X ray opacity in cluster cooling flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wise, Michael W.; Sarazin, Craig L.

1993-01-01

We have calculated the emergent x-ray properties for a set of spherically symmetric, steady-state cluster cooling flow models including the effects of radiative transfer. Opacity due to resonant x-ray lines, photoelectric absorption, and electron scattering have been included in these calculations, and homogeneous and inhomogeneous gas distributions were considered. The effects of photoionization opacity are small for both types of models. In contrast, resonant line optical depths can be quite high in both homogeneous and inhomogeneous models. The presence of turbulence in the gas can significantly lower the line opacity. We find that integrated x-ray spectra for the flow cooling now are only slightly affected by radiative transfer effects. However x-ray line surface brightness profiles can be dramatically affected by radiative transfer. Line profiles are also strongly affected by transfer effects. The combined effects of opacity and inflow cause many of the lines in optically thick models to be asymmetrical.

Comparison of two Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: cruciate pattern vs circular pattern with vitreous strand cutting

PubMed Central

Kim, Jin-Soo; Choi, Jung Yeol; Kwon, Ji-Won; Wee, Won Ryang; Han, Young Keun

2018-01-01

AIM To investigate the effects and safety of neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting METHODS A total of 40 eyes of 37 patients with symptomatic posterior capsular opacity (PCO) were included in this prospective randomized study and were randomly subjected to either cruciate pattern or round pattern Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting (modified round pattern). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error, endothelial cell count (ECC), anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured before and 1mo after the laser posterior capsulotomy. RESULTS In both groups, the BCVA improved significantly (P<0.001 for the modified round pattern group, P=0.001 for the cruciate pattern group); the IOP and ECC did not significantly change. The ACD significantly decreased (P<0.001 for both) and the ACA significantly increased (P=0.001 for the modified round pattern group and P=0.034 for the cruciate group). The extent of changes in these parameters was not significantly different between the groups. CONCLUSION Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of PCO. This method significantly changes the ACD and ACA, but the change in refraction is not significant. Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy can be considered a good alternative procedure in patients with symptomatic PCO. PMID:29487812

Comparison of two Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy: cruciate pattern vs circular pattern with vitreous strand cutting.

PubMed

Kim, Jin-Soo; Choi, Jung Yeol; Kwon, Ji-Won; Wee, Won Ryang; Han, Young Keun

2018-01-01

To investigate the effects and safety of neodymium: yttrium-aluminium-garnet (Nd:YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting. A total of 40 eyes of 37 patients with symptomatic posterior capsular opacity (PCO) were included in this prospective randomized study and were randomly subjected to either cruciate pattern or round pattern Nd:YAG posterior capsulotomy with vitreous strand cutting (modified round pattern). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), refractive error, endothelial cell count (ECC), anterior segment parameters, including anterior chamber depth (ACD) and anterior chamber angle (ACA) were measured before and 1mo after the laser posterior capsulotomy. In both groups, the BCVA improved significantly ( P <0.001 for the modified round pattern group, P =0.001 for the cruciate pattern group); the IOP and ECC did not significantly change. The ACD significantly decreased ( P <0.001 for both) and the ACA significantly increased ( P =0.001 for the modified round pattern group and P =0.034 for the cruciate group). The extent of changes in these parameters was not significantly different between the groups. Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is an effective and safe method for the treatment of PCO. This method significantly changes the ACD and ACA, but the change in refraction is not significant. Modified round pattern Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy can be considered a good alternative procedure in patients with symptomatic PCO.

The effect of Livermore OPAL opacities on the evolutionary masses of RR Lyrae stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yi, Sukyoung; Lee, Young-Wook; Demarque, Pierre

1993-01-01

We have investigated the effect of the new Livermore OPAL opacities on the evolution of horizontal-branch (HB) stars. This work was motivated by the recent stellar pulsation calculations using the new Livermore opacities, which suggest that the masses of double-mode RR Lyrae stars are 0.1-0.2 solar mass larger than those based on earlier opacities. Unlike the pulsation calculations, we find that the effect of opacity change on the evolution of HB stars is not significant. In particular, the effect of the mean masses of RR Lyrae stars is very small, showing a decrease of only 0.01-0.02 solar mass compared to the models based on old Cox-Stewart opacities. Consequently, with the new Livermore OPAL opacities, both the stellar pulsation and evolution models now predict approximately the same masses for the RR Lyrae stars. Our evolutionary models suggest that the mean masses of the RR Lyrae stars are about 0.76 and about 0.71 solar mass for M15 (Oosterhoff group II) and M3 (group I), respectively. If (alpha/Fe) = 0.4, these values are decreased by about 0.03 solar mass. Variations of the mean masses of RR Lyrae stars with HB morphology and metallicity are also presented.

Constraints on cosmic silicates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ossenkopf, V.; Henning, Th.; Mathis, J. S.

1992-08-01

Observational determinations of opacities of circumstellar silicates, relative to the peak value near 10 microns, are used to estimate the optical constants n and k, the real and imaginary parts of the index of refraction. Circumstellar dust is modified by processing within the interstellar medium. This leads to higher band strengths and a somewhat larger ratio of the opacities at the 18 and 10-micron peaks, compared with circumstellar silicates. By using an effective-medium theory, we calculate the effects of small spherical inclusions of various materials (various oxides, sulfides, carbides, amorphous carbon, and metallic iron) upon silicate opacities. Some of these can increase the absorption coefficient k in the 2-8 micron region appreciably, as is needed to reconcile laboratory silicate opacities with observations of both the interstellar medium and envelopes around late-type stars. We give tables of two sets of optical constants for warm oxygen-deficient and cool oxygen-rich silicates, representative for circumstellar and interstellar silicates. The required opacity in the 2-8 micron region is provided by iron and magnetite.

Pulmonary hydatid embolization. Report on 2 operated cases and review of published reports.

PubMed Central

Palant, A; Deutsch, V; Kishon, Y; Lieberman, Y; Yahini, J H; Neufeld, H N

1976-01-01

Two patients with pulmonary hydatid embolization are described and commented upon in the light of 43 similar published cases. The diagnosis was strongly suspected from the medical history and the chest x-ray films and supported by angiocardiography. The angiocardiographic features of this condition have not been described previously in detail. They include amputation and filling defects of pulmonary artery branches, which are typically located proximal to a rounded tumour-like opacity seen on the plain x-ray film. Both patients underwent successful embolectomy. Images PMID:973883

The role of immunohistochemistry in the analysis of the spectrum of small round cell tumours at a tertiary care centre.

PubMed

D'cruze, Lawrence; Dutta, Ruma; Rao, Shalinee; R, Anuradha; Varadarajan, Suresh; Kuruvilla, Sarah

2013-07-01

The term, "Small Round - Cell Tumours" (SRCT) describes a group of highly aggressive malignant neoplasms which are composed predominantly of small and monotonous undifferentiated cells with high nucleocytoplasmic ratios. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) plays a crucial role in catagorizing the small round - cell tumours. This study was done to analyse the spectrum of small round cell tumours over a period of five years at a tertiary care centre and to study the relevance of immunohistochemistry in making precise diagnoses of the small round cell tumours. Formalin - fixed, paraffin - embedded sections of tumours which were diagnosed as small round cell tumours on small biopsies and resected specimens were retrieved from the files of the Department of Pathology of Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research institute, in the period from January 2005 to December 2009. This study was confined to the bone and the soft tissues. Decalcification was performed on the bony tissues before the routine processing was done. The patients belonging to all age groups were included in this study. The small round cell tumours of the bone marrow, the spleen and the lymph node was excluded from our study. Immunohistochemical stains were performed to differentiate and categorise the small round blue cell tumours. The immunomarkers which were utilised in this study included CD45/LCA (the lymphocyte common antigen), CD20, CD3, CD99 (cluster of differentiation 99 also known as MIC2), desmin, EMA (epithelial membrane antigen), CK(cytokeratin), synaptophysin, chromogranin and GFAP (Glial fibrillary acidic protein). Forty three cases of small round cell tumours were analysed, which included 19 cases of NHL (non Hodgkin's lymphoma), 6 cases of Ewing/PNETs (primitive neuroectodermal tumours), 3 cases of atypical carcinoid, 3 cases of olfactory neuroblastoma, 2 cases each of rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms tumour, neuroblastoma and synovial sarcoma and 1 case each of small cell osteosarcoma, small (oat) cell carcinoma, medulloblastoma and hepatoblastoma. By using a panel of monoclonal antibodies, we could arrive at a final diagnosis for all the 40 cases in which immunohistochemistry was performed. Our study showed that the use of immunohistochemistry was extremely beneficial. A majority of the small round cell tumours occurred between the ages of 15-45 years and the most common small round cell tumour was Non-Hodgkins lymphoma (extra lymphoreticular).

Wood charcoal and activated carbon dust pneumoconiosis in three workers.

PubMed

De Capitani, Eduardo Mello; Algranti, Eduardo; Handar, Aantonieta M Z; Altemani, Albina M A; Ferreira, R G; Balthazar, Alipio Barbosa; Cerqueira, Elza Maria F P; Sanae Ota, Jaquelina

2007-03-01

Data on prevalence of lung diseases due to inhalation of carbonaceous materials other than mineral coal is very limited. We present three cases of wood charcoal pneumoconiosis, two due to activated carbon, and one from wood charcoal artisan handling. To our knowledge, no clinical cases of wood charcoal pneumoconiosis, from artisan handling has been published so far. The three cases had their X rays classified by two B-readers as p/q round opacities with profusion ranging from 2/2 to 3/3. HRCT of two of them showed a diffuse centrilobular ground glass nodular pattern with subpleural small areas of consolidations. Transbronchial biopsies showed deposition of black pigment in the bronchiolar interstice similar to the histological appearance of simple coal workers pneumoconiosis, with no signs of fibrosis. Spirometry showed no abnormalities in the three cases. The authors point out to a probably underestimated respiratory occupational risk related to wood charcoal manipulation, which must be addressed mostly in developing countries, where deficient workplace conditions can lead to exposure above limit levels. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Dental Technicians' Pneumoconiosis; Illness Behind a Healthy Smile – Case Series of a Reference Center in Turkey

PubMed Central

Alici, Nur Şafak; Beyan, Ayşe Coşkun; Demıral, Yücel; Çimrin, Arif

2018-01-01

Background: Dental laboratories include many hazards and risks. Dental technicians working in an unfavorable work environment in Turkey and other parts of the world may develop pneumoconiosis as a result of exposure to dust, depending on exposure time. In this study, we aimed to investigate the clinical and laboratory findings of dental technicians. Materials and Methods: The study consists of a case series. Between 2013 and 2016, a total of 70 who were working as a dental technician and referred to our clinic with suspicion of occupational disease were evaluated. Comprehensive work-history, physical examination complaints, functional status, chest X-ray, and high-resolution computed lung tomography (HRCT) findings were evaluated. Results: In all, 46 (65.7%) of the 70 dental technicians were diagnosed with pneumoconiosis. About 45 (97.8%) subjects were male and 1 (2.2%) was female. The mean age of starting to work was 15.89 ± 2.79 (11-23) years. The mix dust exposure time was 176.13 ± 73.97 (18-384) months. Small round opacities were most common finding. In 16 patients, high profusion being 2/3 and above were identified, and large opacity was detected in 11 patients. The radiological profusion had a weak negative correlation with FEV 1 and FVC (correlation coefficient − 0.18, P = 0.210 and − 0.058, P = 0704) and moderate negative correlation between radiological profusion and FEV1/FVC (correlation coefficient − 0.377, P = 0.010). In addition, no correlation was observed between the age at start of work and the duration of exposure. Conclusion: The presence of pneumoconiosis continues in dental technicians in Turkey, especially because there is an early childhood apprenticeship culture and almost all workers in this period have the history of sandblasting. PMID:29743783

Eye Lens Opacities Among Physicians Occupationally Exposed to Ionizing Radiation.

PubMed

Auvinen, Anssi; Kivelä, Tero; Heinävaara, Sirpa; Mrena, Samy

2015-08-01

We compared the frequency of lens opacities among physicians with and without occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, and estimated dose-response between cumulative dose and opacities. We conducted ophthalmologic examinations of 21 physicians with occupational exposure to radiation and 16 unexposed physicians. Information on cumulative radiation doses (mean 111 mSv) was based on dosimeter readings recorded in a national database on occupational exposures. Lens changes were evaluated using the Lens Opacities Classification System II, with an emphasis on posterior subcapsular (PSC) and cortical changes. Among the exposed physicians, the prevalences of cortical and PSC changes were both 11% (3/21), and the corresponding frequencies in the unexposed group were 44% (n = 7) and 6% (n = 1). For dose-response analysis, the data were pooled with 29 exposed physicians from our previous study. No association of either type of lens changes with cumulative recorded dose was observed. Our findings do not indicate an increased frequency of lens opacities in physicians with occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. However, the subjects in this study have received relatively low doses and therefore the results do not exclude small increases in lens opacities or contradict the studies reporting increases among interventional cardiologists with materially higher cumulative doses. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

The lens and cataracts.

PubMed

Matthews, Andrew G

2004-08-01

It is conservatively estimated that some form of lens opacity is present in 5% to 7% of horses with otherwise clinically normal eyes.These opacities can range from small epicapsular remnants of the fetal vasculature to dense and extensive cataract. A cataract is defined technically as any opacity or alteration in the optical homogeneity of the lens involving one or more of the following: anterior epithelium, capsule, cortex, or nucleus. In the horse, cataracts rarely involve the entire lens structure (ie, complete cataracts) and are more usually localized to one anatomic landmark or sector of the lens. Complete cataracts are invariably associated with overt and significant visual disability. Focal or incomplete cataracts alone seldom cause any apparent visual dysfunction in affected horses,however.

Caecal cancer presenting as leg erythema and a lung opacity.

PubMed

Das, Archik; Hureibi, Khalid; Tayyab, Muhammad; McCullough, Peter

2017-09-07

Necrotising infection of the lower limb is a rare presentation for colorectal malignancy. We report a case of a perforated caecal adenocarcinoma presenting with right leg erythema, pain and swelling in the presence of a right lower lobe lung opacity. Following initial debridement and washout, CT imaging demonstrated a thickened terminal ileum, caecum and appendix, in keeping with primary malignancy. This fed the right-sided lower limb sepsis tracking down from the medial aspect of the psoas muscle to give rise to the multiloculated collection seen in the adductor compartment. The lung lesion measured 16 mm and was metastatic. The patient was successfully managed with a subtotal colectomy and an end ileostomy. The biopsy confirmed an adenocarcinoma (T4N1M1). We highlight the importance of perforated colonic carcinoma as a leading differential for lower limb abscesses. Suspicions should be raised further if accompanied by rounded opacifications on plain film radiography of the lungs. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Strength of small-diameter round and tapered bending members

Treesearch

Ron Wolfe; Joe Murphy

2005-01-01

An early focus on structural use of processed rather than round timber resulted in an underestimation of the structural advantages of retaining the natural form of small-diameter round timber. In the round and tapered form, timbers are not susceptible to the strength-reducing effects of diving grain and exposed juvenile wood. Fiber continuity around knots on the...

EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Accompanied by Transient Asymptomatic Pulmonary Opacities Successfully Treated with "Stop-And-Go" Osimertinib.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Keigo; Naoki, Katsuhiko; Kuroda, Aoi; Yasuda, Hiroyuki; Kawada, Ichiro; Soejima, Kenzo; Betsuyaku, Tomoko

2018-04-01

A 69-year-old man with post-operative recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma was treated with multiple chemotherapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A second biopsy revealed an EGFR T790M mutation. As 10th-line chemotherapy, osimertinib was initiated. After 24 weeks, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed asymptomatic ground-glass opacities in both lobes. After four weeks of osimertinib discontinuation, imaging revealed rapid lung cancer progression. Osimertinib was resumed. After 11 weeks, CT revealed decreased lung nodules with no exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. We describe a patient who experienced transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities during treatment with osimertinib, which was successfully managed by a "stop-and-go" approach.

Pneumoconiosis in dental technicians: HRCT and pulmonary function findings.

PubMed

Kahraman, H; Koksal, N; Cinkara, M; Ozkan, F; Sucakli, M H; Ekerbicer, H

2014-09-01

Pneumoconiosis is a form of diffuse interstitial lung disease, often resulting from occupational exposures. As dental prosthetic technicians (DPTs) build prostheses, they are exposed to many chemical materials that increase their risk of developing pneumoconiosis. To document pulmonary function and prevalence of pneumoconiosis in DPTs. A cross-sectional study of DPTs working in prosthetic laboratories who underwent pulmonary function test and high-resolution chest computed tomography (HRCT) scanning. There were 76 participants and pneumoconiosis was diagnosed in 46%. The most commonly seen radiological finding was round opacities, present in 38%. Agreement among HRCT readers was moderate to good. As defined by HRCT, emphysema was diagnosed more often in those with a longer occupational history or a history of smoking, and low carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO), but not in those with pneumoconiosis. Forced expiratory rate and DLCO were significantly lower in those who had worked 16 years or more (all P < 0.05). DLCO values were significantly lower in technicians with emphysema and in current smokers (all P < 0.01). Round opacities were also present in a substantial proportion of DPTs who had 15 years or less exposure. Because HRCT is able to detect radiological changes of occupational lung disease very early, the prevalence of pneumoconiosis in our participants was quite high. Pneumoconiosis identified by HRCT was present in almost half of DPTs surveyed. Appropriate education and workplace protection should be given to DPTs in order to prevent exposure to hazardous materials in dental prosthetics laboratories. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Thin-Section CT Features of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Correlated with Micro-CT and Histologic Analysis.

PubMed

Mai, Cindy; Verleden, Stijn E; McDonough, John E; Willems, Stijn; De Wever, Walter; Coolen, Johan; Dubbeldam, Adriana; Van Raemdonck, Dirk E; Verbeken, Eric K; Verleden, Geert M; Hogg, James C; Vanaudenaerde, Bart M; Wuyts, Wim A; Verschakelen, Johny A

2017-04-01

Purpose To elucidate the underlying lung changes responsible for the computed tomographic (CT) features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to gain insight into the way IPF proceeds through the lungs and progresses over time. Materials and Methods Micro-CT studies of tissue cores obtained from explant lungs were examined and were correlated 1:1 with a CT study obtained immediately before transplantation. Samples for histologic analysis were obtained from selected cores. Results In areas with no or minimal abnormalities on CT images, small areas of increased attenuation located in or near the interlobular septa can be seen on micro-CT studies. In more involved lung areas, the number of opacities increases and opacities enlarge and approach each other along the interlobular septa, causing a fine reticular pattern on CT images. Simultaneously, air-containing structures in and around these opacities arise, corresponding with small cysts on CT images. Honeycombing is caused by a progressive increase in the number and size of these cystic structures and tissue opacities that gradually extend toward the centrilobular region and finally replace the entire lobule. At histologic analysis, the small islands of increased attenuation very likely correspond with fibroblastic foci. Near these fibroblastic foci, an abnormal adjacency of alveolar walls was seen, suggesting alveolar collapse. In later stages, normal lung tissue is replaced by a large amount of young collagen, as seen in patients with advanced fibrosis. Conclusion Fibrosis and cyst formation in patients with IPF seem to start at the periphery of the pulmonary lobule and progressively extend toward the core of this anatomic lung unit. Evidence was found that alveolar collapse might already be present in an early stage when there is only little pulmonary fibrosis. © RSNA, 2016.

Thin-Section CT Features of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Correlated with Micro-CT and Histologic Analysis

PubMed Central

Mai, Cindy; Verleden, Stijn E.; McDonough, John E.; Willems, Stijn; De Wever, Walter; Coolen, Johan; Dubbeldam, Adriana; Van Raemdonck, Dirk E.; Verbeken, Eric K.; Verleden, Geert M.; Hogg, James C.; Vanaudenaerde, Bart M.; Wuyts, Wim A.

2017-01-01

Purpose To elucidate the underlying lung changes responsible for the computed tomographic (CT) features of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and to gain insight into the way IPF proceeds through the lungs and progresses over time. Materials and Methods Micro-CT studies of tissue cores obtained from explant lungs were examined and were correlated 1:1 with a CT study obtained immediately before transplantation. Samples for histologic analysis were obtained from selected cores. Results In areas with no or minimal abnormalities on CT images, small areas of increased attenuation located in or near the interlobular septa can be seen on micro-CT studies. In more involved lung areas, the number of opacities increases and opacities enlarge and approach each other along the interlobular septa, causing a fine reticular pattern on CT images. Simultaneously, air-containing structures in and around these opacities arise, corresponding with small cysts on CT images. Honeycombing is caused by a progressive increase in the number and size of these cystic structures and tissue opacities that gradually extend toward the centrilobular region and finally replace the entire lobule. At histologic analysis, the small islands of increased attenuation very likely correspond with fibroblastic foci. Near these fibroblastic foci, an abnormal adjacency of alveolar walls was seen, suggesting alveolar collapse. In later stages, normal lung tissue is replaced by a large amount of young collagen, as seen in patients with advanced fibrosis. Conclusion Fibrosis and cyst formation in patients with IPF seem to start at the periphery of the pulmonary lobule and progressively extend toward the core of this anatomic lung unit. Evidence was found that alveolar collapse might already be present in an early stage when there is only little pulmonary fibrosis. © RSNA, 2016 PMID:27715655

Array-based DNA-methylation profiling in sarcomas with small blue round cell histology provides valuable diagnostic information.

PubMed

Koelsche, Christian; Hartmann, Wolfgang; Schrimpf, Daniel; Stichel, Damian; Jabar, Susanne; Ranft, Andreas; Reuss, David E; Sahm, Felix; Jones, David T W; Bewerunge-Hudler, Melanie; Trautmann, Marcel; Klingebiel, Thomas; Vokuhl, Christian; Gessler, Manfred; Wardelmann, Eva; Petersen, Iver; Baumhoer, Daniel; Flucke, Uta; Antonescu, Cristina; Esteller, Manel; Fröhling, Stefan; Kool, Marcel; Pfister, Stefan M; Mechtersheimer, Gunhild; Dirksen, Uta; von Deimling, Andreas

2018-03-23

Undifferentiated solid tumors with small blue round cell histology and expression of CD99 mostly resemble Ewing sarcoma. However, they also may include other tumors such as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, or small cell osteosarcoma. Definitive classification usually requires detection of entity-specific mutations. While this approach identifies the majority of Ewing sarcomas, a subset of lesions remains unclassified and, therefore, has been termed "Ewing-like sarcomas" or small blue round cell tumors not otherwise specified. We developed an approach for further characterization of small blue round cell tumors not otherwise specified using an array-based DNA-methylation profiling approach. Data were analyzed by unsupervised clustering and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis and compared with a reference methylation data set of 460 well-characterized prototypical sarcomas encompassing 18 subtypes. Verification was performed by additional FISH analyses, RNA sequencing from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded material or immunohistochemical marker analyses. In a cohort of more than 1,000 tumors assumed to represent Ewing sarcomas, 30 failed to exhibit the typical EWS translocation. These tumors were subjected to methylation profiling and could be assigned to Ewing sarcoma in 14 (47%), to small blue round cell tumors with CIC alteration in 6 (20%), to small blue round cell tumors with BCOR alteration in 4 (13%), to synovial sarcoma and to malignant rhabdoid tumor in 2 cases each. One single case each was allotted to mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and adamantinoma. 12/14 tumors classified as Ewing sarcoma could be verified by demonstrating either a canonical EWS translocation evading initial testing, by identifying rare breakpoints or fusion partners. The methylation-based assignment of the remaining small blue round cell tumors not otherwise specified also could be verified by entity-specific molecular alterations in 13/16 cases. In conclusion, array-based DNA-methylation analysis of undifferentiated tumors with small blue round cell histology is a powerful tool for precisely classifying this diagnostically challenging tumor group.

Continuous opacity from Ne^-

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

John, T. L.

1996-04-01

Free-free absorption coefficients of the negative neon ion are calculated by the phase-shift approximation based on multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock continuum wave functions. These wave functions accurately account for electron-neon correlation and polarization, and yield scattering cross-sections in excellent agreement with the latest experimental values. The coefficients are expected to give the best current estimates of Ne^- continuous absorption. We find that Ne^- makes only a small contribution (less than 0.3 per cent) to stellar opacities, including hydrogen-deficient stars with enhanced Ne abundances.

77 FR 8209 - Quality Assurance Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

... Transfer and Advancement Act Section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995... Division, Measurement Technology Group (Mail Code: E143-02), Research Triangle Park, NC 27711; telephone... significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses...

Bronchial Leech Infestation in a 15-Year-Old Female.

PubMed

Moslehi, Mohammad Ashkan; Imanieh, Mohammad Hadi; Adib, Ali

2016-01-01

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common incidence in young children. Leeches are rarely reported as FBA at any age. This study describes a 15-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis, hematemesis, coughs, melena, and anemia seven months prior to admission. Chest X-ray showed a round hyperdensity in the right lower lobe. A chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an area of consolidation and surrounding ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe. Hematological investigations revealed anemia. Finally, bronchoscopy was performed and a 5 cm leech was found within the right B 7-8 bronchus and removed by forceps and a Dormia basket.

Bronchial Leech Infestation in a 15-Year-Old Female

PubMed Central

Moslehi, Mohammad Ashkan; Imanieh, Mohammad Hadi

2016-01-01

Foreign body aspiration (FBA) is a common incidence in young children. Leeches are rarely reported as FBA at any age. This study describes a 15-year-old female who presented with hemoptysis, hematemesis, coughs, melena, and anemia seven months prior to admission. Chest X-ray showed a round hyperdensity in the right lower lobe. A chest computed tomography (CT) demonstrated an area of consolidation and surrounding ground glass opacities in the right lower lobe. Hematological investigations revealed anemia. Finally, bronchoscopy was performed and a 5 cm leech was found within the right B7-8 bronchus and removed by forceps and a Dormia basket. PMID:27752380

EGFR-mutant Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Accompanied by Transient Asymptomatic Pulmonary Opacities Successfully Treated with “Stop-And-Go” Osimertinib

PubMed Central

Kobayashi, Keigo; Naoki, Katsuhiko; Kuroda, Aoi; Yasuda, Hiroyuki; Kawada, Ichiro; Soejima, Kenzo; Betsuyaku, Tomoko

2017-01-01

A 69-year-old man with post-operative recurrence of lung adenocarcinoma was treated with multiple chemotherapies, including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitors. A second biopsy revealed an EGFR T790M mutation. As 10th-line chemotherapy, osimertinib was initiated. After 24 weeks, chest computed tomography (CT) revealed asymptomatic ground-glass opacities in both lobes. After four weeks of osimertinib discontinuation, imaging revealed rapid lung cancer progression. Osimertinib was resumed. After 11 weeks, CT revealed decreased lung nodules with no exacerbation of interstitial lung disease. We describe a patient who experienced transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities during treatment with osimertinib, which was successfully managed by a “stop-and-go” approach. PMID:29269665

Primary desmoplastic small round cell tumor in the left orbit: a case report and literature review.

PubMed

He, Xue-Rui; Liu, Zheng; Wei, Jing; Li, Wan-Jun; Liu, Tao

2018-01-30

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare malignant neoplasm that most often occurs in the abdomen or pelvis of young men. We herein describe a rare case of desmoplastic small round cell tumor arising from the left orbit in a 16-year-old male. A biopsy was performed and the histology showed the nests of tumor cells with small round cell morphology. The tumor cells showed immunopositivity for desmin, CD99, CD56, SMA, NSE, CgA, SYN, Ki67 and vimentin. Fluorescence in situ hybridization study using EWSR1 break-apart probe was positive for EWSR1 gene rearrangement. After complete surgical resection of the tumor, we did not find tumor recurrence or metastasis with one-year follow-up. Furthermore, a review of the relevant English literature has been discussed. In the present study, for the first time, we report a case of desmoplastic small round cell tumor which is located in the orbital region.

Palliative medicine Death Rounds: small group learning on a vital subject.

PubMed

Kitzes, Judith A; Kalishman, Summers; Kingsley, Darra D; Mines, Jan; Lawrence, Elizabeth

The medical student's experience with patients' dying and death has profound impact on personal and professional development. Death Rounds at the University of New Mexico School of Medicine is a small group educational model that promotes student self-reflection, metacognition, professional growth, and collegial support. To describe the implementation and evaluation activities of a third year clerkship Death Rounds which are a structured, institutionally supported resource for helping students to understand the clinical, ethical, legal, professional, cultural, and spiritual aspects of death. Medical students attend 2 to 3 small group palliative medicine Death Rounds sessions, facilitated by the attending clerkship director, chief residents, and a palliative care physician. The students' assessment of their palliative medicine knowledge and skills in 5 categories before and after participation in Death Rounds rated their skills after Death Rounds higher with effect sizes ranging from 0.9 to 1.9. Evidence from both the Death Rounds Questionnaire and Facilitators' Logs demonstrates that multiple issues and topics were addressed and all associated with the School of Medicine's 6 core competencies. Death Rounds minimally affect on clerkship time and faculty resources.

MAFAGS-OS: New opacity sampling model atmospheres for A, F and G stars. I. The model and the solar flux

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grupp, F.

2004-06-01

We present a new opacity sampling model atmosphere code, named MAFAGS-OS. This code, designed for stars reaching from A0 down to G9 on a solar and metal poor main sequence and up to an evolutionary stage represented by the turnoff is introduced in its basic input physics and modelling techniques. Fe I bound-free cross-sections of \\citet{BAUTISTA97} are used and convection is treated according to \\citet{canuto91}. An αcm-parameter for the efficiency of convection of 0.82 is used as determined by \\citet{BERNKOPF98} from stellar evolution requirements. Within the process of opacity sampling, special attention is drawn to the matter of line selection. We show that a selection criterion, in which lines are chosen by their opacity weighted relative to the continuous background opacity, is useful and valid. The solar model calculated using this new code is shown to fit the measured solar flux distribution. It is also tested against the measured solar colours and leads to U-B=0.21 and B-V=0.64, in good agreement with observation. Comparison with measured centre-to-limb continuum data show only small improvement with respect to opacity-sampling type model atmospheres. This is the first of a series of 2 papers. Paper II will deal with the matter of temperature determination using Balmer lines and the infrared-flux method; furthermore it will present three ``standard'' stars analysed using this new model.

Small Library Automation: Information and Issues. Bulletin No. 91491.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wisconsin State Dept. of Public Instruction, Madison.

Highlighting the issues that confront small libraries who are exploring automation options, this report focuses on microcomputer-based automation systems for circulation and an online patron access catalog (OPAC). The information provided outlines some of the questions that librarians must ask themselves or vendors before they select a specific…

An epidemiological study of salt miners in diesel and nondiesel mines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gamble, J.; Jones, W.; Hudak, J.

