Reducing tool wear by partial cladding of critical zones in hot form tool by laser metal deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vollmer, Robert; Sommitsch, Christof

2017-10-01

This paper points out a production method to reduce tool wear in hot stamping applications. Usually tool wear can be observed at locally strongly stressed areas superimposed with gliding movement between blank and tool surface. The shown solution is based on a partial laser cladding of the tool surface with a wear resistant coating to increase the lifespan of tool inserts. Preliminary studies showed good results applying a material combination of tungsten carbide particles embedded in a metallic matrix. Different Nickel based alloys welded on hot work tool steel (1.2343) were tested mechanically in the interface zone. The material with the best bonding characteristic is chosen and reinforced with spherical tungsten carbide particles in a second laser welding step. Since the machining of tungsten carbides is very elaborate a special manufacturing strategy is developed to reduce the milling effort as much as possible. On special test specimens milling tests are carried out to proof the machinability. As outlook a tool insert of a b-pillar is coated to perform real hot forming tests.

2D Kac-Moody symmetry of 4D Yang-Mills theory

DOE PAGES

He, Temple; Mitra, Prahar; Strominger, Andrew

2016-10-25

Scattering amplitudes of any four-dimensional theory with nonabelian gauge group G may be recast as two-dimensional correlation functions on the asymptotic twosphere at null in nity. The soft gluon theorem is shown, for massless theories at the semiclassical level, to be the Ward identity of a holomorphic two-dimensional G-Kac-Moody symmetry acting on these correlation functions. Holomorphic Kac-Moody current insertions are positive helicity soft gluon insertions. Furthermore, the Kac-Moody transformations are a CPT invariant subgroup of gauge transformations which act nontrivially at null in nity and comprise the four-dimensional asymptotic symmetry group.

NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT EDGE IS THE SINGLE CYLINDER “HOT SHOT” ENGINE THAT PROVIDED POWER FOR THE MILL. JUST IN FRONT OF IT IS AN ARRASTRA. AT CENTER IS THE BALL MILL AND SECONDARY ORE BIN. JUST TO THE RIGHT OF THE BALL MILL IS A RAKE CLASSIFIER, AND TO THE RIGHT ARE THE CONCENTRATION TABLES. WARM SPRINGS CAMP IS IN THE DISTANCE. SEE CA-292-4 FOR IDENTICAL B&W NEGATIVE. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT EDGE IS THE SINGLE CYLINDER “HOT SHOT” ENGINE THAT PROVIDED POWER FOR THE MILL. JUST IN FRONT OF IT IS AN ARRASTRA. AT CENTER IS THE BALL MILL AND SECONDARY ORE BIN. JUST TO THE RIGHT OF THE BALL MILL IS A RAKE CLASSIFIER, AND TO THE RIGHT ARE THE CONCENTRATION TABLES. WARM SPRINGS CAMP IS IN THE DISTANCE. SEE CA-292-17 (CT) FOR IDENTICAL COLOR TRANSPARENCY. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

Subleading Regge limit from a soft anomalous dimension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brüser, Robin; Caron-Huot, Simon; Henn, Johannes M.

2018-04-01

Wilson lines capture important features of scattering amplitudes, for example soft effects relevant for infrared divergences, and the Regge limit. Beyond the leading power approximation, corrections to the eikonal picture have to be taken into account. In this paper, we study such corrections in a model of massive scattering amplitudes in N=4 super Yang-Mills, in the planar limit, where the mass is generated through a Higgs mechanism. Using known three-loop analytic expressions for the scattering amplitude, we find that the first power suppressed term has a very simple form, equal to a single power law. We propose that its exponent is governed by the anomalous dimension of a Wilson loop with a scalar inserted at the cusp, and we provide perturbative evidence for this proposal. We also analyze other limits of the amplitude and conjecture an exact formula for a total cross-section at high energies.

Frontiers in Laser Cooling, Single-Molecule Biophysics, and Enrgy Science: A Talk from Leo Holberg and Allen Mills

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holberg, Leo; Mills, Allen

2008-08-30

Leo Holberg and Allen Mills present a talk at Frontiers in Laser Cooling, Single-Molecule Biophysics and Energy Science, a scientific symposium honoring Steve Chu, director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics. The symposium was held August 30, 2008 in Berkeley.

Frontiers in Laser Cooling, Single-Molecule Biophysics, and Enrgy Science: A Talk from Leo Holberg and Allen Mills

ScienceCinema

Holberg, Leo; Mills, Allen

2018-05-07

Leo Holberg and Allen Mills present a talk at Frontiers in Laser Cooling, Single-Molecule Biophysics and Energy Science, a scientific symposium honoring Steve Chu, director of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and recipient of the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics. The symposium was held August 30, 2008 in Berkeley.

A Virtual Sensor for Online Fault Detection of Multitooth-Tools

PubMed Central

Bustillo, Andres; Correa, Maritza; Reñones, Anibal

2011-01-01

The installation of suitable sensors close to the tool tip on milling centres is not possible in industrial environments. It is therefore necessary to design virtual sensors for these machines to perform online fault detection in many industrial tasks. This paper presents a virtual sensor for online fault detection of multitooth tools based on a Bayesian classifier. The device that performs this task applies mathematical models that function in conjunction with physical sensors. Only two experimental variables are collected from the milling centre that performs the machining operations: the electrical power consumption of the feed drive and the time required for machining each workpiece. The task of achieving reliable signals from a milling process is especially complex when multitooth tools are used, because each kind of cutting insert in the milling centre only works on each workpiece during a certain time window. Great effort has gone into designing a robust virtual sensor that can avoid re-calibration due to, e.g., maintenance operations. The virtual sensor developed as a result of this research is successfully validated under real conditions on a milling centre used for the mass production of automobile engine crankshafts. Recognition accuracy, calculated with a k-fold cross validation, had on average 0.957 of true positives and 0.986 of true negatives. Moreover, measured accuracy was 98%, which suggests that the virtual sensor correctly identifies new cases. PMID:22163766

A virtual sensor for online fault detection of multitooth-tools.

PubMed

Bustillo, Andres; Correa, Maritza; Reñones, Anibal

2011-01-01

The installation of suitable sensors close to the tool tip on milling centres is not possible in industrial environments. It is therefore necessary to design virtual sensors for these machines to perform online fault detection in many industrial tasks. This paper presents a virtual sensor for online fault detection of multitooth tools based on a bayesian classifier. The device that performs this task applies mathematical models that function in conjunction with physical sensors. Only two experimental variables are collected from the milling centre that performs the machining operations: the electrical power consumption of the feed drive and the time required for machining each workpiece. The task of achieving reliable signals from a milling process is especially complex when multitooth tools are used, because each kind of cutting insert in the milling centre only works on each workpiece during a certain time window. Great effort has gone into designing a robust virtual sensor that can avoid re-calibration due to, e.g., maintenance operations. The virtual sensor developed as a result of this research is successfully validated under real conditions on a milling centre used for the mass production of automobile engine crankshafts. Recognition accuracy, calculated with a k-fold cross validation, had on average 0.957 of true positives and 0.986 of true negatives. Moreover, measured accuracy was 98%, which suggests that the virtual sensor correctly identifies new cases.

Internal fit of single crowns produced by CAD-CAM and lost-wax metal casting technique assessed by the triple-scan protocol.

PubMed

Dahl, Bjørn Einar; Rønold, Hans Jacob; Dahl, Jon E

2017-03-01

Whether single crowns produced by computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) have an internal fit comparable to crowns made by lost-wax metal casting technique is unknown. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the internal fit of single crowns produced with the lost-wax and metal casting technique with that of single crowns produced with the CAD-CAM technique. The internal fit of 5 groups of single crowns produced with the CAD-CAM technique was compared with that of single crowns produced in cobalt-chromium with the conventional lost-wax and metal casting technique. Comparison was performed using the triple-scan protocol; scans of the master model, the crown on the master model, and the intaglio of the crown were superimposed and analyzed with computer software. The 5 groups were milled presintered zirconia, milled hot isostatic pressed zirconia, milled lithium disilicate, milled cobalt-chromium, and laser-sintered cobalt-chromium. The cement space in both the mesiodistal and buccopalatal directions was statistically smaller (P<.05) for crowns made by the conventional lost-wax and metal casting technique compared with that of crowns produced by the CAD-CAM technique. Single crowns made using the conventional lost-wax and metal casting technique have better internal fit than crowns produced using the CAD-CAM technique. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Effect of Coded Healing Abutments on Treatment Duration and Clinical Outcome: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Comparing Encode and Conventional Impression Protocols.

PubMed

Abduo, Jaafar; Chen, Chen; Le Breton, Eugene; Radu, Alexandra; Szeto, Josephine; Judge, Roy; Darby, Ivan

To compare the Encode impression protocol (Biomet 3i) with the conventional impression protocol in terms of treatment duration, clinical accuracy, and outcome up to the first postplacement review of single-implant crowns. A total of 45 implants were included in this study. The implants were randomly allocated to the Encode group (23 implants) or the conventional group (22 implants). At the time of surgery, all implants received two-piece Encode healing abutments. The implants were restored 3 months after insertion. In the conventional protocol, open-tray implant-level impressions were taken and the implants were restored with prefabricated abutments and porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns. For the implants in the Encode group, closed-tray impressions of the healing abutments were taken. The generated casts were sent to the Biomet 3i scanning/milling center for custom abutment manufacturing on which PFM crowns were fabricated. Treatment duration (laboratory and clinical), clinical accuracy of occlusal and proximal contacts, and outcome (esthetics, patient satisfaction, and crown contour) were evaluated with the aid of a series of questionnaires. The Encode protocol required significantly less laboratory time (18 minutes) than the conventional protocol for adjustment of the abutments. The impression pour time, time for the laboratory to return the crown, time for crown insertion at the final appointment, and total clinical time for crown insertion did not differ significantly between the two protocols. Likewise, clinical accuracy, esthetics, and patient satisfaction were similar for the two protocols. The two protocols were clinically comparable. The Encode protocol is advantageous in reducing the laboratory time before crown fabrication.

An argon ion beam milling process for native AlOx layers enabling coherent superconducting contacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grünhaupt, Lukas; von Lüpke, Uwe; Gusenkova, Daria; Skacel, Sebastian T.; Maleeva, Nataliya; Schlör, Steffen; Bilmes, Alexander; Rotzinger, Hannes; Ustinov, Alexey V.; Weides, Martin; Pop, Ioan M.

2017-08-01

We present an argon ion beam milling process to remove the native oxide layer forming on aluminum thin films due to their exposure to atmosphere in between lithographic steps. Our cleaning process is readily integrable with conventional fabrication of Josephson junction quantum circuits. From measurements of the internal quality factors of superconducting microwave resonators with and without contacts, we place an upper bound on the residual resistance of an ion beam milled contact of 50 mΩ μm2 at a frequency of 4.5 GHz. Resonators for which only 6% of the total foot-print was exposed to the ion beam milling, in areas of low electric and high magnetic fields, showed quality factors above 106 in the single photon regime, and no degradation compared to single layer samples. We believe these results will enable the development of increasingly complex superconducting circuits for quantum information processing.

Tool wear analysis during duplex stainless steel trochoidal milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amaro, Paulo; Ferreira, Pedro; Simões, Fernando

2018-05-01

In this study a tool with interchangeable inserts of sintered carbides coated with AlTiN were used to mill a duplex stainless steel with trochoidal strategies. Cutting speed range from 120 to 300 m/min were used and t he evaluation of tool deterioration and tool life was made according international standard ISO 8688-1. It was observed a progressive development of a flank wear and a cumulative cyclic process of localized adhesion of the chip to the cutting edge, followed by chipping, loss of the coating and substrate exposure. The tool life reached a maximum of 35 min. for cutting speed of 120 m/min. However, it was possible to maintain a tool life of 20-25 minutes when the cutting speed was increased up to 240 m/min.

Micro Machining of Injection Mold Inserts for Fluidic Channel of Polymeric Biochips

PubMed Central

Jung, Woo-Chul; Heo, Young-Moo; Yoon, Gil-Sang; Shin, Kwang-Ho; Chang, Sung-Ho; Kim, Gun-Hee; Cho, Myeong-Woo

2007-01-01

Recently, the polymeric micro-fluidic biochip, often called LOC (lab-on-a-chip), has been focused as a cheap, rapid and simplified method to replace the existing biochemical laboratory works. It becomes possible to form miniaturized lab functionalities on a chip with the development of MEMS technologies. The micro-fluidic chips contain many micro-channels for the flow of sample and reagents, mixing, and detection tasks. Typical substrate materials for the chip are glass and polymers. Typical techniques for microfluidic chip fabrication are utilizing various micro pattern forming methods, such as wet-etching, micro-contact printing, and hot-embossing, micro injection molding, LIGA, and micro powder blasting processes, etc. In this study, to establish the basis of the micro pattern fabrication and mass production of polymeric micro-fluidic chips using injection molding process, micro machining method was applied to form micro-channels on the LOC molds. In the research, a series of machining experiments using micro end-mills were performed to determine optimum machining conditions to improve surface roughness and shape accuracy of designed simplified micro-channels. Obtained conditions were used to machine required mold inserts for micro-channels using micro end-mills. Test injection processes using machined molds and COC polymer were performed, and then the results were investigated.

Study on Sumbawa gold ore liberation using rod mill: effect of rod-number and rotational speed on particle size distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasetya, A.; Mawadati, A.; Putri, A. M. R.; Petrus, H. T. B. M.

2018-01-01

Comminution is one of crucial steps in gold ore processing used to liberate the valuable minerals from gaunge mineral. This research is done to find the particle size distribution of gold ore after it has been treated through the comminution process in a rod mill with various number of rod and rotational speed that will results in one optimum milling condition. For the initial step, Sumbawa gold ore was crushed and then sieved to pass the 2.5 mesh and retained on the 5 mesh (this condition was taken to mimic real application in artisanal gold mining). Inserting the prepared sample into the rod mill, the observation on effect of rod-number and rotational speed was then conducted by variating the rod number of 7 and 10 while the rotational speed was varied from 60, 85, and 110 rpm. In order to be able to provide estimation on particle distribution of every condition, the comminution kinetic was applied by taking sample at 15, 30, 60, and 120 minutes for size distribution analysis. The change of particle distribution of top and bottom product as time series was then treated using Rosin-Rammler distribution equation. The result shows that the homogenity of particle size and particle size distribution is affected by rod-number and rotational speed. The particle size distribution is more homogeneous by increasing of milling time, regardless of rod-number and rotational speed. Mean size of particles do not change significantly after 60 minutes milling time. Experimental results showed that the optimum condition was achieved at rotational speed of 85 rpm, using rod-number of 7.

Influence parameters of impact grinding mills

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoeffl, K.; Husemann, K.; Goldacker, H.

1984-01-01

Significant parameters for impact grinding mills were investigated. Final particle size was used to evaluate grinding results. Adjustment of the parameters toward increased charge load results in improved efficiency; however, it was not possible to define a single, unified set to optimum grinding conditions.

Hollow cathode startup using a microplasma discharge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aston, G.

1981-01-01

Attention is given to a microplasma discharge to initiate a hollow cathode discharge for such applications as plasma flow experiments, the electric propulsion of space vehicles, and as a replacement for filament cathodes in neutral beam injector ion sources. The technique results in a cathode that is easy to start, simple in design, and which does not require external RF exciters, inserts or heating elements. Future applications may include ion beam milling and ion implantation.

Identification of Technological Parameters of Ni-Alloys When Machining by Monolithic Ceramic Milling Tool

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Czán, Andrej; Kubala, Ondrej; Danis, Igor; Czánová, Tatiana; Holubják, Jozef; Mikloš, Matej

2017-12-01

The ever-increasing production and the usage of hard-to-machine progressive materials are the main cause of continual finding of new ways and methods of machining. One of these ways is the ceramic milling tool, which combines the pros of conventional ceramic cutting materials and pros of conventional coating steel-based insert. These properties allow to improve cutting conditions and so increase the productivity with preserved quality known from conventional tools usage. In this paper, there is made the identification of properties and possibilities of this tool when machining of hard-to-machine materials such as nickel alloys using in airplanes engines. This article is focused on the analysis and evaluation ordinary technological parameters and surface quality, mainly roughness of surface and quality of machined surface and tool wearing.

Comparison of particle sizes between 238PuO 2 before aqueous processing, after aqueous processing, and after ball milling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mulford, Roberta Nancy

Particle sizes determined for a single lot of incoming Russian fuel and for a lot of fuel after aqueous processing are compared with particle sizes measured on fuel after ball-milling. The single samples of each type are believed to have particle size distributions typical of oxide from similar lots, as the processing of fuel lots is fairly uniform. Variation between lots is, as yet, uncharacterized. Sampling and particle size measurement methods are discussed elsewhere.

No-go for partially massless spin-2 Yang-Mills

DOE PAGES

Garcia-Saenz, Sebastian; Hinterbichler, Kurt; Joyce, Austin; ...

2016-02-05

There are various no-go results forbidding self-interactions for a single partially massless spin-2 field. Given the photon-like structure of the linear partially massless field, it is natural to ask whether a multiplet of such fields can interact under an internal Yang-Mills like extension of the partially massless symmetry. In this paper, we give two arguments that such a partially massless Yang-Mills theory does not exist. The first is that there is no Yang-Mills like non-abelian deformation of the partially massless symmetry, and the second is that cubic vertices with the appropriate structure constants do not exist.

New Single Piece Blast Hardware design

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ulrich, Andri; Steinzig, Michael Louis; Aragon, Daniel Adrian

W, Q and PF engineers and machinists designed and fabricated, on the new Mazak i300, the first Single Piece Blast Hardware (unclassified design shown) reducing fabrication and inspection time by over 50%. The first DU Single Piece is completed and will be used for Hydro Test 3680. Past hydro tests used a twopiece assembly due to a lack of equipment capable of machining the complex saddle shape in a single piece. The i300 provides turning and milling 5-axis machining on one machine. The milling head on the i300 can machine past 90 relative to the spindle axis. This makes itmore » possible to machine the complex saddle surface on a single piece. Going to a single piece eliminates tolerance problems, such as tilting and eccentricity, that typically occurred when assembling the two pieces together« less

Physical and mechanical properties of extruded poly(lactic acid)-based Paulownia elongata biocomposites

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Paulownia wood flour (PWF), a byproduct of milling lumber, was tested as bio-filler with polylactic acid (PLA). Paulownia wood (PW) shavings were milled and separated into particle fractions and then blended with PLA with a single screw extruder. Mechanical and thermal properties were tested. Dif...

Magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Mn-Al-C powders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohmoto, O.; Kageyama, N.; Kageyama, Y.; Haji, H.; Uchida, M.; Matsushima, Y.

2011-01-01

We have prepared supersaturated-solution Mn-Al-C alloy powders by mechanical alloying using a planetary high-energy mill. The starting materials were pure Mn, Al and C powers. The mechanically-alloyed powders were subjected to a two-step heating. Although starting particles are Al and Mn with additive C, the Al peak disappears with MA time. With increasing MA time, transition from α-Mn to β-Mn does not occur; the α-Mn structure maintains. At 100 h, a single phase of supersaturated-solution α-Mn is obtained. The lattice constant of α-Mn decreases with increasing MA time. From the Scherrer formula, the crystallite size at 500 h is obtained as 200Å, which does not mean amorphous state. By two-step heating, high magnetization (66 emu/g) was obtained from short-time-milled powders (t=10 h). The precursor of the as-milled powder is not a single phase α-Mn but contains small amount of fcc Al. After two-step heating, the powder changes to τ-phase. Although the saturation magnetization increases, the value is less than that by conventional bulk MnAl (88 emu/g). Meanwhile, long-time-milled powder of single α-Mn phase results in low magnetization (5.2 emu/g) after two-step heating.

Mechanical Alloying of W-Mo-V-Cr-Ta High Entropy Alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, Sujit; Robi, P. S.

2018-04-01

Recent years have seen the emergence of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) consisting of five or more elements in equi-atomic or near equi-atomic ratios. These alloys in single phase solid solution exhibit exceptional mechanical properties viz., high strength at room and elevated temperatures, reasonable ductility and stable microstructure over a wide range of temperatures making it suitable for high temperature structural materials. In spite of the attractive properties, processing of these materials remains a challenge. Reports regarding fabrication and characterisation of a few refractory HEA systems are available. The processing of these alloys have been carried out by arc melting of small button sized materials. The present paper discusses the development of a novel refractory W-Mo-V-Cr-Ta HEA powder based on a new alloy design concept. The powder mixture was milled for time periods up to 64 hours. Single phase alloy powder having body centred cubic structure was processed by mechanical alloying. The milling characteristics and extent of alloying during the ball milling were characterized using X-ray diffractiometre (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). A single phase solid solution alloy powder having body-centred cubic (BCC) structure with a lattice parameter of 3.15486 Å was obtained after milling for 32 hours.

Investigation of the milling capabilities of the F10 Fine Grind mill using Box-Behnken designs.

PubMed

Tan, Bernice Mei Jin; Tay, Justin Yong Soon; Wong, Poh Mun; Chan, Lai Wah; Heng, Paul Wan Sia

2015-01-01

Size reduction or milling of the active is often the first processing step in the design of a dosage form. The ability of a mill to convert coarse crystals into the target size and size distribution efficiently is highly desirable as the quality of the final pharmaceutical product after processing is often still dependent on the dimensional attributes of its component constituents. The F10 Fine Grind mill is a mechanical impact mill designed to produce unimodal mid-size particles by utilizing a single-pass two-stage size reduction process for fine grinding of raw materials needed in secondary processing. Box-Behnken designs were used to investigate the effects of various mill variables (impeller, blower and feeder speeds and screen aperture size) on the milling of coarse crystals. Response variables included the particle size parameters (D10, D50 and D90), span and milling rate. Milled particles in the size range of 5-200 μm, with D50 ranging from 15 to 60 μm, were produced. The impeller and feeder speeds were the most critical factors influencing the particle size and milling rate, respectively. Size distributions of milled particles were better described by their goodness-of-fit to a log-normal distribution (i.e. unimodality) rather than span. Milled particles with symmetrical unimodal distributions were obtained when the screen aperture size was close to the median diameter of coarse particles employed. The capacity for high throughput milling of particles to a mid-size range, which is intermediate between conventional mechanical impact mills and air jet mills, was demonstrated in the F10 mill. Prediction models from the Box-Behnken designs will aid in providing a better guide to the milling process and milled product characteristics. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of milling atmosphere on structural and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystalline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajalilou, Abdollah; Hashim, Mansor; Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, Reza; Masoudi Mohamad, Taghi

2015-04-01

Powder mixtures of Zn, NiO, and Fe2O3 are mechanically alloyed by high energy ball milling to produce Ni-Zn ferrite with a nominal composition of Ni0.36Zn0.64Fe2O4. The effects of milling atmospheres (argon, air, and oxygen), milling time (from 0 to 30 h) and heat treatment are studied. The products are characterized using x-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmitted electron microscopy. The results indicate that the desired ferrite is not produced during the milling in the samples milled under either air or oxygen atmospheres. In those samples milled under argon, however, Zn/NiO/Fe2O3 reacts with a solid-state diffusion mode to produce Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystalline in a size of 8 nm after 30-h-milling. The average crystallite sizes decrease to 9 nm and 10 nm in 30-h-milling samples under air and oxygen atmospheres, respectively. Annealing the 30-h-milling samples at 600 °C for 2 h leads to the formation of a single phase of Ni-Zn ferrite, an increase of crystallite size, and a reduction of internal lattice strain. Finally, the effects of the milling atmosphere and heating temperature on the magnetic properties of the 30-h-milling samples are investigated. Project supported by the University Putra Malaysia Graduate Research Fellowship Section.

Efficient and simpler method to construct normalized cDNA libraries with improved representations of full-length cDNAs

DOEpatents

Soares, Marcelo Bento; Bonaldo, Maria de Fatima

1998-01-01

This invention provides a method to normalize a cDNA library comprising: (a) constructing a directionally cloned library containing cDNA inserts wherein the insert is capable of being amplified by polymerase chain reaction; (b) converting a double-stranded cDNA library into single-stranded DNA circles; (c) generating single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) by polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers; (d) hybridizing the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) with the complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules generated in step (c) to produce partial duplexes to an appropriate Cot; and (e) separating the unhybridized single-stranded DNA circles from the hybridized DNA circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. This invention also provides a method to normalize a cDNA library wherein the generating of single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) is by excising cDNA inserts from the double-stranded cDNA library; purifying the cDNA inserts from cloning vectors; and digesting the cDNA inserts with an exonuclease. This invention further provides a method to construct a subtractive cDNA library following the steps described above. This invention further provides normalized and/or subtractive cDNA libraries generated by the above methods.

Efficient and simpler method to construct normalized cDNA libraries with improved representations of full-length cDNAs

DOEpatents

Soares, M.B.; Fatima Bonaldo, M. de

1998-12-08

This invention provides a method to normalize a cDNA library comprising: (a) constructing a directionally cloned library containing cDNA inserts wherein the insert is capable of being amplified by polymerase chain reaction; (b) converting a double-stranded cDNA library into single-stranded DNA circles; (c) generating single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) by polymerase chain reaction with appropriate primers; (d) hybridizing the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) with the complementary single-stranded nucleic acid molecules generated in step (c) to produce partial duplexes to an appropriate Cot; and (e) separating the unhybridized single-stranded DNA circles from the hybridized DNA circles, thereby generating a normalized cDNA library. This invention also provides a method to normalize a cDNA library wherein the generating of single-stranded nucleic acid molecules complementary to the single-stranded DNA circles converted in step (b) is by excising cDNA inserts from the double-stranded cDNA library; purifying the cDNA inserts from cloning vectors; and digesting the cDNA inserts with an exonuclease. This invention further provides a method to construct a subtractive cDNA library following the steps described above. This invention further provides normalized and/or subtractive cDNA libraries generated by the above methods. 25 figs.

Formation of budesonide/α-lactose glass solutions by ball-milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dudognon, E.; Willart, J. F.; Caron, V.; Capet, F.; Larsson, T.; Descamps, M.

2006-04-01

The possibility to obtain amorphous budesonide stabilised by blending with an excipient characterised by a higher glass transition temperature, namely α-lactose, has been studied. We carried out the mixing of the two compounds at room temperature by ball-milling. The four obtained blends (containing, respectively, 10, 30, 50 and 70% w of budesonide) are X-ray amorphous and exhibit a single glass transition located between the ones of pure milled crystalline compounds. This revealed that the two amorphous phases are miscible whatever the composition and sufficiently mixed to relax as a whole. Ball-milling thus appears as a powerful tool to form amorphous molecular alloys with enhanced stability properties.

A Genetic Linkage Map of Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Based on Random Amplified Polymorphic DNAs

Treesearch

C.D. Nelson; Thomas L. Kubisiak; M. Stine; W.L. Nance

1994-01-01

Eight megagametophyte DNA samples from a single longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) tree were used to screen 576 oligonucleotide primers for random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments. Primers amplifying repeatable polymorphic fragments were further characterized within a sample of 72 megagametophytes from the same tree. Fragments...

The Effect of High Energy Ball Milling on the Dynamic Response of Aluminum Powders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beason, Matthew T.; Justice, Andrew W.; Gunduz, Ibrahim E.; Son, Steven F.

2017-06-01

Ball milling is an effective method to enhance the reactivity of intermetallic reactives by reducing characteristic diffusions distances. During this process, ductile reactants are mixed into a lamellar material with nanoscale features, resulting in significant strain hardening. Plate impact experiments using a single stage light gas gun have been performed to evaluate the effect of high energy ball milling (HEBM) on the mechanical properties and dynamic response of cold pressed aluminum compacts. The average grain size of the milled material is evaluate and suggested as a method of correlating the measured response to the properties of milled composites. This material is based upon work supported by the Department of Energy, National Nuclear Security Administration, under Award Number(s) DE-NA0002377, as well as individual funding (Beason) by the Department of Defense through the NDSEG.

Single-crystal and textured polycrystalline Nd2Fe14B flakes with a submicron or nanosize thickness

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cui, BZ; Zheng, LY; Li, WF

2012-02-01

This paper reports on the fabrication, structure and magnetic property optimization of Nd2Fe14B single-crystal and [0 0 1] textured poly-nanocrystalline flakes prepared by surfactant-assisted high-energy ball milling (HEBM). Single-crystal Nd2Fe14B flakes first with micron and then with submicron thicknesses were formed via continuous basal cleavage along the (1 1 0) planes of the irregularly shaped single-crystal microparticles during the early stage of HEBM. With further milling, [0 0 1] textured polycrystalline submicron Nd2Fe14B flakes were formed. Finally, crystallographically anisotropic polycrystalline Nd2Fe14B nanoflakes were formed after milling for 5-6 h. Anisotropic magnetic behavior was found in all of the flake samples.more » Nd2Fe14B flakes prepared with either oleic acid (OA) or oleylamine (OY) as the surfactant exhibited similar morphology, structure and magnetic properties. Both the addition of some low-melting-point eutectic Nd70Cu30 alloy and an appropriate post-annealing can increase the coercivity of the Nd2Fe14B flakes. The coercivity of Nd2Fe14B nanoflakes with an addition of 16.7 wt.% Nd70Cu30 by milling for 5 h in heptane with 20 wt.% OY increased from 3.7 to 6.8 kOe after annealing at 450 degrees C for 0.5 h. The mechanism for formation and coercivity enhancement of Nd2Fe14B single-crystal and textured poly-nanocrystalline flakes with a submicron or nanosize thickness was discussed. (C) 2011 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.« less

Double diameter boring tool

DOEpatents

Ashbaugh, F.A.; Murry, K.R.

1986-02-10

A boring tool and a method of operation are provided for boring two concentric holes of precision diameters and depths in a single operation. The boring tool includes an elongated tool body, a shank for attachment to a standard adjustable boring head which is used on a manual or numerical control milling machine and first and second diametrically opposed cutting flutes formed for cutting in opposite directions. The diameter of the elongated tool body is substantially equal to the distance from the first flute tip to the axis of rotation plus the distance from the second flute tip to the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of the tool is spaced from the tool centerline a distance substantially equal to one-half the distance from the second flute tip to the axis of rotation minus one-half the distance from the first flute tip to the axis of rotation. The method includes the step of inserting the boring tool into the boring head, adjusting the distance between the tool centerline and the tool axis of rotation as described above and boring the two concentric holes.

Double diameter boring tool

DOEpatents

Ashbaugh, Fred N.; Murry, Kenneth R.

1988-12-27

A boring tool and a method of operation are provided for boring two concentric holes of precision diameters and depths in a single operation. The boring tool includes an elongated tool body, a shank for attachment to a standard adjustable boring head which is used on a manual or numerical control milling machine and first and second diametrically opposed cutting edges formed for cutting in opposite directions. The diameter of the elongated tool body is substantially equal to the distance from the first cutting edge tip to the axis of rotation plus the distance from the second cutting edge tip to the axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of the tool is spaced from the tool centerline a distance substantially equal to one-half the distance from the second cutting edge tip to the axis of rotation minus one-half the distance from the first cutting edge tip to the axis of rotation. The method includes the step of inserting the boring tool into the boring head, adjusting the distance between the tool centerline and the tool axis of rotation as described above and boring the two concentric holes.

Double diameter boring tool

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ashbaugh, F.A.; Murry, K.R.

A boring tool and a method of operation are provided for boring two concentric holes of precision diameters and depths in a single operation. The boring tool includes an elongated tool body, a shank for attachment to a standard adjustable boring head which is used on a manual or numerical control milling machine and first and second diametrically opposed cutting flutes formed for cutting in opposite directions. The diameter of the elongated tool body is substantially equal to the distance from the first flute tip to the axis of rotation plus the distance from the second flute tip to themore » axis of rotation. The axis of rotation of the tool is spaced from the tool centerline a distance substantially equal to one-half the distance from the second flute tip to the axis of rotation minus one-half the distance from the first flute tip to the axis of rotation. The method includes the step of inserting the boring tool into the boring head, adjusting the distance between the tool centerline and the tool axis of rotation as described above and boring the two concentric holes.« less

Esthetic considerations for the treatment of the edentulous maxilla based on current informatic alternatives: a case report.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Tizcareño, Mario H; Barajas, Lizbeth; Pérez-Gásque, Marisol; Gómez, Salvador

2012-06-01

This report presents a protocol used to transfer the virtual treatment plan data to the surgical and prosthetic reality and its clinical application, bone site augmentation with computer-custom milled bovine bone graft blocks to their ideal architecture form, implant insertion based on image-guided stent fabrication, and the restorative manufacturing process through computed tomography-based software programs and navigation systems and the computer-aided design and manufacturing techniques for the treatment of the edentulous maxilla.

7. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Engine and boiler house; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Engine and boiler house; ca. 1881. Simple, single-cylinder, horizontal, reciprocating steam engine, model No. 1, 5' x 10', 6 hp, 175 rpm. Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. View: Historical view, 1934, from T. T. Waterman collection, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. View shows interior of engine and boiler house intact. The steam-feed pipe is still attached to throttle valve, not the case in 1978 view. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Experimental investigations on cryogenic cooling by liquid nitrogen in the end milling of hardened steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ravi, S.; Pradeep Kumar, M.

2011-09-01

Milling of hardened steel generates excessive heat during the chip formation process, which increases the temperature of cutting tool and accelerates tool wear. Application of conventional cutting fluid in milling process may not effectively control the heat generation also it has inherent health and environmental problems. To minimize health hazard and environmental problems caused by using conventional cutting fluid, a cryogenic cooling set up is developed to cool tool-chip interface using liquid nitrogen (LN 2). This paper presents results on the effect of LN 2 as a coolant on machinability of hardened AISI H13 tool steel for varying cutting speed in the range of 75-125 m/min during end milling with PVD TiAlN coated carbide inserts at a constant feed rate. The results show that machining with LN 2 lowers cutting temperature, tool flank wear, surface roughness and cutting forces as compared with dry and wet machining. With LN 2 cooling, it has been found that the cutting temperature was reduced by 57-60% and 37-42%; the tool flank wear was reduced by 29-34% and 10-12%; the surface roughness was decreased by 33-40% and 25-29% compared to dry and wet machining. The cutting forces also decreased moderately compared to dry and wet machining. This can be attributed to the fact that LN 2 machining provides better cooling and lubrication through substantial reduction in the cutting zone temperature.

Estimating needle tip deflection in biological tissue from a single transverse ultrasound image: application to brachytherapy.

PubMed

Rossa, Carlos; Sloboda, Ron; Usmani, Nawaid; Tavakoli, Mahdi

2016-07-01

This paper proposes a method to predict the deflection of a flexible needle inserted into soft tissue based on the observation of deflection at a single point along the needle shaft. We model the needle-tissue as a discretized structure composed of several virtual, weightless, rigid links connected by virtual helical springs whose stiffness coefficient is found using a pattern search algorithm that only requires the force applied at the needle tip during insertion and the needle deflection measured at an arbitrary insertion depth. Needle tip deflections can then be predicted for different insertion depths. Verification of the proposed method in synthetic and biological tissue shows a deflection estimation error of [Formula: see text]2 mm for images acquired at 35 % or more of the maximum insertion depth, and decreases to 1 mm for images acquired closer to the final insertion depth. We also demonstrate the utility of the model for prostate brachytherapy, where in vivo needle deflection measurements obtained during early stages of insertion are used to predict the needle deflection further along the insertion process. The method can predict needle deflection based on the observation of deflection at a single point. The ultrasound probe can be maintained at the same position during insertion of the needle, which avoids complications of tissue deformation caused by the motion of the ultrasound probe.

Effects of Single P-Element Insertions on Bristle Number and Viability in Drosophila Melanogaster

PubMed Central

Lyman, R. F.; Lawrence, F.; Nuzhdin, S. V.; Mackay, TFC.

1996-01-01

Single P-element mutagenesis was used to construct 1094 lines with P[lArB] inserts on all three major chromosomes in an isogenic background previously free of P elements. The effects of insertions on bristle number and on viability were assessed by comparison to 392 control lines. The variance and effects of P-element inserts on bristle number and viability were larger than those inferred from spontaneous mutations. The distributions of effects on bristle number were symmetrical and highly leptokurtic, such that a few inserts with large effects caused most of the increase in variance. The distribution of effects on viability were negatively skewed and platykurtic. On average, the effects of P-element insertions on bristle number were partly recessive and on viability were completely recessive. P-element inserts with large effects on bristle number tended to have reduced viability, but the correlation between the absolute value of the effects on bristle number and on viability was not strong. Fifty P-element inserts tagging quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with large effects on bristle number were mapped cytogenetically. Two P-element-induced scabrous alleles and five extramacrochaetae alleles were generated. Single P-element mutagenesis is a powerful method for identifying QTLs at the level of genetic locus. PMID:8722781

Effects of single P-element insertions on bristle number and viability in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Lyman, R F; Lawrence, F; Nuzhdin, S V; Mackay, T F

1996-05-01

Single P-element mutagenesis was used to construct 1094 lines with P[lArB] inserts on all three major chromosomes in an isogenic background previously free of P elements. The effects of insertions on bristle number and on viability were assessed by comparison to 392 control lines. The variance and effects of P-element inserts on bristle number and viability were larger than those inferred from spontaneous mutations. The distributions of effects on bristle number were symmetrical and highly leptokurtic, such that a few inserts with large effects caused most of the increase in variance. The distribution of effects on viability were negatively skewed and platykurtic. On average, the effects of P-element insertions on bristle number were partly recessive and on viability were completely recessive. P-element inserts with large effects on bristle number tended to have reduced viability, but the correlation between the absolute value of the effects on bristle number and on viability was not strong. Fifty P-element inserts tagging quantitative trait loci (QTLs) with large effects on bristle number were mapped cytogenetically. Two P-element-induced scabrous alleles and five extramacrochaetae alleles were generated. Single P-element mutagenesis is a powerful method for identifying QTLs at the level of genetic locus.

Analysis of FIB-induced damage by electron channelling contrast imaging in the SEM.

PubMed

Gutierrez-Urrutia, Ivan

2017-01-01

We have investigated the Ga + ion-damage effect induced by focused ion beam (FIB) milling in a [001] single crystal of a 316 L stainless steel by the electron channelling contrast imaging (ECCI) technique. The influence of FIB milling on the characteristic electron channelling contrast of surface dislocations was analysed. The ECCI approach provides sound estimation of the damage depth produced by FIB milling. For comparison purposes, we have also studied the same milled surface by a conventional electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) approach. We observe that the ECCI approach provides further insight into the Ga + ion-damage phenomenon than the EBSD technique by direct imaging of FIB artefacts in the scanning electron microscope. We envisage that the ECCI technique may be a convenient tool to optimize the FIB milling settings in applications where the surface crystal defect content is relevant. © 2016 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2016 Royal Microscopical Society.

The association between cecal insertion time and colorectal neoplasm detection

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Information on the impact of cecal insertion time on colorectal neoplasm detection is limited. Our objective was to determine the association between cecal insertion time and colorectal neoplasm detection rate in colonoscopy screening. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of 12,679 consecutive subjects aged 40–79 years undergoing screening colonoscopy in routine health check-ups at the Center for Health Promotion of the Samsung Medical Center from December 2007 to June 2009. Fixed effects logistic regression conditioning on colonoscopist was used to eliminate confounding due to differences in technical ability and other characteristics across colonoscopists. Results The mean cecal insertion time was 5.9 (SD, 4.4 minutes). We identified 4,249 (33.5%) participants with colorectal neoplasms, of whom 1,956 had small single adenomas (<5 mm), 595 had medium single adenomas (5–9 mm), and 1,699 had multiple adenomas or advanced colorectal neoplasms. The overall rates of colorectal neoplasm detection by quartiles of cecal insertion time were 36.8%, 33.4%, 32.7%, and 31.0%, respectively (p trend <0.001).The odds for small single colorectal adenoma detection was 16% lower (adjusted OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.71 to 0.99) in the fourth compared to the first quartile of insertion time (p trend 0.005). Insertion time was not associated with the detection rate of single adenomas ≥5 mm, multiple adenomas or advanced colorectal neoplasms. Conclusion Shorter insertion times were associated with increased rates of detection of small colorectal adenomas <5 mm. Cecal insertion time may be clinically relevant as missed small colorectal adenomas may progress to more advanced lesions. PMID:23915303

Optimizing the Synthesis of Alumina Inserts Using Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ariff, T. F.; Azhar, A. Z.; Sariff, M. N.; Rasid, S. N.; Zahari, S. Z.; Bahar, R.; Karim, M.; Nurul Amin, AKM

2018-01-01

Alumina or Aluminium Oxide (Al2O3) is well known for its high strength and hardness. Its low heat retention and low specific heat characteristics make it attractive to be used widely as a cutting tool for grinding, milling and turning processes. Various synthesis methods have been used for the purpose of enhancing the properties of the alumina inserts. However, the optimization process using Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) has not been performed. This research aims in finding the optimum parameters in synthesizing the alumina inserts (98Al2O3 1.6ZrO2 0.4MgO, 93Al2O3 6.4ZrO2 0.6MgO and 85Al2O3 14.5ZrO2 0.5MgO) using HIP at different temperatures (1200, 1250 and 1300°C) and sintering time (10, 30 and 60 minutes). Hardness, density, shrinkage and microstructure using SEM were analysed. The optimum sintering condition for the alumina insert was found in 98Al2O3 1.6ZrO2 0.4MgO sintered at 1300°C for 60 minutes for it exhibited the highest values of hardness (1917HV), density (3.95g/cm3), shrinkage (9.6%).

Reliable Mechanochemistry: Protocols for Reproducible Outcomes of Neat and Liquid Assisted Ball-mill Grinding Experiments.

PubMed

Belenguer, Ana M; Lampronti, Giulio I; Sanders, Jeremy K M

2018-01-23

The equilibrium outcomes of ball mill grinding can dramatically change as a function of even tiny variations in the experimental conditions such as the presence of very small amounts of added solvent. To reproducibly and accurately capture this sensitivity, the experimentalist needs to carefully consider every single factor that can affect the ball mill grinding reaction under investigation, from ensuring the grinding jars are clean and dry before use, to accurately adding the stoichiometry of the starting materials, to validating that the delivery of solvent volume is accurate, to ensuring that the interaction between the solvent and the powder is well understood and, if necessary, a specific soaking time is added to the procedure. Preliminary kinetic studies are essential to determine the necessary milling time to achieve equilibrium. Only then can exquisite phase composition curves be obtained as a function of the solvent concentration under ball mill liquid assisted grinding (LAG). By using strict and careful procedures analogous to the ones here presented, such milling equilibrium curves can be obtained for virtually all milling systems. The system we use to demonstrate these procedures is a disulfide exchange reaction starting from the equimolar mixture of two homodimers to obtain at equilibrium quantitative heterodimer. The latter is formed by ball mill grinding as two different polymorphs, Form A and Form B. The ratio R = [Form B] / ([Form A] + [Form B]) at milling equilibrium depends on the nature and concentration of the solvent in the milling jar.

Modelling of teeth of a gear transmission for modern manufacturing technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monica, Z.; Banaś, W.; Ćwikla, G.; Topolska, S.

2017-08-01

The technological process of manufacturing of gear wheels is influenced by many factors. It is designated depending on the type of material from which the gear is to be produced, its heat treatment parameters, the required accuracy, the geometrical form and the modifications of the tooth. Therefor the parameters selection process is not easy and moreover it is unambiguous. Another important stage of the technological process is the selection of appropriate tools to properly machine teeth in the operations of both roughing and finishing. In the presented work the focus is put first of all on modern production methods of gears using technologically advanced instruments in comparison with conventional tools. Conventional processing tools such as gear hobbing cutters or Fellows gear-shaper cutters are used from the beginning of the machines for the production of gear wheels. With the development of technology and the creation of CNC machines designated for machining of gears wheel it was also developed the manufacturing technology as well as the design knowledge concerning the technological tools. Leading manufacturers of cutting tools extended the range of tools designated for machining of gears on the so-called hobbing cutters with inserted cemented carbide tips. The same have be introduced to Fellows gear-shaper cutters. The results of tests show that is advantaged to use hobbing cutters with inserted cemented carbide tips for milling gear wheels with a high number of teeth, where the time gains are very high, in relation to the use of conventional milling cutters.

High temperature ferromagnetism in Ni doped ZnO nanoparticles: Milling time dependence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pal, Bappaditya; Giri, P. K.; Sarkar, D.

2014-04-01

We report on the room temperature ferromagnetism (RT FM) in the Zn1-xNixO (x = 0, 0.03, and 0.05) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a ball milling technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the single crystalline ZnO wurtzite structure with presence of small intensity secondary phase related peak which disappear with increasing milling time for Ni doped samples. HRTEM lattice images show that the doped NPs are single crystalline with a dspacing of 2.44 Å. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of Ni ions in the ZnO matrix. Magnetic measurement (RT) exhibits the hysteresis loop with saturation magnetization (Ms) of 1.6-2.56 (emu/g) and coercive field (Hc) of 296-322 Oe. M-T measurement shows a Curie temperature of the order of 325°C for 3% Ni doped sample. Micro -Raman studies show doping/disorder induced additional modes at ˜510, 547, 572 cm-1 in addition to 437 cm-1 peak of pure ZnO. UV-Vis absorption spectra illustrate band gap shift due to doping. Alteration of Ms value with the variation of doping concentration and milling time has been studied and discussed.

Monitoring oxygen movement by Raman spectroscopy of resistive random access memory with a graphene-inserted electrode.

PubMed

Tian, He; Chen, Hong-Yu; Gao, Bin; Yu, Shimeng; Liang, Jiale; Yang, Yi; Xie, Dan; Kang, Jinfeng; Ren, Tian-Ling; Zhang, Yuegang; Wong, H-S Philip

2013-02-13

In this paper, we employed Ramen spectroscopy to monitor oxygen movement at the electrode/oxide interface by inserting single-layer graphene (SLG). Raman area mapping and single-point measurements show noticeable changes in the D-band, G-band, and 2D-band signals of the SLG during consecutive electrical programming repeated for nine cycles. In addition, the inserted SLG enables the reduction of RESET current by 22 times and programming power consumption by 47 times. Collectively, our results show that monitoring the oxygen movement by Raman spectroscopy for a resistive random access memory (RRAM) is made possible by inserting a single-layer graphene at electrode/oxide interface. This may open up an important analysis tool for investigation of switching mechanism of RRAM.

Concealed Accessory Pathways with a Single Ventricular and Two Discrete Atrial Insertion Sites.

PubMed

Kipp, Ryan T; Abu Sham'a, Raed; Hiroyuki, Ito; Han, Frederick T; Refaat, Marwan; Hsu, Jonathan C; Field, Michael E; Kopp, Douglas E; Marcus, Gregory M; Scheinman, Melvin M; Hoffmayer, Kurt S

2017-03-01

Atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia (AVRT) utilizing a concealed accessory pathway is common. It is well appreciated that some patients may have multiple accessory pathways with separate atrial and ventricular insertion sites. We present three cases of AVRT utilizing concealed pathways with evidence that each utilizing a single ventricular insertion and two discrete atrial insertion sites. In case one, two discrete atrial insertion sites were mapped in two separate procedures, and only during the second ablation was the Kent potential identified. Ablation of the Kent potential at this site remote from the two atrial insertion sites resulted in the termination of the retrograde conduction in both pathways. Case two presented with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) with alternating eccentric atrial activation patterns without alteration in the tachycardia cycle length. The two distinct atrial insertion sites during orthodromic AVRT and ventricular pacing were targeted and each of the two atrial insertion sites were successfully mapped and ablated. In case three, retrograde decremental conduction utilizing both atrial insertion sites was identified prior to ablation. After mapping and ablation of the first discrete atrial insertion site, tachycardia persisted utilizing the second atrial insertion site. Only after ablation of the second atrial insertion site was SVT noninducible, and VA conduction was no longer present. Concealed retrograde accessory pathways with discrete atrial insertion sites may have a common ventricular insertion site. Identification and ablation of the ventricular insertion site or the separate discrete atrial insertion sites result in successful treatment. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ball milling: An experimental support to the energy transfer evaluated by the collision model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Magini, M.; Iasonna, A.; Padella, F.

1996-01-01

In recent years several attempts have been made in order to understand the fundamentals of the ball milling process. The aim of these approaches is to establish predictive capabilities for this process, i.e. the possibility of obtaining a given product by suitable choosing the proper milling conditions. Maurice and Courtney have modeled ball milling in a planetary and in a vibratory mill including parameters like impact times, areas of the colliding surfaces (derived from hertzian collision theory), powder strain rates and pressure peak during collision. Burgio et al derived the kinematic equations of a ball moving on a planetary millmore » and the consequent ball-to-powder energy transfer occurring in a single collision event. The fraction of input energy transferred to the powder was subsequently estimated by an analysis of the collision event. Finally an energy map was constructed which was the basis for a model with predictive capabilities. The aim of the present article is to show that the arguments used to construct the model of the milling process has substantial experimental support.« less

21. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Simple, singlecylinder, horizontal, reciprocating ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Simple, single-cylinder, horizontal, reciprocating steam engine, model no. 1, 5' x 10', 6 hp, 175 rpm. Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. View: Steam engine powered the mill's centrifugals. Steam-feed pipe at top left of engine. Steam exhaust pipe leaves base of engine on right end and projects upwards. The boiler feed and supply pipe running water through the engine's pre-heat system are seen running to the lower left end of the engine. Pulley in the foreground was not used. The centrifugals were powered by a belt running from the flywheel in the background. Ball-type governor and pulley are on left end of the engine. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Air embolism after central venous catheterization.

PubMed

Kashuk, J L; Penn, I

1984-09-01

Air embolism--the most dangerous complication of central venous catheterization--may occur in several ways. The most frequent is from disconnection of the catheter from the related intravenous tubing. An embolism may present with a sucking sound, tachypnea, air hunger, wheezing, hypotension and a "mill wheel" murmur. A later manifestation is severe pulmonary edema. In a review of 24 patients, the mortality was 50 per cent. Among the survivors, five (42 per cent) had neurologic damage. Immediate treatment includes placing the patient in the left lateral and Trendelenberg positions, administration of oxygen and aspiration of air from the heart. Cardiac massage and emergency cardiopulmonary bypass may be necessary. Most instances can be prevented by inserting the cannula with the patient in the Trendelenberg position, occluding the cannula hub except briefly while the catheter is inserted, fixation of the catheter hub to its connections and occlusive dressing over the track after removal of the catheter.

19. Engine identified as a single cylinder vacuum assist engine ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. Engine identified as a single cylinder vacuum assist engine for the Filer and Stowell 15-inch continuous mill. - Carnegie Steel-Ohio Works, Steam Engines, 912 Salt Springs Road, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH

Inferior vena cava filter insertion through the popliteal vein: enabling the percutaneous endovenous intervention of deep vein thrombosis with a single venous access approach in a single session

PubMed Central

Kim, Hyoung Ook; Kim, Jae Kyu; Park, Jin Gyoon; Yim, Nam Yeol; Kang, Yang Jun; Jung, Hye Doo

2016-01-01

PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the efficiency of placing an inferior vena cava (IVC) filter through the same popliteal vein access site used for percutaneous endovenous intervention in patients with extensive lower extremity deep vein thrombosis. METHODS This retrospective study included 21 patients who underwent IVC filter insertion through the popliteal vein over a three-year period. Patient medical records were reviewed for the location of the deep vein thrombosis, result of filter removal, and total number of endovascular procedures needed for filter insertion and recanalization of the lower extremity venous system. Follow-up lower extremity computed tomography (CT) venography was also reviewed in each patient to assess the degree of filter tilt in the IVC. RESULTS All patients had extensive lower extremity deep vein thrombosis involving the iliac vein and/or femoral vein. Seventeen patients showed deep vein thrombosis of the calf veins. In all patients, IVC filter insertion and the recanalization procedure were performed during a single procedure through the single popliteal vein access site. In the 17 patients undergoing follow-up CT, the mean tilt angle of the filter was 7.14°±4.48° in the coronal plane and 8.77°±5.49° in the sagittal plane. Filter retrieval was successful in 16 of 17 patients (94.1%) in whom filter retrieval was attempted. CONCLUSION Transpopliteal IVC filter insertion is an efficient technique that results in low rates of significant filter tilt and enables a single session procedure using a single venous access site for filter insertion and percutaneous endovenous intervention. PMID:27559713

High-resolution neutron diffraction study of microstructural changes in nanocrystalline ball-milled niobium carbide NbC{sub 0.93}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Balagurov, Anatoly M.; Bobrikov, Ivan A.; Bokuchava, Gizo D.

2015-11-15

High resolution neutron diffraction was applied for elucidating of the microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline niobium carbide NbC{sub 0.93} powders subjected to high-energy ball milling. The diffraction patterns were collected with the high resolution Fourier diffractometer HRFD by using the reverse time-of-flight (RTOF) mode of data acquisition. The traditional single diffraction line analysis, the Rietveld method and more advanced Whole Powder Pattern Modeling technique were applied for the data analysis. The comparison of these techniques was performed. It is established that short-time milling produces a non-uniform powder, in which two distinct fractions with differing microstructure can be identified. Part of themore » material is in fact milled efficiently, with a reduction in grain size, an increase in the quantity of defects, and a corresponding tendency to decarburize reaching a composition NbC{sub 0.80} after 15 h of milling. The rest of the powder is less efficiently processed and preserves its composition and lower defect content. Larger milling times should have homogenized the system by increasing the efficiently milled fraction, but the material is unable to reach a uniform and homogeneous state. It is definitely shown that RTOF neutron diffraction patterns can provide the very accurate data for microstructure analysis of nanocrystalline powders. - Highlights: • The NbC{sub 0.93} powder was processed by high-energy ball milling. • The microstrain and dislocation density increase with milling time increase. • The corresponding decrease in crystallite size with milling time was observed. • The material exhibits the presence of two fractions after ball milling. • The RTOF neutron diffraction data are suitable for accurate microstructure analysis.« less

Antisymmetric Wilson loops in N = 4 SYM beyond the planar limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordon, James

2018-01-01

We study the 1/2 -BPS circular Wilson loop in the totally antisymmetric representation of the gauge group in N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills. This observable is captured by a Gaussian matrix model with appropriate insertion. We compute the first 1 /N correction at leading order in 't Hooft coupling by means of the matrix model loop equations. Disagreement with the 1-loop effective action of the holographically dual D5-brane suggests the need to account for gravitational backreaction on the string theory side.

User's manual for tooth contact analysis of face-milled spiral bevel gears with given machine-tool settings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litvin, Faydor L.; Zhang, YI; Chen, Jui-Sheng

1991-01-01

Research was performed to develop a computer program that will: (1) simulate the meshing and bearing contact for face milled spiral beval gears with given machine tool settings; and (2) to obtain the output, some of the data is required for hydrodynamic analysis. It is assumed that the machine tool settings and the blank data will be taken from the Gleason summaries. The theoretical aspects of the program are based on 'Local Synthesis and Tooth Contact Analysis of Face Mill Milled Spiral Bevel Gears'. The difference between the computer programs developed herein and the other one is as follows: (1) the mean contact point of tooth surfaces for gears with given machine tool settings must be determined iteratively, while parameters (H and V) are changed (H represents displacement along the pinion axis, V represents the gear displacement that is perpendicular to the plane drawn through the axes of the pinion and the gear of their initial positions), this means that when V differs from zero, the axis of the pionion and the gear are crossed but not intersected; (2) in addition to the regular output data (transmission errors and bearing contact), the new computer program provides information about the contacting force for each contact point and the sliding and the so-called rolling velocity. The following topics are covered: (1) instructions for the users as to how to insert the input data; (2) explanations regarding the output data; (3) numerical example; and (4) listing of the program.

Numerical simulation study on rolling-chemical milling process of aluminum-lithium alloy skin panel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Z. B.; Sun, Z. G.; Sun, X. F.; Li, X. Q.

2017-09-01

Single curvature parts such as aircraft fuselage skin panels are usually manufactured by rolling-chemical milling process, which is usually faced with the problem of geometric accuracy caused by springback. In most cases, the methods of manual adjustment and multiple roll bending are used to control or eliminate the springback. However, these methods can cause the increase of product cost and cycle, and lead to material performance degradation. Therefore, it is of significance to precisely control the springback of rolling-chemical milling process. In this paper, using the method of experiment and numerical simulation on rolling-chemical milling process, the simulation model for rolling-chemical milling process of 2060-T8 aluminum-lithium alloy skin was established and testified by the comparison between numerical simulation and experiment results for the validity. Then, based on the numerical simulation model, the relative technological parameters which influence on the curvature of the skin panel were analyzed. Finally, the prediction of springback and the compensation can be realized by controlling the process parameters.

4D and 2D superconformal index with surface operator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakayama, Yu

2011-08-01

We study the superconformal index of the mathcal{N} = 4 super-Yang-Milles theory on S 3 × S 1 with the half BPS superconformal surface operator (defect) inserted at the great circle of S 3. The half BPS superconformal surface operators preserve the same supersymmetry as well as the symmetry of the chemical potential used in the definition of the superconformal index, so the structure and the parameterization of the superconformal index remain unaffected by the presence of the surface operator. On the surface defect, a two-dimensional (4, 4) superconformal field theory resides, and the four-dimensional super-conformal index may be regarded as a superconformal index of the two-dimensional (4, 4) superconformal field theory coupled with the four-dimensional bulk system. We construct the matrix model that computes the superconformal index with the surface operator when it couples with the bulk mathcal{N} = 4 super-Yang-Milles theory through the defect hypermultiplets on it.

Effects of Processing Parameters on the Synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 Nanopowders by Reactive High-Energy Ball Milling Method

PubMed Central

Duc Van, Nguyen

2014-01-01

The effects of ball milling parameters, namely, the ball-to-powder mass ratio and milling speed, on the synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders by high-energy ball milling method from a stoichiometric mixture containing Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Nb2O5 were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the single crystalline phase of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 was received in as-milled samples synthesized using optimized ball-to-powder mass ratio of 35 : 1 and at a milling speed of 600 rpm for 5 h. In the optimized as-milled samples, no remaining alkali carbonates that can provide the volatilizable potassium-containing species were found and (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders were readily obtained via the formation of an intermediate carbonato complex. This complex was mostly transformed into (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 at temperature as low as 350°C and its existence was no longer detected at spectroscopic level when calcination temperature crossed over 700°C. PMID:24592146

Effects of processing parameters on the synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders by reactive high-energy ball milling method.

PubMed

Nguyen, Duc Van

2014-01-01

The effects of ball milling parameters, namely, the ball-to-powder mass ratio and milling speed, on the synthesis of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders by high-energy ball milling method from a stoichiometric mixture containing Na2CO3, K2CO3, and Nb2O5 were investigated in this paper. The results indicated that the single crystalline phase of (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 was received in as-milled samples synthesized using optimized ball-to-powder mass ratio of 35 : 1 and at a milling speed of 600 rpm for 5 h. In the optimized as-milled samples, no remaining alkali carbonates that can provide the volatilizable potassium-containing species were found and (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 nanopowders were readily obtained via the formation of an intermediate carbonato complex. This complex was mostly transformed into (K0.5Na0.5)NbO3 at temperature as low as 350°C and its existence was no longer detected at spectroscopic level when calcination temperature crossed over 700°C.

Three-dimensional patterning in polymer optical waveguides using focused ion beam milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kruse, Kevin; Burrell, Derek; Middlebrook, Christopher

2016-07-01

Waveguide (WG) photonic-bridge taper modules are designed for symmetric planar coupling between silicon WGs and single-mode fibers (SMFs) to minimize photonic chip and packaging footprint requirements with improving broadband functionality. Micromachined fabrication and evaluation of polymer WG tapers utilizing high-resolution focused ion beam (FIB) milling is performed and presented. Polymer etch rates utilizing the FIB and optimal methods for milling polymer tapers are identified for three-dimensional patterning. Polymer WG tapers with low sidewall roughness are manufactured utilizing FIB milling and optically tested for fabrication loss. FIB platforms utilize a focused beam of ions (Ga+) to etch submicron patterns into substrates. Fabricating low-loss polymer WG taper prototypes with the FIB before moving on to mass-production techniques provides theoretical understanding of the polymer taper and its feasibility for connectorization devices between silicon WGs and SMFs.

8. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Simple, singlecylinder, horizontal, reciprocating ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Simple, single-cylinder, horizontal, reciprocating steam engine, model No. 1, 5' x 10', 6 hp, 175 rpm. Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. View: Steam engine powered the mill's centrifugals. It received steam from the locomotive type, fire-tube portable boiler in the background. The engine's water pump which pumped water from the feed-water clarifying cistern, in between the boiler and engine, through a pre-heat system and on to the boiler, is seen in front of the fluted cylinder. The fly-ball governor, missing its balls, the steam port, and manual throttle valve are above and behind the cylinder. The flywheel, drive shaft, and pulley are on the left side of the engine bed. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Recycle of mixed automotive plastics: A model study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woramongconchai, Somsak

This research investigated blends of virgin automotive plastics which were identified through market analysis. The intent was that this study could be used as a basis for further research in blends of automotive plastics recyclate. The effects of temperature, shear, time, and degree of mixing in a two-roll mill, a single-screw extruder, and a twin-screw extruder were investigated. Properties were evaluated in terms of melt flow, rigidity, strength, impact, heat resistance, electrical resistivity, color, and resistance to water and gasoline. Torque rheometry, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), optical and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the processability and morphology of major components of the blends. The two-roll mill was operated at high temperature, short time, and low roll speed to avoid discolored and degraded materials. The single-screw extruder and twin-screw extruder were operated at medium and high temperature and high screw speed, respectively, for optimizing head pressure, residence time, shear and degree of mixing of the materials. Melt index increased with extrusion temperature. Flexural modulus increased with the processing temperatures in milling or twin-screw extrusion, but decreased with the increasing single-screw extrusion temperature. Tensile modulus was also enhanced by increasing processing temperature. The tensile strengths for each process were similar and relatively low. The impact strength increased with temperature and roll speed in two-roll milling, was unaffected by the single-screw extrusion temperature and decreased with increasing twin-screw extrusion temperature. Heat resistance was always reduced by higher processing temperature. The volume resistivity increased, water absorption was unaffected and gasoline absorption altered by increased processing temperature. The latter increased somewhat with mill temperature, roll speed (two-roll mill) and higher extrusion temperature (single-screw extruder), but decreased with increased twin-screw extrusion temperature. The flexural modulus of the recycled mixed automotive plastics expected in 2003 was higher than the 1980s and 1990 recycle. Flexural strength effects were not large enough for serious consideration, but were more dominant when compared to those in the 1980s and 1990s. Impact strengths at 20-30 J/m were the lowest value compared to the 1980s and 1990s mixed automotive recycle. Torque rheometry, dynamic mechanical analysis and optical and electron microscopy agreed with each other on the characterization of the processability and morphology of the blends. LLDPE and HDPE were miscible while PP was partially miscible with polyethylene. ABS and nylon-6 were immiscible with the polyolefins, but partially miscible with each other. As expected, the polyurethane foam was immiscible with the other components. The minor components of the model recycle of mixed automotive materials were probably partially miscible with ABS/nylon-6, but there were multiple and unresolved phases in the major blends.

Interaction Structures for Narrow-Band Millimeter-Wave Communications TWTs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

comb would be cut from a single piece of copper, probably by a reliable but inexpensive technique such as electroerosion or "chemical milling". All...dimensional. These features would facilitate fabrication by chemical (photo-lithographic) or laser milling as well as by electroerosion with traveling...c, d) has also been implemented since this design should be more robust as well as compatible with electroerosion cutting using a traveling-wire

Synthesis and characterization of single-phase Mn-doped ZnO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chattopadhyay, S.; Dutta, S.; Banerjee, A.; Jana, D.; Bandyopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Sarkar, A.

2009-05-01

Different samples of Zn 1-xMn xO series have been prepared using conventional solid-state sintering method. We identified up to what extent doping will enable us to synthesize single-phase polycrystalline Mn-doped ZnO sample, which is one of the prerequisites for dilute magnetic semiconductor, and we have analyzed its some other physical aspects. In synthesizing the samples, proportion of Mn varies from 1 to 5 at%. However, the milling time varied (6, 12, 24, 48 and 96 h) only for 2 at% Mn-doped samples while for other samples (1, 3, 4 and 5 at% Mn doped) the milling time has been fixed to 96 h. Room-temperature X-ray diffraction (XRD) data reveal that all of the prepared samples up to 3 at% of Mn doping exhibit wurtzite-type structure, and no segregation of Mn and/or its oxides has been found. The 4 at% Mn-doped samples show a weak peak of ZnMn 2O 4 apart from the other usual peaks of ZnO and the intensity of this impurity peak has been further increased for 5 at% of Mn doping. So beyond 3 at% doping, single-phase behavior is destroyed. Band gap for all the 2 at% Mn-doped samples has been estimated to be between 3.21 and 3.19 eV and the reason for this low band gap values has been explained through the grain boundary trapping model. The room-temperature resistivity measurement shows an increase of resistivity up to 48 h of milling and with further milling it saturates. The defect state of these samples has been investigated using the positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectroscopy technique. Here all the relevant lifetime parameters of positron i.e. free annihilation ( τ1) at defect site ( τ2) and average ( τav) increases with milling time.