1983-01-01

A cross-sectional study of 5 NaCl mines and 259 miners addressed the following questions: 1) Is there an association of increased respiratory symptoms, radiographic findings, and reduced pulmonary function with exposure to nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and/or respirable particulate (RP) among these miners. 2) Is there increased morbidity of these miners compared to other working populations. Personal samples of NO2 and respirable particulate for jobs in each mine were used to estimate cumulative exposure. NO2 is used as a surrogate measure of diesel exposure. Cough was associated with age and smoking, dyspnea with age; neither symptom was associated with exposure (yearsmore » worked, estimated cumulative NO2 or RP exposure). Phlegm was associated with age, smoking, and exposure. Reduced pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1, peak, flow, FEF50, FEF75) showed no association with exposure. There was one case of small rounded and one case of small irregular opacities; pneumoconiosis was not analyzed further. Compared to underground coal miners, above ground coal miners, potash miners, and nonmining workers, the study population after adjustment for age and smoking generally showed no increased prevalence of cough, phlegm, dyspnea, or obstruction (FEV1/FVC less than 0.7). Obstruction in younger salt miners and phlegm in older salt miners was elevated compared to nonmining workers. Mean predicted pulmonary function was reduced 2-4% for FEV1 and FVC, 7-13% for FEF50, and 18-22% for FEF75 below all comparison populations.« less

The Christiansen Effect in Saturn's narrow dusty rings and the spectral identification of clumps in the F ring

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hedman, M.M.; Nicholson, P.D.; Showalter, M.R.; Brown, R.H.; Buratti, B.J.; Clark, R.N.; Baines, K.; Sotin, Christophe

2011-01-01

Stellar occultations by Saturn's rings observed with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) onboard the Cassini spacecraft reveal that dusty features such as the F ring and the ringlets in the Encke and the Laplace Gaps have distinctive infrared transmission spectra. These spectra show a narrow optical depth minimum at wavelengths around 2.87??m. This minimum is likely due to the Christiansen Effect, a reduction in the extinction of small particles when their (complex) refractive index is close to that of the surrounding medium. Simple Mie-scattering models demonstrate that the strength of this opacity dip is sensitive to the size distribution of particles between 1 and 100??m across. Furthermore, the spatial resolution of the occultation data is sufficient to reveal variations in the transmission spectra within and among these rings. In both the Encke Gap ringlets and F ring, the opacity dip weakens with increasing local optical depth, which is consistent with the larger particles being concentrated near the cores of these rings. The Encke Gap ringlets also show systematically weaker opacity dips than the F ring and Laplace Gap ringlet, implying that the former has a smaller fraction of grains less than ~30??m across. However, the strength of the opacity dip varies most dramatically within the F ring; certain compact regions of enhanced optical depth lack an opacity dip and therefore appear to have a greatly reduced fraction of grains in the few-micron size range. Such spectrally-identifiable structures probably represent a subset of the compact optically-thick clumps observed by other Cassini instruments. These variations in the ring's particle size distribution can provide new insights into the processes of grain aggregation, disruption and transport within dusty rings. For example, the unusual spectral properties of the F-ring clumps could perhaps be ascribed to small grains adhering onto the surface of larger particles in regions of anomalously low velocity dispersion. ?? 2011 Elsevier Inc.

Practical interior tomography with radial Hilbert filtering and a priori knowledge in a small round area.

PubMed

Tang, Shaojie; Yang, Yi; Tang, Xiangyang

2012-01-01

Interior tomography problem can be solved using the so-called differentiated backprojection-projection onto convex sets (DBP-POCS) method, which requires a priori knowledge within a small area interior to the region of interest (ROI) to be imaged. In theory, the small area wherein the a priori knowledge is required can be in any shape, but most of the existing implementations carry out the Hilbert filtering either horizontally or vertically, leading to a vertical or horizontal strip that may be across a large area in the object. In this work, we implement a practical DBP-POCS method with radial Hilbert filtering and thus the small area with the a priori knowledge can be roughly round (e.g., a sinus or ventricles among other anatomic cavities in human or animal body). We also conduct an experimental evaluation to verify the performance of this practical implementation. We specifically re-derive the reconstruction formula in the DBP-POCS fashion with radial Hilbert filtering to assure that only a small round area with the a priori knowledge be needed (namely radial DBP-POCS method henceforth). The performance of the practical DBP-POCS method with radial Hilbert filtering and a priori knowledge in a small round area is evaluated with projection data of the standard and modified Shepp-Logan phantoms simulated by computer, followed by a verification using real projection data acquired by a computed tomography (CT) scanner. The preliminary performance study shows that, if a priori knowledge in a small round area is available, the radial DBP-POCS method can solve the interior tomography problem in a more practical way at high accuracy. In comparison to the implementations of DBP-POCS method demanding the a priori knowledge in horizontal or vertical strip, the radial DBP-POCS method requires the a priori knowledge within a small round area only. Such a relaxed requirement on the availability of a priori knowledge can be readily met in practice, because a variety of small round areas (e.g., air-filled sinuses or fluid-filled ventricles among other anatomic cavities) exist in human or animal body. Therefore, the radial DBP-POCS method with a priori knowledge in a small round area is more feasible in clinical and preclinical practice.

Crystalline Subtype of Pre-Descemetic Corneal Dystrophy

PubMed Central

Dolz-Marco, Rosa; Gallego-Pinazo, Roberto; Pinazo-Durán, María Dolores; Díaz-Llopis, Manuel

2014-01-01

Purpose To report corneal findings in a familial case of the crystalline subtype of pre-Descemetic corneal dystrophy. Case Report A 19-year-old girl and her 44-year-old mother were found to have asymptomatic, bilateral, punctiform and multi-colored crystalline opacities across the whole posterior layer of the corneas. Endothelial specular microscopy revealed the presence of white round flecks located at different levels anterior to the endothelium. No systemic abnormalities or medications could be related to account for these findings. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the third familial report of this rare corneal disorder. Differential diagnosis may include Schnyder corneal dystrophy, cystinosis, Bietti´s dystrophy and monoclonal gammopathy. PMID:25279130

Therapeutic Trial for Patients With Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumor and Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumors

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-09-18

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor; Ewing Sarcoma of Bone or Soft Tissue; Localized Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor; Metastatic Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor

Defective eyelid leading edge cell migration in C57BL/6-corneal opacity mice with an "eye open at birth" phenotype.

PubMed

Wu, L C; Liu, C; Jiang, M R; Jiang, Y M; Wang, Q H; Lu, Z Y; Wang, S J; Yang, W L; Shao, Y X

2016-08-26

Development of the eyelid requires coordination of the cellular processes involved in proliferation, cell size alteration, migration, and cell death. C57BL/6J-corneal opacity (B6-Co) mice are mutant mice generated by the administration of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (100 mg/kg). They exhibit the eyelids open at birth phenotype, abnormal round cell shape from tightened F-actin bundles in leading edge keratinocytes at E16.5, and gradual corneal opacity with neovessels. The tip of the leading edge in B6-Co mice did not move forward, and demonstrated a sharp peak shape without obvious directionality. Analysis of the biological characteristics of B6-Co mice demonstrated that abnormal migration of keratinocytes could affect eyelid development, but proliferation and apoptosis in B6-Co mice had no effect. Mutant gene mapping and sequence analysis demonstrated that in B6-Co mice, adenosine was inserted into the untranslated regions, between 3030 and 3031, in the mRNA 3'-terminal of Fgf10. In addition, guanine 7112 was substituted by adenine in the Mtap1B mRNA, and an A2333T mutation was identified in Mtap1B. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that expression of the Hbegf gene was significantly down-regulated in the eyelids of B6- Co mice at E16.5, compared to B6 mice. However, the expression of Rock1, Map3k1, and Jnk1 genes did not show any significant changes. Abnormal keratinocyte migration and down-regulated expression of the Hbegf gene might be associated with impaired eyelid development in B6-Co mice.

Net thermal radiation in the atmosphere of Venus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Revercomb, H. E.; Sromovsky, L. A.; Suomi, V. E.; Boese, R. W.

1985-01-01

Estimates of the true atmospheric net fluxes at the four Pioneer Venus entry sites are presently obtained through corrections of measured values that are relatively small for the case of the clouds, but generally large deeper in the atmosphere. The correction procedure for both the small and large probe fluxes used model results near 14 km to establish the size of the correction. The thermal net fluxes obtained imply that the contribution of mode 3 particles to the IR opacity of the middle and lower clouds is smaller than indicated by the Pioneer Venus cloud particle spectrometer measurements, and the day probe results favor a reduction of only about 50 percent. The fluxes at all sites imply that a yet-undetermined source of considerable opacity is present in the upper cloud. Beneath the clouds, the thermal net fluxes generally increase with increasing latitude.

Emissions of sulfur trioxide from coal-fired power plants.

PubMed

Srivastava, R K; Miller, C A; Erickson, C; Jambhekar, R

2004-06-01

Emissions of sulfur trioxide (SO3) are a key component of plume opacity and acid deposition. Consequently, these emissions need to be low enough to not cause opacity violations and acid deposition. Generally, a small fraction of sulfur (S) in coal is converted to SO3 in coal-fired combustion devices such as electric utility boilers. The emissions of SO3 from such a boiler depend on coal S content, combustion conditions, flue gas characteristics, and air pollution devices being used. It is well known that the catalyst used in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) technology for nitrogen oxides control oxidizes a small fraction of sulfur dioxide in the flue gas to SO3. The extent of this oxidation depends on the catalyst formulation and SCR operating conditions. Gas-phase SO3 and sulfuric acid, on being quenched in plant equipment (e.g., air preheater and wet scrubber), result in fine acidic mist, which can cause increased plume opacity and undesirable emissions. Recently, such effects have been observed at plants firing high-S coal and equipped with SCR systems and wet scrubbers. This paper investigates the factors that affect acidic mist production in coal-fired electric utility boilers and discusses approaches for mitigating emission of this mist.

Reliability and validity of soft copy images based on flat-panel detector in pneumoconiosis classification: comparison with the analog radiographs.

PubMed

Lee, Won-Jeong; Choi, Byung-Soon

2013-06-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of soft copy images based on flat-panel detector of digital radiography (DR-FPD soft copy images) compared to analog radiographs (ARs) in pneumoconiosis classification and diagnosis. DR-FPD soft copy images and ARs from 349 subjects were independently read by four-experienced readers according to the International Labor Organization 2000 guidelines. DR-FPD soft copy images were used to obtain consensus reading (CR) by all readers as the gold standard. Reliability and validity were evaluated by a κ and receiver operating characteristic analysis, respectively. In small opacity, overall interreader agreement of DR-FPD soft copy images was significantly higher than that of ARs, but it was not significantly different in large opacity and costophrenic angle obliteration. In small opacity, agreement of DR-FPD soft copy images with CR was significantly higher than that of ARs with CR. It was also higher than that of ARs with CR in pleural plaque and thickening. Receiver operating characteristic areas were not different significantly between DR-FPD soft copy images and ARs. DR-FPD soft copy images showed accurate and reliable results in pneumoconiosis classification and diagnosis compared to ARs. Copyright © 2013 AUR. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Shot Group Statistics for Small Arms Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

standard deviation. Analysis is presented as applied to one , n-round shot group and then is extended to treat multiple, n-round shot groups. A...dispersion measure for multiple, n-round shot groups can be constructed by selecting one of the dispersion measures listed above, measuring the dispersion of...as applied to one , n-round shot group and then is extended to treat multiple, n-round shot groups. A dispersion measure for multiple, n- round shot

Primary extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue with multiple pure ground-glass opacities: a case report.

PubMed

Ding, Xuebing; Makino, Takashi; Koezuka, Satoshi; Azumi, Takashi; Otsuka, Hajime; Hata, Yoshinobu; Shinya, Yuichi; Tochigi, Naobumi; Shibuya, Kazutoshi; Iyoda, Akira

2017-01-25

Primary pulmonary mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma is a low-grade B cell lymphoma that is a type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and a type of primary pulmonary malignant lymphoma. MALT lymphomas affecting the lung show various findings on chest computed tomography, which range from typical nodules or areas of consolidation to findings that are extremely rare in pulmonary MALT lymphomas, such as pure ground-glass opacities throughout the lung. A 35-year-old woman was found to have a few shadows with ground glass opacities on chest computed tomography (CT) in 2012. A shadow in right S10 that was initially very small increased in size over time, and was 14 × 8 mm in 2015. Other shadows also appeared. Because lung adenocarcinoma was suspected, the patient underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery with a right wedge resection of the lower lobe that included the largest nodule in S10 and other nodules. Histopathological examination of the right S10 and other lesions revealed small- or medium-sized lymphocyte-like cells that were located in the alveolar interseptal spaces. The alveolar walls remained intact. Immunohistochemical staining showed that tumor cells were positive for CD20, CD79a, and BCL2 expression. The lesions were diagnosed as extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT. We think that the ground glass opacities on CT were accounted for by MALT lesions that contained intact alveolar air spaces. The patient has remained well during 12 months of follow up after surgery. Although she did not receive chemotherapy because the MALT lymphoma lesions have been stable without progression, the patient is kept under close observation because of potential progression of the disease.

Impact of near-peer teaching rounds on student satisfaction in the basic surgical clerkship.

PubMed

Lin, Joseph A; Farrow, Norma; Lindeman, Brenessa M; Lidor, Anne O

2017-06-01

Teaching rounds are rarely featured in the surgery clerkship. Senior students interested in surgery are suited to precept teaching rounds. Near-peer teaching can provide benefits to both learners and preceptors. Near-peer teaching rounds consisted of senior student-precetors leading groups of 3 clerkship students on teaching rounds once during the clerkship. We prospectively surveyed student satisfaction before and after instituting near-peer teaching rounds. We retrospectively gathered qualitative narratives from student-preceptors. The survey response rate was 93% before near-peer teaching rounds were instituted and 85% after. Satisfaction with the learning environment and the quality and amount of small-group teaching were significantly higher after the institution of near-peer teaching rounds (P ≤ .001 for all 3). Satisfaction with the overall clerkship and baseline interest in surgery were not significantly different. Student-preceptors reported gaining valuable experience for future roles in academia as residents and attending surgeons. Student satisfaction with small-group teaching and the learning environment increased after the institution of near-peer teaching rounds in the surgery clerkship. Student-preceptors gained early experience for careers in academic surgery. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor with sphere-like clusters mimicking adenocarcinoma.

PubMed

Hattori, Yukinori; Yoshida, Akihiko; Sasaki, Naoshi; Shibuki, Yasuo; Tamura, Kenji; Tsuta, Koji

2015-03-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare and aggressive neoplasm that predominantly affects young men. DSRCT often presents as multiple nodules on the serosal surface and is histologically categorized as a small round cell tumor. However, the cytological spectrum of DSRCT is not fully understood because of its rarity. Here, we report an unusual case of DSRCT that showed spheres of cells without stromal cores in pleural fluid cytology material, a finding that is typically associated with metastatic adenocarcinoma and mesothelioma. The specimen from a simultaneous needle biopsy showed the classic histology of DSRCT, comprising nests of small round cells set in desmoplasia. The diagnosis of DSRCT was further supported by immunohistochemical coexpression of cytokeratin and desmin, as well as Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 gene rearrangement, which was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. The unusual cytological finding in this case illustrates a potential pitfall of the cytological diagnosis of pleural fluid or ascites. DSRCT should not be excluded from the differential diagnosis when sphere-like round cell clusters are observed in pleural or abdominal effusion, particularly in young male patients. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas associated with CIC-DUX4 and BCOR-CCNB3 fusion genes.

PubMed

Yamada, Yuichi; Kuda, Masaaki; Kohashi, Kenichi; Yamamoto, Hidetaka; Takemoto, Junkichi; Ishii, Takeaki; Iura, Kunio; Maekawa, Akira; Bekki, Hirofumi; Ito, Takamichi; Otsuka, Hiroshi; Kuroda, Makoto; Honda, Yumi; Sumiyoshi, Shinji; Inoue, Takeshi; Kinoshita, Naoe; Nishida, Atsushi; Yamashita, Kyoko; Ito, Ichiro; Komune, Shizuo; Taguchi, Tomoaki; Iwamoto, Yukihide; Oda, Yoshinao

2017-04-01

CIC-DUX4 and BCOR-CCNB3 fusion-gene-associated small round cell sarcomas account for a proportion of pediatric small round cell sarcomas, but their pathological features have not been sufficiently clarified. We reviewed a large number of soft tissue tumors registered at our institution, retrieved the cases of unclassified tumors with a small round cell component, and subjected them to histopathological, immunohistochemical, and gene profile analysis. We reviewed 164 cases of unclassified tumors with a small round cell component and analyzed them by RT-PCR and FISH. Tumors positive for a specific fusion-gene were also subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations. We identified 16 cases of BCOR-CCNB3/CIC-associated (CIC-DUX4 or CIC gene rearrangement-positive) sarcomas. These included seven BCOR-CCNB3 sarcomas and nine CIC-associated sarcomas. Heterogeneous elements included a myxoid spindle cell component in three BCOR-CCNB3 sarcomas and an epithelioid cell component in two CIC-associated sarcomas (one CIC-DUX4-positive and one CIC-DUX4-negative sarcomas). Mitotic activity was low in both heterogeneous components. By immunohistochemistry, in seven BCOR-CCNB3 sarcomas expression of EMA was positive in two cases, of p63 in three, of CD56 in six, of TLE1 in seven, of NKX2.2 in two, of CCNB3 in seven, and of BCOR in six cases (one case could not be tested for BCOR). In nine cases of CIC-associated sarcoma, CD56 was expressed in five, alpha-smooth muscle actin in one, ERG in three, and CD99, WT1 and TLE1 each in eight cases. Both sarcoma types showed not only a small round cell component, but also a myxoid/epithelioid component with low mitotic activity.

Round Cell Tumors: Classification and Immunohistochemistry.

PubMed

Sharma, Shweta; Kamala, R; Nair, Divya; Ragavendra, T Raju; Mhatre, Swapnil; Sabharwal, Robin; Choudhury, Basanta Kumar; Rana, Vivek

2017-01-01

Round cell tumors as the name suggest are comprised round cells with increased nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio. This group of tumor includes entities such as peripheral neuroectodermal tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, synovial sarcoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, neuroblastoma, hepatoblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. These round cells tumors are characterized by typical histological pattern, immunohistochemical, and electron microscopic features that can help in differential diagnosis. The present article describes the classification and explains the histopathology and immunohistochemistry of some important round cell tumors.

Imaging-guided thoracoscopic resection of a ground-glass opacity lesion in a hybrid operating room equipped with a robotic C-arm CT system.

PubMed

Hsieh, Chen-Ping; Hsieh, Ming-Ju; Fang, Hsin-Yueh; Chao, Yin-Kai

2017-05-01

The intraoperative identification of small pulmonary nodules through video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery remains challenging. Although preoperative CT-guided nodule localization is commonly used to detect tumors during video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS), this approach carries inherent risks. We report the case of a patient with stage I lung cancer presenting as an area of ground-glass opacity (GGO) in the right upper pulmonary lobe. He successfully underwent a single-stage, CT-guided localization and removal of the pulmonary nodule within a hybrid operating room (OR) equipped with a robotic C-arm.

[Intra-abdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumour].

PubMed

Briseño-Hernández, Andrés Alejandro; Quezada-López, Deissy Roxana; Corona-Cobián, Lilia Edith; Castañeda-Chávez, Agar; Duarte-Ojeda, Alfonso Tonatiuh; Macías-Amezcua, Michel Dassaejv

2015-01-01

The desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare and aggressive intra-abdominal neoplasia, with only 200 cases reported, and a higher incidence in men and predilection for the second decade of life. Histologically characterized by the presence of small nests of undifferentiated tumour cells, wrapped in fibrous desmoplastic stroma. A 24 year old male started with abdominal pain of 4 weeks onset in the right upper quadrant, colic type, sporadic, self-limiting and accompanied by early satiety, decreased appetite, and involuntary weight loss of 10 kg in 3 months. At the time of admission the abdomen was globular, with decreased peristalsis, soft, depressible. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed multiple enlarged lymph nodes in the abdominal-pelvic cavity. A laparotomy was performed, with a subsequent omentum resection due to the presence of multiple tumours, which microscopically were characterised by groups of small, round, blue cells, separated by a desmoplastic stroma. The immunohistochemistry was positive for desmin (> 75%), epithelial membrane antigen (> 75%), CD99 (> 50%), and S100 (25%), concluding with an abdominal tumour of small, round, blue cells as a diagnosis. Chemotherapy treatment was initiated based on IMAP plus GM-CSF. The desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare neoplasia, with diagnostic complexity and a lethal course. Its clinical presentation is unspecific. Histologically, it is classified as an aggressive soft tissue sarcoma that shares similar characteristics with the family of the small and blue cells tumours. Copyright © 2015 Academia Mexicana de Cirugía A.C. Published by Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.

[Surgical Treatment of Small Pulmonary Nodules Under Video-assisted Thoracoscopy 
(A Report of 129 Cases)].

PubMed

Wang, Tong; Yan, Tiansheng; Wan, Feng; Ma, Shaohua; Wang, Keyi; Wang, Jingdi; Song, Jintao; He, Wei; Bai, Jie; Jin, Liang

2017-01-20

The development of image technology has led to increasing detection of pulmonary small nodules year by year, but the determination of their nature before operation is difficult. This clinical study aimed to investigate the necessity and feasibility of surgical resection of pulmonary small nodules through a minimally invasive approach and the operational manner of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The clinical data of 129 cases with pulmonary small nodule of 10 mm or less in diameter were retrospectively analyzed in our hospital from December 2013 to November 2016. Thin-section computed tomography (CT) was performed on all cases with 129 pulmonary small nodules. CT-guided hook-wire precise localization was performed on 21 cases. Lobectomy, wedge resection, and segmentectomy with lymph node dissection might be performed in patients according to physical condition. Results of the pathological examination of 37 solid pulmonary nodules (SPNs) revealed 3 primary squamous cell lung cancers, 3 invasive adenocarcinomas (IAs), 2 metastatic cancers, 2 small cell lung cancers (SCLCs), 16 hamartomas, and 12 nonspecific chronic inflammations. The results of pathological examination of 49 mixed ground glass opacities revealed 19 IAs, 6 micro invasive adenocarcinomas (MIAs), 4 adenocarcinomas in situ (AIS), 1 atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), 1 SCLC, and 18 nonspecific chronic inflammations. The results of pathological examination of 43 pure ground glass opacities revealed 19 AIS, 6 MIAs, 6 IA, 6 AAHs, and 6 nonspecific chronic inflammations. Wedge resection under video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) was performed in patients with 52 benign pulmonary small nodules. Lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection under VATS were performed in 33 patients with NSCLC. Segmentectomy with selective lymph node dissection, wedge resection, and selective lymph node dissection under VATS were performed in six patients with NSCLC. Two patients received secondary lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection under VATS because of intraoperative frozen pathologic error that happened in six cases. Two cases of N2 lymph node metastasis were found in patients with SPN of IA. Positive surgical treatment should be taken on patients with persistent pulmonary small nodules, especially ground glass opacity, because they have a high rate of malignant lesions. During the perioperative period, surgeons should fully inform the patients and family members that error exist in frozen pathologic results to avoid medical disputes.

Paratesticular desmoplastic small round cell tumour: an unusual tumour with an unusual fusion; cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis combining RT-PCR and COBRA-FISH.

PubMed

Cliteur, Vincent Pm; Szuhai, Károly; Baelde, Hans J; van Dam, Jurriaan; Gelderblom, Hans; Hogendoorn, Pancras Cw

2012-01-25

Desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare malignant tumour with a male to female ratio of 4:1. It manifests mostly at serosal sites. Here we present a case of a 28-year-old male patient, who presented with a fast growing paratesticular mass. On biopsy nests and cords of small round cells, without a clear morphological lineage of differentiation were seen. Occasionally desmoplatic small round cell tumour shows different lines of differentiation. An unequivocal histological diagnosis might be difficult in such cases. Here we demonstrate by a combination of methods the characteristic immunohistochemical profile and - albeit unusual - molecular background and discuss the eventual link with Ewing sarcoma.Immunohistochemical studies showed a membranous staining of Keratine AE1/3 and a dot-like staining of Desmine, confirming its diagnosis. Using COBRA-FISH following a metaphase approach we demonstrated a balanced translocation, t(11;22)(p13;q12) and in RT-PCR formation of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion product, a specific translocation of desmoplastic round cell tumour. The fusion involves exon 9 of EWSR1 to exon 8 of WT1, an unusual fusion product, though earlier described in a case of a desmoplastic small round cell tumour of the hand. The EWSR1-WT1 chimera seems to function as an oncogenic transcription factor. Here the zinc finger domain of the WT1 acts with affinity with certain promoter domains influencing the expression of various downstream proteins such as: PDGFA, PAX2, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, IL2 receptor beta, BAIAP3, MLF1, TALLA-1, LRRC15 and ENT. We discuss their potential oncogenic roles and potential therapeutic consequences.

Paratesticular desmoplastic small round cell tumour: an unusual tumour with an unusual fusion; cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis combining RT-PCR and COBRA-FISH

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumour is a rare malignant tumour with a male to female ratio of 4:1. It manifests mostly at serosal sites. Here we present a case of a 28-year-old male patient, who presented with a fast growing paratesticular mass. On biopsy nests and cords of small round cells, without a clear morphological lineage of differentiation were seen. Occasionally desmoplatic small round cell tumour shows different lines of differentiation. An unequivocal histological diagnosis might be difficult in such cases. Here we demonstrate by a combination of methods the characteristic immunohistochemical profile and - albeit unusual - molecular background and discuss the eventual link with Ewing sarcoma. Immunohistochemical studies showed a membranous staining of Keratine AE1/3 and a dot-like staining of Desmine, confirming its diagnosis. Using COBRA-FISH following a metaphase approach we demonstrated a balanced translocation, t(11;22)(p13;q12) and in RT-PCR formation of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion product, a specific translocation of desmoplastic round cell tumour. The fusion involves exon 9 of EWSR1 to exon 8 of WT1, an unusual fusion product, though earlier described in a case of a desmoplastic small round cell tumour of the hand. The EWSR1-WT1 chimera seems to function as an oncogenic transcription factor. Here the zinc finger domain of the WT1 acts with affinity with certain promoter domains influencing the expression of various downstream proteins such as: PDGFA, PAX2, insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, IL2 receptor beta, BAIAP3, MLF1, TALLA-1, LRRC15 and ENT. We discuss their potential oncogenic roles and potential therapeutic consequences. PMID:22587803

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the lung.

PubMed

Muramatsu, Takashi; Shimamura, Mie; Furuichi, Motohiko; Nishii, Tatsuhiko; Takeshita, Shinji; Shiono, Motomi

2010-12-01

We report a rare case of desmoplastic small round cell tumor, which arose from the left lung. A 25-year-old man was found to have an abnormal shadow during a routine physical examination and was admitted to our hospital. A thoracoscopic tumor biopsy was performed under general anesthesia. According to the histopathologic findings of permanent sections, the tumor was composed of sharply outlined nests, clusters, and trabeculae of small round to oval cells separated by a spindle-shaped desmoplastic stroma. A gene analysis revealed chimera genes of Ewing's sarcoma and Wilms' tumor by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Copyright © 2010 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Adult Case of Fulminant Mumps Keratitis With Positive Viral RNA in Aqueous Humor Detected by RT-PCR.

PubMed

Shibata, Teppei; Takahashi, Yoriko; Okamoto, Ayako; Sasaki, Hiroshi; Kitagawa, Kazuko

2016-04-01

To report an adult case of mumps keratitis with mumps virus in aqueous humor and decreased corneal endothelial cell density. Case report. A 60-year-old female with a 39°C fever and bilateral parotid swelling diagnosed with mumps and treated for photophobia, pain, redness, and decreased vision in 1 eye, was referred to our hospital when her condition deteriorated despite receiving betamethasone phosphate instillation and antiglaucoma agents for elevated intraocular pressure (52 mm Hg) and iritis. Her right eye was normal, whereas her left eye showed 20/400 visual acuity, 21 mm Hg intraocular pressure, ciliary injection and edema, opacity, and Descemet folds in the entire cornea. Round white keratic precipitates were present on the posterior corneal surface, whereas anterior chamber cells could not be examined in detail because of corneal edema. Mumps virus was detected by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in an aqueous humor sample taken at the time of admission. Following diagnosis of keratitis, administration of 30 mg oral prednisolone daily and frequent instillation of betamethasone phosphate steadily improved her corneal edema and opacity. In her left eye, visual acuity recovered to 20/16 and keratitis was resolved at 4 weeks; however, corneal endothelial cell density was significantly decreased to less than 400 per square millimeter. Mumps keratitis may cause severe corneal endothelial cell loss.

Relationships (II) of International Classification of High-resolution Computed Tomography for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases with ventilatory functions indices for parenchymal abnormalities.

PubMed

Tamura, Taro; Suganuma, Narufumi; Hering, Kurt G; Vehmas, Tapio; Itoh, Harumi; Akira, Masanori; Takashima, Yoshihiro; Hirano, Harukazu; Kusaka, Yukinori

2015-01-01

The International Classification of High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) for Occupational and Environmental Respiratory Diseases (ICOERD) is used to screen and diagnose respiratory illnesses. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we investigated the relationship between subject characteristics and parenchymal abnormalities according to ICOERD, and the results of ventilatory function tests (VFT). Thirty-five patients with and 27 controls without mineral-dust exposure underwent VFT and HRCT. We recorded all subjects' occupational history for mineral dust exposure and smoking history. Experts independently assessed HRCT using the ICOERD parenchymal abnormalities (Items) grades for well-defined rounded opacities (RO), linear and/or irregular opacities (IR), and emphysema (EM). High-resolution computed tomography showed that 11 patients had RO; 15 patients, IR; and 19 patients, EM. According to the multiple regression model, age and height had significant associations with many indices ventilatory functions such as vital capacity, forced vital capacity, and forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1). The EM summed grades on the upper, middle, and lower zones of the right and left lungs also had significant associations with FEV1 and the maximum mid-expiratory flow rate. The results suggest the ICOERD notation is adequate based on the good and significant multiple regression modeling of ventilatory function with the EM summed grades.

Characterization of the atmosphere above a site for millimeter wave astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasir, Francesco Tony; Buffa, Franco; Deiana, Gian Luigi

2011-04-01

The Sardinia Radio Telescope (SRT) is a challeging scientific project managed by the National Institute for Astrophysics (INAF), it is being developed at 30 km North of the city of Cagliari, Italy. The goal of the SRT project is to build a general purpose, fully steerable, 64 m diameter radio telescope, capable of operating with high efficiency in the centimeter and millimeter frequency range (0.3-100 GHz). In portions of this frequency range, especially towards the high end, astronomical observations can be heavily deteriorated by non-optimal atmospheric conditions, especially by water vapor content. The water molecule permanent electric dipole in fact, leads to pressure broadened rotational transitions around the 22.23 GHz spectral line. Furthermore, water vapor's continuum absorption and emission may influence higher frequency observations too. To a lower degree, cloud liquid black body radiation can also affect centimeter and millimeter observations. In addition to this, inhomogeneities in water vapor distributions can cause signal phase errors which introduce a great amount of uncertainty to VLBI mode observations. The Astronomical Observatory of Cagliari (OA-CA) has obtained historical timeseries of radiosonde profiles conducted at the airport of Cagliari. Through the radiosonde measurements and an appropriate radiative transfer model, we have performed a statistical analysis of the SRT site's atmosphere which accounts for atmospheric opacity at different frequencies, integrated water vapor (IWV), integrated liquid water (ILW) and cloud cover distributions during the year. This will help to investigate in which period of the year astronomical observations at different frequencies should be performed preferably. The results show that, at the SRT site, K-band astronomical observations are possible all year round, the median opacity at 22.23 GHz is 0.10 Np in the winter (Dec-Jan-Feb) and 0.16 Np in the summer (Jun-Jul-Aug). Integrated water vapor during winter months ranges, on average, between 7 and 15 mm. Cloud cover is usually not present for more than 36% of the time during the year. The atmospheric opacity study indicates that observations at higher frequencies (50-100 GHz) may be performed usefully: the median opacity at 100 GHz is usually below or equal to 0.2 Np in the period that ranges from January to April.

Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

Previous animal studies have not conclusively determined the association between exposure to humidifier disinfectants (HDs) containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and/or 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) and development of HD-associated lung injuries. Nonetheless, patients exposed to HDs containing only CMIT and/or MIT showed clinically similar lung injuries to those exposed to HDs containing polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) or oligo (2-[2-ethoxy]ethoxyethyl) guanidinium chloride (PGH). Here, we report twin sisters with lung injuries associated with exposure to CMIT/MIT-containing HDs. At 6 months of age, a younger twin sister presented with the 3-day history of cough, sputum, and respiratory difficulty. Chest radiography revealed multiple patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacities with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Thoracostomy was performed due to pneumothorax at admission and she was discharged at 11 days of hospitalization. At 5 years of age, multiple tiny nodules and faint centrilobular ground-glass opacities were observed with the small pneumatocele. The elder sister visited a tertiary hospital due to dyspnea at 12 months of age. Chest radiography showed consolidation, pneumomediastinum, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema. There was no response to the administration of immunosuppressant drugs and antifibrotic agents. At 5 years of age, chest CT revealed ground-glass opacity and multiple tiny centrilobular ground-glass opacities nodules in both lungs with exercise intolerance. PMID:29651817

Two Cases of Chloromethylisothiazolinone and Methylisothiazolinone-associated Toxic Lung Injury.

PubMed

Lee, Eun; Son, Seung Kook; Yoon, Jisun; Cho, Hyun Ju; Yang, Song I; Jung, Sungsu; Do, Kyung Hyun; Cho, Young Ah; Lee, So Yeon; Park, Dong Uk; Hong, Soo Jong

2018-04-16

Previous animal studies have not conclusively determined the association between exposure to humidifier disinfectants (HDs) containing 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (CMIT) and/or 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (MIT) and development of HD-associated lung injuries. Nonetheless, patients exposed to HDs containing only CMIT and/or MIT showed clinically similar lung injuries to those exposed to HDs containing polyhexamethylene guanidine (PHMG) or oligo (2-[2-ethoxy]ethoxyethyl) guanidinium chloride (PGH). Here, we report twin sisters with lung injuries associated with exposure to CMIT/MIT-containing HDs. At 6 months of age, a younger twin sister presented with the 3-day history of cough, sputum, and respiratory difficulty. Chest radiography revealed multiple patchy consolidation and ground-glass opacities with pneumothorax and pneumomediastinum. Thoracostomy was performed due to pneumothorax at admission and she was discharged at 11 days of hospitalization. At 5 years of age, multiple tiny nodules and faint centrilobular ground-glass opacities were observed with the small pneumatocele. The elder sister visited a tertiary hospital due to dyspnea at 12 months of age. Chest radiography showed consolidation, pneumomediastinum, and pulmonary interstitial emphysema. There was no response to the administration of immunosuppressant drugs and antifibrotic agents. At 5 years of age, chest CT revealed ground-glass opacity and multiple tiny centrilobular ground-glass opacities nodules in both lungs with exercise intolerance. © 2018 The Korean Academy of Medical Sciences.

A Case of Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

PubMed

Reisner, David; Brahee, Deborah; Patel, Shweta; Hartman, Matthew

2015-08-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare, aggressive tumor primarily affecting young males. It is considered a childhood cancer, and is characterized by a unique chromosomal translocation which leads to failure to suppress tumor growth. It is classified as a soft tissue sarcoma, sharing some features with other small round cell tumors such as Ewing's Sarcoma and primitive neuroectodermal tumor. Typical imaging findings include multiple heterogeneous, lobular abdominal masses, which can grow very large. Often there is a dominant mass with additional peritoneal, omental, retroperitoneal and retrovesical masses. Prognosis is relatively poor with a 3 year survival rate of 50% in those treated aggressively with surgical resection, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The clinical presentation, imaging characteristics and pathology are discussed in regards to a recent case.

Transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities occurring during osimertinib treatment

PubMed Central

Noonan, Sinead A.; Sachs, Peter B.; Camidge, D. Ross

2017-01-01

Introduction Osimertinib is an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) Inhibitor licensed for the treatment of EGFR mutant, T790M positive, non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Previously unreported, common, transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities (TAPOs) were noted at the University of Colorado in patients during osimertinib therapy. Methods CT imaging and clinical notes of NSCLC patients treated at the University of Colorado with osimertinib were retrospectively reviewed. Results Seven of twenty patients (35%), developed TAPOs while on osimertinib. The radiological patterns seen included ground-glass opacities with/without nodular consolidation. The median time to first lesion development was 8.7 weeks (range: 1.6 – 43 weeks) and 6 weeks (range: 1 – 11 weeks) to resolution during continued osimertinib. Conclusions TAPOs may be a previously unrecognized, benign feature associated with osimertinib therapy, which may be mistaken for isolated pulmonary progression or the beginning of more severe pneumonitis. If new onset pulmonary lesions, especially those associated with ground-glass appearances, are asymptomatic, localized and there is no evidence of disease progression elsewhere it may be reasonable to continue treatment with osimertinib and monitor these lesions for resolution. PMID:27618759

26-year radiographic follow-up of workers in a diatomite mine and mill

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cooper, W.C.; Sargent, E.N.

1984-06-01

Chest roentgenograms of 473 employees of a California diatomite plant were reviewed as part of periodic reevaluation of the efficacy of the dust control program. The plant's processing of diatomite included flux-calcination, which provided opportunities for exposure to cristobalite. The films examined were those of workers with at least five years of service. Only 11 films were interpreted as showing changes consistent with pneumoconiosis, i.e., small opacities of profusion categorized as 1/1 or greater. Only six were classified as 1/2 or more. All who developed categories 1/1 or higher during their employment had more than 25 years of service. Nomore » large opacities were reported. The low prevalence of abnormalities and the absence of definite pneumoconiosis in employees with fewer than 25 years of service was in striking contrast with findings in 1953. At that time more than 25% of those with five or more years of employment had roentgenographic evidence of pneumoconiosis and over 10% had confluent changes producing large opacities.« less

7 CFR 52.1845 - Sizes of seedless raisins.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... raisins will pass through round perforations 22/64-inch in diameter, but not more than 10 percent, by weight, of all the raisins may pass through round perforations 20/64-inch in diameter. (b) Small or midget size raisins means that 95 percent, by weight, of all the raisins will pass through round...

Clinicopathologic Diversity of Undifferentiated Sarcoma With BCOR-CCNB3 Fusion: Analysis of 11 Cases With a Reappraisal of the Utility of Immunohistochemistry for BCOR and CCNB3.

PubMed

Matsuyama, Atsuji; Shiba, Eisuke; Umekita, Yoshihisa; Nosaka, Kanae; Kamio, Takihiro; Yanai, Hiroyuki; Miyasaka, Chika; Watanabe, Reiko; Ito, Ichiro; Tamaki, Tomoko; Hayashi, Shinichi; Hisaoka, Masanori

2017-12-01

Undifferentiated sarcoma harboring the BCOR-CCNB3 fusion is characterized by its predilection to affect skeletons of adolescent males, cellular small round/spindle cell morphology, and CCNB3 immunoreactivity. We analyzed 11 cases of BCOR-CCNB3 sarcoma, 10 of which were identified in a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction-based screen of 85 patient samples recorded in our database as unclassified small round or spindle cell sarcomas. BCOR rearrangements were confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 8 tumors. All patients were males aged between 6 and 31 years. In addition to 5 tumors in soft tissue and 4 in the axial or appendicular skeletons, which are typical locations, a tumor was located in the paranasal sinus and another in the lung. Microscopically, the tumors comprised proliferating atypical spindle and/or small round cells with diverse morphologic features such as small concentric whorls, myxoid stroma, a hemangiopericytomatous appearance, and/or hyalinized collagen resembling a solitary fibrous tumor, and angiomatous or slit-like spaces containing extravasated erythrocytes. Tumor cells were immunoreactive to CCNB3 (9/11), BCOR (10/10), TLE1 (6/10), bcl-2 (9/11), CD99 (8/10), CD56 (8/10), c-kit (4/10), and cyclin D1 (10/10). In an immunohistochemical analysis of an additional 412 small round or spindle cell tumors, CCNB3 was detected in 6 (1.5%) and BCOR in 18 (4.4%). Our analysis highlights the varying clinicopathologic features of this tumor, which partially overlap with other small round or spindle cell tumors, including solitary fibrous tumor and vascular tumors. Because CCNB3 and BCOR immunohistochemistry lacks adequate sensitivity and specificity, a molecular genetic approach remains essential for diagnosis.

Development of termination and utilization concepts for flat conductor cables. Volume 2: Utilization of small gage wire round conductor cables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The practical use of small-gage round wire for electrical wiring in manned air and space vehicle environments is discussed. The investigation consisted on a study of wire construction and candidate wire harness concepts, fabrication of small-gage wire harnesses, and verification of promising configurations by laboratory evaluation. The wire constructions selected for harness fabrication are described. Results of the laboratory evaluation are included.

Three-dimensional microscopic tomographic imagings of the cataract in a human lens in vivo

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masters, Barry R.

1998-10-01

The problem of three-dimensional visualization of a human lens in vivo has been solved by a technique of volume rendering a transformed series of 60 rotated Scheimpflug (a dual slit reflected light microscope) digital images. The data set was obtained by rotating the Scheimpflug camera about the optic axis of the lens in 3 degree increments. The transformed set of optical sections were first aligned to correct for small eye movements, and then rendered into a volume reconstruction with volume rendering computer graphics techniques. To help visualize the distribution of lens opacities (cataracts) in the living, human lens the intensity of light scattering was pseudocolor coded and the cataract opacities were displayed as a movie.

Space-frame connection for small-diameter round timber

Treesearch

Ronald W. Wolfe; Agron E. Gjinolli; John R. King

2000-01-01

To promote more efficient use of small-diameter timber, research efforts are being focused on the development and evaluation of connection methods that can be easily applied to non-standard round wood profiles. This report summarizes an evaluation of a bdowel-nut connectionc as an option for the use of Douglas-fir peeler cores in three-dimensional truss or bspace-...

Risk Factors for Cortical, Nuclear, Posterior Subcapsular, and Mixed Lens Opacities: The Los Angeles Latino Eye Study

PubMed Central

Richter, Grace M.; Torres, Mina; Choudhury, Farzana; Azen, Stanley P.; Varma, Rohit

2012-01-01

Purpose To identify socio-demographic and biological risk factors associated with having cortical, nuclear, posterior sub-capsular (PSC), and mixed lens opacities. Design Population-based, cross-sectional study Participants Five thousand nine hundred forty-five Latinos 40 years and older from 6 census tracts in Los Angeles, California. Methods Participants underwent an interview and detailed eye examination, including best-corrected visual acuity and slit-lamp assessment of lens opacities using the Lens Opacities Classification System II. Univariate and stepwise logistic regression analyses were used to identify independent risk factors associated with each type of lens opacity. Main Outcome Measures Odds ratios for socio-demographic and biological risk factors associated with cortical only, nuclear only, PSC only, and mixed lens opacities. Results Of the 5945 participants with gradable lenses, 468 had cortical only lens opacities, 217 had nuclear only lens opacities, 27 had PSC only opacities, and 364 had mixed lens opacities. Older age, higher hemoglobin A1c, and history of diabetes mellitus were independent risk factors for cortical only lens opacities. Older age, smoking, and myopic refractive error were independent risk factors for nuclear only lens opacities. Higher systolic blood pressure and history of diabetes were independent risk factors for posterior sub-capsular lens opacities. Older age, myopic refractive error, history of diabetes, higher systolic blood pressure, female gender, and presence of large drusen were independent risk factors for mixed lens opacities. Conclusions The modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors identified in this study provide insight into the mechanisms related to the development of lens opacification. Improved glycemic control, smoking cessation and prevention, and blood pressure control may help to reduce the risk of having lens opacities and their associated vision loss. PMID:22197433

Interactions between invasive round gobies (Neogobius melanostomous) and fantail darters (Etheostoma flabellare) in a tributary of the St. Lawrence River, New York, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Abbett, Ross; Waldt, Emily M.; Johnson, James H.; McKenna, James E.; Dittman, Dawn E.

2013-01-01

The initial, rapid expansion of the invasive round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) throughout the Great Lakes drainage was largely confined to lentic systems. We recently observed round gobies ascending two tributaries of the St. Lawrence River. The expansion of gobies into small lotic environments may place ecologically similar species at risk. Fantail darter (Etheostoma flabellare) is one of the several benthic species of the New York Great Lakes drainages that are threatened by round goby invasion. We examined the habitat use and diet composition of fantail darters and round gobies in Mullet Creek, a third-order tributary of the St. Lawrence River, NY, USA. The objectives of this study were to determine the degree of habitat and diet overlap between fantail darters and round gobies in a tributary of the St. Lawrence River. Gobies and darters co-occurred at 22% of capture sites. Of the four habitat variables examined (cover, depth, substrate and velocity), only depth use was significantly different with gobies using deeper habitats than darters. Among the two species and size classes sampled (large vs. small), large darters had the most restricted habitat use requirements. There was variation in round goby and darter diet composition, but only moderate diet overlap occurred between fantail darters and round gobies (Cλ = 0.43). Conditions in Mullet Creek were appropriate for the evaluation of possible spatial and dietary competition between round goby and native darters. Early detection and management of round goby invasions is critical to maintaining ecological integrity of lotic ecosystems in the St. Lawrence Valley.

Diets and diet overlap of nonindigenous gobies and small benthic native fishes co-inhabiting the St. Clair River, Michigan

USGS Publications Warehouse

French, John R. P.; Jude, David J.

2001-01-01

Round gobies (Neogobius melanostomus), after successfully reproducing in the early 1990s, decimated populations of mottled sculpins (Cottus bairdi) and possibly logperch (Percina caprodes) in the St. Clair River. Studies were conducted during 1994 to determine whether diets of round and tubenose (Proterorhinus marmoratus) gobies overlapped with those of native forage fishes. In the nearshore zone (depth ≤ 1 m), round and tubenose gobies, logperch, and rainbow darters (Etheostoma caeruleum) of similar sizes (total lengths < 75 mm) consumed mainly small-sized macroinvertebrates (dipterans, Caenis, and amphipods) during June 1994. Logperch and rainbow darters were present in the nearshore zone only during this month. At the crest of the channel slope (depth = 3 m), round gobies and northern madtoms (Noturus stigmosus) ate mostly ephemeropteran nymphs (Hexagenia and Baetisca), while predation on zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and other mollusks by round gobies was minimal. Northern madtoms did not feed on mollusks. Diet overlap between round gobies and native fishes was not observed at the channel slope (depth = 5 m and 7 m) due to heavy predation on mollusks by round gobies. Young-of-the-year (YOY) round gobies migrated to deeper water in autumn and became prey of mottled sculpins and northern madtoms. Eggs and YOY of mottled sculpins may have become vulnerable to predation by both round gobies and native fishes in deeper water, since adult mottled sculpins were apparently confined to the channel with limited home range because aggressive round gobies occupied preferred shallow habitat, including spawning sites.

Powder-driven-nail connections for round timber

Treesearch

Ronald W. Wolfe; KugBo Shim; Marshall Begel

2003-01-01

In an effort to encourage the development of value-added engineered applications for small diameter round timber, research is being conducted at the US Forest Products Laboratory to develop and verify design guidelines for connections with specific application to round timbers. The objective of this work is to provide potential users with a number of viable connection...

Opacity, metallicity, and Cepheid period ratios in the galaxy and Magellanic Clouds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simon, Norman R.; Kanbur, Shashi M.

1994-01-01

Linear pulsation calculations are employed to reproduce the bump Cepheid resonance (P(sub 2)/P(sub 0) = 0.5 at P(sub 0) approximately equal to 10 days) and to model, individually, the P(sub 1)/P(sub 0) period ratios for the dozen known Galactic beat Cepheids. Convection is ignored. The results point to a range of metallicity among the Cepheids, perhaps as large as 0.01 approximately less than Z approximately less than 0.02, with no evidence for any star exceeding Z = 0.02. We find masses and luminosities which range from M approximately less than 4 solar mass, log(base 10) approximately less than 3.0 at P(sub 0) approximately equal to 3 days to M approximately less than 6 solar mass, log(base 10) L approximately greater than 3.5 at P(sub 0) approximately equal to 10 days. Similar parameters are indicated for the P(sub 0) approximately equal to 10 days Cepheids in the LMC and SMC, provided that the resonance for these stars occurs at a slightly longer period, P(sub 0) days, as has been suggested in the literature. Our calculations were performed mainly using OPAL opacities, but also with new opacities from the Opacity project (OP). Only small differences were found between the OPAL results and those from OP. Finally, some suggestions are made for possible future work, including evolution and pulsation calculations, and more precise observations of Cepheids in the Magellanic Clouds.

SOLAR OPACITY CALCULATIONS USING THE SUPER-TRANSITION-ARRAY METHOD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krief, M.; Feigel, A.; Gazit, D., E-mail: menahem.krief@mail.huji.ac.il

A new opacity model has been developed based on the Super-Transition-Array (STA) method for the calculation of monochromatic opacities of plasmas in local thermodynamic equilibrium. The atomic code, named STAR (STA-Revised), is described and used to calculate spectral opacities for a solar model implementing the recent AGSS09 composition. Calculations are carried out throughout the solar radiative zone. The relative contributions of different chemical elements and atomic processes to the total Rosseland mean opacity are analyzed in detail. Monochromatic opacities and charge-state distributions are compared with the widely used Opacity Project (OP) code, for several elements near the radiation–convection interface. STARmore » Rosseland opacities for the solar mixture show a very good agreement with OP and the OPAL opacity code throughout the radiation zone. Finally, an explicit STA calculation was performed of the full AGSS09 photospheric mixture, including all heavy metals. It was shown that, due to their extremely low abundance, and despite being very good photon absorbers, the heavy elements do not affect the Rosseland opacity.« less

Radiative opacities of iron using a difference algebraic converging method at temperatures near solar convection zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fan, Zhixiang; Sun, Weiguo; Zhang, Yi; Fu, Jia; Hu, Shide; Fan, Qunchao

2018-03-01

An interpolation method named difference algebraic converging method for opacity (DACMo) is proposed to study the opacities and transmissions of metal plasmas. The studies on iron plasmas at temperatures near the solar convection zone show that (1) the DACMo values reproduce most spectral structures and magnitudes of experimental opacities and transmissions. (2) The DACMo can be used to predict unknown opacities at other temperature Te' and density ρ' using the opacity constants obtained at ( Te , ρ). (3) The DACMo may predict reasonable opacities which may not be available experimentally but the least-squares (LS) method does not. (4) The computational speed of the DACMo is at least 10 times faster than that of the original difference converging method for opacity.

77 FR 87 - Taking of Marine Mammals Incidental to Specified Activities; U.S. Marine Corps Training Exercises...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-03

... ordnances proposed for use at BT-9 and BT- 11 include small arms, large arms, bombs, rockets, missiles, and... number of takes for all types of ordnance (including practice bombs and 25-mm live rounds). Response... error; high explosive rounds planned for use by USMC include only 30- and 40-mm rounds. Practice bombs...

A case report of CIC-rearranged undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma in the cerebrum.

PubMed

Ito, Mayumi; Ishikawa, Misawo; Kitajima, Masateru; Narita, Jun; Hattori, Shinya; Endo, Otone; Goto, Keisuke

2016-10-01

CIC-rearranged undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma (CIC-rearranged USRCS) is a recently established type of Ewing-like small round cell sarcomas, characterized by CIC gene rearrangement, most commonly CIC-DUX4 fusion. This report presents the second case of CIC-rearranged USRCS arising primarily in the cerebrum. A 64-year-old otherwise healthy woman presented with a 1 × 1 cm sized hemorrhagic subcortical tumor in the left temporo-parietal lobe. The tumor repeatedly recurred, and the patient underwent three surgeries, chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide, and radiotherapy, as well as gamma knife surgery. Systemic examination revealed no other extracranial masses. Imprint cytology revealed small to moderate-sized round-to-ovoid tumor cells with mild pleomorphism and variations in size and shape. The nuclei contained finely granular chromatin, and some had easily-recognizable nucleoli. The tumor exhibited a mainly cytoplasmic pattern of CD99 immunostaining, rather than a diffuse membranous pattern. The tumor also exhibited diffuse positivity for calretinin and p16, as well as partial positivity for WT1 (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern) and D2-40. FISH assessment showed CIC split signals. In conclusion, CIC-rearranged USRCSs can occur primarily in the cerebrum. It would be impossible to diagnose them through cytology alone, but cytology would be useful to rule out other small round cell brain tumors including gliomas, lymphomas, carcinomas, and germinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis including tests for CD99, calretinin, and WT1 would help to suggest CIC-rearranged USRCSs and distinguish them from Ewing sarcomas. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for p16 might be useful in the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:828-832. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

40 CFR 60.1760 - What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... opacity monitoring system and how are the data used? 60.1760 Section 60.1760 Protection of Environment... continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used? (a) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system. (b) Install, evaluate, and operate each continuous opacity...

Effect of quantifying peptide release on ruminal protein degradation determined using the inhibitor in vitro system.

PubMed

Colombini, S; Broderick, G A; Clayton, M K

2011-04-01

The aim of this work was to compare use of an o-phthaldialdehyde (OPA) colorimetric assay (OPA-C), which responds to both free AA and peptides, with an OPA fluorimetric assay (OPA-F), which is insensitive to peptides, to quantify rates of ruminal protein degradation in the inhibitor in vitro system using Michaelis-Menten saturation kinetics. Four protein concentrates (expeller-extracted soybean meal, ESBM; 2 solvent-extracted soybean meals, SSBM1 and SSBM2; and casein) were incubated in a ruminal in vitro system treated with hydrazine and chloramphenicol to inhibit microbial uptake of protein degradation products. Proteins were weighed to give a range of N concentrations (from 0.15 to 3 mg of N/mL of inoculum) and incubated with 10 mL of ruminal inoculum and 5 mL of buffer; fermentations were stopped after 2 h by adding trichloroacetic acid (TCA). Proteins were analyzed for buffer-soluble N and buffer extracts were treated with TCA to determine N degraded at t=0 (FD0). The TCA supernatants were analyzed for ammonia (phenol-hypochlorite assay), total AA (TAA; OPA-F), and TAA plus oligopeptides (OPA-C) by flow injection analysis. Velocity of protein degradation was computed from extent of release of 1) ammonia plus free TAA or 2) ammonia plus free TAA and peptides. Rate of degradation (kd) was quantified using nonlinear regression of the integrated Michaelis-Menten equation. The parameters Km (Michaelis constant) and kd (Vmax/Km), where Vmax=maximum velocity, were estimated directly; kd values were adjusted (Akd) for the fraction FD0 using the equation Akd=kd-FD0/2. The OPA-C assay yielded faster degradation rates due to the contribution of peptides to the fraction degraded (overall mean=0.280/h by OPA-C and 0.219/h by OPA-F). Degradation rates for SSBM samples (0.231/h and 0.181/h) and ESBM (0.086/h) obtained by the OPA-C assay were more rapid than rates reported by the National Research Council (NRC). Both assays indicated that the 2 SSBM differed in rumen-undegradable protein (RUP) content; the more slowly degraded SSBM had RUP content (35% by OPA-C) similar to that reported by the NRC. The RUP content of ESBM (42% by OPA-C) was lower than the NRC value. Preliminary studies with 4 additional protein concentrates confirmed that accounting for peptide formation increased degradation rate; however, a trend for an interaction between assay and protein source suggested that peptide release made a smaller contribution to rate for more slowly degraded proteins. The OPA-C assay is a simple and reliable method to quantify formation of small peptides. Copyright © 2011 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Correlation factors of lymph node metastasis in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer].

PubMed

Ruochuan, Zang; Shugeng, Guo; Jie, He; Yousheng, Mao; Qi, Xue; Dali, Wang; Juwei, Mu; Jun, Zhao; Yonggang, Wang; Xiangyang, Liu; Fengwei, Tan; Gefei, Zhao; Qian, Zhang; Moyan, Zhang; Peng, Song

2015-04-01

To explore the relationship between the lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features in patients with clinical stage T1a non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Clinicopathological data of a total of 418 patients who underwent lobectomy and systematic lymph node dissection were retrospectively analyzed. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between lymph node metastasis and clinicopathological features. Lymph node metastasis was observed in 25 patients. There were 122 patients who were diagnosed as ground glass opacity with no lymph node metastasis. 399 patients had subcarinal dissection, among them 7 patients were found to have lymph node metastasis. Univariate analysis showed that gender, smoking history, diameter of lymph node, ground glass opacity (GGO), differentiation of the tumor and tumor site were the factors affecting lymph node metastasis (all P < 0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that diameter of lymph node, differentiation of the tumor and the site of lesion were independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC. Tumor in the left lung, poor differentiation, and diameter of lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm on the preoperative CT image are independent risk factors for lymph node metastasis of NSCLC, hence we should pay attention before surgery and systematic lymph node dissection should be done. For patients with poor differentiation and lymph nodes ≥ 1 cm, subcarinal lymph nodes dissection is recommended for the sake of higher possibility of lymph node metastasis. For patients with ground glass opacity ≤ 2 cm, the lymph node metastasis is extremely rare, therefore, selective lymph node dissection is reconmmended.

The benchmark halo giant HD 122563: CNO abundances revisited with three-dimensional hydrodynamic model stellar atmospheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collet, R.; Nordlund, Å.; Asplund, M.; Hayek, W.; Trampedach, R.

2018-04-01

We present an abundance analysis of the low-metallicity benchmark red giant star HD 122563 based on realistic, state-of-the-art, high-resolution, three-dimensional (3D) model stellar atmospheres including non-grey radiative transfer through opacity binning with 4, 12, and 48 bins. The 48-bin 3D simulation reaches temperatures lower by ˜300-500 K than the corresponding 1D model in the upper atmosphere. Small variations in the opacity binning, adopted line opacities, or chemical mixture can cool the photospheric layers by a further ˜100-300 K and alter the effective temperature by ˜100 K. A 3D local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) spectroscopic analysis of Fe I and Fe II lines gives discrepant results in terms of derived Fe abundance, which we ascribe to non-LTE effects and systematic errors on the stellar parameters. We also determine C, N, and O abundances by simultaneously fitting CH, OH, NH, and CN molecular bands and lines in the ultraviolet, visible, and infrared. We find a small positive 3D-1D abundance correction for carbon (+0.03 dex) and negative ones for nitrogen (-0.07 dex) and oxygen (-0.34 dex). From the analysis of the [O I] line at 6300.3 Å, we derive a significantly higher oxygen abundance than from molecular lines (+0.46 dex in 3D and +0.15 dex in 1D). We rule out important OH photodissociation effects as possible explanation for the discrepancy and note that lowering the surface gravity would reduce the oxygen abundance difference between molecular and atomic indicators.

Immunohistochemical expression of WT1 by desmoplastic small round cell tumor: a comparative study with other small round cell tumors.

PubMed

Barnoud, R; Sabourin, J C; Pasquier, D; Ranchère, D; Bailly, C; Terrier-Lacombe, M J; Pasquier, B

2000-06-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumors (DSRCTs) present a reciprocal chromosomal translocation, t(11;22)(p13;q12), that results in fusion of Ewing's sarcoma and Wilms' tumor (WT1) genes. The authors evaluated 15 DSRCTs and 71 other tumors often considered in the differential diagnosis for immunoreactivity using a polyclonal antibody directed against the WT1 part of the chimeric protein resulting from this translocation. WT1 immunostaining was performed on paraffin material using the WT(C-19) antibody after heat-antigen retrieval. All the DSRCTs (15 of 15, 100%) demonstrated strong WT1 nuclear immunoreactivity. Ten of 14 nephroblastomas (71%) disclosed WT1-positive nuclei in accordance with the staining reported by others, and rare and focal nuclear positivity was detected in two of 17 rhabdomyosarcomas. WT1 immunoreactivity was not observed in Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumors (zero of 21, 0%), neuroblastomas (zero of 17, 0%), or rhabdoid tumors of the kidney (zero of two, 0%). In nephroblastoma, differential diagnosis with DSRCT was not difficult: Clinical and morphologic data are not similar for these two entities. The current study validates WT1 immunoreactivity as a useful marker to separate DSRCT from other small round cell tumors.

Experimental Investigation of the Opacity of Small Particles

DTIC Science & Technology

1965-04-01

Ultrafine Particles , ed. by W. E. Kuhn, H. Lamprey and C. Sheer. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1963, pp. 262-270. 14 12. Quantinetz, M., et al: The...713-716. 14. Loftman, K. A.: Coatings Incorporating Ultrafine Particles . Ultrafine Particles , ed. by W. Kuhn, H. Lamprey and C. Sheer, John Wiley and

40 CFR 60.1270 - What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Small Municipal Waste Combustion Units for Which Construction is... Performance Specification 1 in appendix B of this part. Complete the evaluation within 60 days after your...

Water Ice Cloud Opacities and Temperatures Derived from the Viking IRTM Data Set

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

TamppariL. K.; Zurek, R. W.; Paige, D. A.

1999-01-01

The degree to which water ice clouds play a role in the Mars climate is unknown. Latent heating of water ice clouds is small and since most hazes appeared to be thin (tau less than or = 1) their radiative effects have been neglected. Condensation likely limits the vertical extent of water vapor in the water column and a lowering of the condensation altitude, as seen in the northern spring and summer, could increase the seasonal exchange of water between the atmosphere and the surface. It has been suggested that water ice cloud formation is more frequent and widespread in the aphelic hemisphere (currently the northern). This may limit water to the northern hemisphere through greater exchange with the regolith and through restricted southward transport of water vapor by the Mars Hadley circulation. In addition, it has been suggested that water ice cloud formation also controls the vertical distribution of atmospheric dust in some seasons. This scavenging of dust may Continuing from the IRTM cloud maps, derived cloud opacities and cloud temperatures for several locations and seasons will be presented. Sensitivities to cloud particle sizes, surface temperature, and dust opacity will be discussed.

Vitrectomy for primary symptomatic vitreous opacities: an evidence-based review

PubMed Central

Ivanova, T; Jalil, A; Antoniou, Y; Bishop, P N; Vallejo-Garcia, J L; Patton, N

2016-01-01

Floaters are a common ocular condition which form as a consequence of aging changes in the vitreous. Although in most patients the symptoms are minimal, they can cause significant impairment in vision-related quality of life in a small population of patients. Recently there has been an increase in awareness of the visual disability caused by floaters, and the evidence-base for treatment of this condition using small-gauge vitrectomy has increased. In this review, we define the term ‘floaters' as symptomatic vitreous opacities (SVO). We suggest a classification dependent on the presence or absence of posterior vitreous detachment and discuss their pathogenesis and natural history. We review their impact on patients' quality of life related to visual function. We review the psychological factors that may have a role in some patients who appear to be affected by SVO to the extent that they pursue all options including surgery with all its attendant risks. We summarise the available evidence-base of treatment options available for SVO with special emphasis on the safety and efficacy of vitrectomy for this condition. PMID:26939559

Primary undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma of the deep abdominal wall with a novel variant of t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 gene fusion.

PubMed

Tsukamoto, Yoshitane; Futani, Hiroyuki; Yoshiya, Shinichi; Watanabe, Takahiro; Kihara, Takako; Matsuo, Shohei; Hirota, Seiichi

2017-10-01

We experienced a 38-year-old Japanese male with t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 -positive undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma in the deep abdominal wall. Three months before his first visit to our hospital, he noticed a mass in his right abdominal wall. Computed tomography on admission revealed a solid abdominal tumor 70×53mm in size and multiple small tumors in both lungs. The biopsy of the abdominal tumor revealed undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma, suggestive of Ewing sarcoma. Under the clinical diagnosis of Ewing-like sarcoma of the abdominal wall with multiple lung metastases, several cycles of ICE (ifosfamide, carboplatin and etoposide) therapy were performed. After the chemotherapy, the lung metastases disappeared, while the primary lesion rapidly grew. Additional VDC (vincristine, doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide) therapy was carried out without apparent effect. Although the surgical removal of the primary lesion was done, peritoneal dissemination and a huge metastatic liver tumor appeared thereafter. The patient died of disease progression two months after the surgery. The total clinical course was approximately one year, showing that the tumor was extremely aggressive. The tumor cells of the surgical specimen were positive for CD99, WT1, calretinin, INI1, ERG and Fli1 by immunohistochemistry. Fusion gene analyses using the frozen surgical material revealed negativity for EWSR1-Fli1, EWSR1-ERG and t(4;19) CIC-DUX4 fusions, but positivity for t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 fusion. Thus, we made a final pathological diagnosis of t(10;19) CIC-DUX4-positive undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the 13th case of t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with precise clinicopathological information. Especially in our case, two types of t(10;19) CIC-DUX4 fusion transcripts were observed, both of which are in-frame and novel. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

A Generalised Porosity Formalism for Isotropic and Anisotropic Effective Opacity and Its Effects on X-ray Line Attenuation in Clumped O Star Winds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sundqvist, Jon O.; Owocki, Stanley P.; Cohen, David H.; Leutenegger, Maurice A.; Townsend, Richard H. D.

2002-01-01

We present a generalised formalism for treating the porosity-associated reduction in continuum opacity that occurs when individual clumps in a stochastic medium become optically thick. As in previous work, we concentrate on developing bridging laws between the limits of optically thin and thick clumps. We consider geometries resulting in either isotropic or anisotropic effective opacity, and, in addition to an idealised model in which all clumps have the same local overdensity and scale, we also treat an ensemble of clumps with optical depths set by Markovian statistics. This formalism is then applied to the specific case of bound-free absorption of X- rays in hot star winds, a process not directly affected by clumping in the optically thin limit. We find that the Markov model gives surprisingly similar results to those found previously for the single clump model, suggesting that porous opacity is not very sensitive to details of the assumed clump distribution function. Further, an anisotropic effective opacity favours escape of X-rays emitted in the tangential direction (the venetian blind effect), resulting in a bump of higher flux close to line centre as compared to profiles computed from isotropic porosity models. We demonstrate how this characteristic line shape may be used to diagnose the clump geometry, and we confirm previous results that for optically thick clumping to significantly influence X-ray line profiles, very large porosity lengths, defined as the mean free path between clumps, are required. Moreover, we present the first X-ray line profiles computed directly from line-driven instability simulations using a 3-D patch method, and find that porosity effects from such models also are very small. This further supports the view that porosity has, at most, a marginal effect on X-ray line diagnostics in O stars, and therefore that these diagnostics do indeed provide a good clumping insensitive method for deriving O star mass-loss rates.

A Generalised Porosity Formalism for Isotropic and Anisotropic Effective Opacity and its Effects on X-ray Line Attenuation in Clumped O Star Winds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sundqvist, Jon O.; Owocki, Stanley P.; Cohen, David H.; Leutenegger, Maurice A.

2011-01-01

We present a generalised formalism for treating the porosity-associated reduction in continuum opacity that occurs when individual clumps in a stochastic medium become optically thick. As in previous work, we concentrate on developing bridging laws between the limits of optically thin and thick clumps. We consider geometries resulting in either isotropic or anisotropic effective opacity, and, in addition to an idealised model in which all clumps have the same local overdensity and scale, we also treat an ensemble of clumps with optical depths set by Markovian statistics. This formalism is then applied to the specific case of bound-free absorption of X- rays in hot star winds, a process not directly affected by clumping in the optically thin limit. We find that the Markov model gives surprisingly similar results to those found previously for the single clump model, suggesting that porous opacity is not very sensitive to details of the assumed clump distribution function. Further, an anisotropic effective opacity favours escape of X-rays emitted in the tangential direction (the venetian blind effect), resulting in a bump of higher flux close to line centre as compared to profiles computed from isotropic porosity models. We demonstrate how this characteristic line shape may be used to diagnose the clump geometry, and we confirm previous results that for optically thick clumping to significantly influence X-ray line profiles, very large porosity lengths, defined as the mean free path between clumps, are required. Moreover, we present the first X-ray line profiles computed directly from line-driven instability simulations using a 3-D patch method, and find that porosity effects from such models also are very small. This further supports the view that porosity has, at most, a marginal effect on X-ray line diagnostics in O stars, and therefore that these diagnostics do indeed provide a good clumping insensitive method for deriving O star mass-loss rates.

Thermal Cyclotron Absorption Coefficients. II. Opacities in the Stokes Formalism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaeth, H. M.; Chanmugam, G.

1995-05-01

We extend the discussion of the calculation of the cyclotron opacities α± of the ordinary and extraordinary mode (Chanmugam et al.) to the opacities κ, q, υ in the Stokes formalism. We derive formulae with which a can be calculated from κ, q, υ. We are hence able to compare our calculations of the opacities, which are based on the single-particle method, with results obtained with the dielectric tensor method of Tam or. Excellent agreement is achieved. We present extensive tables of the opacities in the Stokes formalism for frequencies up to 25ωc, where ωc is the cyclotron frequency, and temperatures kT = 5, 10,20, 30,40, and 50 keV. Furthermore, we derive approximate formulae with which κ, q, υ can be calculated from α± and hence use the Robinson & Melrose analytic formulae for α± in order to calculate the opacities in the Stokes formalism. We compare these opacities to accurate numerical opacities and find that the analytic formulae can reproduce the qualitative behavior of the opacities in the regions where the harmonic structure is unimportant.

Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the characterization of testicular germ cell neoplasms: Effect of ROI methods on apparent diffusion coefficient values and interobserver variability.

PubMed

Tsili, Athina C; Ntorkou, Alexandra; Astrakas, Loukas; Xydis, Vasilis; Tsampalas, Stavros; Sofikitis, Nikolaos; Argyropoulou, Maria I

2017-04-01

To evaluate the difference in apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements at diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance imaging of differently shaped regions-of-interest (ROIs) in testicular germ cell neoplasms (TGCNS), the diagnostic ability of differently shaped ROIs in differentiating seminomas from nonseminomatous germ cell neoplasms (NSGCNs) and the interobserver variability. Thirty-three TGCNs were retrospectively evaluated. Patients underwent MR examinations, including DWI on a 1.5-T MR system. Two observers measured mean tumor ADCs using four distinct ROI methods: round, square, freehand and multiple small, round ROIs. The interclass correlation coefficient was analyzed to assess interobserver variability. Statistical analysis was used to compare mean ADC measurements among observers, methods and histologic types. All ROI methods showed excellent interobserver agreement, with excellent correlation (P<0.001). Multiple, small ROIs provided the lower mean ADC in TGCNs. Seminomas had lower mean ADC compared to NSGCNs for each ROI method (P<0.001). Round ROI proved the most accurate method in characterizing TGCNS. Interobserver variability in ADC measurement is excellent, irrespective of the ROI shape. Multiple, small round ROIs and round ROI proved the more accurate methods for ADC measurement in the characterization of TGCNs and in the differentiation between seminomas and NSGCNs, respectively. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Method for interconverting drying and heating times between round and square cross sections of ponderosa pine

Treesearch

William T. Simpson

2005-01-01

To use small-diameter trees effectively as square timbers, we need to be able to estimate the amount of time it takes for these timbers to air-dry. Since experimental data on estimating air-drying time for small-diameter logs have been developed, this study looked at a way to relate that method to square timbers. Drying times were determined for a group of round cross-...

Intraabdominal desmoplastic small round cell tumor: Report of a case and literature review.

PubMed

Koniari, Katerina; Mahera, Helen; Nikolaou, Marinos; Chatzis, Odysseas; Glezakou, Ourania; Magiasis, Vasilios; Kiratzis, Georgios

2011-01-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare malignancy with poor prognosis that predominantly affects young males. Its etiopathogenesis is still unknown and diagnosis can be achieved only by immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic studies. Due to our limited knowledge of the pathologic and clinical nature of this disease, there is no clear consensus regarding the optimal therapeutic procedures for treating this neoplasm. A high degree of care and improvements in diagnostic capabilities are required in order to identify this entity and avoid misdiagnosis. We report a new case of a 29-year-old male who proceeded to our Emergency Department complaining about non-specific abdominal pain. Physical examination revealed no abnormalities except for a palpable mass in the lower abdomen and a diffuse abdominal pain. Computed Tomography scan showed enlarged paraortic and mesenteric lymphadenopathy, thickness of the small bowel wall and dispersed masses intraperitoneally. He underwent an exploratory laparotomy and the resultant biopsy revealed desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumor can easily be missed because it presents with few early warning symptoms and signs, while the routine blood tests are within normal limits. A high degree of suspicion, a thorough physical examination, a full imaging check and an aggressive therapeutic approach are required in order to identify this disease and fight for a better quality of life for these patients. In addition we make a review of the literature in an effort to clarify the epidemiological, clinical and pathological aspects of this entity.

Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) Observations of Dust Opacity During Aerobraking and Science Phasing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Michael D.; Pearl, John C.; Conrath, Barney J.; Christensen, Philip R.

1999-01-01

The Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) arrived at Mars in September 1997 near Mars southern spring equinox and has now provided monitoring of conditions in the Mars atmosphere for more than half a Mars year. The large majority of the spectra taken by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) are in a nadir geometry (downward looking mode) where Mars is observed through the atmosphere. Most of these contain the distinct spectral signature of atmospheric dust. For these nadir-geometry spectra we retrieve column-integrated infrared aerosol (dust) opacities. TES observations during the aerobraking and science-phasing portions of the MGS mission cover the seasonal range L(sub s)=184 deg - 28 deg. Excellent spatial coverage was obtained in the southern hemisphere. Northern hemisphere coverage is generally limited to narrow strips taken during the periapsis pass but is still very valuable. At the beginning of the mission the 9-(micron)meter dust opacity at midsouthern latitudes was low (0.15-0.25). As the season advanced through southern spring and into summer, TES observed several regional dust storms (including the Noachis dust storm of November 1997) where peak 9-(micron)meter dust opacities approached or exceeded unity, as well as numerous smaller local storms. Both large and small dust storms exhibited significant changes in both spatial coverage and intensity over a timescale of a day. Throughout southern spring and summer the region at the edge of the retreating southern seasonal polar ice cap was observed to be consistently more dusty than other latitudes.

Round-the-table teaching: a novel approach to resuscitation education

PubMed Central

McGarvey, Kathryn; Scott, Karen; O'Leary, Fenton

2014-01-01

Background Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation saves lives. Health professionals who care for acutely unwell children need to be prepared to care for a child in arrest. Hospitals must ensure that their staff have the knowledge, confidence and ability to respond to a child in cardiac arrest. RESUS4KIDS is a programme designed to teach paediatric resuscitation to health care professionals who care for acutely unwell children. The programme is delivered in two components: an e–learning component for pre-learning, followed by a short, practical, face-to-face course that is taught using the round-the-table teaching approach. Context Round-the-table teaching is a novel, evidence-based small group teaching approach designed to teach paediatric resuscitation skills and knowledge. Round-the-table teaching uses a structured approach to managing a collapsed child, and ensures that each participant has the opportunity to practise the essential resuscitation skills of airway manoeuvres, bag mask ventilation and cardiac compressions. Innovation Round-the-table teaching is an engaging, non-threatening approach to delivering interdisciplinary paediatric resuscitation education. The methodology ensures that all participants have the opportunity to practise each of the different essential skills associated with the Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation or rhythm recognition (DRSABCD) approach to the collapsed child. Implications Round-the-table teaching is based on evidence-based small group teaching methods. The methodology of round-the-table teaching can be applied to any topic where participants must demonstrate an understanding of a sequential approach to a clinical skill. Round-the-table teaching uses a structured approach to managing a collapsed child PMID:25212931

77 FR 18709 - Quality Assurance Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-28

... Quality Assurance Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources AGENCY... direct final rule titled ``Quality Assurance Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at...--Quality Assurance Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources Docket, EPA...

Replicating the Z iron opacity experiments on the NIF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perry, T. S.; Heeter, R. F.; Opachich, Y. P.; Ross, P. W.; Kline, J. L.; Flippo, K. A.; Sherrill, M. E.; Dodd, E. S.; DeVolder, B. G.; Cardenas, T.; Archuleta, T. N.; Craxton, R. S.; Zhang, R.; McKenty, P. W.; Garcia, E. M.; Huffman, E. J.; King, J. A.; Ahmed, M. F.; Emig, J. A.; Ayers, S. L.; Barrios, M. A.; May, M. J.; Schneider, M. B.; Liedahl, D. A.; Wilson, B. G.; Urbatsch, T. J.; Iglesias, C. A.; Bailey, J. E.; Rochau, G. A.

2017-06-01

X-ray opacity is a crucial factor of all radiation-hydrodynamics calculations, yet it is one of the least validated of the material properties in the simulation codes. Recent opacity experiments at the Sandia Z-machine have shown up to factors of two discrepancies between theory and experiment, casting doubt on the validity of the opacity models. Therefore, a new experimental opacity platform is being developed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) not only to verify the Z-machine experimental results but also to extend the experiments to other temperatures and densities. The first experiments will be directed towards measuring the opacity of iron at a temperature of ∼160 eV and an electron density of ∼7 × 1021 cm-3. Preliminary experiments on NIF have demonstrated the ability to create a sufficiently bright point backlighter using an imploding plastic capsule and also a hohlraum that can heat the opacity sample to the desired conditions. The first of these iron opacity experiments is expected to be performed in 2017.

A Case of Bilateral Descemet's Membrane and Subepithelial Opacity: In vivo Laser Confocal Microscopic Study.

PubMed

Hatta, Yukiko; Yokogawa, Hideaki; Kobayashi, Akira; Torisaki, Makoto; Sugiyama, Kazuhisa

2013-01-01

To report the in vivo laser confocal microscopy findings from a patient with Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity OU. A healthy 41-year-old male with Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity OU was studied. Routine ophthalmic examination, standard slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and in vivo laser confocal microscopic analysis of the entire corneal layer were performed. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed subepithelial opacity in the mid-peripheral to peripheral cornea and numerous opacities located at the level of Descemet's membrane. It was difficult to distinguish the precise histological location of the opacity. In vivo laser confocal microscopy showed numerous hyperreflective particles in the subepithelium to superficial stroma and hyperreflectivity of Descemet's membrane. No abnormalities could be detected in the epithelial cell layer, midstromal layer, deep stromal layer, or endothelial cell layer. Although the origin of the corneal opacities was unclear, in vivo laser confocal microscopy was useful for observing microstructural abnormalities in a case of Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity.

A Case of Bilateral Descemet's Membrane and Subepithelial Opacity: In vivo Laser Confocal Microscopic Study

PubMed Central

Hatta, Yukiko; Yokogawa, Hideaki; Kobayashi, Akira; Torisaki, Makoto; Sugiyama, Kazuhisa

2013-01-01

Purpose To report the in vivo laser confocal microscopy findings from a patient with Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity OU. Case Report A healthy 41-year-old male with Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity OU was studied. Routine ophthalmic examination, standard slit-lamp biomicroscopy, and in vivo laser confocal microscopic analysis of the entire corneal layer were performed. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy revealed subepithelial opacity in the mid-peripheral to peripheral cornea and numerous opacities located at the level of Descemet's membrane. It was difficult to distinguish the precise histological location of the opacity. In vivo laser confocal microscopy showed numerous hyperreflective particles in the subepithelium to superficial stroma and hyperreflectivity of Descemet's membrane. No abnormalities could be detected in the epithelial cell layer, midstromal layer, deep stromal layer, or endothelial cell layer. Conclusion Although the origin of the corneal opacities was unclear, in vivo laser confocal microscopy was useful for observing microstructural abnormalities in a case of Descemet's membrane and subepithelial opacity. PMID:23626574

Merkel Cell Carcinoma Metastatic to Pleural Fluid: A Case Report.

PubMed

Rhee, Ye-Young; Kim, Soo Hee; Kim, Eun Kyung; Kim, Se Hoon

2018-05-01

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare aggressive neuroendocrine carcinoma of the skin that shows locoregional or distant metastasis. Metastasis of MCC to body cavity effusion is extremely rare; only three cases have been reported so far. Metastatic MCC in effusion cytology shows small blue round cells with fine stippled chromatin like other small blue round cell tumors such as small cell lung carcinoma or lymphoma. The diagnosis of metastatic MCC can grant patients good chances at recently advanced therapeutic options. Here, we present a case of metastatic MCC to pleural effusion with characteristic single file-like pattern.

Systematic measurements of opacity dependence on temperature, density, and atomic number at stellar interior conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagayama, Taisuke

2017-10-01

Model predictions for iron opacity are notably different from measurements performed at matter conditions similar to the boundary between the solar radiation and convection zones. The calculated iron opacities have narrower spectral lines, weaker quasi-continuum at short wavelength, and deeper opacity windows than the measurements. If correct, these measurements help resolve a decade old problem in solar physics. A key question is therefore: What is responsible for the model-data discrepancy? The answer is complex because the experiments are challenging and opacity theories depend on multiple entangled physical processes such as the influence of completeness and accuracy of atomic states, line broadening, contributions from myriad transitions from excited states, and multi-photon absorption processes. To help determine the cause of this discrepancy, a systematic study of opacity variation with temperature, density, and atomic number is underway. Measurements of chromium, iron, and nickel opacities have been performed at two different temperatures and densities. The collection of measured opacities provides constraints on hypotheses to explain the discrepancy. We will discuss implications of measured opacities, experimental errors, and possible opacity model refinements. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-mission laboratory managed and operated by National Technology and Engineering Solutions of Sandia, LLC., a wholly owned subsidiary of Honeywell International, Inc., for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-NA0003525.

Elliptic flow from Coulomb interaction and low density elastic scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yuliang; Li, Qingfeng; Wang, Fuqiang

2018-04-01

In high energy heavy ion collisions and interacting cold atom systems, large elliptic flow anisotropies have been observed. For the large opacity (ρ σ L ˜103 ) of the latter hydrodynamics is a natural consequence, but for the small opacity (ρ σ L ˜1 ) of the former the hydrodynamic description is questionable. To shed light onto the situation, we simulate the expansion of a low density argon ion (or atom) system, initially trapped in an elliptical region, under the Coulomb interaction (or elastic scattering). Significant elliptic anisotropy is found in both cases, and the anisotropy depends on the initial spatial eccentricity and the density of the system. The results may provide insights into the physics of anisotropic flow in high energy heavy ion collisions and its role in the study of quantum chromodynamics.

A Novel Cell Type Enables B. subtilis to Escape from Unsuccessful Sporulation in Minimal Medium.

PubMed

Defeu Soufo, Hervé Joël

2016-01-01

Sporulation is the most enduring survival strategy developed by several bacterial species. However, spore development of the model organism Bacillus subtilis has mainly been studied by means of media or conditions optimized for the induction of sporogenesis. Here, I show that during prolonged growth during stationary phase in minimal medium, B. subtilis undergoes an asymmetric cell division that produces small and round-shaped, DNA containing cells. In contrast to wild-type cells, mutants harboring spo0A or spoIIIE / sftA double mutations neither sporulate nor produce this special cell type, providing evidence that the small round cells emerge from the abortion of endospore formation. In most cases observed, the small round cells arise in the presence of sigma H but absence of sigma F activity, different from cases of abortive sporulation described for rich media. These data suggest that in minimal media, many cells are able to initiate but fail to complete spore development, and therefore return to normal growth as rods. This work reveals that the continuation of asymmetric cell division, which results in the formation of the small round cells, is a way for cells to delay or escape from-unsuccessful-sporulation. Based on these findings, I suggest to name the here described cell type as "dwarf cells" to distinguish them from the well-known minicells observed in mutants defective in septum placement or proper chromosome partitioning.

Alternating sequential chemotherapy with high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide for adult non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas.

PubMed

Kawai, Akira; Umeda, Toru; Wada, Takuro; Ihara, Koichiro; Isu, Kazuo; Abe, Satoshi; Ishii, Takeshi; Sugiura, Hideshi; Araki, Nobuhito; Ozaki, Toshifumi; Yabe, Hiroo; Hasegawa, Tadashi; Tsugane, Shoichiro; Beppu, Yasuo

2005-05-01

Doxorubicin and ifosfamide are the two most active agents used to treat soft tissue sarcomas. However, because of their overlapping side effects, concurrent administration to achieve optimal doses of each agent is difficult. We therefore conducted a Phase II trial to investigate the efficacy and feasibility of a novel alternating sequential chemotherapy regimen consisting of high dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide in advanced adult non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas. Adult patients with non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas were enrolled. The treatment consisted of four sequential courses of chemotherapy that was planned for every 3 weeks. Cycles 1 and 3 consisted of ifosfamide (14 g/m(2)), and cycles 2 and 4 consisted of doxorubicin (60 mg/m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (1200 mg/m(2)). Forty-two patients (median age 47 years) were enrolled. Of the 36 assessable patients, 1 complete response and 16 partial responses were observed, for a response rate of 47.2%. Responses were observed in 57% of patients who had received no previous chemotherapy and 13% of those who had previously undergone chemotherapy. Grade 3-4 neutropenia was observed during 70% of all cycles. Sequential administration of high-dose ifosfamide and doxorubicin/cyclophosphamide has promising activity with manageable side effects in patients with advanced adult non-small round cell soft tissue sarcomas.

OVERVIEW OF USEPA'S SMALL SYSTEMS DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

This presentation provides an overview of the USEPA Arsenic Treatment Technology Demonstration Program. The information includes the status of the projects on both round 1 and round 2 including some photos of the treatment systems. Limited information is given on the results of t...

Thus Spake the OPAC User.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markey, Karen

1983-01-01

Findings of focused-group interviews conducted for OCLC study of library users and online public access catalogs (OPACs) indicate users like OPACs, have problems finding right subject heading, envision features to improve subject access, want access to more than books, and want OPACs to provide new services. Eight references are listed. (EJS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kataria, T.; Showman, A. P.; Fortney, J. J.

We present three-dimensional atmospheric circulation models of GJ 1214b, a 2.7 Earth-radius, 6.5 Earth-mass super Earth detected by the MEarth survey. Here we explore the planet's circulation as a function of atmospheric metallicity and atmospheric composition, modeling atmospheres with a low mean molecular weight (MMW; i.e., H{sub 2}-dominated) and a high MMW (i.e., water- and CO{sub 2}-dominated). We find that atmospheres with a low MMW have strong day-night temperature variations at pressures above the infrared photosphere that lead to equatorial superrotation. For these atmospheres, the enhancement of atmospheric opacities with increasing metallicity lead to shallower atmospheric heating, larger day-night temperaturemore » variations, and hence stronger superrotation. In comparison, atmospheres with a high MMW have larger day-night and equator-to-pole temperature variations than low MMW atmospheres, but differences in opacity structure and energy budget lead to differences in jet structure. The circulation of a water-dominated atmosphere is dominated by equatorial superrotation, while the circulation of a CO{sub 2}-dominated atmosphere is instead dominated by high-latitude jets. By comparing emergent flux spectra and light curves for 50× solar and water-dominated compositions, we show that observations in emission can break the degeneracy in determining the atmospheric composition of GJ 1214b. The variation in opacity with wavelength for the water-dominated atmosphere leads to large phase variations within water bands and small phase variations outside of water bands. The 50× solar atmosphere, however, yields small variations within water bands and large phase variations at other characteristic wavelengths. These observations would be much less sensitive to clouds, condensates, and hazes than transit observations.« less

Solid-Pattern Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

PubMed

Ali, Ahmed; Mohamed, Mustafa; Chisholm, Julia; Thway, Khin

2017-04-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is an aggressive small round cell sarcoma that typically occurs intra-abdominally in adolescents and young adults, and is characterized by a recurrent t(11;22)(p13;q12) translocation leading to generation of the EWSR1-WT1 fusion gene, which codes for a chimeric protein with transcriptional regulatory activity. DSRCT has a characteristic histologic appearance of nests of uniform small cells within prominent fibroblastic stroma and immunohistochemically it shows multidirectional differentiation, with expression of epithelial, neural, and muscle markers. We illustrate a case of DSRCT that presented as a large intra-abdominal mass, which harbored EWSR1 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization and EWSR1-WT1 fusion transcripts by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and which histologically had an entirely solid morphology, lacking evidence of desmoplastic stroma. This purely solid variant emphasizes that even when occurring at a typical location, DSRCT may be difficult to recognize when lacking nonclassical morphology. This is of clinical relevance, as DSRCT with this pattern could be misdiagnosed as Ewing sarcoma if RT-PCR is not performed, with resulting prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Results of the First Italian External Quality Assurance Scheme for somatic EGFR mutation testing in non-small-cell lung cancer.

PubMed

Normanno, Nicola; Pinto, Carmine; Taddei, Gianluigi; Gambacorta, Marcello; Castiglione, Francesca; Barberis, Massimo; Clemente, Claudio; Marchetti, Antonio

2013-06-01

The Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM) and the Italian Society of Pathology and Cytology organized an external quality assessment (EQA) scheme for EGFR mutation testing in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ten specimens, including three small biopsies with known epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status, were validated in three referral laboratories and provided to 47 participating centers. The participants were requested to perform mutational analysis, using their usual method, and to submit results within a 4-week time frame. According to a predefined scoring system, two points were assigned to correct genotype and zero points to false-negative or false-positive results. The threshold to pass the EQA was set at higher than 18 of 20 points. Two rounds were preplanned. All participating centers submitted the results within the time frame. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)/sequencing was the main methodology used (n = 37 laboratories), although a few centers did use pyrosequencing (n = 8) or real-time PCR (n = 2). A significant number of analytical errors were observed (n = 20), with a high frequency of false-positive results (n = 16). The lower scores were obtained for the small biopsies. Fourteen of 47 centers (30%) that did not pass the first round, having a score less than or equal to 18 points, used PCR/sequencing, whereas 10 of 10 laboratories, using pyrosequencing or real-time PCR, passed the first round. Eight laboratories passed the second round. Overall, 41of 47 centers (87%) passed the EQA. The results of the EQA for EGFR testing in non-small-cell lung cancer suggest that good quality EGFR mutational analysis is performed in Italian laboratories, although differences between testing methods were observed, especially for small biopsies.

Replicating the Z iron opacity experiments on the NIF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perry, T. S.; Heeter, R. F.; Opachich, Y. P.

Here, X-ray opacity is a crucial factor of all radiation-hydrodynamics calculations, yet it is one of the least validated of the material properties in the simulation codes. Recent opacity experiments at the Sandia Z-machine have shown up to factors of two discrepancies between theory and experiment, casting doubt on the validity of the opacity models. Therefore, a new experimental opacity platform is being developed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) not only to verify the Z-machine experimental results but also to extend the experiments to other temperatures and densities. The first experiments will be directed towards measuring the opacity ofmore » iron at a temperature of ~160 eV and an electron density of ~7 x 10 21 cm -3. Preliminary experiments on NIF have demonstrated the ability to create a sufficiently bright point backlighter using an imploding plastic capsule and also a hohlraum that can heat the opacity sample to the desired conditions. The first of these iron opacity experiments is expected to be performed in 2017.« less

Replicating the Z iron opacity experiments on the NIF

DOE PAGES

Perry, T. S.; Heeter, R. F.; Opachich, Y. P.; ...

2017-05-12

Here, X-ray opacity is a crucial factor of all radiation-hydrodynamics calculations, yet it is one of the least validated of the material properties in the simulation codes. Recent opacity experiments at the Sandia Z-machine have shown up to factors of two discrepancies between theory and experiment, casting doubt on the validity of the opacity models. Therefore, a new experimental opacity platform is being developed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) not only to verify the Z-machine experimental results but also to extend the experiments to other temperatures and densities. The first experiments will be directed towards measuring the opacity ofmore » iron at a temperature of ~160 eV and an electron density of ~7 x 10 21 cm -3. Preliminary experiments on NIF have demonstrated the ability to create a sufficiently bright point backlighter using an imploding plastic capsule and also a hohlraum that can heat the opacity sample to the desired conditions. The first of these iron opacity experiments is expected to be performed in 2017.« less

A robust and high-performance queue management controller for large round trip time networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khoshnevisan, Ladan; Salmasi, Farzad R.

2016-05-01

Congestion management for transmission control protocol is of utmost importance to prevent packet loss within a network. This necessitates strategies for active queue management. The most applied active queue management strategies have their inherent disadvantages which lead to suboptimal performance and even instability in the case of large round trip time and/or external disturbance. This paper presents an internal model control robust queue management scheme with two degrees of freedom in order to restrict the undesired effects of large and small round trip time and parameter variations in the queue management. Conventional approaches such as proportional integral and random early detection procedures lead to unstable behaviour due to large delay. Moreover, internal model control-Smith scheme suffers from large oscillations due to the large round trip time. On the other hand, other schemes such as internal model control-proportional integral and derivative show excessive sluggish performance for small round trip time values. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a system entailing two individual controllers for queue management and disturbance rejection, simultaneously. Simulation results based on Matlab/Simulink and also Network Simulator 2 (NS2) demonstrate the effectiveness of the procedure and verify the analytical approach.

Observational Constraints on Submillimeter Dust Opacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shirley, Yancy L.; Huard, Tracy L.; Pontoppidan, Klaus M.; Wilner, David J.; Stutz, Amelia M.; Bieging, John H.; Evans, Neal J., II

2011-02-01

Infrared extinction maps and submillimeter dust continuum maps are powerful probes of the density structure in the envelope of star-forming cores. We make a direct comparison between infrared and submillimeter dust continuum observations of the low-mass Class 0 core, B335, to constrain the ratio of submillimeter to infrared opacity (κsmm/κir) and the submillimeter opacity power-law index (κ vprop λ-β). Using the average value of theoretical dust opacity models at 2.2 μm, we constrain the dust opacity at 850 and 450 μm. Using new dust continuum models based upon the broken power-law density structure derived from interferometric observations of B335 and the infall model derived from molecular line observations of B335, we find that the opacity ratios are \\frac{\\kappa _{850}}{\\kappa _{2.2}} = (3.21{--}4.80)^{+0.44}_{-0.30} \\times 10^{-4} and \\frac{\\kappa _{450}}{\\kappa _{2.2}} = (12.8{--}24.8)^{+2.4}_{-1.3} \\times 10^{-4}with a submillimeter opacity power-law index of βsmm = (2.18-2.58)+0.30 -0.30. The range of quoted values is determined from the uncertainty in the physical model for B335. For an average 2.2 μm opacity of 3800 ± 700 cm2 g-1, we find a dust opacity at 850 and 450 μm of κ850 = (1.18-1.77)+0.36 -0.24 and κ450 = (4.72-9.13)+1.9 -0.98 cm2 g-1 of dust. These opacities are from (0.65-0.97)κOH5 850 of the widely used theoretical opacities of Ossenkopf and Henning for coagulated ice grains with thin mantles at 850 μm.