Biomechanical properties of wheat grains: the implications on milling.

PubMed

Hourston, James E; Ignatz, Michael; Reith, Martin; Leubner-Metzger, Gerhard; Steinbrecher, Tina

2017-01-01

Millennia of continuous innovation have driven ever increasing efficiency in the milling process. Mechanically characterizing wheat grains and discerning the structure and function of the wheat bran layers can contribute to continuing innovation. We present novel shear force and puncture force testing regimes to characterize different wheat grain cultivars. The forces endured by wheat grains during the milling process can be quantified, enabling us to measure the impact of commonly applied grain pretreatments, such as microwave heating, extended tempering, enzyme and hormone treatments on grains of different 'hardness'. Using these methods, we demonstrate the importance of short tempering phases prior to milling and identify ways in which our methods can detect differences in the maximum force, energy and breaking behaviours of hard and soft grain types. We also demonstrate for the first time, endosperm weakening in wheat, through hormone stratification on single bran layers. The modern milling process is highly refined, meaning that small, cultivar specific, adjustments can result in large increases in downstream profits. We believe that methods such as these, which enable rapid testing of milling pretreatments and material properties can help to drive an innovation process that has been core to our industrial efforts since prehistory. © 2017 The Authors.

Biomechanical properties of wheat grains: the implications on milling

PubMed Central

Reith, Martin

2017-01-01

Millennia of continuous innovation have driven ever increasing efficiency in the milling process. Mechanically characterizing wheat grains and discerning the structure and function of the wheat bran layers can contribute to continuing innovation. We present novel shear force and puncture force testing regimes to characterize different wheat grain cultivars. The forces endured by wheat grains during the milling process can be quantified, enabling us to measure the impact of commonly applied grain pretreatments, such as microwave heating, extended tempering, enzyme and hormone treatments on grains of different ‘hardness’. Using these methods, we demonstrate the importance of short tempering phases prior to milling and identify ways in which our methods can detect differences in the maximum force, energy and breaking behaviours of hard and soft grain types. We also demonstrate for the first time, endosperm weakening in wheat, through hormone stratification on single bran layers. The modern milling process is highly refined, meaning that small, cultivar specific, adjustments can result in large increases in downstream profits. We believe that methods such as these, which enable rapid testing of milling pretreatments and material properties can help to drive an innovation process that has been core to our industrial efforts since prehistory. PMID:28100826

The effect of milling time on the synthesis of Cu{sub 54}Mg{sub 22}Ti{sub 18}Ni{sub 6} alloy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kursun, C., E-mail: celalkursun@ksu.edu.tr; Gogebakan, M., E-mail: gogebakan@ksu.edu.tr

In the present work, nanocrystalline Cu{sub 54}Mg{sub 22}Ti{sub 18}Ni{sub 6} alloy was produced by mechanical alloying from mixtures of pure crystalline Cu, Mg, Ti and Ni powders using a Fritsch planetary ball mill with a ball to powder ratio of 10:1. Morphological changes, microstructural evolution and thermal behaviour of the Cu-Mg-Ti-Ni powders at different stages of milling were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray detection (SEM/EDX) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). This alloy resulted in formation of single phase solid solution with FCC structure α-Cu (Mg, Ti, Ni) after 80 h of milling. In the initialmore » stage of milling different sized and shaped elemental powders became uniform during mechanical alloying. The homogeneity of the Cu{sub 54}Mg{sub 22}Ti{sub 18}Ni{sub 6} alloy increased with increasing milling time. The EDX result also confirmed the compositional homogeneity of the powder alloy. The crystallite size of alloy was calculated below 10 nm from XRD data.« less

10. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Simple, singlecylinder, horizontal, reciprocating ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Simple, single-cylinder, horizontal, reciprocating steam engine, model No. 1, 5' x 10', 6 hp, 175 rpm. Manufactured by Ames Iron Works, Oswego, New York, 1879. View: Steam engine powered the mill's centrifugals. To the left of the horizontal (fluted) cylinder is the water pump which moved the boiler feed water through the engine's pre-heat system (the exhaust steam heated the boiler feedwater before it was pumped on to the boiler). The steam-feed port, manual throttle valve, and fly-ball governor and pulley and to the right of the cylinder. The drive shaft with flywheel to the left and pulley to the right are seen behind the piston rod, cross-head, wrist pen, connecting rod and the slide valve and eccentric. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

A novel toolpath force prediction algorithm using CAM volumetric data for optimizing robotic arthroplasty.

PubMed

Kianmajd, Babak; Carter, David; Soshi, Masakazu

2016-10-01

Robotic total hip arthroplasty is a procedure in which milling operations are performed on the femur to remove material for the insertion of a prosthetic implant. The robot performs the milling operation by following a sequential list of tool motions, also known as a toolpath, generated by a computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) software. The purpose of this paper is to explain a new toolpath force prediction algorithm that predicts cutting forces, which results in improving the quality and safety of surgical systems. With a custom macro developed in the CAM system's native application programming interface, cutting contact patch volume was extracted from CAM simulations. A time domain cutting force model was then developed through the use of a cutting force prediction algorithm. The second portion validated the algorithm by machining a hip canal in simulated bone using a CNC machine. Average cutting forces were measured during machining using a dynamometer and compared to the values predicted from CAM simulation data using the proposed method. The results showed the predicted forces matched the measured forces in both magnitude and overall pattern shape. However, due to inconsistent motion control, the time duration of the forces was slightly distorted. Nevertheless, the algorithm effectively predicted the forces throughout an entire hip canal procedure. This method provides a fast and easy technique for predicting cutting forces during orthopedic milling by utilizing data within a CAM software.

System technology for laser-assisted milling with tool integrated optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hermani, Jan-Patrick; Emonts, Michael; Brecher, Christian

2013-02-01

High strength metal alloys and ceramics offer a huge potential for increased efficiency (e. g. in engine components for aerospace or components for gas turbines). However, mass application is still hampered by cost- and time-consuming end-machining due to long processing times and high tool wear. Laser-induced heating shortly before machining can reduce the material strength and improve machinability significantly. The Fraunhofer IPT has developed and successfully realized a new approach for laser-assisted milling with spindle and tool integrated, co-rotating optics. The novel optical system inside the tool consists of one deflection prism to position the laser spot in front of the cutting insert and one focusing lens. Using a fiber laser with high beam quality the laser spot diameter can be precisely adjusted to the chip size. A high dynamic adaption of the laser power signal according to the engagement condition of the cutting tool was realized in order not to irradiate already machined work piece material. During the tool engagement the laser power is controlled in proportion to the current material removal rate, which has to be calculated continuously. The needed geometric values are generated by a CAD/CAM program and converted into a laser power signal by a real-time controller. The developed milling tool with integrated optics and the algorithm for laser power control enable a multi-axis laser-assisted machining of complex parts.

An Attachable Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Driven Wireless Sensing System Demonstrating Milling-Processes and Cutter-Wear/Breakage-Condition Monitoring.

PubMed

Chung, Tien-Kan; Yeh, Po-Chen; Lee, Hao; Lin, Cheng-Mao; Tseng, Chia-Yung; Lo, Wen-Tuan; Wang, Chieh-Min; Wang, Wen-Chin; Tu, Chi-Jen; Tasi, Pei-Yuan; Chang, Jui-Wen

2016-02-23

An attachable electromagnetic-energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system for monitoring milling-processes and cutter-wear/breakage-conditions is demonstrated. The system includes an electromagnetic energy harvester, three single-axis Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers, a wireless chip module, and corresponding circuits. The harvester consisting of magnets with a coil uses electromagnetic induction to harness mechanical energy produced by the rotating spindle in milling processes and consequently convert the harnessed energy to electrical output. The electrical output is rectified by the rectification circuit to power the accelerometers and wireless chip module. The harvester, circuits, accelerometer, and wireless chip are integrated as an energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system. Therefore, this completes a self-powered wireless vibration sensing system. For system testing, a numerical-controlled machining tool with various milling processes is used. According to the test results, the system is fully self-powered and able to successfully sense vibration in the milling processes. Furthermore, by analyzing the vibration signals (i.e., through analyzing the electrical outputs of the accelerometers), criteria are successfully established for the system for real-time accurate simulations of the milling-processes and cutter-conditions (such as cutter-wear conditions and cutter-breaking occurrence). Due to these results, our approach can be applied to most milling and other machining machines in factories to realize more smart machining technologies.

An Attachable Electromagnetic Energy Harvester Driven Wireless Sensing System Demonstrating Milling-Processes and Cutter-Wear/Breakage-Condition Monitoring

PubMed Central

Chung, Tien-Kan; Yeh, Po-Chen; Lee, Hao; Lin, Cheng-Mao; Tseng, Chia-Yung; Lo, Wen-Tuan; Wang, Chieh-Min; Wang, Wen-Chin; Tu, Chi-Jen; Tasi, Pei-Yuan; Chang, Jui-Wen

2016-01-01

An attachable electromagnetic-energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system for monitoring milling-processes and cutter-wear/breakage-conditions is demonstrated. The system includes an electromagnetic energy harvester, three single-axis Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) accelerometers, a wireless chip module, and corresponding circuits. The harvester consisting of magnets with a coil uses electromagnetic induction to harness mechanical energy produced by the rotating spindle in milling processes and consequently convert the harnessed energy to electrical output. The electrical output is rectified by the rectification circuit to power the accelerometers and wireless chip module. The harvester, circuits, accelerometer, and wireless chip are integrated as an energy-harvester driven wireless vibration-sensing system. Therefore, this completes a self-powered wireless vibration sensing system. For system testing, a numerical-controlled machining tool with various milling processes is used. According to the test results, the system is fully self-powered and able to successfully sense vibration in the milling processes. Furthermore, by analyzing the vibration signals (i.e., through analyzing the electrical outputs of the accelerometers), criteria are successfully established for the system for real-time accurate simulations of the milling-processes and cutter-conditions (such as cutter-wear conditions and cutter-breaking occurrence). Due to these results, our approach can be applied to most milling and other machining machines in factories to realize more smart machining technologies. PMID:26907297

37. DETAIL OF CYANIDE LEACHING TANK DRAIN DOOR AND PIPING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. DETAIL OF CYANIDE LEACHING TANK DRAIN DOOR AND PIPING SYSTEM. NOTE SPIGOT UNDER BOARD AT UPPER LEFT INSERTS INTO HOLE IN PIPE AT BOTTOM OF FRAME. CYANIDE SOLUTION WAS PUMPED INTO THE TANKS AND THE PREGNANT SOLUTION DRAINED OUT OF THE TANKS THROUGH THIS PIPE, AND BACK INTO A SEPARATE HOLDING TANK ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE MILL. TAILINGS WERE REMOVED FROM THE TANKS THROUGH THE ROUND DRAIN DOOR IN THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK (MISSING) SEEN AT TOP CENTER. - Skidoo Mine, Park Route 38 (Skidoo Road), Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

Comparing single-tree selection, group selection, and clearcutting for regenerating oaks and pines in the Missouri Ozarks

Treesearch

Randy G. Jensen; John M. Kabrick

2008-01-01

In the Missouri Ozarks, there is considerable concern about the effectiveness of the uneven-aged methods of single-tree selection and group selection for oak (Quercus L.) and shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) regeneration. We compared the changes in reproduction density of oaks and pine following harvesting by single-tree...

Effect of ball-milling surfactants on the interface chemistry in hot-compacted SmCo5 magnets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, WF; Sepehri-Amin, H; Zheng, LY

2012-11-01

Anisotropic SmCo5 nanoflakes prepared by high-energy ball-milling with surfactants have great potential in applications for high-performance nanocomposite magnets. For such "nanocomposite" applications, the surface structure and chemistry of nanoflakes are crucial for achieving high coercivity. In this study, hot-pressed samples from anisotropic SmCo5 nanoflakes, ball-milled with different surfactants, oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OY), were investigated. Interface layers between the SmCo5 nanoflakes were found to consist of samarium oxides and a soft magnetic Co phase. These surface layers contribute to the degradation of hard magnetic performance, which is confirmed by scanning transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of themore » cross-section of a single flake ball-milled with OA. Samples milled with OY show a much thinner interface layer in compacted samples, which means that the surface degradation during ball-milling with OY is much less than that with OA. The results show clearly that the choice of proper surfactant and the control of processing parameters are the key factors for improving the surface condition of the nanoflakes and the resulting hard magnetic properties. (C) 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.« less

Focused-ion-beam overlay-patterning of three-dimensional diamond structures for advanced single-photon properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Qianqing; Liu, Dongqi; Liu, Gangqin

2014-07-28

Sources of single photons are of fundamental importance in many applications as to provide quantum states for quantum communication and quantum information processing. Color centers in diamond are prominent candidates to generate and manipulate quantum states of light, even at room temperature. However, the efficiency of photon collection of the color centers in bulk diamond is greatly reduced by refraction at the diamond/air interface. To address this issue, diamond structuring has been investigated by various methods. Among them, focused-ion-beam (FIB) direct patterning has been recognized as the most favorable technique. But it has been noted that diamond tends to presentmore » significant challenges in FIB milling, e.g., the susceptibility of forming charging related artifacts and topographical features. In this work, periodically-positioned-rings and overlay patterning with stagger-superimposed-rings were proposed to alleviate some problems encountered in FIB milling of diamond, for improved surface morphology and shape control. Cross-scale network and uniform nanostructure arrays have been achieved in single crystalline diamond substrates. High quality diamond solid immersion lens and nanopillars were sculptured with a nitrogen-vacancy center buried at the desired position. Compared with the film counterpart, an enhancement of about ten folds in single photon collection efficiency was achieved with greatly improved signal to noise ratio. All these results indicate that FIB milling through over-lay patterning could be an effective approach to fabricate diamond structures, potentially for quantum information studies.« less

Single-phase ceramics with La 1- xSr xGa 1- yMg yO 3- δ composition from precursors obtained by mechanosynthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moure, A.; Castro, A.; Tartaj, J.; Moure, C.

Dense ceramics with La 0.80Sr 0.20Ga 0.85Mg 0.15O 2.825 and La 0.80Sr 0.15Ga 0.85Mg 0.20O 2.825 compositions have been prepared by sintering of mechanosynthesized precursors. The perovskite is synthesized after 85 h of milling in a planetary mill. Single phases have been obtained at conditions that are not possible if traditional solid-state reaction (SSR) method is used. The influence of milling time and composition in the reactivity of the precursors is studied. Highest purity is obtained in Sr = 0.15 and Mg = 0.20 composition, with relative density higher than 97%. The total elimination of typical secondary phases for these compositions, as SrLaGaO 4 and SrLaGa 3O 7, allows the total conductivity of the ceramics to be improved. The influence of the grain size and the nature of the grain boundaries on the electrical characteristic of the ceramics are also discussed.

Formation of porous surface layers in reaction bonded silicon nitride during processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaw, N. J.; Glasgow, T. K.

1979-01-01

Microstructural examination of reaction bonded silicon nitride (RBSN) has shown that there is often a region adjacent to the as-nitrided surfaces that is even more porous than the interior of this already quite porous material. Because this layer of large porosity is considered detrimental to both the strength and oxidation resistance of RBSN, a study was undertaken to determine if its formation could be prevented during processing. All test bars studied were made from a single batch of Si powder which was milled for 4 hours in heptane in a vibratory mill using high density alumina cylinders as the grinding media. After air drying the powder, bars were compacted in a single acting die and hydropressed.

ROMI-RIP: Rough mill rip-first simulator. Forest Service general technical report (Final)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thomas, R.E.

1995-07-01

The ROugh Mill Rip-First Simulator (ROMI-RIP) is a computer software package that simulates the gang-ripping of lumber. ROMI-RIP was designed to closely simulate current machines and industrial practice. This simulator allows the user to perform `what if` analyses on various gang-rip-first rough mill operations with fixed, floating outer blade and all-movable blade arbors. ROMI-RIP accepts cutting bills with up to 300 different part sizes. Plots of processed boards are easily viewed or printed. Detailed summaries of processing steps (number of rips and crosscuts) and yields (single boards or entire board files) can also be viewed of printed. ROMI-RIP requires IBMmore » personal computers with 80286 of higher processors.« less

Characterization of IS1515, a Functional Insertion Sequence in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PubMed Central

Muñoz, Rosario; López, Rubens; García, Ernesto

1998-01-01

We describe the characterization of a new insertion sequence, IS1515, identified in the genome of Streptococcus pneumoniae I41R, an unencapsulated mutant isolated many years ago (R. Austrian, H. P. Bernheimer, E. E. B. Smith, and G. T. Mills, J. Exp. Med. 110:585–602, 1959). A copy of this element located in the cap1EI41R gene was sequenced. The 871-bp-long IS1515 element possesses 12-bp perfect inverted repeats and generates a 3-bp target duplication upon insertion. The IS encodes a protein of 271 amino acid residues similar to the putative transposases of other insertion sequences, namely IS1381 from S. pneumoniae, ISL2 from Lactobacillus helveticus, IS702 from the cyanobacterium Calothrix sp. strain PCC 7601, and IS112 from Streptomyces albus G. IS1515 appears to be present in the genome of most type 1 pneumococci in a maximum of 13 copies, although it has also been found in the chromosome of pneumococcal isolates belonging to other serotypes. We have found that the unencapsulated phenotype of strain I41R is the result of both the presence of an IS1515 copy and a frameshift mutation in the cap1EI41R gene. Precise excision of the IS was observed in the type 1 encapsulated transformants isolated in experiments designed to repair the frameshift. These results reveal that IS1515 behaves quite differently from other previously described pneumococcal insertion sequences. Several copies of IS1515 were also able to excise and move to another locations in the chromosome of S. pneumoniae. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a functional IS in pneumococcus. PMID:9580131

Comparative Investigation on Tool Wear during End Milling of AISI H13 Steel with Different Tool Path Strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adesta, Erry Yulian T.; Riza, Muhammad; Avicena

2018-03-01

Tool wear prediction plays a significant role in machining industry for proper planning and control machining parameters and optimization of cutting conditions. This paper aims to investigate the effect of tool path strategies that are contour-in and zigzag tool path strategies applied on tool wear during pocket milling process. The experiments were carried out on CNC vertical machining centre by involving PVD coated carbide inserts. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were set to vary. In an experiment with three factors at three levels, Response Surface Method (RSM) design of experiment with a standard called Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed. Results obtained indicate that tool wear increases significantly at higher range of feed per tooth compared to cutting speed and depth of cut. This result of this experimental work is then proven statistically by developing empirical model. The prediction model for the response variable of tool wear for contour-in strategy developed in this research shows a good agreement with experimental work.

Integrating 3D facial scanning in a digital workflow to CAD/CAM design and fabricate complete dentures for immediate total mouth rehabilitation

PubMed Central

Greven, Marcus; Wismeijer, Daniel

2017-01-01

PURPOSE To integrate extra-oral facial scanning information with CAD/CAM complete dentures to immediately rehabilitate terminal dentition. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten patients with terminal dentition scheduled for total extraction and immediate denture placement were recruited for this study. The patients were submitted to a facial scanning procedure using the in-office PritiMirror scanner with bite registration records in-situ. Definitive stone cast models and bite records were subsequently submitted to a lab scanning procedure using the lab scanner (iSeries DWOS; Dental Wings). The scanned models were used to create a virtual teeth setup of a complete denture. Using the intra-oral bite records as a reference, the virtual setup was incorporated in the facial scan thereby facilitating a virtual clinical evaluation (teeth try-in) phase. After applying necessary adjustments, the virtual setup was submitted to a CAM procedure where a 5-axis industrial milling machine (M7 CNC; Darton AG General) was used to fabricate a full-milled PMMA immediate provisional prosthesis. RESULTS Total extractions were performed, the dentures were immediately inserted, and subjective clinical fit was evaluated. The immediate provisional prostheses were inserted and clinical fit, occlusion/articulation, and esthetics were subjectively assessed; the results were deemed satisfactory. All provisional prostheses remained three months in function with no notable technical complications. CONCLUSION Ten patients with terminal dentition were treated using a complete digital approach to fabricate complete dentures using CAD/CAM technology. The proposed technique has the potential to accelerate the rehabilitation procedure starting from immediate denture to final implant-supported prosthesis leading to more predictable functional and aesthetics outcomes. PMID:29142646

The top 200! : big production numbers in 2005, such as those posted by the Hampton Affiliates sawmill in Willamina, Ore., may be tamed in 2006

Treesearch

Henry Spelter

2006-01-01

The Hampton Affiliates sawmill in Willamina, Ore. again tops the list for output by a single U.S. mill for 2005. Its 486 MMBF not only outdid some 660 other significant US. sawmills, but also its own production of 473 million in 2004. Only a few mills in British Columbia and Germany are in this volume range. This marks the fourth consecutive year that Hampton’s...

Restoration of unfavorably positioned implants for a partially endentulous patient by using an overdenture retained with a milled bar and attachments: a clinical report.

PubMed

Asvanund, Chanavut; Morgano, Steven M

2004-01-01

The restorative dentist may encounter patients with previously placed misaligned implants that are well integrated. Often, these patients have deficient alveolar ridge contour further complicating treatment options. This clinical report describes a treatment approach for a partially edentulous patient with unfavorably positioned implants that incorporated: (1) an implant-supported milled bar with a removable, metal-acrylic resin, partial overdenture, (2) implant-supported single crowns, and (3) crowns retained by natural teeth.

Research on the Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Chemical Milling Wastewater with Fenton Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zong-liang, Huang; Ru, Li; Peng, Luo; Jun-li, Gu

2018-03-01

The aluminum alloy chemical milling wastewater was treated by Fenton method. The effect of pH value, reaction time, rotational speed, H2O2 dosage, Fe2+ dosage and the molar ratio between H2O2 and Fe2+ on the COD removal rate of aluminum alloy chemical milling wastewater were investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions for Fenton oxidation were as follows: the initial pH value was 3, the rotational speed was 250r/min, the molar ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ was 8, the reaction time was 90 min. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of the wastewater’s COD is about 72.36%. In the reaction kinetics that aluminum alloy chemical milling wastewater was oxidized and degraded by Fenton method under the optimum conditions, the reaction sequence of the initial COD was 0.8204.

Preparation of Cu2ZnSnS4 nano-crystalline powder by mechano-chemical method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alirezazadeh, Farzaneh; Sheibani, Saeed; Rashchi, Fereshteh

2018-01-01

Copper zinc tin sulfide (Cu2ZnSnS4, CZTS) is one of the most promising ceramic materials as an absorber layer in solar cells due to its suitable band gap, high absorption coefficient and non-toxic and environmental friendly constituent elements. In this work, nano-crystalline CZTS powder was synthesized by mechanical milling. Elemental powders of Cu, Zn, Sn and were mixed in atomic ratio of 2:1:1:4 according to the stoichiometry of Cu2ZnSnS4 and then milled in a planetary high energy ball mill under argon atmosphere. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and diffusion reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). XRD results confirm the formation of single-phase CZTS with kesterite structure after 20 h of milling. Also, the mean crystallite size was about 35 nm. SEM results show that after 20 h of milling, the product has a relatively uniform particle size distribution. Optical properties of the product indicate that the band gap of prepared CZTS is 1.6 eV which is near to the optimum value for photovoltaic solar cells showing as a light absorber material in solar energy applications.

Effect of ball milling and heat treatment process on MnBi powders magnetic properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xie, Wei; Polikarpov, Evgueni; Choi, Jung-Pyung

The metallic compound MnBi has high intrinsic coercivity with large positive temperature coefficient. The coercivity of MnBi exceeds 12 kOe and 26 kOe at 300 K and 523 K, respectively. Hence MnBi is a good candidate for the hard phase in exchange coupled nanocomposite magnets. In order to maximize the loading of the soft phase, the size of the MnBi particle has to be close to 500 nm, the size of single magnetic domain. Low energy milling is the common method to reduce MnBi particle size. However, only 3-7 mu m size particle can be achieved without significant decomposition. Here,more » we report our effort on preparing submicron MnBi powders using traditional powder metallurgy methods. Mn55Bi45 magnetic powders were prepared using arc melting method, followed by a series of thermal-mechanical treatment to improve purity, and finished with low energy ball milling at cryogenic temperature to achieve submicron particle size. The Mn55Bi45 powders were decomposed during ball milling process and recovered during 24 h 290 degrees C annealing process. With increasing ball-milling time, the saturation magnetization of MnBi decreases, while the coercivity increases. Annealing after ball milling recovers some of the magnetization, indicating the decomposition occurred during the ball-milling process can be reversed. The coercivity of Mn55Bi45 powders are also improved as a result of the heat treatment at 290 degrees C for 24 h. The world record magnetization 71.2 emu/g measured applying a field of 23 kOe has been achieved via low energy ball mill at room temperature« less

Single-step generation of gene knockout-rescue system in pluripotent stem cells by promoter insertion with CRISPR/Cas9.

PubMed

Matsunaga, Taichi; Yamashita, Jun K

2014-02-07

Specific gene knockout and rescue experiments are powerful tools in developmental and stem cell biology. Nevertheless, the experiments require multiple steps of molecular manipulation for gene knockout and subsequent rescue procedures. Here we report an efficient and single step strategy to generate gene knockout-rescue system in pluripotent stem cells by promoter insertion with CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology. We inserted a tetracycline-regulated inducible gene promoter (tet-OFF/TRE-CMV) upstream of the endogenous promoter region of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2/Flk1) gene, an essential gene for endothelial cell (EC) differentiation, in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) with homologous recombination. Both homo- and hetero-inserted clones were efficiently obtained through a simple selection with a drug-resistant gene. The insertion of TRE-CMV promoter disrupted endogenous Flk1 expression, resulting in null mutation in homo-inserted clones. When the inserted TRE-CMV promoter was activated with doxycycline (Dox) depletion, Flk1 expression was sufficiently recovered from the downstream genomic Flk1 gene. Whereas EC differentiation was almost completely perturbed in homo-inserted clones, Flk1 rescue with TRE-CMV promoter activation restored EC appearance, indicating that phenotypic changes in EC differentiation can be successfully reproduced with this knockout-rescue system. Thus, this promoter insertion strategy with CRISPR/Cas9 would be a novel attractive method for knockout-rescue experiments. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Single-row versus double-row capsulolabral repair: a comparative evaluation of contact pressure and surface area in the capsulolabral complex-glenoid bone interface.

PubMed

Kim, Doo-Sup; Yoon, Yeo-Seung; Chung, Hoi-Jeong

2011-07-01

Despite the attention that has been paid to restoration of the capsulolabral complex anatomic insertion onto the glenoid, studies comparing the pressurized contact area and mean interface pressure at the anatomic insertion site between a single-row repair and a double-row labral repair have been uncommon. The purpose of our study was to compare the mean interface pressure and pressurized contact area at the anatomic insertion site of the capsulolabral complex between a single-row repair and a double-row repair technique. Controlled laboratory study. Thirty fresh-frozen cadaveric shoulders (mean age, 61 ± 8 years; range, 48-71 years) were used for this study. Two types of repair were performed on each specimen: (1) a single-row repair and (2) a double-row repair. Using pressure-sensitive films, we examined the interface contact area and contact pressure. The mean interface pressure was greater for the double-row repair technique (0.29 ± 0.04 MPa) when compared with the single-row repair technique (0.21 ± 0.03 MPa) (P = .003). The mean pressurized contact area was also significantly greater for the double-row repair technique (211.8 ± 18.6 mm(2), 78.4% footprint) compared with the single-row repair technique (106.4 ± 16.8 mm(2), 39.4% footprint) (P = .001). The double-row repair has significantly greater mean interface pressure and pressurized contact area at the insertion site of the capsulolabral complex than the single-row repair. The double-row repair may be advantageous compared with the single-row repair in restoring the native footprint area of the capsulolabral complex.

Many P-Element Insertions Affect Wing Shape in Drosophila melanogaster

PubMed Central

Weber, Kenneth; Johnson, Nancy; Champlin, David; Patty, April

2005-01-01

A screen of random, autosomal, homozygous-viable P-element insertions in D. melanogaster found small effects on wing shape in 11 of 50 lines. The effects were due to single insertions and remained stable and significant for over 5 years, in repeated, high-resolution measurements. All 11 insertions were within or near protein-coding transcription units, none of which were previously known to affect wing shape. Many sites in the genome can affect wing shape. PMID:15545659

Many P-element insertions affect wing shape in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Weber, Kenneth; Johnson, Nancy; Champlin, David; Patty, April

2005-03-01

A screen of random, autosomal, homozygous-viable P-element insertions in D. melanogaster found small effects on wing shape in 11 of 50 lines. The effects were due to single insertions and remained stable and significant for over 5 years, in repeated, high-resolution measurements. All 11 insertions were within or near protein-coding transcription units, none of which were previously known to affect wing shape. Many sites in the genome can affect wing shape.

Structural and magnetic characteristics of PVA/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nano-composites prepared via mechanical alloying method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rashidi, S.; Ataie, A., E-mail: aataie@ut.ac.ir

Highlights: • Single phase CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} nano-particles synthesized in one step by mechanical alloying. • PVA/CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} magnetic nano-composites were fabricated via mechanical milling. • FTIR confirmed the interaction between PVA and magnetic CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4} particles. • Increasing in milling time and PVA amount led to well dispersion of CoFe{sub 2}O{sub 4}. - Abstract: In this research, polyvinyl alcohol/cobalt ferrite nano-composites were successfully synthesized employing a two-step procedure: the spherical single-phase cobalt ferrite of 20 ± 4 nm mean particle size was synthesized via mechanical alloying method and then embedded into polymer matrix by intensive milling. Themore » results revealed that increase in polyvinyl alcohol content and milling time causes cobalt ferrite particles disperse more homogeneously in polymer matrix, while the mean particle size and shape of cobalt ferrite have not been significantly affected. Transmission electron microscope images indicated that polyvinyl alcohol chains have surrounded the cobalt ferrite nano-particles; also, the interaction between polymer and cobalt ferrite particles in nano-composite samples was confirmed. Magnetic properties evaluation showed that saturation magnetization, coercivity and anisotropy constant values decreased in nano-composite samples compared to pure cobalt ferrite. However, the coercivity values of related nano-composite samples enhanced by increasing PVA amount due to domain wall mechanism.« less

Sequential cooling insert for turbine stator vane

DOEpatents

Jones, Russel B

2017-04-04

A sequential flow cooling insert for a turbine stator vane of a small gas turbine engine, where the impingement cooling insert is formed as a single piece from a metal additive manufacturing process such as 3D metal printing, and where the insert includes a plurality of rows of radial extending impingement cooling air holes alternating with rows of radial extending return air holes on a pressure side wall, and where the insert includes a plurality of rows of chordwise extending second impingement cooling air holes on a suction side wall. The insert includes alternating rows of radial extending cooling air supply channels and return air channels that form a series of impingement cooling on the pressure side followed by the suction side of the insert.

Effect of insertion torque on bone screw pullout strength.

PubMed

Lawson, K J; Brems, J

2001-05-01

The effect of insertion torque on the holding strength of 4.5-mm ASIF/AO cortical bone screws was studied in vitro. Screw holding strength was determined using an Instron materials testing machine (Bristol, United Kingdom) on 55 lamb femora and 30 human tibiocortical bone sections. Holding strength was defined as tensile stress at pullout with rapid loading to construct failure. Different insertion torques were tested, normalizing to the thickness of cortical bone specimen engaged. These represented low, intermediate, high, and thread-damaging insertion torque. All screws inserted with thread-damaging torque and single cortex engaging screws inserted to high torque tightening moments showed diminished holding strength. This loss of strength amounted to 40%-50% less than screws inserted with less torque.

Rapid fabrication of miniature lens arrays by four-axis single point diamond machining

PubMed Central

McCall, Brian; Tkaczyk, Tomasz S.

2013-01-01

A novel method for fabricating lens arrays and other non-rotationally symmetric free-form optics is presented. This is a diamond machining technique using 4 controlled axes of motion – X, Y, Z, and C. As in 3-axis diamond micro-milling, a diamond ball endmill is mounted to the work spindle of a 4-axis ultra-precision computer numerical control (CNC) machine. Unlike 3-axis micro-milling, the C-axis is used to hold the cutting edge of the tool in contact with the lens surface for the entire cut. This allows the feed rates to be doubled compared to the current state of the art of micro-milling while producing an optically smooth surface with very low surface form error and exceptionally low radius error. PMID:23481813

EUVL back-insertion layout optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Civay, D.; Laffosse, E.; Chesneau, A.

2018-03-01

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is targeted for front-up insertion at advanced technology nodes but will be evaluated for back insertion at more mature nodes. EUVL can put two or more mask levels back on one mask, depending upon what level(s) in the process insertion occurs. In this paper, layout optimization methods are discussed that can be implemented when EUVL back insertion is implemented. The layout optimizations can be focused on improving yield, reliability or density, depending upon the design needs. The proposed methodology modifies the original two or more colored layers and generates an optimized single color EUVL layout design.

Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis of the Adaptation of Single-Unit Screw-Retained Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacture Abutments After Mechanical Cycling.

PubMed

Markarian, Roberto Adrian; Galles, Deborah Pedroso; Gomes França, Fabiana Mantovani

To measure the microgap between dental implants and custom abutments fabricated using different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) methods before and after mechanical cycling. CAD software (Dental System, 3Shape) was used to design a custom abutment for a single-unit, screw-retained crown compatible with a 4.1-mm external hexagon dental implant. The resulting stereolithography file was sent for manufacturing using four CAD/CAM methods (n = 40): milling and sintering of zirconium dioxide (ZO group), cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) sintered via selective laser melting (SLM group), fully sintered machined Co-Cr alloy (MM group), and machined and sintered agglutinated Co-Cr alloy powder (AM group). Prefabricated titanium abutments (TI group) were used as controls. Each abutment was placed on a dental implant measuring 4.1× 11 mm (SA411, SIN) inserted into an aluminum block. Measurements were taken using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (×4,000) on four regions of the implant-abutment interface (IAI) and at a relative distance of 90 degrees from each other. The specimens were mechanically aged (1 million cycles, 2 Hz, 100 N, 37°C) and the IAI width was measured again using the same approach. Data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test. After mechanical cycling, the best adaptation results were obtained from the TI (2.29 ± 1.13 μm), AM (3.58 ± 1.80 μm), and MM (1.89 ± 0.98 μm) groups. A significantly worse adaptation outcome was observed for the SLM (18.40 ± 20.78 μm) and ZO (10.42 ± 0.80 μm) groups. Mechanical cycling had a marked effect only on the AM specimens, which significantly increased the microgap at the IAI. Custom abutments fabricated using fully sintered machined Co-Cr alloy and machined and sintered agglutinated Co-Cr alloy powder demonstrated the best adaptation results at the IAI, similar to those obtained with commercial prefabricated titanium abutments after mechanical cycling. The adaptation of custom abutments made by means of SLM or milling and sintering of zirconium dioxide were worse both before and after mechanical cycling.

Rapid and precise scanning helium ion microscope milling of solid-state nanopores for biomolecule detection.

PubMed

Yang, Jijin; Ferranti, David C; Stern, Lewis A; Sanford, Colin A; Huang, Jason; Ren, Zheng; Qin, Lu-Chang; Hall, Adam R

2011-07-15

We report the formation of solid-state nanopores using a scanning helium ion microscope. The fabrication process offers the advantage of high sample throughput along with fine control over nanopore dimensions, producing single pores with diameters below 4 nm. Electronic noise associated with ion transport through the resultant pores is found to be comparable with levels measured on devices made with the established technique of transmission electron microscope milling. We demonstrate the utility of our nanopores for biomolecular analysis by measuring the passage of double-strand DNA.

HangOut: generating clean PSI-BLAST profiles for domains with long insertions.

PubMed

Kim, Bong-Hyun; Cong, Qian; Grishin, Nick V

2010-06-15

Profile-based similarity search is an essential step in structure-function studies of proteins. However, inclusion of non-homologous sequence segments into a profile causes its corruption and results in false positives. Profile corruption is common in multidomain proteins, and single domains with long insertions are a significant source of errors. We developed a procedure (HangOut) that, for a single domain with specified insertion position, cleans erroneously extended PSI-BLAST alignments to generate better profiles. HangOut is implemented in Python 2.3 and runs on all Unix-compatible platforms. The source code is available under the GNU GPL license at http://prodata.swmed.edu/HangOut/. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

The P gene of bovine parainfluenza virus 3 expresses all three reading frames from a single mRNA editing site.

PubMed Central

Pelet, T; Curran, J; Kolakofsky, D

1991-01-01

The P gene of bovine parainfluenza virus 3 (bPIV3) contains two downstream overlapping ORFs, called V and D. By comparison with the mRNA editing sites of other paramyxoviruses, two editing sites were predicted for bPIV3; site a to express the D protein, and site b to express the V protein. Examination of the bPIV3 mRNAs, however, indicates that site b is non-functional whereas site a operates frequently. Insertions at site a give rise to both V and D protein mRNAs, because a very broad distribution of Gs is added when insertions occur. This broad distribution is very different from the editing sites of Sendai virus or SV5, where predominantly one form of edited mRNA containing either a one or two G insertion respectively is created, to access the single overlapping ORF of these viruses. A model is proposed to explain how paramyxoviruses control the range of G insertions on that fraction of the mRNAs where insertions occur. The bPIV3 P gene is unique as far as we know, in that a sizeable portion of the gene expresses all 3 reading frames as protein. bPIV3 apparently does this from a single editing site by removing the constraints which control the number of slippage rounds which take place. Images PMID:1846805

Milled cereal straw accelerates earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris) growth more than selected organic amendments.

PubMed

Sizmur, Tom; Martin, Elodie; Wagner, Kevin; Parmentier, Emilie; Watts, Chris; Whitmore, Andrew P

2017-05-01

Earthworms benefit agriculture by providing several ecosystem services. Therefore, strategies to increase earthworm abundance and activity in agricultural soils should be identified, and encouraged. Lumbricus terrestris earthworms primarily feed on organic inputs to soils but it is not known which organic amendments are the most effective for increasing earthworm populations. We conducted earthworm surveys in the field and carried out experiments in single-earthworm microcosms to determine the optimum food source for increasing earthworm biomass using a selection of crop residues and organic wastes available to agriculture. We found that although farmyard manure increased earthworm populations more than cereal straw in the field, straw increased earthworm biomass more than manures when milled and applied to microcosms. Earthworm growth rates were positively correlated with the calorific value of the amendment and straw had a much higher calorific value than farmyard manure, greenwaste compost, or anaerobic digestate. Reducing the particle size of straw by milling to <3 mm made the energy in the straw more accessible to earthworms. The benefits and barriers to applying milled straw to arable soils in the field are discussed.

Optimize Operating Conditions on Fine Particle Grinding Process with Vertically Stirred Media Mill

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Yang; Rowson, Neil; Ingram, Andy

2016-11-01

Stirred media mill recently is commonly utilized among mining process due to its high stressing intensity and efficiency. However, the relationship between size reduction and flow pattern within the mixing pot is still not fully understand. Thus, this work investigates fine particle grinding process within vertically stirred media mills by altering stirrer geometry, tip speed and solids loading. Positron Emitting Particle Tracking (PEPT) technology is utilized to plot routine of particles velocity map. By tacking trajectory of a single particle movement within the mixing vessel, the overall flow pattern is possible to be plotted. Ground calcium carbonate, a main product of Imerys, is chosen as feeding material (feed size D80 30um) mixed with water to form high viscous suspension. To obtain fine size product (normally D80 approximately 2um), large amount of energy is drawn by grinding mill to break particles through impact, shear attrition or compression or a combination of them. The results indicate higher energy efficient is obtained with more dilute suspension. The optimized stirrer proves more energy-saving performance by altering the slurry circulate. Imerys Minerals Limited.

Mechanically Induced Graphite-Nanodiamonds-Phase Transformations During High-Energy Ball Milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Eskandarany, M. Sherif

2017-05-01

Due to their unusual mechanical, chemical, physical, optical, and biological properties, nearly spherical-like nanodiamonds have received much attention as desirable advanced nanomaterials for use in a wide spectrum of applications. Although, nanodiamonds can be successfully synthesized by several approaches, applications of high temperature and/or high pressure may restrict the real applications of such strategic nanomaterials. Distinct from the current preparation approaches used for nanodiamonds preparation, here we show a new process for preparing ultrafine nanodiamonds (3-5 nm) embedded in a homogeneous amorphous-carbon matrix. Our process started from high-energy ball milling of commercial graphite powders at ambient temperature under normal atmospheric helium gas pressure. The results have demonstrated graphite-single wall carbon nanotubes-amorphous-carbon-nanodiamonds phase transformations carried out through three subsequent stages of ball milling. Based on XRD and RAMAN analyses, the percentage of nanodiamond phase + C60 (crystalline phase) produced by ball milling was approximately 81%, while the amorphous phase amount was 19%. The pressure generated on the powder together the with temperature increase upon the ball-powder-ball collision is responsible for the phase transformations occurring in graphite powders.

Insertion of linear 8.4 μm diameter 16 channel carbon fiber electrode arrays for single unit recordings

PubMed Central

Patel, Paras R.; Na, Kyounghwan; Zhang, Huanan; Kozai, Takashi D. Y.; Kotov, Nicholas A.; Yoon, Euisik; Chestek, Cynthia A.

2016-01-01

Objective Single carbon fiber electrodes (d=8.4 μm) insulated with parylene-c and functionalized with PEDOT:pTS have been shown to record single unit activity but manual implantation of these devices with forceps can be difficult. Without an improvement in the insertion method any increase in the channel count by fabricating carbon fiber arrays would be impractical. In this study, we utilize a water soluble coating and structural backbones that allow us to create, implant, and record from fully functionalized arrays of carbon fibers with ~150 μm pitch. Approach Two approaches were tested for the insertion of carbon fiber arrays. The first method used a PEG coating that temporarily stiffened the fibers while leaving a small portion at the tip exposed. The small exposed portion (500 μm – 1 mm) readily penetrated the brain allowing for an insertion that did not require the handling of each fiber by forceps. The second method involved the fabrication of silicon support structures with individual shanks spaced 150 μm apart. Each shank consisted of a small groove that held an individual carbon fiber. Main results Our results showed that the PEG coating allowed for the chronic implantation of carbon fiber arrays in 5 rats with unit activity detected at 31 days post-implant. The silicon support structures recorded single unit activity in 3 acute rat surgeries. In one of those surgeries a stacked device with 3 layers of silicon support structures and carbon fibers was built and shown to readily insert into the brain with unit activity on select sites. Significance From these studies we have found that carbon fibers spaced at ~150 μm readily insert into the brain. This greatly increases the recording density of chronic neural probes and paves the way for even higher density devices that have a minimal scarring response. PMID:26035638

[Brief introduction of acupuncture needling and teaching keypoint].

PubMed

Hou, Shu-wei; Guo, Li; Kong, Su-ping

2014-09-01

We summarized our accumulated clinical and teaching experiences and explored the regularity of acupuncture needling and teaching. It is of great importance in pressing hand during inserting needle. Stroking and pressing are two crucial parts which deserve more attention, and seldom useage of pressing hand should be abolished. Operating hand needs practice before inserting needle, while it should fully relaxed during inserting. Blending "touching", "stretch" "gathering" "erupting" and "advancing" in single moment, applying appropriate dynamic mode of inserting needle such as "join 3 forces as one" "3 points in a line" expertly and naturally. In addition, enough attention should be paid on "altering direction" and "shifting point". Inserting deftly and powerfully, no/slight sensation, deqi when inserting needle are the highest reflection as an acupuncturist.

Implementation of design of experiments approach for the micronization of a drug with a high brittle-ductile transition particle diameter.

PubMed

Yazdi, Ashkan K; Smyth, Hugh D C

2017-03-01

To optimize air-jet milling conditions of ibuprofen (IBU) using design of experiment (DoE) method, and to test the generalizability of the optimized conditions for the processing of another non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Bulk IBU was micronized using an Aljet mill according to a circumscribed central composite (CCC) design with grinding and pushing nozzle pressures (GrindP, PushP) varying from 20 to 110 psi. Output variables included yield and particle diameters at the 50th and 90th percentile (D 50 , D 90 ). Following data analysis, the optimized conditions were identified and tested to produce IBU particles with a minimum size and an acceptable yield. Finally, indomethacin (IND) was milled using the optimized conditions as well as the control. CCC design included eight successful runs for milling IBU from the ten total runs due to powder "blowback" from the feed hopper. DoE analysis allowed the optimization of the GrindP and PushP at 75 and 65 psi. In subsequent validation experiments using the optimized conditions, the experimental D 50 and D 90 values (1.9 and 3.6 μm) corresponded closely with the DoE modeling predicted values. Additionally, the optimized conditions were superior over the control conditions for the micronization of IND where smaller D 50 and D 90 values (1.2 and 2.7 μm vs. 1.8 and 4.4 μm) were produced. The optimization of a single-step air-jet milling of IBU using the DoE approach elucidated the optimal milling conditions, which were used to micronize IND using the optimized milling conditions.

Uranium Mines and Mills Location Database

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA has compiled mine location information from federal, state, and Tribal agencies into a single database as part of its investigation into the potential environmental hazards of wastes from abandoned uranium mines in the western United States.

Recombining overlapping BACs into a single larger BAC.

PubMed

Kotzamanis, George; Huxley, Clare

2004-01-06

BAC clones containing entire mammalian genes including all the transcribed region and long range controlling elements are very useful for functional analysis. Sequenced BACs are available for most of the human and mouse genomes and in many cases these contain intact genes. However, large genes often span more than one BAC, and single BACs covering the entire region of interest are not available. Here we describe a system for linking two or more overlapping BACs into a single clone by homologous recombination. The method was used to link a 61-kb insert carrying the final 5 exons of the human CFTR gene onto a 160-kb BAC carrying the first 22 exons. Two rounds of homologous recombination were carried out in the EL350 strain of bacteria which can be induced for the Red genes. In the first round, the inserts of the two overlapping BACs were subcloned into modified BAC vectors using homologous recombination. In the second round, the BAC to be added was linearised with the very rare-cutting enzyme I-PpoI and electroporated into recombination efficient EL350 bacteria carrying the other BAC. Recombined BACs were identified by antibiotic selection and PCR screening and 10% of clones contained the correctly recombined 220-kb BAC. The system can be used to link the inserts from any overlapping BAC or PAC clones. The original orientation of the inserts is not important and desired regions of the inserts can be selected. The size limit for the fragments recombined may be larger than the 61 kb used here and multiple BACs in a contig could be combined by alternating use of the two pBACLink vectors. This system should be of use to many investigators wishing to carry out functional analysis on large mammalian genes which are not available in single BAC clones.

A subtraction scheme for computing QCD jet cross sections at NNLO: integrating the iterated singly-unresolved subtraction terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolzoni, Paolo; Somogyi, Gábor; Trócsányi, Zoltán

2011-01-01

We perform the integration of all iterated singly-unresolved subtraction terms, as defined in ref. [1], over the two-particle factorized phase space. We also sum over the unresolved parton flavours. The final result can be written as a convolution (in colour space) of the Born cross section and an insertion operator. We spell out the insertion operator in terms of 24 basic integrals that are defined explicitly. We compute the coefficients of the Laurent expansion of these integrals in two different ways, with the method of Mellin-Barnes representations and sector decomposition. Finally, we present the Laurent-expansion of the full insertion operator for the specific examples of electron-positron annihilation into two and three jets.

Insertional Mutagenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Gene Editing in Cells Targeted for Point Mutation Repair Directed by Short Single-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotides.

PubMed

Rivera-Torres, Natalia; Banas, Kelly; Bialk, Pawel; Bloh, Kevin M; Kmiec, Eric B

2017-01-01

CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODNs) have been used to direct the repair of a single base mutation in human genes. Here, we examine a method designed to increase the precision of RNA guided genome editing in human cells by utilizing a CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex to initiate DNA cleavage. The RNP is assembled in vitro and induces a double stranded break at a specific site surrounding the mutant base designated for correction by the ssODN. We use an integrated mutant eGFP gene, bearing a single base change rendering the expressed protein nonfunctional, as a single copy target in HCT 116 cells. We observe significant gene correction activity of the mutant base, promoted by the RNP and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide with validation through genotypic and phenotypic readout. We demonstrate that all individual components must be present to obtain successful gene editing. Importantly, we examine the genotype of individually sorted corrected and uncorrected clonally expanded cell populations for the mutagenic footprint left by the action of these gene editing tools. While the DNA sequence of the corrected population is exact with no adjacent sequence modification, the uncorrected population exhibits heterogeneous mutagenicity with a wide variety of deletions and insertions surrounding the target site. We designate this type of DNA aberration as on-site mutagenicity. Analyses of two clonal populations bearing specific DNA insertions surrounding the target site, indicate that point mutation repair has occurred at the level of the gene. The phenotype, however, is not rescued because a section of the single-stranded oligonucleotide has been inserted altering the reading frame and generating truncated proteins. These data illustrate the importance of analysing mutagenicity in uncorrected cells. Our results also form the basis of a simple model for point mutation repair directed by a short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex.

Insertional Mutagenesis by CRISPR/Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein Gene Editing in Cells Targeted for Point Mutation Repair Directed by Short Single-Stranded DNA Oligonucleotides

PubMed Central

Rivera-Torres, Natalia; Bialk, Pawel; Bloh, Kevin M.; Kmiec, Eric B.

2017-01-01

CRISPR/Cas9 and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides (ssODNs) have been used to direct the repair of a single base mutation in human genes. Here, we examine a method designed to increase the precision of RNA guided genome editing in human cells by utilizing a CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex to initiate DNA cleavage. The RNP is assembled in vitro and induces a double stranded break at a specific site surrounding the mutant base designated for correction by the ssODN. We use an integrated mutant eGFP gene, bearing a single base change rendering the expressed protein nonfunctional, as a single copy target in HCT 116 cells. We observe significant gene correction activity of the mutant base, promoted by the RNP and single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide with validation through genotypic and phenotypic readout. We demonstrate that all individual components must be present to obtain successful gene editing. Importantly, we examine the genotype of individually sorted corrected and uncorrected clonally expanded cell populations for the mutagenic footprint left by the action of these gene editing tools. While the DNA sequence of the corrected population is exact with no adjacent sequence modification, the uncorrected population exhibits heterogeneous mutagenicity with a wide variety of deletions and insertions surrounding the target site. We designate this type of DNA aberration as on-site mutagenicity. Analyses of two clonal populations bearing specific DNA insertions surrounding the target site, indicate that point mutation repair has occurred at the level of the gene. The phenotype, however, is not rescued because a section of the single-stranded oligonucleotide has been inserted altering the reading frame and generating truncated proteins. These data illustrate the importance of analysing mutagenicity in uncorrected cells. Our results also form the basis of a simple model for point mutation repair directed by a short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides and CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein complex. PMID:28052104

Effects of understory prescribed burning on shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.)/mixed-hardwood forests

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; James M. Vose

2005-01-01

We examined the effects of a single dormant season fire on overstory and understory species diversity and composition and tree seedling regeneration patterns the first and second years following a prescribed burn in the Conasauga River Watershed of southeastern Tennessee and northern Georgia. We asked: Can a single dormant season fire initiate a trajectory of overstory...

Double layered tailorable advanced blanket insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Falstrup, D.

1983-01-01

An advanced flexible reusable surface insulation material for future space shuttle flights was investigated. A conventional fly shuttle loom with special modifications to weave an integral double layer triangular core fabric from quartz yarn was used. Two types of insulating material were inserted into the cells of the fabric, and a procedure to accomplish this was developed. The program is follow up of a program in which single layer rectangular cell core fabrics are woven and a single type of insulating material was inserted into the cells.

Observation of martensitic transformation in Ni50Mn41Cu4Sn5 Heusler alloy prepared by mechanical alloying

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saini, Dinesh; Singh, Satyavir; Banerjee, M. K.; Sachdev, K.

2017-05-01

Mechanical alloying route has been employed for preparation of a single phase Ni50Mn41Cu4Sn5 (atomic %) Heusler alloy. Use of high energy planetary ball mill enables successful preparation of the same as authenticated by detailed X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Microstructural study is carried out by optical and scanning electron microscopic techniques. XRD results reveal that increasing milling time leads to reduction in crystallite size and concurrent increase in lattice strain. Microstructural results indicate formation of self-assembled martensite twins.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pal, Bappaditya, E-mail: b.pal@iitg.ernet.in; Sarkar, D.; Giri, P. K.

We report on the room temperature ferromagnetism (RT FM) in the Zn{sub 1−x}Ni{sub x}O (x = 0, 0.03, and 0.05) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by a ball milling technique. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the single crystalline ZnO wurtzite structure with presence of small intensity secondary phase related peak which disappear with increasing milling time for Ni doped samples. HRTEM lattice images show that the doped NPs are single crystalline with a dspacing of 2.44 Å. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of Ni ions in the ZnO matrix. Magnetic measurement (RT) exhibits the hysteresis loop with saturation magnetization (M{sub s})more » of 1.6–2.56 (emu/g) and coercive field (H{sub c}) of 296–322 Oe. M-T measurement shows a Curie temperature of the order of 325°C for 3% Ni doped sample. Micro -Raman studies show doping/disorder induced additional modes at ∼510, 547, 572 cm{sup −1} in addition to 437 cm{sup −1} peak of pure ZnO. UV-Vis absorption spectra illustrate band gap shift due to doping. Alteration of M{sub s} value with the variation of doping concentration and milling time has been studied and discussed.« less

P-Element Insertion Alleles of Essential Genes on the Third Chromosome of Drosophila Melanogaster: Correlation of Physical and Cytogenetic Maps in Chromosomal Region 86e-87f

PubMed Central

Deak, P.; Omar, M. M.; Saunders, RDC.; Pal, M.; Komonyi, O.; Szidonya, J.; Maroy, P.; Zhang, Y.; Ashburner, M.; Benos, P.; Savakis, C.; Siden-Kiamos, I.; Louis, C.; Bolshakov, V. N.; Kafatos, F. C.; Madueno, E.; Modolell, J.; Glover, D. M.

1997-01-01

We have established a collection of 2460 lethal or semi-lethal mutant lines using a procedure thought to insert single P elements into vital genes on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster. More than 1200 randomly selected lines were examined by in situ hybridization and 90% found to contain single insertions at sites that mark 89% of all lettered subdivisions of the Bridges' map. A set of chromosomal deficiencies that collectively uncover ~25% of the euchromatin of chromosome 3 reveal lethal mutations in 468 lines corresponding to 145 complementation groups. We undertook a detailed analysis of the cytogenetic interval 86E-87F and identified 87 P-element-induced mutations falling into 38 complementation groups, 16 of which correspond to previously known genes. Twenty-one of these 38 complementation groups have at least one allele that has a P-element insertion at a position consistent with the cytogenetics of the locus. We have rescued P elements and flanking chromosomal sequences from the 86E-87F region in 35 lines with either lethal or genetically silent P insertions, and used these as probes to identify cosmids and P1 clones from the Drosophila genome projects. This has tied together the physical and genetic maps and has linked 44 previously identified cosmid contigs into seven ``supercontigs'' that span the interval. STS data for sequences flanking one side of the P-element insertions in 49 lines has identified insertions in the αγ element at 87C, two known transposable elements, and the open reading frames of seven putative single copy genes. These correspond to five known genes in this interval, and two genes identified by the homology of their predicted products to known proteins from other organisms. PMID:9409831

Magnetic and magnetothermal studies of iron boride (FeB) nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamayun, M. Asif; Abramchuk, Mykola; Alnasir, Hisham; Khan, Mohsin; Pak, Chongin; Lenhert, Steven; Ghazanfari, Lida; Shatruk, Michael; Manzoor, Sadia

2018-04-01

We report magnetic and magnetothermal properties of iron boride (FeB) nanoparticles prepared by surfactant-assisted ball milling of arc-melted bulk ingots of this binary alloy. Size-dependent magnetic properties were used to identify the transition to the single domain limit and calculate the anisotropy and exchange stiffness constants for this system. Extended milling is seen to produce coercivity enhancement and exchange bias of up to 270 Ôe at room temperature. The magnetothermal properties were investigated by measuring the response of single domain FeB nanoparticles to externally applied ac magnetic fields. All investigated particle sizes show a significant heating response, demonstrating their potential as candidates for magnetically induced hyperthermia. FeB nanoparticles were encapsulated into lipophilic domains of liposomes as evidenced by TEM. Exposure of HeLa cells to these liposomes did not affect cell viability, suggesting the biocompatibility of these new magnetic nanomaterials.

Effects on Subtalar Joint Stress Distribution After Cannulated Screw Insertion at Different Positions and Directions.

PubMed

Yuan, Cheng-song; Chen, Wan; Chen, Chen; Yang, Guang-hua; Hu, Chao; Tang, Kang-lai

2015-01-01

We investigated the effects on subtalar joint stress distribution after cannulated screw insertion at different positions and directions. After establishing a 3-dimensional geometric model of a normal subtalar joint, we analyzed the most ideal cannulated screw insertion position and approach for subtalar joint stress distribution and compared the differences in loading stress, antirotary strength, and anti-inversion/eversion strength among lateral-medial antiparallel screw insertion, traditional screw insertion, and ideal cannulated screw insertion. The screw insertion approach allowing the most uniform subtalar joint loading stress distribution was lateral screw insertion near the border of the talar neck plus medial screw insertion close to the ankle joint. For stress distribution uniformity, antirotary strength, and anti-inversion/eversion strength, lateral-medial antiparallel screw insertion was superior to traditional double-screw insertion. Compared with ideal cannulated screw insertion, slightly poorer stress distribution uniformity and better antirotary strength and anti-inversion/eversion strength were observed for lateral-medial antiparallel screw insertion. Traditional single-screw insertion was better than double-screw insertion for stress distribution uniformity but worse for anti-rotary strength and anti-inversion/eversion strength. Lateral-medial antiparallel screw insertion was slightly worse for stress distribution uniformity than was ideal cannulated screw insertion but superior to traditional screw insertion. It was better than both ideal cannulated screw insertion and traditional screw insertion for anti-rotary strength and anti-inversion/eversion strength. Lateral-medial antiparallel screw insertion is an approach with simple localization, convenient operation, and good safety. Copyright © 2015 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Monticello Mill Tailings Site, Operable Unit lll, Annual Groundwater Report, May 2015 Through April 2016

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Jason; Smith, Fred

This report provides the annual analysis of water quality restoration progress, cumulative through April 2016, for Operable Unit (OU) III, surface water and groundwater, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management (LM) Monticello Mill Tailings Site (MMTS). The MMTS is a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act National Priorities List site located in and near the city of Monticello, San Juan County, Utah. MMTS comprises the 110-acre site of a former uranium- and vanadium-ore-processing mill (mill site) and 1700 acres of surrounding private and municipal property. Milling operations generated 2.5 million cubic yards of wastemore » (tailings) from 1942 to 1960. The tailings were impounded at four locations on the mill site. Inorganic constituents in the tailings drained from the impoundments to contaminate local surface water (Montezuma Creek) and groundwater in the underlying alluvial aquifer. Mill tailings dispersed by wind and water also contaminated properties surrounding and downstream of the mill site. Remedial actions to remove and isolate radiologically contaminated soil, sediment, and debris from the former mill site, Operable Unit I (OU I), and surrounding properties (OU II) were completed in 1999 with the encapsulation of the wastes in an engineered repository located on DOE property 1 mile south of the former mill site. This effectively removed the primary source of groundwater contamination; however, contamination of groundwater and surface water remains within OU III at levels that exceed water quality protection standards. Uranium is the primary contaminant of concern (COC). LM implemented monitored natural attenuation with institutional controls as the OU III remedy in 2004. Because groundwater restoration proceeded more slowly than expected and did not meet performance criteria established in the OU III Record of Decision (June 2004), LM implemented a contingency action in 2009 by an Explanation of Significant Difference to include a pump-and­ treat system using a single extraction well and treatment by zero-valent iron (ex situ treatment system). The contingency action was optimized in 2015 with the installation of8 extraction wells and 16 monitoring wells in a focused area of the aquifer, the area of attainment (AOA). Contaminated water is treated by solar evaporation at an existing facility at the LM repository.« less

Remifentanil dose for laryngeal mask airway insertion with a single standard dose of propofol during emergency airway management in elderly patients.

PubMed

Ryu, Junghee; Oh, Ah Young; Baek, Ji-Seok; Kim, Jin-Hee; Park, Sang-Heon; Noh, Jae-Mun

2014-04-01

This study determined the dose of remifentanil to use during insertion of a Classic™ laryngeal mask airway (LMA, The Laryngeal Mask Co., Nicosia, Cyprus) in elderly patients during emergency airway management when combined with a single dose of propofol. Patients aged 65-80 years were enrolled. Anesthesia was induced with propofol 1 mg/kg, and then a blinded dose of remifentanil was infused over 30 s after confirming the patient's loss of consciousness. The dose of remifentanil was determined using Dixon's up-and-down method, starting at 0.5 µg/kg (a step size of 0.1 µg/kg). Insertion of the LMA was attempted 60 s after loss of consciousness. In total, 23 patients were recruited and the mean age ± standard deviation was 72 ± 3 years. The effective dose for successful LMA insertion in 50% of the patients (ED50) was 0.20 ± 0.05 µg/kg. No patient needed more than 0.3 µg/kg. Remifentanil 0.20 ± 0.05 µg/kg with propofol 1 mg/kg resulted in excellent LMA insertion in 50% of elderly patients without significant hemodynamic changes during emergency airway management.

High aspect ratio catalytic reactor and catalyst inserts therefor

DOEpatents

Lin, Jiefeng; Kelly, Sean M.

2018-04-10

The present invention relates to high efficient tubular catalytic steam reforming reactor configured from about 0.2 inch to about 2 inch inside diameter high temperature metal alloy tube or pipe and loaded with a plurality of rolled catalyst inserts comprising metallic monoliths. The catalyst insert substrate is formed from a single metal foil without a central supporting structure in the form of a spiral monolith. The single metal foil is treated to have 3-dimensional surface features that provide mechanical support and establish open gas channels between each of the rolled layers. This unique geometry accelerates gas mixing and heat transfer and provides a high catalytic active surface area. The small diameter, high aspect ratio tubular catalytic steam reforming reactors loaded with rolled catalyst inserts can be arranged in a multi-pass non-vertical parallel configuration thermally coupled with a heat source to carry out steam reforming of hydrocarbon-containing feeds. The rolled catalyst inserts are self-supported on the reactor wall and enable efficient heat transfer from the reactor wall to the reactor interior, and lower pressure drop than known particulate catalysts. The heat source can be oxygen transport membrane reactors.

The Effect of Powder Ball Milling on the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Fe-Cr-Mo-Mn-(Cu) Steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulecki, P.; Lichańska, E.

2017-12-01

The effect of ball milling powder mixtures of Höganäs pre-alloyed iron Astaloy CrM, low-carbon ferromanganese Elkem, elemental electrolytic Cu and C-UF graphite on the sintered structure and mechanical properties was evaluated. The mixing was conducted using Turbula mixer for 30 minutes and CDI-EM60 frequency inverter for 1 and 2 hours. Milling was performed on 150 g mixtures with (in weight %) CrM + 1% Mn, CrM + 2% Mn, CrM + 1% Mn + 1% Cu and CrM + 2% Mn + 1% Cu, all with 0.6%C. The green compacts were single pressed at 660 MPa according to PN-EN ISO 2740. Sintering was carried out in a laboratory horizontal furnace Carbolite STF 15/450 at 1250°C for 60 minutes in 5%H2 - 95%N2 atmosphere with a heating rate of 75°C/min, followed by sintering hardening at 60°C/min cooling rate. All the steels were characterized by martensitic structures. Mechanical testing revealed that steels based on milled powders have slightly higher mechanical properties compared to those only mixed and sintered. The best combination of mechanical properties, for ball milled CrM + 1% Mn + 1% Cu was UTS 1046 MPa, TRS 1336 MPa and A 1.94%.

A Manually Operated, Advance Off-Stylet Insertion Tool for Minimally Invasive Cochlear Implantation Surgery

PubMed Central

Kratchman, Louis B.; Schurzig, Daniel; McRackan, Theodore R.; Balachandran, Ramya; Noble, Jack H.; Webster, Robert J.; Labadie, Robert F.

2014-01-01

The current technique for cochlear implantation (CI) surgery requires a mastoidectomy to gain access to the cochlea for electrode array insertion. It has been shown that microstereotactic frames can enable an image-guided, minimally invasive approach to CI surgery called percutaneous cochlear implantation (PCI) that uses a single drill hole for electrode array insertion, avoiding a more invasive mastoidectomy. Current clinical methods for electrode array insertion are not compatible with PCI surgery because they require a mastoidectomy to access the cochlea; thus, we have developed a manually operated electrode array insertion tool that can be deployed through a PCI drill hole. The tool can be adjusted using a preoperative CT scan for accurate execution of the advance off-stylet (AOS) insertion technique and requires less skill to operate than is currently required to implant electrode arrays. We performed three cadaver insertion experiments using the AOS technique and determined that all insertions were successful using CT and microdissection. PMID:22851233

Insertion sequence typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: characterization of a widespread subtype with a single copy of IS6110.

PubMed

Fomukong, N G; Tang, T H; al-Maamary, S; Ibrahim, W A; Ramayah, S; Yates, M; Zainuddin, Z F; Dale, J W

1994-12-01

DNA fingerprinting with the insertion sequence IS6110 (also known as IS986) has become established as a major tool for investigating the spread of tuberculosis. Most strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have multiple copies of IS6110, but a small minority carry a single copy only. We have examined selected strains from Malaysia, Tanzania and Oman, in comparison with M. bovis isolates and BCG strains carrying one or two copies of IS6110. The insertion sequence appears to be present in the same position in all these strains, which suggests that in these organisms the element is defective in transposition and that the loss of transposability may have occurred at an early stage in the evolution of the M. tuberculosis complex.

Amphiphilic interactions of ionic liquids with lipid biomembranes: a molecular simulation study.

PubMed

Yoo, Brian; Shah, Jindal K; Zhu, Yingxi; Maginn, Edward J

2014-11-21

Current bottlenecks in the large-scale commercial use of many ionic liquids (ILs) include their high costs, low biodegradability, and often unknown toxicities. As a proactive effort to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ionic liquid toxicities, the work herein presents a comprehensive molecular simulation study on the interactions of 1-n-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium-based ILs with a phosphatidylcholine (PC) lipid bilayer. We explore the effects of increasing alkyl chain length (n = 4, 8, and 12) in the cation and anion hydrophobicity on the interactions with the lipid bilayer. Bulk atomistic molecular dynamics (MD) simulations performed at millimolar (mM) IL concentrations show spontaneous insertion of cations into the lipid bilayer regardless of the alkyl chain length and a favorable orientational preference once a cation is inserted. Cations also exhibit the ability to "flip" inside the lipid bilayer (as is common for amphiphiles) if partially inserted with an unfavorable orientation. Moreover, structural analysis of the lipid bilayer show that cationic insertion induces roughening of the bilayer surface, which may be a precursor to bilayer disruption. To overcome the limitation in the timescale of our simulations, free energies for a single IL cation and anion insertion have been determined based on potential of mean force calculations. These results show a decrease in free energy in response to both short and long alkyl chain IL cation insertion, and likewise for a single hydrophobic anion insertion, but an increase in free energy for the insertion of a hydrophilic chloride anion. Both bulk MD simulations and free energy calculations suggest that toxicity mechanisms toward biological systems are likely caused by ILs behaving as ionic surfactants. [Yoo et al., Soft Matter, 2014].

Solid-state amorphization of rebamipide and investigation on solubility and stability of the amorphous form.

PubMed

Xiong, Xinnuo; Xu, Kailin; Li, Shanshan; Tang, Peixiao; Xiao, Ying; Li, Hui

2017-02-01

Solid-state amorphization of crystalline rebamipide (RBM) was realized by ball milling and spray drying. The amorphous content of samples milled for various time was quantified using X-ray powder diffraction. Crystalline RBM and three amorphous RBM obtained by milling and spray drying were characterized by morphological analysis, X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis and vibrational spectroscopy. The crystal structure of RBM was first determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. In addition, the solubility and dissolution rate of the RBM samples were investigated in different media. Results indicated that the solubility and the dissolution rates of spray-dried RBM-PVP in different media were highly improved compared with crystalline RBM. The physical stabilities of the three amorphous RBM were systematically investigated, and the stability orders under different storage temperatures and levels of relative humidity (RH) were both as follows: spray dried RBM < milled RBM < spray dried RBM-PVP. A direct glass-to-crystal transformation was induced under high RH, and the transformation rate rose with increasing RH. However, amorphous RBM could stay stable at RH levels lower than 57.6% (25 °C).

Field-scale investigation of pulverized coal mill power consumption

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ganguli, R.; Bandopadhyay, S.

2008-08-15

Twenty field-scale tests were conducted in a 28 MW pulverized coal power plant in Healy, Alaska, to examine mill power consumption in relation to coal grind size. The intent in this field-scale study was to verify if grind size truly impacted power consumption by a detectable amount. The regression model developed from the data indicates that grind size does impact mill power consumption, with finer grinds consuming significantly more power than coarser grinds. However, other factors such as coal hardness (i.e. the lower the Hardgrove Grindability Index, or the harder the coal, the higher the power consumption) and mill throughputmore » (i.e., the higher the throughput, the higher the power consumption) had to be included before the impact of grind size could be isolated. It was also observed that combining amperage and flow rate into a single parameter, i.e., specific amperage, hurt modeling. Cost analysis based on the regression model indicate a power savings of $19,972 per year if the coal were ground to 50% passing 76 {mu}m rather than the industry standard of 70% passing 76 {mu}m. The study also demonstrated that size reduction constituted a significant portion of the power consumption.« less

Preparation of Mo-Re-C samples containing Mo7Re13C with the β-Mn-type structure by solid state reaction of planetary-ball-milled powder mixtures of Mo, Re and C, and their crystal structures and superconductivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh-ishi, Katsuyoshi; Nagumo, Kenta; Tateishi, Kazuya; Takafumi, Ohnishi; Yoshikane, Kenta; Sugiyama, Machiko; Oka, Kengo; Kobayashi, Ryota

2017-01-01

Mo-Re-C compounds containing Mo7Re13C with the β-Mn structure were synthesized with high-melting-temperature metals Mo, Re, and C powders using a conventional solid state method with a planetary ball milling machine instead of the arc melting method. Use of the ball milling machine was necessary to obtain Mo7Re13C with the β-Mn structure using the solid state method. Almost single-phase Mo7Re13C with a trace of impurity were obtained using the synthesis method. By XRF and lattice parameter measurements on the samples, Fe element existed in the compound synthesized using the planetary ball milling machine with a pot and balls made of steel, though Fe element was not detected in the compound synthesized using a pot and balls made of tungsten carbide. The former compound containg the Fe atom did not show superconductivity but the latter compound without the Fe atom showed superconductivity at 6.1 K.

Using thermally stimulated current (TSC) to investigate disorder in micronized drug substance produced at different milling energies.

PubMed

Forcino, Rachel; Brum, Jeffrey; Galop, Marc; Sun, Yan

2010-10-01

To investigate the use of thermally stimulated current (TSC) to characterize disorder resulting from micronization of a crystalline drug substance. Samples processed at different milling energies are characterized, and annealing studied. Molecular mobility in micronized drug substance was studied using TSC and compared to results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The micronized drug substance TSC spectra are compared to crystalline and amorphous references. TSC shows distinct relaxation modes for micronized material in comparison to a single weak exotherm observed with DSC. Molecular mobility modes are unique for micronized material compared to the amorphous reference indicating physically distinct disorder compared to phase-separated amorphous material. Signals are ascribed as arising from crystal defects. TSC differentiates material processed at different milling energies showing reasonable correlation between the AUC of the α-relaxation and micronization energy. The annealing process of crystal defects in micronized drug appears to proceed differently for α and β relaxations. TSC proves sensitive to the crystal defects in the micronized drug substance studied here. The technique is able to differentiate distinct types of disorder and can be used to characterize noncrystalline regions arising from milling processes which are physically distinct from amorphous material.

Body Piercing

MedlinePlus

... is piercing performed? A single-use, sterilized piercing gun is typically used to insert an earring into ... of jewelry into the hole. The safest piercing guns are single-use guns. It means that it ...

Atomic force microscopy captures length phenotypes in single proteins

PubMed Central

Carrion-Vazquez, Mariano; Marszalek, Piotr E.; Oberhauser, Andres F.; Fernandez, Julio M.

1999-01-01

We use single-protein atomic force microscopy techniques to detect length phenotypes in an Ig module. To gain amino acid resolution, we amplify the mechanical features of a single module by engineering polyproteins composed of up to 12 identical repeats. We show that on mechanical unfolding, mutant polyproteins containing five extra glycine residues added to the folded core of the module extend 20 Å per module farther than the wild-type polyproteins. By contrast, similar insertions near the N or C termini have no effect. Hence, our atomic force microscopy measurements readily discriminate the location of the insert and measure its size with a resolution similar to that of NMR and x-ray crystallography. PMID:10500169

W-band integrated circuit PIN switches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tahim, R. S.; Pham, T.; Chang, K.

1986-12-01

Both single-pole single-throw (SPST) and single-pole double-throw (SPDT) PIN switches have been developed at W band using microstrip integrated circuits. In SPST configurations, these switches have less than 1 dB of insertion loss under forward-voltage conditions from 90 to 108 GHz. Isolation greater than 20 dB over 3 GHz and greater than 10 dB over 7 GHz has been achieved. In SPDT configurations, insertion loss of less than 2 dB and isolation of more than 15 dB over 10 GHz (90 to 110 GHz) have been achieved. Beam-lead PIN diodes were used. Major features included mechanical ruggedness, light weight, small size and low-cost manufacturing.

Accountability--A Historical Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keefover, Karen Shade

1983-01-01

Asserts that existing accountability policies assume that a single behaviorist theory is the one best system for effective education. Examines the pitfalls of the one-system approach through the examples of John Stuart Mill's utilitarian upbringing and "Gradgrindism" in Charles Dickens' novel "Hard Times." (SK)

An integrated CAD/CAM/robotic milling method for custom cementless femoral prostheses.

PubMed

Wen-ming, Xi; Ai-min, Wang; Qi, Wu; Chang-hua, Liu; Jian-fei, Zhu; Fang-fang, Xia

2015-09-01

Aseptic loosening is the primary cause of cementless femoral prosthesis failure and is related to the primary stability of the cementless femoral prosthesis in the femoral cavity. The primary stability affects both the osseointegration and the long-term stability of cementless femoral prostheses. A custom cementless femoral prosthesis can improve the fit and fill of the prosthesis in the femoral cavity and decrease the micromotion of the proximal prosthesis such that the primary stability of the custom prosthesis can be improved, and osseointegration of the proximal prosthesis is achieved. These results will help to achieve long-term stability in total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this paper, we introduce an integrated CAD/CAM/robotic method of milling custom cementless femoral prostheses. The 3D reconstruction model uses femoral CT images and 3D design software to design a CAD model of the custom prosthesis. After the transformation matrices between two units of the robotic system are calibrated, consistency between the CAM software and the robotic system can be achieved, and errors in the robotic milling can be limited. According to the CAD model of the custom prosthesis, the positions of the robotic tool points are produced by the CAM software of the CNC machine. The normal vector of the three adjacent robotic tool point positions determines the pose of the robotic tool point. In conclusion, the fit rate of custom pig femur stems in the femoral cavities was 90.84%. After custom femoral prostheses were inserted into the femoral cavities, the maximum gaps between the prostheses and the cavities measured less than 1 mm at the diaphysis and 1.3 mm at the metaphysis. Copyright © 2015 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of milling time and annealing temperature on nanoparticles evolution for 13.5% Cr ODS ferritic steel powders by joint application of XAFS and TEM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, P.; Hoffmann, J.; Möslang, A.

2018-04-01

The characteristics of strengthening nanoparticles have a major influence on the mechanical property and irradiation resistance of oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steels. To determine how to control nanoparticles evolution, 0.3% Ti with 0.3% Y2O3 were added in 13.5%Cr pre-alloyed steel powders via different milling and consolidation conditions, then characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) at synchrotron irradiation facility. The dissolution of Y2O3 is greatly dependent on the milling time at fixed milling speeds. After 24 h of milling, only minor amounts of the initially added Y2O3 dissolve into the steel matrix whereas TEM results reveal nearly complete dissolution of Y2O3 in 80-h-milled powder. The annealed powder FT-A800 (at 800 °C for 1 h) exhibits a structure near to the initially added Y2O3. The slightly deviation may be accounted for considerable lattice distortion related to the presence of atomic vacancies or formation of Y-Ti-O nucleus. The annealed powders FT-A1000 and FT-A1100 contain complex mixtures of Y-O/Y-Ti-O oxides, which cannot be fitted by any single thermally stable compounds. The coordination numbers of these first two shells in the annealed powders significantly raise as a function of the annealing temperature, indicating the formation of more ordered Y-O or Y-Ti-O particles. The extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectrum could not necessarily distinguish the dominant oxide species.

Evaluation of marginal fit of single implant-supported metal-ceramic crowns prepared by using presintered metal blocks.

PubMed

Pasali, Baris; Sarac, Duygu; Kaleli, Necati; Sarac, Yakup Sinasi

2018-02-01

Recently, presintered metal blocks for nonprecious and precious metal implant-supported restorations have gained popularity in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems. However, few studies have evaluated the marginal discrepancy of implant-supported restorations made with these new alloy systems. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the milling-sintering method with the lost-wax and milling methods in terms of the marginal fit of implant-supported metal-ceramic restorations. Thirty implant abutments screwed to implant analogs were embedded into acrylic resin to investigate marginal fit and then divided according to fabrication methods into the following 3 groups (n=10): lost-wax (LW; control group), milling (M), and milling-sintering (MS). Porcelain material was applied to all specimens after completion of the fabrication process. Subsequently, all specimens were cemented to implant abutments for the measurement of marginal discrepancies. Twelve marginal discrepancy measurements were recorded on each implant abutment by using a stereomicroscope. The arithmetic mean of these 12 measurements was considered the mean marginal discrepancy value of each abutment. Data were statistically analyzed by using 1-way ANOVA and Tukey honest significant difference tests (α=.05). The lowest mean marginal discrepancy values (81 ±2 μm) were observed in the M group, which was significantly different (P<.001) from the other methods. The highest mean marginal discrepancy values (99 ±2 μm) were observed in the MS group. The results revealed that restorations prepared by the milling-sintering method provided clinically acceptable results (<120 μm); however, this new technique was not found to be as precise as the milling method in terms of marginal fit. Copyright © 2017 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A novel adaptive needle insertion sequencing for robotic, single needle MR-guided high-dose-rate prostate brachytherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borot de Battisti, M.; de Senneville, B. Denis; Hautvast, G.; Binnekamp, D.; Lagendijk, J. J. W.; Maenhout, M.; Moerland, M. A.

2017-05-01

MR-guided high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy has gained increasing interest as a treatment for patients with localized prostate cancer because of the superior value of MRI for tumor and surrounding tissues localization. To enable needle insertion into the prostate with the patient in the MR bore, a single needle MR-compatible robotic system involving needle-by-needle dose delivery has been developed at our institution. Throughout the intervention, dose delivery may be impaired by: (1) sub-optimal needle positioning caused by e.g. needle bending, (2) intra-operative internal organ motion such as prostate rotations or swelling, or intra-procedural rectum or bladder filling. This may result in failure to reach clinical constraints. To assess the first aforementioned challenge, a recent study from our research group demonstrated that the deposited dose may be greatly improved by real-time adaptive planning with feedback on the actual needle positioning. However, the needle insertion sequence is left to the doctor and therefore, this may result in sub-optimal dose delivery. In this manuscript, a new method is proposed to determine and update automatically the needle insertion sequence. This strategy is based on the determination of the most sensitive needle track. The sensitivity of a needle track is defined as its impact on the dose distribution in case of sub-optimal positioning. A stochastic criterion is thus presented to determine each needle track sensitivity based on needle insertion simulations. To assess the proposed sequencing strategy, HDR prostate brachytherapy was simulated on 11 patients with varying number of needle insertions. Sub-optimal needle positioning was simulated at each insertion (modeled by typical random angulation errors). In 91% of the scenarios, the dose distribution improved when the needle was inserted into the most compared to the least sensitive needle track. The computation time for sequencing was less than 6 s per needle track. The proposed needle insertion sequencing can therefore assist in delivering an optimal dose in HDR prostate brachytherapy.

Submillisecond Dynamics of Mastoparan X Insertion into Lipid Membranes.

PubMed

Schuler, Erin E; Nagarajan, Sureshbabu; Dyer, R Brian

2016-09-01

The mechanism of protein insertion into a lipid bilayer is poorly understood because the kinetics of this process is difficult to measure. We developed a new approach to study insertion of the antimicrobial peptide Mastoparan X into zwitterionic lipid vesicles, using a laser-induced temperature-jump to initiate insertion on the microsecond time scale and infrared and fluorescence spectroscopies to follow the kinetics. Infrared probes the desolvation of the peptide backbone and yields biphasic kinetics with relaxation lifetimes of 12 and 117 μs, whereas fluorescence probes the intrinsic tryptophan residue located near the N-terminus and yields a single exponential phase with a lifetime of 440 μs. Arrhenius analysis of the temperature-dependent rates yields an activation energy for insertion of 96 kJ/mol. These results demonstrate the complexity of the insertion process and provide mechanistic insight into the interplay between peptides and the lipid bilayer required for peptide transport across cellular membranes.

Direct-Write Laser Grayscale Lithography for Multilayer Lead Zirconate Titanate Thin Films.

PubMed

Benoit, Robert R; Jordan, Delaney M; Smith, Gabriel L; Polcawich, Ronald G; Bedair, Sarah S; Potrepka, Daniel M

2018-05-01

Direct-write laser grayscale lithography has been used to facilitate a single-step patterning technique for multilayer lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films. A 2.55- -thick photoresist was patterned with a direct-write laser. The intensity of the laser was varied to create both tiered and sloped structures that are subsequently transferred into multilayer PZT(52/48) stacks using a single Ar ion-mill etch. Traditional processing requires a separate photolithography step and an ion mill etch for each layer of the substrate, which can be costly and time consuming. The novel process allows access to buried electrode layers in the multilayer stack in a single photolithography step. The grayscale process was demonstrated on three 150-mm diameter Si substrates configured with a 0.5- -thick SiO 2 elastic layer, a base electrode of Pt/TiO 2 , and a stack of four PZT(52/48) thin films of either 0.25- thickness per layer or 0.50- thickness per layer, and using either Pt or IrO 2 electrodes above and below each layer. Stacked capacitor structures were patterned and results will be reported on the ferroelectric and electromechanical properties using various wiring configurations and compared to comparable single layer PZT configurations.

Crystal Structure Analysis of Electromagnetic Wave Absorber Material BaFe12-xTix/2Znx/2O19Based

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delina, M.; Nenni, N.; Adi, W. A.

2018-04-01

The optimization of BaFe12-xTix/2Znx/2O19 (x=2.2; 2.4; 2.6; 2.8)single phase composition have been performed. The materials were synthesized by solid state reaction method through mechanical milling technique.The materials were made from the mixture of oxide materials, which are BaCO3, Fe2O3, TiO2 and ZnO. The mixture was milled for five hours using a High Energy Milling (HEM), was dried at 100°C in the Oven and then was sintered at 1000°C for five hours in the Furnace. The phase identification of BaFe12-xTix/2Znx/2O19 (x=2.2; 2.4; 2.6; 2.8) were carried out by using a Match Program while the crystal structure analysis were investigated by using a General Structure Analysis System (GSAS) program. The refinement results of x-ray diffraction pattern showed that the sample of x ≤ 2.4 have a BaFe12O19 single phase while the sample of x> 2.4 have two phases, which are BaFe12O19 and ZnFe2O4 phases. The surface morphology of sample and the element of sample were identified through an analysis of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) data.

Rapid and direct synthesis of complex perovskite oxides through a highly energetic planetary milling

PubMed Central

Lee, Gyoung-Ja; Park, Eun-Kwang; Yang, Sun-A; Park, Jin-Ju; Bu, Sang-Don; Lee, Min-Ku

2017-01-01

The search for a new and facile synthetic route that is simple, economical and environmentally safe is one of the most challenging issues related to the synthesis of functional complex oxides. Herein, we report the expeditious synthesis of single-phase perovskite oxides by a high-rate mechanochemical reaction, which is generally difficult through conventional milling methods. With the help of a highly energetic planetary ball mill, lead-free piezoelectric perovskite oxides of (Bi, Na)TiO3, (K, Na)NbO3 and their modified complex compositions were directly synthesized with low contamination. The reaction time necessary to fully convert the micron-sized reactant powder mixture into a single-phase perovskite structure was markedly short at only 30–40 min regardless of the chemical composition. The cumulative kinetic energy required to overtake the activation period necessary for predominant formation of perovskite products was ca. 387 kJ/g for (Bi, Na)TiO3 and ca. 580 kJ/g for (K, Na)NbO3. The mechanochemically derived powders, when sintered, showed piezoelectric performance capabilities comparable to those of powders obtained by conventional solid-state reaction processes. The observed mechanochemical synthetic route may lead to the realization of a rapid, one-step preparation method by which to create other promising functional oxides without time-consuming homogenization and high-temperature calcination powder procedures. PMID:28387324

Ultrafast third-harmonic spectroscopy of single nanoantennas fabricated using helium-ion beam lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kollmann, H.; Esmann, M.; Becker, S. F.; Piao, X.; Huynh, C.; Kautschor, L.-O.; Bösker, G.; Vieker, H.; Beyer, A.; Gölzhäuser, A.; Park, N.; Silies, M.; Lienau, C.

2016-03-01

Metallic nanoantennas are able to spatially localize far-field electromagnetic waves on a few nanometer length scale in the form of surface plasmon excitations 1-3. Standard tools for fabricating bowtie and rod antennas with sub-20 nm feature sizes are Electron Beam Lithography or Ga-based Focused Ion Beam (FIB) Milling. These structures, however, often suffer from surface roughness and hence show only a limited optical polarization contrast and therefore a limited electric field localization. Here, we combine Ga- and He-ion based milling (HIM) for the fabrication of gold bowtie and rod antennas with gap sizes of less than 6 nm combined with a high aspect ratio. Using polarization-sensitive Third-Harmonic (TH) spectroscopy, we compare the nonlinear optical properties of single HIM-antennas with sub-6-nm gaps with those produced by standard Ga-based FIB. We find a pronounced enhancement of the total TH intensity of more than three in comparison to Ga-FIB antennas and a highly improved polarization contrast of the TH intensity of 250:1 for Heion produced antennas 4. These findings combined with Finite-Element Method calculations demonstrate a field enhancement of up to one hundred in the few-nanometer gap of the antenna. This makes He-ion beam milling a highly attractive and promising new tool for the fabrication of plasmonic nanoantennas with few-nanometer feature sizes.

Nano-oxide-layer insertion and specular effects in spin valves: Experiment and theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, L.; Qiu, J. J.; McMahon, W. J.; Li, K. B.; Wu, Y. H.

2004-06-01

We report a systematic study of NOL (nano-oxide-layer) insertion and specular effects on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) of single, synthetic, and dual spin valves, using a semiclassical Boltzmann theory. It is confirmed that the GMR ratio is enhanced by NOL insertion inside the pinned layer or after the free layer. The enhancements are primarily due to the contribution of the majority carriers. The NOL insertions inside the inactive layers of spin valves such as the seed, under, and capping layers reduce the GMR ratio. Though introducing a NOL before or after the Cu spacer would, in principle, significantly suppress the GMR ratio due to the blocking effect or the average effect of different spin channels, large positive or negative (inverse) GMR is found by assuming spin-dependent NOL specular reflections. We have also demonstrated that specular reflection, even beyond a capping layer, may result in reduction of GMR. Upon appropriate NOL insertion, the amplitude of curve of GMR versus thickness of individual layer of spin valves may be generally enhanced, but the shape may change, depending on whether the distance of the NOL to the layer is small or large (distance effect). Finally, it is found that most results obtained for the single realistic spin valves are applicable to synthetic and dual spin valves.

Double emulsions from a capillary array injection microfluidic device.

PubMed

Shang, Luoran; Cheng, Yao; Wang, Jie; Ding, Haibo; Rong, Fei; Zhao, Yuanjin; Gu, Zhongze

2014-09-21

A facile microfluidic device was developed by inserting an annular capillary array into a collection channel for single-step emulsification of double emulsions. By inserting multiple inner-phase solutions into the capillary array, multicomponent double emulsions or microcapsules with inner droplets of different content could also be obtained from the device.

Patient satisfaction and masticatory efficiency of single implant-retained mandibular overdentures using the stud and magnetic attachments.

PubMed

Cheng, Tao; Sun, Guifeng; Huo, Jingyu; He, Xiaoji; Wang, Yining; Ren, Yan-Fang

2012-11-01

To study patient satisfaction and masticatory efficiency of single implant-retained mandibular overdentures using the stud and magnetic attachments in a randomized clinical trial with a crossover design. Patients received a single implant placed in the midline of the mandible and either a stud (Locator) or a magnetic (Magfit) attachment, assigned at random. Patient satisfaction, including patient comfort, speech, chewing ability and retention, and masticatory efficiency measured by chewing peanuts, were assessed before and 3 months after attachment insertion. Patient satisfaction and masticatory efficiency were evaluated again 3 months after insertion of the alternate attachment bodies. The outcomes were compared before and after insertion of the attachments and between the two types of attachments using Wilcoxon signed rank tests. Patient overall satisfaction, comfort, speech, chewing ability, and retention improved significantly after insertion of both types of attachment bodies (p<0.05). Masticatory efficiencies also increased in both the Locator and the Magfit groups (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in patient overall satisfaction, comfort, speech, and retention between the two types of attachments (p>0.05). The Locator attachments performed better in perceived chewing ability than the Magfit (p<0.05), but there was no statistically significant difference in masticatory efficiency between the two attachment types (p>0.05). Clinical outcomes were significantly improved in single implant-retained mandibular overdentures using either the Locator or the Magfit magnetic attachments. There was no difference in masticatory efficiency between the two attachment types. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 868.311 - Grades and grade requirements for the class Second Head Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... combined) Total (number in 500 grams) Heat-damaged kernels and objectionable seeds (number in 500 grams) Red rice and damaged kernels (singly or combined) (percent) Chalky kernels 1,3 (percent) Color...

Age as a Determinant to Select an Anesthesia Method for Tympanostomy Tube Insertion in a Pediatric Population

PubMed Central

Jung, Kihwan; Kim, Hojong

2015-01-01

Background and Objectives To evaluate the relationship between age and anesthesia method used for tympanostomy tube insertion (TTI) and to provide evidence to guide the selection of an appropriate anesthesia method in children. Subjects and Methods We performed a retrospective review of children under 15 years of age who underwent tympanostomy tube insertion (n=159) or myringotomy alone (n=175) under local or general anesthesia by a single surgeon at a university-based, secondary care referral hospital. Epidermiologic data between local and general anesthesia groups as well as between TTI and myringotomy were analyzed. Medical costs were compared between local and general anesthesia groups. Results Children who received local anesthesia were significantly older than those who received general anesthesia. Unilateral tympanostomy tube insertion was performed more frequently under local anesthesia than bilateral. Logistic regression modeling showed that local anesthesia was more frequently applied in older children (odds ratio=1.041) and for unilateral tympanostomy tube insertion (odds ratio=8.990). The cut-off value of age for local anesthesia was roughly 5 years. Conclusions In a pediatric population at a single medical center, age and whether unilateral or bilateral procedures were required were important factors in selecting an anesthesia method for tympanostomy tube insertion. Our findings suggest that local anesthesia can be preferentially considered for children 5 years of age or older, especially in those with unilateral otitis media with effusion. PMID:26185791

Controlling the electronic and geometric structures of 2D insertions to realize high performance metal/insertion-MoS2 sandwich interfaces.

PubMed

Su, Jie; Feng, Liping; Zeng, Wei; Liu, Zhengtang

2017-06-08

Metal/insertion-MoS 2 sandwich interfaces are designed to reduce the Schottky barriers at metal-MoS 2 interfaces. The effects of geometric and electronic structures of two-dimensional (2D) insertion materials on the contact properties of metal/insertion-MoS 2 interfaces are comparatively studied by first-principles calculations. Regardless of the geometric and electronic structures of 2D insertion materials, Fermi level pinning effects and charge scattering at the metal/insertion-MoS 2 interface are weakened due to weak interactions between the insertion and MoS 2 layers, no gap states and negligible structural deformations for MoS 2 layers. The Schottky barriers at metal/insertion-MoS 2 interfaces are induced by three interface dipoles and four potential steps that are determined by the charge transfers and structural deformations of 2D insertion materials. The lower the electron affinities of 2D insertion materials, the more are the electrons lost from the Sc surface, resulting in lower n-type Schottky barriers at Sc/insertion-MoS 2 interfaces. The larger the ionization potentials and the thinner the thicknesses of 2D insertion materials, the fewer are the electrons that accumulate at the Pt surface, leading to lower p-type Schottky barriers at Pt/insertion-MoS 2 interfaces. All Sc/insertion-MoS 2 interfaces exhibited ohmic characters. The Pt/BN-MoS 2 interface exhibits the lowest p-type Schottky barrier of 0.52 eV due to the largest ionization potential (∼6.88 eV) and the thinnest thickness (single atomic layer thickness) of BN. These results in this work are beneficial to understand and design high performance metal/insertion-MoS 2 interfaces through 2D insertion materials.

Identifying transposon insertions and their effects from RNA-sequencing data.

PubMed

de Ruiter, Julian R; Kas, Sjors M; Schut, Eva; Adams, David J; Koudijs, Marco J; Wessels, Lodewyk F A; Jonkers, Jos

2017-07-07

Insertional mutagenesis using engineered transposons is a potent forward genetic screening technique used to identify cancer genes in mouse model systems. In the analysis of these screens, transposon insertion sites are typically identified by targeted DNA-sequencing and subsequently assigned to predicted target genes using heuristics. As such, these approaches provide no direct evidence that insertions actually affect their predicted targets or how transcripts of these genes are affected. To address this, we developed IM-Fusion, an approach that identifies insertion sites from gene-transposon fusions in standard single- and paired-end RNA-sequencing data. We demonstrate IM-Fusion on two separate transposon screens of 123 mammary tumors and 20 B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemias, respectively. We show that IM-Fusion accurately identifies transposon insertions and their true target genes. Furthermore, by combining the identified insertion sites with expression quantification, we show that we can determine the effect of a transposon insertion on its target gene(s) and prioritize insertions that have a significant effect on expression. We expect that IM-Fusion will significantly enhance the accuracy of cancer gene discovery in forward genetic screens and provide initial insight into the biological effects of insertions on candidate cancer genes. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

Gait Parameters and Functional Outcomes After Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Persona Knee System With Cruciate Retaining and Ultracongruent Knee Inserts.

PubMed

Rajgopal, Ashok; Aggarwal, Kalpana; Khurana, Anshika; Rao, Arun; Vasdev, Attique; Pandit, Hemant

2017-01-01

Total knee arthroplasty is a well-established treatment for managing end-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Currently, different designs of prostheses are available with majority ensuring similar clinical outcomes. Altered surface geometry is introduced to strive toward gaining superior outcomes. We aimed to investigate any differences in functional outcomes between 2 different polyethylene designs namely the Persona CR (cruciate retaining) and Persona UC (ultracongruent) tibial inserts (Zimmer-Biomet, Warsaw, IN). This prospective single blind, single-surgeon randomized controlled trial reports on 105 patients, (66 female and 39 male), who underwent simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty using the Persona knee system (Zimmer-Biomet) UC inserts in one side and CR inserts in the contralateral side. By a blind assessor, at regular time intervals patients were assessed in terms of function and gait. The functional knee scoring scales used were the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index and Modified Knee Society Score. The gait parameters evaluated were foot pressure and step length. During the study period, no patient was lost to follow-up or underwent revision surgery for any cause. Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scores, Modified Knee Society Score, and knee range of motion of all 105 patients assessed preoperatively and postoperatively at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years showed statistically better results (P < .05) for UC inserts. Gait analysis measuring foot pressures and step length, however, did not show any statistically significant differences at 2-year follow-up. Ultracongruent tibial inserts show significantly better functional outcomes as compared to CR inserts during a 2-year follow-up period. However, in this study these findings were not shown to be attributed to differences in gait parameters. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Single Crystal Substrates for Surface Acoustic Wave Devices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Research Laboratory 2W 5 University Park PA 16802____________ 1 1. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME ANO ADDRESS Deputy for Electronic Technology (RADC/ EEA )// Janu...avoid contamination during the preparation of the reacted starting powders. Mixina was performed in plastic hall mills with teflon rollers, and sinterinq

Refoldable Foldamers: Global Conformational Switching by Deletion or Insertion of a Single Hydrogen Bond

PubMed Central

Le Bailly, Bryden A. F.; Byrne, Liam

2016-01-01

Abstract Small changes in the structure of a foldamer may lead to gross changes in conformational preference. We show that the simple insertion or deletion of a single hydrogen bond by changes in pH or by photochemical deprotection is sufficient to refold a helical oligomer, interconverting M and P screw‐sense preference. As a consequence of the switch, information may be transmitted to a remote catalytic site, selectively directing the formation of either of two enantiomeric products by a reaction involving 1,22‐remote intermolecular asymmetric induction. PMID:26762559

Model-based assist feature insertion for sub-40nm memory device

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suh, Sungsoo; Lee, Suk-joo; Choi, Seong-woon; Lee, Sung-Woo; Park, Chan-hoon

2009-04-01

Many issues need to be resolved for a production-worthy model based assist feature insertion flow for single and double exposure patterning process to extend low k1 process at 193 nm immersion technology. Model based assist feature insertion is not trivial to implement either for single and double exposure patterning compared to rule based methods. As shown in Fig. 1, pixel based mask inversion technology in itself has difficulties in mask writing and inspection although it presents as one of key technology to extend single exposure for contact layer. Thus far, inversion technology is tried as a cooptimization of target mask to simultaneously generate optimized main and sub-resolution assists features for a desired process window. Alternatively, its technology can also be used to optimize for a target feature after an assist feature types are inserted in order to simplify the mask complexity. Simplification of inversion mask is one of major issue with applying inversion technology to device development even if a smaller mask feature can be fabricated since the mask writing time is also a major factor. As shown in Figure 2, mask writing time may be a limiting factor in determining whether or not an inversion solution is viable. It can be reasoned that increased number of shot counts relates to increase in margin for inversion methodology. On the other hand, there is a limit on how complex a mask can be in order to be production worthy. There is also source and mask co-optimization which influences the final mask patterns and assist feature sizes and positions for a given target. In this study, we will discuss assist feature insertion methods for sub 40-nm technology.

Random insertion and gene disruption via transposon mutagenesis of Ureaplasma parvum using a mini-transposon plasmid

PubMed Central

Aboklaish, Ali F.; Dordet-Frisoni, Emilie; Citti, Christine; Toleman, Mark A; Glass, John I.; Spiller, O. Brad

2015-01-01

While transposon mutagenesis has been successfully used for Mycoplasma spp. to disrupt and determine non-essential genes, previous attempts with Ureaplasma spp. have been unsuccessful. Using a polyethylene glycol-transformation enhancing protocol, we were able to transform three separate serovars of Ureaplasma parvum with a Tn4001-based mini-transposon plasmid containing a gentamicin resistance selection marker. Despite the large degree of homology between Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, all attempts to transform the latter in parallel failed, with the exception of a single clinical U. urealyticum isolate. PCR probing and sequencing were used to confirm transposon insertion into the bacterial genome and identify disrupted genes. Transformation of prototype serovar 3 consistently resulted in transfer only of sequence between the mini-transposon inverted repeats, but some strains showed additional sequence transfer. Transposon insertion occurred randomly in the genome resulting in unique disruption of genes UU047, UU390, UU440, UU450, UU520, UU526, UU582 for single clones from a panel of screened clones. An intergenic insertion between genes UU187 and UU188 was also characterised. Two phenotypic alterations were observed in the mutated strains: Disruption of a DEAD-box RNA helicase (UU582) altered growth kinetics, while the U. urealyticum strain lost resistance to serum attack coincident with disruption of gene UUR10_137 and loss of expression of a 41 kDa protein. Transposon mutagenesis was used successfully to insert single copies of a mini-transposon into the genome and disrupt genes leading to phenotypic changes in Ureaplasma parvum strains. This method can now be used to deliver exogenous genes for expression and determine essential genes for Ureaplasma parvum replication in culture and experimental models. PMID:25444567

Random insertion and gene disruption via transposon mutagenesis of Ureaplasma parvum using a mini-transposon plasmid.

PubMed

Aboklaish, Ali F; Dordet-Frisoni, Emilie; Citti, Christine; Toleman, Mark A; Glass, John I; Spiller, O Brad

2014-11-01

While transposon mutagenesis has been successfully used for Mycoplasma spp. to disrupt and determine non-essential genes, previous attempts with Ureaplasma spp. have been unsuccessful. Using a polyethylene glycol-transformation enhancing protocol, we were able to transform three separate serovars of Ureaplasma parvum with a Tn4001-based mini-transposon plasmid containing a gentamicin resistance selection marker. Despite the large degree of homology between Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum, all attempts to transform the latter in parallel failed, with the exception of a single clinical U. urealyticum isolate. PCR probing and sequencing were used to confirm transposon insertion into the bacterial genome and identify disrupted genes. Transformation of prototype serovar 3 consistently resulted in transfer only of sequence between the mini-transposon inverted repeats, but some strains showed additional sequence transfer. Transposon insertion occurred randomly in the genome resulting in unique disruption of genes UU047, UU390, UU440, UU450, UU520, UU526, UU582 for single clones from a panel of screened clones. An intergenic insertion between genes UU187 and UU188 was also characterised. Two phenotypic alterations were observed in the mutated strains: Disruption of a DEAD-box RNA helicase (UU582) altered growth kinetics, while the U. urealyticum strain lost resistance to serum attack coincident with disruption of gene UUR10_137 and loss of expression of a 41 kDa protein. Transposon mutagenesis was used successfully to insert single copies of a mini-transposon into the genome and disrupt genes leading to phenotypic changes in Ureaplasma parvum strains. This method can now be used to deliver exogenous genes for expression and determine essential genes for Ureaplasma parvum replication in culture and experimental models. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Seamless Insert-Plasmid Assembly at High Efficiency and Low Cost

PubMed Central

Benoit, Roger M.; Ostermeier, Christian; Geiser, Martin; Li, Julia Su Zhou; Widmer, Hans; Auer, Manfred

2016-01-01

Seamless cloning methods, such as co-transformation cloning, sequence- and ligation-independent cloning (SLIC) or the Gibson assembly, are essential tools for the precise construction of plasmids. The efficiency of co-transformation cloning is however low and the Gibson assembly reagents are expensive. With the aim to improve the robustness of seamless cloning experiments while keeping costs low, we examined the importance of complementary single-stranded DNA ends for co-transformation cloning and the influence of single-stranded gaps in circular plasmids on SLIC cloning efficiency. Most importantly, our data show that single-stranded gaps in double-stranded plasmids, which occur in typical SLIC protocols, can drastically decrease the efficiency at which the DNA transforms competent E. coli bacteria. Accordingly, filling-in of single-stranded gaps using DNA polymerase resulted in increased transformation efficiency. Ligation of the remaining nicks did not lead to a further increase in transformation efficiency. These findings demonstrate that highly efficient insert-plasmid assembly can be achieved by using only T5 exonuclease and Phusion DNA polymerase, without Taq DNA ligase from the original Gibson protocol, which significantly reduces the cost of the reactions. We successfully used this modified Gibson assembly protocol with two short insert-plasmid overlap regions, each counting only 15 nucleotides. PMID:27073895

A Forward Genetic Screening for Prostate Cancer Progression Genes

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

sequence  reads. For verifying  the  prevalence of insertions in tumors, PCR was  performed on  genomic  DNA corresponding to 15 insertional mutations using...and has been utilized with great effect in many organisms, from the bacterium to the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster [1,2]. The Sleeping Beauty (SB...TX SL JC TN. References 1. Cooley L, Kelley R, Spradling A (1988) Insertional mutagenesis of the Drosophila genome with single P elements. Science

5D Super Yang-Mills on Y p, q Sasaki-Einstein Manifolds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qiu, Jian; Zabzine, Maxim

2015-01-01

On any simply connected Sasaki-Einstein five dimensional manifold one can construct a super Yang-Mills theory which preserves at least two supersymmetries. We study the special case of toric Sasaki-Einstein manifolds known as Y p, q manifolds. We use the localisation technique to compute the full perturbative part of the partition function. The full equivariant result is expressed in terms of a certain special function which appears to be a curious generalisation of the triple sine function. As an application of our general result we study the large N behaviour for the case of single hypermultiplet in adjoint representation and we derive the N 3-behaviour in this case.

Einstein-Yang-Mills scattering amplitudes from scattering equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cachazo, Freddy; He, Song; Yuan, Ellis Ye

2015-01-01

We present the building blocks that can be combined to produce tree-level S-matrix elements of a variety of theories with various spins mixed in arbitrary dimensions. The new formulas for the scattering of n massless particles are given by integrals over the positions of n points on a sphere restricted to satisfy the scattering equations. As applications, we obtain all single-trace amplitudes in Einstein-Yang-Mills (EYM) theory, and generalizations to include scalars. Also in EYM but extended by a B-field and a dilaton, we present all double-trace gluon amplitudes. The building blocks are made of Pfaffians and Parke-Taylor-like factors of subsets of particle labels.

Occurrence of 'super soft' wheat kernel texture in hexaploid and tetraploid wheats

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Wheat kernel texture is a key trait that governs milling performance, flour starch damage, flour particle size, flour hydration properties, and baking quality. Kernel texture is commonly measured using the Perten Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS). The SKCS returns texture values (Hardness...

ION PRODUCING MECHANISM

DOEpatents

Oppenheimer, F.F.

1959-06-01

A calutron ion source is described which masks the ends of the arc to provide a more stable beam from the middle portion. The masking is effected by milling the arc slit in a single sheet of material which is secured to the open face of the arc block. (T.R.H.)

The ATRX cDNA is prone to bacterial IS10 element insertions that alter its structure.

PubMed

Valle-García, David; Griffiths, Lyra M; Dyer, Michael A; Bernstein, Emily; Recillas-Targa, Félix

2014-01-01

The SWI/SNF-like chromatin-remodeling protein ATRX has emerged as a key factor in the regulation of α-globin gene expression, incorporation of histone variants into the chromatin template and, more recently, as a frequently mutated gene across a wide spectrum of cancers. Therefore, the availability of a functional ATRX cDNA for expression studies is a valuable tool for the scientific community. We have identified two independent transposon insertions of a bacterial IS10 element into exon 8 of ATRX isoform 2 coding sequence in two different plasmids derived from a single source. We demonstrate that these insertion events are common and there is an insertion hotspot within the ATRX cDNA. Such IS10 insertions produce a truncated form of ATRX, which significantly compromises its nuclear localization. In turn, we describe ways to prevent IS10 insertion during propagation and cloning of ATRX-containing vectors, including optimal growth conditions, bacterial strains, and suggested sequencing strategies. Finally, we have generated an insertion-free plasmid that is available to the community for expression studies of ATRX.

Cryo-EM structure of lysenin pore elucidates membrane insertion by an aerolysin family protein

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bokori-Brown, Monika; Martin, Thomas G.; Naylor, Claire E.; Basak, Ajit K.; Titball, Richard W.; Savva, Christos G.

2016-04-01

Lysenin from the coelomic fluid of the earthworm Eisenia fetida belongs to the aerolysin family of small β-pore-forming toxins (β-PFTs), some members of which are pathogenic to humans and animals. Despite efforts, a high-resolution structure of a channel for this family of proteins has been elusive and therefore the mechanism of activation and membrane insertion remains unclear. Here we determine the pore structure of lysenin by single particle cryo-EM, to 3.1 Å resolution. The nonameric assembly reveals a long β-barrel channel spanning the length of the complex that, unexpectedly, includes the two pre-insertion strands flanking the hypothetical membrane-insertion loop. Examination of other members of the aerolysin family reveals high structural preservation in this region, indicating that the membrane-insertion pathway in this family is conserved. For some toxins, proteolytic activation and pro-peptide removal will facilitate unfolding of the pre-insertion strands, allowing them to form the β-barrel of the channel.

Urethral Foreign Bodies: Clinical Presentation and Management.

PubMed

Palmer, Cristina J; Houlihan, Matthew; Psutka, Sarah P; Ellis, K Alexandria; Vidal, Patricia; Hollowell, Courtney M P

2016-11-01

To review a single institution's 15-year experience with urethral foreign bodies, including evaluation, clinical findings, and treatment. In total, 27 patients comprising 35 episodes of inserted urethral foreign bodies were reviewed at Cook County Hospital between 2000 and 2015. Retrospective chart review was performed to describe the clinical presentation, rationale for insertion, management, recidivism, and sequelae. Median patient age was 26 (range 12-60). Twenty-six patients (97 %) were male, 1 was female (3%). Items inserted included pieces of plastic forks, spoons, metal screws and aluminum, pieces of cardboard or paper, staples, writing utensils such as pens and pencils, as well as coaxial cable and spray foam sealant. Reported reasons for insertion were self-stimulation, erectile enhancement, and attention seeking. Presenting symptoms included dysuria, gross hematuria, urinary retention, urinary tract infection, and penile discharge. The most common technique for removal was manual extraction with extrinsic pressure (n = 19, 54%). Other methods include endoscopic retrieval (n = 8, 23%), open cystotomy (n = 1, 3%), and voiding to expel the foreign body (n = 7, 20%). Postremoval complications included urinary tract infection (n = 7), sepsis (n = 4), urethral false passage (n = 5), laceration (n = 5), and stricture (n = 1). We present the largest single-institutional series of urethral foreign bodies to date. Urethral foreign body insertion is a relatively rare occurrence and, commonly, is a recurrent behavior. Urethral trauma related to foreign body insertion is associated with significant risk of infection and urethral injury with long-term sequelae. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A single gene mutation that increases maize seed weight

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Giroux, M.J.; Shaw, J.; Hannah, L.C.

1996-06-11

The maize endosperm-specific gene shrunken2 (Sh2) encodes the large subunit of the heterotetrameric starch synthetic enzyme adenosine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP; EC 2.7.7.27). Here we exploit an in vivo, site-specific mutagenesis system to create short insertion mutations in a region of the gene known to be involved in the allosteric regulation of AGP. The site-specific mutagen is the transposable element dissociation (Ds). Approximately one-third (8 of 23) of the germinal revertants sequenced restored the wild-type sequence, whereas the remaining revertants contained insertions of 3 or 6 bp. All revertants retained the original reading frame 3 feet to the insertion site andmore » involved the addition of tyrosine and/or serine. Each insertion revertant reduced total AGP activity and the amount of the SH2 protein. The revertant containing additional tyrosine and serine residues increased seed weight 11-18% without increasing or decreasing the percentage of starch. Other insertion revertants lacking an additional serine reduced seed weight. Reduced sensitivity to phosphate, a long-known inhibitor of AGP, was found in the high seed-weight revertant. This alteration is likely universally important since insertion of tyrosine and serine in the potato large subunit of AGP at the comparable position and expression in Escherichia coli also led to a phosphate-insensitive enzyme. These results show that single gene mutations giving rise to increased seed weight, and therefore perhaps yield, are clearly possible in a plant with a long history of intensive and successful breeding efforts. 20 refs., 5 figs., 5 tabs.« less

Definitive airway management after pre-hospital supraglottic airway insertion: Outcomes and a management algorithm for trauma patients.

PubMed

Hernandez, Matthew C; Aho, Johnathon M; Zielinski, Martin D; Zietlow, Scott P; Kim, Brian D; Morris, David S

2018-01-01

Prehospital airway management increasingly involves supraglottic airway insertion and a paucity of data evaluates outcomes in trauma populations. We aim to describe definitive airway management in traumatically injured patients who necessitated prehospital supraglottic airway insertion. We performed a single institution retrospective review of multisystem injured patients (≥15years) that received prehospital supraglottic airway insertion during 2009 to 2016. Baseline demographics, number and type of: supraglottic airway insertion attempts, definitive airway and complications were recorded. Primary outcome was need for tracheostomy. Univariate and multivariable statistics were performed. 56 patients met inclusion criteria and were reviewed, 78% were male. Median age [IQR] was 36 [24-56] years. Injuries comprised blunt (94%), penetrating (4%) and burns (2%). Median ISS was 26 [22-41]. Median number of prehospital endotracheal intubation (PETI) attempts was 2 [1-3]. Definitive airway management included: (n=20, 36%, tracheostomy), (n=10, 18%, direct laryngoscopy), (n=6, 11%, bougie), (n=9, 15%, Glidescope), (n=11, 20%, bronchoscopic assistance). 24-hour mortality was 41%. Increasing number of PETI was associated with increasing facial injury. On regression, increasing cervical and facial injury patterns as well as number of PETI were associated with definitive airway control via surgical tracheostomy. After supraglottic airway insertion, operative or non-operative approaches can be utilized to obtain a definitive airway. Patients with increased craniofacial injuries have an increased risk for airway complications and need for tracheostomy. We used these factors to generate an evidence based algorithm that requires prospective validation. Level IV - Retrospective study. Retrospective single institution study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Insertion of lattice strains into ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel by mechanical stress: A comparison of perfect versus imperfect structures as a cathode for Li-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kozawa, Takahiro; Murakami, Takeshi; Naito, Makio

2016-07-01

The Ni-doped lithium manganese oxide, LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4, has received much attention as a cathode active material in high-energy lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). This active material has two different spinel structures depending on the ordering state of the Ni and Mn ions. The ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel has an inferior cathode performance than the disordered phase because of its poor electronic conductivity. However, the ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel possesses the potential advantage of avoiding dissolution of the Mn ion, which is an issue for the disordered spinel. The improvement of cathode performance is important for future applications. Here, we report a unique approach to improve the cathode performance of the ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel. The mechanical treatment using an attrition-type mill successfully inserted lattice strains into the ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel structure without a phase transformation to the disordered phase. The insertion of lattice strains by mechanical stresses provided an increased discharge capacity and a decreased charge transfer resistance. This limited crystal structure modification improved the cathode performance. The present work has the potential for application of the mechanically treated ordered LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 spinel as a cathode for high-energy LIBs.

A 3-year multicenter study of marginal bone level and soft tissue health of a 1-piece implant.

PubMed

Baer, Russell A; Shanaman, Richard; Clark, Paul K; Medley, Michael

2013-08-01

The study evaluated 1-piece implants in daily clinical situations. One-piece implants restoring both single teeth and partially edentulous sites were included. A single-stage procedure was used with immediate provisionalization within 24 hours after surgery. The definitive prosthesis was delivered within 6 months of implant insertion. One hundred fifteen implants have been placed in 84 patients at 4 centers. Two implants failed resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 98.3%. Normal periimplant mucosa and no visible plaque were observed in most of the implants. The soft tissue papilla scores improved considerably over time P < 0.001. Patient assessment improved significantly from implant insertion to the 3-year visit, P < 0.001. The mean bone level at implant insertion, 6-month, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year visits was 0.42, -0.58, -0.69, -0.80, and -0.66 mm, respectively. The mean change in bone level from implant insertion to 6 months and 1, 2, and 3 years was reported as -1.02, -1.12, -1.26, and -1.07 mm, respectively. The results indicate that this implant has the ability to preserve both hard and soft tissues' architecture.

Implanon NXT: Expert tips for best-practice insertion and removal.

PubMed

Pearson, Suzanne; Stewart, Mary; Bateson, Deborah

2017-03-01

The single rod etonogestrel contraceptive implant is available in Australia as Implanon NXT. It is a highly effective, long-acting reversible contraceptive method, which is suitable for most women across the reproductive lifespan. This article provides practical advice for clinicians who already insert and remove the contraceptive implant, as well as advice for those who have not yet acquired this procedural skill. Contraceptive implant procedures are usually performed in the general practice setting. Clinicians can support women in making an informed choice to have an implant by providing information about their benefits, side effects and risks, and timely access to insertion. Training in the procedures and compliance with procedural instructions are essential to minimise risks, including deep insertion and damage to neurovascular structures.

Database Design for the Evaluation of On-shore and Off-Shore Storm Characteristics over East Central Florida

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simpson, Amy A.; Wilson, Jennifer G.; Brown, Robert G.

2015-01-01

Data from multiple sources is needed to investigate lightning characteristics over differing terrain (on-shore vs. off-shore) by comparing natural cloud-to-ground lightning behavior differences depending on the characteristics of attachment mediums. The KSC Lightning Research Database (KLRD) was created to reduce manual data entry time and aid research by combining information from various data sources into a single record for each unique lightning event of interest. The KLRD uses automatic data handling functions to import data from a lightning detection network and identify and record lighting events of interest. Additional automatic functions import data from the NASA Buoy 41009 (located approximately 20 miles off the coast) and the KSC Electric Field Mill network, then match these electric field mill values to the corresponding lightning events. The KLRD calculates distances between each lightning event and the various electric field mills, aids in identifying the location type for each stroke (i.e., on-shore vs. off-shore, etc.), provides statistics on the number of strokes per flash, and produces customizable reports for quick retrieval and logical display of data. Data from February 2014 to date covers 48 unique storm dates with 2295 flashes containing 5700 strokes, of which 2612 are off-shore and 1003 are on-shore. The number of strokes per flash ranges from 1 to 22. The ratio of single to subsequent stroke flashes is 1.29 for off-shore strokes and 2.19 for on-shore strokes.

Optical and electrical characterizations of a single step ion beam milling mesa devices of chloride passivated PbS colloidal quantum dots based film

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hechster, Elad, E-mail: elad.hechster@gmail.com; Sarusi, Gabby; Shapiro, Arthur

Colloidal Quantum Dots (CQDs) are of increasing interest, thanks to their quantum size effect that gives rise to their usage in various applications, such as biological tagging, solar cells and as the sensitizing layer of night vision devices. Here, we analyze the optical absorbance of chloride passivated PbS CQDs as well as revealing a correlation between their photoluminescence and sizes distribution, using theoretical models and experimental results from the literature. Next, we calculate the CQDs resistivity as a film. Although resistivity can be calculated from sheet resistance measurement using four point probes, such measurement is usually carried-out on the layer’smore » surface that in most cases has dangling bonds and surface states, which might affect the charges flow and modify the resistivity. Therefore; our approach, which was applied in this work, is to extract the actual resistivity from measurements that are performed along the film’s thickness (z-direction). For this intent, we fabricated gold capped PbS mesas devices using a single step Ion Beam Milling (IBM) process where we milled the gold and the PbS film continually, and then measured the vertical resistance. Knowing the mesas’ dimensions, we calculate the resistivity. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has extracted, vertically, the resistivity of chloride passivated PbS CQDs using the above method.« less

Bremsstrahlung function, leading Lüscher correction at weak coupling and localization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonini, Marisa; Griguolo, Luca; Preti, Michelangelo; Seminara, Domenico

2016-02-01

We discuss the near BPS expansion of the generalized cusp anomalous dimension with L units of R-charge. Integrability provides an exact solution, obtained by solving a general TBA equation in the appropriate limit: we propose here an alternative method based on supersymmetric localization. The basic idea is to relate the computation to the vacuum expectation value of certain 1/8 BPS Wilson loops with local operator insertions along the contour. These observables localize on a two-dimensional gauge theory on S 2, opening the possibility of exact calculations. As a test of our proposal, we reproduce the leading Lüscher correction at weak coupling to the generalized cusp anomalous dimension. This result is also checked against a genuine Feynman diagram approach in {N}=4 Super Yang-Mills theory.

Analytic Solution to the Problem of Aircraft Electric Field Mill Calibration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koshak, William

2003-01-01

It is by no means a simple task to retrieve storm electric fields from an aircraft instrumented with electric field mill sensors. The presence of the aircraft distorts the ambient field in a complicated way. Before retrievals of the storm field can be made, the field mill measurement system must be "calibrated". In other words, a relationship between impressed (i.e., ambient) electric field and mill output must be established. If this relationship can be determined, it is mathematically inverted so that ambient field can be inferred from the mill outputs. Previous studies have primarily focused on linear theories where the relationship between ambient field and mill output is described by a "calibration matrix" M. Each element of the matrix describes how a particular component of the ambient field is enhanced by the aircraft. For example the product M(sub ix), E(sub x), is the contribution of the E(sub x) field to the i(th) mill output. Similarly, net aircraft charge (described by a "charge field component" E(sub q)) contributes an amount M(sub iq)E(sub q) to the output of the i(th) sensor. The central difficulty in obtaining M stems from the fact that the impressed field (E(sub x), E(sub y), E(sub z), E(sub q) is not known but is instead estimated. Typically, the aircraft is flown through a series of roll and pitch maneuvers in fair weather, and the values of the fair weather field and aircraft charge are estimated at each point along the aircraft trajectory. These initial estimates are often highly inadequate, but several investigators have improved the estimates by implementing various (ad hoc) iterative methods. Unfortunately, none of the iterative methods guarantee absolute convergence to correct values (i.e., absolute convergence to correct values has not been rigorously proven). In this work, the mathematical problem is solved directly by analytic means. For m mills installed on an arbitrary aircraft, it is shown that it is possible to solve for a single 2m-vector that provides all other needed variables (i.e., the unknown fair weather field, the unknown aircraft charge, and the unknown matrix M). Numerical tests of the solution, effects of measurement errors, and studies of solution non-uniqueness are ongoing as of this writing.

A microcomputed tomography evaluation of the marginal fit of cobalt-chromium alloy copings fabricated by new manufacturing techniques and alloy systems.

PubMed

Kim, Eun-Ha; Lee, Du-Hyeong; Kwon, Sung-Min; Kwon, Tae-Yub

2017-03-01

Although new digital manufacturing techniques are attracting interest in dentistry, few studies have comprehensively investigated the marginal fit of fixed dental prostheses fabricated with such techniques. The purpose of this in vitro microcomputed tomography (μCT) study was to evaluate the marginal fit of cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) alloy copings fabricated by casting and 3 different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM)-based processing techniques and alloy systems. Single Co-Cr metal crowns were fabricated using 4 different manufacturing techniques: casting (control), milling, selective laser melting, and milling/sintering. Two different commercial alloy systems were used for each fabrication technique (a total of 8 groups; n=10 for each group). The marginal discrepancy and absolute marginal discrepancy of the crowns were determined with μCT. For each specimen, the values were determined from 4 different regions (sagittal buccal, sagittal lingual, coronal mesial, and coronal distal) by using imaging software and recorded as the average of the 4 readings. For each parameter, the results were statistically compared with 2-way analysis of variance and appropriate post hoc analysis (using Tukey or Student t test) (α=.05). The milling and selective laser melting groups showed significantly larger marginal discrepancies than the control groups (70.4 ±12.0 and 65.3 ±10.1 μm, respectively; P<.001), whereas the milling/sintering groups exhibited significantly smaller values than the controls (P=.004). The milling groups showed significantly larger absolute marginal discrepancy than the control groups (137.4 ±29.0 and 139.2 ±18.9 μm, respectively; P<.05). In the selective laser melting and milling/sintering groups, the absolute marginal discrepancy values were material-specific (P<.05). Nonetheless, the milling/sintering groups yielded statistically comparable (P=.935) or smaller (P<.001) absolute marginal discrepancies to the control groups. The findings of this in vitro μCT study showed that the marginal fit values of the Co-Cr alloy greatly depended on the fabrication methods and, occasionally, the alloy systems. Fixed dental prostheses produced by using the milling/sintering technique can be considered clinically acceptable in terms of marginal fit. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tool simplifies machining of pipe ends for precision welding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matus, S. T.

1969-01-01

Single tool prepares a pipe end for precision welding by simultaneously performing internal machining, end facing, and bevel cutting to specification standards. The machining operation requires only one milling adjustment, can be performed quickly, and produces the high quality pipe-end configurations required to ensure precision-welded joints.

Corn fiber utilization for production of Schizophyllan

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Corn fiber is an abundant coproduct of the corn wet milling process, primarily composed of the seed pericarp and adherent starch. Schizophyllan is a biopolymer composed entirely of glucose, with a ß-1,3-linked backbone and single ß-1,6-linked glucose side chains at every third residue, produced by t...

J-tube technique for double-j stent insertion during laparoscopic upper urinary tract surgical procedures.

PubMed

Kim, Hyung Suk; Lee, Byung Ki; Jung, Jin-Woo; Lee, Jung Keun; Byun, Seok-Soo; Lee, Sang Eun; Jeong, Chang Wook

2014-11-01

Double-J stent insertion has been generally performed during laparoscopic upper urinary tract (UUT) surgical procedures to prevent transient urinary tract obstruction and postoperative flank pain from ureteral edema and blood clots. Several restrictive conditions that make this procedure difficult and time consuming, however, include the coiled distal ends of the flexible Double-J stent and the limited bending angle of the laparoscopic instruments. To overcome these limitations, we devised a Double-J stent insertion method using the new J-tube technique. Between July 2011 and May 2013, Double-J stents were inserted using the J-tube technique in 33 patients who underwent a laparoscopic UUT surgical procedure by a single surgeon. The mean stent placement time was 4.8±2.7 minutes, and there were no intraoperative complications. In conclusion, the J-tube technique is a safe and time-saving method for Double-J stent insertion during laparoscopic surgical procedures.

The incidence of blood contamination of lead unit dose containers with and without single-use protective inserts used with commercially prepared radiopharmaceutical unit doses.

PubMed

Pickett, M W; Kosegi, J E; Thomas, K S; Waterstram-Rich, K M

1998-09-01

This investigation evaluated the effectiveness of disposable plastic inserts in radiopharmaceutical unit dose lead containers (pigs) in preventing the distribution of doses in blood-contaminated containers. Technologists commonly dispose of the syringes by placing them into the lead pigs, leaving the needles uncapped. This process raises the question of unsuspected blood contamination of these pigs. Consequently, the distribution of commercially prepared radiopharmaceutical doses in reusable lead pigs may result in radiopharmaceutical doses being distributed in containers that are contaminated with blood. Using a simple chemical wipe test designed to determine the presence or absence of blood contamination, 618 pigs from commercial radiopharmacies throughout the U.S. were tested for contamination. The inside of the pigs and inserts, if present, were wiped before and after dose administration. Of the pigs tested, 292 came from radiopharmacies that used a protective, disposable plastic insert inside the pig, and 326 came from radiopharmacies that did not use an insert. Of those pigs without the protective disposable inserts, 39.3% arrived in the nuclear medicine department in pigs contaminated with blood. Of those pigs with inserts, 1% arrived with blood-contaminated inserts. After dose administration, 46.3% of the pigs without inserts were contaminated with blood and 3% of the protective inserts were contaminated. The proper use of disposable plastic inserts reduces the possibility of distributing radiopharmaceutical unit doses in containers contaminated with blood.

Looking into flowering time in almond (Prunus dulcis (Mill) D. A. Webb): the candidate gene approach.

PubMed

Silva, C; Garcia-Mas, J; Sánchez, A M; Arús, P; Oliveira, M M

2005-03-01

Blooming time is one of the most important agronomic traits in almond. Biochemical and molecular events underlying flowering regulation must be understood before methods to stimulate late flowering can be developed. Attempts to elucidate the genetic control of this process have led to the identification of a major gene (Lb) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to observed phenotypic differences, but although this gene and these QTLs have been placed on the Prunus reference genetic map, their sequences and specific functions remain unknown. The aim of our investigation was to associate these loci with known genes using a candidate gene approach. Two almond cDNAs and eight Prunus expressed sequence tags were selected as candidate genes (CGs) since their sequences were highly identical to those of flowering regulatory genes characterized in other species. The CGs were amplified from both parental lines of the mapping population using specific primers. Sequence comparison revealed DNA polymorphisms between the parental lines, mainly of the single nucleotide type. Polymorphisms were used to develop co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers or length polymorphisms based on insertion/deletion events for mapping the candidate genes on the Prunus reference map. Ten candidate genes were assigned to six linkage groups in the Prunus genome. The positions of two of these were compatible with the regions where two QTLs for blooming time were detected. One additional candidate was localized close to the position of the Evergrowing gene, which determines a non-deciduous behaviour in peach.