Constraining the Dust Opacity Law in Three Small and Isolated Molecular Clouds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Webb, K. A.; Thanjavur, K.; Di Francesco, J.

Density profiles of isolated cores derived from thermal dust continuum emission rely on models of dust properties, such as mass opacity, that are poorly constrained. With complementary measures from near-infrared extinction maps, we can assess the reliability of commonly used dust models. In this work, we compare Herschel -derived maps of the optical depth with equivalent maps derived from CFHT WIRCAM near-infrared observations for three isolated cores: CB 68, L 429, and L 1552. We assess the dust opacities provided from four models: OH1a, OH5a, Orm1, and Orm4. Although the consistency of the models differs between the three sources, themore » results suggest that the optical properties of dust in the envelopes of the cores are best described by either silicate and bare graphite grains (e.g., Orm1) or carbonaceous grains with some coagulation and either thin or no ice mantles (e.g., OH5a). None of the models, however, individually produced the most consistent optical depth maps for every source. The results suggest that either the dust in the cores is not well-described by any one dust property model, the application of the dust models cannot be extended beyond the very center of the cores, or more complex SED fitting functions are necessary.« less

Model uncertainties of local-thermodynamic-equilibrium K-shell spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagayama, T.; Bailey, J. E.; Mancini, R. C.; Iglesias, C. A.; Hansen, S. B.; Blancard, C.; Chung, H. K.; Colgan, J.; Cosse, Ph.; Faussurier, G.; Florido, R.; Fontes, C. J.; Gilleron, F.; Golovkin, I. E.; Kilcrease, D. P.; Loisel, G.; MacFarlane, J. J.; Pain, J.-C.; Rochau, G. A.; Sherrill, M. E.; Lee, R. W.

2016-09-01

Local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (LTE) K-shell spectroscopy is a common tool to diagnose electron density, ne, and electron temperature, Te, of high-energy-density (HED) plasmas. Knowing the accuracy of such diagnostics is important to provide quantitative conclusions of many HED-plasma research efforts. For example, Fe opacities were recently measured at multiple conditions at the Sandia National Laboratories Z machine (Bailey et al., 2015), showing significant disagreement with modeled opacities. Since the plasma conditions were measured using K-shell spectroscopy of tracer Mg (Nagayama et al., 2014), one concern is the accuracy of the inferred Fe conditions. In this article, we investigate the K-shell spectroscopy model uncertainties by analyzing the Mg spectra computed with 11 different models at the same conditions. We find that the inferred conditions differ by ±20-30% in ne and ±2-4% in Te depending on the choice of spectral model. Also, we find that half of the Te uncertainty comes from ne uncertainty. To refine the accuracy of the K-shell spectroscopy, it is important to scrutinize and experimentally validate line-shape theory. We investigate the impact of the inferred ne and Te model uncertainty on the Fe opacity measurements. Its impact is small and does not explain the reported discrepancies.

Round-the-table teaching: a novel approach to resuscitation education.

PubMed

McGarvey, Kathryn; Scott, Karen; O'Leary, Fenton

2014-10-01

Effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation saves lives. Health professionals who care for acutely unwell children need to be prepared to care for a child in arrest. Hospitals must ensure that their staff have the knowledge, confidence and ability to respond to a child in cardiac arrest. RESUS4KIDS is a programme designed to teach paediatric resuscitation to health care professionals who care for acutely unwell children. The programme is delivered in two components: an e-learning component for pre-learning, followed by a short, practical, face-to-face course that is taught using the round-the-table teaching approach. Round-the-table teaching is a novel, evidence-based small group teaching approach designed to teach paediatric resuscitation skills and knowledge. Round-the-table teaching uses a structured approach to managing a collapsed child, and ensures that each participant has the opportunity to practise the essential resuscitation skills of airway manoeuvres, bag mask ventilation and cardiac compressions. Round-the-table teaching is an engaging, non-threatening approach to delivering interdisciplinary paediatric resuscitation education. The methodology ensures that all participants have the opportunity to practise each of the different essential skills associated with the Danger, Response, Send for help, Airway, Breathing, Circulation, Defibrillation or rhythm recognition (DRSABCD) approach to the collapsed child. Round-the-table teaching is based on evidence-based small group teaching methods. The methodology of round-the-table teaching can be applied to any topic where participants must demonstrate an understanding of a sequential approach to a clinical skill. Round-the-table teaching uses a structured approach to managing a collapsed child. © 2014 The Authors. The Clinical Teacher published by Association for the Study of Medical Education and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Redesigning the OPAC: Moving outside the ILMS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sokvitne, Lloyd O.

2006-01-01

The need to develop new OPACs that meet the needs of users better is becoming well acknowledged. How libraries can transform their OPACs to modern web friendly formats is not yet clear. This paper describes the State Library of Tasmania's experience in developing a new OPAC by exporting bibliographic data to a software package outside the ILMS.…

E-Referencer: Transforming Boolean OPACs to Web Search Engines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khoo, Christopher S. G.; Poo, Danny C. C.; Toh, Teck-Kang; Hong, Glenn

E-Referencer is an expert intermediary system for searching library online public access catalogs (OPACs) on the World Wide Web. It is implemented as a proxy server that mediates the interaction between the user and Boolean OPACs. It transforms a Boolean OPAC into a retrieval system with many of the search capabilities of Web search engines.…

40 CFR 62.15215 - What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... opacity monitoring system and how are the data used? 62.15215 Section 62.15215 Protection of Environment... required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used? (a) Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate a continuous opacity monitoring system. (b) Install, evaluate, and operate each...

Provision of Computer Printing Capabilities to Library Patrons. SPEC Kit 183.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Suzanne; Welch, C. Brigid, Ed.

1992-01-01

This publication reports on the results of a 1992 survey of 80 Association of Research Libraries (ARL) member libraries on their use of printers for recording references found in online public access catalog (OPAC) and CD-ROM searches. As was found in a 1990 survey on the same topic, only a small proportion of libraries reported that they charged…

Diagnostic performance of qualitative shear-wave elastography according to different color map opacities for breast masses.

PubMed

Kim, Hana; Youk, Ji Hyun; Gweon, Hye Mi; Kim, Jeong-Ah; Son, Eun Ju

2013-08-01

To compare the diagnostic performance of qualitative shear-wave elastography (SWE) according to three different color map opacities for breast masses 101 patients aged 21-77 years with 113 breast masses underwent B-mode US and SWE under three different color map opacities (50%, 19% and 100%) before biopsy or surgery. Following SWE features were reviewed: visual pattern classification (pattern 1-4), color homogeneity (Ehomo) and six-point color score of maximum elasticity (Ecol). Combined with B-mode US and SWE, the likelihood of malignancy (LOM) was also scored. The area under the curve (AUC) was obtained by ROC curve analysis to assess the diagnostic performance under each color opacity. A visual color pattern, Ehomo, Ecol and LOM scoring were significantly different between benign and malignant lesions under all color opacities (P<0.001). For 50% opacity, AUCs of visual color pattern, Ecol, Ehomo and LOM scoring were 0.902, 0.951, 0.835 and 0.975. But, for each SWE feature, there was no significant difference in the AUC among three different color opacities. For all color opacities, visual color pattern and Ecol showed significantly higher AUC than Ehomo. In addition, a combined set of B-mode US and SWE showed significantly higher AUC than SWE alone for color patterns, Ehomo, but no significant difference was found in Ecol. Qualitative SWE was useful to differentiate benign from malignant breast lesion under all color opacities. The difference in color map opacity did not significantly influence diagnostic performance of SWE. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A higher-than-predicted measurement of iron opacity at solar interior temperatures.

PubMed

Bailey, J E; Nagayama, T; Loisel, G P; Rochau, G A; Blancard, C; Colgan, J; Cosse, Ph; Faussurier, G; Fontes, C J; Gilleron, F; Golovkin, I; Hansen, S B; Iglesias, C A; Kilcrease, D P; MacFarlane, J J; Mancini, R C; Nahar, S N; Orban, C; Pain, J-C; Pradhan, A K; Sherrill, M; Wilson, B G

2015-01-01

Nearly a century ago it was recognized that radiation absorption by stellar matter controls the internal temperature profiles within stars. Laboratory opacity measurements, however, have never been performed at stellar interior conditions, introducing uncertainties in stellar models. A particular problem arose when refined photosphere spectral analysis led to reductions of 30-50 per cent in the inferred amounts of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen in the Sun. Standard solar models using the revised element abundances disagree with helioseismic observations that determine the internal solar structure using acoustic oscillations. This could be resolved if the true mean opacity for the solar interior matter were roughly 15 per cent higher than predicted, because increased opacity compensates for the decreased element abundances. Iron accounts for a quarter of the total opacity at the solar radiation/convection zone boundary. Here we report measurements of wavelength-resolved iron opacity at electron temperatures of 1.9-2.3 million kelvin and electron densities of (0.7-4.0) × 10(22) per cubic centimetre, conditions very similar to those in the solar region that affects the discrepancy the most: the radiation/convection zone boundary. The measured wavelength-dependent opacity is 30-400 per cent higher than predicted. This represents roughly half the change in the mean opacity needed to resolve the solar discrepancy, even though iron is only one of many elements that contribute to opacity.

40 CFR 60.1270 - What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... opacity monitoring system and how are the data used? 60.1270 Section 60.1270 Protection of Environment... Continuous Emission Monitoring § 60.1270 What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how... system. (b) Install, evaluate, and operate each continuous opacity monitoring system according to § 60.13...

Quantification of plume opacity by digital photography.

PubMed

Du, Ke; Rood, Mark J; Kim, Byung J; Kemme, Michael R; Franek, Bill; Mattison, Kevin

2007-02-01

The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) developed Method 9 to describe how plume opacity can be quantified by humans. However, use of observations by humans introduces subjectivity, and is expensive due to semiannual certification requirements of the observers. The Digital Opacity Method (DOM) was developed to quantify plume opacity at lower cost, with improved objectivity, and to provide a digital record. Photographs of plumes were taken with a calibrated digital camera under specified conditions. Pixel values from those photographs were then interpreted to quantify the plume's opacity using a contrast model and a transmission model. The contrast model determines plume opacity based on pixel values that are related to the change in contrast between two backgrounds that are located behind and next to the plume. The transmission model determines the plume's opacity based on pixel values that are related to radiances from the plume and its background. DOM was field tested with a smoke generator. The individual and average opacity errors of DOM were within the USEPA Method 9 acceptable error limits for both field campaigns. Such results are encouraging and support the use of DOM as an alternative to Method 9.

A Novel Cell Type Enables B. subtilis to Escape from Unsuccessful Sporulation in Minimal Medium

PubMed Central

Defeu Soufo, Hervé Joël

2016-01-01

Sporulation is the most enduring survival strategy developed by several bacterial species. However, spore development of the model organism Bacillus subtilis has mainly been studied by means of media or conditions optimized for the induction of sporogenesis. Here, I show that during prolonged growth during stationary phase in minimal medium, B. subtilis undergoes an asymmetric cell division that produces small and round-shaped, DNA containing cells. In contrast to wild-type cells, mutants harboring spo0A or spoIIIE/sftA double mutations neither sporulate nor produce this special cell type, providing evidence that the small round cells emerge from the abortion of endospore formation. In most cases observed, the small round cells arise in the presence of sigma H but absence of sigma F activity, different from cases of abortive sporulation described for rich media. These data suggest that in minimal media, many cells are able to initiate but fail to complete spore development, and therefore return to normal growth as rods. This work reveals that the continuation of asymmetric cell division, which results in the formation of the small round cells, is a way for cells to delay or escape from—unsuccessful—sporulation. Based on these findings, I suggest to name the here described cell type as “dwarf cells” to distinguish them from the well-known minicells observed in mutants defective in septum placement or proper chromosome partitioning. PMID:27891124

NLTE opacity calculations: C-Si and C-Ge mixtures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jarrah, W.; Benredjem, D.; Pain, J.-C.; Dubau, J.

2017-09-01

The opacity is an important issue in the knowledge of the radiative properties of ICF and astrophysical plasmas. We present the opacity of dopants (silicon, germanium) embedded in the ablator of some ICF capsules. In recent works, Hill and Rose calculated the opacity of silicon in LTE and non-LTE plasmas, while Minguez and co-workers focused on the opacity of carbon. We have used the Cowan code to calculate the atomic structure of carbon, silicon and germanium in various ionic stages. The cross-sections of atomic processes (collisional excitation, collisional ionization) are obtained by fitting the values given by the code FAC to the Van Regemorter-like formulas of Sampson and Zhang. A corrected Gaunt factor is then obtained. A collisional-radiative code was developed in order to obtain the ionic populations, the level populations and the opacity. Line broadening and line shift are taken into account. The ionization potential depression is included in our calculations. The effect of a radiation field on the opacity is examined.

Visual search, movement behaviour and boat control during the windward mark rounding in sailing.

PubMed

Pluijms, Joost P; Cañal-Bruland, Rouwen; Hoozemans, Marco J M; Savelsbergh, Geert J P

2015-01-01

In search of key-performance predictors in sailing, we examined to what degree visual search, movement behaviour and boat control contribute to skilled performance while rounding the windward mark. To this end, we analysed 62 windward mark roundings sailed without opponents and 40 windward mark roundings sailed with opponents while competing in small regattas. Across conditions, results revealed that better performances were related to gazing more to the tangent point during the actual rounding. More specifically, in the condition without opponents, skilled performance was associated with gazing more outside the dinghy during the actual rounding, while in the condition with opponents, superior performance was related to gazing less outside the dinghy. With respect to movement behaviour, superior performance was associated with the release of the trimming lines close to rounding the mark. In addition, better performances were related to approaching the mark with little heel, yet heeling the boat more to the windward side when being close to the mark. Potential implications for practice are suggested for each phase of the windward mark rounding.

The role of configuration interaction in the LTE opacity of Fe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colgan, James; Kilcrease, David; Magee, Norm; Armstrong, Gregory; Abdallah, Joe; Sherrill, Manolo; Fontes, Christopher; Zhang, Honglin; Hakel, Peter

2013-05-01

The Los Alamos National Laboratory code ATOMIC has been recently used to generate a series of local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (LTE) light element opacities for the elements H through Ne. Our calculations, which include fine-structure detail, represent a systematic improvement over previous Los Alamos opacity calculations using the LEDCOP legacy code. Recent efforts have resulted in comprehensive new calculations of the opacity of Fe. In this presentation we explore the role of configuration interaction (CI) in the Fe opacity, and show where CI influences the monochromatic opacity. We present such comparisons for conditions of astrophysical interest. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396.

Design of the opacity spectrometer for opacity measurements at the National Ignition Facility

DOE PAGES

Ross, P. W.; Heeter, R. F.; Ahmed, M. F.; ...

2016-10-03

Recent experiments at the Sandia National Laboratory Z facility have called into question models used in calculating opacity, of importance for modeling stellar interiors. An effort is being made to reproduce these results at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These experiments require a new X-ray opacity spectrometer (OpSpec) spanning 540 eV–2100 eV with a resolving power E/ΔE > 700. The design of the OpSpec is presented. Photometric calculations based on expected opacity data are also presented in this paper. First use on NIF is expected in September 2016.

Design of the opacity spectrometer for opacity measurements at the National Ignition Facility.

PubMed

Ross, P W; Heeter, R F; Ahmed, M F; Dodd, E; Huffman, E J; Liedahl, D A; King, J A; Opachich, Y P; Schneider, M B; Perry, T S

2016-11-01

Recent experiments at the Sandia National Laboratory Z facility have called into question models used in calculating opacity, of importance for modeling stellar interiors. An effort is being made to reproduce these results at the National Ignition Facility (NIF). These experiments require a new X-ray opacity spectrometer (OpSpec) spanning 540 eV-2100 eV with a resolving power E/ΔE > 700. The design of the OpSpec is presented. Photometric calculations based on expected opacity data are also presented. First use on NIF is expected in September 2016.

A Comparative Study of Major OPACs in Selected Academic Libraries for Developing Countries: User Study and Subjective User Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Iljong

1997-01-01

A study of five Texas academic libraries provided information on OPAC use by Korean college students to assist system managers select OPACs. The study determined that academic level and age influence preference for the type of OPAC system, that more specific search instructions are needed, and that system menus were the most commonly used source…

Small round blue cell tumors of the sinonasal tract: a differential diagnosis approach.

PubMed

Thompson, Lester Dr

2017-01-01

One of the most challenging diagnostic categories within tumors of the sinonasal tract is the small round blue cell tumors. Biopsies are usually small and limited, resulting in considerable diagnostic difficulty for practicing surgical pathologists. These tumors share several overlapping histologic and immunophenotypic findings while also showing considerable variation within and between cases. Specific tumor site of origin, imaging findings, and clinical findings must be combined with the histology and pertinent ancillary studies if the correct diagnosis is to be reached. Discrimination between neoplasms is critical as there are significant differences in therapy and overall outcome. It is important to have a well developed differential diagnosis for this category of tumors, where each of the diagnoses is considered, evaluated, and either confirmed or excluded from further consideration. In an undifferentiated tumor, showing a small round blue cell morphology, using the mnemonic 'MR SLEEP' helps to highlight tumors to consider: melanoma, mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, sinonasal undifferentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma (including NUT carcinoma), small cell osteosarcoma, lymphoma, esthesioneuroblastoma (olfactory neuroblastoma), Ewing sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumor, pituitary adenoma, and plasmacytoma. A panel of pertinent immunohistochemistry studies, histochemistries and/or molecular tests should aid in reaching a diagnosis, especially when taking the pattern and intensity of reactions into consideration.

Deep neural network convolution (NNC) for three-class classification of diffuse lung disease opacities in high-resolution CT (HRCT): consolidation, ground-glass opacity (GGO), and normal opacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashimoto, Noriaki; Suzuki, Kenji; Liu, Junchi; Hirano, Yasushi; MacMahon, Heber; Kido, Shoji

2018-02-01

Consolidation and ground-glass opacity (GGO) are two major types of opacities associated with diffuse lung diseases. Accurate detection and classification of such opacities are crucially important in the diagnosis of lung diseases, but the process is subjective, and suffers from interobserver variability. Our study purpose was to develop a deep neural network convolution (NNC) system for distinguishing among consolidation, GGO, and normal lung tissue in high-resolution CT (HRCT). We developed ensemble of two deep NNC models, each of which was composed of neural network regression (NNR) with an input layer, a convolution layer, a fully-connected hidden layer, and a fully-connected output layer followed by a thresholding layer. The output layer of each NNC provided a map for the likelihood of being each corresponding lung opacity of interest. The two NNC models in the ensemble were connected in a class-selection layer. We trained our NNC ensemble with pairs of input 2D axial slices and "teaching" probability maps for the corresponding lung opacity, which were obtained by combining three radiologists' annotations. We randomly selected 10 and 40 slices from HRCT scans of 172 patients for each class as a training and test set, respectively. Our NNC ensemble achieved an area under the receiver-operating-characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) of 0.981 and 0.958 in distinction of consolidation and GGO, respectively, from normal opacity, yielding a classification accuracy of 93.3% among 3 classes. Thus, our deep-NNC-based system for classifying diffuse lung diseases achieved high accuracies for classification of consolidation, GGO, and normal opacity.

Treatment of atomic and molecular line blanketing by opacity sampling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, H. R.; Krupp, B. M.

1976-01-01

A sampling technique for treating the radiative opacity of large numbers of atomic and molecular lines in cool stellar atmospheres is subjected to several tests. In this opacity sampling (OS) technique, the global opacity is sampled at only a selected set of frequencies, and at each of these frequencies the total monochromatic opacity is obtained by summing the contribution of every relevant atomic and molecular line. In accord with previous results, we find that the structure of atmospheric models is accurately fixed by the use of 1000 frequency points, and 100 frequency points are adequate for many purposes. The effects of atomic and molecular lines are separately studied. A test model computed using the OS method agrees very well with a model having identical atmospheric parameters, but computed with the giant line (opacity distribution function) method.

A telegeriatric service in a small rural hospital: A case study and cost analysis.

PubMed

Versleijen, Marloes; Martin-Khan, Melinda G; Whitty, Jennifer A; Smith, Anthony C; Gray, Leonard C

2015-12-01

Small hospitals in rural areas usually have an insufficient caseload of frail old people to justify the regular presence of a geriatrician. This study examined the costs of providing a telegeriatric service by videoconference in a rural hospital, compared to the costs of a visiting geriatrician that travels to undertake in-person consultations. A cost analysis was undertaken to compare the costs of the telegeriatric service model with the costs of a visiting geriatrician service model. A recently established telegeriatric service at Warwick Hospital was used as a case study. In the base case model (assuming four patients per round and a round-trip travel distance of 312 kilometres), an estimated AUD$131 per patient consultation can be saved in favour of the telegeriatric service model. Key drivers of costs are the number of patients per round and the travel distance and time in the visiting geriatrician model. At a workload of four patients per round, it is less expensive to conduct a telegeriatric service than a visiting geriatrician service when the round-trip travel time exceeds 76 minutes. Even under quite conservative assumptions, a telegeriatric service offers an economically feasible approach to the delivery of specialist geriatric assessment in rural and remote settings. © The Author(s) 2015.

[Rapidly progressive pulmonary malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor: a case report and literature review].

PubMed

Shi, X Y; Long, F; Liang, B; Su, L L; Li, H C; Jiang, S J

2016-10-12

Objective: To analyze the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis and differential diagnosis of primary perivascular epithelioid cell tumor(PEComa). Methods: The clinical features, auxiliary examinations and diagnosis of a case with rapidly progressive pulmonary malignant PEComa were reported and the related literatures were reviewed.The literature review was carried out respectively in Wanfang Data, CNKI and PubMed from Jan. 1975 to Jul. 2015 with "pulmonary malignant perivascular epithelioid cell tumor" and "PEComa" being the search terms. Results: A 50 year-old female patient was admitted to the hospital on September 4, 2014 because of cough and dyspnea for 60 days, hemoptysis for 40 days and fever for 7 days.Chest CT scan showed diffuse small nodules with infiltrative border and multiple pure and mixed ground-glass opacity. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was performed and the pathological study confirmed the diagnosis of primary pulmonary malignant PEComa. The patient declined further specific therapy, but followed by rapidly progressive respiratory failure, and died two weeks after the diagnosis. A total of 8 literatures were retrieved from Wanfang Data, CNKI and PubMed and all of them were case reports.There were 3 male and 5 female patients, aging from 50 to 79 years.Radiographically, the previously reported cases presented as round and well-circumscribed masses with or without multiple nodules in both lungs. The symptoms had no specificity. Conclusions: Pulmonary malignant PEComa is a rare disease.It is easily misdiagnosed because of non-specific clinical and imaging manifestations.The final diagnosis depends on pathological biopsy.TBLB is an effective diagnostic method.

Measurement of nurses' attitudes and knowledge regarding acute care older patients: Psychometrics of the OPACS-US combined with the KOP-Q.

PubMed

Dikken, Jeroen; Hoogerduijn, Jita G; Lagerwey, Mary D; Shortridge-Baggett, Lillie; Klaassen, Sharon; Schuurmans, Marieke J

In clinical practice, identifying positive and negative attitudes toward older patients is very important to improve quality of care provided to them. The Older People in Acute Care Survey - United States (OPACS-US) is an instrument measuring hospital nurses attitudes regarding older patients. However, psychometrics have never been assessed. Furthermore, knowledge being related to attitude and behavior should also be measured complementing the OPACS-US. The purpose of this study was to assess structural validity and reliability of the OPACS-US and assess whether the OPACS-US can be complemented with the Knowledge about Older Patients-Quiz (KOP-Q). A multicenter cross sectional design was conducted. Registered nurses (n = 130, mean age 39,9 years; working experience 14,6 years) working in four general hospitals were included in the study. Nurses completed the OPACS-US section A: practice experiences, B: general opinion and the KOP-Q online. Findings demonstrated that the OPACS-US is a valid and reliable survey instrument that measures practice experiences and general opinion. Furthermore, the OPACS-US can be combined with the KOP-Q adding a knowledge construct, and is ready for use within education and/or quality improvement programs in the USA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fine-needle aspiration in desmoplastic small round cell tumor: a report of 10 new tumors in 8 patients with clinicopathological and molecular correlations with review of the literature.

PubMed

Klijanienko, Jerzy; Colin, Pierre; Couturier, Jérôme; Lagacé, Réal; Fréneaux, Paul; Pierron, Gaëlle; Laé, Marick; Klijanienko, Alice; Brisse, Hervé; Orbach, Daniel; Theocharis, Stamatios

2014-05-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare round cell sarcoma entity characterized by a specific t(11;22)(p13;q12) translocation, usually intra-abdominal localization and an aggressive clinical outcome. To date, only 35 DSRCT cases diagnosed by fine-needle aspiration have been described. This study reports the cytological diagnosis of DSRCT. Ten tumors from 8 patients were sampled for diagnosis and analyzed to search the characteristic translocation using fluorescence in situ hybridization or reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction methods. Smears were always hypercellular and consisted of nonspecific round cell sarcoma. Nuclei were polymorphic round, kidney-, or heart-shaped. Nuclear molding was usually present. Paranuclear cytoplasmic densities were obvious and noted in 7 cases. Cytonuclear atypia, mitotic figures, numerous crushed nuclei, and apoptosis were frequently seen. Purple-stained stroma was present in 8 cases (ranging from few connective tissue fragments to large hyalinized deposits). Molecular studies based on cytological aspirates were performed in 8 patients. The presence of the fusion gene EWSR1-WT 1 transcript was identified in all, which confirmed the diagnosis of DSRCT. Smears showing poorly differentiated round cells associated with cytoplasmic densities and connective stoma, in a specific clinical context, young adult age, intra-abdominal localization, suggestive immunocytochemical profile, and a unique cytogenetic abnormality are highly specific and allow an accurate diagnosis of DSRCT. © 2014 American Cancer Society.

Wider pulsation instability regions for β Cephei and SPB stars calculated using new Los Alamos opacities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walczak, Przemysław; Fontes, Christopher John; Colgan, James Patrick

Here, our goal is to test the newly developed OPLIB opacity tables from Los Alamos National Laboratory and check their influence on the pulsation properties of B-type stars. We calculated models using MESA and Dziembowski codes for stellar evolution and linear, nonadiabatic pulsations, respectively. We derived the instability domains of β Cephei and SPB-types for different opacity tables OPLIB, OP, and OPAL. As a result, the new OPLIB opacities have the highest Rosseland mean opacity coefficient near the so-called Z-bump. Therefore, the OPLIB instability domains are wider than in the case of OP and OPAL data.

Wider pulsation instability regions for β Cephei and SPB stars calculated using new Los Alamos opacities

DOE PAGES

Walczak, Przemysław; Fontes, Christopher John; Colgan, James Patrick; ...

2015-08-13

Here, our goal is to test the newly developed OPLIB opacity tables from Los Alamos National Laboratory and check their influence on the pulsation properties of B-type stars. We calculated models using MESA and Dziembowski codes for stellar evolution and linear, nonadiabatic pulsations, respectively. We derived the instability domains of β Cephei and SPB-types for different opacity tables OPLIB, OP, and OPAL. As a result, the new OPLIB opacities have the highest Rosseland mean opacity coefficient near the so-called Z-bump. Therefore, the OPLIB instability domains are wider than in the case of OP and OPAL data.

Mass Spectrometry Theatre: A Model for Big-Screen Instrumental Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allison, John

2008-01-01

Teaching lecture or lab courses in instrumental analysis can be a source of frustration since one can only crowd a small number of students around a single instrument, typically leading to round-robin approaches. Round-robin labs can spread students into multiple labs and limit instructor-student interactions. We discuss "Mass Spectrometry…

Superficial EWSR1-negative undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with CIC/DUX4 gene fusion: a new variant of Ewing-like tumors with locoregional lymph node metastasis.

PubMed

Machado, Isidro; Cruz, Julia; Lavernia, Javier; Rubio, Luis; Campos, Jorge; Barrios, María; Grison, Camille; Chene, Virginie; Pierron, Gaelle; Delattre, Olivier; Llombart-Bosch, Antonio

2013-12-01

The present study describes a new case of EWSR1-negative undifferentiated sarcoma with CIC/DUX4 gene fusion. This case is similar to tumors described as primitive undifferentiated round cell sarcomas that occur mainly in the trunk and display an aggressive behavior. To our knowledge, this is the first report of such a tumor presenting locoregional lymph node metastasis. In view of previous studies that prove the existence of a particular variant of undifferentiated sarcoma with Ewing-like morphology and CIC/DUX-4 gene fusion, a search for this gene fusion in all undifferentiated round cell sarcomas should be considered if a conclusive diagnosis cannot be reached following other conventional studies. Although additional cases with more extensive follow-up studies are needed, we believe that EWSR1-negative undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma with CIC/DUX4 gene fusion should be added to the list of new sarcoma variants with the possibility of lymph node metastasis.

The effect of perforations on the ballistics of a flare-stabilized projectile

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mermagen, W. H.; Yalamanchili, R. J.

Flight tests of two 35/105 mm flare stabilized projectile configurations were conducted. The projectiles were fired from the M68 tank cannon at Mach 4.0 using a standard M735 sabot. Flight data were obtained with a doppler velocimeter. The perforated flare projectiles showed a reduced drag for M greater than 1.7, which increased significantly at velocities below M 1.7, while the solid flare rounds had a slightly higher drag above Mach 1.7. Below Mach 1.7, the solid flare rounds had less drag than the perforated flare round. Both solid and perforated flare projectiles had a maximum range of less than 8.0 kilometers. The effects of the perforations on the flight performance were small. The flight data are compared to previous tests of the German-made 'LKL' projectile. The differences in flight performance between solid flares, flares with perforations, and the LKL-perforated flare rounds were small and of no practical consequence. Dispersion tests of the solid-flare stabilized projectiles were conducted at one, two, and three kilometers with excellent results. Very low dispersions were observed at all ranges.

Correlation of plume opacity with particles and sulfates from boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lou, J.C.; Lee, M.; Chen, K.S.

1997-07-01

The effects of emission concentrations of particulate matters and sulfates on plume opacity are investigated by in situ measurements. The studies are conducted for three processes of two coal-fired plants and one oil-fired that are all equipped with electrostatic precipitators. Flue-gas sampling and analysis include the concentrations of particles and total water soluble sulfates, particle size distribution, and flue-gas composition; while in-stack and out-of-stack opacities are determined by a transmissometer and certified smoke inspectors, respectively. Experimental results show that plume opacity outside the stack linearly correlates well with the in-stack opacity. The mixing of hot flue gas with cold ambientmore » air would result in the condensation of hygroscopic sulfuric acid aerosols and an increase about 1.6% out of typical 15--25% measured opacity. An empirical equation similar to the Beer-Lambert-Bouger form is derived for predicting the plume opacity in terms of the stack diameter and the concentrations of particles and total water soluble sulfates. Good comparisons are achieved between predictions by the empirical equation and other available field data.« less

Investigating the Effect of Cosmic Opacity on Standard Candles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, J.; Yu, H.; Wang, F. Y.