Influence of nanomechanical crystal properties on the comminution process of particulate solids in spiral jet mills.

PubMed

Zügner, Sascha; Marquardt, Karin; Zimmermann, Ingfried

2006-02-01

Elastic-plastic properties of single crystals are supposed to influence the size reduction process of bulk materials during jet milling. According to Pahl [M.H. Pahl, Zerkleinerungstechnik 2. Auflage. Fachbuchverlag, Leipzig (1993)] and H. Rumpf: [Prinzipien der Prallzerkleinerung und ihre Anwendung bei der Strahlmahlung. Chem. Ing. Tech., 3(1960) 129-135.] fracture toughness, maximum strain or work of fracture for example are strongly dependent on mechanical parameters like hardness (H) and young's modulus of elasticity (E). In addition the dwell time of particles in a spiral jet mill proved to correlate with the hardness of the feed material [F. Rief: Ph. D. Thesis, University of Würzburg (2001)]. Therefore 'near-surface' properties have a direct influence on the effectiveness of the comminution process. The mean particle diameter as well as the size distribution of the ground product may vary significantly with the nanomechanical response of the material. Thus accurate measurement of crystals' hardness and modulus is essential to determine the ideal operational micronisation conditions of the spiral jet mill. The recently developed nanoindentation technique is applied to examine subsurface properties of pharmaceutical bulk materials, namely calcite, sodium ascorbate, lactose and sodium chloride. Pressing a small sized tip into the material while continuously recording load and displacement, characteristic diagrams are derived. The mathematical evaluation of the force-displacement-data allows for calculation of the hardness and the elastic modulus of the investigated material at penetration depths between 50-300 nm. Grinding experiments performed with a modified spiral jet mill (Type Fryma JMRS 80) indicate the strong impact of the elastic-plastic properties of a given substance on its breaking behaviour. The fineness of milled products produced at constant grinding conditions but with different crystalline powders varies significantly as it is dependent on the nanohardness and the elasticity of the feed material. The analysis of this correlation gives new insights into the size reduction process.

Linear motion device and method for inserting and withdrawing control rods

DOEpatents

Smith, Jay E.

1984-01-01

A linear motion device, more specifically a control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) for inserting and withdrawing control rods into a reactor core, is capable of independently and sequentially positioning two sets of control rods with a single motor stator and rotor. The CRDM disclosed can control more than one control rod lead screw without incurring a substantial increase in the size of the mechanism.

Facile insertion of a cyclic alkyl(amino) carbene carbon into the B-B bond of diboron(4) reagents.

PubMed

Eichhorn, Antonius F; Kuehn, Laura; Marder, Todd B; Radius, Udo

2017-10-24

We report herein the room temperature insertion of the carbene carbon atom of the cyclic (alkyl)(amino) carbene cAAC Me into the B-B single bonds of the diboron(4) compounds B 2 pin 2 , B 2 cat 2 , B 2 neop 2 , and B 2 eg 2 (pin = pinacolato, cat = catecholato, neop = neopentylglycolato, eg = ethyleneglycolato).

Biomechanical properties of double- and single-row suture anchor repair for surgical treatment of insertional Achilles tendinopathy.

PubMed

Beitzel, Knut; Mazzocca, Augustus D; Obopilwe, Elifho; Boyle, James W; McWilliam, James; Rincon, Lina; Dhar, Yasmin; Arciero, Robert A; Amendola, Annunziato

2013-07-01

Because of intratendinous ossifications, retrocalcaneal bursitis, or intratendinous necrosis commonly found in insertional tendinosis, it is often necessary to detach the tendon partially or entirely from its tendon-to-bone junction. Double-row repair for insertional Achilles tendinopathy will generate an increased contact area and demonstrate higher biomechanical stability. Controlled laboratory study. Eighteen cadaver Achilles tendons were split longitudinally and detached, exposing the calcaneus; an ostectomy was performed and the tendon was reattached to the calcaneus in 1 of 2 ways: 2 suture anchors (single row) or a 4-anchor (double row) construct. Footprint area measurements over time, displacement after cyclic loading (2000 cycles), and final load to failure were measured. The double-row refixation technique was statistically superior to the single-row technique in footprint area measurement initially and 5 minutes after repair (P = .009 and P = .01, respectively) but not after 24 hours (P = .713). The double-row construct demonstrated significantly improved measures for peak load (433.9 ± 84.3 N vs 212.0 ± 49.7 N; P = .042), load at yield (354.7 ± 106.2 N vs 198.7 ± 39.5 N; P = .01), and slope (51.8 ± 9.9 N/mm vs 66.7 ± 16.2 N/mm; P = .021). Cyclic loading did not demonstrate significant differences between the 2 constructs. Double-row construct for reinsertion of a completely detached Achilles tendon using proximal and distal rows resulted in significantly larger contact area initially and 5 minutes after repair and led to significantly higher peak load to failure on destructive testing. In treatment for insertional Achilles tendinosis, the tendon often has to be detached and anatomically reattached to its insertion at the calcaneus. To our knowledge there is a lack of biomechanical studies supporting either a number or a pattern of suture anchor fixation. Because the stresses going across the insertion site of the Achilles tendon are significant during rehabilitation and weightbearing activities, it is imperative to have a strong construct that allows satisfactory healing during the early postoperative process.

An in vitro biomechanical comparison of equine proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis techniques: an axial positioned dynamic compression plate and two abaxial transarticular cortical screws inserted in lag fashion versus three parallel transarticular cortical screws inserted in lag fashion.

PubMed

Sod, Gary A; Riggs, Laura M; Mitchell, Colin F; Hubert, Jeremy D; Martin, George S

2010-01-01

To compare in vitro monotonic biomechanical properties of an axial 3-hole, 4.5 mm narrow dynamic compression plate (DCP) using 5.5 mm cortical screws in conjunction with 2 abaxial transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion (DCP-TLS) with 3 parallel transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion (3-TLS) for the equine proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthrodesis. Paired in vitro biomechanical testing of 2 methods of stabilizing cadaveric adult equine forelimb PIP joints. Cadaveric adult equine forelimbs (n=15 pairs). For each forelimb pair, 1 PIP joint was stabilized with an axial 3-hole narrow DCP (4.5 mm) using 5.5 mm cortical screws in conjunction with 2 abaxial transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion and 1 with 3 parallel transarticular 5.5 mm cortical screws inserted in lag fashion. Five matching pairs of constructs were tested in single cycle to failure under axial compression, 5 construct pairs were tested for cyclic fatigue under axial compression, and 5 construct pairs were tested in single cycle to failure under torsional loading. Mean values for each fixation method were compared using a paired t-test within each group with statistical significance set at P<.05. Mean yield load, yield stiffness, and failure load under axial compression and torsion, single cycle to failure, of the DCP-TLS fixation were significantly greater than those of the 3-TLS fixation. Mean cycles to failure in axial compression of the DCP-TLS fixation was significantly greater than that of the 3-TLS fixation. The DCP-TLS was superior to the 3-TLS in resisting the static overload forces and in resisting cyclic fatigue. The results of this in vitro study may provide information to aid in the selection of a treatment modality for arthrodesis of the equine PIP joint.

The effects of processing techniques on magnesium-based composite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodzi, Siti Nur Hazwani Mohamad; Zuhailawati, Hussain

2016-12-01

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of processing techniques on the densification, hardness and compressive strength of Mg alloy and Mg-based composite for biomaterial application. The control sample (pure Mg) and Mg-based composite (Mg-Zn/HAp) were fabricated through mechanical alloying process using high energy planetary mill, whilst another Mg-Zn/HAp composite was fabricated through double step processing (the matrix Mg-Zn alloy was fabricated by planetary mill, subsequently HAp was dispersed by roll mill). As-milled powder was then consolidated by cold press into 10 mm diameter pellet under 400 MPa compaction pressure before being sintered at 300 °C for 1 hour under the flow of argon. The densification of the sintered pellets were then determined by Archimedes principle. Mechanical properties of the sintered pellets were characterized by microhardness and compression test. The results show that the density of the pellets was significantly increased by addition of HAp, but the most optimum density was observed when the sample was fabricated through double step processing (1.8046 g/cm3). Slight increment in hardness and ultimate compressive strength were observed for Mg-Zn/HAp composite that was fabricated through double step processing (58.09 HV, 132.19 MPa), as compared to Mg-Zn/HAp produced through single step processing (47.18 HV, 122.49 MPa).

Biocompatible nanocrystalline natural bonelike carbonated hydroxyapatite synthesized by mechanical alloying in a record minimum time.

PubMed

Lala, S; Brahmachari, S; Das, P K; Das, D; Kar, T; Pradhan, S K

2014-09-01

Single phase nanocrystalline biocompatible A-type carbonated hydroxyapatite (A-cHAp) powder has been synthesized by mechanical alloying the stoichiometric mixture of CaCO3 and CaHPO4.2H2O powders in open air at room temperature within 2h of milling. The A-type carbonation in HAp is confirmed by FTIR analysis. Structural and microstructure parameters of as-milled powders are obtained from both Rietveld's powder structure refinement analysis and transmission electron microscopy. Size and lattice strain of nanocrystalline HAp particles are found to be anisotropic in nature. Mechanical alloying causes amorphization of a part of crystalline A-cHAp which is analogous to native bone mineral. Some primary bond lengths of as-milled samples are critically measured. MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay test reveals high percentage of cell viability and hence confirms the biocompatibility of the sample. The overall results indicate that the processed A-cHAp has a chemical composition very close to that of biological apatite. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mid-infrared study of stones from the Sutter's Mill meteorite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nuevo, Michel; Sandford, Scott A.; Flynn, George J.; Wirick, Susan

2014-11-01

The Sutter's Mill meteorite fell in northern California on April 22, 2012. Several fragments of the meteorite were recovered, some of them shortly after the fall, others several days later after a heavy rainstorm. In this work, we analyzed several samples of four fragments―SM2, SM12, SM20, and SM30―from the Sutter's Mill meteorite with two infrared (IR) microscopes operating in the 4000-650 cm-1 (2.5-15.4 μm) range. Spectra show absorption features associated with minerals such as olivines, phyllosilicates, carbonates, and possibly pyroxenes, as well as organics. Spectra of specific minerals vary from one particle to another within a given stone, and even within a single particle, indicating a nonuniform mineral composition. Infrared features associated with aliphatic CH2 and CH3 groups associated with organics are also seen in several spectra. However, the presence of organics in the samples studied is not clear because these features overlap with carbonate overtone bands. Finally, other samples collected within days after the rainstorm show evidence for bacterial terrestrial contamination, which indicates how quickly meteorites can be contaminated on such small scales.

Correlation between atmospheric electric fields and cloud cover using a field mill and cloud observation data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamori, Kota; Suzuki, Yasuki; Ohya, Hiroyo; Takano, Toshiaki; Kawamura, Yohei; Nakata, Hiroyuki; Yamashita, Kozo

2017-04-01

It is known that lightning and precipitations of rain droplets generated from thunderclouds are a generator of global atmospheric electric circuit. In the fair weather, the atmospheric electric fields (AEF) are downward (positive), while they are upward (negative) during lightning and precipitations. However, the correlations between the AEF, and the cloud parameters such as cloud cover, weather phenomenon, have been not revealed quantitatively yet. In this study, we investigate the correlations between the AEF and the cloud parameters, weather phenomenon using a field mill, the 95 GHz-FALCON (FMCW Radar for Cloud Observations)-I and all-sky camera observations. In this study, we installed a Boltek field mill on the roof of our building in Chiba University, Japan, (Geographic coordinate: 35.63 degree N, 140.10 degree E, the sea level: 55 m) on the first June, 2016. The sampling time of the AEF is 0.5 s. On the other hand, the FALCON-I has observed the cloud parameters far from about 76 m of the field mill throughout 24 hours every day. The vertical cloud profiles and the Doppler velocity of cloud particles can be derived by the FALCON-I with high distance resolutions (48.8 m) (Takano et al., 2010). In addition, the images of the clouds and precipitations are recorded with 30-s sampling by an all-sky camera using a CCD camera on the same roof during 05:00-22:00 LT every day. The distance between the field mill and the all-sky camera is 3.75 m. During 08:30 UT - 10:30 UT, on 4 July, 2016, we found the variation of the AEF due to the approach of thundercloud. The variation consisted of two patterns. One was slow variation due to the movement of thunderclouds, and the other was rapid variation associated with lightning discharges. As for the movement of thunderclouds, the AEF increased when the anvil was located over the field mill, which was opposite direction of the previous studies. This change might be due to the positive charges in the upper anvil more than 14 km altitude. As for the rapid variations of the AEF, 12 peaks of the AEF coincided with the occurrence of the lightning within 37 km. Moreover, we developed the automatic procedure to estimate the cloud cover from cloud optical images using the RGB color values. We estimated the correlation between the cloud cover and the AEF during June - November, 2016. The AEF decreased with increasing the cloud cover. This trend may be caused by the dielectric polarization due to the insert of the dielectric clouds into the global condenser. The standard deviation of AEF was small when the cloud cover increased. In this session, we will show the variations in the AEF during usual precipitations and snowing.

7 CFR 868.310 - Grades and grade requirements for the classes Long Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice. (See also Â... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.310 Grades and grade requirements for the classes Long Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice...

7 CFR 868.310 - Grades and grade requirements for the classes Long Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice. (See also Â... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.310 Grades and grade requirements for the classes Long Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice...

Aspergillus niger P6 and Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CH4 used for olive mill wastewater (OMW) biological treatment in single pure and successive cultures.

PubMed

Jarboui, Raja; Magdich, Salwa; Ayadi, Raja Jarboui; Gargouri, Ali; Gharsallah, Néji; Ammar, Emna

2013-01-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the Rhodotorula mucilaginosa CH4 and Aspergillus niger P6 abilities to purify olive mill wastewater (OMW) in single pure and mixed cultures during the treatment. Both fungi were molecularly identified. OMW was used at five dilutions from 5% to 30% with chemical oxygen demand (COD) ranging from 11,600 to 24,600 mg L(-1). Firstly, each fungus was used separately, then they were successively used to treat the OMW. In single pure culture, A. niger showed a better efficiency in OMW purification than R. mucilaginosa. Furthermore, when successively used, the two studied strains exhibited improvements in the decrease of COD, polyphenolic compounds concentration and effluent colour. COD removals were 95.68-56.71% by R. mucilaginosa and 98.02-69.51% by A. niger for OMW dilutions varying from 5% to 30%. Both strains showed an important polyphenolic compounds removal of 83-45% by R. mucilaginosa and 94-58% by A. niger, in accordance with the OMW COD initially used. The COD and phenolic compound removals fitted simple equation models, with high regression coefficients. The strains' growth kinetics decreased according to the OMW concentration, but, when successively used, fungal growth was improved, allowing efficient effluent treatment.

Phylogeny of early Australopithecus: new fossil evidence from the Woranso-Mille (central Afar, Ethiopia)

PubMed Central

Haile-Selassie, Yohannes

2010-01-01

The earliest evidence of Australopithecus goes back to ca 4.2 Ma with the first recorded appearance of Australopithecus ‘anamensis’ at Kanapoi, Kenya. Australopithecus afarensis is well documented between 3.6 and 3.0 Ma mainly from deposits at Laetoli (Tanzania) and Hadar (Ethiopia). The phylogenetic relationship of these two ‘species’ is hypothesized as ancestor–descendant. However, the lack of fossil evidence from the time between 3.6 and 3.9 Ma has been one of its weakest points. Recent fieldwork in the Woranso-Mille study area in the Afar region of Ethiopia has yielded fossil hominids dated between 3.6 and 3.8 Ma. These new fossils play a significant role in testing the proposed relationship between Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis. The Woranso-Mille hominids (3.6–3.8 Ma) show a mosaic of primitive, predominantly Au. anamensis-like, and some derived (Au. afarensis-like) dentognathic features. Furthermore, they show that, as currently known, there are no discrete and functionally significant anatomical differences between Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis. Based on the currently available evidence, it appears that there is no compelling evidence to falsify the hypothesis of ‘chronospecies pair’ or ancestor–descendant relationship between Au. anamensis and Au. afarensis. Most importantly, however, the temporally and morphologically intermediate Woranso-Mille hominids indicate that the species names Au. afarensis and Au. anamensis do not refer to two real species, but rather to earlier and later representatives of a single phyletically evolving lineage. However, if retaining these two names is necessary for communication purposes, the Woranso-Mille hominids are best referred to as Au. anamensis based on new dentognathic evidence. PMID:20855306

Impact of process parameters on the breakage kinetics of poorly water-soluble drugs during wet stirred media milling: a microhydrodynamic view.

PubMed

Afolabi, Afolawemi; Akinlabi, Olakemi; Bilgili, Ecevit

2014-01-23

Wet stirred media milling has proven to be a robust process for producing nanoparticle suspensions of poorly water-soluble drugs. As the process is expensive and energy-intensive, it is important to study the breakage kinetics, which determines the cycle time and production rate for a desired fineness. Although the impact of process parameters on the properties of final product suspensions has been investigated, scant information is available regarding their impact on the breakage kinetics. Here, we elucidate the impact of stirrer speed, bead concentration, and drug loading on the breakage kinetics via a microhydrodynamic model for the bead-bead collisions. Suspensions of griseofulvin, a model poorly water-soluble drug, were prepared in the presence of two stabilizers: hydroxypropyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate. Laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and rheometry were used to characterize them. Various microhydrodynamic parameters including a newly defined milling intensity factor was calculated. An increase in either the stirrer speed or the bead concentration led to an increase in the specific energy and the milling intensity factor, consequently faster breakage. On the other hand, an increase in the drug loading led to a decrease in these parameters and consequently slower breakage. While all microhydrodynamic parameters provided significant physical insight, only the milling intensity factor was capable of explaining the influence of all parameters directly through its strong correlation with the process time constant. Besides guiding process optimization, the analysis rationalizes the preparation of a single high drug-loaded batch (20% or higher) instead of multiple dilute batches. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Marginal discrepancy of noble metal-ceramic fixed dental prosthesis frameworks fabricated by conventional and digital technologies.

PubMed

Afify, Ahmed; Haney, Stephan; Verrett, Ronald; Mansueto, Michael; Cray, James; Johnson, Russell

2018-02-01

Studies evaluating the marginal adaptation of available computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) noble alloys for metal-ceramic prostheses are lacking. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the vertical marginal adaptation of cast, milled, and direct metal laser sintered (DMLS) noble metal-ceramic 3-unit fixed partial denture (FDP) frameworks before and after fit adjustments. Two typodont teeth were prepared for metal-ceramic FDP abutments. An acrylic resin pattern of the prepared teeth was fabricated and cast in nickel-chromium (Ni-Cr) alloy. Each specimen group (cast, milled, DMLS) was composed of 12 casts made from 12 impressions (n=12). A single design for the FDP substructure was created on a laboratory scanner and used for designing the specimens in the 3 groups. Each specimen was fitted to its corresponding cast by using up to 5 adjustment cycles, and marginal discrepancies were measured on the master Ni-Cr model before and after laboratory fit adjustments. The milled and DMLS groups had smaller marginal discrepancy measurements than those of the cast group (P<.001). Significant differences were found in the number of adjustments among the groups, with the milled group requiring the minimum number of adjustments, followed by the DMLS and cast groups (F=30.643, P<.001). Metal-ceramic noble alloy frameworks fabricated by using a CAD-CAM workflow had significantly smaller marginal discrepancies compared with those with a traditional cast workflow, with the milled group demonstrating the best marginal fit among the 3 test groups. Manual refining significantly enhanced the marginal fit of all groups. All 3 groups demonstrated marginal discrepancies within the range of clinical acceptability. Copyright © 2017 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lambda Red Mediated Gap Repair Utilizes a Novel Replicative Intermediate in Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Reddy, Thimma R.; Fevat, Léna M. S.; Munson, Sarah E.; Stewart, A. Francis; Cowley, Shaun M.

2015-01-01

The lambda phage Red recombination system can mediate efficient homologous recombination in Escherichia coli, which is the basis of the DNA engineering technique termed recombineering. Red mediated insertion of DNA requires DNA replication, involves a single-stranded DNA intermediate and is more efficient on the lagging strand of the replication fork. Lagging strand recombination has also been postulated to explain the Red mediated repair of gapped plasmids by an Okazaki fragment gap filling model. Here, we demonstrate that gap repair involves a different strand independent mechanism. Gap repair assays examining the strand asymmetry of recombination did not show a lagging strand bias. Directly testing an ssDNA plasmid showed lagging strand recombination is possible but dsDNA plasmids did not employ this mechanism. Insertional recombination combined with gap repair also did not demonstrate preferential lagging strand bias, supporting a different gap repair mechanism. The predominant recombination route involved concerted insertion and subcloning though other routes also operated at lower frequencies. Simultaneous insertion of DNA resulted in modification of both strands and was unaffected by mutations to DNA polymerase I, responsible for Okazaki fragment maturation. The lower efficiency of an alternate Red mediated ends-in recombination pathway and the apparent lack of a Holliday junction intermediate suggested that gap repair does not involve a different Red recombination pathway. Our results may be explained by a novel replicative intermediate in gap repair that does not involve a replication fork. We exploited these observations by developing a new recombineering application based on concerted insertion and gap repair, termed SPI (subcloning plus insertion). SPI selected against empty vector background and selected for correct gap repair recombinants. We used SPI to simultaneously insert up to four different gene cassettes in a single recombineering reaction. Consequently, our findings have important implications for the understanding of E. coli replication and Red recombination. PMID:25803509

Longleaf pine can catch up

Treesearch

William D. Boyer

1997-01-01

One of the principal southern pines, longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) is the key tree species in a fire-dependent ecosystem. In pm-settlement times, longleaf pine forests covered much of the southeastern United States.Once the most extensive forest ecosystem in North America dominated by a single species longleaf pine now occupies only about 3...

The Correlation between Insertion Depth of Prodisc-C Artificial Disc and Postoperative Kyphotic Deformity: Clinical Importance of Insertion Depth of Artificial Disc.

PubMed

Lee, Do-Youl; Kim, Se-Hoon; Suh, Jung-Keun; Cho, Tai-Hyoung; Chung, Yong-Gu

2012-09-01

This study was designed to investigate the correlation between insertion depth of artificial disc and postoperative kyphotic deformity after Prodisc-C total disc replacement surgery, and the range of artificial disc insertion depth which is effective in preventing postoperative whole cervical or segmental kyphotic deformity. A retrospective radiological analysis was performed in 50 patients who had undergone single level total disc replacement surgery. Records were reviewed to obtain demographic data. Preoperative and postoperative radiographs were assessed to determine C2-7 Cobb's angle and segmental angle and to investigate postoperative kyphotic deformity. A formula was introduced to calculate insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc. Statistical analysis was performed to search the correlation between insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc and postoperative kyphotic deformity, and to estimate insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc to prevent postoperative kyphotic deformity. In this study no significant statistical correlation was observed between insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc and postoperative kyphotic deformity regarding C2-7 Cobb's angle. Statistical correlation between insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc and postoperative kyphotic deformity was observed regarding segmental angle (p<0.05). It failed to estimate proper insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc effective in preventing postoperative kyphotic deformity. Postoperative segmental kyphotic deformity is associated with insertion depth of Prodisc-C artificial disc. Anterior located artificial disc leads to lordotic segmental angle and posterior located artificial disc leads to kyphotic segmental angle postoperatively. But C2-7 Cobb's angle is not affected by artificial disc location after the surgery.

Correlation between model observers in uniform background and human observers in patient liver background for a low-contrast detection task in CT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gong, Hao; Yu, Lifeng; Leng, Shuai; Dilger, Samantha; Zhou, Wei; Ren, Liqiang; McCollough, Cynthia H.

2018-03-01

Channelized Hotelling observer (CHO) has demonstrated strong correlation with human observer (HO) in both single-slice viewing mode and multi-slice viewing mode in low-contrast detection tasks with uniform background. However, it remains unknown if the simplest single-slice CHO in uniform background can be used to predict human observer performance in more realistic tasks that involve patient anatomical background and multi-slice viewing mode. In this study, we aim to investigate the correlation between CHO in a uniform water background and human observer performance at a multi-slice viewing mode on patient liver background for a low-contrast lesion detection task. The human observer study was performed on CT images from 7 abdominal CT exams. A noise insertion tool was employed to synthesize CT scans at two additional dose levels. A validated lesion insertion tool was used to numerically insert metastatic liver lesions of various sizes and contrasts into both phantom and patient images. We selected 12 conditions out of 72 possible experimental conditions to evaluate the correlation at various radiation doses, lesion sizes, lesion contrasts and reconstruction algorithms. CHO with both single and multi-slice viewing modes were strongly correlated with HO. The corresponding Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.982 (with 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.936, 0.995]) and 0.989 (with 95% CI of [0.960, 0.997]) in multi-slice and single-slice viewing modes, respectively. Therefore, this study demonstrated the potential to use the simplest single-slice CHO to assess image quality for more realistic clinically relevant CT detection tasks.

Structure modeling and manufacturing PCFs for the range of 2-25 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lvov, Alexandr; Salimgareev, Dmitrii; Korsakov, Michail; Korsakov, Alexandr; Zhukova, Liya

2017-11-01

Photostable and flexible materials transparent at the wide spectral range are necessary for the development of optical fiber units. Solid solutions of silver and monadic thallium halides are the most suitable crystal media for this purpose. The goal of our research was the search of optimum structure for the fibers with a single mode operation and a rather large core diameter. We modelled fiber structures (solid-core, hollow-core, active-core PCF) with various ratio of inserts diameters and increments between the inserts, basing on two crystal systems: AgCl-AgBr and AgBr-TlI. Then we chose the single mode fiber structure and manufactured it by means of extrusion.

Mandibular molar uprighting using mini-implants: different approaches for different clinical cases--two case reports.

PubMed

Derton, Nicola; Perini, Alessandro; Mutinelli, Sabrina; Gracco, Antonio

2012-01-01

To detail two different clinical protocols and case studies using mini-implant anchorage developed to respond to certain clinical conditions. Two clinical protocols are described to upright mesially tilted mandibular molars. In the first protocol, a single mini-implant is inserted distally to the molar to be uprighted, and an elastic traction chain is applied to the tooth. In the second clinical approach, two mini-implants are inserted mesially. A screw-suspended TMA sectional archwire is applied (Derton-Perini technique). Two cases, descriptive of the two different treatment protocols, are described. In the first case, the mandibular right second premolar was missing and the adjacent first molar needed to be uprighted. A single screw was inserted distally to the first molar, and an elastic chain was applied. In the second case, the mandibular left second molar was missing and the third molar needed to be uprighted. Two mini-implants were inserted mesially and a fully screw-supported sectional archwire was used to upright and bodily mesialize the third molar. Both uprighting approaches uprighted the molar axis without loss of anchorage. The two approaches to mandibular molar uprighting, developed as rational responses to different clinical cases, were both found to be effective.

Effect of synthesis methods on the Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9} thermoelectric ceramic performances

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sotelo, A.; Rasekh, Sh.; Torres, M.A.

2015-01-15

Three different synthesis methods producing nanometric grain sizes, coprecipitation with ammonium carbonate, oxalic acid, and by attrition milling have been studied to produce Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9} ceramics and compared with the classical solid state route. These three processes have produced high reactive precursors and all the organic material and CaCO{sub 3}·have been decomposed in a single thermal treatment. Coprecipitation leads to pure Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9} phase, while attrition milling and classical solid state produce small amounts of Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 2}O{sub 6} secondary phase. Power factor values are similar for all three samples, being slightly lower for the onesmore » produced by attrition milling. These values are much higher than the obtained in samples prepared by the classical solid state method, used as reference. The maximum power factor values determined at 800 °C (∼0.43 mW/K{sup 2} m) are slightly higher than the best reported values obtained in textured ones which also show much higher density values. - Graphical abstract: Impressive raise of PF in Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9} thermoelectric materials obtained from nanometric grains. - Highlights: • Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9} has been produced by four different methods. • Precursors particle sizes influences on the final performances. • Coprecipitation methods produce single Ca{sub 3}Co{sub 4}O{sub 9} phase. • Power factor reaches values comparable to high density textured materials.« less

Array microscopy technology and its application to digital detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCall, Brian P.

Tuberculosis causes more deaths worldwide than any other curable infectious disease. This is the case despite tuberculosis appearing to be on the verge of eradication midway through the last century. Efforts at reversing the spread of tuberculosis have intensified since the early 1990s. Since then, microscopy has been the primary frontline diagnostic. In this dissertation, advances in clinical microscopy towards array microscopy for digital detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are presented. Digital array microscopy separates the tasks of microscope operation and pathogen detection and will reduce the specialization needed in order to operate the microscope. Distributing the work and reducing specialization will allow this technology to be deployed at the point of care, taking the front-line diagnostic for tuberculosis from the microscopy center to the community health center. By improving access to microscopy centers, hundreds of thousands of lives can be saved. For this dissertation, a lens was designed that can be manufactured as 4x6 array of microscopes. This lens design is diffraction limited, having less than 0.071 waves of aberration (root mean square) over the entire field of view. A total area imaged onto a full-frame digital image sensor is expected to be 3.94 mm2, which according to tuberculosis microscopy guidelines is more than sufficient for a sensitive diagnosis. The design is tolerant to single point diamond turning manufacturing errors, as found by tolerance analysis and by fabricating a prototype. Diamond micro-milling, a fabrication technique for lens array molds, was applied to plastic plano-concave and plano-convex lens arrays, and found to produce high quality optical surfaces. The micro-milling technique did not prove robust enough to produce bi-convex and meniscus lens arrays in a variety of lens shapes, however, and it required lengthy fabrication times. In order to rapidly prototype new lenses, a new diamond machining technique was developed called 4-axis single point diamond machining. This technique is 2-10x faster than micro-milling, depending on how advanced the micro-milling equipment is. With array microscope fabrication still in development, a single prototype of the lens designed for an array microscope was fabricated using single point diamond turning. The prototype microscope objective was validated in a pre-clinical trial. The prototype was compared with a standard clinical microscope objective in diagnostic tests. High concordance, a Fleiss's kappa of 0.88, was found between diagnoses made using the prototype and standard microscope objectives and a reference test. With the lens designed and validated and an advanced fabrication process developed, array microscopy technology is advanced to the point where it is feasible to rapidly prototype an array microscope for detection of tuberculosis and translate array microscope from an innovative concept to a device that can save lives.

Fracture strength of orthodontic mini-implants

PubMed Central

Assad-Loss, Tatiana Feres; Kitahara-Céia, Flávia Mitiko Fernandes; Silveira, Giordani Santos; Elias, Carlos Nelson; Mucha, José Nelson

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed at evaluating the design and dimensions of five different brands of orthodontic mini-implants, as well as their influence on torsional fracture strength. Methods: Fifty mini-implants were divided into five groups corresponding to different manufactures (DEN, RMO, CON, NEO, SIN). Twenty-five mini-implants were subjected to fracture test by torsion in the neck and the tip, through arbors attached to a Universal Mechanical Testing Machine. The other 25 mini-implants were subjected to insertion torque test into blocks of pork ribs using a torquimeter and contra-angle handpiece mounted in a surgical motor. The shape of the active tip of the mini-implants was evaluated under microscopy. The non-parametric Friedman test and Snedecor’s F in analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to evaluate the differences between groups. Results: The fracture torque of the neck ranged from 23.45 N.cm (DEN) to 34.82 N.cm (SIN), and of the tip ranged from 9.35 N.cm (CON) to 24.36 N.cm (NEO). Insertion torque values ranged from 6.6 N.cm (RMO) to 10.2 N.cm (NEO). The characteristics that most influenced the results were outer diameter, inner diameter, the ratio between internal and external diameters, and the existence of milling in the apical region of the mini-implant. Conclusions: The fracture torques were different for both the neck and the tip of the five types evaluated. NEO and SIN mini-implants showed the highest resistance to fracture of the neck and tip. The fracture torques of both tip and neck were higher than the torque required to insert mini-implants. PMID:28746487

Method for producing labeled single-stranded nucleic acid probes

DOEpatents

Dunn, John J.; Quesada, Mark A.; Randesi, Matthew

1999-10-19

Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment. More specifically, the method comprises providing a recombinant DNA construct comprising a DNA segment of interest inserted in a cloning vector, the cloning vector having an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment of interest. The recombinant DNA construct is then contacted with the protein pII encoded by gene II of phage f1 thereby generating a single-stranded nick. The nicked DNA is then contacted with E. coli Exonuclease III thereby expanding the single-stranded nick into a single-stranded gap. The single-stranded gapped DNA is then contacted with a single-strand-specific endonuclease thereby producing a linearized DNA molecule containing a double-stranded deletion corresponding in size to the single-stranded gap. The DNA treated in this manner is then incubated with DNA ligase under conditions appropriate for ligation. Also disclosed is a method for producing single-stranded DNA probes. In this embodiment, single-stranded gapped DNA, produced as described above, is contacted with a DNA polymerase in the presence of labeled nucleotides to fill in the gap. This DNA is then linearized by digestion with a restriction enzyme which cuts outside the DNA segment of interest. The product of this digestion is then denatured to produce a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid probe.

31. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: View down at the mill from top of the mill's circular masonry enclosure. Mill animals circling above the mill, on top of the enclosure, dragged booms radiating from the drive shaft to power the mill. The drive-shaft is no longer in its upright positon but is lying next to the mill in the foreground. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Polycistronic lentiviral vector for "hit and run" reprogramming of adult skin fibroblasts to induced pluripotent stem cells.

PubMed

Chang, Chia-Wei; Lai, Yi-Shin; Pawlik, Kevin M; Liu, Kaimao; Sun, Chiao-Wang; Li, Chao; Schoeb, Trenton R; Townes, Tim M

2009-05-01

We report the derivation of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells from adult skin fibroblasts using a single, polycistronic lentiviral vector encoding the reprogramming factors Oct4, Sox2, and Klf4. Porcine teschovirus-1 2A sequences that trigger ribosome skipping were inserted between human cDNAs for these factors, and the polycistron was subcloned downstream of the elongation factor 1 alpha promoter in a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector containing a loxP site in the truncated 3' long terminal repeat (LTR). Adult skin fibroblasts from a humanized mouse model of sickle cell disease were transduced with this single lentiviral vector, and iPS cell colonies were picked within 30 days. These cells expressed endogenous Oct4, Sox2, Nanog, alkaline phosphatase, stage-specific embryonic antigen-1, and other markers of pluripotency. The iPS cells produced teratomas containing tissue derived from all three germ layers after injection into immunocompromised mice and formed high-level chimeras after injection into murine blastocysts. iPS cell lines with as few as three lentiviral insertions were obtained. Expression of Cre recombinase in these iPS cells resulted in deletion of the lentiviral vector, and sequencing of insertion sites demonstrated that remnant 291-bp SIN LTRs containing a single loxP site did not interrupt coding sequences, promoters, or known regulatory elements. These results suggest that a single, polycistronic "hit and run" vector can safely and effectively reprogram adult dermal fibroblasts into iPS cells.

Fabrication and ab initio study of downscaled graphene nanoelectronic devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizuta, Hiroshi; Moktadir, Zakaria; Boden, Stuart A.; Kalhor, Nima; Hang, Shuojin; Schmidt, Marek E.; Cuong, Nguyen Tien; Chi, Dam Hieu; Otsuka, Nobuo; Muruganathan, Manoharan; Tsuchiya, Yoshishige; Chong, Harold; Rutt, Harvey N.; Bagnall, Darren M.

2012-09-01

In this paper we first present a new fabrication process of downscaled graphene nanodevices based on direct milling of graphene using an atomic-size helium ion beam. We address the issue of contamination caused by the electron-beam lithography process to pattern the contact metals prior to the ultrafine milling process in the helium ion microscope (HIM). We then present our recent experimental study of the effects of the helium ion exposure on the carrier transport properties. By varying the time of helium ion bombardment onto a bilayer graphene nanoribbon transistor, the change in the transfer characteristics is investigated along with underlying carrier scattering mechanisms. Finally we study the effects of various single defects introduced into extremely-scaled armchair graphene nanoribbons on the carrier transport properties using ab initio simulation.

High-speed vibration-milling-promoted synthesis of symmetrical frameworks containing two or three pyrrole units

PubMed Central

Leonardi, Marco; Villacampa, Mercedes

2017-01-01

The pseudo-five-component reaction between β-dicarbonyl compounds (2 molecules), diamines and α-iodoketones (2 molecules), prepared in situ from aryl ketones, was performed efficiently under mechanochemical conditions involving high-speed vibration milling with a single zirconium oxide ball. This reaction afforded symmetrical frameworks containing two pyrrole or fused pyrrole units joined by a spacer, which are of interest in the exploration of chemical space for drug discovery purposes. The method was also extended to the synthesis of one compound containing three identical pyrrole fragments via a pseudo-seven-component reaction. Access to compounds having a double bond in their spacer chain was achieved by a different approach involving the homodimerization of 1-allyl- or 1-homoallylpyrroles by application of cross-metathesis chemistry. PMID:29062414

Landscape of Insertion Polymorphisms in the Human Genome

PubMed Central

Onozawa, Masahiro; Goldberg, Liat; Aplan, Peter D.

2015-01-01

Nucleotide substitutions, small (<50 bp) insertions or deletions (indels), and large (>50 bp) deletions are well-known causes of genetic variation within the human genome. We recently reported a previously unrecognized form of polymorphic insertions, termed templated sequence insertion polymorphism (TSIP), in which the inserted sequence was templated from a distant genomic region, and was inserted in the genome through reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate. TSIPs can be grouped into two classes based on nucleotide sequence features at the insertion junctions; class 1 TSIPs show target site duplication, polyadenylation, and preference for insertion at a 5′-TTTT/A-3′ sequence, suggesting a LINE-1 based insertion mechanism, whereas class 2 TSIPs show features consistent with repair of a DNA double strand break by nonhomologous end joining. To gain a more complete picture of TSIPs throughout the human population, we evaluated whole-genome sequence from 52 individuals, and identified 171 TSIPs. Most individuals had 25–30 TSIPs, and common (present in >20% of individuals) TSIPs were found in individuals throughout the world, whereas rare TSIPs tended to cluster in specific geographic regions. The number of rare TSIPs was greater than the number of common TSIPs, suggesting that TSIP generation is an ongoing process. Intriguingly, mitochondrial sequences were a frequent template for class 2 insertions, used more commonly than any nuclear chromosome. Similar to single nucleotide polymorphisms and indels, we suspect that these TSIPs may be important for the generation of human diversity and genetic diseases, and can be useful in tracking historical migration of populations. PMID:25745018

Comparison of the analgesic effects of oral tramadol and naproxen sodium on pain relief during IUD insertion.

PubMed

Karabayirli, Safinaz; Ayrim, Aylin Aker; Muslu, Bunyamin

2012-01-01

To compare the analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and naproxen sodium on pain during insertion of an intrauterine device (IUD). Randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). University-affiliated hospital. Single-center. One hundred three patients scheduled for insertion of an IUD. Patients were randomly assigned to receive oral tramadol 50 mg capsules (n = 35) or naproxen sodium 550 mg tablets (n = 34) or placebo (n = 34) 1 hour before insertion of the IUD. After insertion of the IUD, pain intensity was evaluated using a visual analog scale (VAS, 0-10). Adverse effects, patient satisfaction with the medication, and preference for using it during future insertions were also recorded. The VAS scores were significantly different during IUD insertion among the 3 groups (p = .001). Pain scores in the tramadol group were significantly lower than in the naproxen group (p = .003), and the scores in the naproxen group was significantly lower than in the control group (p = .001). Patient satisfaction with the medication and preference for its future use were significantly lower in the control group than in the other 2 groups (p = .001). Prophylactic analgesia using 50 mg tramadol and 550 mg naproxen, delivered orally, can be used to relieve pain during IUD insertion. However, tramadol capsules were found to be more effective than naproxen tablets. Copyright © 2012 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Linear motion device and method for inserting and withdrawing control rods

DOEpatents

Smith, J.E.

Disclosed is a linear motion device and more specifically a control rod drive mechanism (CRDM) for inserting and withdrawing control rods into a reactor core. The CRDM and method disclosed is capable of independently and sequentially positioning two sets of control rods with a single motor stator and rotor. The CRDM disclosed can control more than one control rod lead screw without incurring a substantial increase in the size of the mechanism.

Mi-1-mediated nematode resistance in tomatoes is broken by short-term heat stress but recovers over time

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.), the only available genomic resource of resistance to root-knot nematodes (RKN; Meloidogyne incognita, M. javanica and M. arenaria), which are considered among the most devastating crop pests worldwide, is a single dominant gene termed Mi-1. Heat stress is thou...

Modeling of the endosperm crush response profile of hard red spring wheat using a single kernel characterization system

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

When a wheat endosperm is crushed the force profile shows viscoelastic response and the modulus of elasticity is an important parameter that might have substantial influence on wheat milling. An experiment was performed to model endosperm crush response profile (ECRP) and to determine the modulus o...

A 5-Year Assessment Of Shortleaf Pine And Hardwood Sprouts Relative To Three Methods Of Hardwood Control In The Arkansas Ozarks

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain

2004-01-01

Abstract - Compared with untreated checks, manual hardwood control and herbicide injection of hardwoods facilitated the development of direct seeded shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) regeneration following a single-tree selection harvest in a mature natural stand of shortleaf pines in northwest Arkansas. Five years after...

Properties of cellulose micro/nanofibers obtained from eucalyptus pulp fiber treated with anaerobic digestate and high shear mixing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

High production costs remain the single greatest factor limiting wider use of cellulose micro/nanofibers in the industry. The objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of using a low-cost bacteria-rich digestate (liquid anaerobic digestate – AD supernatant) on milled eucalyptus...

Chapter 7:Mineral Scale Management

Treesearch

Alan W. Rudie; Peter W. Hart

2012-01-01

Mineral scale problems are not new to pulp mills and bleach plants. The liquor recovery system ensures that white liquor is saturated in calcium carbonate, and this mineral will precipitate when heated to cooking temperatures in the digester [1,2]. The original single-vessel continuous digesters sold by Kamyr had an extra liquor heater as standard equipment to enable...

Traditional production, consumption and storage of Kunu--a non alcoholic cereal beverage.

PubMed

Gaffa, T; Jideani, I A; Nkama, I

2002-01-01

A survey of the production, consumption and storage of Kunu was carried out. Some of the information included consumption rate, processing techniques and equipment, producer's status and grains used. About 73% consume Kunu daily, 26% occasionally; 1% know it is produced but may or may not be consuming it. Millet (Pennisetum typhoideum), sorghum (Sorghum vulgare), maize (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa) and acha (Digitalis exilis) were used in its production in decreasing order of preference. The grains were used singly or combined; sorghum/millet was the most common combination in a ratio of 1:2 (w/w). Steeping was done in ordinary water for 12-72 h, depending on the grain type, in local clay pots, plastic buckets, calabashes or basins or 5-7 h in warm water (60-70 degrees C). The grains were dry or wet milled with or without spices such as ginger, red pepper, black pepper, clove and garlic. Other ingredients introduced included: sweet potatoes, malted rice, malted sorghum and Cadaba farinosa crude extract. Both dry and wet milling was done with grinding mills, mill stones or mortar and pestle, depending on locality. The product was then cooked into a thin free flowing gruel. The various types of kunu were: Kunun zaki, Kunun gyada, Kunun akamu, Kunun tsamiya, Kunun baule, Kunun jiko, Amshau and Kunun gayamba. Kunun zaki was the most commonly consumed. Production and consumption cut across all social classes of the society.

Tapered optical fiber tip probes based on focused ion beam-milled Fabry-Perot microcavities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

André, Ricardo M.; Warren-Smith, Stephen C.; Becker, Martin; Dellith, Jan; Rothhardt, Manfred; Zibaii, M. I.; Latifi, H.; Marques, Manuel B.; Bartelt, Hartmut; Frazão, Orlando

2016-09-01

Focused ion beam technology is combined with dynamic chemical etching to create microcavities in tapered optical fiber tips, resulting in fiber probes for temperature and refractive index sensing. Dynamic chemical etching uses hydrofluoric acid and a syringe pump to etch standard optical fibers into cone structures called tapered fiber tips where the length, shape, and cone angle can be precisely controlled. On these tips, focused ion beam is used to mill several different types of Fabry-Perot microcavities. Two main cavity types are initially compared and then combined to form a third, complex cavity structure. In the first case, a gap is milled on the tapered fiber tip which allows the external medium to penetrate the light guiding region and thus presents sensitivity to external refractive index changes. In the second, two slots that function as mirrors are milled on the tip creating a silica cavity that is only sensitive to temperature changes. Finally, both cavities are combined on a single tapered fiber tip, resulting in a multi-cavity structure capable of discriminating between temperature and refractive index variations. This dual characterization is performed with the aid of a fast Fourier transform method to separate the contributions of each cavity and thus of temperature and refractive index. Ultimately, a tapered optical fiber tip probe with sub-standard dimensions containing a multi-cavity structure is projected, fabricated, characterized and applied as a sensing element for simultaneous temperature and refractive index discrimination.

Preparation of Mo-Re-C samples containing Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn-type structure by solid state reaction of planetary-ball-milled powder mixtures of Mo, Re and C, and their crystal structures and superconductivity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oh-ishi, Katsuyoshi, E-mail: oh-ishi@kc.chuo-u.ac.jp; Nagumo, Kenta; Tateishi, Kazuya

Mo-Re-C compounds containing Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn structure were synthesized with high-melting-temperature metals Mo, Re, and C powders using a conventional solid state method with a planetary ball milling machine instead of the arc melting method. Use of the ball milling machine was necessary to obtain Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with the β-Mn structure using the solid state method. Almost single-phase Mo{sub 7}Re{sub 13}C with a trace of impurity were obtained using the synthesis method. By XRF and lattice parameter measurements on the samples, Fe element existed in the compound synthesized using the planetary ball milling machine with amore » pot and balls made of steel, though Fe element was not detected in the compound synthesized using a pot and balls made of tungsten carbide. The former compound containg the Fe atom did not show superconductivity but the latter compound without the Fe atom showed superconductivity at 6.1 K. - Graphical abstract: Temperature dependence of the magnetic susceptibility measured under 10 Oe for the superconducting PBM-T samples without Fe element and non-superconducting PBM-S with Fe element. The inset is the enlarged view of the data for the PBM-S sample.« less

Tibial tunnel aperture location during single-bundle posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: comparison of tibial guide positions.

PubMed

Shin, Young-Soo; Han, Seung-Beom; Hwang, Yeok-Ku; Suh, Dong-Won; Lee, Dae-Hee

2015-05-01

We aimed to compare posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) tibial tunnel location after tibial guide insertion medial (between the PCL remnant and the medial femoral condyle) and lateral (between the PCL remnant and the anterior cruciate ligament) to the PCL stump as determined by in vivo 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT). Tibial tunnel aperture location was analyzed by immediate postoperative in vivo CT in 66 patients who underwent single-bundle PCL reconstruction, 31 by over-the-PCL and 35 by under-the-PCL tibial guide insertion techniques. Tibial tunnel positions were measured in the medial to lateral and proximal to distal directions of the posterior proximal tibia. The center of the tibial tunnel aperture was located more laterally (by 2.7 mm) in the over-the-PCL group than in the under-the-PCL group (P = .040) and by a relative percentage (absolute value/tibial width) of 3.2% (P = .031). Tibial tunnel positions in the proximal to distal direction, determined by absolute value and relative percentage, were similar in the 2 groups. Tibial tunnel apertures were located more laterally after lateral-to-the-PCL tibial guide insertion than after medial-to-the-PCL tibial guide insertion. There was, however, no significant difference between these techniques in distance from the joint line to the tibial tunnel aperture. Insertion lateral to the PCL stump may result in better placement of the PCL in its anatomic footprint. Level III, retrospective comparative study. Copyright © 2015 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dynamic study of (De)sodiation in alpha-MnO 2 nanowires

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yuan, Yifei; Ma, Lu; He, Kun

2016-01-01

In this report, the electrochemical sodiation and desodiation in single crystalline alpha-MnO 2 nanowires are studied dynamically at both single particle level using in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and bulk level using in situ synchrotron X-ray. The TEM results suggest that the first sodiation process starts with tunnel-based Na + intercalation, experiences the formation of Na 0.5MnO 2 as a result of tunnel degradation, and ends with the Mn 2O 3 phase. The inserted Na + can be partially extracted out of the sodiated products, and the following cycles are dominated by the reversible conversion reaction between Na 0.5MnOmore » 2 and Mn 2O 3. The Mn valence evolution inside a cycling coin using alpha-MnO 2 nanowire electrode also exhibits partially reversible characteristic, agreeing well with the in situ TEM analysis. The sodiation is compared with lithiation in the same alpha-MnO 2 nanowires. Both Na + and Li + interact with the tunneled structure via a similar tunnel -driven intercalation mechanism before Mn 4+ is reduced to Mn 3.5+. For the following deep insertion, the tunnels survive up. to LiMnO 2 (Mn3+) during lithiation, while the sodiation proceeds via a different mechanism that involves obvious phase transition and fast tunnel degradation after Mn's valence is below 3.5+. The difference in charge carrier insertion mechanisms can be ascribed to the strong interaction between the tunnel frame and inserted Na + possessing a larger ionic size than inserted Li +.« less

Effect of ball milling materials and methods on powder processing of Bi2223 superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yavuz, M.; Maeda, H.; Vance, L.; Liu, H. K.; Dou, S. X.

1998-10-01

Various milling systems consisting of agate and polypropylene grinding containers, agate and YSZ balls, and dry and wet milling were used in planetary ball-milling and YSZ balls and YSZ container were used in wet and dry attrition milling. The differently milled powders were then evaluated by measurements of particle size, surface area, porosity, size distribution and chemical analysis of the Si, Zr and C contents. The results show that dry milling is much more efficient for particle size reduction in planetary milling than wet milling, whereas wet milling and dry milling gave quite similar results in attrition milling. Meanwhile 0953-2048/11/10/056/img6 contamination was found in powder milled with an agate container with agate balls. Some C contamination from the polypropylene container was detected after milling, but negligible Zr from YSZ balls and C from the grinding carrier (hexane). It was found that after 1 h milling in the planetary mill fracture mechanisms transform from the elastic to the plastic region. Therefore, further milling is not very effective. It was also shown that the Bi2212 phase decomposes into several non-superconducting oxides such as 0953-2048/11/10/056/img7, CuO and a main amorphous phase after extensive dry milling.

Method for introducing unidirectional nested deletions

DOEpatents

Dunn, J.J.; Quesada, M.A.; Randesi, M.

1999-07-27

Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment. More specifically, the method comprises providing a recombinant DNA construct comprising a DNA segment of interest inserted in a cloning vector. The cloning vector has an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment of interest. The recombinant DNA construct is then contacted with the protein pII encoded by gene II of phage f1 thereby generating a single-stranded nick. The nicked DNA is then contacted with E. coli Exonuclease III thereby expanding the single-stranded nick into a single-stranded gap. The single-stranded gapped DNA is then contacted with a single-strand-specific endonuclease thereby producing a linearized DNA molecule containing a double-stranded deletion corresponding in size to the single-stranded gap. The DNA treated in this manner is then incubated with DNA ligase under conditions appropriate for ligation. Also disclosed is a method for producing single-stranded DNA probes. In this embodiment, single-stranded gapped DNA, produced as described above, is contacted with a DNA polymerase in the presence of labeled nucleotides to fill in the gap. This DNA is then linearized by digestion with a restriction enzyme which cuts outside the DNA segment of interest. The product of this digestion is then denatured to produce a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid probe. 1 fig.

Method for introducing unidirectional nested deletions

DOEpatents

Dunn, John J.; Quesada, Mark A.; Randesi, Matthew

1999-07-27

Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment. More specifically, the method comprises providing a recombinant DNA construct comprising a DNA segment of interest inserted in a cloning vector, the cloning vector having an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment of interest. The recombinant DNA construct is then contacted with the protein pII encoded by gene II of phage f1 thereby generating a single-stranded nick. The nicked DNA is then contacted with E. coli Exonuclease III thereby expanding the single-stranded nick into a single-stranded gap. The single-stranded gapped DNA is then contacted with a single-strand-specific endonuclease thereby producing a linearized DNA molecule containing a double-stranded deletion corresponding in size to the single-stranded gap. The DNA treated in this manner is then incubated with DNA ligase under conditions appropriate for ligation. Also disclosed is a method for producing single-stranded DNA probes. In this embodiment, single-stranded gapped DNA, produced as described above, is contacted with a DNA polymerase in the presence of labeled nucleotides to fill in the gap. This DNA is then linearized by digestion with a restriction enzyme which cuts outside the DNA segment of interest. The product of this digestion is then denatured to produce a labeled single-stranded nucleic acid probe.

Improved PMMA single-piece haptic materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Healy, Donald D.; Wilcox, Christopher D.

1991-12-01

During the past fifteen years, Intraocular lens (IOL) haptic preferences have shifted from a variety of multi-piece haptic materials to single-piece PMMA. This is due in part to the research of David Apple, M.D., and other who have suggested that All-PMMA implants result in reduced cell flare and better centration. Consequently, single-piece IOLs now represent 45% of all IOL implants. However, many surgeons regard single-piece IOL designs as nonflexible and more difficult to implant than multipiece IOLs. These handling characteristics have slowed the shift from multi-piece to single-piece IOLs. As a result of these handling characteristics, single-piece lenses experience relatively high breakage rates because of handling before insertion and during insertion. To improve these characteristics, manufacturers have refined single-piece IOL haptic designs by pushing the limits of PMMA's physical properties. Furthermore, IOL manufacturers have begun to alter the material itself to change its physical properties. In particular, two new PMMA materials have emerged in the marketplace: Flexeon trademark, a crosslinked polymer and CM trademark, a material with molecularly realigned PMMA. This paper examines three specific measurements of a haptic's strength and flexibility: tensile strength, plastic memory and material plasticity/elasticity. The paper compares with Flexeon trademark and CM trademark lenses to noncrosslinked one-piece lenses and standard polypropylene multi-piece lenses.

Papaya (Carica papaya L.).

PubMed

Zhu, Yun J; Fitch, Maureen M M; Moore, Paul H

2006-01-01

Transgenic papaya plants were initially obtained using particle bombardment, a method having poor efficiency in producing intact, single-copy insertion of transgenes. Single-copy gene insertion was improved using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. With progress being made in genome sequencing and gene discovery, there is a need for more efficient methods of transformation in order to study the function of these genes. We describe a protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation using carborundum-wounded papaya embryogenic calli. This method should lead to high-throughput transformation, which on average produced at least one plant that was positive in polymerase chain reaction (PCR), histochemical staining, or by Southern blot hybridization from 10 to 20% of the callus clusters that had been co-cultivated with Agrobacterium. Plants regenerated from the callus clusters in 9 to 13 mo.

Escherichia coli Concentrations in the Mill Creek Watershed, Cleveland, Ohio, 2001-2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brady, Amie M.G.

2007-01-01

Mill Creek in Cleveland, Ohio, receives discharges from combined-sewer overflows (CSOs) and other sanitary-sewage inputs. These discharges affect the water quality of the creek and that of its receiving stream, the Cuyahoga River. In an effort to mitigate this problem, the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District implemented a project to eliminate or control (by reducing the number of overflows) all of the CSOs in the Mill Creek watershed. This study focused on monitoring the microbiological water quality of the creek before and during sewage-collection system modifications. Routine samples were collected semimonthly from August 2001 through September 2004 at a site near a U.S. Geological Survey stream gage near the mouth of Mill Creek. In addition, event samples were collected September 19 and 22, 2003, when rainfall accumulations were 0.5 inches (in.) or greater. Concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli) were determined and instantaneous discharges were calculated. Streamflow and water-quality characteristics were measured at the time of sampling, and precipitation data measured at a nearby precipitation gage were obtained from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Concentrations of E. coli were greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum for primary-contact recreation (298 colony-forming units per 100 milliliters (CFU/100 mL)) in 84 percent of the routine samples collected. In all but one routine sample E. coli concentrations in samples collected when instantaneous streamflows were greater than 20 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) were greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum. When precipitation occurred in the 24-hour period before routine sample collection, concentrations were greater than the maximum in 89 percent of the samples as compared to 73 percent when rainfall was absent during the 24 hours prior to routine sample collection. Before modifications to the sewage-collection system in the watershed began, E. coli concentrations in Mill Creek ranged from 220 to 29,000 CFU/100 mL. After major modifications, E. coli concentrations ranged from 110 to 80,000 CFU/100 mL. The percentage of sample E. coli concentrations in the former group greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum was 88 percent, whereas 85 percent of sample concentrations was greater than the maximum after major modifications occurred. Instantaneous discharges of E. coli were calculated for each of the modification periods. No statistically significant difference was observed between the median instantaneous discharges of E. coli for the premodification and minor-modification periods (5.1 ? 106 and 3.6 ? 106 CFU per second, respectively). During rainfall events in September 2003, samples were collected every 15 to 30 minutes. E. coli concentrations in all of these samples (n = 34) were greater than Ohio's single-sample maximum for primary-contact recreation. On September 19, total accumulated rainfall was 1.7 in., and streamflow reached a peak of 1,040 ft3/s. Sample collection started after 0.8 in. of precipitation had fallen and continued throughout the remainder of the storm. For these samples, E. coli concentrations ranged from 32,000 to 140,000 CFU/100 mL. On September 22, total accumulated rainfall was 0.5 in., and streamflow reached a peak of 497 ft3/s. Sample collection began before the start of the rain and continued throughout the storm. E. coli concentrations ranged from 450 to 260,000 CFU/100 mL.

Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section: comparison of 22-gauge and 25-gauge Whitacre needles with 26-gauge Quincke needles.

PubMed

Shutt, L E; Valentine, S J; Wee, M Y; Page, R J; Prosser, A; Thomas, T A

1992-12-01

We have studied 150 women undergoing elective Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. They were allocated randomly to have a 22-gauge Whitacre, a 25-gauge Whitacre or a 26-gauge Quincke needle inserted into the lumbar subarachnoid space. The groups were compared for ease of insertion, number of attempted needle insertions before identification of cerebrospinal fluid, quality of subsequent analgesia and incidence of postoperative complications. There were differences between groups, but they did not reach statistical significance. Postdural puncture headache (PDPH) was experienced by one mother in the 22-gauge Whitacre group, none in the 25-gauge Whitacre group and five in the 26-gauge Quincke group. Five of the six PDPH occurred after a single successful needle insertion. Seven of the 15 mothers in whom more than two needle insertions were made experienced backache, compared with 12 of the 129 receiving two or less (P < 0.001). We conclude that the use of 22- and 25-gauge Whitacre needles in elective Caesarean section patients is associated with a low incidence of PDPH and that postoperative backache is more likely when more than two attempts are made to insert a spinal needle.

Single-Incision Laparoscopic Anterior Resection Using a Curved Stapler.

PubMed

Watanabe, Jun; Ota, Mitsuyoshi; Suwa, Yusuke; Ishibe, Atsushi; Masui, Hidenobu; Nagahori, Kaoru

2016-11-01

Single-incision laparoscopic colectomy is technically limited because of such factors as instrument crowding, in-line viewing, and insufficient countertraction. In particular, it is technically difficult to cut the distal rectum from the umbilicus using an articulating linear stapler in single-incision laparoscopic anterior resection. After treating the mesorectum, the 5-mm trocar is replaced with a 12-mm trocar. The cartridge of the curved stapler is mounted while the shaft of the stapler is inserted into the 12-mm port extracorporeally. The curved stapler is inserted through the umbilical incision with the cartridge. A multichannel port is then mounted, and the abdominal cavity is reinsufflated. The curved stapler can then be operated intracorporeally. This procedure facilitates the vertical dissection of the rectum from the umbilicus. A total of 27 consecutive patients were analyzed in this study. All the procedures were safely performed without any complications. The median distance from the peritoneal reflection to the transection point of the distal bowel in single-incision laparoscopic anterior resection was 5.0 cm (range, -2.0 to 15.0). One stapler firing was required to achieve distal bowel division in 26 patients (96.3 %), whereas 2 firings were required in 1 patient (3.7 %). The median distal margin was 7.0 cm (range, 3.0-13.0). The time from the insertion of the stapler to transection was 180 seconds (range, 100-420). There were no cases of anastomotic leakage. In single-incision laparoscopic anterior resection, it is feasible to perform rectal transection from the umbilicus by using a curved stapler. This technique may allow for the omission of 1 trocar from the operation.

Modification of Pseudobrookite Fe2-XMnxTiO5 with Solid State Reaction Method using a Mechanical Milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarwanto, Y.; Adi, W. A.

2017-05-01

Modification of pseudobrookite Fe2-xMnxTiO5 with solid state reaction method using a mechanical milling has been synthesized. Raw materials used to prepare these samples were Fe2O3, MnCO3, and TiO2. Fe2O3 and TiO2 powders (ratio of 1:1) were mixed with MnCO3 powder at various composition of x = 0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; and 1, which each composition was added with 50 ml ethanol and then milled for 5 hours through high energy milling, after that sintered at 1000 °C for 5 hours by using box furnace. The phases of Fe2-xMnxTiO5 were measured by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and then identified by using Match program. The crystal structure was analyzed by using the program of General Structure Analysis System (GSAS). Quality fitting of Rwp and χ2 (chi-squared) are relatively good because based on the curve of normalized error distribution looks just left background and its normal probability plot shows the value of comparable between observation and expectation. The refinement analyses of X-ray diffraction patterns showed that the samples formed single phase for x ≤ 0.3. However, the samples of x > 0.3 were multi-phases. The single phase of sample had composition of pseudobrookite Fe2TiO5 with orthorhombic structure, space group of C m c m (63), the lattice parameters of a = 3.7390 Å, b = 9.7790 Å, and c = 9.9780 Å, α = β = γ = 90°, V = 364.83 Å3, and ρ = 4.360 g.cm-3. Meanwhile, the other phase analysis for the composition of x > 0.3 is bixbyite (FeMnO3). The bixbyite has a cubic structure, under the space group of I a - 3 (206), the lattice parameters of a = b = c = 9.40 Å, α = β = γ = 90°, V = 830.58 Å3, and ρ = 5.078 g.cm-3.

Method for introducing unidirectional nested deletions

DOEpatents

Dunn, John J.; Quesada, Mark A.; Randesi, Matthew

2001-01-01

Disclosed is a method for the introduction of unidirectional deletions in a cloned DNA segment in the context of a cloning vector which contains an f1 endonuclease recognition sequence adjacent to the insertion site of the DNA segment. Also disclosed is a method for producing single-stranded DNA probes utilizing the same cloning vector. An optimal vector, PZIP is described. Methods for introducing unidirectional deletions into a terminal location of a cloned DNA sequence which is inserted into the vector of the present invention are also disclosed. These methods are useful for introducing deletions into either or both ends of a cloned DNA insert, for high throughput sequencing of any DNA of interest.

Triple helix purification and sequencing

DOEpatents

Wang, Renfeng; Smith, Lloyd M.; Tong, Xinchun E.

1995-01-01

Disclosed herein are methods, kits, and equipment for purifying single stranded circular DNA and then using the DNA for DNA sequencing purposes. Templates are provided with an insert having a hybridization region. An elongated oligonucleotide has two regions that are complementary to the insert and the oligo is bound to a magnetic anchor. The oligo hybridizes to the insert on two sides to form a stable triple helix complex. The anchor can then be used to drag the template out of solution using a magnet. The system can purify sequencing templates, and if desired the triple helix complex can be opened up to a double helix so that the oligonucleotide will act as a primer for further DNA synthesis.

Triple helix purification and sequencing

DOEpatents

Wang, R.; Smith, L.M.; Tong, X.E.

1995-03-28

Disclosed herein are methods, kits, and equipment for purifying single stranded circular DNA and then using the DNA for DNA sequencing purposes. Templates are provided with an insert having a hybridization region. An elongated oligonucleotide has two regions that are complementary to the insert and the oligo is bound to a magnetic anchor. The oligo hybridizes to the insert on two sides to form a stable triple helix complex. The anchor can then be used to drag the template out of solution using a magnet. The system can purify sequencing templates, and if desired the triple helix complex can be opened up to a double helix so that the oligonucleotide will act as a primer for further DNA synthesis. 4 figures.

Graviweak Unification, Invisible Universe and Dark Energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Das, C. R.; Laperashvili, L. V.; Tureanu, A.

2013-07-01

We consider a graviweak unification model with the assumption of the existence of a hidden (invisible) sector of our Universe, parallel to the visible world. This Hidden World (HW) is assumed to be a Mirror World (MW) with broken mirror parity. We start with a diffeomorphism invariant theory of a gauge field valued in a Lie algebra g, which is broken spontaneously to the direct sum of the space-time Lorentz algebra and the Yang-Mills algebra: ˜ {g} = {{su}}(2) (grav)L ⊕ {{su}}(2)L — in the ordinary world, and ˜ {g}' = {{su}}(2){' (grav)}R ⊕ {{su}}(2)'R — in the hidden world. Using an extension of the Plebanski action for general relativity, we recover the actions for gravity, SU(2) Yang-Mills and Higgs fields in both (visible and invisible) sectors of the Universe, and also the total action. After symmetry breaking, all physical constants, including the Newton's constants, cosmological constants, Yang-Mills couplings, and other parameters, are determined by a single parameter g present in the initial action, and by the Higgs VEVs. The dark energy problem of this model predicts a too large supersymmetric breaking scale (MSUSY 1010GeV), which is not within the reach of the LHC experiments.

Real-time testing of titanium sheet and extrusion coupon specimens subjected to Mach 2.7 supersonic cruise aircraft wing stresses and temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lunde, T.

1977-01-01

The accuracy of three accelerated flight-by-flight test methods for material selection, and fatigue substantiation of supersonic cruise aircraft structure was studied. The real time stresses and temperatures applied to the specimens were representative of the service conditions in the lower surface of a Mach 2.7 supersonic cruise aircraft wing root structure. Each real time flight lasted about 65 minutes, including about one hour at (500 F) in the cruise condition. Center notched coupon specimens from six titanium materials were tested: mill-annealed, duplex-annealed, and triplex-annealed Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V sheets; mill-annealed Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V extrusion; mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V sheet; and solution-treated and aged Ti-6Al-4V extrusion. For duplex-annealed Ti-8Al-1Mo-1V sheet, specimens with single spotweld were also tested. The test results were studied in conjunction with other related data from the literature for: material selection, structural fabrication, fatigue resistance of supersonic cruise aircraft structure, and fatigue test acceleration procedures for supersonic cruise aircraft.

Textured Pr{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B flakes with submicron or nanosize thickness prepared by surfactant-assisted ball milling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zuo, Wen-Liang, E-mail: wlzuo@iphy.ac.cn, E-mail: shenbg@aphy.iphy.ac.cn; Liu, Rong-Ming; Zheng, Xin-Qi

2014-05-07

The textured Pr{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B nanoflakes were produced by surfactant-assisted ball milling (SABM). Single phase tetragonal structure was characterized for the samples before and after SABM by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thickness and length of the as-milled flakes are mainly in the range of 50–150 nm and 0.5–2 μm, respectively. For the field-aligned Pr{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B nanoflakes, the out-of-plane texture (the easy magnetization direction (EMD) along the c-axis) is indicated from the increasing (00l) peaks in the XRD patterns. SEM image demonstrates that the EMD is parallel to flaky surface, which is different from the RCo{sub 5} (R = rare earth) system with EMDmore » perpendicular to the surface. We propose a hypothesis that the easy glide planes are related with the area of crystal planes. In addition, a large coercivity H{sub c} = 3.9 kOe is observed in the Pr{sub 2}Fe{sub 14}B flakes with strong texture.« less

Characteristics and Machining Performance of TiN and TiAlN Coatings on a Milling Cutter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarwar, Mohammed; Haider, Julfikar

2011-01-01

Titanium Nitride (TiN) coating deposited by Physical Vapour Deposition (PVD) or Chemical Vapour Deposition (CVD) techniques on cutting tools (single point or multipoint) has contributed towards the improvement of tool life, productivity and product quality [1]. Addition of Al in TiN coating (e.g., TiAlN or AlTiN) has further improved the coating properties required for machining applications [2, 3]. This work presents a comparative investigation on TiN and TiAlN coatings deposited on to a Powder Metallurgy High Speed Steel (PM HSS) milling cutter used for machining bimetal (M42+D6A) steel strips. PVD (Arc evaporation) technique was used to deposit the coatings after carefully preparing the cutting edges of the milling cutter. Microstructure, chemical composition, hardness and adhesion of the coatings have been characterised using different techniques. The incorporation of Al into TiN coating results in an improvement in hardness, wear resistance and cutting performance. Examination of the worn flank in the coated cutting edges revealed that abrasive and adhesive wear are the predominant failure mechanisms. Tool designers, coating suppliers and manufacturing engineers could benefit from the information provided.

Canonical translation-modulating OFF-riboswitches with a single aptamer binding to a small molecule that function in a higher eukaryotic cell-free expression system.

PubMed

Ogawa, Atsushi; Murashige, Yuta; Takahashi, Hajime

2018-06-19

We have found that OFF-riboswitches that ligand-dependently downregulate the canonical translation in a higher eukaryotic expression system (wheat germ extract) can be easily created by inserting a single aptamer into the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of mRNA, even if its ligand is as small as theophylline. The key is the position of the inserted aptamer: the 5' end (+0 position) is much better than other positions for inhibiting canonical translation with the aptamer-ligand complex. The data showed that ribosome loading is suppressed by a rigid structure in the 5' end, and this suppression is dependent on the structure's stability but not on its size. Although this preference of aptamer insertion point contradicts the results in a lower eukaryote, it accords with the fact that the 5'-end structural hindrance is more effective for blocking the ribosome in higher eukaryotes. Therefore, the present type of OFF-riboswitch would function in various higher eukaryotic expression systems. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mechanically induced self-propagating reaction and consequent consolidation for the production of fully dense nanocrystalline Ti{sub 55}C{sub 45} bulk material

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sherif El-Eskandarany, M., E-mail: msherif@kisr.edu.kw; Al-Hazza, Abdulsalam

2014-11-15

We employed a high-energy ball mill for the synthesis of nanograined Ti{sub 55}C{sub 45} powders starting from elemental Ti and C powders. The mechanically induced self-propagating reaction that occurred between the reactant materials was monitored via a gas atmosphere gas-temperature-monitoring system. A single phase of NaCl-type TiC was obtained after 5 h of ball milling. To decrease the powder and grain sizes, the material was subjected to further ball milling time. The powders obtained after 200 h of milling possessed spherical-like morphology with average particle and grain sizes of 45 μm and 4.2 nm, respectively. The end-products obtained after 200more » h of ball milling time, were then consolidated into full dense compacts, using hot pressing and spark plasma sintering at 1500 and 34.5 MPa, with heating rates of 20 °C/min and 500 °C/min, respectively. Whereas hot pressing of the powders led to severe grain growth (∼ 436 nm in diameter), the as-spark plasma sintered powders maintained their nanograined characteristics (∼ 28 nm in diameter). The as-synthesized and as-consolidated powders were characterized, using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. The mechanical properties of the consolidated samples obtained via the hot pressing and spark plasma sintering techniques were characterized, using Vickers microhardness and non-destructive testing techniques. The Vickers hardness, Young's modulus, shear modulus and fracture toughness of as-spark plasma sintered samples were 32 GPa, 358 GPa, 151 GPa and 6.4 MPa·m{sup 1/2}, respectively. The effects of the consolidation approach on the grain size and mechanical properties were investigated and are discussed. - Highlights: • Room-temperature synthesizing of NaCl-type TiC • Dependence on the grain size on the ball milling time • Fabrication of equiaxed nanocrystalline grains with a diameter of 4.2 nm • Fabrication of nanocrystalline bulk TiC material by SPS with minimal grain growth • Dependence of improved mechanical properties on the consolidation techniques.« less

Doubled lattice Chern-Simons-Yang-Mills theories with discrete gauge group

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caspar, S.; Mesterházy, D.; Olesen, T. Z.; Vlasii, N. D.; Wiese, U.-J.

2016-11-01

We construct doubled lattice Chern-Simons-Yang-Mills theories with discrete gauge group G in the Hamiltonian formulation. Here, these theories are considered on a square spatial lattice and the fundamental degrees of freedom are defined on pairs of links from the direct lattice and its dual, respectively. This provides a natural lattice construction for topologically-massive gauge theories, which are invariant under parity and time-reversal symmetry. After defining the building blocks of the doubled theories, paying special attention to the realization of gauge transformations on quantum states, we examine the dynamics in the group space of a single cross, which is spanned by a single link and its dual. The dynamics is governed by the single-cross electric Hamiltonian and admits a simple quantum mechanical analogy to the problem of a charged particle moving on a discrete space affected by an abstract electromagnetic potential. Such a particle might accumulate a phase shift equivalent to an Aharonov-Bohm phase, which is manifested in the doubled theory in terms of a nontrivial ground-state degeneracy on a single cross. We discuss several examples of these doubled theories with different gauge groups including the cyclic group Z(k) ⊂ U(1) , the symmetric group S3 ⊂ O(2) , the binary dihedral (or quaternion) group D¯2 ⊂ SU(2) , and the finite group Δ(27) ⊂ SU(3) . In each case the spectrum of the single-cross electric Hamiltonian is determined exactly. We examine the nature of the low-lying excited states in the full Hilbert space, and emphasize the role of the center symmetry for the confinement of charges. Whether the investigated doubled models admit a non-Abelian topological state which allows for fault-tolerant quantum computation will be addressed in a future publication.

Modeling of thermomechanical and metallurgical phenomena in steel strip during hot direct rolling and runout table cooling of thin-cast slabs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muojekwu, Cornelius Anaedu

The present research was directed at adequate prediction of the temperature, deformation behavior (roll force, flow stress, strain and strain rate) and microstructural evolution (recovery, recrystallization, grain growth, austenite and ferrite grain sizes) during rolling in the Compact Strip Production (CSP) process, as well as the final mechanical properties of the hot rolled strips. This was accomplished with the aid of integrated process modeling, involving mathematical simulation, laboratory experiments and industrial campaigns. The study covered two conventional plain carbon steel grades, the A36 (AISI 1018, 0.17C-0.74Mn) and DQSK (AISI 1005, 0.038C-0.3Mn), and a range of plain carbon steel grades (0.06-0.09 C, 0.16-0.9 Mn) produced at HYLSA's CSP mill at Monterrey, Mexico. In the laboratory, compression tests (both single and double-hits) were carried out on the Gleeble 1500 thermomechanical simulator in order to elucidate the effect of coarse austenite grain size on the flow stress and recrystallization behavior of the plain carbon steels. It was found that coarse grain size not only decreased the flow stress at a given strain but also substantially reduced the tendency toward dynamic recrystallization. An increase in grain size from 244 to 1110 mum which is typical of the first stands of a conventional finishing mill and CSP hot-strip mill respectively, resulted in up to a 30 MPa decrease in the flow stress of both A36 and DQSK steel grades at similar operating conditions of temperature, strain and strain rate. In order to validate the model and laboratory results with mill measurements from an operating CSP plant, an industrial trial was carried out at HYLSA's CSP mill in Monterrey, Mexico. During the industrial campaign, intermediate temperature measurements were made, CSP slab and coil samples were acquired, and all measured and recorded mill data and practices were obtained. Comprehensive mathematical modeling of the rolling process was carried out employing finite difference and finite element analysis. The CSP mill measurements were utilized to validate model predictions of temperature, roll force, grain size and mechanical properties. Good agreement was obtained between prediction and measurement in most of the cases. An estimate of the heat extraction from the various mill sub-units was conducted from the validated calculations. It was found that heat loss by radiation accounted for 48-51 percent of the total heat loss, the work rolls accounted for 41-44 percent, the descaling unit accounted for 4-6 percent and the interstand sprays accounted for the remaining 3-4 percent. It was found that the uniform strain model consistently predicts lower temperatures than the target exit temperature for thin gauges due to a low estimate of deformation heat. Model results captured the details of heat transfer, deformation, recrystallization and austenite decomposition in the CSP mill. The effect of various mill parameters were elucidated, and the similarities and differences between conventional cold-charge rolling and CSP rolling were highlighted. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

New hydrogen titanium phosphate sulfate electrodes for Li-ion and Na-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Ran; Mieritz, Daniel; Seo, Dong-Kyun; Chan, Candace K.

2017-03-01

NASICON-type materials with general formula AxM2(PO4)3 (A = Li or Na, M = Ti, V, and Fe) are promising candidates for Li- and Na-ion batteries due to their open three-dimensional framework structure. Here we report the electrochemical properties of hydrogen titanium phosphate sulfate, H0.4Ti2(PO4)2.4(SO4)0.6 (HTPS), a new mixed polyanion material with NASICON structure. Micron-sized HTPS aggregates with crystallite grain size of ca. 23 nm are synthesized using a sol-gel synthesis in an acidic medium. The properties of the as-synthesized HTPS, ball-milled HTPS, and samples prepared as carbon composites using an in-situ glucose decomposition reaction are investigated. A capacity of 148 mAh g-1 corresponding to insertion of 2 Li+ per formula unit is observed in the ball-milled HTPS over the potential window of 1.5-3.4 V vs. Li/Li+. Lithiation at ca. 2.8 and 2.5 V is determined to occur through filling of the M1 and M2 sites, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used characterize the HTPS before and after cycling. Evaluation of the HTPS in a Na-ion cell is also performed. A discharge capacity of 93 mAh g-1 with sodiation at ca. 2.9 and 2.2 V vs. Na/Na+ is observed.

Investigation of the Effect of Tool Edge Geometry upon Cutting Variables, Tool Wear and Burr Formation Using Finite Element Simulation — A Progress Report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sartkulvanich, Partchapol; Al-Zkeri, Ibrahim; Yen, Yung-Chang; Altan, Taylan

2004-06-01

This paper summarizes some of the progress made on FEM simulations of metal cutting processes conducted at the Engineering Research Center (ERC/NSM). Presented research focuses on the performance of various cutting edge geometries (hone and chamfer edges) for different tool materials and specifically on: 1) the effect of round and chamfer edge geometries on the cutting variables in machining carbon steels and 2) the effect of the edge hone size upon the flank wear and burr formation behavior in face milling of A356-T6 aluminum alloy. In the second task, an innovative design of edge preparation with varying hone size around the tool nose is also explored using FEM. In order to model three-dimensional conventional turning and face milling with two-dimensional orthogonal cutting simulations, 2D simulation cross-sections consisting of the cutting speed direction and chip flow direction are selected at different locations along the tool nose radius. Then the geometries of the hone and chamfer edges and their associated tool angles as well as uncut chip thickness are determined on these planes and employed in cutting simulations. The chip flow direction on the tool rake face are obtained by examining the wear grooves on the experimental inserts or estimated by using Oxley's approximation theory of oblique cutting. Simulation results are compared with the available experimental results (e.g. cutting forces) both qualitatively and quantitatively.

A designed bifunctional laccase/β-1,3-1,4-glucanase enzyme shows synergistic sugar release from milled sugarcane bagasse.

PubMed

Furtado, G P; Ribeiro, L F; Lourenzoni, M R; Ward, R J

2013-01-01

A bifunctional enzyme has been created by fusing two Bacillus subtilis enzymes: the β-1,3-1,4-glucanase (BglS, EC 3.2.1.73) that hydrolyzes plant cell wall β-glucans and the copper-dependent oxidase laccase (CotA, EC 1.10.3.2) that catalyzes the oxidation of aromatic compounds with simultaneous reduction of oxygen to water. The chimeric laccase/β-1,3-1,4-glucanase was created by insertion fusion of the bglS and cotA genes, and expressed in Escherichia coli. The affinity-purified recombinant chimeric enzyme showed both laccase and glucanase activities, with a maximum laccase activity at pH 4.5 and 75°C that showed a V(max) 30% higher than observed for the parental laccase. The maximum glucanase activity in the chimeric enzyme was at pH 6.0 and 50°C, with a slight reduction in V(max) by ∼10% compared with the parental glucanase. A decreased K(M) resulted in an overall increase in the K(cat)/K(M) value for the glucanase activity of the chimeric enzyme. The hydrolytic activity of the chimera was 20% higher against natural milled sugarcane bagasse as compared with equimolar mixtures of the separate parental enzymes. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated the approximation of the two catalytic domains in the chimeric enzyme, and the formation of an inter-domain interface may underlie the improved catalytic function.

Spectroscopy investigation of nanostructured nickel–zinc ferrite obtained by mechanochemical synthesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lazarević, Zorica Ž., E-mail: lzorica@yahoo.com; Milutinović, Aleksandra N.; Jovalekić, Čedomir D.

2015-03-15

Highlights: • Nano powder of Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} prepared by a soft mechanochemicaly after 10 h milling. • Phase formation controlled by XRD, Raman and IR spectroscopy. • Spectroscopy measurements indicate that the prepared samples have spinel structure. • The average particles size are found to be around 20 nm. • The degree of inversion is δ = 0.36 for NZF obtained from hydroxides for 10 h. - Abstract: Nano crystalline samples of nickel–zinc ferrite, Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} were prepared by mechanochemical route in a planetary ball mill starting from two mixtures of the appropriate quantitiesmore » of the powders: case (1) oxide powders: NiO, ZnO and α-Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3} in one case, and in the second case (2) hydroxide powders: Ni(OH){sub 2}, Zn(OH){sub 2} and Fe(OH){sub 3}. In order to monitor the progress of chemical reaction and confirm phase formation, powder samples obtained after 5 h and 10 h of milling were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Raman, IR and Mössbauer spectroscopy. It is shown that the soft mechanochemical method, i.e. mechanochemical activation of hydroxides, produces high quality single phase Ni{sub 0.5}Zn{sub 0.5}Fe{sub 2}O{sub 4} samples in much more efficient way. From the IR spectroscopy of single phase samples it is obvious that energy of modes depends on the ratio of cations. The deconvolution of Raman spectra allows to separate contributions of different cations to a particular type of vibration and to estimate the degree of inversion.« less

In vitro evaluation of marginal, axial, and occlusal discrepancies in metal ceramic restorations produced with new technologies.

PubMed

Kocaağaoğlu, Hasan; Kılınç, Halil İbrahim; Albayrak, Haydar; Kara, Meryem

2016-09-01

Marginal and axial discrepancies of metal ceramic restorations are key to their long-term success. Little information is available for metal ceramic restorations fabricated with soft metal milling and laser sintering technologies. The purpose of this in vitro study was to compare the marginal, axial, and occlusal discrepancies in single-unit metal ceramic restorations fabricated with new production techniques with those in a single-unit restoration fabricated using a conventional technique. After the artificial tooth was prepared, impressions were made, and 40 dies were obtained. Dies were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=10). Cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) cast (C), hard metal milled (HM), laser sintered (LS), and soft metal milled (SM) copings were fabricated. Marginal, axial, and occlusal discrepancies of these copings were measured using the silicone replica technique before and after the application of veneering ceramic. Data were analyzed with repeated measurements 2-way ANOVAs and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α=.05). Significant differences were found in the increase of marginal discrepancy after the application of veneering ceramic in the LS group (P=.016). However, no significant differences in marginal discrepancy were found whether veneering ceramic was applied to copings before or after in the other groups (P>.05). With regard to marginal and occlusal discrepancies, significant differences were found among the production techniques (P<.001 and P<.05, respectively). No significant differences in axial discrepancies were found among the groups (P>.05). This in vitro study showed that metal ceramic restorations produced with HM and newly introduced SM techniques exhibited better marginal adaptations than those produced with the LS or C technique. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1885-1870. View: Masonry-lined passage-way leading to the mill at the center of its circular masonry enclosure. The passageway permitted cane to be carried to the mill and cane trash (bagasse) to be carried away. Bridges over the passageways, no longer in place, permitted the mill animals to circle and power the mill from above. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Single-cell manipulation and DNA delivery technology using atomic force microscopy and nanoneedle.

PubMed

Han, Sung-Woong; Nakamura, Chikashi; Miyake, Jun; Chang, Sang-Mok; Adachi, Taiji

2014-01-01

The recent single-cell manipulation technology using atomic force microscopy (AFM) not only allows high-resolution visualization and probing of biomolecules and cells but also provides spatial and temporal access to the interior of living cells via the nanoneedle technology. Here we review the development and application of single-cell manipulations and the DNA delivery technology using a nanoneedle. We briefly describe various DNA delivery methods and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Fabrication of the nanoneedle, visualization of nanoneedle insertion into living cells, DNA modification on the nanoneedle surface, and the invasiveness of nanoneedle insertion into living cells are described. Different methods of DNA delivery into a living cell, such as lipofection, microinjection, and nanoneedles, are then compared. Finally, single-cell diagnostics using the nanoneedle and the perspectives of the nanoneedle technology are outlined. The nanoneedle-based DNA delivery technology provides new opportunities for efficient and specific introduction of DNA and other biomolecules into precious living cells with a high spatial resolution within a desired time frame. This technology has the potential to be applied for many basic cellular studies and for clinical studies such as single-cell diagnostics.

Institute for High Heat Flux Removal (IHHFR). Phases I, II, and III

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyd, Ronald D.

2014-08-31

The IHHFR focused on interdisciplinary applications as it relates to high heat flux engineering issues and problems which arise due to engineering systems being miniaturized, optimized, or requiring increased high heat flux performance. The work in the IHHFR focused on water as a coolant and includes: (1) the development, design, and construction of the high heat flux flow loop and facility; (2) test section development, design, and fabrication; and, (3) single-side heat flux experiments to produce 2-D boiling curves and 3-D conjugate heat transfer measurements for single-side heated test sections. This work provides data for comparisons with previously developed andmore » new single-side heated correlations and approaches that address the single-side heated effect on heat transfer. In addition, this work includes the addition of single-side heated circular TS and a monoblock test section with a helical wire insert. Finally, the present work includes: (1) data base expansion for the monoblock with a helical wire insert (only for the latter geometry), (2) prediction and verification using finite element, (3) monoblock model and methodology development analyses, and (4) an alternate model development for a hypervapotron and related conjugate heat transfer controlling parameters.« less

Microstructural investigations of the trimmed edge of DP980 steel sheets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharya, S.; Green, D. E.; Sohmshetty, R.; Alpas, A. T.

2017-10-01

In order to reduce vehicle weight while maintaining crashworthiness, advanced high strength steels (AHSSs), such as DP980, are extensively used for manufacturing automotive body components. During trimming operations, the high tensile strength of DP980 sheets tends to cause damage of the trim edge of D2 die inserts, which result in deterioration of the edge quality. The objective of this work is to study the damage microstructures at the trimmed edge of DP980 steel sheets as a function of the number of trimming cycles. A mechanical press equipped with AISI D2 tool steel inserts was used to continuously trim 1.4 mm thick sheets of DP980 at a rate of 30 strokes/min. Cross-sectional SEM images of the trimmed edges revealed that the sheared edge quality of the DP980 sheets decreased, indicated by an increase in the burr width, with an increase in the number of trims from 40,000 to 70,000. Plastic strains were estimated using the displacements of the martensite plates within plastic flow fields of ferrite. Site-specific cross-sectional TEM samples, excised from the trimmed edge using the in-situ `lift-out' technique by focused ion-beam (FIB)-milling, revealed cracking at the ferrite/martensite interfaces after 70,000 cycles indicating an increase in the depth of deformation zone possibly due to trimming with a chipped and blunted die edge.

An Unexamined Life: White Male Racial Ignorance and the Agony of Education for Students of Color

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cabrera, Nolan L.; Corces-Zimmerman, Chris

2017-01-01

This article critically analyzes the narratives of 62 White male undergraduates at a single institution about their views on race and experiences with racism. It is framed by Mills' (1997) conception of Whiteness that is founded upon an inverted epistemology or an "epistemology of ignorance." Therefore, this analysis centers the ways in…

Outcomes of single- vs double-cuff artificial urinary sphincter insertion in low- and high-risk profile male patients with severe stress urinary incontinence.

PubMed

Ahyai, Sascha A; Ludwig, Tim A; Dahlem, Roland; Soave, Armin; Rosenbaum, Clemens; Chun, Felix K-H; Fisch, Margit; Schmid, Marianne; Kluth, Luis A

2016-10-01

To evaluate continence and complication rates of bulbar single-cuff (SC) and distal bulbar double-cuff (DC) insertion in male patients with severe stress urinary incontinence (SUI) according to whether the men were considered low or high risk for unfavourable artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) outcomes. In all, 180 male patients who underwent AUS implantation between 2009 and 2013 were followed according to institutional standards. Patients with previous pelvic radiation therapy, open bulbar urethral or UI surgery ('high risk') underwent distal bulbar DC (123 patients) insertion, all others ('low risk') had proximal bulbar SC (57) insertion. Primary and secondary endpoints consisted of continence and complication rates. Kaplan-Meier analysis determined explantation-free survival, and Cox regression models assessed risk factors for persistent UI and explantation. The median follow-up was 24 months. Whereas there was no significant difference in pad usage/objective continence after SC vs DC insertion, superior rates of subjective/social continence and less persistent UI were reported by the patients with DC devices (all P ≤ 0.02). Overall, device explantation (erosion, infection or mechanical failure) occurred in 12.8% of patients. While early (<6 weeks) complication rates compared with SC patients were similar (P > 0.05), DC patients had a 5.7-fold higher risk of device explantation during late follow-up (P = 0.02) and significantly shorter explantation-free survival (log-rank, P = 0.003). Distal bulbar DC insertion in patients with a 'high-risk' profile (previous pelvic radiation, urethral surgery) leads to similar objective continence, but higher explantation rates when compared with patients considered 'low risk' with proximal bulbar SCs. Randomised controlled trials comparing both devices will be needed to determine whether the higher explanations rates are attributable to the DC device or to underlying risk factors. © 2016 The Authors BJU International © 2016 BJU International Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Development of a 20-MHz wide-bandwidth PMN-PT single crystal phased-array ultrasound transducer.

PubMed

Wong, Chi-Man; Chen, Yan; Luo, Haosu; Dai, Jiyan; Lam, Kwok-Ho; Chan, Helen Lai-Wa

2017-01-01

In this study, a 20-MHz 64-element phased-array ultrasound transducer with a one-wavelength pitch is developed using a PMN-30%PT single crystal and double-matching layer scheme. High piezoelectric (d 33 >1000pC/N) and electromechanical coupling (k 33 >0.8) properties of the single crystal with an optimized fabrication process involving the photolithography technique have been demonstrated to be suitable for wide-bandwidth (⩾70%) and high-sensitivity (insertion loss ⩽30dB) phased-array transducer application. A -6dBbandwidth of 91% and an insertion loss of 29dBfor the 20-MHz 64-element phased-array transducer were achieved. This result shows that the bandwidth is improved comparing with the investigated high-frequency (⩾20MHz) ultrasound transducers using piezoelectric ceramic and single crystal materials. It shows that this phased-array transducer has potential to improve the resolution of biomedical imaging, theoretically. Based on the hypothesis of resolution improvement, this phased-array transducer is capable for small animal (i.e. mouse and zebrafish) studies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Environmental sensing with optical fiber sensors processed with focused ion beam and atomic layer deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flores, Raquel; Janeiro, Ricardo; Dahlem, Marcus; Viegas, Jaime

2015-03-01

We report an optical fiber chemical sensor based on a focused ion beam processed optical fiber. The demonstrated sensor is based on a cavity formed onto a standard 1550 nm single-mode fiber by either chemical etching, focused ion beam milling (FIB) or femtosecond laser ablation, on which side channels are drilled by either ion beam milling or femtosecond laser irradiation. The encapsulation of the cavity is achieved by optimized fusion splicing onto a standard single or multimode fiber. The empty cavity can be used as semi-curved Fabry-Pérot resonator for gas or liquid sensing. Increased reflectivity of the formed cavity mirrors can be achieved with atomic layer deposition (ALD) of alternating metal oxides. For chemical selective optical sensors, we demonstrate the same FIB-formed cavity concept, but filled with different materials, such as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) which show selective swelling when immersed in different solvents. Finally, a reducing agent sensor based on a FIB formed cavity partially sealed by fusion splicing and coated with a thin ZnO layer by ALD is presented and the results discussed. Sensor interrogation is achieved with spectral or multi-channel intensity measurements.

Use of Industrial Waste (Al-Dross, Red Mud, Mill Scale) as Fluxing Agents in the Sulfurization of Fe-Ni-Cu-Co Alloy by Carbothermic Reduction of Calcium Sulfate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heo, Jung Ho; Jeong, Eui Hyuk; Nam, Chul Woo; Park, Kyung Ho; Park, Joo Hyun

2018-06-01

The use of industrial waste [mill scale (MS), red mud (RM), Al-dross (AD)] as fluxing agents in the sulfurization of Fe-Ni-Cu-Co alloy to matte (Fe-Ni-Cu-Co-S) by carbothermic reduction of CaSO4 was investigated at 1673 K (1400 °C). The sulfurization efficiency (SE) was 76 (± 2) pct at RM or AD single fluxing. However, SE drastically increased to approximately 89 pct at a `5AD + 5MS' combination, which was equivalent to reagent-grade chemical `5Al2O3 + 5Fe2O3' fluxing (SE = 88 pct). The present results can be used to improve the cost-effective recovery of rare metals (Ni and Co) from deep sea manganese nodules.

Selenium in the upper Blackfoot River watershed, southeastern Idaho, 2001-12

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mebane, Christopher A.; Mladenka, Greg; Van Every, Lynn; Williams, Marshall L.; Hardy, Mark A.; Garbarino, John R.

2014-11-05

For the annual spring synoptic samples collected by the IDEQ along the main stem Blackfoot River and major tributaries, selenium concentrations ranged from less than 2 to 870 μg/L in 176 samples. In most years, the synoptic sampling showed that the majority of the selenium loads passing the USGS streamgage at the outlet of the watershed could be attributed to a single tributary, East Mill Creek, which enters the Blackfoot River through Spring Creek. Selenium loads decreased by about half from East Mill Creek before reaching the Blackfoot River, suggesting that much selenium is at least temporarily removed from the water column by uptake by aquatic vegetation or by losses to sediment. Similar decreases in selenium loads occurred through the main stem Blackfoot River before reaching the outlet in low flow years, but not in high flow years.

Microstructure and magnetic behavior of Cu-Co-Si ternary alloy synthesized by mechanical alloying and isothermal annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chabri, Sumit; Bera, S.; Mondal, B. N.; Basumallick, A.; Chattopadhyay, P. P.

2017-03-01

Microstructure and magnetic behavior of nanocrystalline 50Cu-40Co-10Si (at%) alloy prepared by mechanical alloying and subsequent isothermal annealing in the temperature range of 450-650 °C have been studied. Phase evolution during mechanical alloying and isothermal annealing is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analyzer (DTA), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and magnetic measurement. Addition of Si has been found to facilitate the metastable alloying of Co in Cu resulting into the formation of single phase solid solution having average grain size of 9 nm after ball milling for 50 h duration. Annealing of the ball milled alloy improves the magnetic properties significantly and best combination of magnetic properties has been obtained after annealing at 550 °C for 1 h duration.

Plasticity of Micrometer-Scale Single-Crystals in Compression: A Critical Review (PREPRINT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

annealing, FIB milling followed by low‐energy Ar+ milling,  and samples that were grown via  electrodeposition  followed by annealing (which  produced...the three different FIB‐based  processing routes had similar values, while the  electrodeposited  microsamples were  stronger on average but showed...with grain‐size strengthening (n = 0.5) or surface‐controlled  nucleation  (n = 1), for example.  Note that the value of n in Eq. 1 is dependent on the

Use of Industrial Waste (Al-Dross, Red Mud, Mill Scale) as Fluxing Agents in the Sulfurization of Fe-Ni-Cu-Co Alloy by Carbothermic Reduction of Calcium Sulfate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heo, Jung Ho; Jeong, Eui Hyuk; Nam, Chul Woo; Park, Kyung Ho; Park, Joo Hyun

2018-03-01

The use of industrial waste [mill scale (MS), red mud (RM), Al-dross (AD)] as fluxing agents in the sulfurization of Fe-Ni-Cu-Co alloy to matte (Fe-Ni-Cu-Co-S) by carbothermic reduction of CaSO4 was investigated at 1673 K (1400 °C). The sulfurization efficiency (SE) was 76 (± 2) pct at RM or AD single fluxing. However, SE drastically increased to approximately 89 pct at a `5AD + 5MS' combination, which was equivalent to reagent-grade chemical `5Al2O3 + 5Fe2O3' fluxing (SE = 88 pct). The present results can be used to improve the cost-effective recovery of rare metals (Ni and Co) from deep sea manganese nodules.

Millimeter Wave Sensor For On-Line Inspection Of Thin Sheet Dielectrics

DOEpatents

Bakhtiari, Sasan; Gopalsami, Nachappa; Raptis, Apostolos C.

1999-03-23

A millimeter wave sensor is provided for non-destructive inspection of thin sheet dielectric materials. The millimeter wave sensor includes a Gunn diode oscillator (GDO) source generating a mill meter wave electromagnetic energy signal having a single frequency. A heater is coupled to the GDO source for stabilizing the single frequency. A small size antenna is coupled to the GDO source for transmitting the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal to a sample material and for receiving a reflected millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal from the sample material. Ferrite circulator isolators coupled between the GDO source and the antenna separate the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal into transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components and a detector detects change in both amplitude and phase of the transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components. A millimeter wave sensor is provided for non-destructive inspection of thin sheet dielectric materials. The millimeter wave sensor includes a Gunn diode oscillator (GDO) source generating a mill meter wave electromagnetic energy signal having a single frequency. A heater is coupled to the GDO source for stabilizing the single frequency. A small size antenna is coupled to the GDO source for transmitting the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal to a sample material and for receiving a reflected millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal from the sample material. Ferrite circulator isolators coupled between the GDO source and the antenna separate the millimeter wave electromagnetic energy signal into transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components and a detector detects change in both amplitude and phase of the transmitted and received electromagnetic energy signal components.

L1 Retrotransposon Heterogeneity in Ovarian Tumor Cell Evolution.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thu H M; Carreira, Patricia E; Sanchez-Luque, Francisco J; Schauer, Stephanie N; Fagg, Allister C; Richardson, Sandra R; Davies, Claire M; Jesuadian, J Samuel; Kempen, Marie-Jeanne H C; Troskie, Robin-Lee; James, Cini; Beaven, Elizabeth A; Wallis, Tristan P; Coward, Jermaine I G; Chetty, Naven P; Crandon, Alexander J; Venter, Deon J; Armes, Jane E; Perrin, Lewis C; Hooper, John D; Ewing, Adam D; Upton, Kyle R; Faulkner, Geoffrey J

2018-06-26

LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposons are a source of insertional mutagenesis in tumor cells. However, the clinical significance of L1 mobilization during tumorigenesis remains unclear. Here, we applied retrotransposon capture sequencing (RC-seq) to multiple single-cell clones isolated from five ovarian cancer cell lines and HeLa cells and detected endogenous L1 retrotransposition in vitro. We then applied RC-seq to ovarian tumor and matched blood samples from 19 patients and identified 88 tumor-specific L1 insertions. In one tumor, an intronic de novo L1 insertion supplied a novel cis-enhancer to the putative chemoresistance gene STC1. Notably, the tumor subclone carrying the STC1 L1 mutation increased in prevalence after chemotherapy, further increasing STC1 expression. We also identified hypomethylated donor L1s responsible for new L1 insertions in tumors and cultivated cancer cells. These congruent in vitro and in vivo results highlight L1 insertional mutagenesis as a common component of ovarian tumorigenesis and cancer genome heterogeneity. Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Determination of Membrane-Insertion Free Energies by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

PubMed Central

Gumbart, James; Roux, Benoît

2012-01-01

The accurate prediction of membrane-insertion probability for arbitrary protein sequences is a critical challenge to identifying membrane proteins and determining their folded structures. Although algorithms based on sequence statistics have had moderate success, a complete understanding of the energetic factors that drive the insertion of membrane proteins is essential to thoroughly meeting this challenge. In the last few years, numerous attempts to define a free-energy scale for amino-acid insertion have been made, yet disagreement between most experimental and theoretical scales persists. However, for a recently resolved water-to-bilayer scale, it is found that molecular dynamics simulations that carefully mimic the conditions of the experiment can reproduce experimental free energies, even when using the same force field as previous computational studies that were cited as evidence of this disagreement. Therefore, it is suggested that experimental and simulation-based scales can both be accurate and that discrepancies stem from disparities in the microscopic processes being considered rather than methodological errors. Furthermore, these disparities make the development of a single universally applicable membrane-insertion free energy scale difficult. PMID:22385850

Linkage disequilibrium and signatures of positive selection around LINE-1 retrotransposons in the human genome.

PubMed

Kuhn, Alexandre; Ong, Yao Min; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Wong, Tien Yin; Quake, Stephen R; Burkholder, William F

2014-06-03

Insertions of the human-specific subfamily of LINE-1 (L1) retrotransposon are highly polymorphic across individuals and can critically influence the human transcriptome. We hypothesized that L1 insertions could represent genetic variants determining important human phenotypic traits, and performed an integrated analysis of L1 elements and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in several human populations. We found that a large fraction of L1s were in high linkage disequilibrium with their surrounding genomic regions and that they were well tagged by SNPs. However, L1 variants were only partially captured by SNPs on standard SNP arrays, so that their potential phenotypic impact would be frequently missed by SNP array-based genome-wide association studies. We next identified potential phenotypic effects of L1s by looking for signatures of natural selection linked to L1 insertions; significant extended haplotype homozygosity was detected around several L1 insertions. This finding suggests that some of these L1 insertions may have been the target of recent positive selection.

Donaldson-Witten theory and indefinite theta functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korpas, Georgios; Manschot, Jan

2017-11-01

We consider partition functions with insertions of surface operators of topologically twisted N=2 , SU(2) supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, or Donaldson-Witten theory for short, on a four-manifold. If the metric of the compact four-manifold has positive scalar curvature, Moore and Witten have shown that the partition function is completely determined by the integral over the Coulomb branch parameter a, while more generally the Coulomb branch integral captures the wall-crossing behavior of both Donaldson polynomials and Seiberg-Witten invariants. We show that after addition of a \\overlineQ -exact surface operator to the Moore-Witten integrand, the integrand can be written as a total derivative to the anti-holomorphic coordinate ā using Zwegers' indefinite theta functions. In this way, we reproduce Göttsche's expressions for Donaldson invariants of rational surfaces in terms of indefinite theta functions for any choice of metric.

Elevated-temperature flow strength, creep resistance and diffusion welding characteristics of Ti-gAl-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whittenberger, J. D.; Moore, T. J.

1977-01-01

A study of the flow strength, creep resistance and diffusion welding characteristics of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo was conducted. Two mill-processed forms of this alloy were examined. The forged material was essentially processed above the beta transus while the rolled form was subjected to considerable work below the beta transus. Between 1150 and 1250 K, the forged material was stronger and more creep resistant than the rolled alloy. Both forms exhibit superplastic characteristics in this temperature range. Strain measurements during diffusion welding experiments at 1200 K reveal that weld interfaces have no measurable effect on the overall creep deformation. Significant deformation appears to be necessary to produce a quality diffusion weld between superplastic materials. A 'soft' interlayer inserted between faying surfaces would seemingly allow manufacture of quality diffusion welds with little overall deformation.

Detecting condylar contact loss using single-plane fluoroscopy: a comparison with in vivo force data and in vitro bi-plane data.

PubMed

Prins, A H; Kaptein, B L; Banks, S A; Stoel, B C; Nelissen, R G H H; Valstar, E R

2014-05-07

Knee contact mechanics play an important role in knee implant failure and wear mechanics. Femoral condylar contact loss in total knee arthroplasty has been reported in some studies and it is considered to potentially induce excessive wear of the polyethylene insert.Measuring in vivo forces applied to the tibial plateau with an instrumented prosthesis is a possible approach to assess contact loss in vivo, but this approach is not very practical. Alternatively, single-plane fluoroscopy and pose estimation can be used to derive the relative pose of the femoral component with respect to the tibial plateau and estimate the distance from the medial and lateral parts of the femoral component towards the insert. Two measures are reported in the literature: lift-off is commonly defined as the difference in distance between the medial and lateral condyles of the femoral component with respect to the tibial plateau; separation is determined by the closest distance of each condyle towards the polyethylene insert instead of the tibia plateau.In this validation study, lift-off and separation as measured with single-plane fluoroscopy are compared to in vivo contact forces measured with an instrumented knee implant. In a phantom study, lift-off and separation were compared to measurements with a high quality bi-plane measurement.The results of the in vivo contact-force experiment demonstrate a large discrepancy between single-plane fluoroscopy and the in vivo force data: single-plane fluoroscopy measured up to 5.1mm of lift-off or separation, whereas the force data never showed actual loss of contact. The phantom study demonstrated that the single-plane setup could introduce an overestimation of 0.22mm±±0.36mm. Correcting the out-of-plane position resulted in an underestimation of medial separation by -0.20mm±±0.29mm.In conclusion, there is a discrepancy between the in vivo force data and single-plane fluoroscopic measurements. Therefore contact loss may not always be determined reliably by single plane fluoroscopy analysis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

12. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (MONADNOCK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (MONADNOCK CHILEAN) FROM EAST, c. 1912. ELEVATOR No. 1 ADJACENT TO MILL. CREDIT WR. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD

Effects of insertion speed and trocar stiffness on the accuracy of needle position for brachytherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGill, Carl S.; Schwartz, Jonathon A.; Moore, Jason Z.

2012-04-15

Purpose: In prostate brachytherapy, accurate positioning of the needle tip to place radioactive seeds at its target site is critical for successful radiation treatment. During the procedure, needle deflection leads to seed misplacement and suboptimal radiation dose to cancerous cells. In practice, radiation oncologists commonly use high-speed hand needle insertion to minimize displacement of the prostate as well as the needle deflection. Effects of speed during needle insertion and stiffness of trocar (a solid rod inside the hollow cannula) on needle deflection are studied. Methods: Needle insertion experiments into phantom were performed using a 2{sup 2} factorial design (2 parametersmore » at 2 levels), with each condition having replicates. Analysis of the deflection data included calculating the average, standard deviation, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find significant single and two-way interaction factors. Results: The stiffer tungsten carbide trocar is effective in reducing the average and standard deviation of needle deflection. The fast insertion speed together with the stiffer trocar generated the smallest average and standard deviation for needle deflection for almost all cases. Conclusions: The combination of stiff tungsten carbide trocar and fast needle insertion speed are important to decreasing needle deflection. The knowledge gained from this study can be used to improve the accuracy of needle insertion during brachytherapy procedures.« less

Orangutan Alu quiescence reveals possible source element: support for ancient backseat drivers

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Sequence analysis of the orangutan genome revealed that recent proliferative activity of Alu elements has been uncharacteristically quiescent in the Pongo (orangutan) lineage, compared with all previously studied primate genomes. With relatively few young polymorphic insertions, the genomic landscape of the orangutan seemed like the ideal place to search for a driver, or source element, of Alu retrotransposition. Results Here we report the identification of a nearly pristine insertion possessing all the known putative hallmarks of a retrotranspositionally competent Alu element. It is located in an intronic sequence of the DGKB gene on chromosome 7 and is highly conserved in Hominidae (the great apes), but absent from Hylobatidae (gibbon and siamang). We provide evidence for the evolution of a lineage-specific subfamily of this shared Alu insertion in orangutans and possibly the lineage leading to humans. In the orangutan genome, this insertion contains three orangutan-specific diagnostic mutations which are characteristic of the youngest polymorphic Alu subfamily, AluYe5b5_Pongo. In the Homininae lineage (human, chimpanzee and gorilla), this insertion has acquired three different mutations which are also found in a single human-specific Alu insertion. Conclusions This seemingly stealth-like amplification, ongoing at a very low rate over millions of years of evolution, suggests that this shared insertion may represent an ancient backseat driver of Alu element expansion. PMID:22541534

Orangutan Alu quiescence reveals possible source element: support for ancient backseat drivers.

PubMed

Walker, Jerilyn A; Konkel, Miriam K; Ullmer, Brygg; Monceaux, Christopher P; Ryder, Oliver A; Hubley, Robert; Smit, Arian Fa; Batzer, Mark A

2012-04-30

Sequence analysis of the orangutan genome revealed that recent proliferative activity of Alu elements has been uncharacteristically quiescent in the Pongo (orangutan) lineage, compared with all previously studied primate genomes. With relatively few young polymorphic insertions, the genomic landscape of the orangutan seemed like the ideal place to search for a driver, or source element, of Alu retrotransposition. Here we report the identification of a nearly pristine insertion possessing all the known putative hallmarks of a retrotranspositionally competent Alu element. It is located in an intronic sequence of the DGKB gene on chromosome 7 and is highly conserved in Hominidae (the great apes), but absent from Hylobatidae (gibbon and siamang). We provide evidence for the evolution of a lineage-specific subfamily of this shared Alu insertion in orangutans and possibly the lineage leading to humans. In the orangutan genome, this insertion contains three orangutan-specific diagnostic mutations which are characteristic of the youngest polymorphic Alu subfamily, AluYe5b5_Pongo. In the Homininae lineage (human, chimpanzee and gorilla), this insertion has acquired three different mutations which are also found in a single human-specific Alu insertion. This seemingly stealth-like amplification, ongoing at a very low rate over millions of years of evolution, suggests that this shared insertion may represent an ancient backseat driver of Alu element expansion.

Evaluation of dual-tip micromanometers during 21-day implantation in goats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reister, C. A.; Koenig, S. C.; Schaub, J. D.; Ewert, D. L.; Swope, R. D.; Latham, R. D.; Fanton, J. W.; Convertino, V. A. (Principal Investigator)

1998-01-01

Investigative research efforts using a cardiovascular model required the determination of central circulatory haemodynamic and arterial system parameters for the evaluation of cardiovascular performance. These calculations required continuous beat-to-beat measurement of pressure within the four chambers of the heart and great vessels. Sensitivity and offset drift, longevity, and sources of error for eight 3F dual-tipped micromanometers were determined during 21 days of implantation in goats. Subjects were instrumented with pairs of chronically implanted fluid-filled access catheters in the left and right ventricles, through which dual-tipped (test) micromanometers were chronically inserted and single-tip (standard) micromanometers were acutely inserted. Acutely inserted sensors were calibrated daily and measured pressures were compared in vivo to the chronically inserted sensors. Comparison of the pre- and post-gain calibration of the chronically inserted sensors showed a mean sensitivity drift of 1.0 +/- 0.4% (99% confidence, n = 9 sensors) and mean offset drift of 5.0 +/- 1.5 mmHg (99% confidence, n = 9 sensors). Potential sources of error for these drifts were identified, and included measurement system inaccuracies, temperature drift, hydrostatic column gradients, and dynamic pressure changes. Based upon these findings, we determined that these micromanometers may be chronically inserted in high-pressure chambers for up to 17 days with an acceptable error, but should be limited to acute (hours) insertions in low-pressure applications.

Accuracy of Dual-Energy Virtual Monochromatic CT Numbers: Comparison between the Single-Source Projection-Based and Dual-Source Image-Based Methods.

PubMed

Ueguchi, Takashi; Ogihara, Ryota; Yamada, Sachiko

2018-03-21

To investigate the accuracy of dual-energy virtual monochromatic computed tomography (CT) numbers obtained by two typical hardware and software implementations: the single-source projection-based method and the dual-source image-based method. A phantom with different tissue equivalent inserts was scanned with both single-source and dual-source scanners. A fast kVp-switching feature was used on the single-source scanner, whereas a tin filter was used on the dual-source scanner. Virtual monochromatic CT images of the phantom at energy levels of 60, 100, and 140 keV were obtained by both projection-based (on the single-source scanner) and image-based (on the dual-source scanner) methods. The accuracy of virtual monochromatic CT numbers for all inserts was assessed by comparing measured values to their corresponding true values. Linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the dependency of measured CT numbers on tissue attenuation, method, and their interaction. Root mean square values of systematic error over all inserts at 60, 100, and 140 keV were approximately 53, 21, and 29 Hounsfield unit (HU) with the single-source projection-based method, and 46, 7, and 6 HU with the dual-source image-based method, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed that the interaction between the attenuation and the method had a statistically significant effect on the measured CT numbers at 100 and 140 keV. There were attenuation-, method-, and energy level-dependent systematic errors in the measured virtual monochromatic CT numbers. CT number reproducibility was comparable between the two scanners, and CT numbers had better accuracy with the dual-source image-based method at 100 and 140 keV. Copyright © 2018 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Practice-based clinical evaluation of ceramic single crowns after at least five years.

PubMed

Dhima, Matilda; Paulusova, Vladimira; Carr, Alan B; Rieck, Kevin L; Lohse, Christine; Salinas, Thomas J

2014-02-01

Long-term practice-based clinical evaluations of various contemporary ceramic crown restorations from multiple practitioners are limited. The aims of this study were to evaluate the clinical performance of ceramic single crowns and to identify factors that influence their clinical performance. Ceramic single crowns that had been placed at the Mayo Clinic and in function since 2005 were identified and included in the study. The restorations were examined clinically, radiographically, and with photographs. Modified United States Public Health Services criteria were used for the clinical evaluation. The ceramic systems evaluated were bilayer and monolayer. Fifty-nine patients (41 women, 18 men) with 226 single teeth and implants restored with single ceramic crowns were identified. The mean duration from insertion date to study examination date was 6.1 years. Thirteen restorations (6%) were replaced at a mean 3.3 years after insertion date (range, 0.1-6.1 years). Estimated replacement-free survival rates (95% confidence interval [CI]; number of teeth/implants still at risk) at 5 years after insertion date were 95.1% (95% CI, 92.2-98.1; 153) and at 10 years were 92.8% (95% CI, 89.1-96.8; 8). The most common reason for replacement was fracture to the core of posterior layered ceramic crowns. The most commonly used luting agent was resin-modified ionomer cement. Most restorations exhibited clinically acceptable marginal integrity, shade, no caries recurrence, and no periapical pathology. The clinical performance of ceramic single crowns at 5 and 10 years supports their application in all areas of the mouth. With the majority of fractures to the core occurring early in the lifetime of layered ceramic posterior crowns, consideration of other monolithic ceramic systems for posterior crowns is advised. Copyright © 2014 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Single- and double-balloon enteroscopy-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in patients with Roux-en-Y plus hepaticojejunostomy anastomosis and Whipple resection.

PubMed

Itokawa, Fumihide; Itoi, Takao; Ishii, Kentaro; Sofuni, Atsushi; Moriyasu, Fuminori

2014-04-01

In patients with Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy (HJ with R-Y) and Whipple resection, endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) can be challenging. We report our experience with ERCP using balloon-assisted enteroscopy (BAE) (BAE-ERCP) in patients with HJ with R-Y, and Whipple resection. BAE-ERCP procedures were carried out in 62 patients (HJ with R-Y:Whipple resection=34:28). Overall, the rates of reaching the anastomosis were 85.3% (29/34) in HJ with R-Y and 96.4% (27/28) in Whipple resection. In terms of HJ with R-Y, insertion success rate by standard single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) was 89.3% (25/28). Insertion success rate by short BAE, including SBE and double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE), was 50% (3/6). There was a statistically significant difference of insertion success rate between standard long BE and short BE (P=0.021). However, in the Whipple patients, insertion success rate by standard and short SBE was 93.8% (15/16) and 91.7% (11/12), respectively. Initial insertion success rate by short BAE in Whipple patients was significantly higher than in HJ with R-Y (91.7% vs 50%, P=0.045). Therapeutic interventions included dilation of anastomosis stricture, stone extraction, endoscopic mechanical lithotripsy, biliary stent placement, stent extraction, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage, direct cholangioscopy, and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. Our HJ with R-Y series and Whipple series treatment success rate was 90% (18/20) and 95.0% (19/20), respectively. BAE-ERCP enabled ERCP to be carried out in patients with HJ. It is considered safe and feasible. Further experience and device improvement are needed. © 2014 The Authors. Digestive Endoscopy © 2014 Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.

Therapeutic peroral direct cholangioscopy using a single balloon enteroscope in patients with Roux-en-Y anastomosis (with videos).

PubMed

Yamauchi, Hiroshi; Kida, Mitsuhiro; Okuwaki, Kosuke; Miyazawa, Shiro; Matsumoto, Takaaki; Uehara, Kazuho; Miyata, Eiji; Hasegawa, Rikiya; Kaneko, Toru; Laopeamthong, Issaree; Lei, Yang; Iwai, Tomohisa; Imaizumi, Hiroshi; Koizumi, Wasaburo

2018-01-01

Peroral cholangioscopic lithotripsy is a useful procedure in patients with a normal gastrointestinal anatomy who have difficult-to-treat stones. We evaluated the usefulness of peroral direct cholangioscopy (PDCS) using single-balloon enteroscope (SBE) in patients with difficult-to-treat stones who had undergone Roux-en-Y reconstruction. Among 118 patients (169 sessions) who underwent SBE-assisted endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography to treat biliary stones after Roux-en-Y reconstruction, patients in whom it was difficult to remove biliary stones via a transpapillary or transanastomotic approach and difficult to switch to ultra-slim endoscope, were retrospectively enrolled. The biliary insertion success rate, procedure success rate, procedure time, and procedural complications were assessed. The SBE was inserted into the bile-duct, first using a free-hand technique, second using a guide wire, and third using the large balloon anchoring and deflation (LBAD) technique. A total of 11 patients (14 sessions) were enrolled in this study. The biliary insertion success rate was 100%. Bile-duct insertion was performed using a free-hand technique in 4 sessions, a guide wire in 3 sessions (rendezvous technique, 2 sessions), and the LBAD technique in 7 sessions. The procedure success rate was 86% in first session, and 100% in second session. The median procedure time was 81 min (range 49-137). The median procedure time in the bile-duct was 21.5 min (range 6-60). Mild pancreatitis occurred as a complication in one patient. The median follow-up was 528 days (range 282-764). No patient had stone recurrence. PDCS using SBE is a useful procedure in patients with Roux-en-Y reconstruction. The LBAD technique is an useful technique of inserting SBE into the bile-duct.

Effect of reinforcing particle type on morphology and age-hardening behavior of Al–4.5 wt.% Cu based nanocomposites synthesized through mechanical milling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mostaed, A., E-mail: alimostaed@yahoo.com; Saghafian, H.; Mostaed, E.

2013-02-15

The effects of reinforcing particle type (SiC and TiC) on morphology and precipitation hardening behavior of Al–4.5%Cu based nanocomposites synthesized via mechanical milling were investigated in the current work. In order to study the microstructure and morphology of mechanically milled powder, X-ray diffraction technique, scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy were utilized. Results revealed that at the early stages of mechanical milling, when reinforcing particles are polycrystal, the alloying process is enhanced more in the case of using the TiC particles as reinforcement. But, at the final stages of mechanical milling, when reinforcing particles are single crystal,more » the alloying process is enhanced more in the case of using the SiC ones. Transmission electron microscopy results demonstrated that Al–4.5 wt.%Cu based nanocomposite powders were synthesized and confirmed that the mutual diffusion of aluminum and copper occurs through the interfacial plane of (200). The hardness results showed that not only does introducing 4 vol.% of reinforcing particles (SiC or TiC) considerably decrease the porosity of the bulk composite samples, but also it approximately doubles the hardness of Al–4.5 wt.%Cu alloy (53.4 HB). Finally, apart from TEM and scanning electron microscopy observation which are localized, a decline in hardness in the TiC and SiC contained samples, respectively, after 1.5 and 2 h aging time at 473 K proves the fact that the size of SiC particles is smaller than the size of the TiC ones. - Highlights: ► HRTEM results show mutual diffusion of Al and Cu occurs through the (200) planes. ► TiC particles enhance alloying process more than the SiC ones at the early stages of MM. ► SiC particles enhance alloying process more than the TiC ones at the final stages of MM.« less

A new optimization tool path planning for 3-axis end milling of free-form surfaces based on efficient machining intervals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vu, Duy-Duc; Monies, Frédéric; Rubio, Walter

2018-05-01

A large number of studies, based on 3-axis end milling of free-form surfaces, seek to optimize tool path planning. Approaches try to optimize the machining time by reducing the total tool path length while respecting the criterion of the maximum scallop height. Theoretically, the tool path trajectories that remove the most material follow the directions in which the machined width is the largest. The free-form surface is often considered as a single machining area. Therefore, the optimization on the entire surface is limited. Indeed, it is difficult to define tool trajectories with optimal feed directions which generate largest machined widths. Another limiting point of previous approaches for effectively reduce machining time is the inadequate choice of the tool. Researchers use generally a spherical tool on the entire surface. However, the gains proposed by these different methods developed with these tools lead to relatively small time savings. Therefore, this study proposes a new method, using toroidal milling tools, for generating toolpaths in different regions on the machining surface. The surface is divided into several regions based on machining intervals. These intervals ensure that the effective radius of the tool, at each cutter-contact points on the surface, is always greater than the radius of the tool in an optimized feed direction. A parallel plane strategy is then used on the sub-surfaces with an optimal specific feed direction for each sub-surface. This method allows one to mill the entire surface with efficiency greater than with the use of a spherical tool. The proposed method is calculated and modeled using Maple software to find optimal regions and feed directions in each region. This new method is tested on a free-form surface. A comparison is made with a spherical cutter to show the significant gains obtained with a toroidal milling cutter. Comparisons with CAM software and experimental validations are also done. The results show the efficiency of the method.

12. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Historical view, 1934, T.T. Waterman Collection, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Oahu, Hawaii. Masonry-lined passageway leading to the mill at the center of its circular masonry enclosure. The passageway permitted cane to be carried to the mill and cane trash (bagasse) to be carried away after milling. Bridges over the passageways, not in place, permitted the mill animals to circle and power the mill from above. View shows area prior to substantial overgrowth existing in 1978 views of the area. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Ligand-accelerated enantioselective methylene C(sp3)-H bond activation.

PubMed

Chen, Gang; Gong, Wei; Zhuang, Zhe; Andrä, Michal S; Chen, Yan-Qiao; Hong, Xin; Yang, Yun-Fang; Liu, Tao; Houk, K N; Yu, Jin-Quan

2016-09-02

Effective differentiation of prochiral carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds on a single methylene carbon via asymmetric metal insertion remains a challenge. Here, we report the discovery of chiral acetyl-protected aminoethyl quinoline ligands that enable asymmetric palladium insertion into prochiral C-H bonds on a single methylene carbon center. We apply these palladium complexes to catalytic enantioselective functionalization of β-methylene C-H bonds in aliphatic amides. Using bidentate ligands to accelerate C-H activation of otherwise unreactive monodentate substrates is crucial for outcompeting the background reaction driven by substrate-directed cyclopalladation, thereby avoiding erosion of enantioselectivity. The potential of ligand acceleration in C-H activation is also demonstrated by enantioselective β-C-H arylation of simple carboxylic acids without installing directing groups. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

13. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (ALLIS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (ALLIS CHALMERS BALL MILL) FROM EAST, c. 1919. ELECTRIC MOTOR AND DRIVE SHAFT CLEARLY VISIBLE. CREDIT WR. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD

Knee arthrodesis using a short locked intramedullary nail. A new technique.

PubMed

Cheng, S L; Gross, A E

1995-01-01

This article reports on the use of a new intramedullary nail designed specifically for fixation of knee fusions. The nail is a short locked stainless steel nail that is inserted through a single anterior knee incision and uses an outrigger targeting rod to guide the insertion of the locking screws. The successful use of this technique is illustrated in two cases. The advantages of this nail compared with previously reported techniques of fixation for knee fusions are that the short locked nail avoids the second incision required for the insertion of long knee fusion nails, the bulkiness of the double plating technique in the relatively subcutaneous anterior knee area, and the difficulties inherent with the prolonged use of pins for external fixation.

The insertion products of 2-picolyl lithium salt with benzonitrile and terephthalonitrile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yihao; Xiao, Xia; Bai, Jianliang; Cao, Wei; Chen, Xia

2018-02-01

Treatment of 2-picoline with BunLi in THF affords its corresponding 2-picolyl lithium salt in a high yield. The insertion of benzonitrile into the Lisbnd C bond of 2-picolyl lithium followed by acidic hydrolysis yields the corresponding β-pyridyl ketone (1), and diketone compounds (2) is obtained from 1 by intermolecular elimination of proton under the base condition. Similarly, the insertion of terephthalonitrile into 2-picolyl lithium leads to a 1,4-phenyl-linked pyridyl-azaalyl dilithium complex 4, followed by acidic hydrolysis yields corresponding 1,4-phenyl-linked dipyridylketone 3. The probable reaction pathway for the formation of 2 has been investigated. Compound 2 and 4 have been characterized by single-crystal X-ray crystallography.

76 FR 2409 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Lot 32 Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

..., as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... Mills Indian Reservation and part of the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan for the exclusive use of...

33. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: From above the mill showing the three 15' x 22' horizontal rolls, mill frame or cheeks, portland cement foundation, and lower part of vertical drive shaft lying next mill in foreground. The loose metal piece resting on top of the mill frame matched the indented portion of the upper frame to form a bracket and bearing for the drive shaft when it was in its proper upright position. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Effects of milling on functional properties of rice flour.

PubMed

Kadan, R S; Bryant, R J; Miller, J A

2008-05-01

A commercial long-grain rice flour (CRF) and the flours made by using a pin mill and the Udy mill from the same batch of broken second-head white long-grain rice were evaluated for their particle size and functional properties. The purpose of this study was to compare the commercial rice flour milling method to the pin and Udy milling methods used in our laboratory and pilot plant. The results showed that pin milled flour had more uniform particle size than the other 2 milled flours. The chalky kernels found in broken white milled rice were pulverized more into fines in both Udy milled flour and CRF than in the pin milled flour. The excessive amount of fines in flours affected their functional properties, for example, WSI and their potential usage in the novel foods such as rice breads (RB). The RB made from CRF collapsed more than loaves made from pin milled Cypress long-grain flours.

Single shot trajectory design for region-specific imaging using linear and nonlinear magnetic encoding fields.

PubMed

Layton, Kelvin J; Gallichan, Daniel; Testud, Frederik; Cocosco, Chris A; Welz, Anna M; Barmet, Christoph; Pruessmann, Klaas P; Hennig, Jürgen; Zaitsev, Maxim

2013-09-01

It has recently been demonstrated that nonlinear encoding fields result in a spatially varying resolution. This work develops an automated procedure to design single-shot trajectories that create a local resolution improvement in a region of interest. The technique is based on the design of optimized local k-space trajectories and can be applied to arbitrary hardware configurations that employ any number of linear and nonlinear encoding fields. The trajectories designed in this work are tested with the currently available hardware setup consisting of three standard linear gradients and two quadrupolar encoding fields generated from a custom-built gradient insert. A field camera is used to measure the actual encoding trajectories up to third-order terms, enabling accurate reconstructions of these demanding single-shot trajectories, although the eddy current and concomitant field terms of the gradient insert have not been completely characterized. The local resolution improvement is demonstrated in phantom and in vivo experiments. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The Impact of Preoperative α-Adrenergic Antagonists on Ureteral Access Sheath Insertion Force and the Upper Limit of Force Required to Avoid Ureteral Mucosal Injury: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PubMed

Koo, Kyo Chul; Yoon, Jun-Ho; Park, No-Cheol; Lee, Hye Sun; Ahn, Hyun Kyu; Lee, Kwang Suk; Kim, Do Kyung; Cho, Kang Su; Chung, Byung Ha; Hong, Chang Hee

2018-06-01

Excessive bulking force during primary access of the ureteral access sheath may induce ureteral injury. We investigated the efficacy of preoperative α-blockade to reduce ureteral access sheath insertion force and determine the upper limit required to avoid ureteral injury. In this randomized controlled trial 135 patients from a single institution who had ureteropelvic junction or renal pelvis stones and were scheduled to undergo retrograde intrarenal surgery were prospectively enrolled from December 2015 to January 2017. Of the patients 41 and 42 were randomly assigned to the control and experimental groups, respectively. The experimental group received α-blockade preoperatively. The 21 patients who were pre-stented were assessed separately. We developed a homemade device to measure maximal ureteral access sheath insertion force. Our ureteral access sheath insertion force measurement device showed excellent reproducibility. Higher insertion velocity resulted in greater maximal sheath insertion force. Maximal insertion force in the α-blockade group was significantly lower than in the control group at the ureterovesical junction (p = 0.008) and the proximal ureter (p = 0.036). Maximal insertion force in the α-blockade group was comparable to that in pre-stented patients. Female patients and patients 70 years old or older showed a lower maximal ureteral access sheath insertion force than their counterparts. The rate of grade 2 or greater ureteral injury was lower in the α-blockade group than in controls (p = 0.038). No injury occurred in any case in which ureteral access sheath insertion force did not exceed 600 G. Preoperative α-blockade and slow sheath placement may reduce maximal ureteral access sheath insertion force. If the force exceeds 600 G, a smaller diameter sheath may be an alternative. Alternatively the procedure can be terminated and followed later by pre-stented retrograde intrarenal surgery. Copyright © 2018 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

75 FR 71463 - Woodland Mills Corporation Mill Spring, NC; Notice of Revised Determination on Reconsideration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-23

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-73,695] Woodland Mills Corporation Mill Spring, NC; Notice of Revised Determination on Reconsideration By application dated July 22... regarding the eligibility of workers and former workers of Woodland Mills Corporation, Mill Spring, North...

1. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF KEX PLANT, FORMER CALLAWAY MILLS UNITY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF KEX PLANT, FORMER CALLAWAY MILLS UNITY COTTON MILL (A. FRANCIS WALKER, 1900-01) FROM DUNSON STREET. UNITY COTTON MILL WAS THE FIRST OF SEVERAL TEXTILE MILLS BUILT BY THE CALLAWAY MILLS GROUP IN SOUTHWEST LAGRANGE DURING THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY. NOTE REMAINING PORTION OF ORIGINAL WATER TANK TOWER IN MIDDLE OF PHOTOGRAPH. - Unity Cotton Mill, 815 Leeman Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA

``Dressing'' lines and vertices in calculations of matrix elements with the coupled-cluster method and determination of Cs atomic properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Derevianko, Andrei; Porsev, Sergey G.

2005-03-01

We consider evaluation of matrix elements with the coupled-cluster method. Such calculations formally involve infinite number of terms and we devise a method of partial summation (dressing) of the resulting series. Our formalism is built upon an expansion of the product C†C of cluster amplitudes C into a sum of n -body insertions. We consider two types of insertions: particle (hole) line insertion and two-particle (two-hole) random-phase-approximation-like insertion. We demonstrate how to “dress” these insertions and formulate iterative equations. We illustrate the dressing equations in the case when the cluster operator is truncated at single and double excitations. Using univalent systems as an example, we upgrade coupled-cluster diagrams for matrix elements with the dressed insertions and highlight a relation to pertinent fourth-order diagrams. We illustrate our formalism with relativistic calculations of the hyperfine constant A(6s) and the 6s1/2-6p1/2 electric-dipole transition amplitude for the Cs atom. Finally, we augment the truncated coupled-cluster calculations with otherwise omitted fourth order diagrams. The resulting analysis for Cs is complete through the fourth order of many-body perturbation theory and reveals an important role of triple and disconnected quadruple excitations.

GABI-Kat SimpleSearch: new features of the Arabidopsis thaliana T-DNA mutant database.

PubMed

Kleinboelting, Nils; Huep, Gunnar; Kloetgen, Andreas; Viehoever, Prisca; Weisshaar, Bernd

2012-01-01

T-DNA insertion mutants are very valuable for reverse genetics in Arabidopsis thaliana. Several projects have generated large sequence-indexed collections of T-DNA insertion lines, of which GABI-Kat is the second largest resource worldwide. User access to the collection and its Flanking Sequence Tags (FSTs) is provided by the front end SimpleSearch (http://www.GABI-Kat.de). Several significant improvements have been implemented recently. The database now relies on the TAIRv10 genome sequence and annotation dataset. All FSTs have been newly mapped using an optimized procedure that leads to improved accuracy of insertion site predictions. A fraction of the collection with weak FST yield was re-analysed by generating new FSTs. Along with newly found predictions for older sequences about 20,000 new FSTs were included in the database. Information about groups of FSTs pointing to the same insertion site that is found in several lines but is real only in a single line are included, and many problematic FST-to-line links have been corrected using new wet-lab data. SimpleSearch currently contains data from ~71,000 lines with predicted insertions covering 62.5% of the 27,206 nuclear protein coding genes, and offers insertion allele-specific data from 9545 confirmed lines that are available from the Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre.

Gene replacements and insertions in rice by intron targeting using CRISPR-Cas9.

PubMed

Li, Jun; Meng, Xiangbing; Zong, Yuan; Chen, Kunling; Zhang, Huawei; Liu, Jinxing; Li, Jiayang; Gao, Caixia

2016-09-12

Sequence-specific nucleases have been exploited to create targeted gene knockouts in various plants(1), but replacing a fragment and even obtaining gene insertions at specific loci in plant genomes remain a serious challenge. Here, we report efficient intron-mediated site-specific gene replacement and insertion approaches that generate mutations using the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system. Using a pair of single guide RNAs (sgRNAs) targeting adjacent introns and a donor DNA template including the same pair of sgRNA sites, we achieved gene replacements in the rice endogenous gene 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) at a frequency of 2.0%. We also obtained targeted gene insertions at a frequency of 2.2% using a sgRNA targeting one intron and a donor DNA template including the same sgRNA site. Rice plants harbouring the OsEPSPS gene with the intended substitutions were glyphosate-resistant. Furthermore, the site-specific gene replacements and insertions were faithfully transmitted to the next generation. These newly developed approaches can be generally used to replace targeted gene fragments and to insert exogenous DNA sequences into specific genomic sites in rice and other plants.

Prediction of the distance from skin to epidural space for low-thoracic epidural catheter insertion by computed tomography.

PubMed

Kao, M C; Tsai, S K; Chang, W K; Liu, H T; Hsieh, Y C; Hu, J S; Mok, M S

2004-02-01

It may be clinically useful to predict the depth of the epidural space. To investigate the accuracy of preoperative abdominal computed tomography (CT) in prediction of the distance for low-thoracic epidural insertion, a single group observational study was conducted in 30 male patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery requiring epidural analgesia for postoperative pain relief. Using the paramedian approach, low-thoracic epidural insertion at T10-11 interspace was performed with a standardized procedure to obtain an actual insertion length (AIL). According to the principles of trigonometry, an estimated insertion length (EIL) was calculated as 1.26 times the distance from skin to epidural space measured from the preoperative abdominal CT. The mean (SD) EIL and AIL were 5.5 (0.7) and 5.1 (0.6) cm, respectively, with a significant correlation (r=0.899, P<0.01). The EIL tended to have a higher value than the AIL (0.4 (0.3) cm). There were significant correlations of both EIL and AIL with weight (P<0.01), BMI (P<0.01), and body fat percentage (P<0.01), but not with height (P>0.05). We conclude that the preoperative abdominal CT is helpful in prediction of the distance for low-thoracic epidural insertion using the paramedian approach.

Process of making cryogenically cooled high thermal performance crystal optics

DOEpatents

Kuzay, Tuncer M.

1992-01-01

A method for constructing a cooled optic wherein one or more cavities are milled, drilled or formed using casting or ultrasound laser machining techniques in a single crystal base and filled with porous material having high thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures. A non-machined strain-free single crystal can be bonded to the base to produce superior optics. During operation of the cooled optic, N.sub.2 is pumped through the porous material at a sub-cooled cryogenic inlet temperature and with sufficient system pressure to prevent the fluid bulk temperature from reaching saturation.

Process of making cryogenically cooled high thermal performance crystal optics

DOEpatents

Kuzay, T.M.

1992-06-23

A method is disclosed for constructing a cooled optic wherein one or more cavities are milled, drilled or formed using casting or ultrasound laser machining techniques in a single crystal base and filled with porous material having high thermal conductivity at cryogenic temperatures. A non-machined strain-free single crystal can be bonded to the base to produce superior optics. During operation of the cooled optic, N[sub 2] is pumped through the porous material at a sub-cooled cryogenic inlet temperature and with sufficient system pressure to prevent the fluid bulk temperature from reaching saturation. 7 figs.

Flat midsubstance of the anterior cruciate ligament with tibial "C"-shaped insertion site.

PubMed

Siebold, Rainer; Schuhmacher, Peter; Fernandez, Francis; Śmigielski, Robert; Fink, Christian; Brehmer, Axel; Kirsch, Joachim

2015-11-01

This anatomical cadaver study was performed to investigate the flat appearance of the midsubstance shape of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and its tibial "C"-shaped insertion site. The ACL midsubstance and the tibial ACL insertion were dissected in 20 cadaveric knees (n = 6 fresh frozen and n = 14 paraffined). Magnifying spectacles were used for all dissections. Morphometric measurements were performed using callipers and on digital photographs. In all specimens, the midsubstance of the ACL was flat with a mean width of 9.9 mm, thickness of 3.9 mm and cross-sectional area of 38.7 mm(2). The "direct" "C"-shaped tibial insertion runs from along the medial tibial spine to the anterior aspect of the lateral meniscus. The mean width (length) of the "C" was 12.6 mm, its thickness 3.3 mm and area 31.4 mm(2). The centre of the "C" was the bony insertion of the anterior root of the lateral meniscus overlayed by fat and crossed by the ACL. No posterolateral (PL) inserting ACL fibres were found. Together with the larger "indirect" part (area 79.6 mm(2)), the "direct" one formed a "duck-foot"-shaped footprint. The tibial ACL midsubstance and tibial "C"-shaped insertion are flat and are resembling a "ribbon". The centre of the "C" is the bony insertion of the anterior root of the lateral meniscus. There are no central or PL inserting ACL fibres. Anatomical ACL reconstruction may therefore require a flat graft and a "C"-shaped tibial footprint reconstruction with an anteromedial bone tunnel for single bundle and an additional posteromedial bone tunnel for double bundle.

Smooth muscle myosin isoform expression and LC20 phosphorylation in innate rat airway hyperresponsiveness.

PubMed

Gil, Fulvio R; Zitouni, Nedjma B; Azoulay, Eric; Maghni, Karim; Lauzon, Anne-Marie

2006-11-01

Four smooth muscle myosin heavy chain (SMMHC) isoforms are generated by alternative mRNA splicing of a single gene. Two of these isoforms differ by the presence [(+)insert] or absence [(-)insert] of a 7-amino acid insert in the motor domain. The rate of actin filament propulsion of the (+)insert SMMHC isoform, as measured in the in vitro motility assay, is twofold greater than that of the (-)insert isoform. We hypothesized that a greater expression of the (+)insert SMMHC isoform and greater regulatory light chain (LC(20)) phosphorylation contribute to airway hyperresponsiveness. We measured airway responsiveness to methacholine in Fischer hyperresponsive and Lewis normoresponsive rats and determined SMMHC isoform mRNA and protein expression, as well as essential light chain (LC(17)) isoforms, h-caldesmon, and alpha-actin protein expression in their tracheae. We also measured tracheal muscle strip contractility in response to methacholine and corresponding LC(20) phosphorylation. We found Fischer rats have more (+)insert mRNA (69.4 +/- 2.0%) (mean +/- SE) than Lewis rats (53.0 +/- 2.4%; P < 0.05) and a 44% greater content of (+)insert isoform relative to total myosin protein. No difference was found for LC(17) isoform, h-caldesmon, and alpha-actin expression. The contractility experiments revealed a greater isometric force for Fischer trachealis segments (4.2 +/- 0.8 mN) than Lewis (1.9 +/- 0.4 mN; P < 0.05) and greater LC(20) phosphorylation level in Fischer (55.1 +/- 6.4) than in Lewis (41.4 +/- 6.1; P < 0.05) rats. These results further support the contention that innate airway hyperresponsiveness is a multifactorial disorder in which increased expression of the fast (+)insert SMMHC isoform and greater activation of LC(20) lead to smooth muscle hypercontractility.

Evaluation of preferable insertion routes for esophagogastroduodenoscopy using ultrathin endoscopes

PubMed Central

Ono, Satoshi; Niimi, Keiko; Fujishiro, Mitsuhiro; Takahashi, Yu; Sakaguchi, Yoshiki; Nakayama, Chiemi; Minatsuki, Chihiro; Matsuda, Rie; Hirayama-Asada, Itsuko; Tsuji, Yosuke; Mochizuki, Satoshi; Kodashima, Shinya; Yamamichi, Nobutake; Ozeki, Atsuko; Matsumoto, Lumine; Ohike, Yumiko; Yamazaki, Tsutomu; Koike, Kazuhiko

2014-01-01

AIM: To evaluate the discomfort associated with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) using an ultrathin endoscope through different insertion routes. METHODS: This study (January 2012-March 2013) included 1971 consecutive patients [male/female (M/F), 1158/813, 57.5 ± 11.9 years] who visited a single institute for annual health checkups. Transnasal EGD was performed in 1394 patients and transoral EGD in 577. EGD-associated discomfort was assessed using a visual analog scale score (VAS score: 0-10). RESULTS: Multivariate analysis revealed gender (M vs F: 4.02 ± 2.15 vs 5.06 ± 2.43) as the only independent predictor of the VAS score in 180 patients who underwent EGD for the first time; whereas it revealed gender (M vs F 3.60 ± 2.20 vs 4.84 ± 2.37), operator, age group (A: < 39 years; B: 40-49 years; C: 50-59 years; D: 60-69 years; E: > 70 years; A/B/C/D/E: 4.99 ± 2.32/4.34 ± 2.49/4.19 ± 2.31/3.99 ± 2.27/3.63 ± 2.31), and type of insertion as independent predictors in the remaining patients. Subanalysis for gender, age group, and insertion route revealed that the VAS score decreased with age regardless of gender and insertion route, was high in female patients regardless of age and insertion route, and was low in males aged over 60 years who underwent transoral insertion. CONCLUSION: Although comprehensive analysis revealed that the insertion route may not be an independent predictor of the VAS score, transoral insertion may reduce EGD-associated discomfort in elderly patients. PMID:24803817

Synthesis and characterization of magnetite-maghemite nanoparticles obtained by the high-energy ball milling method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velásquez, A. A.; Marín, C. C.; Urquijo, J. P.

2018-03-01

We present the process of synthesis and characterization of magnetite-maghemite nanoparticles by the ball milling method. The particles were synthesized in a planetary ball mill equipped with vials and balls of tempered steel, employing dry and wet conditions. For dry milling, we employed microstructured analytical-grade hematite (α-Fe2O3), while for wet milling, we mixed hematite and deionized water. Milling products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The Mössbauer spectrum of the dry milling product was well fitted with two sextets of hematite, while the spectrum of the wet milling product was well fitted with three sextets of spinel phase. X-ray measurements confirmed the phases identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy in both milling conditions and a reduction in the crystallinity of the dry milling product. TEM measurements showed that the products of dry milling for 100 h and wet milling for 24 h consist of aggregates of nanoparticles distributed in size, with mean particle size of 10 and 15 nm, respectively. Magnetization measurements of the wet milling product showed little coercivity and a saturation magnetization around 69 emu g-1, characteristic of a nano-spinel system. Atomic absorption measurements showed that the chromium contamination in the wet milling product is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that found in the dry milling product for 24 h, indicating that the material of the milling bodies, liberated more widely in wet conditions, plays an important role in the conversion hematite-spinel phase.

Synthesis and investigation of novel cathode materials for sodium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawicki, Monica

Environmental pollution and eventual depletion of fossil fuels and lithium has increased the need for research towards alternative electrical energy storage systems. In this context, research in sodium ion batteries (NIBs) has become more prevalent since the price in lithium has increased due to its demand and reserve location. Sodium is an abundant resource that is low cost, and safe; plus its chemical properties are similar to that of Li which makes the transition into using Na chemistry for ion battery systems feasible. In this study, we report the effects of processing conditions on the electrochemical properties of Na-ion batteries made of the NaCrO2 cathode. NaCrO2 is synthesized via solid state reactions. The as-synthesized powder is then subjected to high-energy ball milling under different conditions which reduces particle size drastically and causes significant degradation of the specific capacity for NaCrO2. X-ray diffraction reveals that lattice distortion has taken place during high-energy ball milling and in turn affects the electrochemical performance of the cathode material. This study shows that a balance between reducing particle size and maintaining the layered structure is essential to obtain high specific capacity for the NaCrO2 cathode. In light of the requirements for grid scale energy storage: ultra-long cycle life (> 20,000 cycles and calendar life of 15 to 20 years), high round trip efficiency (> 90%), low cost, sufficient power capability, and safety; the need for a suitable cathode materials with excellent capacity retention such as Na2MnFe(CN)6 and K2MnFe(CN)6 will be investigated. Prussian blue (A[FeIIIFeII (CN)6]•xH2O, A=Na+ or K+ ) and its analogues have been investigated as an alkali ion host for use as a cathode material. Their structure (FCC) provides large ionic channels along the direction enabling facile insertion and extraction of alkali ions. This material is also capable of more than one Na ion insertion per unit formula which holds great promise in increasing the energy density of the NIB. The electrochemical performance of the cathode material will be analyzed using cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge/discharge investigation.

Growth and physiological response of four shortleaf pine families to herbicidal control of herbaceous competition

Treesearch

Jimmie L. Yeiser; James P. Barnett

1991-01-01

Four open-pollinated families of short-leaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings were planted near Peryville, AR, in February 1988. Three herbaceous weed control were tested for each family along with an untreated check. A single treatment of 3 oz. ai/ac of Oust was applied in April 1988 for spot, band, and total control of herbs. Total control was...

Associative list processing unit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hemmert, Karl Scott; Underwood, Keith D

2014-04-01

An associative list processing unit and method comprising employing a plurality of prioritized cell blocks and permitting inserts to occur in a single clock cycle if all of the cell blocks are not full.

76 FR 30397 - Faribault Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, MN; Faribo Woolens, Inc., a Related Company of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-25

... Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, MN; Faribo Woolens, Inc., a Related Company of Faribault Woolen Mill... December 9, 2009, applicable to workers of Faribault Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, Minnesota. The notice... Mill Company, a retail outlet store for the subject firm, Faribault Woolen Mill Company. Accordingly...

32. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: End of mill into which cane was fed between top and bottom roll. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Phylogenetic Conflict in Bears Identified by Automated Discovery of Transposable Element Insertions in Low-Coverage Genomes

PubMed Central

Gallus, Susanne; Janke, Axel

2017-01-01

Abstract Phylogenetic reconstruction from transposable elements (TEs) offers an additional perspective to study evolutionary processes. However, detecting phylogenetically informative TE insertions requires tedious experimental work, limiting the power of phylogenetic inference. Here, we analyzed the genomes of seven bear species using high-throughput sequencing data to detect thousands of TE insertions. The newly developed pipeline for TE detection called TeddyPi (TE detection and discovery for Phylogenetic Inference) identified 150,513 high-quality TE insertions in the genomes of ursine and tremarctine bears. By integrating different TE insertion callers and using a stringent filtering approach, the TeddyPi pipeline produced highly reliable TE insertion calls, which were confirmed by extensive in vitro validation experiments. Analysis of single nucleotide substitutions in the flanking regions of the TEs shows that these substitutions correlate with the phylogenetic signal from the TE insertions. Our phylogenomic analyses show that TEs are a major driver of genomic variation in bears and enabled phylogenetic reconstruction of a well-resolved species tree, despite strong signals for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. The analyses show that the Asiatic black, sun, and sloth bear form a monophyletic clade, in which phylogenetic incongruence originates from incomplete lineage sorting. TeddyPi is open source and can be adapted to various TE and structural variation callers. The pipeline makes it possible to confidently extract thousands of TE insertions even from low-coverage genomes (∼10×) of nonmodel organisms. This opens new possibilities for biologists to study phylogenies and evolutionary processes as well as rates and patterns of (retro-)transposition and structural variation. PMID:28985298

Easi-CRISPR: a robust method for one-step generation of mice carrying conditional and insertion alleles using long ssDNA donors and CRISPR ribonucleoproteins.

PubMed

Quadros, Rolen M; Miura, Hiromi; Harms, Donald W; Akatsuka, Hisako; Sato, Takehito; Aida, Tomomi; Redder, Ronald; Richardson, Guy P; Inagaki, Yutaka; Sakai, Daisuke; Buckley, Shannon M; Seshacharyulu, Parthasarathy; Batra, Surinder K; Behlke, Mark A; Zeiner, Sarah A; Jacobi, Ashley M; Izu, Yayoi; Thoreson, Wallace B; Urness, Lisa D; Mansour, Suzanne L; Ohtsuka, Masato; Gurumurthy, Channabasavaiah B

2017-05-17

Conditional knockout mice and transgenic mice expressing recombinases, reporters, and inducible transcriptional activators are key for many genetic studies and comprise over 90% of mouse models created. Conditional knockout mice are generated using labor-intensive methods of homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells and are available for only ~25% of all mouse genes. Transgenic mice generated by random genomic insertion approaches pose problems of unreliable expression, and thus there is a need for targeted-insertion models. Although CRISPR-based strategies were reported to create conditional and targeted-insertion alleles via one-step delivery of targeting components directly to zygotes, these strategies are quite inefficient. Here we describe Easi-CRISPR (Efficient additions with ssDNA inserts-CRISPR), a targeting strategy in which long single-stranded DNA donors are injected with pre-assembled crRNA + tracrRNA + Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (ctRNP) complexes into mouse zygotes. We show for over a dozen loci that Easi-CRISPR generates correctly targeted conditional and insertion alleles in 8.5-100% of the resulting live offspring. Easi-CRISPR solves the major problem of animal genome engineering, namely the inefficiency of targeted DNA cassette insertion. The approach is robust, succeeding for all tested loci. It is versatile, generating both conditional and targeted insertion alleles. Finally, it is highly efficient, as treating an average of only 50 zygotes is sufficient to produce a correctly targeted allele in up to 100% of live offspring. Thus, Easi-CRISPR offers a comprehensive means of building large-scale Cre-LoxP animal resources.

Effects of size and age on the survival and growth of pulp and paper mills

Treesearch

Xiaolei Li; Joseph Buongiorno; Peter J. Ince

2004-01-01

The growth of pulp and paper mills in the US from 1970 to 2000 depended mostly on size and age. Mills grew according to Gibrat’s law, and post-1970 mills grew faster than pre-1971 mills. Mills stopped growing at approximately 22 years of age. But most mills survived beyond that, thus growth was not necessary for survival, but characteristic of the early phase of the...

Attempted - to -Phase Conversion of Croconic Acid via Ball Milling

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-18

extended milling times may degrade the material. 15. SUBJECT TERMS ball milling, croconic acid, Hertzian stress , C5H2O5, extended solid 16. SECURITY...the motion of the Wig-L-Bug ball mill; from this motion it was possible to determine the velocity parameters needed for Hertzian stress ...Milling Pressures The high pressures achievable in this type of mill result from stresses that develop in the milled material as it is trapped between

1. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Historical view, 1934, from T.T. Waterman collection, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. Large rectangular piece lying in front of the mill is the top of the mill frame appearing in its proper place in 1928 views. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

Elevation, west portal. Sign on portal reads Watson Mill Bridge, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Elevation, west portal. Sign on portal reads Watson Mill Bridge, est. 1885. - Watson Mill Bridge, Spanning South Fork Broad River, Watson Mill Road, Watson Mill Bridge State Park, Comer, Madison County, GA

Monticello Mill Tailings Site Operable Unit III Annual Groundwater Report May 2014 Through April 2015, October 2015

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nguyen, Jason; Smith, Fred

This report provides the annual analysis of water quality restoration progress, cumulative through April 2015, for Operable Unit (OU) III, surface water and groundwater, of the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Legacy Management Monticello Mill Tailings Site (MMTS). The MMTS is a Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act National Priorities List site located in and near the city of Monticello, San Juan County, Utah. MMTS comprises the 110-acre site of a former uranium- and vanadium-ore-processing mill (mill site) and 1,700 acres of surrounding private and municipal property. Milling operations generated 2.5 million cubic yards of waste (tailings)more » from 1942 to 1960. The tailings were impounded at four locations on the mill site. Inorganic constituents in the tailings drained from the impoundments to contaminate local surface water (Montezuma Creek) and groundwater in the underlying alluvial aquifer. Mill tailings dispersed by wind and water also contaminated properties surrounding and downstream of the mill site. Remedial actions to remove and isolate radiologically contaminated soil, sediment, and debris from the former mill site (OU I) and surrounding properties (OU II) were completed in 1999 with the encapsulation of the wastes in an engineered repository located on DOE property 1 mile south of the former mill site. Contamination of groundwater and surface water remains within OU III at levels that exceed water quality protection standards. Uranium is the primary contaminant of concern. LM implemented monitored natural attenuation with institutional controls as the OU III remedy in 2004. Because groundwater restoration proceeded more slowly than expected and did not meet performance criteria established in the OU III Record of Decision (June 2004), LM implemented a contingency action in 2009 by an Explanation of Significant Difference to include a pump-and-treat system using a single extraction well and treatment by zero-valent iron (ex-situ treatment system). The contingency action was optimized in 2015 with the installation of 8 extraction wells and 16 monitoring wells in a focused area of the aquifer (area of attainment). Contaminated water is treated by solar evaporation at an existing onsite LM facility. Environmental monitoring at OU III consists of twice-yearly (April and October) collection and analysis of hydrologic and water-quality data from an established network of observation wells, seeps, and surface water locations. The scope of monitoring was expanded in 2009 for the ex situ treatment system and in 2015 for the remedy optimization system. Operation and monitoring of the ex situ treatment system was discontinued in 2014 with the start-up of the remedy optimization system. No data anomalies for OU III water quality trending or restoration progress are identified for the May 2014 through April 2015 reporting period. Although some regions of the aquifer demonstrate decreasing concentration trends, such trending is not evident for the bulk of the aquifer and a prolonged restoration period is indicated. The groundwater contingency remedy optimization system captures significant contaminant mass (primarily uranium) from the area of attainment; however, because that system only became operational in 2015, a long-term forecast of restoration progress is premature.« less

Do dual-thread orthodontic mini-implants improve bone/tissue mechanical retention?

PubMed

Lin, Yang-Sung; Chang, Yau-Zen; Yu, Jian-Hong; Lin, Chun-Li

2014-12-01

The aim of this study was to understand whether the pitch relationship between micro and macro thread designs with a parametrical relationship in a dual-thread mini-implant can improve primary stability. Three types of mini-implants consisting of single-thread (ST) (0.75 mm pitch in whole length), dual-thread A (DTA) with double-start 0.375 mm pitch, and dual-thread B (DTB) with single-start 0.2 mm pitch in upper 2-mm micro thread region for performing insertion and pull-out testing. Histomorphometric analysis was performed in these specimens in evaluating peri-implant bone defects using a non-contact vision measuring system. The maximum inserted torque (Tmax) in type DTA was found to be the smallest significantly, but corresponding values found no significant difference between ST and DTB. The largest pull-out strength (Fmax) in the DTA mini-implant was found significantly greater than that for the ST mini-implant regardless of implant insertion orientation. Mini-implant engaged the cortical bone well as observed in ST and DTA types. Dual-thread mini-implant with correct micro thread pitch (parametrical relationship with macro thread pitch) in the cortical bone region can improve primary stability and enhanced mechanical retention.

Labeling viral envelope lipids with quantum dots by harnessing the biotinylated lipid-self-inserted cellular membrane.

PubMed

Lv, Cheng; Lin, Yi; Liu, An-An; Hong, Zheng-Yuan; Wen, Li; Zhang, Zhenfeng; Zhang, Zhi-Ling; Wang, Hanzhong; Pang, Dai-Wen

2016-11-01

Highly efficient labeling of viruses with quantum dots (QDs) is the prerequisite for the long-term tracking of virus invasion at the single virus level to reveal mechanisms of virus infection. As one of the structural components of viruses, viral envelope lipids are hard to be labeled with QDs due to the lack of efficient methods to modify viral envelope lipids. Moreover, it is still a challenge to maintain the intactness and infectivity of labeled viruses. Herein, a mild method has been developed to label viral envelope lipids with QDs by harnessing the biotinylated lipid-self-inserted cellular membrane. Biotinylated lipids can spontaneously insert in cellular membranes of host cells during culture and then be naturally assembled on progeny Pseudorabies virus (PrV) via propagation. The biotinylated PrV can be labeled with streptavidin-conjugated QDs, with a labeling efficiency of ∼90%. Such a strategy to label lipids with QDs can retain the intactness and infectivity of labeled viruses to the largest extent, facilitating the study of mechanisms of virus infection at the single virus level. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Impact of Mutation Type and Amplicon Characteristics on Genetic Diversity Measures Generated Using a High-Resolution Melting Diversity Assay

PubMed Central

Cousins, Matthew M.; Donnell, Deborah; Eshleman, Susan H.

2013-01-01

We adapted high-resolution melting (HRM) technology to measure genetic diversity without sequencing. Diversity is measured as a single numeric HRM score. Herein, we determined the impact of mutation types and amplicon characteristics on HRM diversity scores. Plasmids were generated with single-base changes, insertions, and deletions. Different primer sets were used to vary the position of mutations within amplicons. Plasmids and plasmid mixtures were analyzed to determine the impact of mutation type, position, and concentration on HRM scores. The impact of amplicon length and G/C content on HRM scores was also evaluated. Different mutation types affected HRM scores to varying degrees (1-bp deletion < 1-bp change < 3-bp insertion < 9-bp insertion). The impact of mutations on HRM scores was influenced by amplicon length and the position of the mutation within the amplicon. Mutations were detected at concentrations of 5% to 95%, with the greatest impact at 50%. The G/C content altered melting temperature values of amplicons but had no impact on HRM scores. These data are relevant to the design of assays that measure genetic diversity using HRM technology. PMID:23178437

77 FR 43369 - Alumax Mill Products, Inc. Doing Business as Alcoa Mill Products Texarkana a Subsidiary of Alcoa...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-24

.... Doing Business as Alcoa Mill Products Texarkana a Subsidiary of Alcoa, Inc. Nash, TX; Amended... Mill Products Texarkana, a subsidiary of Alcoa, Inc., Nash, Texas, was separated is Alumax Mill... Alcoa Mill Products Texarkana, a subsidiary of Alcoa, Inc., Nash, Texas, who became totally or partially...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ayala, Alicia; Corral, Erica L.; Loehman, Ronald E.

A tape casting procedure for fabricating ceramic magnesium oxide tapes has been developed as a method to produce flat sheets of sintered MgO that are thin and porous. Thickness of single layer tapes is in the range of 200-400 {micro}m with corresponding surface roughness values in the range of 10-20 {micro}m as measured by laser profilometry. Development of the tape casting technique required optimization of pretreatment for the starting magnesium oxide (MgO) powder as well as a detailed study of the casting slurry preparation and subsequent heat treatments for sintering and final tape flattening. Milling time of the ceramic powder,more » plasticizer, and binder mixture was identified as a primary factor affecting surface morphology of the tapes. In general, longer milling times resulted in green tapes with a noticeably smoother surface. This work demonstrates that meticulous control of the entire tape casting operation is necessary to obtain high-quality MgO tapes.« less

Latex improvement of recycled asphalt pavement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drennon, C.

1982-08-01

The performance of a single unmodified milled recycled asphalt concrete was compared to milled asphalt concrete modified by addition of three types of rubber latex. Latex was added at 2, 3, 5, and 8 percent latex by weight of asphalt in the asphalt concrete. Lattices used were a styrene butadiene (SBR), a natural rubber (NR), an acrylonitrile butadiene (NBR), and four varieties of out of specification SBR lattices. Marshall tests, while indecisive, showed a modest improvement in properties of SBR and NR added material at 3 and 5 percent latex. Addition of NBR latex caused deterioration in Marshall stability and flow over that of control. Repeated load tests were run using the indirect tensile test, analyzed by the VESYS program, which computes life of pavements. Repeated load tests showed improvement in asphalt concrete life when 3 and 5 percent SBR was added. Improvement was also shown by the out of specification SBR.

The Rocket Electric Field Sounding (REFS) program: Prototype design and successful first launch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willett, J. C.; Curtis, D. C.; Driesman, A. R.; Longstreth, R. K.; Rison, W.; Winn, W. P.; Jones, J. J.

1992-01-01

The motivation, design, and successful first flight of a sounding rocket to measure profiles of vector electrostatic field in the lower troposphere are described. The design employs eight shutter field mills amd a corona-charging system in a manner similar to aircraft previously instrumented for the measurement of electric fields. A rocket offers significant advantages over an aircraft in simplicity and calibration. A single cylindrical rotor covering most of the payload acts as the shutter for all eight mills in this design. The cylindrical symmetry and circular cross sections of the vehicle facilitate straightforward calibration. Also included in the payload are a pressure sensor, a longitudinal accelerometer, a transverse magnometer, and a novel cloud-penetration detector. A fair-weather test flight at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility demonstrated the workability of the basic design and identified a few necessary modifications.

Titanium removable denture based on a one-metal rehabilitation concept.

PubMed

Ohkubo, Chikahiro; Sato, Yohei; Nishiyama, Yuichiro; Suzuki, Yasunori

2017-09-26

The use of a single metal for all restorations would be necessary because it protects against metal corrosion caused by the contact of different metals. For this "one-metal rehabilitation" concept, non-alloyed commercially pure (CP) titanium should be used for all restorations. Titanium frameworks have been cast and used for the long term without catastrophic failure, whereas they have been fabricated recently using computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM). However, the milling process for the frameworks of removable partial dentures (RPDs) is not easy because they have very complicated shapes and consist of many components. Currently, the fabrication of RPD frameworks has been challenged by one-process molding using repeated laser sintering and high-speed milling. Laser welding has also been used typically for repairing and rebuilding titanium frameworks. Although laboratory and clinical problems still remain, the one-metal rehabilitation concept using CP titanium as a bioinert metal can be recommended for all restorations.

Parallel software for lattice N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schaich, David; DeGrand, Thomas

2015-05-01

We present new parallel software, SUSY LATTICE, for lattice studies of four-dimensional N = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory with gauge group SU(N). The lattice action is constructed to exactly preserve a single supersymmetry charge at non-zero lattice spacing, up to additional potential terms included to stabilize numerical simulations. The software evolved from the MILC code for lattice QCD, and retains a similar large-scale framework despite the different target theory. Many routines are adapted from an existing serial code (Catterall and Joseph, 2012), which SUSY LATTICE supersedes. This paper provides an overview of the new parallel software, summarizing the lattice system, describing the applications that are currently provided and explaining their basic workflow for non-experts in lattice gauge theory. We discuss the parallel performance of the code, and highlight some notable aspects of the documentation for those interested in contributing to its future development.

Fabrication of superconducting nanowires from ultrathin MgB2 films via focused ion beam milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chen; Wang, Da; Liu, Zheng-Hao; Zhang, Yan; Ma, Ping; Feng, Qing-Rong; Wang, Yue; Gan, Zi-Zhao

2015-02-01

High quality superconducting nanowires were fabricated from ultrathin MgB2 films by a focused ion beam milling technique. The precursor MgB2 films in 10 nm thick were grown on MgO substrates by using a hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition method. The nanowires, in widths of about 300-600 nm and lengths of 1 or 10 μm, showed high superconducting critical temperatures (Tc's) above 34 K and narrow superconducting transition widths (ΔTc's) of 1-3 K. The superconducting critical current density Jc of the nanowires was above 5 × 107 A/cm2 at 20 K. The high Tc, narrow ΔTc, and high Jc of the nanowires offered the possibility of making MgB2-based nano-devices such as hot-electron bolometers and superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors with high operating temperatures at 15-20 K.

Microwave Absorption Properties of Iron Nanoparticles Prepared by Ball-Milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Xuan T. A.; Ta, Bach N.; Ngo, Le T. H.; Do, Manh H.; Nguyen, Phuc X.; Nam, Dao N. H.

2016-05-01

A nanopowder of iron was prepared using a high-energy ball milling method, which is capable of producing nanoparticles at a reasonably larger scale compared to conventional chemical methods. Analyses using x-ray diffraction and magnetic measurements indicate that the iron nanoparticles are a single phase of a body-centered cubic structure and have quite stable magnetic characteristics in the air. The iron nanoparticles were then mixed with paraffin and pressed into flat square plates for free-space microwave transmission and reflection measurements in the 4-8 GHz range. Without an Al backing plate, the Fe nanoparticles seem to only weakly absorb microwave radiation. The reflected signal S 11 drops to zero and a very large negative value of reflection loss ( RL) are observed for Al-backed samples, suggesting the existence of a phase matching resonance near frequency f ˜ 6 GHz.

Energy transfer and kinetics in mechanochemistry.

PubMed

Chen, Zhiliang; Lu, Shengyong; Mao, Qiongjing; Buekens, Alfons; Wang, Yuting; Yan, Jianhua

2017-11-01

Mechanochemistry (MC) exerts extraordinary degradation and decomposition effects on many chlorinated, brominated, and even fluorinated persistent organic pollutants (POPs). However, its application is still limited by inadequate study of its reaction kinetic aspects. In the present work, the ball motion and energy transfer in planetary ball mill are investigated in some detail. Almost all milling parameters are summarised in a single factor-total effective impact energy. Furthermore, the MC kinetic between calcium oxide/Al and hexachlorobenzene is well established and modelled. The results indicate that total effective impact energy and reagent ratio are the two factors sufficient for describing the MC degradation degree of POPs. The reaction rate constant only depends on the chemical properties of reactants, so it could be used as an important index to appraise the quality of MC additives. This model successfully predicts the reaction rate for different operating conditions, indicating that it could be suitably applied for conducting MC reactions in other reactors.

Multiple Instantons Representing Higher-Order Chern-Pontryagin Classes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spruck, Joel; Tchrakian, D. H.; Yang, Yisong

It has been shown in the work of Chakrabarti, Sherry and Tchrakian that the chiral SO+/-(4 p) Yang-Mills theory in the Euclidean 4 p (p>= 2) dimensions allows an axially symmetric self-dual system of equations similar to Witten's instanton equations in the classical 4-dimensional SU(2) SO+/-(4) theory and the solutions represent a new class of instantons. However the rigorous existence of these higher-dimensional instanton solutions has remained open except for the solution of unit charge representing a single instanton. In this paper we establish an existence and uniqueness theorem for multi-instantons of arbitrary charges in the case p>= 2. These solutions are the first known instantons, with the Chern-Pontryagin index greater than one, of the Yang-Mills model in higher dimensions. Our approach is a study of a nonlinear variational equation defined on the Poincaré half plane.

Inelastic neutron scattering study of phonon density of states in nanostructured Si1 xGex thermoelectrics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dhital, Chetan; Abernathy, Douglas L; Zhu, Gaohua

2012-01-01

Inelastic neutron scattering measurements are utilized to explore relative changes in the generalized phonon density of states of nanocrystalline Si1 xGex thermoelectric materials prepared via ball-milling and hot-pressing techniques. Dynamic signatures of Ge clustering can be inferred from the data by referencing the resulting spectra to a density functional theoretical model assuming homogeneous alloying via the virtual-crystal approximation. Comparisons are also presented between as-milled Si nanopowder and bulk, polycrystalline Si where a preferential low-energy enhancement and lifetime broadening of the phonon density of states appear in the nanopowder. Negligible differences are however observed between the phonon spectra of bulk Simore » andhot-pressed, nanostructured Si samples suggesting that changes to the single-phonon dynamics above 4 meV play only a secondary role in the modified heat conduction of this compound.« less

Arrays of Molecular Rotors with Triptycene Stoppers: Surface Inclusion in Hexagonal Tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene.

PubMed

Kaleta, Jiří; Dron, Paul I; Zhao, Ke; Shen, Yongqiang; Císařová, Ivana; Rogers, Charles T; Michl, Josef

2015-06-19

A new generation of rod-shaped dipolar molecular rotors designed for controlled insertion into channel arrays in the surface of hexagonal tris(o-phenylenedioxy)cyclotriphosphazene (TPP) has been designed and synthesized. Triptycene is used as a stopper intended to prevent complete insertion, forcing the formation of a surface inclusion. Two widely separated (13)C NMR markers are present in the shaft for monitoring the degree of insertion. The structure of the two-dimensional rotor arrays contained in these surface inclusions was examined by solid-state NMR and X-ray powder diffraction. The NMR markers and the triptycene stopper functioned as designed, but half of the guest molecules were not inserted as deeply into the TPP channels as the other half. As a result, the dipolar rotators were distributed equally in two planes parallel to the crystal surface instead of being located in a single plane as would be required for ferroelectricity. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed rotational barriers of ∼4 kcal/mol but no ferroelectric behavior.

Cross sectional survey of ultrasound use for central venous catheter insertion among resident physicians.

PubMed

Nomura, Jason T; Sierzenski, Paul R; Nace, Jason E; Bollinger, Melissa

2008-07-01

Use of ultrasound guidance for Central Venous Catheter insertion has been associated with decreased complications and increased success rates. Previous reports show low rates of use among physicians. Evaluation of the frequency of Ultrasound Guidance use for Central Venous Catheter insertion among residents at a teaching institution. A cross sectional electronic survey of resident physicians at a tertiary care teaching hospital was conducted to evaluate use of Ultrasound Guidance for Central Venous Catheterization. Assessment included self reported frequency of ultrasound guidance use, and volume of central venous catheter placement. Attitudes toward the use of ultrasound were assessed using Likert scales. There is a high rate. over 90%, of ultrasound guidance use for Internal Jugular central venous catheters among residents. The majority of residents use sterile real-time imaging with a single operator with a reported success rate greater then 80%. Resident use of ultrasound guidance for Internal Jugular central venous catheter insertion can be much higher than previously reported in the literature.

Rotifer rDNA-specific R9 retrotransposable elements generate an exceptionally long target site duplication upon insertion.

PubMed

Gladyshev, Eugene A; Arkhipova, Irina R

2009-12-15

Ribosomal DNA genes in many eukaryotes contain insertions of non-LTR retrotransposable elements belonging to the R2 clade. These elements persist in the host genomes by inserting site-specifically into multicopy target sites, thereby avoiding random disruption of single-copy host genes. Here we describe R9 retrotransposons from the R2 clade in the 28S RNA genes of bdelloid rotifers, small freshwater invertebrate animals best known for their long-term asexuality and for their ability to survive repeated cycles of desiccation and rehydration. While the structural organization of R9 elements is highly similar to that of other members of the R2 clade, they are characterized by two distinct features: site-specific insertion into a previously unreported target sequence within the 28S gene, and an unusually long target site duplication of 126 bp. We discuss the implications of these findings in the context of bdelloid genome organization and the mechanisms of target-primed reverse transcription.

Spin Hall driven domain wall motion in magnetic bilayers coupled by a magnetic oxide interlayer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yang; Furuta, Masaki; Zhu, Jian-Gang Jimmy

2018-05-01

mCell, previously proposed by our group, is a four-terminal magnetoresistive device with isolated write- and read-paths for all-spin logic and memory applications. A mCell requires an electric-insulating magnetic layer to couple the spin Hall driven write-path to the magnetic free layer of the read-path. Both paths are magnetic layers with perpendicular anisotropy and their perpendicularly oriented magnetization needs to be maintained with this insertion layer. We have developed a magnetic oxide (FeOx) insertion layer to serve for these purposes. We show that the FeOx insertion layer provides sufficient magnetic coupling between adjacent perpendicular magnetic layers. Resistance measurement shows that this magnetic oxide layer can act as an electric-insulating layer. In addition, spin Hall driven domain wall motion in magnetic bi-layers coupled by the FeOx insertion layer is significantly enhanced compared to that in magnetic single layer; it also requires low voltage threshold that poses possibility for power-efficient device applications.

Highly Compact Circulators in Square-Lattice Photonic Crystal Waveguides

PubMed Central

Jin, Xin; Ouyang, Zhengbiao; Wang, Qiong; Lin, Mi; Wen, Guohua; Wang, Jingjing

2014-01-01

We propose, demonstrate and investigate highly compact circulators with ultra-low insertion loss in square-lattice- square-rod-photonic-crystal waveguides. Only a single magneto- optical square rod is required to be inserted into the cross center of waveguides, making the structure very compact and ultra efficient. The square rods around the center defect rod are replaced by several right-angled-triangle rods, reducing the insertion loss further and promoting the isolations as well. By choosing a linear-dispersion region and considering the mode patterns in the square magneto-optical rod, the operating mechanism of the circulator is analyzed. By applying the finite-element method together with the Nelder-Mead optimization method, an extremely low insertion loss of 0.02 dB for the transmitted wave and ultra high isolation of 46 dB∼48 dB for the isolated port are obtained. The idea presented can be applied to build circulators in different wavebands, e.g., microwave or Tera-Hertz. PMID:25415417

Highly compact circulators in square-lattice photonic crystal waveguides.

PubMed

Jin, Xin; Ouyang, Zhengbiao; Wang, Qiong; Lin, Mi; Wen, Guohua; Wang, Jingjing

2014-01-01

We propose, demonstrate and investigate highly compact circulators with ultra-low insertion loss in square-lattice- square-rod-photonic-crystal waveguides. Only a single magneto- optical square rod is required to be inserted into the cross center of waveguides, making the structure very compact and ultra efficient. The square rods around the center defect rod are replaced by several right-angled-triangle rods, reducing the insertion loss further and promoting the isolations as well. By choosing a linear-dispersion region and considering the mode patterns in the square magneto-optical rod, the operating mechanism of the circulator is analyzed. By applying the finite-element method together with the Nelder-Mead optimization method, an extremely low insertion loss of 0.02 dB for the transmitted wave and ultra high isolation of 46 dB∼48 dB for the isolated port are obtained. The idea presented can be applied to build circulators in different wavebands, e.g., microwave or Tera-Hertz.

Single nanopore transport of synthetic and biological polyelectrolytes in three-dimensional hybrid microfluidic/nanofluidic devices

DOE PAGES

King, Travis L.; Gatimu, Enid N.; Bohn, Paul W.

2009-01-02

This paper presents a study of electrokinetic transport in single nanopores integrated into vertically-stacked three-dimensional hybrid microfluidic/nanofluidic structures. In these devices single nanopores, created by focused ion beam (FIB) milling in thin polymer films, provide fluidic connection between two vertically separated, perpendicular microfluidic channels. Experiments address both systems in which the nanoporous membrane is composed of the same (homojunction) or different (heterojunction) polymer as the microfluidic channels. These devices are then used to study the electrokinetic transport properties of synthetic (i.e., polystyrene sulfonate and polyallylamine) and biological (i.e.,DNA) polyelectrolytes across these nanopores. Single nanopore transport of polyelectrolytes across these nanoporesmore » using both electrical current measurements and confocal microscopy. Both optical and electrical measurements indicate that electroosmotic transport is predominant over electrophoresis in single nanopores with d > 180 nm, consistent with results obtained under similar conditions for nanocapillary array membranes.« less

Precision grid and hand motion for accurate needle insertion in brachytherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGill, Carl S.; Schwartz, Jonathon A.; Moore, Jason Z.

2011-08-15

Purpose: In prostate brachytherapy, a grid is used to guide a needle tip toward a preplanned location within the tissue. During insertion, the needle deflects en route resulting in target misplacement. In this paper, 18-gauge needle insertion experiments into phantom were performed to test effects of three parameters, which include the clearance between the grid hole and needle, the thickness of the grid, and the needle insertion speed. Measurement apparatus that consisted of two datum surfaces and digital depth gauge was developed to quantify needle deflections. Methods: The gauge repeatability and reproducibility (GR and R) test was performed on themore » measurement apparatus, and it proved to be capable of measuring a 2 mm tolerance from the target. Replicated experiments were performed on a 2{sup 3} factorial design (three parameters at two levels) and analysis included averages and standard deviation along with an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to find significant single and two-way interaction factors. Results: Results showed that grid with tight clearance hole and slow needle speed increased precision and accuracy of needle insertion. The tight grid was vital to enhance precision and accuracy of needle insertion for both slow and fast insertion speed; additionally, at slow speed the tight, thick grid improved needle precision and accuracy. Conclusions: In summary, the tight grid is important, regardless of speed. The grid design, which shows the capability to reduce the needle deflection in brachytherapy procedures, can potentially be implemented in the brachytherapy procedure.« less

Reproductive performance of ewes after 5-day treatment with intravaginal inserts containing progesterone in combination with injection of prostaglandin f2alpha.

PubMed

Dixon, A B; Knights, M; Pate, J L; Lewis, P E; Inskeep, E K

2006-04-01

Three experiments were conducted with a total of 1579 ewes to examine reproductive performance in response to synchronization of oestrus during the breeding season, using controlled internal drug releasing (CIDR-G) inserts in regimens designed to provide high concentrations of circulating progesterone. In experiment 1, treatment with two CIDR-G inserts for 12 days produced conception rate (79%) and prolificacy (1.9) to first service equivalent to breeding at natural oestrus (56% and 2.0, respectively). Pregnancy rates to two service periods were 90 and 79%, respectively. In experiments 2 and 3, progesterone was delivered by a single CIDR-G insert for 5 days in combination with prostaglandin F2alpha (PGF2alpha; 5 mg i.m., twice, 3 h apart) the day before (experiment 2), or at insert removal (experiment 3). The combined treatments improved rates of synchronization of oestrus (p<0.01) by 23 and 20% points, respectively, and pregnancy rates to the first service period by 19 (p<0.05) and 13 (p<0.01) percentage points, respectively, compared to treatment with PGF2alpha alone. It is concluded that the combination of treatment for 5 days with a CIDR-G insert and two injections of 5 mg PGF2alpha, the day before, or the day of insert removal, were effective treatments to obtain high fertility at synchronized oestrus in ewes during the breeding season.

The Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway Limits L1 Retrotransposition

PubMed Central

Servant, Geraldine; Streva, Vincent A.; Derbes, Rebecca S.; Wijetunge, Madushani I.; Neeland, Marc; White, Travis B.; Belancio, Victoria P.; Roy-Engel, Astrid M.; Deininger, Prescott L.

2017-01-01

Long interspersed elements 1 (L1) are active mobile elements that constitute almost 17% of the human genome. They amplify through a “copy-and-paste” mechanism termed retrotransposition, and de novo insertions related to these elements have been reported to cause 0.2% of genetic diseases. Our previous data demonstrated that the endonuclease complex ERCC1-XPF, which cleaves a 3′ DNA flap structure, limits L1 retrotransposition. Although the ERCC1-XPF endonuclease participates in several different DNA repair pathways, such as single-strand annealing, or in telomere maintenance, its recruitment to DNA lesions is best characterized in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway. To determine if the NER pathway prevents the insertion of retroelements in the genome, we monitored the retrotransposition efficiencies of engineered L1 elements in NER-deficient cells and in their complemented versions. Core proteins of the NER pathway, XPD and XPA, and the lesion binding protein, XPC, are involved in limiting L1 retrotransposition. In addition, sequence analysis of recovered de novo L1 inserts and their genomic locations in NER-deficient cells demonstrated the presence of abnormally large duplications at the site of insertion, suggesting that NER proteins may also play a role in the normal L1 insertion process. Here, we propose new functions for the NER pathway in the maintenance of genome integrity: limitation of insertional mutations caused by retrotransposons and the prevention of potentially mutagenic large genomic duplications at the site of retrotransposon insertion events. PMID:28049704

4. APPROACH OF CARRS MILL ROAD TO THE SOUTH PORTAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. APPROACH OF CARRS MILL ROAD TO THE SOUTH PORTAL OF THE MITCHELLS MILL BRIDGE; VIEW TO NORTH. - Mitchell's Mill Bridge, Spanning Winter's Run on Carrs Mill Road, west of Bel Air, Bel Air, Harford County, MD

7. VIEW TO EAST, MILL WAREHOUSE, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW TO EAST, MILL WAREHOUSE, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, AND MECHANIC SHED. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO

Revitalizing America's Mills: A Report on Brownfields Mill Projects

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This report focuses on mills -- former textile, wood, paper, iron, and steel mills. The report describes the challenges and opportunities of mill sites with case studies highlighting some of the most creative solutions from across the country.

76 FR 52011 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Forest Service Lands, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-19

... Lands, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan... acres, more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

77 FR 54607 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Dafter Parcel, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-05

... an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan AGENCY..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

76 FR 2409 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Golf Course Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

... Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

76 FR 9593 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Reykers Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-18

..., as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

3. Interior of the attic of Mill No. 1, looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Interior of the attic of Mill No. 1, looking west. Unlike Mill No. 2 or the Sugar River Grist Mill, there were no iron tension members in this roof truss design. The structural framing members and the roof sheathing have been encased in finish millwork. - Monadnock Mills, Mill No. 1, 13-17 Water Street, Claremont, Sullivan County, NH

34. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Side view of mill. Vertical drive shaft lying on ground in foreground. When drive-shaft was in upright position its bevel gear was meshed with the bevel gear of the top roll, transmitting the animals'circular motion around the drive shaft to the horizontal rolls. The foundation is of portland cement. The heavy timber mill bed, between the mill and the portland cement foundation has rolled away. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

SU-E-T-64: A Programmable Moving Insert for the ArcCHECK Phantom for Dose Verification of Respiratory-Gated VMAT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gaede, S; Jordan, K; Western University, London, ON

Purpose: To present a customized programmable moving insert for the ArcCHECK™ phantom that can, in a single delivery, check both entrance dosimetry, while simultaneously verifying the delivery of respiratory-gated VMAT. Methods: The cylindrical motion phantom uses a computer-controlled stepping motor to move an insert inside a stationery sleeve. Insert motion is programmable and can include rotational motion in addition to linear motion along the axis of the cylinder. The sleeve fits securely in the bore of the ArcCHECK™. Interchangeable inserts, including an A1SL chamber, optically-stimulated luminescence dosimeters, radiochromic film, or 3D gels, allow this combination to be used for commissioning,more » routine quality assurance, and patient-specific dosimetric verification of respiratory-gated VMAT. Before clinical implementation, the effect of a moving insert on the ArcCHECK™ measurements was considered. First, the measured dose to the ArcCHECK™ containing multiple inserts in the static position was compared to the calculated dose during multiple VMAT treatment deliveries. Then, dose was measured under both sinusoidal and real-patient motion conditions to determine any effect of the moving inserts on the ArcCHECK™ measurements. Finally, dose was measured during gated VMAT delivery to the same inserts under the same motion conditions to examine any effect of various beam “on-and-off” and dose rate ramp “up-and-down”. Multiple comparisons between measured and calculated dose to different inserts were also considered. Results: The pass rate for the static delivery exceeded 98% for all measurements (3%/3mm), suggesting a valid setup for entrance dosimetry. The pass rate was not altered for any measurement delivered under motion conditions. A similar Result was observed under gated VMAT conditions, including agreement of measured and calculated dose to the various inserts. Conclusion: Incorporating a programmable moving insert within the ArcCHECK™ phantom provides an efficient verification of respiratory-gated VMAT delivery that is useful during commissioning, routine quality assurance, and patient-specific dose verification. Prototype phantom development and testing was performed in collaboration with Modus Medical Devices Inc. (London, ON). No financial support was granted.« less

Peripherally inserted central catheter - dressing change

MedlinePlus

... chlorhexidine) in a single-use small applicator Special sponges or wipes that contain a cleaning agent, such ... Clean your skin around the site with the sponge and cleaning solution for 30 seconds. Let the ...

High Isolation Single-Pole Four-Throw RF MEMS Switch Based on Series-Shunt Configuration

PubMed Central

Khaira, Navjot

2014-01-01

This paper presents a novel design of single-pole four-throw (SP4T) RF-MEMS switch employing both capacitive and ohmic switches. It is designed on high-resistivity silicon substrate and has a compact area of 1.06 mm2. The series or ohmic switches have been designed to provide low insertion loss with good ohmic contact. The pull-in voltage for ohmic switches is calculated to be 7.19 V. Shunt or capacitive switches have been used in each port to improve the isolation for higher frequencies. The proposed SP4T switch provides excellent RF performances with isolation better than 70.64 dB and insertion loss less than 0.72 dB for X-band between the input port and each output port. PMID:24711730

Crispr-mediated Gene Targeting of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells.

PubMed

Byrne, Susan M; Church, George M

2015-01-01

CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease systems can create double-stranded DNA breaks at specific sequences to efficiently and precisely disrupt, excise, mutate, insert, or replace genes. However, human embryonic stem or induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are more difficult to transfect and less resilient to DNA damage than immortalized tumor cell lines. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for genome engineering of human iPSCs using a simple transient transfection of plasmids and/or single-stranded oligonucleotides. With this protocol, we achieve transfection efficiencies greater than 60%, with gene disruption efficiencies from 1-25% and gene insertion/replacement efficiencies from 0.5-10% without any further selection or enrichment steps. We also describe how to design and assess optimal sgRNA target sites and donor targeting vectors; cloning individual iPSC by single cell FACS sorting, and genotyping successfully edited cells.

Button fixation technique for Achilles tendon reinsertion: a biomechanical study.

PubMed

Awogni, David; Chauvette, Guillaume; Lemieux, Marie-Line; Balg, Frédéric; Langelier, Ève; Allard, Jean-Pascal

2014-01-01

Chronic insertional tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon is a frequent and disabling pathologic entity. Operative treatment is indicated for patients for whom nonoperative management has failed. The treatment can consist of the complete detachment of the tendon insertion and extensive debridement. We biomechanically tested a new operative technique that uses buttons for fixation of the Achilles tendon insertion on the posterior calcaneal tuberosity and compared it with 2 standard bone anchor techniques. A total of 40 fresh-frozen cadaver specimens were used to compare 3 fixation techniques for reinserting the Achilles tendon: single row anchors, double row anchors, and buttons. The ultimate loads and failure mechanisms were recorded. The button assembly (median load 764 N, range 713 to 888) yielded a median fixation strength equal to 202% (range 137% to 251%) of that obtained with the double row anchors (median load 412 N, range 301 to 571) and 255% (range 213% to 317%) of that obtained with the single row anchors (median load 338 N, range 241 to 433N). The most common failure mechanisms were suture breakage with the buttons (55%) and pull out of the implant with the double row (70%) and single row (85%) anchors. The results of the present biomechanical cadaver study have shown that Achilles tendon reinsertion fixation using the button technique provides superior pull out strength than the bone anchors tested. Copyright © 2014 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Long-Term Outcomes of Single-Port Laparoscopic Placement of Peritoneal Dialysis Catheter.

PubMed

Pan, Alan; Poi, Mun J; Matos, Jesus; Jiang, Jenny S; Kfoury, Elias; Echeverria, Angela; Bechara, Carlos F; Lin, Peter H

2016-07-01

Laparoscopic insertion of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter has become a preferred method compared to the traditional open technique for PD catheter insertion. We retrospectively report the outcome of 1-port laparoscopic placement PD catheters in our institution. A total of 263 patients with end-stage renal disease who underwent single-trocar laparoscopic PD catheter insertion during a recent 6-year period were reviewed. Laparoscopic technique involves introducing a PD catheter over a stiff guidewire into the abdominal cavity through a 10-mm laparoscopic port. Pertinent clinical variables, procedural complications, and follow-up outcome were analyzed. There were 182 men and 81 women. The mean age was 56 years. Technical success was 95.8%. Catheter occlusion was the most common early complications (<6 months) that occurred in 4 (1.5%) patients. Late complications (> 6 months) including catheter occlusion, cuff extrusion, catheter leakage, catheter migration, infection, and hernia occurred in 5 patients (1.9%), 2 patients (0.8%), 3 patients (1.1%), 3 patients (1.1%), 6 patients (2.3%), and 4 patients (1.5), respectively. Mean follow-up time was 39 ± 18 months. Catheter survival rate at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years was 96%, 94%, 90%, 85%, and 82%, respectively. Laparoscopic PD catheter implantation via a single-trocar utilizing a stiff guidewire technique is feasible and safe. This method can result in low complication and high catheter survival rate. © The Author(s) 2016.

Modeling the Insertion Mechanics of Flexible Neural Probes Coated with Sacrificial Polymers for Optimizing Probe Design

PubMed Central

Singh, Sagar; Lo, Meng-Chen; Damodaran, Vinod B.; Kaplan, Hilton M.; Kohn, Joachim; Zahn, Jeffrey D.; Shreiber, David I.

2016-01-01

Single-unit recording neural probes have significant advantages towards improving signal-to-noise ratio and specificity for signal acquisition in brain-to-computer interface devices. Long-term effectiveness is unfortunately limited by the chronic injury response, which has been linked to the mechanical mismatch between rigid probes and compliant brain tissue. Small, flexible microelectrodes may overcome this limitation, but insertion of these probes without buckling requires supporting elements such as a stiff coating with a biodegradable polymer. For these coated probes, there is a design trade-off between the potential for successful insertion into brain tissue and the degree of trauma generated by the insertion. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a finite element model (FEM) to simulate insertion of coated neural probes of varying dimensions and material properties into brain tissue. Simulations were performed to predict the buckling and insertion forces during insertion of coated probes into a tissue phantom with material properties of brain. The simulations were validated with parallel experimental studies where probes were inserted into agarose tissue phantom, ex vivo chick embryonic brain tissue, and ex vivo rat brain tissue. Experiments were performed with uncoated copper wire and both uncoated and coated SU-8 photoresist and Parylene C probes. Model predictions were found to strongly agree with experimental results (<10% error). The ratio of the predicted buckling force-to-predicted insertion force, where a value greater than one would ideally be expected to result in successful insertion, was plotted against the actual success rate from experiments. A sigmoidal relationship was observed, with a ratio of 1.35 corresponding to equal probability of insertion and failure, and a ratio of 3.5 corresponding to a 100% success rate. This ratio was dubbed the “safety factor”, as it indicated the degree to which the coating should be over-designed to ensure successful insertion. Probability color maps were generated to visually compare the influence of design parameters. Statistical metrics derived from the color maps and multi-variable regression analysis confirmed that coating thickness and probe length were the most important features in influencing insertion potential. The model also revealed the effects of manufacturing flaws on insertion potential. PMID:26959021

7 CFR 868.306 - Milling requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.306 Milling requirements. The degree of milling for milled rice; i.e., “hard... interpretive line samples for such rice. [67 FR 61250, Sept. 30, 2002] ...

7 CFR 868.306 - Milling requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.306 Milling requirements. The degree of milling for milled rice; i.e., “hard... interpretive line samples for such rice. [67 FR 61250, Sept. 30, 2002] ...

Flexible microwave PIN diodes and switches employing transferrable single-crystal Si nanomembranes on plastic substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Guoxuan; Yuan, Hao-Chih; Celler, George K.; Zhou, Weidong; Ma, Zhenqiang

2009-12-01

This paper reports the realization of flexible RF/microwave PIN diodes and switches using transferrable single-crystal Si nanomembranes (SiNM) that are monolithically integrated on low-cost, flexible plastic substrates. High frequency response is obtained through the realization of low parasitic resistance achieved with heavy ion implantation before nanomembrane release and transfer. The flexible lateral SiNM PIN diodes exhibit typical rectifying characteristics with insertion loss and isolation better than 0.9 dB and 19.6 dB, respectively, from DC to 5 GHz, as well as power handling up to 22.5 dBm without gain compression. A single-pole single-throw (SPST) flexible RF switch employing shunt-series PIN diode configuration has achieved insertion loss and isolation better than 0.6 dB and 22.9 dB, respectively, from DC to 5 GHz. Furthermore, the SPST microwave switch shows performance improvement and robustness under mechanical deformation conditions. The study demonstrates the considerable potential of using properly processed transferrable SiNM for microwave passive components. Future investigations on transferrable SiNMs will lead to eventual realization of monolithic microwave integrated systems on low-cost flexible substrates.

76 FR 2409 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Lots 15 and 16 Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

... Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...

Selective Metal Cation Capture by Soft Anionic Metal-Organic Frameworks via Drastic Single-Crystal-to-Single-Crystal Transformations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tian, Jian; Saraf, Laxmikant V.; Schwenzer, Birgit

2012-05-25

Flexible anionic metal-organic frameworks transform to neutral heterobimetallic systems via single-crystal-to-single-crystal processes invoked by cation insertion. These transformations are directed by cooperative bond breakage and formation, resulting in expansion or contraction of the 3D framework by up to 33% due to the flexible nature of the organic linker. These MOFs displays highly selective uptake of divalent transition metal cations (Co2+ and Ni2+ for example) over alkali metal cations (Li+ and Na+).

Erbium Distribution in Single Crystal YAG Fibers Grown by Laser-Heated Pedestal Growth Technique

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-28

single crystal YAG fibers grown by laser - heated pedestal growth technique Single crystal (SC) yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) as a host...inserted into a SC YAG tube. This rod-in-tube was used as a preform in our laser -heated pedestal growth (LHPG) apparatus to grow a fiber with a radial...fibers grown by laser -heated pedestal growth technique Report Title Single crystal (SC) yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG, Y3Al5O12) as a host material has

Radio Frequency (RF) Micro-Electromechanical Systems (MEMS) Switches for Space Communications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simons, Rainee N.; Ponchak, George E.; Scardelletti, Maximillian C.; Varaljay, Nicholas C.