2017-02-01

Standard candles can probe the evolution of dark energy over a large redshift range. But the cosmic opacity can degrade the quality of standard candles. In this paper, we use the latest observations, including Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the “joint light-curve analysis” sample and Hubble parameters, to probe the opacity of the universe. A joint fitting of the SNe Ia light-curve parameters, cosmological parameters, and opacity is used in order to avoid the cosmological dependence of SNe Ia luminosity distances. The latest gamma-ray bursts are used in order to explore the cosmic opacity at high redshifts. The cosmic reionization process is considered at high redshifts. We find that the sample supports an almost transparent universe for flat ΛCDM and XCDM models. Meanwhile, free electrons deplete photons from standard candles through (inverse) Compton scattering, which is known as an important component of opacity. This Compton dimming may play an important role in future supernova surveys. From analysis, we find that about a few per cent of the cosmic opacity is caused by Compton dimming in the two models, which can be corrected.

Validation of the digital opacity compliance system under regulatory enforcement conditions.

PubMed

McFarland, Michael J; Rasmussen, Steve L; Stone, Daniel A; Palmer, Glenn R; Wander, Joseph D

2006-09-01

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Emission Measurement Center in conjunction with EPA Regions VI and VIII, the state of Utah, and the U.S. Department of Defense have conducted a series of long-term pilot and field tests to determine the accuracy and reliability of a visible opacity monitoring system consisting of a conventional digital camera and a separate computer software application for plume opacity determination. This technology, known as the Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS), has been successfully demonstrated at EPA-sponsored Method-9 "smoke schools", as well as at a number of government and commercially operated industrial facilities. Results from the current DOCS regulatory pilot study demonstrated that, under regulatory enforcement conditions, the average difference in opacity measurement between the DOCS technology and EPA Reference Method 9 (Method 9) was 1.12%. This opacity difference, which was computed from the evaluation of 241 regulated air sources, was found to be statistically significant at the 99% confidence level. In evaluating only those sources for which a nonzero visible opacity level was recorded, the

A New Generation of Los Alamos Opacity Tables

DOE PAGES

Colgan, James Patrick; Kilcrease, David Parker; Magee, Jr., Norman H.; ...

2016-01-26

We present a new, publicly available, set of Los Alamos OPLIB opacity tables for the elements hydrogen through zinc. Our tables are computed using the Los Alamos ATOMIC opacity and plasma modeling code, and make use of atomic structure calculations that use fine-structure detail for all the elements considered. Our equation-of-state (EOS) model, known as ChemEOS, is based on the minimization of free energy in a chemical picture and appears to be a reasonable and robust approach to determining atomic state populations over a wide range of temperatures and densities. In this paper we discuss in detail the calculations thatmore » we have performed for the 30 elements considered, and present some comparisons of our monochromatic opacities with measurements and other opacity codes. We also use our new opacity tables in solar modeling calculations and compare and contrast such modeling with previous work.« less

Experiment to measure oxygen opacity at high density and temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keiter, Paul; Mussack, Katie; Orban, Chris; Colgan, James; Ducret, Jean-Eric; Fontes, Christopher J.; Guzik, Joyce Ann; Heeter, Robert F.; Kilcrease, Dave; Le Pennec, Maelle; Mancini, Roberto; Perry, Ted; Turck-Chièze, Sylvaine; Trantham, Matt

2017-06-01

In recent years, there has been a debate over the abundances of heavy elements (Z >2) in the solar interior. Recent solar atmosphere models [Asplund 2009] find a significantly lower abundance for C, N, and O compared to models used roughly a decade ago. This discrepancy has led to an investigation of opacities through laboratory experiments and improved opacity models for many of the larger contributors to the sun’s opacity, including iron and oxygen. Recent opacity measurements of iron disagree with opacity model predictions [Bailey et al, 2015]. Although these results are still controversial, repeated scrutiny of the experiment and data has not produced a conclusive reason for the discrepancy. New models have been implemented in the ATOMIC opacity code for C, O and Fe to address the solar abundance issue [Colgan, 2013]. Armstrong et al [2014] have also implemented changes in the ATOMIC code for low-Z elements. However, no data currently exists to test the low-Z material models in the regime relevant to the solar convection zone. We present an experimental design using the opacity platform developed at the National Ignition Facility to study the oxygen opacity at densities and temperatures near the solar convection zone conditions.This work is funded by the U.S. DOE, through the NNSA-DS and SC-OFES Joint Program in HEDPLP, grant No. DE-NA0001840, and the NLUF Program, grant No. DE-NA0000850, and through LLE, University of Rochester by the NNSA/OICF under Agreement No. DE-FC52-08NA28302.

Small, smooth, nonmobile cardiac myxoma detected by transesophageal echocardiography following recurrent cerebral infarction: a case report.

PubMed

Saito, Yuki; Aizawa, Yoshihiro; Monno, Koyuru; Nagashima, Koichi; Kurokawa, Sayaka; Osaka, Shunji; Akimoto, Takayoshi; Kamei, Satoshi; Tanaka, Masashi; Hirayama, Atsushi

2017-05-10

Cardiac myxoma is known to cause repeated events of cerebral embolism. Soft and irregularly shaped myxomas with high mobility are associated with a higher occurrence of cerebral embolism. In contrast, nonmobile cardiac myxomas with a round regular shape are rarely considered to be a cause of cerebral embolism. In this case, we present a patient with recurrent cerebral embolism associated with a small and nonmobile cardiac myxoma of round regular shape. A 76-year-old Japanese man presented to our hospital with weakness in his right upper extremity. He had a history of right frontal lobe infarction in the previous month. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed an area of hyperintensity in the left precentral gyrus, indicating acute cerebral infarction. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed normal left ventricular function and no abnormalities. However, transesophageal echocardiography showed a small and nonmobile left atrial tumor with round regular shape attached to the ostium secundum of the atrial septum. Based on these findings, we diagnosed recurrent cerebral infarction due to embolization caused by left atrial myxoma, and cardiac tumor extraction was performed on hospitalization day 36. The excised tumor measured 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.5 cm and was diagnosed as cardiac myxoma by histologic examination. Even small and nonmobile cardiac myxomas with a round regular shape may cause recurrent cerebral infarction. The diagnosis of this type of atrial myxoma is elusive and transesophageal echocardiography was an effective method of detection. In a clinical situation, this type of cardiac myxoma may be overlooked as a cause of cerebral infarction.

Computed tomography guided percutaneous injection of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue in rabbit lungs: evaluation of localization ability for video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery.

PubMed

Jin, Kwang Nam; Lee, Kyung Won; Kim, Tae Jung; Song, Yong Sub; Kim, Dong Il

2014-01-01

Preoperative localization is necessary prior to video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the detection of small or deeply located lung nodules. We compared the localization ability of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue (MLM) (0.6 mL, 1:5) to methylene blue (0.5 mL) in rabbit lungs. CT-guided percutaneous injections were performed in 21 subjects with MLM and methylene blue. We measured the extent of staining on freshly excised lung and evaluated the subjective localization ability with 4 point scales at 6 and 24 hr after injections. For MLM, radio-opacity was evaluated on the fluoroscopy. We considered score 2 (acceptable) or 3 (excellent) as appropriate for localization. The staining extent of MLM was significantly smaller than methylene blue (0.6 vs 1.0 cm, P<0.001). MLM showed superior staining ability over methylene blue (2.8 vs 2.2, P=0.010). Excellent staining was achieved in 17 subjects (81%) with MLM and 8 (38%) with methylene blue (P=0.011). An acceptable or excellent radio-opacity of MLM was found in 13 subjects (62%). An appropriate localization rate of MLM was 100% with the use of the directly visible ability and radio-opacity of MLM. MLM provides a superior pulmonary localization ability over methylene blue.

Computed Tomography Guided Percutaneous Injection of a Mixture of Lipiodol and Methylene Blue in Rabbit Lungs: Evaluation of Localization Ability for Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery

PubMed Central

Jin, Kwang Nam; Kim, Tae Jung; Song, Yong Sub; Kim, Dong Il

2014-01-01

Preoperative localization is necessary prior to video assisted thoracoscopic surgery for the detection of small or deeply located lung nodules. We compared the localization ability of a mixture of lipiodol and methylene blue (MLM) (0.6 mL, 1:5) to methylene blue (0.5 mL) in rabbit lungs. CT-guided percutaneous injections were performed in 21 subjects with MLM and methylene blue. We measured the extent of staining on freshly excised lung and evaluated the subjective localization ability with 4 point scales at 6 and 24 hr after injections. For MLM, radio-opacity was evaluated on the fluoroscopy. We considered score 2 (acceptable) or 3 (excellent) as appropriate for localization. The staining extent of MLM was significantly smaller than methylene blue (0.6 vs 1.0 cm, P<0.001). MLM showed superior staining ability over methylene blue (2.8 vs 2.2, P=0.010). Excellent staining was achieved in 17 subjects (81%) with MLM and 8 (38%) with methylene blue (P=0.011). An acceptable or excellent radio-opacity of MLM was found in 13 subjects (62%). An appropriate localization rate of MLM was 100% with the use of the directly visible ability and radio-opacity of MLM. MLM provides a superior pulmonary localization ability over methylene blue. PMID:24431917

Overview of Graphical User Interfaces.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hulser, Richard P.

1993-01-01

Discussion of graphical user interfaces for online public access catalogs (OPACs) covers the history of OPACs; OPAC front-end design, including examples from Indiana University and the University of Illinois; and planning and implementation of a user interface. (10 references) (EA)

Impact of Neutrino Opacities on Core-collapse Supernova Simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kotake, Kei; Takiwaki, Tomoya; Fischer, Tobias; Nakamura, Ko; Martínez-Pinedo, Gabriel

2018-02-01

The accurate description of neutrino opacities is central to both the core-collapse supernova (CCSN) phenomenon and the validity of the explosion mechanism itself. In this work, we study in a systematic fashion the role of a variety of well-selected neutrino opacities in CCSN simulations where the multi-energy, three-flavor neutrino transport is solved using the isotropic diffusion source approximation (IDSA) scheme. To verify our code, we first present results from one-dimensional (1D) simulations following the core collapse, bounce, and ∼250 ms postbounce of a 15 {M}ȯ star using a standard set of neutrino opacities by Bruenn. A detailed comparison with published results supports the reliability of our three-flavor IDSA scheme using the standard opacity set. We then investigate in 1D simulations how individual opacity updates lead to differences with the baseline run with the standard opacity set. Through detailed comparisons with previous work, we check the validity of our implementation of each update in a step-by-step manner. Individual neutrino opacities with the largest impact on the overall evolution in 1D simulations are selected for systematic comparisons in our two-dimensional (2D) simulations. Special attention is given to the criterion of explodability in the 2D models. We discuss the implications of these results as well as its limitations and the requirements for future, more elaborate CCSN modeling.

Effects of adhesive used as modeling liquid on the stability of the color and opacity of composites.

PubMed

Araujo, Fernanda Santos; Barros, Mellany Cristie Ramos; Santana, Márcia Luciana Carregosa; de Jesus Oliveira, Ludmila Smith; Silva, Paula Fernanda Damasceno; Lima, Giana da Silveira; Faria-E-Silva, André Luis

2018-04-01

This study evaluated the effects of adhesive type used as modeling liquid on the stability of the color and opacity of composites submitted to thermal cycling in staining solutions followed by a bleaching procedure. Thirty cylinder-shaped composite specimens (10 mm diameter × 1.5 mm thickness) were built using or not using (control) an adhesive (Adper Universal or Scotchbond Multipurpose) as the modeling liquid. After polishing procedures, the color and opacity were measured, and the specimens were submitted to 200 thermal cycles with 10 s of dwell time in baths of grape juice at 5°C, water at 37°C, and coffee at 55°C. Changes in opacity and color caused by the staining solutions were measured. Then, the specimens were bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 45 minutes followed by color/opacity measurements. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 0.05). The use of modeling liquids did not affect the initial color and opacity of composite. Reduced changes to color (E 00  = 3.44) and opacity (+2.67%) were observed for specimens modeled using Adper Universal. Bleaching procedures reduced the color (E 00  = 1.9-3.8) and opacity (-2.3 to 3.1%) alterations caused by staining solutions but were unable to restore the values observed at baseline. The use of universal adhesive as modeling liquid significantly reduced the color and opacity changes caused by staining solutions, and the bleaching procedure partially re-established the opacity and color of the composites. This study evaluates whether using adhesive systems for modeling a composite affects the color and opacity changes caused by staining solutions followed by a bleaching procedure. The findings suggest that the use of a universal adhesive as modeling liquid can reduce the alterations in optical properties caused by staining solutions, and the application of high-concentrated hydrogen peroxide over the composite reduce the color changes without fully recover the initial color. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PHOX2B reliably distinguishes neuroblastoma among small round blue cell tumours.

PubMed

Hung, Yin P; Lee, John P; Bellizzi, Andrew M; Hornick, Jason L

2017-11-01

Neuroblastoma shows considerable histological overlap with other small round blue cell tumours. PHOX2B, a transcription factor that is essential for autonomic nervous system development, has been reported as an immunohistochemical marker for neuroblastoma. The aim of this study was to validate the specificity and diagnostic utility of PHOX2B for peripheral neuroblastic tumours. We evaluated 240 cases (133 in whole-tissue sections; 107 in tissue microarrays), including 76 peripheral neuroblastic tumours (median age 2 years; including four adults) and 164 other tumours: 44 Wilms tumours; 20 Ewing sarcomas; 10 each of CIC-rearranged round cell sarcomas, poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas, lymphoblastic lymphomas, alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, Merkel cell carcinomas, olfactory neuroblastomas, and melanomas; and five each of NUT midline carcinomas and desmoplastic small round cell tumours. Immunohistochemistry for PHOX2B was performed with a rabbit monoclonal antibody. PHOX2B positivity was defined as the presence of nuclear immunoreactivity in ≥5% of cells. PHOX2B was positive in 70 (92%) peripheral neuroblastic tumours, including 68 of 72 (94%) paediatric and two of four (50%) adult cases. Furthermore, PHOX2B was consistently negative in all non-peripheral neuroblastic tumours, with staining being absent in 160 cases and limited in four cases. PHOX2B is a highly sensitive and specific immunohistochemical marker for peripheral neuroblastic tumours, including neuroblastoma. PHOX2B reliably distinguishes neuroblastoma from histological mimics such as Wilms tumour, Ewing sarcoma, and CIC-rearranged round cell sarcoma. PHOX2B negativity in two of four adult neuroblastoma cases raises the possibility that some adult neuroblastomas are of a different lineage than paediatric cases. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Midwest Guardrail System with round timber posts

Treesearch

Ronald K. Faller; John D. Reid; David E. Kretschmann; Jason A. Hascall; Dean L. Sicking

2009-01-01

A modified Midwest Guardrail System (MGS) was developed by using small-diameter round wood posts. The barrier system was configured with three timber species: Douglas fir (DF), ponderosa pine (PP), and southern yellow pine (SYP). Barrier VII computer simulation, combined with cantilever post testing in a rigid sleeve and soil, was used to determine the required post...

Mitigation of Adverse Effects of Long Branch Lake Project upon the Archaeological Resources. Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

ly quartz but with some plagio - clase. Particles are highly rounded. Particles are generally small (.1 to .7 millimeters) but with a few (up to 5...Includes highly rounded, sand- sized particles as well as angular particles, of quartz and plagio - clase. Origin of materials ap- pears to be from sand

Investigating the Effect of Cosmic Opacity on Standard Candles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, J.; Yu, H.; Wang, F. Y., E-mail: fayinwang@nju.edu.cn

Standard candles can probe the evolution of dark energy over a large redshift range. But the cosmic opacity can degrade the quality of standard candles. In this paper, we use the latest observations, including Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) from the “joint light-curve analysis” sample and Hubble parameters, to probe the opacity of the universe. A joint fitting of the SNe Ia light-curve parameters, cosmological parameters, and opacity is used in order to avoid the cosmological dependence of SNe Ia luminosity distances. The latest gamma-ray bursts are used in order to explore the cosmic opacity at high redshifts. The cosmicmore » reionization process is considered at high redshifts. We find that the sample supports an almost transparent universe for flat ΛCDM and XCDM models. Meanwhile, free electrons deplete photons from standard candles through (inverse) Compton scattering, which is known as an important component of opacity. This Compton dimming may play an important role in future supernova surveys. From analysis, we find that about a few per cent of the cosmic opacity is caused by Compton dimming in the two models, which can be corrected.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Poutanen, Juri, E-mail: juri.poutanen@utu.fi

Rosseland mean opacity plays an important role in theories of stellar evolution and X-ray burst models. In the high-temperature regime, when most of the gas is completely ionized, the opacity is dominated by Compton scattering. Our aim here is to critically evaluate previous works on this subject and to compute the exact Rosseland mean opacity for Compton scattering over a broad range of temperature and electron degeneracy parameter. We use relativistic kinetic equations for Compton scattering and compute the photon mean free path as a function of photon energy by solving the corresponding integral equation in the diffusion limit. Asmore » a byproduct we also demonstrate the way to compute photon redistribution functions in the case of degenerate electrons. We then compute the Rosseland mean opacity as a function of temperature and electron degeneracy and present useful approximate expressions. We compare our results to previous calculations and find a significant difference in the low-temperature regime and strong degeneracy. We then proceed to compute the flux mean opacity in both free-streaming and diffusion approximations, and show that the latter is nearly identical to the Rosseland mean opacity. We also provide a simple way to account for the true absorption in evaluating the Rosseland and flux mean opacities.« less

BMDO Technology and the Electric Utility Industry

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

use flue gas desulfurization systems, called scrubbers, to control the emissions of S02. In general, such systems allow combustion gases to pass...M) of flue gas desulfurization systems were about .0114 cents per kilowatt-hour. This small fraction of a penny translates to hundreds of millions...diluent gas , and opacity of units (the percentage of light that one can see through the flue gas ). According to requirements, CEM equipment must be

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Semin Chong; Kyung Soo Lee; Myung Jin Chung

Pneumoconiosis may be classified as either fibrotic or nonfibrotic, according to the presence or absence of fibrosis. Silicosis, coal worker pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, berylliosis, and talcosis are examples of fibrotic pneumoconiosis. Siderosis, stannosis, and baritosis are nonfibrotic forms of pneumoconiosis that result from inhalation of iron oxide, tin oxide, and barium sulfate particles, respectively. In an individual who has a history of exposure to silica or coal dust, a finding of nodular or reticulonodular lesions at chest radiography or small nodules with a perilymphatic distribution at thin-section computed tomography (CT), with or without eggshell calcifications, is suggestive of silicosis or coalmore » worker pneumoconiosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for distinguishing between progressive massive fibrosis and lung cancer. CT and histopathologic findings in asbestosis are similar to those in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but the presence of asbestos bodies in histopathologic specimens is specific for the diagnosis of asbestosis. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia due to exposure to hard metals is classified as a fibrotic form of pneumoconiosis and appears on CT images as mixed ground-glass opacities and reticulation. Berylliosis simulates pulmonary sarcoidosis on CT images. CT findings in talcosis include small centrilobular and subpleural nodules or heterogeneous conglomerate masses that contain foci of high attenuation indicating talc deposition. Siderosis is nonfibrotic and is indicated by a CT finding of poorly defined centrilobular nodules or ground-glass opacities.« less

Comment on “Large Enhancement in High-Energy Photoionization of Fe XVII and Missing Continuum Plasma Opacity”

DOE PAGES

Blancard, C.; Colgan, J.; Cosse, Ph.; ...

2016-12-09

Recent R-matrix calculations claim to provide a significant enhancement in the opacity of Fe XVII due to atomic core excitations and assert that this enhancement is consistent with recent measurements of higher-than-predicted iron opacities. Here this comment shows that the standard opacity models which have already been directly compared with experimental data produce photon absorption cross-sections for Fe XVII that are effectively equivalent to the R-matrix opacities reported in.

Peripheral neuroblastoma in a young Beagle dog.

PubMed

Matsushima, S; Maruyama, T; Torii, M

1998-01-01

A peripheral neuroblastoma was found in the abdominal cavity of a young male beagle dog. The large tumor mass involved the left kidney and both adrenal glands. Histologically, a major portion of the neoplasm consisted of lobulated sheets of small round cells with hyperchromatic nuclei mixed with polygonal cells and neuropil. Small clusters of polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm and a trabecular growth pattern were observed adjacent to some of the tumor lobules. Small, round neoplastic cells metastasized to lumbar lymph nodes and also to the adrenal glands. The neoplastic cells were positive for neuron-specific enolase, synaptophysin, and neurofilament protein. Electron micrographs revealed intracytoplasmic dense core granules, microtubules, intermediate filaments, and desmosomes in the cytoplasm of the neoplastic cells.

The GUI OPAC: Approach with Caution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hildreth, Charles R.

1995-01-01

Discusses the graphical user interface (GUI) online public access catalog (OPAC), a user interface that uses images to represent options. Topics include user interface design for information retrieval; designing effective bibliographic displays, including subject headings; two design principles; and what GUIs can bring to OPACs. (LRW)

The Effect of Ionic Correlations on Radiative Properties in the Solar Interior and Terrestrial Experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krief, Menahem; Kurzweil, Yair; Feigel, Alexander; Gazit, Doron

2018-04-01

With the aim of solving the decade-old problem of solar opacity, we report substantial photoabsorption uncertainty due to the effect of ion–ion correlations. By performing detailed opacity calculations of the solar mixture, we find that taking into account the ionic structure changes the Rosseland opacity near the convection zone by ∼10%. We also report a ∼15% difference in the Rosseland opacity for iron, which was recently measured at the Sandia Z facility, where the temperature reached that prevailing in the convection zone boundary while the density was 2.5 times lower. Finally, we propose a method to measure opacities at solar temperatures and densities that have never been reached in the past via laboratory radiation flow experiments, by using plastic foams doped with permilles of dominant photon absorbers in the Sun. The method is advantageous for an experimental study of solar opacities that may lead to a resolution of the solar abundance problem.

An Evaluation of Family-Centered Rounds in the PICU: Room for Improvement Suggested by Families and Providers.

PubMed

Levin, Amanda B; Fisher, Kiondra R; Cato, Krista D; Zurca, Adrian D; October, Tessie W

2015-11-01

To identify areas for improvement in family-centered rounds from both the family and provider perspectives. Prospective, cross-sectional mixed-methods study, including an objective measure (direct observation of family-centered rounds) and subjective measures (surveys of English-speaking families and providers) of family-centered rounds. PICU in a single, tertiary children's hospital. Families of children admitted to the PICU, physicians, and nurses. None. Two hundred thirty-two family-centered round encounters were observed over a 10-week period. Family-centered round encounters averaged 10.5 minutes per child. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that family presence was independently associated with length of family-centered rounds (p < 0.002) despite family talk time accounting for an average of 25 seconds (4%) of the encounter. Non-English-speaking families were less likely to attend family-centered rounds compared with English-speaking families even when physically present at the patient's bedside (p < 0.001). Most commonly families and providers agreed that family-centered rounds keep the family informed and reported positive statements about family presence on family-centered rounds; however, PICU fellows did not agree that families provided pertinent information and nurses reported that family presence limited patient discussions. The primary advice families offered providers to improve family-centered rounds was to be more considerate and courteous, including accommodating family schedules, minimizing distractions, and limiting computer viewing. Family presence increased the length of family-centered rounds despite a small percentage of time spoken by families, suggesting longer rounds are due to changes in provider behavior when families are present. Also, non-English-speaking families may need more support to be able to attend and benefit from family-centered rounds. Lastly, in an era of full family-centered rounds acceptance, families and most providers, except fellows, report benefit from family presence during family-centered rounds. However, providers should be aware of the perception of their behaviors to optimize the experience for families.

Serendipity and Holism: The Beauty of OPACs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, James

1988-01-01

Identifies factors which may account for user dissatisfaction with online public access catalogs (OPACs) and discusses some advantages of OPACs over card catalogs: (1) design for subject searching; (2) flexibility; (3) browsing capability; (4) precision; (5) availability of status information; and (6) development of microcomputer software to…

Preliminary evaluation of steel-roller round baler for woody biomass baling

Treesearch

B. J. Stokes; D. L. Sirois; S. L. Woodfin

1987-01-01

A round hay baler with little modification was used to bale small-diameter, crushed trees. The trees had been crushed using a series of compression rollers. Bale cores had to be developed by hand before the baler became self-feeding. Windrowed material was packed off the ground by the baler system after a core had been developed.

NKX2.2 is a useful immunohistochemical marker for Ewing sarcoma.

PubMed

Yoshida, Akihiko; Sekine, Shigeki; Tsuta, Koji; Fukayama, Masashi; Furuta, Koh; Tsuda, Hitoshi

2012-07-01

Ewing sarcoma is a high-grade round cell sarcoma that affects bones and soft tissues in children and young adults. Its diagnosis can be challenging, and the differential diagnoses include a wide variety of small round cell tumors. CD99 and FLI-1 are the currently accepted immunohistochemical markers for Ewing sarcoma, but their accuracy has been controversial. NKX2.2 is a homeodomain-containing transcription factor that plays a critical role in neuroendocrine/glial differentiation. The NKX2.2 gene was recently identified as a target of EWS-FLI-1, the fusion protein specific to Ewing sarcoma, and was shown to be differentially upregulated in Ewing sarcoma on the basis of array-based gene expression analysis. However, the immunohistochemical diagnostic potential of this marker has not been tested. We immunostained representative sections of 30 genetically confirmed Ewing sarcomas and 130 non-Ewing small round cell tumors by using an antibody to NKX2.2. Nuclear staining in at least 5% of the cells was deemed positive. Twenty-eight (93%) of the 30 Ewing sarcomas were positive for NKX2.2. The staining was diffuse (>50%) in all the positive cases and was moderate or strong in intensity for most cases (25 of 28). NKX2.2 was also positive in 14 non-Ewing tumors, including all the olfactory neuroblastomas and a minor subset of small cell carcinomas, synovial sarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas, and malignant melanomas. All the other non-Ewing tumors tested were negative for this marker. NKX2.2 is a valuable marker for Ewing sarcoma, with a sensitivity of 93% and a specificity of 89%, and aids in the differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors.

40 CFR 60.2155 - May I conduct performance testing less often?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... pollutant (particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, or opacity) over 3 consecutive years show that you comply... limitation for particulate matter, hydrogen chloride, or opacity, you may choose to conduct performance tests... matter, hydrogen chloride, or opacity, you must conduct annual performance tests for that pollutant until...

TI-59 PROGRAMMABLE CALCULATOR PROGRAMS FOR IN-STACK OPACITY, VENTURI SCRUBBERS, AND ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATORS

EPA Science Inventory

The report explains the basic concepts of in-stack opacity as measured by in-stack opacity monitors. Also included are calculator programs that model the performance of venturi scrubbers and electrostatic precipitators. The effect of particulate control devices on in-stack opacit...

An Evaluation of Online Help for the NOTIS OPAC.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Frank

1994-01-01

Discussion of online help systems in online public access catalogs (OPACs) focuses on a study that evaluated the online help system for the NOTIS (Northwestern Online Total Integrated System) OPAC. Features of the system reviewed include online functions; training features; general interface features; access points; and message content and display…

Web OPAC Interfaces: An Overview.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Babu, B. Ramesh; O'Brien, Ann

2000-01-01

Discussion of Web-based online public access catalogs (OPACs) focuses on a review of six Web OPAC interfaces in use in academic libraries in the United Kingdom. Presents a checklist and guidelines of important features and functions that are currently available, including search strategies, access points, display, links, and layout. (Author/LRW)

40 CFR 63.1357 - Temporary, conditioned exemption from particulate matter and opacity standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... particulate matter and opacity standards. 63.1357 Section 63.1357 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... Cement Manufacturing Industry Other § 63.1357 Temporary, conditioned exemption from particulate matter... methods) is exempt from: (1) Any particulate matter and opacity standards of part 60 or part 63 of this...

Computing NLTE Opacities -- Node Level Parallel Calculation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holladay, Daniel

Presentation. The goal: to produce a robust library capable of computing reasonably accurate opacities inline with the assumption of LTE relaxed (non-LTE). Near term: demonstrate acceleration of non-LTE opacity computation. Far term (if funded): connect to application codes with in-line capability and compute opacities. Study science problems. Use efficient algorithms that expose many levels of parallelism and utilize good memory access patterns for use on advanced architectures. Portability to multiple types of hardware including multicore processors, manycore processors such as KNL, GPUs, etc. Easily coupled to radiation hydrodynamics and thermal radiative transfer codes.

Computational design of short pulse laser driven iron opacity experiments

DOE PAGES

Martin, M. E.; London, R. A.; Goluoglu, S.; ...

2017-02-23

Here, the resolution of current disagreements between solar parameters calculated from models and observations would benefit from the experimental validation of theoretical opacity models. Iron's complex ionic structure and large contribution to the opacity in the radiative zone of the sun make iron a good candidate for validation. Short pulse lasers can be used to heat buried layer targets to plasma conditions comparable to the radiative zone of the sun, and the frequency dependent opacity can be inferred from the target's measured x-ray emission. Target and laser parameters must be optimized to reach specific plasma conditions and meet x-ray emissionmore » requirements. The HYDRA radiation hydrodynamics code is used to investigate the effects of modifying laser irradiance and target dimensions on the plasma conditions, x-ray emission, and inferred opacity of iron and iron-magnesium buried layer targets. It was determined that plasma conditions are dominantly controlled by the laser energy and the tamper thickness. The accuracy of the inferred opacity is sensitive to tamper emission and optical depth effects. Experiments at conditions relevant to the radiative zone of the sun would investigate the validity of opacity theories important to resolving disagreements between solar parameters calculated from models and observations.« less

Computational design of short pulse laser driven iron opacity experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, M. E.; London, R. A.; Goluoglu, S.

Here, the resolution of current disagreements between solar parameters calculated from models and observations would benefit from the experimental validation of theoretical opacity models. Iron's complex ionic structure and large contribution to the opacity in the radiative zone of the sun make iron a good candidate for validation. Short pulse lasers can be used to heat buried layer targets to plasma conditions comparable to the radiative zone of the sun, and the frequency dependent opacity can be inferred from the target's measured x-ray emission. Target and laser parameters must be optimized to reach specific plasma conditions and meet x-ray emissionmore » requirements. The HYDRA radiation hydrodynamics code is used to investigate the effects of modifying laser irradiance and target dimensions on the plasma conditions, x-ray emission, and inferred opacity of iron and iron-magnesium buried layer targets. It was determined that plasma conditions are dominantly controlled by the laser energy and the tamper thickness. The accuracy of the inferred opacity is sensitive to tamper emission and optical depth effects. Experiments at conditions relevant to the radiative zone of the sun would investigate the validity of opacity theories important to resolving disagreements between solar parameters calculated from models and observations.« less

Radiation attenuation and opacity in smoke and water sprays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parent, Gilles; Boulet, Pascal; Morlon, Romain; Blanchard, Elizabeth

2017-08-01

Radiation attenuation through sprays, smoke and mixings of both media was studied in the infrared and in the visible range, by conducting real scale experiments in a corridor. The effect of water injection by a water mist nozzle and a sprinkler device was investigated. Radiation attenuation in the infrared range and opacity in the visible range were measured, by using a FTIR spectrometer and a dedicated opacimetry device especially designed for the present application. Experiments were done using either a blackbody source for attenuation characterization, or a heptane pool fire aimed at producing smoke for opacity measurements. For tests with smoke, the difficulties raised by the harsh environment involving a hot mixing of gas plus soot and vapor carrying water droplets were circumvented with an original device involving an optical fiber network. Mean infrared transmission was found equal to 12% for the water mist (with a 25 L/min water flowrate) and 37% for the sprinkler (with a 91 L/min water flowrate). Fitting the infrared transmission spectra with results obtained using a Monte Carlo simulation provided an estimation of the water volumetric fraction in the spray. It was shown that the better attenuation capability of the water mist is due to two factors: (1) a higher extinction coefficient of the water mist for a given water volumetric fraction due to the small size of the injected droplets and (2) a higher water volumetric fraction. Opacity measurements in the visible range yielded a measured extinction coefficient in good agreement with an estimation obtained with the Mie theory and the identified water volumetric fraction. Moreover, the water sprays (sprinkler or water mist) was seen to lead to a quick de-stratification of the smoke layer. When the spraying operation was stopped, the visibility re-increased in two main steps: a first step of fast increase and a second step of slow increase needing a few tens of seconds to get again a fully stratified smoke layer.

NASA study of cataract in astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: Cross-sectional study of the relationship of exposure to space radiation and risk of lens opacity.

PubMed

Chylack, Leo T; Peterson, Leif E; Feiveson, Alan H; Wear, Mary L; Manuel, F Keith; Tung, William H; Hardy, Dale S; Marak, Lisa J; Cucinotta, Francis A

2009-07-01

The NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA) is a 5-year longitudinal study of the effect of space radiation exposure on the severity/progression of nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) lens opacities. Here we report on baseline data that will be used over the course of the longitudinal study. Participants include 171 consenting astronauts who flew at least one mission in space and a comparison group made up of three components: (a) 53 astronauts who had not flown in space, (b) 95 military aircrew personnel, and (c) 99 non-aircrew ground-based comparison subjects. Continuous measures of nuclear, cortical and PSC lens opacities were derived from Nidek EAS 1000 digitized images. Age, demographics, general health, nutritional intake and solar ocular exposure were measured at baseline. Astronauts who flew at least one mission were matched to comparison subjects using propensity scores based on demographic characteristics and medical history stratified by gender and smoking (ever/never). The cross-sectional data for matched subjects were analyzed by fitting customized non-normal regression models to examine the effect of space radiation on each measure of opacity. The variability and median of cortical cataracts were significantly higher for exposed astronauts than for nonexposed astronauts and comparison subjects with similar ages (P=0.015). Galactic cosmic space radiation (GCR) may be linked to increased PSC area (P=0.056) and the number of PSC centers (P=0.095). Within the astronaut group, PSC size was greater in subjects with higher space radiation doses (P=0.016). No association was found between space radiation and nuclear cataracts. Cross-sectional data analysis revealed a small deleterious effect of space radiation for cortical cataracts and possibly for PSC cataracts. These results suggest increased cataract risks at smaller radiation doses than have been reported previously.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Analytical model for irradiated atmospheres (Parmentier+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parmentier, V.; Guillot, G.

2013-11-01

The model have six parameters to describe the opacities: - Kappa(N) is the Rosseland mean opacity at each levels of the atmosphere it does not have to be constant with depth - Gp is the ratio of the thermal Plank mean opacity to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity - Beta is the width ratio of the two thermal bands in the frequency space - Gv1 is the ratio of the visible opacity in the first visible band to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity - Gv2 is the ratio of the visible opacity in the second visible band to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity - Betav is the width ratio of the two visible band in the frequency space Additional parameters describe the physical setting: - Tirr is the irradiation temperature, given by the stellar flux - mu is the angle between the vertical direction and the stellar direction - Tint is the internal temperature, given by the internal luminosity - P(i) are the pressure levels where the temperature is computed - grav is the gravity of the planet - N is the number of atmospheric levels The code and all the outputs uses SI units. Installation and use : to install the code use the command "make". The input parameters must be changed inside the file PaperI.f90. It is necessary to compile the code again each time. The subroutine Tprofile.f90 can be directly implemented into one's code. To launch the code, launch the executable file NonGrey. The output is in the file PTprofile.csv (4 data files).

Graphical User Interfaces and Library Systems: End-User Reactions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zorn, Margaret; Marshall, Lucy

1995-01-01

Describes a study by Parke-Davis Pharmaceutical Research Library to determine user satisfaction with the graphical user interface-based (GUI) Dynix Marquis compared with the text-based Dynix Classic Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC). Results show that the GUI-based OPAC was preferred by endusers over the text-based OPAC. (eight references) (DGM)

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Llllll... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart LLLLLL

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Modacrylic Fibers Production Area Sources Pt. 63, Subpt. LLLLLL, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart LLLLLL of Part 63... not include opacity or visible emissions standards or require a continuous opacity monitoring system... does not require a continuous opacity monitoring system or continuous emissions monitoring system. 63.9...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Llllll... - Applicability of General Provisions to Subpart LLLLLL

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Modacrylic Fibers Production Area Sources Pt. 63, Subpt. LLLLLL, Table 1 Table 1 to Subpart LLLLLL of Part 63... not include opacity or visible emissions standards or require a continuous opacity monitoring system... does not require a continuous opacity monitoring system or continuous emissions monitoring system. 63.9...

A Comparison of Keyword Subject Searching on Six British University OPACs Online Public Access Catalogs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aanonson, John

1987-01-01

Compares features of online public access catalogs (OPACs) at six British universities: (1) Cambridge; (2) Hull; (3) Newcastle; (4) Surrey; (5) Sussex; and (6) York. Results of keyword subject searches on two topics performed on each of the OPACs are reported and compared. Six references are listed. (MES)

Catalog Use Studies--Since the Introduction of Online Interactive Catalogs: Impact on Design for Subject Access.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cochrane, Pauline A.; Markey, Karen

1983-01-01

This review of the transition from library card catalogs to online public access catalogs (OPAC) (1981-1982) discusses methods employed by online catalog use studies (self-administered questionnaires, OPAC transaction logs, focused-group interviews, feature analysis, online search and retrieval experiments) and new directions for OPAC research…

Dialogue with an OPAC: How Visionary Was Swanson in 1964?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Su, Shiao-Feng

1994-01-01

Traces the development of online public access catalogs (OPACs) and compares what has occurred with a 1964 article that outlined recommendations for a future card catalog. Subject access is emphasized, including Library of Congress Subject Headings, expansion of OPACs, user-friendly interfaces, new technologies, and current visions of the future…

The Distribution of Information: The Role for Online Public Access Catalogs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matthews, Joseph R.

1994-01-01

Describes the Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC) and the inclusion of abstracting and indexing industry databases in OPACs. Topics addressed include the implications of including abstracting and indexing tape and CD-ROM products in OPACs; the need for standards allowing library systems to communicate with dissimilar CD-ROM products; and computer,…

Relativistic opacities for astrophysical applications

DOE PAGES

Fontes, Christopher John; Fryer, Christopher Lee; Hungerford, Aimee L.; ...

2015-06-29

Here, we report on the use of the Los Alamos suite of relativistic atomic physics codes to generate radiative opacities for the modeling of astrophysically relevant plasmas under local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) conditions. The atomic structure calculations are carried out in fine-structure detail, including full configuration interaction. Three example applications are considered: iron opacities at conditions relevant to the base of the solar convection zone, nickel opacities for the modeling of stellar envelopes, and samarium opacities for the modeling of light curves produced by neutron star mergers. In the first two examples, comparisons are made between opacities that are generatedmore » with the fully and semi-relativistic capabilities in the Los Alamos suite of codes. As expected for these highly charged, iron-peak ions, the two methods produce reasonably similar results, providing confidence that the numerical methods have been correctly implemented. However, discrepancies greater than 10% are observed for nickel and investigated in detail. In the final application, the relativistic capability is used in a preliminary investigation of the complicated absorption spectrum associated with cold lanthanide elements.« less

A Protective Eye Shield for Prevention of Media Opacities during Small Animal Ocular Imaging

PubMed Central

Bell, Brent A.; Kaul, Charles; Hollyfield, Joe G.

2014-01-01

Optical coherence tomography (OCT), scanning laser ophthalmoscopy (SLO) and other non-invasive imaging techniques are increasingly used in eye research to document disease-related changes in rodent eyes. Corneal dehydration is a major contributor to the formation of ocular opacities that can limit the repeated application of these techniques to individual animals. General anesthesia is usually required for imaging, which is accompanied by the loss of the blink reflex. As a consequence, the tear film cannot be maintained, drying occurs and the cornea becomes dehydrated. Without supplemental hydration, structural damage to the cornea quickly follows. Soon thereafter, anterior lens opacities can also develop. Collectively these changes ultimately compromise image quality, especially for studies involving repeated use of the same animal over several weeks or months. To minimize these changes, a protective shield was designed for mice and rats that prevent ocular dehydration during anesthesia. The eye shield, along with a semi-viscous ophthalmic solution, is placed over the corneas as soon as the anesthesia immobilizes the animal. Eye shields are removed for only the brief periods required for imaging and then reapplied before the fellow eye is examined. As a result, the corneal surface of each eye is exposed only for the time required for imaging. The device and detailed methods described here minimize the corneal and lens changes associated with ocular surface desiccation. When these methods are used consistently, high quality images can be obtained repeatedly from individual animals. PMID:25245081

Pulmonary effects of exposure to fine fibreglass: irregular opacities and small airways obstruction.

PubMed Central

Kilburn, K H; Powers, D; Warshaw, R H

1992-01-01

OBJECTIVE--Man made mineral fibres imitate asbestos and produce tumours of the pleura in animals. To answer the question, Does prolonged exposure to fibreglass adversely affect pulmonary function or produce radiographic abnormalities in human subjects? we studied workers in a midwestern appliance plant where refrigerator doors and previously entire cabinets were insulated with fibreglass sheeting and loose rotary spun fibreglass. METHODS--Spirometry and lung volumes were measured, respiratory and occupational questionnaires were administered, and chest x-ray films were read for pneumoconiosis using International Labour Office (ILO) 1980 criteria in 284 workers with exposure of 20 years or more. RESULTS--Expiratory flows were reduced including FEV1 (mean 90.3% of predicted (pr), FEF25-75 (85.5% pr), and FEF75-85 (76.2% pr). Forced vital capacity was significantly reduced (92.8% pr) and total lung capacity was significantly increased (109.2% pr). In white male smokers, a group large enough for comparisons, parameters of pulmonary function were reduced further in the presence of irregular opacities. Forty three workers (15.1%) had evidence of pneumoconiosis on chest radiographs: 26 of these (9.1%), had no known exposure to asbestos and 17 (6.0%) had some exposure. The best judgement was that in 36 (13.0%), pulmonary opacities or pleural abnormalities were due to fibreglass. CONCLUSION--Commercial rotary spun fibreglass used for insulating appliances appears to produce human disease that is similar to asbestosis. PMID:1419860

Silicosis Appears Inevitable Among Former Denim Sandblasters: A 4-Year Follow-up Study.

PubMed

Akgun, Metin; Araz, Omer; Ucar, Elif Yilmazel; Karaman, Adem; Alper, Fatih; Gorguner, Metin; Kreiss, Kathleen

2015-09-01

The course of denim sandblasting silicosis is unknown. We aimed to reevaluate former sandblasters studied in 2007 for incident silicosis, radiographic progression, pulmonary function loss, and mortality and to examine any associations between these outcomes and previously demonstrated risk factors for silicosis. We defined silicosis on chest radiograph as category 1/0 small opacity profusion using the International Labor Organization classification. We defined radiographic progression as a profusion increase of two or more subcategories, development of a new large opacity, or an increase in large opacity category. We defined pulmonary function loss as a ≥ 12% decrease in FVC. Among the 145 former sandblasters studied in 2007, 83 were reassessed in 2011. In the 4-year follow-up period, nine (6.2%) had died at a mean age of 24 years. Of the 74 living sandblasters available for reexamination, the prevalence of silicosis increased from 55.4% to 95.9%. Radiographic progression, observed in 82%, was associated with younger age, never smoking, foreman work, and sleeping at the workplace. Pulmonary function loss, seen in 66%, was positively associated with never smoking and higher initial FVC % predicted. Death was associated with never smoking, foreman work, number of different denim-sandblasting places of work, sleeping at the workplace, and lower pulmonary function, of which only the number of different places worked remained in multivariate analyses. This 4-year follow-up suggests that almost all former denim sandblasters may develop silicosis, despite short exposures and latency.

NUTM2A-CIC fusion small round cell sarcoma: a genetically distinct variant of CIC-rearranged sarcoma.

PubMed

Sugita, Shintaro; Arai, Yasuhito; Aoyama, Tomoyuki; Asanuma, Hiroko; Mukai, Wakako; Hama, Natsuko; Emori, Makoto; Shibata, Tatsuhiro; Hasegawa, Tadashi

2017-07-01

CIC-rearranged sarcoma is a new entity of undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma characterized by chimeric fusions with CIC rearrangement. We report a NUTM2A-CIC fusion sarcoma in a 43-year-old woman who died of rapidly progressive disease. Histologic analysis revealed multinodular proliferation of small round tumor cells with mild nuclear pleomorphism. The sclerotic fibrous septa separated the tumor into multiple nodules. Immunohistochemistry showed that the tumor cells were diffusely positive for vimentin, focally positive for cytokeratin, and negative for CD99 and NKX2.2. Tumor cells were also negative for ETV4, which was recently identified as a specific marker for CIC-rearranged sarcoma. High-throughput RNA sequencing of a formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded clinical sample unveiled a novel NUTM2A-CIC fusion between NUTM2A exon 7 and CIC exon 12, and fluorescence in situ hybridization identified CIC and NUTM2A split signals. This case shared several clinicopathological findings with previously reported CIC-rearranged cases. We recognized the tumor as a genetically distinct variant of CIC-rearranged sarcomas with a novel NUTM2A-CIC fusion. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

New Generation of Los Alamos Opacity Tables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colgan, James; Kilcrease, D. P.; Magee, N. H.; Sherrill, M. E.; Abdallah, J.; Hakel, P.; Fontes, C. J.; Guzik, J. A.; Mussack, K. A.

2016-05-01

We present a new generation of Los Alamos OPLIB opacity tables that have been computed using the ATOMIC code. Our tables have been calculated for all 30 elements from hydrogen through zinc and are publicly available through our website. In this poster we discuss the details of the calculations that underpin the new opacity tables. We also show several recent applications of the use of our opacity tables to solar modeling and other astrophysical applications. In particular, we demonstrate that use of the new opacities improves the agreement between solar models and helioseismology, but does not fully resolve the long-standing `solar abundance' problem. The Los Alamos National Laboratory is operated by Los Alamos National Security, LLC for the National Nuclear Security Administration of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC5206NA25396.

The neutrino opacity of neutron rich matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alcain, P. N.; Dorso, C. O.

2017-05-01

The study of neutron rich matter, present in neutron star, proto-neutron stars and core-collapse supernovae, can lead to further understanding of the behavior of nuclear matter in highly asymmetric nuclei. Heterogeneous structures are expected to exist in these systems, often referred to as nuclear pasta. We have carried out a systematic study of neutrino opacity for different thermodynamic conditions in order to assess the impact that the structure has on it. We studied the dynamics of the neutrino opacity of the heterogeneous matter at different thermodynamic conditions with semiclassical molecular dynamics model already used to study nuclear multifragmentation. For different densities, proton fractions and temperature, we calculate the very long range opacity and the cluster distribution. The neutrino opacity is of crucial importance for the evolution of the core-collapse supernovae and the neutrino scattering.

Electrolysis for corneal opacities in a young patient with superficial variant of granular corneal dystrophy (Reis-Bücklers corneal dystrophy).

PubMed

Kamoi, Mizuka; Mashima, Yukihiko; Kawashima, Motoko; Tsubota, Kazuo

2005-06-01

To report the efficacy of electrolysis as a treatment of corneal opacities in a young patient with the superficial variant of granular corneal dystrophy. Interventional case report. An 11-year-old boy presented with subepithelial opacities in both eyes. His visual acuity was 0.2 in the left eye; he received corneal electrolysis under topical anesthesia. The electrolysis, which required only 5 minutes, resulted in the disappearance of the subepithelial opacities. His visual acuity improved to 0.4 on the next day and was 1.0 eight months later. The corneal curvature and thickness were not altered by the electrolysis. Corneal electrolysis proved to be an effective treatment for subepithelial opacities, and we recommend electrolysis as an effective and simple treatment for young patients with SGCD.

Radiological progression and its predictive risk factors in silicosis

PubMed Central

Lee, H; Phoon, W; Ng, T

2001-01-01

OBJECTIVES—To investigate the risk factors predicting radiological progression in silicosis in a prospective cohort study of patients with silicosis who were previously exposed to silica from granite dust.
METHODS—From among a total of 260 patients with silicosis contracted from granite work, 141 with available serial chest x ray films of acceptable quality taken over a period of 2 to 17 (mean 7.5) years, were selected for study. Ninety four (66.7%) had ended exposure 5 or more years perviously (mean 10.1 years, maximum 28 years). Radiological progression was assessed by paired comparison of the initial and most recent radiographs, with two or more steps of increase in profusion of small opacities according to the 12 point scale of the International Labour Organisation (ILO) classification of radiographs of pneumoconiosis, taken from the majority reading by a panel of three independent readers.
RESULTS—Overall, 37% of patients with silicosis had radiological evidence of progression. From the initial radiographs, 24 (31.6%) of those with radiological profusion category 1, 15 (37.5%) of those with radiological profusion category 2, and 13 (52%) of those with complicated silicosis (including all seven with category 3 profusion of small opacities) showed radiological progression. As expected, progression was more likely to be found after longer periods of follow up (the interval between the two chest x ray films) with a 20% increased odds of progression for every additional year of follow up. After adjustment for varying intervals of follow up, the probability of radiological progression was found to be significant if large opacities were present in the initial chest x ray film. Progression was also less likely to be found among those who had ended exposure to silica longer ago, although the result was of borderline significance (p=0.07). Tuberculosis was also associated with increased likelihood of progression (borderline significance).
CONCLUSIONS—There is a high probability of radiological progression in silicosis after high levels of exposure to granite dust among workers who were followed up for up to 17 years. A significant risk factor is the extent of radiological opacities in the initial chest x ray film. The probability of progression is also likely to be reduced with longer periods after the end of exposure.


Keywords: silicosis; radiological progression; granite quarry PMID:11404452

68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT for the evaluation of pulmonary metastases and opacities in patients with prostate cancer.

PubMed

Damjanovic, Jonathan; Janssen, Jan-Carlo; Furth, Christian; Diederichs, Gerd; Walter, Thula; Amthauer, Holger; Makowski, Marcus R

2018-05-16

The purpose of this study was to investigate the imaging properties of pulmonary metastases and benign opacities in 68 Ga-PSMA positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with prostate cancer (PC). 68 Ga-PSMA-PET/CT scans of 739 PC patients available in our database were evaluated retrospectively for lung metastases and non-solid focal pulmonary opacities. Maximum standardized uptake values (SUV max ) were assessed by two- and three-dimensional regions of interest (2D/3D ROI). Additionally CT features of the lesions, such as location, morphology and size were identified. Ninety-one pulmonary metastases and fourteen opacities were identified in 34 PC patients. In total, 66 PSMA-positive (72.5%) and 25 PSMA-negative (27.5%) metastases were identified. The mean SUV max of pulmonary opacities was 2.2±0.7 in 2D ROI and 2.4±0.8 in 3D ROI. The mean SUV max of PSMA-positive pulmonary metastases was 4.5±2.7 in 2D ROI and in 4.7±2.9 in 3D ROI; this was significantly higher than the SUV max of pulmonary opacities in both 2D and 3D ROI (p<0.001). The mean SUV max of PSMA-negative metastases was 1.0±0.5 in 2D ROI and 1.0±0.4 in 3D ROI, and significantly lower than that of the pulmonary opacities (p<0.001). A significant (p<0.05) weak linear correlation between size and 3D SUV max in lung metastases (ρ Spearman =0.207) was found. Based on the SUV max in 68 Ga-PSMA-PET alone, it was not possible to differentiate between pulmonary metastases and pulmonary opacities. The majority of lung metastases highly overexpressed PSMA, while a relevant number of metastases were PSMA-negative. Pulmonary opacities demonstrated a moderate tracer uptake, significantly lower than PSMA-positive lung metastases, yet significantly higher than PSMA-negative metastases.

Microlithiasis of Seminal Vesicles and Severe Oligoasthenospermia in Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis (PAM): Report of An Unusual Sporadic Case.

PubMed

Castellana, Giuseppe; Carone, Domenico; Castellana, Marco

2015-01-01

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is classified as an elective dysmetabolic thesaurotic pneumoalveolitis and characterized by the presence within the alveoli of the lungs of myriad of tiny calculi. The classic presentation of the chest radiography is unmistakable with multiple small "sand-like" opacities diffusely involving both lung fields. We present a case of male infertility for hypoposia and severe oligoasthenospermia in a young patient with recurrent haematuria and small calcifications in the seminal vesicles similar to pulmonary microliths. PAM was diagnosed on routine chest radiography, com- puter tomography (CT), transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL).

Pulmonary fibrosis in a carpenter with long-lasting exposure to fiberglass.

PubMed

Takahashi, T; Munakata, M; Takekawa, H; Homma, Y; Kawakami, Y

1996-11-01

A 56-year-old male carpenter had a history of glass fiber inhalation for 41 years without any protective device. His chest radiograph showed small nodular opacities in lower lung fields and multiple cystic lesions and low attenuation areas in upper lung fields. Light and polarizing microscopic examinations of his transbronchial lung biopsy specimen revealed mild interstitial fibrosis and mononuclear cell infiltration in alveolar walls without birefringent substances. However, widespread depositions of small glass fibers (< 2.5 microns in length and 0.3 micron in diameter) were detected by analytical electron microscopy, which suggested their possible contribution to the development of his pulmonary fibrosis.

Treatment of atomic and molecular line blanketing by opacity sampling. [atmospheric optics - stellar atmospheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, H. R.; Krupp, B. M.

1975-01-01

An opacity sampling (OS) technique for treating the radiative opacity of large numbers of atomic and molecular lines in cool stellar atmospheres is presented. Tests were conducted and results show that the structure of atmospheric models is accurately fixed by the use of 1000 frequency points, and 500 frequency points is often adequate. The effects of atomic and molecular lines are separately studied. A test model computed by using the OS method agrees very well with a model having identical atmospheric parameters computed by the giant line (opacity distribution function) method.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Inada, G.J.; Hall, C.W.

Results are reported from ophthalmologic observations carried out on residents of Nagasaki and Hiroshima and exposed to radiation from an atomic explosion. Very significant statistical test results indicate that lenticular opacities observed have definite relationship to ionizing radiation exposure distance from the hypocenter (exposure distance in this instance is used as a relative index of radiation dosage received). Exposure to ionizing radiation does increase the incidence of lenticular changes indicative of ionizing radiation (definite opacities, polychrome posterior capsular roughening, excessive cortical opacities unexplained and, especially, the polychrome posterior capsular plaques). No appreciable differences in opacities by sex or loss ofmore » visual acuity were observed.« less

Monochromatic, Rosseland mean, and Planck mean opacity routine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semenov, D.

2006-11-01

Several FORTRAN77 codes were developed to compute frequency-dependent, Rosseland and Planck mean opacities of gas and dust in protoplanetary disks. The opacities can be computed for an ensemble of dust grains having various compositions (ices, silicates, organics, etc), sizes, topologies (homogeneous/composite aggregates, homogeneous/layered/composite spheres, etc.), porosities, and dust-to-gas ratio. Several examples are available. In addition, a very fast opacity routine to be used in modeling of the radiative transfer in hydro simulations of disks is available upon request (10^8 routine calls require about 30s on Pentium 4 3.0GHz).

Concurrent Chemotherapy and Radiation Therapy for Inoperable Locally Advanced Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

PubMed

Rosenzweig, Kenneth E; Gomez, Jorge E

2017-01-01

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. A 72-year-old man with a 40-pack-year tobacco history developed a cough and decreased exercise tolerance. A chest x-ray demonstrated a right-upper-lobe opacity. Chest computed tomography (CT) scan revealed a 2.5-cm mass in the right upper lobe with multiple mediastinal lymph node disease ( Fig 1 ). A positron emission tomography (PET) scan confirmed the lung lesion and the mediastinal lymphadenopathy without distant metastases. Brain magnetic resonance imaging results were negative. The biopsy specimen revealed adenocarcinoma with no actionable mutations present. Cervical mediastinoscopy was positive for carcinoma in level 2, 3, 4R, and 7 lymph nodes; level 4L was negative. The patient's stage was T1bN2M0, stage IIIA. His medical history was significant for hyperlipidemia and hypothyroidism. He had smoked one pack a day for 40 years and had quit 15 years earlier. Physical examination was unrevealing, and the patient had an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0. Because of the extent of lung cancer in the mediastinum, the patient's cancer was deemed inoperable, and he was referred for consideration of concurrent chemotherapy and radiation.

Life cycle cost evaluation of the digital opacity compliance system.

PubMed

McFarland, Michael J; Palmer, Glenn R; Olivas, Arthur C

2010-01-01

The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has established EPA Reference Method 9 (Method 9) as the preferred enforcement approach for verifying compliance with federal visible opacity standards. While Method 9 has an extensive history of successful employment, reliance on human observers to quantify visible emissions is inherently subjective, a characteristic that exposes Method 9 results to claims of inaccuracy, bias and, in some cases, outright fraud. The Digital Opacity Compliance System (DOCS), which employs commercial-off-the-shelf digital photography coupled with simple computer processing, is a new approach for quantifying visible opacity. The DOCS technology has been previously demonstrated to meet and, in many cases, surpass the Method 9 accuracy and reliability standards (McFarland et al., 2006). Beyond its performance relative to Method 9, DOCS provides a permanent visual record of opacity, a vital feature in legal compliance challenges. In recent DOCS field testing, the opacity analysis of two hundred and forty one (241) regulated air emissions from the following industrial processes: 1) industrial scrubbers, 2) emergency generators, 3) asphalt paving, 4) steel production and 5) incineration indicated that Method 9 and DOCS were statistically equivalent at the 99% confidence level. However, a life cycle cost analysis demonstrated that implementation of DOCS could potentially save a facility $15,732 per trained opacity observer compared to utilization of Method 9. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dependent lung opacity at thin-section CT: evaluation by spirometrically-gated CT of the influence of lung volume.

PubMed

Lee, Ki Nam; Yoon, Seong Kuk; Sohn, Choon Hee; Choi, Pil Jo; Webb, W Richard

2002-01-01

To evaluate the influence of lung volume on dependent lung opacity seen at thin-section CT. In thirteen healthy volunteers, thin-section CT scans were performed at three levels (upper, mid, and lower portion of the lung) and at different lung volumes (10, 30, 50, and 100% vital capacity), using spirometric gated CT. Using a three-point scale, two radiologists determined whether dependent opacity was present, and estimated its degree. Regional lung attenuation at a level 2 cm above the diaphragm was determined using semiautomatic segmentation, and the diameter of a branch of the right lower posterior basal segmental artery was measured at each different vital capacity. At all three anatomic levels, dependent opacity occurred significantly more often at lower vital capacities (10, 30%) than at 100% vital capacity (p = 0.001). Visually estimated dependent opacity was significantly related to regional lung attenuation (p < 0.0001), which in dependent areas progressively increased as vital capacity decreased (p < 0.0001). The presence of dependent opacity and regional lung attenuation of a dependent area correlated significantly with increased diameter of a segmental arterial branch (r = 0.493 and p = 0.0002; r = 0.486 and p = 0.0003, respectively). Visual estimation and CT measurements of dependent opacity obtained by semiautomatic segmentation are significantly influenced by lung volume and are related to vascular diameter.

77 FR 8160 - Quality Assurance Requirements for Continuous Opacity Monitoring Systems at Stationary Sources

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

..., glass windows (uncoated or anti-reflection coated, but with no curvature), lenses with mounts where such... requirements must I meet if I use a substitute opacity monitor? In the event that your certified opacity... the above in the maintenance log or in other appropriate permanently maintained records. 10.7 When do...

The Searching Behavior of Remote Users: A Study of One Online Public Access Catalog (OPAC).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kalin, Sally W.

1991-01-01

Describes a study that was conducted to determine whether the searching behavior of remote users of LIAS (Library Information Access System), Pennsylvania State University's online public access catalog (OPAC), differed from those using the OPAC within the library. Differences in search strategies and in user satisfaction are discussed. (eight…

Open-Source Tools for Enhancing Full-Text Searching of OPACs: Use of Koha, Greenstone and Fedora

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anuradha, K. T.; Sivakaminathan, R.; Kumar, P. Arun

2011-01-01

Purpose: There are many library automation packages available as open-source software, comprising two modules: staff-client module and online public access catalogue (OPAC). Although the OPAC of these library automation packages provides advanced features of searching and retrieval of bibliographic records, none of them facilitate full-text…

Web-Based OPACs in Indian Academic Libraries: A Functional Comparison

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kapoor, Kanta; Goyal, O. P.

2007-01-01

Purpose: The paper seeks to provide a comparative analysis of the functionality of five web-based OPACs available in Indian academic libraries. Design/methodology/approach: Same-topic searches were carried out by three researchers on the web-based OPACs of Libsys, VTLS's iPortal, NewGenLib, Troodon, and Alice for Windows, implemented in five…

Fac-Back-OPAC: An Open Source Interface to Your Library System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beccaria, Mike; Scott, Dan

2007-01-01

The new Fac-Back-OPAC (a faceted backup OPAC) is built on code that was originally developed by Casey Durfee in February 2007. It represents the convergence of two prominent trends in library tools: the decoupling of discovery tools from the traditional integrated library system (ILS) and the use of readily available open source components to…

On the methane opacity for Uranus and Neptune.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trafton, L.

1972-01-01

The contribution of methane to the thermal opacity in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune is shown to be negligible. The relevance of this finding lies in the importance of knowing all the sources of thermal opacity to include in models of these atmospheres, for only then may it be possible to deduce their atmospheric structure and composition correctly.

Bibliographic Displays in OPACs and Web Catalogs: How Well Do They Comply with Display Guidelines?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cherry, Joan M.

1998-01-01

Evaluation of data from assessments of full bibliographic displays in academic library OPACs (online public access catalogs) and World Wide Web catalogs against a checklist of desirable features found that OPAC displays scored 58% and Web displays scored 60%. Discusses weaknesses, focusing on those found in the majority of the displays…

A new in vitro method to evaluate radio-opacity of endodontic sealers.

PubMed

Malka, V B; Hochscheidt, G L; Larentis, N L; Grecca, F S; Fontanella, V R C; Kopper, P M P

2015-01-01

To evaluate a new method for assessing the radio-opacity of endodontic sealers and to compare radio-opacity values with a well-established standard method. The sealers evaluated in this study were AH Plus(®) (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), Endo CPM Sealer (EGEO SRL, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and MTA Fillapex(®) (Angelus Dental Products Industry S/A, Londrina, Parana, Brazil). Two methods were used to evaluate radio-opacity: (D) standard discs and (S) a tissue simulator. For (D), ten standard discs were prepared for each sealer and were radiographed using Digora(®) phosphor storage plates (Soredex; Orion Corporation, Helsinki, Finland), alongside an aluminium stepwedge. For (S), polyethylene tubes filled with sealer (n = 10 for each) were radiographed inside the simulator as described. The digital images were analysed using Adobe Photoshop(®) software v. 10.0 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). To compare the radio-opacity among the sealers, the data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, and to compare methods, they were analysed by the Mann-Whitney U test. To compare the data obtained from dentin and sealers in method (S), Student's paired t-test was used (=0.05). In both methods, the sealers showed significant differences, according to the following decreasing order: AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and Endo CPM. In (D), MTA Fillapex and Endo CPM showed less radio-opacity than aluminium. For all of the materials, the radio-opacity was higher in (S) than in (D). Compared with dentin, all of the materials were more radio-opaque. The comparison of the two assessment methods for sealer radio-opacity testing validated the use of a tissue simulator block.

A new in vitro method to evaluate radio-opacity of endodontic sealers

PubMed Central

Malka, V B; Hochscheidt, G L; Larentis, N L; Grecca, F S; Kopper, P M P

2015-01-01

Objectives: To evaluate a new method for assessing the radio-opacity of endodontic sealers and to compare radio-opacity values with a well-established standard method. Methods: The sealers evaluated in this study were AH Plus® (Dentsply DeTrey GmbH, Konstanz, Germany), Endo CPM Sealer (EGEO SRL, Buenos Aires, Argentina) and MTA Fillapex® (Angelus Dental Products Industry S/A, Londrina, Parana, Brazil). Two methods were used to evaluate radio-opacity: (D) standard discs and (S) a tissue simulator. For (D), ten standard discs were prepared for each sealer and were radiographed using Digora® phosphor storage plates (Soredex; Orion Corporation, Helsinki, Finland), alongside an aluminium stepwedge. For (S), polyethylene tubes filled with sealer (n = 10 for each) were radiographed inside the simulator as described. The digital images were analysed using Adobe Photoshop® software v. 10.0 (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA). To compare the radio-opacity among the sealers, the data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey's test, and to compare methods, they were analysed by the Mann–Whitney U test. To compare the data obtained from dentin and sealers in method (S), Student's paired t-test was used (=0.05). Results: In both methods, the sealers showed significant differences, according to the following decreasing order: AH Plus, MTA Fillapex and Endo CPM. In (D), MTA Fillapex and Endo CPM showed less radio-opacity than aluminium. For all of the materials, the radio-opacity was higher in (S) than in (D). Compared with dentin, all of the materials were more radio-opaque. Conclusions: The comparison of the two assessment methods for sealer radio-opacity testing validated the use of a tissue simulator block. PMID:25651275

Model-independent Constraints on Cosmic Curvature and Opacity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Guo-Jian; Li, Zheng-Xiang; Xia, Jun-Qing

2017-09-20

In this paper, we propose to estimate the spatial curvature of the universe and the cosmic opacity in a model-independent way with expansion rate measurements, H ( z ), and type Ia supernova (SNe Ia). On the one hand, using a nonparametric smoothing method Gaussian process, we reconstruct a function H ( z ) from opacity-free expansion rate measurements. Then, we integrate the H ( z ) to obtain distance modulus μ {sub H}, which is dependent on the cosmic curvature. On the other hand, distances of SNe Ia can be determined by their photometric observations and thus are opacity-dependent.more » In our analysis, by confronting distance moduli μ {sub H} with those obtained from SNe Ia, we achieve estimations for both the spatial curvature and the cosmic opacity without any assumptions for the cosmological model. Here, it should be noted that light curve fitting parameters, accounting for the distance estimation of SNe Ia, are determined in a global fit together with the cosmic opacity and spatial curvature to get rid of the dependence of these parameters on cosmology. In addition, we also investigate whether the inclusion of different priors for the present expansion rate ( H {sub 0}: global estimation, 67.74 ± 0.46 km s{sup −1} Mpc{sup −1}, and local measurement, 73.24 ± 1.74 km s{sup −1} Mpc{sup −1}) exert influence on the reconstructed H ( z ) and the following estimations of the spatial curvature and cosmic opacity. Results show that, in general, a spatially flat and transparent universe is preferred by the observations. Moreover, it is suggested that priors for H {sub 0} matter a lot. Finally, we find that there is a strong degeneracy between the curvature and the opacity.« less

Radiation Transport for Explosive Outflows: Opacity Regrouping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wollaeger, Ryan T.; van Rossum, Daniel R.

2014-10-01

Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) and Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) are methods used to stochastically solve the radiative transport and diffusion equations, respectively. These methods combine into a hybrid transport-diffusion method we refer to as IMC-DDMC. We explore a multigroup IMC-DDMC scheme that in DDMC, combines frequency groups with sufficient optical thickness. We term this procedure "opacity regrouping." Opacity regrouping has previously been applied to IMC-DDMC calculations for problems in which the dependence of the opacity on frequency is monotonic. We generalize opacity regrouping to non-contiguous groups and implement this in SuperNu, a code designed to do radiation transport in high-velocity outflows with non-monotonic opacities. We find that regrouping of non-contiguous opacity groups generally improves the speed of IMC-DDMC radiation transport. We present an asymptotic analysis that informs the nature of the Doppler shift in DDMC groups and summarize the derivation of the Gentile-Fleck factor for modified IMC-DDMC. We test SuperNu using numerical experiments including a quasi-manufactured analytic solution, a simple 10 group problem, and the W7 problem for Type Ia supernovae. We find that opacity regrouping is necessary to make our IMC-DDMC implementation feasible for the W7 problem and possibly Type Ia supernova simulations in general. We compare the bolometric light curves and spectra produced by the SuperNu and PHOENIX radiation transport codes for the W7 problem. The overall shape of the bolometric light curves are in good agreement, as are the spectra and their evolution with time. However, for the numerical specifications we considered, we find that the peak luminosity of the light curve calculated using SuperNu is ~10% less than that calculated using PHOENIX.

Round-off errors in cutting plane algorithms based on the revised simplex procedure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, J. E.

1973-01-01

This report statistically analyzes computational round-off errors associated with the cutting plane approach to solving linear integer programming problems. Cutting plane methods require that the inverse of a sequence of matrices be computed. The problem basically reduces to one of minimizing round-off errors in the sequence of inverses. Two procedures for minimizing this problem are presented, and their influence on error accumulation is statistically analyzed. One procedure employs a very small tolerance factor to round computed values to zero. The other procedure is a numerical analysis technique for reinverting or improving the approximate inverse of a matrix. The results indicated that round-off accumulation can be effectively minimized by employing a tolerance factor which reflects the number of significant digits carried for each calculation and by applying the reinversion procedure once to each computed inverse. If 18 significant digits plus an exponent are carried for each variable during computations, then a tolerance value of 0.1 x 10 to the minus 12th power is reasonable.

Comparative pulsation calculations with OP and OPAL opacities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kanbur, Shashi M.; Simon, Norman R.

1994-01-01

Comparative linear nonadiabatic pulsation calculations are presented using the OPAL and Opacity Project opacities. The two sets of opacities include effects due to intermediate coupling and fine structure as well as new abundances. We used two mass luminosity (M-L) relations, one standard (BIT), and one employing substantial convective core overshoot (COV). The two sets of opacities cannot be differentiated on the basis of the stellar pulsation calculations presented here. The BIT relation can model the beat and bump Cepheids with masses between 4 and 7 solar mass, while if the overshoot relation is used, masses between 2 and 6 solar mass are required. In the RR Lyrae regime, we find the inferred masses of globular cluster RRd stars to be little influenced by the choice of OPAL or OP. Finally, the limited modeling we have done is not able to constrain the Cepheid M-L relation based upon period ratios observed in the beat and bump stars.

Lanthanide/Actinide Opacities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hungerford, Aimee; Fontes, Christopher J.

2018-06-01

Gravitational wave observations benefit from accompanying electromagnetic signals in order to accurately determine the sky positions of the sources. The ejecta of neutron star mergers are expected to produce such electromagnetic transients, called macronovae (e.g. the recent and unprecedented observation of GW170817). Characteristics of the ejecta include large velocity gradients and the presence of heavy r-process elements, which pose significant challenges to the accurate calculation of radiative opacities and radiation transport. Opacities include a dense forest of bound-bound features arising from near-neutral lanthanide and actinide elements. Here we present an overview of current theoretical opacity determinations that are used by neutron star merger light curve modelers. We will touch on atomic physics and plasma modeling codes that are used to generate these opacities, as well as the limited body of laboratory experiments that may serve as points of validation for these complex atomic physics calculations.

Effects of Nongray Opacity on Radiatively Driven Wolf-Rayet Winds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Onifer, A. J.; Gayley, K. G.

2002-05-01

Wolf-Rayet winds are characterized by their large momentum fluxes, and simulations of radiation driving have been increasingly successful in modeling these winds. Simple analytic approaches that help understand the most critical processes for copious momentum deposition already exist in the effectively gray approximation, but these have not been extended to more realistic nongray opacities. With this in mind, we have developed a simplified theory for describing the interaction of the stellar flux with nongray wind opacity. We replace the detailed line list with a set of statistical parameters that are sensitive not only to the strength but also the wavelength distribution of lines, incorporating as a free parameter the rate of photon frequency redistribution. We label the resulting flux-weighted opacity the statistical Sobolev- Rosseland (SSR) mean, and explore how changing these various statistical parameters affects the flux/opacity interaction. We wish to acknowledge NSF grant AST-0098155

Pneumoconiosis: Comparison of imaging and pathologic findings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chong, S.; Lee, K.S.; Chung, M.J.

2006-01-15

Pneumoconiosis may be classified as either fibrotic or nonfibrotic, according to the presence or absence of fibrosis. Silicosis, coal worker pneumoconiosis, asbestosis, berylliosis, and talcosis are examples of fibrotic pneumoconiosis. Siderosis, stannosis, and baritosis are nonfibrotic forms of pneumoconiosis that result from inhalation of iron oxide, tin oxide, and barium sulfate particles, respectively. In an individual who has a history of exposure to silica or coal dust, a finding of nodular or reticulonodular lesions at chest radiography or small nodules with a perilymphatic distribution at thin-section computed tomography (CT), with or without eggshell calcifications, is suggestive of silicosis or coalmore » worker pneumoconiosis. Magnetic resonance imaging is helpful for distinguishing between progressive massive fibrosis and lung cancer. CT and histopathologic findings in asbestosis are similar to those in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but the presence of asbestos bodies in histopathologic specimens is specific for the diagnosis of asbestosis. Giant cell interstitial pneumonia due to exposure to hard metals is classified as a fibrotic form of pneumoconiosis and appears on CT images as mixed ground-glass opacities and reticulation. Berylliosis simulates pulmonary sarcoidosis on CT images. CT findings in talcosis include small centrilobular and subpleural nodules or heterogeneous conglomerate masses that contain foci of high attenuation indicating talc deposition. Siderosis is nonfibrotic and is indicated by a CT finding of poorly defined centrilobular nodules or ground-glass opacities.« less

Student User Preferences for Features of Next-Generation OPACs: A Case Study of University of Sheffield International Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tam, Winnie; Cox, Andrew M.; Bussey, Andy

2009-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to identify the features that international student users prefer for next generation OPACs. Design/methodology/approach: A total of 16 international students of the University of Sheffield were interviewed in July 2008 to explore their preferences among potential features in next generation OPACs. A…

Sharp and round shapes of seen objects have distinct influences on vowel and consonant articulation.

PubMed

Vainio, L; Tiainen, M; Tiippana, K; Rantala, A; Vainio, M

2017-07-01

The shape and size-related sound symbolism phenomena assume that, for example, the vowel [i] and the consonant [t] are associated with sharp-shaped and small-sized objects, whereas [ɑ] and [m] are associated with round and large objects. It has been proposed that these phenomena are mostly based on the involvement of articulatory processes in representing shape and size properties of objects. For example, [i] might be associated with sharp and small objects, because it is produced by a specific front-close shape of articulators. Nevertheless, very little work has examined whether these object properties indeed have impact on speech sound vocalization. In the present study, the participants were presented with a sharp- or round-shaped object in a small or large size. They were required to pronounce one out of two meaningless speech units (e.g., [i] or [ɑ]) according to the size or shape of the object. We investigated how a task-irrelevant object property (e.g., the shape when responses are made according to size) influences reaction times, accuracy, intensity, fundamental frequency, and formant 1 and formant 2 of vocalizations. The size did not influence vocal responses but shape did. Specifically, the vowel [i] and consonant [t] were vocalized relatively rapidly when the object was sharp-shaped, whereas [u] and [m] were vocalized relatively rapidly when the object was round-shaped. The study supports the view that the shape-related sound symbolism phenomena might reflect mapping of the perceived shape with the corresponding articulatory gestures.

Interannual Variability of Dust and Ice in the Mars Atmosphere: Comparison of MRO Mars Climate Sounder Retrievals with MGS-TES Limb Sounding Retrievals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shirley, J. H.; McConnochie, T. H.; Kleinbohl, A.; Schofield, J. T.; Kass, D.; Heavens, N. G.; Benson, J.; McCleese, D. J.

2011-01-01

Dust and ice play important roles in Martian atmospheric dynamics on all time scales. Dust loading in particular exerts an important control on atmospheric temperatures and thereby on the strength of the atmospheric circulation in any given year. We present the first comparisons of MGS-TES aerosol opacity profiles with MRO-MCS aerosol opacity profiles. While the differences in vertical resolution are significant (a factor of 2), we find good agreement at particular seasons between nightside zonal average dust opacity profiles from the two instruments. Derived water ice opacities are likewise similar but show greater variability.

OPserver: opacities and radiative accelerations on demand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendoza, C.; González, J.; Seaton, M. J.; Buerger, P.; Bellorín, A.; Meléndez, M.; Rodríguez, L. S.; Delahaye, F.; Zeippen, C. J.; Palacios, E.; Pradhan, A. K.

2009-05-01

We report on developments carried out within the Opacity Project (OP) to upgrade atomic database services to comply with e-infrastructure requirements. We give a detailed description of an interactive, online server for astrophysical opacities, referred to as OPserver, to be used in sophisticated stellar modelling where Rosseland mean opacities and radiative accelerations are computed at every depth point and each evolution cycle. This is crucial, for instance, in chemically peculiar stars and in the exploitation of the new asteroseismological data. OPserver, downloadable with the new OPCD_3.0 release from the Centre de Données Astronomiques de Strasbourg, France, computes mean opacities and radiative data for arbitrary chemical mixtures from the OP monochromatic opacities. It is essentially a client-server network restructuring and optimization of the suite of codes included in the earlier OPCD_2.0 release. The server can be installed locally or, alternatively, accessed remotely from the Ohio Supercomputer Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA. The client is an interactive web page or a subroutine library that can be linked to the user code. The suitability of this scheme in grid computing environments is emphasized, and its extension to other atomic database services for astrophysical purposes is discussed.

Effects of injection pressure and injection timing to exhaust gas opacity for a conventional indirect diesel engine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Budiman, Agus; Majid, Akmal Irfan; Pambayun, Nirmala Adhi Yoga; Yuswono, Lilik Chaerul; Sukoco

2016-06-01

In relation to pollution control and environmental friendliness, the quality of exhaust gas from diesel engine needs to be considered. The influences of injection pressure and timing to exhaust gas opacity were investigated. A series of experiments were conducted in a one-cylinder conventional diesel engine with a naturally aspirated system and indirect injection. The default specification of injection pressure was 120 kg/cm2. To investigate the injection pressure, the engine speed was retained on 1000 rpm with pressure variations from 80 to 215 kg/cm2. On the other hand, the various injection timing (8, 10, 12, 16 degrees before TDC point and exact 18 degrees before TDC point) were used to determine their effects to exhaust gas opacity. In this case, the engine speed was varied from 1000 to 2400 rpm. The injector tester was used to measure injection pressure whereas the exhaust gas opacity was determined by the smoke meter. Those data were also statistically analyzed by product moment correlation. As the results, the injection pressure of diesel engine had a non-significant positive correlation to the exhaust gas opacity with r = 0.113 and p > 5 %. Injection pressure should be adjusted to the specification listed on the diesel engine as if it was too high or too low will lead to the higher opacity. Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between injection timing and the exhaust gas opacity in all engine speeds.

Small round structured virus associated with an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in Chiba, Japan.

PubMed

Kasuga, K; Tokieda, M; Ohtawara, M; Utagawa, E; Yamazaki, S

1990-08-01

In an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis which originated in a restaurant in Chiba, Japan, in December, 1987, small round structured virus (SRSV) particles were observed by electron microscopy in 14 of 16 stool specimens from patients. The particles were 30 to 35 nm in diameter, possessed amorphous surface structure surrounded by fine projections and had a buoyant density of 1.36 to 1.37 g/ml in cesium chloride. Serological responses to the SRSV were found by immune electron microscopy and Western blot (WB) assay in paired sera of 12 of 19 patients. Furthermore, WB analysis revealed that the antibody against SRSV was cross-reactive to other SRSV, Tokyo 86/510.

A systems analysis of ward rounds in plastic surgery at a single center

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Introduction: Ward rounds permeate health care delivery worldwide and form an important daily activity within all hospitals. In this study, the daily morning ward round in plastic surgery was examined from a teleological and systems point of view. Methods: Data were gathered from the following sources to inform the systems analysis: patient interviews, staff interviews, direct observations of the ward round on multiple occasions, and through process mapping. Results: To better understand the ward and its layout, a schematic of it was developed. Following observations of the ward round and the way in which decisions are made on it, an IDEF0 map was developed. Three patients were invited to take part in the study. Three members of staff were interviewed. The overarching themes from the interviews related to aspects of communication which this paper details. Conclusions: This small-scale study demonstrates how the ward round as a process can be assessed, including product quality, process quality, the measurement and management of capacity, the role of standardization, the role and significance of bottlenecks, the key information flows, including the role of feedback, and the motivation and incentives of system participants and ideas for improvement generated. PMID:29177228

Higher-order aberrations of lenticular opacities.

PubMed

Sachdev, Nisha; Ormonde, Susan E; Sherwin, Trevor; McGhee, Charles N J

2004-08-01

To measure and quantify higher-order aberrations induced by different types of lenticular opacities. Department of Ophthalmology, University of Auckland, and Department of Ophthalmology, Auckland Public Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand. Patients with lenticular opacities were recruited from outpatient clinics of a major tertiary referral center for ophthalmology. Patients were included if they had clinically evident, mild to moderate lenticular opacity with no coexisting ocular pathology. Patients were examined using standard preoperative techniques with additional assessment by wavefront aberrometry (Zywave, Bausch & Lomb) and Scheimpflug photography (EAS-1000, Nidek). For comparison, 20 eyes of 10 subjects with no lenticular opacity (control group) were recruited and assessed in an identical manner. Thirty persons were recruited and 40 eyes assessed, 20 with lenticular opacities. Ten eyes had predominantly cortical opacification, and 10 had mainly nuclear opacification. In eyes with predominantly cortical opacification, the mean logMAR uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) was 0.5 +/- 0.2 (SD) (6/18 Snellen equivalent) and the mean logMAR best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA), 0.2 +/- 0.2 (6/9). Analysis of aberrometry data for a 6.0 mm pupil in this group revealed an increase in coma of cosine phase (Z(3), P =.06) and tetrafoil of cosine phase (Z(4), P =.07) compared to eyes in the control group. Eyes with predominantly nuclear opacification had a mean logMAR UCVA of 0.7 +/- 0.2 (6/30) and a logMAR BSCVA of 0.4 +/- 0.2 (6/15). Aberrometry data for this cohort for a 6.0 mm pupil showed a statistically greater amount of spherical aberration (Z(4)(0), P =.001) and tetrafoil of cosine phase (Z(4), P =.005; Z(4)(-4), P =.004). This pilot study suggests that different types of early lenticular opacities induce different wavefront aberration profiles. Predominantly cortical opacification produced an increase in coma and nuclear opacification induced an increase in spherical aberration compared to eyes without opacities. Both types of lenticular opacities also induced a higher amount of tetrafoil. This could explain the significant visual symptoms in patients with early cataract and relatively good high-contrast Snellen acuity.

DUX4 Immunohistochemistry Is a Highly Sensitive and Specific Marker for CIC-DUX4 Fusion-positive Round Cell Tumor.

PubMed

Siegele, Bradford; Roberts, Jon; Black, Jennifer O; Rudzinski, Erin; Vargas, Sara O; Galambos, Csaba

2017-03-01

The histologic differential diagnosis of pediatric and adult round cell tumors is vast and includes the recently recognized entity CIC-DUX4 fusion-positive round cell tumor. The diagnosis of CIC-DUX4 tumor can be suggested by light microscopic and immunohistochemical features, but currently, definitive diagnosis requires ancillary genetic testing such as conventional karyotyping, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or molecular methods. We sought to determine whether DUX4 expression would serve as a fusion-specific immunohistochemical marker distinguishing CIC-DUX4 tumor from potential histologic mimics. A cohort of CIC-DUX4 fusion-positive round cell tumors harboring t(4;19)(q35;q13) and t(10;19)(q26;q13) translocations was designed, with additional inclusion of a case with a translocation confirmed to involve the CIC gene without delineation of the partner. Round cell tumors with potentially overlapping histologic features were also collected. Staining with a monoclonal antibody raised against the C-terminus of the DUX4 protein was applied to all cases. DUX4 immunohistochemistry exhibited diffuse, crisp, strong nuclear staining in all CIC-DUX4 fusion-positive round cell tumors (5/5, 100% sensitivity), and exhibited negative staining in nuclei of all of the other tested round cell tumors, including 20 Ewing sarcomas, 1 Ewing-like sarcoma, 11 alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, 9 embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas, 12 synovial sarcomas, 7 desmoplastic small round cell tumors, 3 malignant rhabdoid tumors, 9 neuroblastomas, and 4 clear cell sarcomas (0/76, 100% specificity). Thus, in our experience, DUX4 immunostaining distinguishes CIC-DUX4 tumors from other round cell mimics. We recommend its use when CIC-DUX4 fusion-positive round cell tumor enters the histologic differential diagnosis.

Prevalence of newly isolated, cytopathic small round virus (Aichi strain) in Japan.

PubMed Central

Yamashita, T; Sakae, K; Ishihara, Y; Isomura, S; Utagawa, E

1993-01-01

Cytopathic small round virus (Aichi strain), isolated from a patient with oyster-associated gastroenteritis, showed no reaction in the polymerase chain reaction method for enteroviruses or in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the five serotypes of astroviruses. Our ELISA was sensitive in detecting the Aichi strain antigen in stool samples, but there was no reaction in this ELISA with any non-Aichi strains of enteric viruses, with such origins as enterovirus, rotavirus, Norwalk virus, calicivirus, or astrovirus. In the ELISA, 13 of 47 stool samples from adult patients in five of nine oyster-associated gastroenteritis outbreaks were positive, but only 1 of 397 pediatric stool samples in Aichi Prefecture was positive. The prevalence rate for Aichi strain antibody was found to be 7.2% for persons aged 7 months to 4 years. The prevalence rate for antibody to Aichi strain increased with age, to about 80% in persons 35 years old. On the basis of the results of the present study, it was hypothesized that Aichi strain could be a new type of small round virus that mainly produces diarrhea in patients in the 15- to 34-year-old age group, 50 to 76% of whom possess neutralizing antibody. Images PMID:8263178

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the middle ear: A case report.

PubMed

Xu, Jing; Yao, Mengwei; Yang, Xinxin; Liu, Tao; Wang, Shaohua; Ma, Dengdian; Li, Xiaoyu

2018-04-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare, aggressive and malignant tumor. This report describes a case involving DSRCT of the middle ear which no case has been reported in the literature till date. A 59-year-old Chinese man with a 40-year history of repeated suppuration of his right ear and 1-year history of drooping of the angle of mouth. The CT of the middle ear and brain scan and enhanced MRI showed space occupying lesion in the right middle ear. Desmoplastic small round cell tumor of the middle ear. After relevant examinations, radical mastoidectomy and subtotal temporal bone resection were performed on the right ear under general anesthesia. The patient underwent postoperative adjuvant chemoradiation therapy. The patient was counterchecked regularly,there was norecurrence of DSRCT of the middle ear. Four years after surgery, the CT and MRI of the middle ear mastoid showed right middle ear soft tissue shadow,but postoperative pathological results showed proliferative fibrous and vascular tissues with chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and necrosis. DSRCT is a relatively aggressive, malignant mesenchymal tumor, with a very poor prognosis.The diagnosis of DSRCT relies on immunohistological data. Early diagnosis, radical surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy are considered a reasonable way to prolong survival.

Opacplot2: Enabling tabulated EoS and opacity compatibility for HEDLP simulations with the FLASH code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laune, Jordan; Tzeferacos, Petros; Feister, Scott; Fatenejad, Milad; Yurchak, Roman; Flocke, Norbert; Weide, Klaus; Lamb, Donald

2017-10-01

Thermodynamic and opacity properties of materials are necessary to accurately simulate laser-driven laboratory experiments. Such data are compiled in tabular format since the thermodynamic range that needs to be covered cannot be described with one single theoretical model. Moreover, tabulated data can be made available prior to runtime, reducing both compute cost and code complexity. This approach is employed by the FLASH code. Equation of state (EoS) and opacity data comes in various formats, matrix-layouts, and file-structures. We discuss recent developments on opacplot2, an open-source Python module that manipulates tabulated EoS and opacity data. We present software that builds upon opacplot2 and enables easy-to-use conversion of different table formats into the IONMIX format, the native tabular input used by FLASH. Our work enables FLASH users to take advantage of a wider range of accurate EoS and opacity tables in simulating HELP experiments at the National Laser User Facilities.

The effect of the Mihalas, Hummer, and Daeppen equation of state and the molecular opacity on the standard solar model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Y.-C.; Demarque, P.; Guenther, D. B.

1991-01-01

Improvements to the Yale Rotating Stellar Evolution Code (YREC) by incorporating the Mihalas-Hummer-Daeppen equation of state, an improved opacity interpolation routine, and the effects of molecular opacities, calculated at Los Alamos, have been made. the effect of each of the improvements on the standard solar model has been tested independently by computing the corresponding solar nonradial oscillation frequencies. According to these tests, the Mihalas-Hummer-Daeppen equation of state has very little effect on the model's low l p-mode oscillation spectrum compared to the model using the existing analytical equation of state implemented in YREC. On the other hand, the molecular opacity does improve the model's oscillation spectrum. The effect of molecular opacity on the computed solar oscillation frequencies is much larger than that of the Mihalas-Hummer-Daeppen equation of state. together, the two improvements to the physics reduce the discrepancy with observations by 10 microHz for the low l modes.

In vitro evaluation of UV opacity potential of Aloe vera L. gel from different germplasms.

PubMed

Kumar, M Shyam; Datta, P K; Dutta Gupta, S

2009-04-01

In this study, lyophilized crude and methanolic extracts of aloe gel from different germplasms (S24, RM, TN, OR, and RJN) of Aloe vera L. were tested for their ultraviolet (UV) opacity potential. UV absorption profiles, sun protection factor (SPF), and percentage blocking of UVA and UVB were considered to test UV opacity potential. Both the extracts showed UV absorption and followed the same path in the wavelength range of 250-400 nm in all the germplasms. Methanolic extract showed a stronger absorptivity than the crude lyophilized extract. Among the tested germplasms, maximum UV opacity property with a SPF of 9.97% and 79.12% UVB blocking was obtained with RJN, whereas a poor response was evident in TN with a SPF of 1.37% and 28.5% UVB blocking at 4 mg/ml methanolic extract. To our knowledge the present work for the first time documents UV opacity properties of A. vera L. gel and opens up new vistas in Aloe gel characterization.

Bevacizumab-induced chronic interstitial pneumonia during maintenance therapy in non-small cell lung cancer.

PubMed

Sekimoto, Yasuhito; Kato, Motoyasu; Shukuya, Takehiko; Koyama, Ryo; Nagaoka, Tetsutaro; Takahashi, Kazuhisa

2016-04-01

Bevacizumab is a monoclonal antibody targeting the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and a key drug for advanced non-small cell lung cancer. There are few reports describing bevacizumab-induced chronic interstitial pneumonia. A 62-year-old man with advanced non-small cell lung cancer was admitted to our hospital with dyspnea. He previously received four courses of carboplatin plus paclitaxel with bevacizumab combination therapy and thereafter received four courses of maintenance bevacizumab monotherapy. A chest-computed tomography scan on admission revealed diffuse ground glass opacity. He had not received any other drugs and did not have pneumonia. Thus, he was diagnosed with bevacizumab-induced chronic interstitial pneumonia and was treated with a high dose of corticosteroids. After steroid treatment, his dyspnea and radiological findings improved. This case report is the first description of bevacizumab-induced chronic interstitial pneumonia during maintenance therapy in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer.

Properties of Kilonovae from Dynamical and Post-merger Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Masaomi; Kato, Daiji; Gaigalas, Gediminas; Rynkun, Pavel; Radžiūtė, Laima; Wanajo, Shinya; Sekiguchi, Yuichiro; Nakamura, Nobuyuki; Tanuma, Hajime; Murakami, Izumi; Sakaue, Hiroyuki A.

2018-01-01

Ejected material from neutron star mergers gives rise to electromagnetic emission powered by radioactive decays of r-process nuclei, the so-called kilonova or macronova. While properties of the emission are largely affected by opacities in the ejected material, available atomic data for r-process elements are still limited. We perform atomic structure calculations for r-process elements: Se (Z = 34), Ru (Z = 44), Te (Z = 52), Ba (Z = 56), Nd (Z = 60), and Er (Z = 68). We confirm that the opacities from bound–bound transitions of open f-shell, lanthanide elements (Nd and Er) are higher than those of the other elements over a wide wavelength range. The opacities of open s-shell (Ba), p-shell (Se and Te), and d-shell (Ru) elements are lower than those of open f-shell elements, and their transitions are concentrated in the ultraviolet and optical wavelengths. We show that the optical brightness can be different by > 2 mag depending on the element abundances in the ejecta such that post-merger, lanthanide-free ejecta produce brighter and bluer optical emission. Such blue emission from post-merger ejecta can be observed from the polar directions if the mass of the preceding dynamical ejecta in these regions is small. For the ejecta mass of 0.01 {M}ȯ , observed magnitudes of the blue emission will reach 21.0 mag (100 Mpc) and 22.5 mag (200 Mpc) in the g and r bands within a few days after the merger, which are detectable with 1 m or 2 m class telescopes.

Thermal modeling of cometary nuclei

USGS Publications Warehouse

Weissman, P.R.; Kieffer, H.H.

1981-01-01

A new model of the sublimation of volatile ices from a cometary nucleus has been developed which includes the effects of diurnal heating and cooling, rotation period and pole orientation, and thermal properties of the ice and subsurface layers. The model also includes the contribution from coma opacity, scattering, and thermal emission, where the properties of the coma are derived from the integrated rate of volatile production by the nucleus. The model is applied to the specific case of the 1986 apparition of Halley's comet. It is found that the generation of a cometary dust coma actually increases the total energy reaching the Halley nucleus. This results because of the significantly greater geometrical cross section of the coma as compared with the bare nucleus, and because the coma provides an essentially isotropic source of multiply scattered sunlight and thermal emission over the entire nucleus surface. For Halley, the calculated coma opacity is approximately 0.2 at 1 AU from the Sun, and 1.2 at perihelion (0