2000-01-01

Micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) is an emerging technology for radio frequency (RF) systems because it has the potential to dramatically decrease loss and improve efficiency. In this paper, we address the design and fabrication of novel MEMS switches being developed at NASA Glenn Research Center. Two types of switches are being developed: a microstrip series single pole single throw (SPST) switch and a coplanar waveguide (CPW) series SPST and single pole double throw (SPDT) switches. These are being fabricated as an integral part of 50 Ohm microstrip and CPW RF integrated circuits using microfabrication techniques. The construction of the switch relies on a cantilever beam that is partially supported by a dielectric post. The cantilever beam is electro-magnetically actuated. To decrease stiction, a Si3N4 thin film is deposited over the contact area. Thus, when the switch is closed, the ON-state insertion loss is governed by the parallel plate capacitance formed by the two contacts. The isolation in the OFF-state is governed by the parasitic capacitance when the cantilever is in the up position. RF MEMS switches have been demonstrated with 80% lower insertion loss than conventional solid state devices (GaAs Metal Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MESFETs) and Silicon PIN diodes) based switches. For example, a conventional GaAs five-bit phase shifter which is required for beam steering in a phased array antenna has approximately 7 dB of insertion loss at 26.5 GHz where as a comparable MEMS based phase shifter is expected to have only 2 dB of insertion loss. This translates into 56% lower power dissipation and therefore decreases the thermal load on the spacecraft and also reduces the power amplifier requirements. These benefits will enable NASA to build the next generation of deep space science crafts and micro/nano satellites.

Survival rates and bone loss after immediate loading of implants in fresh extraction sockets (single gaps). A clinical prospective study with 4 year follow-up

PubMed Central

Wojtovicz, Eduardo; España-Lopez, Antonio; Jimenez-Guerra, Alvaro; Monsalve-Guil, Loreto; Ortiz-Garcia, Ivan; Serrera-Figallo, Maria-Angeles

2018-01-01

Background The aim of this prospective study was to report the outcome of treatment with implants inserted after tooth extraction and immediately loaded. Material and Methods Fifty-six patients with single tooth loss were treated with 116 IPX Galimplant® implants with internal connections and a sandblasted, acid-etched surface. All implants were placed after tooth extraction using a flapless approach without bone regeneration, and they were then immediately loaded with cemented acrylic prostheses. After a period of three months, definitive cemented ceramic prostheses were placed. Patients were examined throughout a total of 4 years of follow-up. Marginal bone loss and survival rates were evaluated using digital periapical radiographs, taking into account clinical variables such as age, gender, smoking, history of periodontitis, etiology of extraction, placement site, diameter, and implant length. The Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric tests were used to compare differences between subgroups created based on the different clinical variables identified. Results Clinical results indicate an implant survival and success rate of 97.4%. Three implants were lost. Of the 116 immediate acrylic single crowns initially placed, 113 were replaced with definitive ceramic crowns after 3 months. A total of 77.8% of implants were inserted in the maxilla, while 22.2% were inserted in the mandible. No further complications were reported after the follow-up period (4 years). The mean marginal bone loss was 0.67 mm ± 0.40 mm. No differences were found among the subgroups of study patients. Conclusions This study indicates that dental implants that are inserted after tooth extraction and immediately loaded may constitute a successful and predictable alternative implant treatment. Key words:Dental implants, post-extraction implants, fresh sockets, immediate loading, immediate prostheses, implant dentistry. PMID:29476669

Folding Properties of Cytosine Monophosphate Kinase from E. coli Indicate Stabilization through an Additional Insert in the NMP Binding Domain

PubMed Central

Beitlich, Thorsten; Lorenz, Thorsten; Reinstein, Jochen

2013-01-01

The globular 25 kDa protein cytosine monophosphate kinase (CMPK, EC ID: 2.7.4.14) from E. coli belongs to the family of nucleoside monophosphate (NMP) kinases (NMPK). Many proteins of this family share medium to high sequence and high structure similarity including the frequently found α/β topology. A unique feature of CMPK in the family of NMPKs is the positioning of a single cis-proline residue in the CORE-domain (cis-Pro124) in conjunction with a large insert in the NMP binding domain. This insert is not found in other well studied NMPKs such as AMPK or UMP/CMPK. We have analyzed the folding pathway of CMPK using time resolved tryptophan and FRET fluorescence as well as CD. Our results indicate that unfolding at high urea concentrations is governed by a single process, whereas refolding in low urea concentrations follows at least a three step process which we interpret as follows: Pro124 in the CORE-domain is in cis in the native state (Nc) and equilibrates with its trans-isomer in the unfolded state (Uc - Ut). Under refolding conditions, at least the Ut species and possibly also the Uc species undergo a fast initial collapse to form intermediates with significant amount of secondary structure, from which the trans-Pro124 fraction folds to the native state with a 100-fold lower rate constant than the cis-Pro124 species. CMPK thus differs from homologous NMP kinases like UMP/CMP kinase or AMP kinase, where folding intermediates show much lower content of secondary structure. Importantly also unfolding is up to 100-fold faster compared to CMPK. We therefore propose that the stabilizing effect of the long NMP-domain insert in conjunction with a subtle twist in the positioning of a single cis-Pro residue allows for substantial stabilization compared to other NMP kinases with α/β topology. PMID:24205218

Gas fluidized-bed stirred media mill

DOEpatents

Sadler, III, Leon Y.

1997-01-01

A gas fluidized-bed stirred media mill is provided for comminuting solid ticles. The mill includes a housing enclosing a porous fluidizing gas diffuser plate, a baffled rotor and stator, a hollow drive shaft with lateral vents, and baffled gas exhaust exit ports. In operation, fluidizing gas is forced through the mill, fluidizing the raw material and milling media. The rotating rotor, stator and milling media comminute the raw material to be ground. Small entrained particles may be carried from the mill by the gas through the exit ports when the particles reach a very fine size.

Increase in transmission loss of single panels by addition of mass inclusions to a poro-elastic layer: Experimental investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kidner, M. R. F.; Fuller, C. R.; Gardner, B.

2006-06-01

The insertion loss of standard acoustic blankets can be significantly improved at low frequencies by the addition of randomly placed mass inclusions to the poro-elastic layers. The improvement is much greater than that due to the mass effect alone. The mass inclusions act as resonant systems and so increase the structure impedance. This paper reports the results of experimental investigations into this phenomenon. Increases in insertion loss of 15 dB in the 100 Hz third octave band are reported.

2. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761899. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1899. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Top roll and one bottom roll, mill housing or cheeks, and spur pinion gears. The broken projection on the mill beside the bottom roll indicates the location of the cane tray. The cane juice crushed from the cane flowed into the juice tray below the bottom rolls. It then flowed into a wooden gutter and through a short tunnel in the mill's masonry enclosure and on to the boiling house for further processing. The opening at the base of the masency wall (In the photograph) is where the gutter ran from the mill to the boiling house. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI

A Low Noise, Microprocessor-Controlled, Internally Digitizing Rotating-Vane Electric Field Mill for Airborne Platforms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bateman, M. G.; Stewart, M. F.; Blakeslee, R. J.; Podgorny, s. J.; Christian, H. J.; Mach, D. M.; Bailey, J. C.; Daskar, D.

2006-01-01

This paper reports on a new generation of aircraft-based rotating-vane style electric field mills designed and built at NASA's Marshall Spaceflight Center. The mills have individual microprocessors that digitize the electric field signal at the mill and respond to commands from the data system computer. The mills are very sensitive (1 V/m per bit), have a wide dynamic range (115 dB), and are very low noise (+/-1 LSB). Mounted on an aircraft, these mills can measure fields from +/-1 V/m to +/-500 kV/m. Once-per-second commanding from the data collection computer to each mill allows for precise timing and synchronization. The mills can also be commanded to execute a self-calibration in flight, which is done periodically to monitor the status and health of each mill.

40 CFR 406.50 - Applicability; description of the normal rice milling subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... normal rice milling subcategory. 406.50 Section 406.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Normal Rice Milling Subcategory § 406.50 Applicability; description of the normal rice milling subcategory. The...

43 CFR 3596.1 - Milling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Milling. 3596.1 Section 3596.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT... OPERATIONS Waste From Mining or Milling § 3596.1 Milling. The operator/lessee shall conduct milling...

43 CFR 3596.1 - Milling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Milling. 3596.1 Section 3596.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT... OPERATIONS Waste From Mining or Milling § 3596.1 Milling. The operator/lessee shall conduct milling...

Redwoods sawed and saved: What happened to the redwoods of Humboldt County?

Treesearch

Jerry Rohde

2017-01-01

The early day logging of coast redwood in Humboldt County was destructive, dramatic, and dangerous. Giant old-growth redwoods were felled by pairs of “choppers” using double-bitted axes and long crosscut saws. Felling a single tree could take a week. After bucking, logs were initially moved by water to mills on the shores of Humboldt Bay. Logging railroads gradually...

Expression of Ornithine Decarboxylase Is Transiently Increased by Pollination, 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid, and Gibberellic Acid in Tomato Ovaries1

PubMed Central

Alabadí, David; Carbonell, Juan

1998-01-01

A cDNA encoding for a functional ornithine decarboxylase has been isolated from a cDNA library of carpels of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). Ornithine decarboxylase in tomato is represented by a single-copy gene that we show to be up-regulated during early fruit growth induced by 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and gibberellic acid. PMID:9733552

Soft-collinear supersymmetry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cohen, Timothy; Elor, Gilly; Larkoski, Andrew J.

Soft-Collinear E ective Theory (SCET) is a framework for modeling the infrared structure of theories whose long distance behavior is dominated by soft and collinear divergences. This paper demonstrates that SCET can be made compatible with supersymmetry (SUSY). Explicitly, the e ective Lagrangian for N = 1 SUSY Yang-Mills is constructed and shown to be a complete description for the infrared of this model. For contrast, we also construct the e ective Lagrangian for chiral SUSY theories with Yukawa couplings, speci cally the single avor Wess-Zumino model. Only a subset of the infrared divergences are reproduced by the Lagrangian |more » to account for the complete low energy description requires the inclusion of local operators. SCET is formulated by expanding elds along a light-like direction and then subsequently integrating out degrees-of-freedom that are away from the light-cone. De ning the theory with respect to a speci c frame obfuscates Lorentz invariance | given that SUSY is a space-time symmetry, this presents a possible obstruction. The cleanest language with which to expose the congruence between SUSY and SCET requires exploring two novel formalisms: collinear fermions as two-component Weyl spinors, and SCET in light-cone gauge. By expressing SUSY Yang- Mills in \\collinear superspace", a slice of superspace derived by integrating out half the fermionic coordinates, the light-cone gauge SUSY SCET theory can be written in terms of super elds. As a byproduct, bootstrapping up to the full theory yields the rst algorithmic approach for determining the SUSY Yang-Mills on-shell superspace action. As a result, this work paves the way toward discovering the e ective theory for the collinear limit of N = 4 SUSY Yang-Mills.« less

High-Energy Ball Milling as Green Process To Vitrify Tadalafil and Improve Bioavailability.

PubMed

Krupa, Anna; Descamps, Marc; Willart, Jean-François; Strach, Beata; Wyska, Elżbieta; Jachowicz, Renata; Danède, Florence

2016-11-07

In this study, the suitability of high-energy ball milling was investigated with the aim to vitrify tadalafil (TD) and improve its bioavailability. To achieve this goal, pure TD as well as binary mixtures composed of the drug and Soluplus (SL) were coprocessed by high-energy ball milling. Modulated differential scanning calorimetry (MDSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) demonstrated that after such coprocessing, the crystalline form of TD was transformed into an amorphous form. The presence of a single glass transition (T g ) for all the comilled formulations indicated that TD was dispersed into SL at the molecular level, forming amorphous molecular alloys, regardless of the drug concentration. The high values of T g determined for amorphous formulations, ranging from 70 to 147 °C, foreshow their high stability during storage at room temperature, which was verified by XRD and MDSC studies. The stabilizing effect of SL on the amorphous form of TD in comilled formulations was confirmed. Dissolution tests showed immediate drug release with sustained supersaturation in either simulated gastric fluid of pH 1.2 or in phosphate buffer of pH 7.2. The beneficial effect of both amorphization and coamorphization on the bioavailability of TD was found. In comparison to aqueous suspension, the relative bioavailability of TD was only 11% for its crystalline form and 53% for the crystalline physical mixture, whereas the bioavailability of milled amorphous TD and the comilled solid dispersion was 128% and 289%, respectively. Thus, the results provide evidence that not only the presence of polymeric surfactant but also the vitrification of TD is necessary to improve bioavailability.

Geochemical investigation of UMTRAP designated site at Durango, Colorado

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Markos, G.; Bush, K.J.

1983-09-01

This report is the result of a geochemical investigation of the former uranium mill and tailings site at Durango, Colorado. This is one in a series of site specific geochemical investigations performed on the inactive uranium mill tailings included in the UMTRA Project. The objectives of the investigation are to characterize the geochemistry, to determine the contaminant distribution resulting from the former milling activities and tailings, and to infer chemical pathways and transport mechanisms from the contaminant distribution. The results will be used to model contaminant migration and to develop criteria for long-term containment media such as a cover systemmore » which is impermeable to contaminant migration. This report assumes a familiarity with the hydrologic conditions of the site and the geochemical concepts underlying the investigation. The results reported are based on a one-time sampling of waters and solid material from the background, the area adjacent to the site, and the site. The solid samples are water extracted remove easily soluble salts and acids extracted to remove cabonates and hydroxides. The water extracts and solid samples were analyzed for the major and trace elements. A limited number of samples were analyzed for radiological components. The report includes the methods of sampling, sample processing, analysis, and data interpretation. Three major conclusions are: (1) carbonate salts and low TDS characterize the tailings; (2) the adjacent area and raffinate ponds contain contaminants deposited by a single event of fluid permeation of the soils; and (3) the Animas River adjacent to the site has elevated gross alpha activity attributed to /sup 226/Ra in the sediments derived from the tailings or milling activities.« less

The effect of milling time and sintering temperature on Mn, Ti substituted barium hexaferrite nanoparticle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yustanti, Erlina; Manaf, Azwar

2018-04-01

Barium hexaferrite (BaO.6Fe2O3/BaFe12O19) is a permanent magnetic material and microwave absorbing material. The value of microwave absorption can be increased through the engineering of the material structure, while the reduction of crystallite and particle size up to nanometer results device performance improvement to be superior. In this research, the structural engineering through mechanical alloying and crystallite size reduction through high power ultrasonic irradiation will be explained. Mixing and alloying of Sigma Aldrich BaCO3, Fe2O3, MnCO3, TiO2 p.a 99% precursor material used ball mill with powder ratio of vial at 1:10. Mechanical alloying for 60 hours at 160 rpm produced amorphous material. The process of the crystalline embryo nucleation for 4 hours produced multicrystalline material at a sinter temperature of 1100°C. Phase analysis of the mechanical alloying result using x-ray diffractometer was confirmed either the formation of BaO.6Fe2-xMnx/2Tix/2O3 (x=0.5) single phase. Multicrystalline powder of BaO.6Fe2-xMnx/2Tix/2O3 (x=0.5) was obtained through 20 hours hand grinding and re-milling to bulk sample. Crystallite size reduction in the analysis was conducted through particle density variation in ultrasonic reactor and variation of the increase in ultrasonic time. Increase in milling time up to 60 hours produced fragmenting so that particle size reduction from 18.8 µm to 0.9 µm was occurred. The 12-h ultrasonic irradiation at a frequency of 20 kHz amplitude of 60 µm produced a crystallite-size reduction up to 18 nm at a 10 g/L particle density.

Effects of the two-gap nature on the microwave conductivity of polycrystalline Mg B2 films with a critical temperature of 39 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Sang Young; Lee, J. H.; Han, Jung Hoon; Moon, S. H.; Lee, H. N.; Booth, James C.; Claassen, J. H.

2005-03-01

The surface resistance (RS) and the real part (σ1) of the microwave complex conductivity of a ˜380-nm -thick polycrystalline MgB2 film with the critical temperature (TC) of 39.3K were investigated at frequency ˜8.5GHz as a function of temperature. Two distinct coherence peaks were observed in the σ1 vs temperature curve at Ttilde 0.5TC and ˜0.9TC , respectively, providing a direct evidence for the two-gap nature of MgB2 . The film is shown to have a π -band gap energy of ˜1.7meV . For the MgB2 film ion milled down to the thickness of ˜320nm , two coherence peaks were still observable with the first conductivity peak at ˜0.6TC . The inferred π -band gap energy of ˜2.0meV is higher than before ion milling. Reduced normal-state conductivity at TC and RS at temperatures below 15K were found for the ion-milled film. Calculations based on the weak-coupling BCS theory and the strong coupling theory suggest that both σ and π bands contribute to σ1 of the polycrystalline MgB2 films significantly. Our results are in contrast with the observation of single coherence peak, ascribed to the dominant role of the π band, in the microwave conductivity of c -axis-oriented MgB2 films reported by Jin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 91, 127006 (2003)]. Variations in the interband coupling constants with the level of disorder can account for the different TC and σ1 behavior of the as-grown and ion-milled films.

Soft-collinear supersymmetry

DOE PAGES

Cohen, Timothy; Elor, Gilly; Larkoski, Andrew J.

2017-03-03

Soft-Collinear E ective Theory (SCET) is a framework for modeling the infrared structure of theories whose long distance behavior is dominated by soft and collinear divergences. This paper demonstrates that SCET can be made compatible with supersymmetry (SUSY). Explicitly, the e ective Lagrangian for N = 1 SUSY Yang-Mills is constructed and shown to be a complete description for the infrared of this model. For contrast, we also construct the e ective Lagrangian for chiral SUSY theories with Yukawa couplings, speci cally the single avor Wess-Zumino model. Only a subset of the infrared divergences are reproduced by the Lagrangian |more » to account for the complete low energy description requires the inclusion of local operators. SCET is formulated by expanding elds along a light-like direction and then subsequently integrating out degrees-of-freedom that are away from the light-cone. De ning the theory with respect to a speci c frame obfuscates Lorentz invariance | given that SUSY is a space-time symmetry, this presents a possible obstruction. The cleanest language with which to expose the congruence between SUSY and SCET requires exploring two novel formalisms: collinear fermions as two-component Weyl spinors, and SCET in light-cone gauge. By expressing SUSY Yang- Mills in \\collinear superspace", a slice of superspace derived by integrating out half the fermionic coordinates, the light-cone gauge SUSY SCET theory can be written in terms of super elds. As a byproduct, bootstrapping up to the full theory yields the rst algorithmic approach for determining the SUSY Yang-Mills on-shell superspace action. As a result, this work paves the way toward discovering the e ective theory for the collinear limit of N = 4 SUSY Yang-Mills.« less

Analysis of the 227 bp short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) insertion of the promoter of the myostatin (MSTN) gene in different horse breeds.

PubMed

Dall'Olio, Stefania; Scotti, Emilio; Fontanesi, Luca; Tassinari, Marco

2014-01-01

The myostatin (MSTN) gene encodes a protein known to be a negative regulator of muscle mass in mammalian species. Different polymorphisms of the horse (Equus caballus) MSTN gene have been identified, including single nucleotide polymorphisms and a short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) insertion of 227 bp within the promoter of the gene. The SINE insertion has been associated with performance traits in Thoroughbred racehorses and it was proposed as a predictor of optimum racing distance. The aims of this study were to perform in silico analysis to identify putative gains or abrogation of transcription-factor binding sites (TFBSs) generated by the SINE allele of the promoter and to analyse the frequency of the SINE insertion in horses used for racing (gallop and trot) and other purposes. The SINE insertion was genotyped in 227 horses from 10 breeds belonging to different morphological types (brachimorphic, mesomorphic, meso-dolichomorphic and dolichomorphic). The presence of the insertion was confirmed in the Quarter Horse (SINE allele frequency of 0.81) and in the Thoroughbred (0.51), whereas the SINE allele did not segregate in any of the other analysed breeds. As the SINE MSTN gene polymorphism may be population or breed specific, it is not a useful marker for association studies in all breeds.

Experimental Investigation of Oscillatory Flow Pressure and Pressure Drop Through Complex Geometries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ibrahim, Mounir B.; Wang, Meng; Gedeon, David

2005-01-01

A series of experiments have been performed to investigate the oscillatory flow pressure and pressure drop through complex geometries. These experiments were conducted at the CSU-SLRE facility which is a horizontally opposed, two-piston, single-acting engine with a split crankshaft driving mechanism. Flow through a rectangular duct, with no insert (obstruction), was studied first. Then four different inserts were examined: Abrupt, Manifold, Diverging Short and Diverging Long. The inserts were mounted in the center of the rectangular duct to represent different type of geometries that could be encountered in Stirling machines. The pressure and pressure drop of the oscillating flow was studied for: 1) different inserts, 2) different phase angle between the two pistons of the engine (zero, 90 lead, 180, and 90 lag), and 3) for different piston frequencies (5, 10, 15, and 20 Hz). It was found that the pressure drop of the oscillatory flow increases with increasing Reynolds number. The pressure drop was shown to be mainly due to the gas inertia for the case of oscillatory flow through a rectangular duct with no insert. On the other hand, for the cases with different inserts into the rectangular duct, the pressure drop has three sources: inertia, friction, and local losses. The friction pressure drop is only a small fraction of the total pressure drop. It was also shown that the dimensionless pressure drop decreases with increasing kinetic Reynolds number.

Organ-specific SPECT activity calibration using 3D printed phantoms for molecular radiotherapy dosimetry.

PubMed

Robinson, Andrew P; Tipping, Jill; Cullen, David M; Hamilton, David; Brown, Richard; Flynn, Alex; Oldfield, Christopher; Page, Emma; Price, Emlyn; Smith, Andrew; Snee, Richard

2016-12-01

Patient-specific absorbed dose calculations for molecular radiotherapy require accurate activity quantification. This is commonly derived from Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) imaging using a calibration factor relating detected counts to known activity in a phantom insert. A series of phantom inserts, based on the mathematical models underlying many clinical dosimetry calculations, have been produced using 3D printing techniques. SPECT/CT data for the phantom inserts has been used to calculate new organ-specific calibration factors for (99m) Tc and (177)Lu. The measured calibration factors are compared to predicted values from calculations using a Gaussian kernel. Measured SPECT calibration factors for 3D printed organs display a clear dependence on organ shape for (99m) Tc and (177)Lu. The observed variation in calibration factor is reproduced using Gaussian kernel-based calculation over two orders of magnitude change in insert volume for (99m) Tc and (177)Lu. These new organ-specific calibration factors show a 24, 11 and 8 % reduction in absorbed dose for the liver, spleen and kidneys, respectively. Non-spherical calibration factors from 3D printed phantom inserts can significantly improve the accuracy of whole organ activity quantification for molecular radiotherapy, providing a crucial step towards individualised activity quantification and patient-specific dosimetry. 3D printed inserts are found to provide a cost effective and efficient way for clinical centres to access more realistic phantom data.

Recent developments in turning hardened steels - A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivaraman, V.; Prakash, S.

2017-05-01

Hard materials ranging from HRC 45 - 68 such as hardened AISI H13, AISI 4340, AISI 52100, D2 STL, D3 STEEL Steel etc., need super hard tool materials to machine. Turning of these hard materials is termed as hard turning. Hard turning makes possible direct machining of the hard materials and also eliminates the lubricant requirement and thus favoring dry machining. Hard turning is a finish turning process and hence conventional grinding is not required. Development of the new advanced super hard tool materials such as ceramic inserts, Cubic Boron Nitride, Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride etc. enabled the turning of these materials. PVD and CVD methods of coating have made easier the production of single and multi layered coated tool inserts. Coatings of TiN, TiAlN, TiC, Al2O3, AlCrN over cemented carbide inserts has lead to the machining of difficult to machine materials. Advancement in the process of hard machining paved way for better surface finish, long tool life, reduced tool wear, cutting force and cutting temperatures. Micro and Nano coated carbide inserts, nanocomposite coated PCBN inserts, micro and nano CBN coated carbide inserts and similar developments have made machining of hardened steels much easier and economical. In this paper, broad literature review on turning of hardened steels including optimizing process parameters, cooling requirements, different tool materials etc., are done.

PIP silicone breast implants: rupture rates based on the explantation of 676 implants in a single surgeon series.

PubMed

Quaba, Omar; Quaba, Awf

2013-09-01

To determine the true rupture rates of PIP implants from a large single surgeon cohort and to assess whether rupture rates varied depending on time of implant insertion. In addition, the efficacy of ultra sound scanning (USS) in determining rupture is examined. Predominantly prospectively based analysis of patient records, investigations and surgical findings. 338 patients (676 implants) were included in the study and they all had removal of their implants. The senior author operated on all patients at some stage of their treatment. 160 patients were imaged pre-operatively with USS. Patients had implants inserted between 1999 and 2007 for cosmetic breast augmentation. A total of 144 ruptured implants were removed from 119 patients, giving a rupture rate of 35.2% per patient and 21.3% per implant over a mean implantation period of 7.8 years. A statistical difference (P < 0.001) in rupture rates between implants inserted prior to 2003 and those inserted from 2003 was demonstrated, with higher failure rates in the latter group. There was a significant difference in rupture rates depending on pocket placement of the implants. The sensitivity and specificity of USS at detecting rupture was 90.6% and 98.3% respectively. A proportion of patients (29.4%) demonstrated loco-regional spread of silicone to the axilla on scanning. Our paper has confirmed high rates of PIP implant failure in the largest published series to date. The significant difference in rupture rates between implants inserted prior to 2003 and those after this time supports the view that industrial silicone was used in the devices after 2003. Implants are more likely to rupture if inserted in the sub muscular plane compared to the sub glandular plane. USS is highly effective at detecting rupture in PIP implants and loco-regional spread is high compared to other devices. We believe this paper provides hard data enabling more informed decision making for patients, clinicians and providers in what remains an active issue affecting thousands of women. Copyright © 2013 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Multidimensional Strategy Regarding the Reduction of Central-Line Associated Infection in Pediatric Intensive Care].

PubMed

Rodrigues, Jorge; Dias, Andrea; Oliveira, Guiomar; Farela Neves, José

2016-06-01

To determine the central-line associated bloodstream infection rate after implementation of central venous catheter-care practice bundles and guidelines and to compare it with the previous central-line associated bloodstream infection rate. A prospective, longitudinal, observational descriptive study with an exploratory component was performed in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit during five months. The universe was composed of every child admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit who inserted a central venous catheter. A comparative study with historical controls was performed to evaluate the result of the intervention (group 1 versus group 2). Seventy five children were included, with a median age of 23 months: 22 (29.3%) newborns; 28 (37.3%) with recent surgery and 32 (43.8%) with underlying illness. A total of 105 central venous catheter were inserted, the majority a single central venous catheter (69.3%), with a mean duration of 6.8 ± 6.7 days. The most common type of central venous catheter was the short-term, non-tunneled central venous catheter (45.7%), while the subclavian and brachial flexure veins were the most frequent insertion sites (both 25.7%). There were no cases of central-line associated bloodstream infection reported during this study. Comparing with historical controls (group 1), both groups were similar regarding age, gender, department of origin and place of central venous catheter insertion. In the current study (group 2), the median length of stay was higher, while the mean duration of central venous catheter (excluding peripherally inserted central line) was similar in both groups. There were no statistical differences regarding central venous catheter caliber and number of lumens. Fewer children admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit had central venous catheter inserted in group 2, with no significant difference between single or multiple central venous catheter. After multidimensional strategy implementation there was no reported central-line associated bloodstream infection Conclusions: Efforts must be made to preserve the same degree of multidimensional prevention, in order to confirm the effective reduction of the central-line associated bloodstream infection rate and to allow its maintenance.

Lysenin Toxin Membrane Insertion Is pH-Dependent but Independent of Neighboring Lysenins.

PubMed

Munguira, Ignacio L B; Takahashi, Hirohide; Casuso, Ignacio; Scheuring, Simon

2017-11-07

Pore-forming toxins form a family of proteins that act as virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria, but similar proteins are found in all kingdoms of life, including the vertebrate immune system. They are secreted as soluble monomers that oligomerize on target membranes in the so-called prepore state; after activation, they insert into the membrane and adopt the pore state. Lysenin is a pore-forming toxin from the earthworm Eisenida foetida, of which both the soluble and membrane-inserted structures are solved. However, the activation and membrane-insertion mechanisms have remained elusive. Here, we used high-speed atomic force microscopy to directly visualize the membrane-insertion mechanism. Changing the environmental pH from pH 7.5 to below pH 6.0 favored membrane insertion. We detected a short α-helix in the soluble structure that comprised three glutamic acids (Glu92, Glu94, and Glu97) that we hypothesized may represent a pH-sensor (as in similar toxins, e.g., Listeriolysin). Mutant lysenin still can form pores, but mutating these glutamic acids to glutamines rendered the toxin pH-insensitive. On the other hand, toxins in the pore state did not favor insertion of neighboring prepores; indeed, pore insertion breaks the hexagonal ordered domains of prepores and separates from neighboring molecules in the membrane. pH-dependent activation of toxins may represent a common feature of pore-forming toxins. High-speed atomic force microscopy with single-molecule resolution at high temporal resolution and the possibility of exchanging buffers during the experiments presents itself as a unique tool for the study of toxin-state conversion. Copyright © 2017 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Percutaneous insertion of peritoneal dialysis catheters using ultrasound and fluoroscopic guidance: A single centre experience and review of literature.

PubMed

De Boo, Diederick W; Mott, Nigel; Tregaskis, Peter; Quach, Trung; Menahem, Solomon; Walker, Rowan G; Koukounaras, Jim

2015-12-01

Various methods of peritoneal dialysis (PD) catheter insertion are available. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a percutaneous insertion technique using ultrasound (US) and fluoroscopy performed under conscious sedation and as day case procedure. Data of 87 percutaneous inserted dialysis catheters were prospectively collected, including patients' age, gender, body mass index, history of previous abdominal surgery and cause of end stage renal failure. Length of hospital stay, early complications and time to first use were also recorded. Institutional review board approval was obtained. A 100% technical success rate was observed. Early complications included bleeding (n = 3), catheter dysfunction (n = 6), exit site infection (n = 1) and exit site leakage (n = 1). All cases of catheter dysfunction and one case of bleeding required surgical revision. Median time of follow-up was 18 months (range 3-35), and median time from insertion to first use was days 14 (1-47). Of the 82 patients who started dialysis, 20 (23%) ceased PD at some stage during follow-up. Most frequently encountered reasons include deteriorating patient cognitive or functional status (n = 5), successful transplant kidney (n = 4) and pleuro-peritoneal fistula (n = 4). Sixty-two (71%) PD catheter insertions were performed as day case. The remaining insertions were performed on patients already admitted to the hospital. Percutaneous insertion of dialysis catheter using US and fluoroscopy is not only safe but can be performed as day case procedure in most patients, even with a medical history of abdominal surgery and/or obesity. © 2015 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Radiologists.

Phylogenetic Conflict in Bears Identified by Automated Discovery of Transposable Element Insertions in Low-Coverage Genomes.

PubMed

Lammers, Fritjof; Gallus, Susanne; Janke, Axel; Nilsson, Maria A

2017-10-01

Phylogenetic reconstruction from transposable elements (TEs) offers an additional perspective to study evolutionary processes. However, detecting phylogenetically informative TE insertions requires tedious experimental work, limiting the power of phylogenetic inference. Here, we analyzed the genomes of seven bear species using high-throughput sequencing data to detect thousands of TE insertions. The newly developed pipeline for TE detection called TeddyPi (TE detection and discovery for Phylogenetic Inference) identified 150,513 high-quality TE insertions in the genomes of ursine and tremarctine bears. By integrating different TE insertion callers and using a stringent filtering approach, the TeddyPi pipeline produced highly reliable TE insertion calls, which were confirmed by extensive in vitro validation experiments. Analysis of single nucleotide substitutions in the flanking regions of the TEs shows that these substitutions correlate with the phylogenetic signal from the TE insertions. Our phylogenomic analyses show that TEs are a major driver of genomic variation in bears and enabled phylogenetic reconstruction of a well-resolved species tree, despite strong signals for incomplete lineage sorting and introgression. The analyses show that the Asiatic black, sun, and sloth bear form a monophyletic clade, in which phylogenetic incongruence originates from incomplete lineage sorting. TeddyPi is open source and can be adapted to various TE and structural variation callers. The pipeline makes it possible to confidently extract thousands of TE insertions even from low-coverage genomes (∼10×) of nonmodel organisms. This opens new possibilities for biologists to study phylogenies and evolutionary processes as well as rates and patterns of (retro-)transposition and structural variation. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Rest Intervals Reduce the Number of Loading Bouts Required to Enhance Bone Formation

PubMed Central

Srinivasan, Sundar; Ausk, Brandon J.; Bain, Steven D.; Gardiner, Edith M.; Kwon, Ronald Y.; Gross, Ted S.

2015-01-01

Purpose As our society becomes increasingly sedentary, compliance with exercise regimens that require numerous high-energy activities each week become less likely. Alternatively, given an osteogenic exercise intervention that required minimal effort, it is reasonable to presume that participation would be enhanced. Insertion of brief rest-intervals between each cycle of mechanical loading holds potential to achieve this result as substantial osteoblast function is activated by many fewer loading repetitions within each loading bout. Here, we examined the complementary hypothesis that the number of bouts/wk of rest-inserted loading could be reduced from 3/wk without loss of osteogenic efficacy. Methods We conducted a series of 3 wk in vivo experiments that non-invasively exposed the right tibiae of mice to either cyclic (1 Hz) or rest-inserted loading interventions and quantified osteoblast function via dynamic histomorphometry. Results While reducing loading bouts from 3/wk (i.e., 9 total bouts) to 1/wk (3 total bouts) effectively mitigated the osteogenic benefit of cyclic loading, the same reduction did not significantly reduce periosteal bone formation parameters induced by rest-inserted loading. The osteogenic response was robust to the timing of the rest-inserted loading bouts (3 bouts in the first week vs 1 bout/wk for three weeks). However, elimination of any single bout of the three 1/wk bouts mitigated the osteogenic response to rest-inserted loading. Finally, periosteal osteoblast function assessed after the 3 wk intervention was not sensitive to the timing or number of rest-inserted loading bouts. Conclusions We conclude that rest-inserted loading holds potential to retain the osteogenic benefits of mechanical loading with significantly reduced frequency of bouts of activity while also enabling greater flexibility in the timing of the activity. PMID:25207932

Generation and analysis of a barcode-tagged insertion mutant library in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PubMed

Chen, Bo-Ruei; Hale, Devin C; Ciolek, Peter J; Runge, Kurt W

2012-05-03

Barcodes are unique DNA sequence tags that can be used to specifically label individual mutants. The barcode-tagged open reading frame (ORF) haploid deletion mutant collections in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe allow for high-throughput mutant phenotyping because the relative growth of mutants in a population can be determined by monitoring the proportions of their associated barcodes. While these mutant collections have greatly facilitated genome-wide studies, mutations in essential genes are not present, and the roles of these genes are not as easily studied. To further support genome-scale research in S. pombe, we generated a barcode-tagged fission yeast insertion mutant library that has the potential of generating viable mutations in both essential and non-essential genes and can be easily analyzed using standard molecular biological techniques. An insertion vector containing a selectable ura4+ marker and a random barcode was used to generate a collection of 10,000 fission yeast insertion mutants stored individually in 384-well plates and as six pools of mixed mutants. Individual barcodes are flanked by Sfi I recognition sites and can be oligomerized in a unique orientation to facilitate barcode sequencing. Independent genetic screens on a subset of mutants suggest that this library contains a diverse collection of single insertion mutations. We present several approaches to determine insertion sites. This collection of S. pombe barcode-tagged insertion mutants is well-suited for genome-wide studies. Because insertion mutations may eliminate, reduce or alter the function of essential and non-essential genes, this library will contain strains with a wide range of phenotypes that can be assayed by their associated barcodes. The design of the barcodes in this library allows for barcode sequencing using next generation or standard benchtop cloning approaches.

21 CFR 515.10 - Medicated feed mill license applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Medicated feed mill license applications. 515.10... (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Applications § 515.10 Medicated feed mill license applications. (a) Medicated feed mill license applications (Forms FDA 3448) may...

7 CFR 868.314 - Grade designation and other certificate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.314 Grade designation and other certificate information. (a) Milled rice. The grade designation for all classes of Milled rice shall be... Milled rice information. For the class Mixed Milled rice, the following information shall be included in...

7 CFR 868.314 - Grade designation and other certificate information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.314 Grade designation and other certificate information. (a) Milled rice. The grade designation for all classes of Milled rice shall be... Milled rice information. For the class Mixed Milled rice, the following information shall be included in...

68. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

68. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER AT MIDDLE LEFT. PRIMARY MILL SURGE TANK AND LAUNDERS AT MIDDLE BOTTOM. STAIR TO TROJAN CLASSIFIER LEVEL BEHIND CRANE BENT, UPPER RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS TO PRIMARY THICKENERS RISE VERTICALLY AT MIDDLE RIGHT AND RUN HORIZONTALLY ACROSS TOP OF VIEW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD

168. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

168. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER AT MIDDLE LEFT. PRIMARY MILL SURGE TANK AND LAUNDERS AT MIDDLE BOTTOM. STAIR TO TROJAN CLASSIFIER LEVEL BEHIND CRANE BENT, UPPER RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS TO PRIMARY THICKENERS RISE VERTICALLY AT MIDDLE RIGHT AND RUN HORIZONTALLY ACROSS TOP OF VIEW - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD

Understanding dental CAD/CAM for restorations - dental milling machines from a mechanical engineering viewpoint. Part A: chairside milling machines.

PubMed

Lebon, Nicolas; Tapie, Laurent; Duret, Francois; Attal, Jean-Pierre

2016-01-01

The dental milling machine is an important device in the dental CAD/CAM chain. Nowadays, dental numerical controlled (NC) milling machines are available for dental surgeries (chairside solution). This article provides a mechanical engineering approach to NC milling machines to help dentists understand the involvement of technology in digital dentistry practice. First, some technical concepts and definitions associated with NC milling machines are described from a mechanical engineering viewpoint. The technical and economic criteria of four chairside dental NC milling machines that are available on the market are then described. The technical criteria are focused on the capacities of the embedded technologies of these milling machines to mill both prosthetic materials and types of shape restorations. The economic criteria are focused on investment costs and interoperability with third-party software. The clinical relevance of the technology is assessed in terms of the accuracy and integrity of the restoration.

Mass-spring matching layers for high-frequency ultrasound transducers: a new technique using vacuum deposition.

PubMed

Brown, Jeremy; Sharma, Srikanta; Leadbetter, Jeff; Cochran, Sandy; Adamson, Rob

2014-11-01

We have developed a technique of applying multiple matching layers to high-frequency (>30 MHz) imaging transducers, by using carefully controlled vacuum deposition alone. This technique uses a thin mass-spring matching layer approach that was previously described in a low-frequency (1 to 10 MHz) transducer design with epoxied layers. This mass- spring approach is more suitable to vacuum deposition in highfrequency transducers over the conventional quarter-wavelength resonant cavity approach, because thinner layers and more versatile material selection can be used, the difficulty in precisely lapping quarter-wavelength matching layers is avoided, the layers are less attenuating, and the layers can be applied to a curved surface. Two different 3-mm-diameter 45-MHz planar lithium niobate transducers and one geometrically curved 3-mm lithium niobate transducer were designed and fabricated using this matching layer approach with copper as the mass layer and parylene as the spring layer. The first planar lithium niobate transducer used a single mass-spring matching network, and the second planar lithium niobate transducer used a single mass-spring network to approximate the first layer in a dual quarter-wavelength matching layer system in addition to a conventional quarter-wavelength layer as the second matching layer. The curved lithium niobate transducer was press focused and used a similar mass-spring plus quarter-wavelength matching layer network. These transducers were then compared with identical transducers with no matching layers and the performance improvement was quantified. The bandwidth of the lithium niobate transducer with the single mass-spring layer was measured to be 46% and the insertion loss was measured to be -21.9 dB. The bandwidth and insertion loss of the lithium niobate transducer with the mass-spring network plus quarter-wavelength matching were measured to be 59% and -18.2 dB, respectively. These values were compared with the unmatched transducer, which had a bandwidth of 28% and insertion loss of -34.1 dB. The bandwidth and insertion loss of the curved lithium niobate transducer with the mass-spring plus quarter-wavelength matching layer combination were measured to be 68% and -26 dB, respectively; this compared with the measured unmatched bandwidth and insertion loss of 35% and -37 dB. All experimentally measured values were in excellent agreement with theoretical Krimholtz-Leedom-Matthaei (KLM) model predictions.

Activity of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in and around flour mills.

PubMed

Doud, C W; Phillips, T W

2000-12-01

Studies were conducted at two flour mills where male Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), were captured using pheromone-baited traps. Objectives were to determine the distribution of male P. interpunctella at different locations in and around the mills throughout the season, and to monitor moth activity before and after one of the mills was fumigated with methyl bromide to assess efficacy of treatment. Commercially available sticky traps baited with the P. interpunctella sex pheromone were placed at various locations outside and within the larger of the two mills (mill 1). Moths were captured inside mill 1 after methyl bromide fumigations. The highest numbers of P. interpunctella were caught outside the facility and at ground floor locations near outside openings. Additional traps placed in the rooms above the concrete stored-wheat silos at mill 1 during the second year captured more moths than did traps within the mill's production and warehouse areas. In another study, moths were trapped at various distances from a smaller flour mill (mill 2) to determine the distribution of moths outdoors relative to the mill. There was a negative correlation between moth capture and distance from the facility, which suggested that moth activity was concentrated at or near the flour mill. The effectiveness of the methyl bromide fumigations in suppressing moth populations could not be assessed with certainty because moths captured after fumigation may have immigrated from outside through opened loading bay warehouse doors. This study documents high levels of P. interpunctella outdoors relative to those recorded inside a food processing facility. Potential for immigration of P. interpunctella into flour mills and other stored product facilities from other sources may be greater than previously recognized. Moth entry into a food processing facility after fumigation is a problem that should be addressed by pest managers.

Simulation-Assisted Evaluation of Grinding Circuit Flowsheet Design Alternatives: Aghdarreh Gold Ore Processing Plant / Ocena Alternatywnych Schematów Technologicznych Procesu Rozdrabniania W Zakładach Przeróbki Rud Złota W Aghdarreh, Z Wykorzystaniem Metod Symulacji

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farzanegan, A.; Ghalaei, A. Ebtedaei

2015-03-01

The run of mine ore from Aghdarreh gold mine must be comminuted to achieve the desired degree of liberation of gold particles. Currently, comminution circuits include a single-stage crushing using a jaw crusher and a single-stage grinding using a Semi-Autogenous Grinding (SAG) mill in closed circuit with a hydrocyclone package. The gold extraction is done by leaching process using cyanidation method through a series of stirred tanks. In this research, an optimization study of Aghdarreh plant grinding circuit performance was done to lower the product particle size (P80) from 70 μm to approximately 40 μm by maintaining current throughput using modeling and simulation approach. After two sampling campaigns from grinding circuit, particle size distribution data were balanced using NorBal software. The first and second data sets obtained from the two sampling campaigns were used to calibrate necessary models and validate them prior to performing simulation trials using MODSIM software. Computer simulations were performed to assess performance of two proposed new circuit flowsheets. The first proposed flowsheet consists of existing SAG mill circuit and a new proposed ball mill in closed circuit with a new second hydrocyclone package. The second proposed flowsheet consists of existing SAG mill circuit followed by a new proposed ball mill in closed circuit with the existing hydrocyclone package. In all simulations, SAGT, CYCL and MILL models were selected to simulate SAG mill, Hydrocyclone packages and ball mill units. SAGT and MILL models both are based on population balance model of grinding process. CYCL model is based on Plitt's empirical model of classification process in hydrocyclone units. It was shown that P80 can be reduced to about 40 μm and 42 μm for the first and second proposed circuits, respectively. Based on capital and operational costs, it can be concluded that the second proposed circuit is a more suitable option for plant grinding flowsheet modification. Surowy urobek z kopalni rud złota Aghdarreh musi najpierw zostać poddany rozdrobnieniu, aby zapewnić efektywniejsze uwalnianie cząsteczek złota. W chwili obecnej obiegi rozdrabniania obejmują kruszenie jednostopniowe z wykorzystaniem kruszarek szczękowych oraz kruszenie jednostopniowe z użyciem kruszarek półautomatycznych w obiegu zamkniętym z hydrocyklonem. Odzysk złota odbywa się przy zastosowaniu procesu ługowania, z zastosowaniem metody cyjankowej w szeregu mieszalników. W pracy tej przeprowadzono optymalizację procesu rozdrabniania rud w zakładach przeróbczych Aghdarreh prowadzonego w celu zmniejszenia rozmiarów uzyskiwanych cząsteczek złota (Ps0) z 70 μm do ok. 40 μm poprzez zapewnienie ciągłości procesu, z wykorzystaniem metod modelowania i symulacji. Na podstawie dwóch zestawów próbek z ciągu technologicznego rozdrabniania, rozkłady wielkości cząstek zostały statystycznie zrównoważone z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania NorBal. Pierwszy i drugi zbiór danych otrzymanych na podstawie dwóch zestawów próbek wykorzystany został do kalibracji i walidacji modeli, przed przystąpieniem do właściwych badań symulacyjnych z użyciem oprogramowania MODSIM. Symulacje komputerowe przeprowadzono w celu oceny wydajności dwóch proponowanych ciągów technologicznych. Pierwszy ciąg obejmuje istniejące kruszarki półautomatyczne i nowo proponowaną kruszarkę kulową pracującą w obiegu zamkniętym z hydrocyklonem. Drugi rozważany ciąg stanowi istniejąca kruszarka półautomatyczna, następnie proponowana kruszarka kulowa pracująca w obiegu zamkniętym z istniejącym hydrocyklonem. We wszystkich symulacjach bazowano na modelach SAGT, CYCL i MILL do symulacji pracy kruszarek półautomatycznych, pakietu hydrocyklonu oraz pojedynczych kruszarek. Modele SAGT i MILL oparte są na modelu zrównoważonej populacji w procesie rozdrabniania. Model CYCL opiera się na empirycznym modelu klasyfikacji Plitta zastosowanym do hydrocyklonów. Wykazano, że rozmiar cząstek zmniejszony został odpowiednio do 40 μm i 42 μm dla pierwszego i drugiego analizowanego obiegu. Uwzględniając nakłady kapitałowe oraz koszty operacyjne, wyciągnąć można więc wniosek, ze drugi proponowany układ jest korzystniejszą opcją modyfikacji istniejącego ciągu technologicznego rozdrabniania.

Demonstration of a silicon nitride attrition mill for production of fine pure Si and Si3N4 powders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herbell, T. P.; Glasgow, T. K.; Orth, N. W.

1984-01-01

To avoid metallic impurities normally introduced by milling ceramic powders in conventional steel hardware, an attrition mill (high-energy stirred ball mill) was constructed with the wearing parts (mill body, stirring arms, and media) made from silicon nitride. Commercial silicon and Si3N4 powders were milled to fine uniform particles with only minimal contamination - primarily from wear of the sintered Si3N4 media.

75 FR 11149 - Bowersock Mills and Power Company; Notice of Application Tendered for Filing With the Commission...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13526-001] Bowersock Mills...: Bowersock Mills Power Company (Bowersock). e. Name of Project: Bowersock Mills and Power Company Expanded....S.C. 791(a)-825(r). h. Applicant Contact: Sarah Hill-Nelson, The Bowersock Mills and Power Company...

Children's Rights, "die Antipadagogen," and the Paternalism of John Stuart Mill.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordenbo, Sven Erik

1987-01-01

Mill's liberty principle and the children's rights movement ("die Antipadagogen") are discussed in terms of Mill's attitude of paternalism in children's education. Mill contends that the individual liberty of children must be limited for their own good. Proponents of educational liberalism are not justified in claiming Mill as a…

Mills' ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baricz, Árpád

2008-04-01

In this paper we study the monotonicity properties of some functions involving the Mills' ratio of the standard normal law. From these we deduce some new functional inequalities involving the Mills' ratio, and we show that the Mills' ratio is strictly completely monotonic. At the end of this paper we present some Turán-type inequalities for Mills' ratio.

N-type nano-silicon powders with ultra-low electrical resistivity as anode materials in lithium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yue, Zhihao; Zhou, Lang; Jin, Chenxin; Xu, Guojun; Liu, Liekai; Tang, Hao; Li, Xiaomin; Sun, Fugen; Huang, Haibin; Yuan, Jiren

2017-06-01

N-type silicon wafers with electrical resistivity of 0.001 Ω cm were ball-milled to powders and part of them was further mechanically crushed by sand-milling to smaller particles of nano-size. Both the sand-milled and ball-milled silicon powders were, respectively, mixed with graphite powder (silicon:graphite = 5:95, weight ratio) as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Electrochemical measurements, including cycle and rate tests, present that anode using sand-milled silicon powder performed much better. The first discharge capacity of sand-milled silicon anode is 549.7 mAh/g and it is still up to 420.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Besides, the D50 of sand-milled silicon powder shows ten times smaller in particle size than that of ball-milled silicon powder, and they are 276 nm and 2.6 μm, respectively. In addition, there exist some amorphous silicon components in the sand-milled silicon powder excepting the multi-crystalline silicon, which is very different from the ball-milled silicon powder made up of multi-crystalline silicon only.

The synergistic effects of combining the high energy mechanical milling and wet milling on Si negative electrode materials for lithium ion battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Shang-Chieh; Su, Yuh-Fan; Chang, Chia-Chin; Hu, Chih-Wei; Chen, Tsan-Yao; Yang, Shun-Min; Huang, Jow-Lay

2017-05-01

The submicro-sized and nanostructured Si aggregated powder is prepared by combinational routes of high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) and wet milling. Milled Si powder is investigated by particle size analyzer, SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD as well as the control ones. Its electrode is also investigated by in situ XRD and electrochemical performance. Morphology reveals that combining the high energy mechanical milling and wet milling not only fracture primary Si particles but also form submicro-sized Si aggregates constructed by amorphous and nanocrystalline phases. Moreover, XPS shows that wet milling in ethanol trigger Sisbnd Osbnd CH2CH3 bonding on Si surface might enhance the SEI formation. In situ XRD analysis shows negative electrode made of submicro-sized Si aggregated powder can effectively suppress formation of crystalline Li15Si4 during lithiation and delithiation due to amorphous and nanocrystalline construction. Thus, the submicro-sized Si powder with synergistic effects combining the high energy mechanical milling and wet milling in ethanol as negative electrode performs better capacity retention.

Two-component end mills with multilayer composite nano-structured coatings as a viable alternative to monolithic carbide end mills

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vereschaka, Alexey; Mokritskii, Boris; Mokritskaya, Elena; Sharipov, Oleg; Oganyan, Maksim

2018-03-01

The paper deals with the challenges of the application of two-component end mills, which represent a combination of a carbide cutting part and a shank made of cheaper structural material. The calculations of strains and deformations of composite mills were carried out in comparison with solid carbide mills, with the use of the finite element method. The study also involved the comparative analysis of accuracy parameters of machining with monolithic mills and two-component mills with various shank materials. As a result of the conducted cutting tests in milling aluminum alloy with monolithic and two-component end mills with specially developed multilayer composite nano-structured coatings, it has been found that the use of such coatings can reduce strains and, correspondingly, deformations, which can improve the accuracy of machining. Thus, the application of two-component end mills with multilayer composite nano-structured coatings can provide a reduction in the cost of machining while maintaining or even improving the tool life and machining accuracy parameters.

A small indel mutation in an anthocyanin transporter causes variegated colouration of peach flowers.

PubMed

Cheng, Jun; Liao, Liao; Zhou, Hui; Gu, Chao; Wang, Lu; Han, Yuepeng

2015-12-01

The ornamental peach cultivar 'Hongbaihuatao (HBH)' can simultaneously bear pink, red, and variegated flowers on a single tree. Anthocyanin content in pink flowers is extremely low, being only 10% that of a red flower. Surprisingly, the expression of anthocyanin structural and potential regulatory genes in white flowers was not significantly lower than that in both pink and red flowers. However, proteomic analysis revealed a GST encoded by a gene-regulator involved in anthocyanin transport (Riant)-which is expressed in the red flower, but almost undetectable in the variegated flower. The Riant gene contains an insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphism in exon 3. In white flowers, the Riant gene is interrupted by a 2-bp insertion in the last exon, which causes a frameshift and a premature stop codon. In contrast, both pink and red flowers that arise from bud sports are heterozygous for the Riant locus, with one functional allele due to the 2-bp deletion or a novel 1-bp insertion. Southern blot analysis indicated that the Riant gene occurs in a single copy in the peach genome and it is not interrupted by a transposon. The function of the Riant gene was confirmed by its ectopic expression in the Arabidopsis tt19 mutant, where it complements the anthocyanin phenotype, but not the proanthocyanidin pigmentation in seed coat. Collectively,these results indicate that a small indel mutation in the Riant gene, which is not the result of a transposon insertion or excision, causes variegated colouration of peach flowers. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Mobile elements reveal small population size in the ancient ancestors of Homo sapiens.

PubMed

Huff, Chad D; Xing, Jinchuan; Rogers, Alan R; Witherspoon, David; Jorde, Lynn B

2010-02-02

The genealogies of different genetic loci vary in depth. The deeper the genealogy, the greater the chance that it will include a rare event, such as the insertion of a mobile element. Therefore, the genealogy of a region that contains a mobile element is on average older than that of the rest of the genome. In a simple demographic model, the expected time to most recent common ancestor (TMRCA) is doubled if a rare insertion is present. We test this expectation by examining single nucleotide polymorphisms around polymorphic Alu insertions from two completely sequenced human genomes. The estimated TMRCA for regions containing a polymorphic insertion is two times larger than the genomic average (P < <10(-30)), as predicted. Because genealogies that contain polymorphic mobile elements are old, they are shaped largely by the forces of ancient population history and are insensitive to recent demographic events, such as bottlenecks and expansions. Remarkably, the information in just two human DNA sequences provides substantial information about ancient human population size. By comparing the likelihood of various demographic models, we estimate that the effective population size of human ancestors living before 1.2 million years ago was 18,500, and we can reject all models where the ancient effective population size was larger than 26,000. This result implies an unusually small population for a species spread across the entire Old World, particularly in light of the effective population sizes of chimpanzees (21,000) and gorillas (25,000), which each inhabit only one part of a single continent.

A small indel mutation in an anthocyanin transporter causes variegated colouration of peach flowers

PubMed Central

Cheng, Jun; Liao, Liao; Zhou, Hui; Gu, Chao; Wang, Lu; Han, Yuepeng

2015-01-01

The ornamental peach cultivar ‘Hongbaihuatao (HBH)’ can simultaneously bear pink, red, and variegated flowers on a single tree. Anthocyanin content in pink flowers is extremely low, being only 10% that of a red flower. Surprisingly, the expression of anthocyanin structural and potential regulatory genes in white flowers was not significantly lower than that in both pink and red flowers. However, proteomic analysis revealed a GST encoded by a gene—regulator involved in anthocyanin transport (Riant)—which is expressed in the red flower, but almost undetectable in the variegated flower. The Riant gene contains an insertion-deletion (indel) polymorphism in exon 3. In white flowers, the Riant gene is interrupted by a 2-bp insertion in the last exon, which causes a frameshift and a premature stop codon. In contrast, both pink and red flowers that arise from bud sports are heterozygous for the Riant locus, with one functional allele due to the 2-bp deletion or a novel 1-bp insertion. Southern blot analysis indicated that the Riant gene occurs in a single copy in the peach genome and it is not interrupted by a transposon. The function of the Riant gene was confirmed by its ectopic expression in the Arabidopsis tt19 mutant, where it complements the anthocyanin phenotype, but not the proanthocyanidin pigmentation in seed coat. Collectively,these results indicate that a small indel mutation in the Riant gene, which is not the result of a transposon insertion or excision, causes variegated colouration of peach flowers. PMID:26357885

Mechanism of hole injection enhancement in light-emitting diodes by inserting multiple hole-reservoir layers in electron blocking layer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Yukun; Wang, Shuai; Feng, Lungang

In this study, gallium nitride (GaN) based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with single and multiple hole-reservoir layers (HRLs) inserted in the electron-blocking layer (EBL) have been investigated numerically and experimentally. According to simulation results, a better electron confinement and a higher hole injection level can be achieved by the multiple HRLs inserted in the EBL region. To further reveal the underlying mechanism of hole injection enhancement experimentally, the active regions were intentionally designed to emit photons with three different wavelengths of 440 nm, 460 nm, and 480 nm, respectively. Based on the experimental results of photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL) measurements conducted atmore » 298 K, the remarkable enhancement (148%) of PL intensities and significant increase in the decay times of the quantum wells close to p-GaN can be obtained. Therefore, the mechanism is proposed that carriers are able to reserve in the EBL region with multiple HRLs for a much longer time. Meanwhile, carriers could diffuse into the active region by tunnelling and/or thermo-electronic effect and then recombine efficiently, leading to the better carrier reservoir effect and higher hole injection in LEDs. As a result, by inserting multiple HRLs in the EBL region instead of single HRL, the experimental external quantum efficiency is enhanced by 19.8%, while the serious droop ratio is markedly suppressed from 37.0% to 27.6% at the high current injection of 100 A/cm{sup 2}.« less

Polarization preserving single mode fiber optic coupler

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, M. D.; Goss, W. C.

1982-01-01

A technique is described for fabrication of etched single mode fiber optical waveguide couplers which preserve the polarization state to within 0.0001. The coupling ratio is tunable over a broad range (0-9 percent) during fabrication. Back-coupling is less than 0.001, insertion loss is less than 1.5 dB, and coupling ratio thermal coefficient is about 1 percent per degree C.

Low cost anaerobic system for Indonesia: single baffled septic tank.

PubMed

Wibisono, G; Mathew, K; Ho, Goen

2003-01-01

The insertion of a single baffle into a laboratory septic tank to mix incoming feed with sludge has been shown to improve anaerobic degradation of the feed. This is particularly true of soluble organic matter such as glucose. Oil or cellulose fed separately does not undergo degradation. It is expected however that a balanced feed such as sewage will be better degraded.

Updates to Simulation of a Single-Element Lean-Direct Injection Combustor Using a Polyhedral Mesh Derived From Hanging-Node Elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wey, Changju Thomas; Liu, Nan-Suey

2014-01-01

This paper summarizes the procedures of inserting a thin-layer mesh to existing inviscid polyhedral mesh either with or without hanging-node elements as well as presents sample results from its applications to the numerical solution of a single-element LDI combustor using a releasable edition of the National Combustion Code (NCC).

Updates to Simulation of a Single-Element Lean-Direct Injection Combustor Using a Polyhedral Mesh Derived from Hanging-Node Elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wey, Thomas; Liu, Nan-Suey

2014-01-01

This paper summarizes the procedures of inserting a thin-layer mesh to existing inviscid polyhedral mesh either with or without hanging-node elements as well as presents sample results from its applications to the numerical solution of a single-element LDI combustor using a releasable edition of the National Combustion Code (NCC).

Arthroscopic repair of a type II SLAP lesion using a single corkscrew anchor.

PubMed

Kartus, Jüri; Perko, Mark

2002-03-01

The use of a double-looped 5-mm Corkscrew anchor (Arthrex, Naples, FL) enables the surgeon to use a single anchor to perform a secure fixation of both the anterior labrum as well as the biceps insertion in a type II SLAP lesion. The technique involves tying 1 knot through the anterior portal and a second knot through the posterior portal.

Silicon-based highly-efficient fiber-to-waveguide coupler for high index contrast systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyen, Victor; Montalbo, Trisha; Manolatou, Christina; Agarwal, Anu; Hong, Ching-yin; Yasaitis, John; Kimerling, L. C.; Michel, Jurgen

2006-02-01

A coupler to efficiently transfer broadband light from a single-mode optical fiber to a single-mode high-index contrast waveguide has been fabricated on a silicon substrate. We utilized a novel coupling scheme, with a vertically asymmetric design consisting of a stepwise parabolic graded index profile combined with a horizontal taper, to simultaneously confine light in both directions. Coupling efficiency has been measured as a function of the device dimensions. The optimal coupling efficiency is achieved for structures whose length equals the focal distance of the graded index and whose input width is close to the mode field diameter of the fiber. The fabricated structure is compact, robust and highly efficient, with an insertion loss of 2.2dB at 1550nm. The coupler exhibits less than 1dB variation in coupling efficiency in the measured spectral range from 1520nmto1620nm. The lowest insertion loss of 1.9dB is measured at 1540nm. The coupler design offers highly efficient coupling for single mode waveguides of core indices up to 2.2.

Precision-engineering the Pseudomonas aeruginosa genome with two-step allelic exchange

PubMed Central

Hmelo, Laura R.; Borlee, Bradley R.; Almblad, Henrik; Love, Michelle E.; Randall, Trevor E.; Tseng, Boo Shan; Lin, Chuyang; Irie, Yasuhiko; Storek, Kelly M.; Yang, Jaeun Jane; Siehnel, Richard J.; Howell, P. Lynne; Singh, Pradeep K.; Tolker-Nielsen, Tim; Parsek, Matthew R.; Schweizer, Herbert P.; Harrison, Joe J.

2016-01-01

Allelic exchange is an efficient method of bacterial genome engineering. This protocol describes the use of this technique to make gene knockouts and knockins, as well as single nucleotide insertions, deletions and substitutions in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Unlike other approaches to allelic exchange, this protocol does not require heterologous recombinases to insert or excise selective markers from the target chromosome. Rather, positive and negative selection are enabled solely by suicide vector-encoded functions and host cell proteins. Here, mutant alleles, which are flanked by regions of homology to the recipient chromosome, are synthesized in vitro and then cloned into allelic exchange vectors using standard procedures. These suicide vectors are then introduced into recipient cells by conjugation. Homologous recombination then results in antibiotic resistant single-crossover mutants in which the plasmid has integrated site-specifically into the chromosome. Subsequently, unmarked double-crossover mutants are isolated directly using sucrose-mediated counter-selection. This two-step process yields seamless mutations that are precise to a single base pair of DNA. The entire procedure requires ~2 weeks. PMID:26492139

Discrete element method based scale-up model for material synthesis using ball milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santhanam, Priya Radhi

Mechanical milling is a widely used technique for powder processing in various areas. In this work, a scale-up model for describing this ball milling process is developed. The thesis is a combination of experimental and modeling efforts. Initially, Discrete Element Model (DEM) is used to describe energy transfer from milling tools to the milled powder for shaker, planetary, and attritor mills. The rolling and static friction coefficients are determined experimentally. Computations predict a quasisteady rate of energy dissipation, E d, for each experimental configuration. It is proposed that the milling dose defined as a product of Ed and milling time, t, divided by the mass of milled powder, mp characterizes the milling progress independently of the milling device or milling conditions used. Once the milling dose is determined for one experimental configuration, it can be used to predict the milling time required to prepare the same material in any milling configuration, for which Ed is calculated. The concept is validated experimentally for DEM describing planetary and shaker mills. For attritor, the predicted Ed includes substantial contribution from milling tool interaction events with abnormally high forces (>103 N). The energy in such events is likely dissipated to heat or plastically deform milling tools rather than refine material. Indeed, DEM predictions for the attritor correlate with experiments when such events are ignored in the analysis. With an objective of obtaining real-time indicators of milling progress, power, torque, and rotation speed of the impeller of an attritor mill are measured during preparation of metal matrix composite powders in the subsequent portion of this thesis. Two material systems are selected and comparisons made between in-situ parameters and experimental milling progress indicators. It is established that real-time measurements can certainly be used to describe milling progress. However, they need to be interpreted carefully depending on hardness of brittle component relative to milling media. To improve the DEM model of the attritor mill, it is desired to avoid the removal of unrealistic, high-force events using an approach that would not predict such events in the first place. It is observed that during experiments in attritor, balls may jam causing an increased resistance to the impeller's rotation. The impeller may instantaneously slow down, quickly returning to its pre-set rotation rate. Previous DEM models did not account for such rapid changes in the impeller's rotation. In this work, this relationship between impeller's torque and rotation rate is obtained experimentally and introduced in DEM. As a result, predicted Ed, are shown to correlate well with the experimental data. Finally, a methodology is proposed combining an experiment and its DEM description enabling one to identify the appropriate interaction parameters for powder systems. The experiment uses a miniature vibrating hopper and can be applied to characterize the powder flow for variety of materials. The hopper is designed to hold up to 20,000 particles of 50-mum diameter, which can be directly described in DEM. Based on comparison of discharge rate from experiments and model, all 6 interaction parameters were analyzed and the ideal conditions identified for Zirconia beads. The values of these parameters for powders are generally not the same as those established for macroscopic bodies. In addition, effects of some other experimental parameters such as particle size distribution and amplitude of vibration are also investigated.

Zinc-finger nuclease-mediated targeted insertion of reporter genes for quantitative imaging of gene expression in sea urchin embryos

PubMed Central

Ochiai, Hiroshi; Sakamoto, Naoaki; Fujita, Kazumasa; Nishikawa, Masatoshi; Suzuki, Ken-ichi; Matsuura, Shinya; Miyamoto, Tatsuo; Sakuma, Tetsushi; Shibata, Tatsuo; Yamamoto, Takashi

2012-01-01

To understand complex biological systems, such as the development of multicellular organisms, it is important to characterize the gene expression dynamics. However, there is currently no universal technique for targeted insertion of reporter genes and quantitative imaging in multicellular model systems. Recently, genome editing using zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs) has been reported in several models. ZFNs consist of a zinc-finger DNA-binding array with the nuclease domain of the restriction enzyme FokI and facilitate targeted transgene insertion. In this study, we successfully inserted a GFP reporter cassette into the HpEts1 gene locus of the sea urchin, Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus. We achieved this insertion by injecting eggs with a pair of ZFNs for HpEts1 with a targeting donor construct that contained ∼1-kb homology arms and a 2A-histone H2B–GFP cassette. We increased the efficiency of the ZFN-mediated targeted transgene insertion by in situ linearization of the targeting donor construct and cointroduction of an mRNA for a dominant-negative form of HpLig4, which encodes the H. pulcherrimus homolog of DNA ligase IV required for error-prone nonhomologous end joining. We measured the fluorescence intensity of GFP at the single-cell level in living embryos during development and found that there was variation in HpEts1 expression among the primary mesenchyme cells. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of ZFN-mediated targeted transgene insertion to enable quantification of the expression levels of endogenous genes during development in living sea urchin embryos. PMID:22711830

Anterior transarticular C1-C2 fixation with contralateral screw insertion: a report of two cases and technical note.

PubMed

Lvov, Ivan; Grin, Andrey; Kaykov, Aleksandr; Smirnov, Vladimir; Krylov, Vladimir

2017-08-08

Anterior transarticular fixation of the C1-C2 vertebrae is a well-known technique that involves screw insertion through the body of the C2 vertebra into the lateral masses of the atlas through an anterior transcervical approach. Meanwhile, contralateral screw insertion has been previously described only in anatomical studies. We describe two case reports of the clinical application of this new technique. In Case 1, the patient was diagnosed with an unstable C1 fracture. The clinical features of the case did not allow for any type of posterior atlantoaxial fusion, Halo immobilization, or routine anterior fixation using the Reindl and Koller techniques. The possible manner of screw insertion into the anterior third of the right lateral mass was via a contralateral trajectory, which was performed in this case. Case 2 involved a patient with neglected posteriorly dislocated dens fracture who could not lie in the prone position due to concomitant cardiac pathology. Reduction of atlantoaxial dislocation was insufficient, even after scar tissue resection at the fracture, while transdental fusion was not possible. Considering the success of the previous case, atlantoaxial fixation was performed through the small approach, using the Reindl technique and contralateral screw insertion. These two cases demonstrate the potential of anterior transarticular fixation of C1-C2 vertebrae in cases where posterior atlantoaxial fusion is not achievable. This type of fixation can be performed through a single approach if one screw is inserted using the Reindl technique and another is inserted via a contralateral trajectory.

The Hairless Stem Phenotype of Cotton (Gossypium barbadense) Is Linked to a Copia-Like Retrotransposon Insertion in a Homeodomain-Leucine Zipper Gene (HD1)

PubMed Central

Ding, Mingquan; Ye, Wuwei; Lin, Lifeng; He, Shae; Du, Xiongming; Chen, Aiqun; Cao, Yuefen; Qin, Yuan; Yang, Fen; Jiang, Yurong; Zhang, Hua; Wang, Xiyin; Paterson, Andrew H.; Rong, Junkang

2015-01-01

Cotton (Gossypium) stem trichomes are mostly single cells that arise from stem epidermal cells. In this study, a homeodomain-leucine zipper gene (HD1) was found to cosegregate with the dominant trichome locus previously designated as T1 and mapped to chromosome 6. Characterization of HD1 orthologs revealed that the absence of stem trichomes in modern Gossypium barbadense varieties is linked to a large retrotransposon insertion in the ninth exon, 2565 bp downstream from the initial codon in the At subgenome HD1 gene (At-GbHD1). In both the At and Dt subgenomes, reduced transcription of GbHD1 genes is caused by this insertion. The disruption of At-HD1 further affects the expression of downstream GbMYB25 and GbHOX3 genes. Analyses of primitive cultivated accessions identified another retrotransposon insertion event in the sixth exon of At-GbHD1 that might predate the previously identified retrotransposon in modern varieties. Although both retrotransposon insertions results in similar phenotypic changes, the timing of these two retrotransposon insertion events fits well with our current understanding of the history of cotton speciation and dispersal. Taken together, the results of genetics mapping, gene expression and association analyses suggest that GbHD1 is an important component that controls stem trichome development and is a promising candidate gene for the T1 locus. The interspecific phenotypic difference in stem trichome traits also may be attributable to HD1 inactivation associated with retrotransposon insertion. PMID:26133897

Lateral Intercondylar Ridge: Is it a reliable landmark for femoral ACL insertion?: An anatomical study.

PubMed

Bhattacharyya, Rahul; Ker, Andrew; Fogg, Quentin; Spencer, Simon J; Joseph, Jibu

2018-02-01

Incorrect femoral tunnel placement is the most common cause of graft failure during Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Reconstruction. A reliable landmark can minimize errors. To identify whether the Lateral Intercondylar Ridge (LIR) is a consistent anatomical structure and define its relationship with the femoral ACL insertion. Phase 1: we studied 23 femoral dry bone specimens macroscopically. Using a digital microscribe, the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle was reconstructed (3D) to evaluate whether there was an identifiable bony ridge. Phase 2: 7 cadaveric specimens with intact soft tissues were dissected to identify the femoral ACL insertion. A 3D reconstruction of the femoral ACL insertion and the surface allowed us to define the relationship between the LIR and the ACL insertion. All specimens had a defined LIR on the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle. The ridge was consistently located just anterior to the femoral ACL insertion. The ACL footprint was present in the depression between the ridge and the Inferior Articular Cartilage Margin (IACM). The mean distance from the midpoint of the IACM to the LIR was 10.1 mm. This is the first study to use the microscribe to digitally reconstruct the medial surface of the lateral femoral condyle. It shows that the LIR is a consistent anatomical structure that defines the anterior margin of the femoral ACL insertion, which guides femoral tunnel placement. Our findings support the ruler technique, which is a commonly used method for anatomic single bundle ACL reconstruction. Crown Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A dynamic scheduling algorithm for singe-arm two-cluster tools with flexible processing times

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xin; Fung, Richard Y. K.

2018-02-01

This article presents a dynamic algorithm for job scheduling in two-cluster tools producing multi-type wafers with flexible processing times. Flexible processing times mean that the actual times for processing wafers should be within given time intervals. The objective of the work is to minimize the completion time of the newly inserted wafer. To deal with this issue, a two-cluster tool is decomposed into three reduced single-cluster tools (RCTs) in a series based on a decomposition approach proposed in this article. For each single-cluster tool, a dynamic scheduling algorithm based on temporal constraints is developed to schedule the newly inserted wafer. Three experiments have been carried out to test the dynamic scheduling algorithm proposed, comparing with the results the 'earliest starting time' heuristic (EST) adopted in previous literature. The results show that the dynamic algorithm proposed in this article is effective and practical.

System and method of forming nanostructured ferritic alloy

DOEpatents

Dial, Laura Cerully; DiDomizio, Richard; Alinger, Matthew Joseph; Huang, Shenyan

2016-07-26

A system for mechanical milling and a method of mechanical milling are disclosed. The system includes a container, a feedstock, and milling media. The container encloses a processing volume. The feedstock and the milling media are disposed in the processing volume of the container. The feedstock includes metal or alloy powder and a ceramic compound. The feedstock is mechanically milled in the processing volume using metallic milling media that includes a surface portion that has a carbon content less than about 0.4 weight percent.

Effect of milling time on microstructure and properties of Nano-titanium polymer by high-energy ball milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Bo; Wei, Shicheng; Wang, Yujiang; Liang, Yi; Guo, Lei; Xue, Junfeng; Pan, Fusheng; Tang, Aitao; Chen, Xianhua; Xu, Binshi

2018-03-01

Nano-titanium (Nano-Ti) was prepared by high-energy ball milling from pure Ti power and grinding agents (Epoxy resin) at room temperature. The effect of milling time on structure and properties of Nano-Ti polymer were investigated systematically. The results show that high-energy ball milling is an effective way to produce Nano-Ti polymer. The dispersion stability and compatibility between Ti power and grinding agents are improved by prolonging the milling time at a certain degree, that is to say, the optimization milling time is 240 min. The particle size of Ti powder and the diffraction peaks intensity of Ti decrease obviously as the milling time increases due to the compression stress, shear friction and other mechanical forces are formed during ball milling. FT-IR result displays that the wavenumber of all the bands move to lower wavenumber after ball milling, and the epoxy ring is open. The system internal energy rises owing to the broken epoxy group and much more Nano-Ti is formed to promote the grafting reaction between Nano-Ti and epoxy resin. The results from TEM and XPS also prove that. And the grafting ration is maximum as the milling time is 240 min, the mass loss ratio is 17.53%.

Roll compaction/dry granulation: comparison between roll mill and oscillating granulator in dry granulation.

PubMed

Sakwanichol, Jarunee; Puttipipatkhachorn, Satit; Ingenerf, Gernot; Kleinebudde, Peter

2012-01-01

Different experimental factorial designs were employed to evaluate granule properties obtained from oscillating granulator and roll mill. Four oscillating-granulator parameters were varied, i.e. rotor speed, oscillating angle, aperture of mesh screen and rotor type. Six roll-mill parameters that were throughput, speed ratio in both first and second stages, gap between roll pair in both stages and roll-surface texture were also investigated. Afterwards, the granule properties obtained from two milling types with similar median particle size were compared. All milling parameters in both milling types affected significantly the median particle size, size distribution and amount of fine particles (P < 0.05), except the rotor types of oscillating granulator on fines. Only three milling parameters influenced significantly the flowability (P < 0.05). These were the throughput and the gap size in the first stage of roll mill and the sieve size of oscillating granulator. In comparison between milling types, the differences of granule properties were not practically relevant. However, the roll mill had much higher capacity than the oscillating granulator about seven times, resulting in improving energy savings per unit of product. Consequently, the roll mill can be applied instead of oscillating granulator for roll compaction/dry granulation technique.

Synthesis of Nano-Size AlN Powders by Carbothermal Reduction from Plasma-Assisted Ball Milling Precursor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Zhijie; Wang, Wenchun; Yang, Dezheng; Wang, Sen; Dai, Leyang

2016-07-01

Nano-size aluminum nitride (AlN) powders have been successfully synthesized with a high efficiency method through annealing from milling assisted by discharge plasma (p-milling) alumina (Al2O3) precursors. The characterization of the p-milling Al2O3 powders and the synthesized AlN are investigated. Compared to conventional ball milling (c-milling), it can be found that the precursors by p-milling have a finer grain size with a higher specific surface area, which lead to a faster reaction efficiency and higher conversion to AlN at lower temperatures. The activation energy of p-milling Al2O3 is found to be 371.5 kJ/mol, a value that is much less than the reported value of the unmilled and the conventional milled Al2O3. Meanwhile, the synthesized AlN powders have unique features, such as an irregular lamp-like morphology with uniform particle distribution and fine average particle size. The results are attributed to the unique synergistic effect of p-milling, which is the effect of deformation, fracture, and cold welding of Al2O3 powders resulting from ball milling, that will be enhanced due to the introduction of discharge plasma. supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51177008)

40 CFR 63.1347 - Standards for raw and finish mills.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Standards for raw and finish mills. 63... and Operating Limits § 63.1347 Standards for raw and finish mills. The owner or operator of each new or existing raw mill or finish mill at a facility which is a major source subject to the provisions...

Validation of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator

Treesearch

Edward R. Thomas; Urs Buehlmann

2002-01-01

The USDA Forest Service's ROMI-RIP rough mill rip-first simulation program is a popular tool for analyzing rough mill conditions, determining more efficient rough mill practices, and finding optimal lumber board cut-up patterns. However, until now, the results generated by ROMI-RIP have not been rigorously compared to those of an actual rough mill. Validating the...

10. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM EAST, c. 191928. ADDITION TO ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM EAST, c. 1919-28. ADDITION TO THE EAST END OF MILLING FLOOR VISIBLE WITH TRAM ENTRY DOOR. ALSO SEEN ARE THE ADDITIONS FOR MILL SOLUTION TANKS AND THE EAST SIDE OF SAMPLING ROOMS. CREDIT JW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD

Retention Load of Telescopic Crowns with Different Taper Angles between Cobalt-Chromium and Polyetheretherketone Made with Three Different Manufacturing Processes Examined by Pull-Off Test.

PubMed

Wagner, Christina; Stock, Veronika; Merk, Susanne; Schmidlin, Patrick R; Roos, Malgorzata; Eichberger, Marlis; Stawarczyk, Bogna

2018-02-01

To investigate the retention loads of differently fabricated secondary telescopic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns on cobalt-chromium primary crowns with different tapers. Cobalt-chromium primary crowns with 0°, 1°, and 2° tapers were constructed, milled, and sintered. Corresponding secondary crowns were fabricated by milling, pressing from pellets, and pressing from granules. For these nine test groups, the pull-off tests of each crown combination were performed 20 times, and the retention loads were measured (Zwick 1445, 50 mm/min). Data were analyzed using linear regression, covariance analysis, mixed models, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U-test, together with the Benferroni-Holm correction. The mixed models covariance analysis reinforced stable retention load values (p = 0.162) for each single test sequence. There was no interaction between the groups and the separation cycles (p = 0.179). Milled secondary crowns with 0° showed the lowest mean retention load values compared to all tested groups (p = 0.003) followed by those pressed form pellets with 1°. Regarding the different tapers, no effect of manufacturing method on the results was observed within 1° and 2° groups (p = 0.540; p = 0.052); however, among the 0° groups, the milled ones showed significantly the lowest retention load values (p = 0.002). Among the manufacturing methods, both pressed groups showed no impact of taper on the retention load values (p > 0.324 and p > 0.123, respectively), whereas among the milled secondary crowns, the 0° taper showed significantly lower retention load values than the 1° and 2° taper (p < 0.002). Based on these results, telescopic crowns made of PEEK seem to show stable retention load values for each test sequence; however, data with thermo-mechanical aging are still required. In addition, further developments in CAD/CAM manufacturing of PEEK materials for telescopic crowns are warranted, especially for 0°. © 2016 by the American College of Prosthodontists.

Phase transitions in Yang-Mills theories and their gravity duals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marsano, Joseph Daniel

This thesis is a study of the thermal phase structure of systems that admit dual gauge theory and string theory descriptions. In a pair of examples, we explore the connection between perturbative Yang-Mills and gravitational thermodynamics which arises from the fact that these descriptions probe different corners of a single phase diagram. The structure that emerges from a detailed study of these isolated regions generally suggests a natural conjecture how they may be connected to one another within the full phase diagram. This permits the identification of interesting phenomena in the gauge and gravity regimes under a continuous change in parameters. We begin by studying the AdS5/CFT 4 system which, when the supergravity description is valid, exhibits a first order Hawking-Page phase transition as a function of temperature from a thermal gas of gravitons to a large black hole. In the perturbative Yang-Mills regime, we find that the free theory exhibits a weakly first order deconfinement transition whose precise nature at small nonzero coupling depends on the result of a nontrivial perturbative computation. It is conjectured that this deconfinement transition is continuously connected in the full phase diagram to the Hawking-Page transition at strong coupling, with the confined phase identified with the graviton gas and the deconfined phase identified with the black hole. We then turn to the study of Gregory-Laflamme (GL) black hole/black string transitions in supergravity and their realization in a setup that admits a dual description via the maximally supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory on T2. The thermodynamics of Yang-Mills theories on low dimensional tori is studied in detail revealing an intricate structure of which the GL transition at strong coupling is a small piece. We are led to conjecture that GL physics is continuously connected to deconfinement in maximally supersymmetric 0 + 1-dimensional gauged matrix quantum mechanics. This identification will then permit us to probe GL transitions from the gauge theory point of view and comment on some puzzles regarding their precise nature.

Marginal adaptation and CAD-CAM technology: A systematic review of restorative material and fabrication techniques.

PubMed

Papadiochou, Sofia; Pissiotis, Argirios L

2018-04-01

The comparative assessment of computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) technology and other fabrication techniques pertaining to marginal adaptation should be documented. Limited evidence exists on the effect of restorative material on the performance of a CAD-CAM system relative to marginal adaptation. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate whether the marginal adaptation of CAD-CAM single crowns, fixed dental prostheses, and implant-retained fixed dental prostheses or their infrastructures differs from that obtained by other fabrication techniques using a similar restorative material and whether it depends on the type of restorative material. An electronic search of English-language literature published between January 1, 2000, and June 30, 2016, was conducted of the Medline/PubMed database. Of the 55 included comparative studies, 28 compared CAD-CAM technology with conventional fabrication techniques, 12 contrasted CAD-CAM technology and copy milling, 4 compared CAD-CAM milling with direct metal laser sintering (DMLS), and 22 investigated the performance of a CAD-CAM system regarding marginal adaptation in restorations/infrastructures produced with different restorative materials. Most of the CAD-CAM restorations/infrastructures were within the clinically acceptable marginal discrepancy (MD) range. The performance of a CAD-CAM system relative to marginal adaptation is influenced by the restorative material. Compared with CAD-CAM, most of the heat-pressed lithium disilicate crowns displayed equal or smaller MD values. Slip-casting crowns exhibited similar or better marginal accuracy than those fabricated with CAD-CAM. Cobalt-chromium and titanium implant infrastructures produced using a CAD-CAM system elicited smaller MD values than zirconia. The majority of cobalt-chromium restorations/infrastructures produced by DMLS displayed better marginal accuracy than those fabricated with the casting technique. Compared with copy milling, the majority of zirconia restorations/infrastructures produced by CAD-CAM milling exhibited better marginal adaptation. No clear conclusions can be drawn about the superiority of CAD-CAM milling over the casting technique and DMLS regarding marginal adaptation. Copyright © 2017 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

15. STONE BURR MILL PROBABLY USED FOR GRINDING FEED. ONLY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. STONE BURR MILL PROBABLY USED FOR GRINDING FEED. ONLY REMAINING MILL MACHINERY William E. Barrett, photographer, 1973 - Thomas Shepherd's Grist Mill, High Street Vicinity, Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, WV

Composition and phase analysis of nanocrystalline Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19} (x = 1.0; 0.6; and 0.4) by using general structure analysis system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gunanto, Y. E., E-mail: yohanes.gunanto@uph.edu; Jobiliong, E., E-mail: eric.jobiliong@uph.edu; Adi, Wisnu Ari, E-mail: dwisnuaa@batan.go.id

2016-03-11

Single phase of nanocrystalline Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19} (x = 1.0; 0.6; and 0.4) was successfully synthesized by mechanical milling method and thermal process. Stoichiometric quantities of analytical-grade SrCO{sub 3}, BaCO{sub 3}, and Fe{sub 2}O{sub 3}, were mixed and milled using a high-energy milling. The mixture of all precursors was sintered at a temperature of 1000 °C for 10 hours. The refinement of x-ray diffraction trace for all samples confirmed a single phase material with a hexagonal structure. The increase of the amount of strontium content in the barium atoms in the Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19} system canmore » decrease the lattice parameter which have been successfully substituted into the barium atoms. The calculation result of cationic distribution showed that the Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19} (x = 0.6) and (x = 0.4) samples have nominal composition of Ba{sub 0,61}Sr{sub 0,39}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19} and Ba{sub 0,37}Sr{sub 0,63}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19}, respectively. Results of the mean of crystallite size evaluation for respective powder materials showed that the Ba{sub x}Sr{sub 1-x}Fe{sub 12}O{sub 19} (x = 1.0; 0.6; and 0.4) samples have the crystallite size of 22 nm, 25 nm and 34 nm, respectively. We concluded that the cationic distribution of barium atoms was successfully substituted by strontium atoms approaching the nominal stoichiometric composition.« less

41. PHOTOCOPY OF HISTORIC SURVEY OF INDIANA COTTON MILLS, CANNELTON, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

41. PHOTOCOPY OF HISTORIC SURVEY OF INDIANA COTTON MILLS, CANNELTON, INDIANA, SHOWING LOCATION OF ALL STRUCTURES IN THE CANNELTON MILL COMPLEX - Cannelton Cotton Mill, Front & Fourth Streets, Cannelton, Perry County, IN

INTERIOR OF SECOND FLOOR BRIDGE BETWEEN PLANING MILL AND CAR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF SECOND FLOOR BRIDGE BETWEEN PLANING MILL AND CAR MACHINE SHOP, LOOKING SOUTH TOWARD PLANING MILL. - Southern Pacific, Sacramento Shops, Planing Mill, 111 I Street, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA

Dynamic Testing of Signal Transduction Deregulation During Breast Cancer Initiation

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

1 at a chamber pressure of ~3 × 10-6 Torr for the electron beam evaporated films. A Hitachi FB2100 Focused Ion Beam milling machine with a gallium ...immobilization. These include physical absorption, layer-by-layer (LBL) assembly, and covalent attachment, and eventually chose the covalent attachment...testing real-time signaling in live breast cancer cells, it is important to evaluate the nanosensors to monitor fluorescent compounds in single

Evaluation of End Mill Coatings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

L. J. Lazarus; R. L. Hester,

2005-08-01

Milling tests were run on families of High Speed Steel (HSS) end mills to determine their lives while machining 304 Stainless Steel. The end mills tested were made from M7, M42 and T15-CPM High Speed Steels. The end mills were also evaluated with no coatings as well as with Titanium Nitride (TiN) and Titanium Carbo-Nitride (TiCN) coatings to determine which combination of HSS and coating provided the highest increase in end mill life while increasing the cost of the tool the least. We found end mill made from M42 gave us the largest increase in tool life with the leastmore » increase in cost. The results of this study will be used by Cutting Tool Engineering in determining which end mill descriptions will be dropped from our tool catalog.« less

Powder properties of hydrogenated ball-milled graphite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Y., E-mail: y.zhang062012@gmail.com; Wedderburn, J.; Harris, R.

2014-12-15

Ball milling is an effective way of producing defective and nanostructured graphite. In this work, the hydrogen storage properties of graphite, ball-milled in a tungsten carbide milling pot under 3 bar hydrogen for various times (0–40 h), were investigated by TGA-Mass Spectrometry, XRD, SEM and laser diffraction particle size analysis. For the conditions used in this study, 10 h is the optimum milling time resulting in desorption of 5.5 wt% hydrogen upon heating under argon to 990 °C. After milling for 40 h, the graphite became significantly more disordered, and the amount of desorbed hydrogen decreased. After milling up tomore » 10 h, the BET surface area increased while particle size decreased; however, there is no apparent correlation between these parameters, and the hydrogen storage properties of the hydrogenated ball-milled graphite.« less

Comparison of outcomes after single or DOUBLE-CUFF artificial urinary sphincter insertion.

PubMed

O'Connor, R Corey; Gerber, Glenn S; Avila, Desiderio; Chen, Andrew A; Bales, Gregory T

2003-10-01

To assess the effectiveness and complications associated with single and double-cuff artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation for postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence. A retrospective study of 56 men with postprostatectomy stress urinary incontinence who underwent either single (28 patients) or double (28 patients) cuff AUS placement was performed. Patients in each cohort were matched on the basis of preoperative pad use, risk factors for complications, and age. Patient selection was blinded relative to outcome. Continence, quality of life, and complications were assessed using the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire Short Form (IIQ-7), postoperative pad use, and chart review. The mean age was 67 years for each group. Daily pad use decreased from 7.7 to 1.1 in patients treated with a single-cuff AUS and from 7.8 to 0.7 in patients with a double-cuff AUS (P = 0.25). Complete continence (0 pads daily) was reported in 3 (11%) of 28 men with single-cuff and 12 (43%) of 28 men with double-cuff sphincters (P = 0.008). The IIQ-7 scores improved from 14.8 to 3.1 after single-cuff placement and from 16.3 to 2.5 after double-cuff placement (P = 0.03). With an average follow-up of 41.3 and 21.2 months for the single and double-cuff cohorts, respectively, five complications were reported in the single-cuff recipients and four in the double-cuff patients. A significantly greater rate of complete continence and improvement in the IIQ-7 were seen in men with double-cuff AUS compared with single-cuff devices. Additional study is needed to confirm the relative advantages of double-cuff insertion.

Evaluation of single port access gastropexy and ovariectomy using articulating instruments and angled telescopes in dogs.

PubMed

Runge, Jeffrey J; Mayhew, Philipp D

2013-10-01

To describe in dogs, a technique for single port access gastropexy and ovariectomy (SPAGO) using a commercially available multitrocar port and to evaluate short-term outcome. Retrospective case series. Dogs (n = 18). A commercially available multitrocar port was inserted into the abdomen lateral to the rectus abdominis muscle and 2-5 cm caudal to the right rib. Dogs were tilted 45° in both left and right recumbency and bilateral ovariectomy performed using articulating graspers, a bipolar vessel sealing device and a 30° telescope. The laparoscopic assisted incisional gastropexy was performed after ovariectomy at the multitrocar port insertion site by grasping the antral portion of the stomach with a 10 mm DuVall forceps and suturing the seromuscular layer of the antral region of the stomach to the transversus abdominis muscle. Eighteen dogs (median weight, 34.5 kg; range, 14.7-59.2 kg) met the inclusion criteria. Median surgical time for SPAGO was 65 minutes (range, 50-225 minutes). Intra-operative complications included, incorrect multitrocar port placement location (n = 3) and mild hemorrhage from a splenic laceration (1) All dogs recovered from surgery and were discharged from the hospital. Single port access gastropexy and ovariectomy is a feasible procedure to provide prophylaxis against gastric dilation-volvulus and a simultaneous means of sterilization in female dogs. Careful and accurate initial multitrocar port insertion is necessary to have optimal operative viewing as well as to reduce the chances of inadvertent splenic laceration. © Copyright 2013 by The American College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Inactivation of SAM-Methyltransferase is the Mechanism of Attenuation of a Historic Louse Borne Typhus Vaccine Strain

PubMed Central

Liu, Yan; Wu, Bin; Weinstock, George; Walker, David H.; Yu, Xue-jie

2014-01-01

Louse borne typhus (also called epidemic typhus) was one of man's major scourges, and epidemics of the disease can be reignited when social, economic, or political systems are disrupted. The fear of a bioterrorist attack using the etiologic agent of typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, was a reality. An attenuated typhus vaccine, R. prowazekii Madrid E strain, was observed to revert to virulence as demonstrated by isolation of the virulent revertant Evir strain from animals which were inoculated with Madrid E strain. The mechanism of the mutation in R. prowazekii that affects the virulence of the vaccine was not known. We sequenced the genome of the virulent revertant Evir strain and compared its genome sequence with the genome sequences of its parental strain, Madrid E. We found that only a single nucleotide in the entire genome was different between the vaccine strain Madrid E and its virulent revertant strain Evir. The mutation is a single nucleotide insertion in the methyltransferase gene (also known as PR028) in the vaccine strain that inactivated the gene. We also confirmed that the vaccine strain E did not cause fever in guinea pigs and the virulent revertant strain Evir caused fever in guinea pigs. We concluded that a single nucleotide insertion in the methyltransferase gene of R. prowazekii attenuated the R. prowazekii vaccine strain E. This suggested that an irreversible insertion or deletion mutation in the methyl transferase gene of R. prowazekii is required for Madrid E to be considered a safe vaccine. PMID:25412248

Inactivation of SAM-methyltransferase is the mechanism of attenuation of a historic louse borne typhus vaccine strain.

PubMed

Liu, Yan; Wu, Bin; Weinstock, George; Walker, David H; Yu, Xue-Jie

2014-01-01

Louse borne typhus (also called epidemic typhus) was one of man's major scourges, and epidemics of the disease can be reignited when social, economic, or political systems are disrupted. The fear of a bioterrorist attack using the etiologic agent of typhus, Rickettsia prowazekii, was a reality. An attenuated typhus vaccine, R. prowazekii Madrid E strain, was observed to revert to virulence as demonstrated by isolation of the virulent revertant Evir strain from animals which were inoculated with Madrid E strain. The mechanism of the mutation in R. prowazekii that affects the virulence of the vaccine was not known. We sequenced the genome of the virulent revertant Evir strain and compared its genome sequence with the genome sequences of its parental strain, Madrid E. We found that only a single nucleotide in the entire genome was different between the vaccine strain Madrid E and its virulent revertant strain Evir. The mutation is a single nucleotide insertion in the methyltransferase gene (also known as PR028) in the vaccine strain that inactivated the gene. We also confirmed that the vaccine strain E did not cause fever in guinea pigs and the virulent revertant strain Evir caused fever in guinea pigs. We concluded that a single nucleotide insertion in the methyltransferase gene of R. prowazekii attenuated the R. prowazekii vaccine strain E. This suggested that an irreversible insertion or deletion mutation in the methyl transferase gene of R. prowazekii is required for Madrid E to be considered a safe vaccine.

Probing Sub-atomistic Free-Volume Imperfections in Dry-Milled Nanoarsenicals with PAL Spectroscopy.

PubMed

Shpotyuk, Oleh; Ingram, Adam; Bujňáková, Zdenka; Baláž, Peter; Shpotyuk, Yaroslav

2016-12-01

Structural transformations caused by coarse-grained powdering and fine-grained mechanochemical milling in a dry mode were probed in high-temperature modification of tetra-arsenic tetra-sulfide known as β-As4S4. In respect to X-ray diffraction analysis, the characteristic sizes of β-As4S4 crystallites in these coarse- and fine-grained powdered pellets were 90 and 40 nm, respectively. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy was employed to characterize transformations occurred in free-volume structure of these nanoarsenicals. Experimentally measured positron lifetime spectra were parameterized in respect to three- or two-term fitting procedures and respectively compared with those accumulated for single crystalline realgar α-As4S4 polymorph. The effect of coarse-grained powdering was found to result in generation of large amount of positron and positronium Ps trapping sites inside arsenicals in addition to existing ones. In fine-grained powdered β-As4S4 pellets, the positron trapping sites with characteristic free volumes close to bi- and tri-atomic vacancies were evidently dominated. These defects were supposed to originate from grain boundary regions and interfacial free volumes near aggregated β-As4S4 crystallites. Thus, the cumulative production of different positron traps with lifetimes close to defect-related lifetimes in realgar α-As4S4 polymorph was detected in fine-grained milled samples.

Precision of Fit of Titanium and Cast Implant Frameworks Using a New Matching Formula

PubMed Central

Sierraalta, Marianella; Vivas, Jose L.; Razzoog, Michael E.; Wang, Rui-Feng

2012-01-01

Statement of the Problem. Fit of prosthodontic frameworks is linked to the lifetime survival of dental implants and maintenance of surrounding bone. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the precision of fit of milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks to that of conventional cast frameworks. Material and Methods. Fifteen casts fabricated from a single edentulous CAD/CAM surgical guide were separated in two groups and resin patterns simulating the framework for a fixed complete denture developed. Five casts were sent to dental laboratories to invest, cast in a Palladium-Gold alloy and fit the framework. Ten casts had the resin pattern scanned for fabrication of milled bars in Titanium. Using measuring software, positions of implant replicas in the definitive model were recorded. The three dimensional spatial orientation of each implant replica was matched to the implant replica. Results. Results demonstrated the mean vertical gap of the Cast framework was 0.021 (+0.004) mm and 0.012 (0.002) mm determined by fixed and unfixed best-fit matching coordinate system. For Titanium frameworks they were 0.0037 (+0.0028) mm and 0.0024 (+0.0005) mm, respectively. Conclusions. Milled one-piece Titanium fixed complete denture frameworks provided a more accurate precision of fit then traditional cast frameworks. PMID:22550486

Facial asymmetry and clinical manifestations in patients with novel insertion of the TCOF1 gene.

PubMed

Su, P-H; Liu, Y-F; Yu, J-S; Chen, J-Y; Chen, S-J; Lai, Y-J

2012-11-01

This study explored the role of TCOF1 insertion mutations in Taiwanese patients with craniofacial anomalies. Twelve patients with single or multiple, asymmetrical congenital craniofacial anomalies were enrolled. Genomic DNA was prepared from leukocytes; the coding regions of TCOF1 were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing. Clinical manifestations were correlated to the TCOF1 mutation. Six of 12 patients diagnosed with hemifacial microsomia exhibited a novel insertion mutation 4127 ins G (frameshift) in exon 24 in the TCOF1 gene. All six patients were diagnosed with anomalies on the left side. In addition, four of these six patients had hearing impairment; three had other major anomalies; and two had developmental delay. The insertion caused a frameshift, an early truncation, the loss of two putative nuclear localization signals (residues 1404-1420 and 1424-1440), and the loss of coiled coil domain (1406-1426) in treacle protein. These findings support the existence of two regulators of growth of the mandibular condyles. © 2011 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Instrumented socket inserts for sensing interaction at the limb-socket interface.

PubMed

Swanson, Eric C; McLean, Jake B; Allyn, Katheryn J; Redd, Christian B; Sanders, Joan E

2018-01-01

The objective of this research was to investigate a strategy for designing and fabricating computer-manufactured socket inserts that were embedded with sensors for field monitoring of limb-socket interactions of prosthetic users. An instrumented insert was fabricated for a single trans-tibial prosthesis user that contained three sensor types (proximity sensor, force sensing resistor, and inductive sensor), and the system was evaluated through a sequence of laboratory clinical tests and two days of field use. During in-lab tests 3 proximity sensors accurately distinguish between don and doff states; 3 of 4 force sensing resistors measured gradual pressure increases as weight-bearing increased; and the inductive sensor indicated that as prosthetic socks were added the limb moved farther out of the socket and pistoning amplitude decreased. Multiple sensor types were necessary in analysis of field collected data to interpret how sock changes affected limb-socket interactions. Instrumented socket inserts, with sensors selected to match clinical questions of interest, have the potential to provide important insights to improve patient care. Copyright © 2017 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of low insertion loss and miniaturization wavelet transform and inverse transform processor using SAW devices.

PubMed

Jiang, Hua; Lu, Wenke; Zhang, Guoan

2013-07-01

In this paper, we propose a low insertion loss and miniaturization wavelet transform and inverse transform processor using surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices. The new SAW wavelet transform devices (WTDs) use the structure with two electrode-widths-controlled (EWC) single phase unidirectional transducers (SPUDT-SPUDT). This structure consists of the input withdrawal weighting interdigital transducer (IDT) and the output overlap weighting IDT. Three experimental devices for different scales 2(-1), 2(-2), and 2(-3) are designed and measured. The minimum insertion loss of the three devices reaches 5.49dB, 4.81dB, and 5.38dB respectively which are lower than the early results. Both the electrode width and the number of electrode pairs are reduced, thus making the three devices much smaller than the early devices. Therefore, the method described in this paper is suitable for implementing an arbitrary multi-scale low insertion loss and miniaturization wavelet transform and inverse transform processor using SAW devices. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conformational Dynamics inside Amino-Terminal Disease Hotspot of Ryanodine Receptor

PubMed Central

Zhong, Xiaowei; Liu, Ying; Zhu, Li; Meng, Xing; Wang, Ruiwu; Van Petegem, Filip; Wagenknecht, Terence; Wayne Chen, S. R.; Liu, Zheng

2013-01-01

Summary The N-terminal region of both skeletal and cardiac ryanodine receptor is a disease mutation hotspot. Recently, a crystal structure of the RyR1 fragment (residues 1-559) was solved. This N-terminal structure contains three separate domains, A, B, and C, and was docked into a central vestibule in a full-length RyR1 cryo-EM map. Here we reconstructed 3D cryo-EM structures of two GFP-tagged RyR2s with GFP inserted after residue Glu-310 and Ser-437, respectively. The structures of RyR2E310-GFP and RyR2S437-GFP displayed an extra mass on domain B and C, directly validating the predicted docking model. Next, we revealed domain movements in molecular dynamics flexible fitting models in both the closed and open state cryo-EM maps. To further probe the conformational changes, we generated FRET pairs by inserting CFP or YFP in two selected domains, FRET studies of three dual-insertion pairs and three co-expressed single-insertion pairs showed the dynamic structural changes within the N-terminal domains. PMID:24139989

29 CFR 1910.216 - Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries... Guarding § 1910.216 Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries. (a) General requirements— (1... installed in accordance with this section and Subpart S of this part. (4) Mill roll heights. All new mill...

Lumber recovery of Douglas-fir from the Coast and Cascade Ranges of Oregon and Washington.

Treesearch

Susan Willits; Thomas D. Fahey

1988-01-01

This report summarizes the results of lumber recovery studies at four sawmills in western Oregon and western Washington; two dimension mills, one grade mill, and one timber mill were included. Results from individual mills are reported and discussed. The four mills were also combined to approximate "average" conversion of logs to lumber for the region....

EAST ELEVATION, LTV STEEL (FORMERLY REPUBLIC STEEL), 8" BAR MILL, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

EAST ELEVATION, LTV STEEL (FORMERLY REPUBLIC STEEL), 8" BAR MILL, BUFFALO PLANT. VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM ROLL SHOP. 8" BAR MILL DESIGNED AND BUILT BY DONNER STEEL CO. (PREDECESSOR OF REPUBLIC), 1919-1920. FOR DESCRIPTION OF ORIGINAL MILL SEE "IRON AGE", 116\\4 (23 JULY 1925): 201-204. - LTV Steel, 8-inch Bar Mill, Buffalo Plant, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

21 CFR 173.320 - Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. 173.320 Section 173.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. Agents for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills may... microorganisms in cane-sugar and/or beet-sugar mills as specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) They are...

3. GENERAL VIEW OF REMAINS OF 40" BLOOMING MILL; THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. GENERAL VIEW OF REMAINS OF 40" BLOOMING MILL; THE ENGINE ROOM CONTAINING THE MESTA-CORLISS STEAM ENGINE, IS LOCATED AT THE FAR END OF THE MILL AS SEEN TO THE FAR RIGHT (THE BUILDING WITH THE SHED ROOF). - Republic Iron & Steel Company, Youngstown Works, Blooming Mill & Blooming Mill Engines, North of Poland Avenue, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH

Process engineering with planetary ball mills.

PubMed

Burmeister, Christine Friederike; Kwade, Arno

2013-09-21

Planetary ball mills are well known and used for particle size reduction on laboratory and pilot scales for decades while during the last few years the application of planetary ball mills has extended to mechanochemical approaches. Processes inside planetary ball mills are complex and strongly depend on the processed material and synthesis and, thus, the optimum milling conditions have to be assessed for each individual system. The present review focuses on the insight into several parameters like properties of grinding balls, the filling ratio or revolution speed. It gives examples of the aspects of grinding and illustrates some general guidelines to follow for modelling processes in planetary ball mills in terms of refinement, synthesis' yield and contamination from wear. The amount of energy transferred from the milling tools to the powder is significant and hardly measurable for processes in planetary ball mills. Thus numerical simulations based on a discrete-element-method are used to describe the energy transfer to give an adequate description of the process by correlation with experiments. The simulations illustrate the effect of the geometry of planetary ball mills on the energy entry. In addition the imaging of motion patterns inside a planetary ball mill from simulations and video recordings is shown.

Computerized planning of prostate cryosurgery using variable cryoprobe insertion depth.

PubMed

Rossi, Michael R; Tanaka, Daigo; Shimada, Kenji; Rabin, Yoed

2010-02-01

The current study presents a computerized planning scheme for prostate cryosurgery using a variable insertion depth strategy. This study is a part of an ongoing effort to develop computerized tools for cryosurgery. Based on typical clinical practices, previous automated planning schemes have required that all cryoprobes be aligned at a single insertion depth. The current study investigates the benefit of removing this constraint, in comparison with results based on uniform insertion depth planning as well as the so-called "pullback procedure". Planning is based on the so-called "bubble-packing method", and its quality is evaluated with bioheat transfer simulations. This study is based on five 3D prostate models, reconstructed from ultrasound imaging, and cryoprobe active length in the range of 15-35 mm. The variable insertion depth technique is found to consistently provide superior results when compared to the other placement methods. Furthermore, it is shown that both the optimal active length and the optimal number of cryoprobes vary among prostate models, based on the size and shape of the target region. Due to its low computational cost, the new scheme can be used to determine the optimal cryoprobe layout for a given prostate model in real time. Copyright 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The incidence and causative organisms of infection in elective shoulder surgery.

PubMed

Mayne, Alistair I W; Bidwai, Amit S; Clifford, Rachael; Smith, Matthew G; Guisasola, Inigo; Brownson, Peter

2018-07-01

Deep infection remains a serious complication of orthopaedic surgery. Knowledge of infection rates and causative organisms is important to guide infection control measures. The aim of the present study was to determine infection rates and causative organisms in elective shoulder surgery. Cases complicated by infection were identified and prospectively recorded over a 2-year period. All patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery in the concurrent period at a single Specialist Upper Limb Unit in the UK were identified from the hospital electronic database. In total, 1574 elective shoulder cases were performed: 1359 arthroscopic (540 with implant insertion) and 215 open (197 with implant insertion). The overall infection rate in open surgery of 2.5% was significantly higher than arthroscopic implant cases at 0.7% ( p  < 0.005). The overall infection rate in implant arthroscopic surgery was significantly higher at 0.7% compared to 0% in non-implant related surgery. ( p  < 0.05). Patients undergoing open shoulder surgery have a significantly higher risk of infection compared to arthroscopic shoulder surgery. Arthroscopic surgery with implant insertion has a statistically significantly higher risk of developing deep infection compared to procedures with no implant insertion. We recommend prophylactic antibiotics in open shoulder surgery and arthroscopic shoulder surgery with implant insertion.

Complicated vascular access port removals: incidence, antecedents and avoidance.

PubMed

Teague, Warwick J; Fouad, Dina; Munro, Fraser D; McCabe, Amanda J

2015-09-01

Port removal is usually a straightforward procedure delegated to trainees. However, some port removals are complicated by central venous catheter (CVC) fragmentation, a challenge for even experienced surgeons. This study aimed to determine the incidence of, and risk factors for, complicated port removal in children. A single-centre study assessed the outcome of removal for all paediatric ports inserted from 1996 to 2012. Data were recorded detailing patient, insertion, device and removal characteristics. Risk factors for complicated removals were scrutinised using Chi-square tests; p < 0.05 significant. Of 628 ports inserted from 1996 to 2012, 443 were subsequently removed at the same centre. 8/443 (1.8%) removals were complicated by CVC fragmentation, a median of 3.3 (2.4-3.9) years after insertion. Of complicated cases, 8/8 underwent formal neck dissection, 3/8 intravascular dissection, and 1/8 endovascular retrieval. 2/8 cases have retained intravascular CVC fragments. Risk factors for complication were CVC caliber <6Fr (p < 0.001) and use duration >2 years (p < 0.001). Greatest care and senior supervision should be ensured when removing ports with CVC caliber <6Fr and/or >2 years since insertion. However, complications also occur with larger CVCs or after shorter durations. Therefore, the key to avoiding complicated port removal may simply be: preparation, preparation, neck preparation.

Influence of high-energy milling on structure and microstructure of asbestos-cement materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iwaszko, Józef; Zawada, Anna; Lubas, Małgorzata

2018-03-01

Asbestos-Containing Waste (ACW) in the form of a fragment from an asbestos-cement board was subjected to high-energy milling in a planetary mill at a constant rotational speed of 650 rpm and for variable milling times: 1, 2, and 3 h. The initial and the milled materials were subjected to infrared spectroscopic examination to identify the asbestos variety and to evaluate changes in the structure caused by high-energy milling. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) examinations followed optical microscopy and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) studies as well as X-ray analysis of the phase composition. It was found that the asbestos fibres present in the asbestos-cement board were respirable fibres with pathogenic properties. Identifying asbestos using the spectroscopic method showed that chrysotile asbestos was present in the as-received ACW while no characteristics of absorption bands from crocidolite or amosite were found. The results of the spectroscopic examinations were confirmed by the X-ray phase analysis. During SEM investigations of the milled ACW, complete loss of the fibrous structure of chrysotile was observed. The FT-IR examinations of the milled material showed that with an increased milling time, the characteristic absorption bands characteristic for chrysotile diminished and already after 2 h of milling their almost complete decay was observed. Thereby, it was confirmed that high-energy milling results in destruction of the crystalline structure of the asbestos phase. The conducted studies have shown that the treatment of asbestos-cement materials using high-energy milling is an effective method for asbestos disposal, capable of competing with other technologies and solutions. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy was found to be useful to identify asbestos phases and to assess changes caused by high-energy milling.

EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE 140' PLATE MILL. SECTION ON THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE 140' PLATE MILL. SECTION ON THE RIGHT ONCE HOUSED THE 32' UNIVERSAL SLABBING MILL - U.S. Steel Homestead Works, 140" Plate Mill, Along Monongahela River, Homestead, Allegheny County, PA

Structural changes during milling of aluminum oxide powders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ziepler, G.

1984-01-01

The mechanical activation of four fused corundum powders and a calcined Al2O3 powder was studied. The milled powders were characterized by their structural properties, crystallite size, and lattice distortions. Structural changes during milling, detected by X-ray line broadening analysis, gave information about the enhanced activity of the powders caused by the lattice distortions and by the decreasing crystallite size during milling. The structural changes during milling, under the same milling conditions, can be quite different for the same ceramic material, but with different characteristics in the as received state.

Clostridium perfringens type A–E toxin plasmids

PubMed Central

Freedman, John C.; Theoret, James R.; Wisniewski, Jessica A.; Uzal, Francisco A.; Rood, Julian I.; McClane, Bruce A.

2014-01-01

Clostridium perfringens relies upon plasmid-encoded toxin genes to cause intestinal infections. These toxin genes are associated with insertion sequences that may facilitate their mobilization and transfer, giving rise to new toxin plasmids with common backbones. Most toxin plasmids carry a transfer of clostridial plasmids locus mediating conjugation, which likely explains the presence of similar toxin plasmids in otherwise unrelated C. perfringens strains. The association of many toxin genes with insertion sequences and conjugative plasmids provides virulence flexibility when causing intestinal infections. However, incompatibility issues apparently limit the number of toxin plasmids maintained by a single cell. PMID:25283728

Milling induced amorphisation and recrystallization of α-lactose monohydrate.

PubMed

Badal Tejedor, Maria; Pazesh, Samaneh; Nordgren, Niklas; Schuleit, Michael; Rutland, Mark W; Alderborn, Göran; Millqvist-Fureby, Anna

2018-02-15

Preprocessing of pharmaceutical powders is a common procedure to condition the materials for a better manufacturing performance. However, such operations may induce undesired material properties modifications when conditioning particle size through milling, for example. Modification of both surface and bulk material structure will change the material properties, thus affecting the processability of the powder. Hence it is essential to control the material transformations that occur during milling. Topographical and mechanical changes in surface properties can be a preliminary indication of further material transformations. Therefore a surface evaluation of the α-lactose monohydrate after short and prolonged milling times has been performed. Unprocessed α-lactose monohydrate and spray dried lactose were evaluated in parallel to the milled samples as reference examples of the crystalline and amorphous lactose structure. Morphological differences between unprocessed α-lactose, 1 h and 20 h milled lactose and spray dried lactose were detected from SEM and AFM images. Additionally, AFM was used to simultaneously characterize particle surface amorphicity by measuring energy dissipation. Extensive surface amorphicity was detected after 1 h of milling while prolonged milling times showed only a moderate particle surface amorphisation. Bulk material characterization performed with DSC indicated a partial amorphicity for the 1 h milled lactose and a fully amorphous thermal profile for the 20 h milled lactose. The temperature profiles however, were shifted somewhat in the comparison to the amorphous reference, particularly after extended milling, suggesting a different amorphous state compared to the spray-dried material. Water loss during milling was measured with TGA, showing lower water content for the lactose amorphized through milling compared to spray dried amorphous lactose. The combined results suggest a surface-bulk propagation of the amorphicity during milling in combination with a different amorphous structural conformation to that of the amorphous spray dried lactose. The hardened surface may be due to either surface crystallization of lactose or to formation of a low-water glass transition. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Elevated temperature flow strength, creep resistance and diffusion welding characteristics of Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whittenberger, J. D.; Moore, T. J.

1979-01-01

A study of the flow strength, creep resistance and diffusion welding characteristics of the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo has been conducted. Two mill-processed forms of this alloy were examined. The forged material had been processed above the beta transus (approximately 1275 K) while the rolled form had been subjected to work below the beta transus. Between 1150 and 1250 K, the forged material was stronger and more creep resistant than the rolled alloy. Both forms exhibit superplastic characteristics in this temperature range. Strain measurements during diffusion welding experiments at 1200 K reveal that weld interfaces have no measurable effect on the overall creep deformation. Significant deformation appears to be necessary to produce a quality diffusion weld between superplastic materials. A 'soft' interlayer inserted between faying surfaces would seemingly allow manufacture of quality diffusion welds with little overall deformation.

Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Na; Jia, Zhe; Wang, Zhihui; Zhao, Hui; Ai, Guo; Song, Xiangyun; Bai, Ying; Battaglia, Vincent; Sun, Chengdong; Qiao, Juan; Wu, Kai; Liu, Gao

2017-10-01

The structure degradation of commercial Lithium-ion battery (LIB) graphite anodes with different cycling numbers and charge rates was investigated by focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cross-section image of graphite anode by FIB milling shows that cracks, resulted in the volume expansion of graphite electrode during long-term cycling, were formed in parallel with the current collector. The crack occurs in the bulk of graphite particles near the lithium insertion surface, which might derive from the stress induced during lithiation and de-lithiation cycles. Subsequently, crack takes place along grain boundaries of the polycrystalline graphite, but only in the direction parallel with the current collector. Furthermore, fast charge graphite electrodes are more prone to form cracks since the tensile strength of graphite is more likely to be surpassed at higher charge rates. Therefore, for LIBs long-term or high charge rate applications, the tensile strength of graphite anode should be taken into account.

Effect of Spark-Plasma-Sintering Conditions on Tensile Properties of Aluminum Matrix Composites Reinforced with Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, B.; Imai, H.; Umeda, J.; Takahashi, M.; Kondoh, K.

2017-04-01

In this study, aluminum (Al) matrix composites containing 2 wt.% multiwalled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were fabricated by powder metallurgy using high-energy ball milling (HEBM), spark plasma sintering (SPS), and subsequent hot extrusion. The effect of SPS conditions on the tensile properties of CNT/Al composites was investigated. The results showed that composites with well-dispersed CNTs and nearly full-density CNT/Al can be obtained. During HEBM, CNTs were shortened, inserted into welded Al powder particles, bonded to Al, and still stable without CNT-Al reaction. After consolidation, Al4C3 phases formed in composites under different sintering conditions. With the increase of sintering temperature and holding time, the strength decreased. Conversely, the ductility and toughness noticeably increased. As a result, a good balance between strength (367 MPa in ultimate tensile strength) and ductility (13% in elongation) was achieved in the as-extruded CNT/Al composite sintered at 630°C with a holding time of 300 min.

10. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHEAST SHOWING (from left) INDUSTRY ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHEAST SHOWING (from left) INDUSTRY MILL, HARMONY MILL, PHOENIX MILL, CONGDON MILL, TODD RAFFERTY MACHINE CO. - Great Falls S. U. M. Historic District, Oliver Street, Paterson, Passaic County, NJ

VIEW OF MILL FROM KEKAHA ROAD, WITH SUGAR BIN, CANE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF MILL FROM KEKAHA ROAD, WITH SUGAR BIN, CANE CLEANING PLANT AND CRUSHING MILL TO THE FORE. VIEW FROM THE EAST - Kekaha Sugar Company, Sugar Mill Building, 8315 Kekaha Road, Kekaha, Kauai County, HI

The milling of pristine and brominated P-100 graphite fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dillehay, M. E.; Gaier, J. R.

1986-01-01

Techniques were developed for the ball milling of pristine and brominated P-100 graphite fibers. Because of the lubrication properties of graphite, large ball loads (50 percent by volume) were required. Use of 2-propanol as a milling medium enhanced the efficiency of the process. Milled brominated P-100 fibers had resistivities which were indistinguishable from milled pristine P-100 fibers. Apparent loss of bromine from the brominated fibers suggests that bromine would not be the intercalate of choice in applications where milled fibers of this type are required. Other intercalates which do not degas may be more appropriate for a milled fiber application. These same results, however, do provide evidence that bromine molecules leave the fiber surface when removed from overpressure of bromine. While exploring possible solvent media for milling purposes, it was found that brominated fibers are stable in a wide variety of organic solvents.

Loop quantum corrected Einstein Yang-Mills black holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Protter, Mason; DeBenedictis, Andrew

2018-05-01

In this paper, we study the homogeneous interiors of black holes possessing SU(2) Yang-Mills fields subject to corrections inspired by loop quantum gravity. The systems studied possess both magnetic and induced electric Yang-Mills fields. We consider the system of equations both with and without Wilson loop corrections to the Yang-Mills potential. The structure of the Yang-Mills Hamiltonian, along with the restriction to homogeneity, allows for an anomaly-free effective quantization. In particular, we study the bounce which replaces the classical singularity and the behavior of the Yang-Mills fields in the quantum corrected interior, which possesses topology R ×S2 . Beyond the bounce, the magnitude of the Yang-Mills electric field asymptotically grows monotonically. This results in an ever-expanding R sector even though the two-sphere volume is asymptotically constant. The results are similar with and without Wilson loop corrections on the Yang-Mills potential.

The Tool Life of Ball Nose end Mill Depending on the Different Types of Ramping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vopát, Tomáš; Peterka, Jozef; Kováč, Martin

2014-12-01

The article deals with the cutting tool wear measurement process and tool life of ball nose end mill depending on upward ramping and downward ramping. The aim was to determine and compare the wear (tool life) of ball nose end mill for different types of copy milling operations, as well as to specify particular steps of the measurement process. In addition, we examined and observed cutter contact areas of ball nose end mill with machined material. For tool life test, DMG DMU 85 monoBLOCK 5-axis CNC milling machine was used. In the experiment, cutting speed, feed rate, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut were not changed. The cutting tool wear was measured on Zoller Genius 3s universal measuring machine. The results show different tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the copy milling strategy.

Designing robust watermark barcodes for multiplex long-read sequencing.

PubMed

Ezpeleta, Joaquín; Krsticevic, Flavia J; Bulacio, Pilar; Tapia, Elizabeth

2017-03-15

To attain acceptable sample misassignment rates, current approaches to multiplex single-molecule real-time sequencing require upstream quality improvement, which is obtained from multiple passes over the sequenced insert and significantly reduces the effective read length. In order to fully exploit the raw read length on multiplex applications, robust barcodes capable of dealing with the full single-pass error rates are needed. We present a method for designing sequencing barcodes that can withstand a large number of insertion, deletion and substitution errors and are suitable for use in multiplex single-molecule real-time sequencing. The manuscript focuses on the design of barcodes for full-length single-pass reads, impaired by challenging error rates in the order of 11%. The proposed barcodes can multiplex hundreds or thousands of samples while achieving sample misassignment probabilities as low as 10-7 under the above conditions, and are designed to be compatible with chemical constraints imposed by the sequencing process. Software tools for constructing watermark barcode sets and demultiplexing barcoded reads, together with example sets of barcodes and synthetic barcoded reads, are freely available at www.cifasis-conicet.gov.ar/ezpeleta/NS-watermark . ezpeleta@cifasis-conicet.gov.ar. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com

29. Photocopy of photograph of the West Side Milling District, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. Photocopy of photograph of the West Side Milling District, dated 1912, original filed as MH5.9/NP1h/p14 in Audio-visual Collection of Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul; SHOWS CROWN ROLLER MILL (THREE-QUARTER VIEW OF SOUTH AND WEST SIDES); LOOKING NORTHEAST - Crown Roller Mill, 105 Fifth Avenue, South, West Side Milling District, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, MN

1. VIEW OF SOUTHEAST ELEVATION OF GRANITEVILLE MILL COMPLEX. THIS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW OF SOUTHEAST ELEVATION OF GRANITEVILLE MILL COMPLEX. THIS ONE-STORY BRICK SECTION OF THE MILL WAS BUILT AS A WEAVE ROOM ADDITION IN THE 1860s. THE ORIGINAL MONITOR ROOF HAS BEEN REMOVED, AND THE WINDOWS BRICKED-IN. NOTE ONE OF THE TOWER CUPOLAS OF THE ORIGINAL 1846-48 MILL IN THE RIGHT BACKGROUND. - Graniteville Mill, Marshall Street, Graniteville, Aiken County, SC

Predictors for cecal insertion time: the impact of abdominal visceral fat measured by computed tomography.

PubMed

Nagata, Naoyoshi; Sakamoto, Kayo; Arai, Tomohiro; Niikura, Ryota; Shimbo, Takuro; Shinozaki, Masafumi; Noda, Mitsuhiko; Uemura, Naomi

2014-10-01

Several factors affect the risk for longer cecal insertion time. The aim of this study was to identify the predictors of longer insertion time and to evaluate the effect of visceral fat measured by CT. This is a retrospective observational study. Outpatients for colorectal cancer screening who underwent colonoscopies and CT were enrolled. Computed tomography was performed in individuals who requested cancer screening and in those with GI bleeding. Information on obesity indices (BMI, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue area), constipation score, history of abdominal surgery, poor preparation, fellow involvement, diverticulosis, patient discomfort, and the amount of sedation used was collected. The cecal insertion rate was 95.2% (899/944), and 899 patients were analyzed. Multiple regression analysis showed that female sex, lower BMI, lower visceral adipose tissue area, lower subcutaneous adipose tissue area, higher constipation score, history of surgery, poor bowel preparation, and fellow involvement were independently associated with longer insertion time. When obesity indices were considered simultaneously, smaller subcutaneous adipose tissue area (p = 0.038), but not lower BMI (p = 0.802) or smaller visceral adipose tissue area (p = 0.856), was associated with longer insertion time; the other aforementioned factors remained associated with longer insertion time. In the subanalysis of normal-weight patients (BMI <25 kg/m), a smaller subcutaneous adipose tissue area (p = 0.002), but not a lower BMI (p = 0.782), was independently associated with a longer insertion time. Longer insertion time had a positive correlation with a higher patient discomfort score (ρ = 0.51, p < 0.001) and a greater amount of midazolam use (ρ = 0.32, p < 0.001). This single-center retrospective study includes a potential selection bias. In addition to BMI and intra-abdominal fat, female sex, constipation, history of abdominal surgery, poor preparation, and fellow involvement were predictors of longer cecal insertion time. Among the obesity indices, high subcutaneous fat accumulation was the best predictive factor for easier passage of the colonoscope, even when body weight was normal.

Jet Injection of 1% buffered lidocaine versus topical ELA-Max for anesthesia before peripheral intravenous catheterization in children: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Spanos, Stephanie; Booth, Rebekah; Koenig, Heidi; Sikes, Kendra; Gracely, Edward; Kim, In K

2008-08-01

Peripheral intravenous (PIV) catheter insertion is a frequent, painful procedure that is often performed with little or no anesthesia. Current approaches that minimize pain for PIV catheter insertion have several limitations: significant delay for onset of anesthesia, inadequate anesthesia, infectious disease exposure risk from needlestick injuries, and patients' needle phobia. Comparison of the anesthetic effectiveness of J-Tip needle-free jet injection of 1% buffered lidocaine to the anesthetic effectiveness of topical 4% ELA-Max for PIV catheter insertion. A prospective, block-randomized, controlled trial comparing J-Tip jet injection of 1% buffered lidocaine to a 30-minute application of 4% ELA-Max for topical anesthesia in children 8 to 15 years old presenting to a tertiary care pediatric emergency department for PIV catheter insertion. All subjects recorded self-reported visual analog scale (VAS) scores for pain at time of enrollment and pain felt following PIV catheter insertion. Jet injection subjects also recorded pain of jet injection. Subjects were videotaped during jet injection and PIV catheter insertion. Videotapes were reviewed by a single blinded reviewer for observer-reported VAS pain scores for jet injection and PIV catheter insertion. Of the 70 children enrolled, 35 were randomized to the J-Tip jet injection group and 35 to the ELA-Max group. Patient-recorded enrollment VAS scores for pain were similar between groups (P = 0.74). Patient-recorded VAS scores were significantly different between groups immediately after PIV catheter insertion (17.3 for J-Tip jet injection vs 44.6 for ELA-Max, P < 0.001). Blinded reviewer assessed VAS scores for pain after PIV catheter insertion demonstrated a similar trend, but the comparison was not statistically significant (21.7 for J-Tip jet injection vs 31.9 ELA-Max, P = 0.23). J-Tip jet injection of 1% buffered lidocaine provided greater anesthesia than a 30-minute application of ELA-Max according to patient self-assessment of pain for children aged 8 to 15 years undergoing PIV catheter insertion.

The Effect of Insertion Torque on the Clinical Outcome of Single Implants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Barone, Antonio; Alfonsi, Fortunato; Derchi, Giacomo; Tonelli, Paolo; Toti, Paolo; Marchionni, Saverio; Covani, Ugo

2016-06-01

The insertion torque value has been extensively used as an indicator for implant primary stability, which is considered a determining parameter for the implants success. The primary goal of the present randomized clinical trial was to evaluate and compare the clinical outcome for implants placed with high insertion torque (between 50 Ncm and 100 Ncm) and regular insertion torque (within 50 Ncm) in healed ridges. Partially edentulous patients, missing one or more mandibular or maxillary teeth, having an adequate amount of bone, requiring implant placement, were randomized to receive Blossom CT implants with regular insertion torque (<50 Ncm) or CT implants with high insertion torque (≥50 Ncm). Implants were left to heal submerged for 3 months. Implants were restored with individualized abutments and cemented metal-ceramic crowns. Acquired measurements were: insertion torque values (IT), thickness of buccal bone plate after implant osteotomy preparation (BBT), marginal bone level (MBL), and facial soft tissue level (FST). All patients were followed 12 months after implant placement. One hundred sixteen implants were placed in one hundred sixteen patients and enrolled for the study. Fifty-eight implants were randomly allocated in regular-IT and high-IT groups with a mean insertion torque ranging from 20 Ncm to 50 Ncm and from 50 Ncm to 100 Ncm, respectively. Three implants failed, and another five implants showed at the 12-month evaluation a marginal bone loss (ΔMBL) greater than 1.5 mm, being considered unsuccessful. The findings suggested that implants inserted with high-IT (≥50 Ncm) in healed bone ridges showed more peri-implant bone remodeling and buccal soft tissue recession than implants inserted with a regular-IT (<50 Ncm). Moreover, sites with a thick buccal bone wall (≥1 mm) - after implant osteotomy site preparation - seemed to be less prone to buccal soft tissue recession after 12 months than sites with a thin buccal bone wall (<1 mm). © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

3. AERIAL VIEW OF SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT. NEPPERHAN AVENUE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. AERIAL VIEW OF SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT. NEPPERHAN AVENUE IS AT LEFT, SLIGHTLY FILLED SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT IS ON RIGHT. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Saw Mill River Culvert, Spanning Nepperhan Avenue, Yonkers, Westchester County, NY

1. VIEW, LOOKING FROM THE SOUTHEAST, OF THE DEFIANCE MILL. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW, LOOKING FROM THE SOUTHEAST, OF THE DEFIANCE MILL. THE STEAM BOILER AND VANNER ARE UNDER THE COLLAPSED TIMBERS OF THE MILL BUILDING - Defiance Mill, Southern Edge of Salt Spring Valley, Copperopolis, Calaveras County, CA

6. VIEW TO WEST, SAMPLING BUILDING, MECHANIC SHED, MILL WAREHOUSE, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW TO WEST, SAMPLING BUILDING, MECHANIC SHED, MILL WAREHOUSE, DRYERS, AND GRINDING/ROD MILL. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO

5. DETAIL OF ROD MILL BASE AND CONVEYOR BELT SUPPORT, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. DETAIL OF ROD MILL BASE AND CONVEYOR BELT SUPPORT, EAST VIEW. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, Grinding Rod Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO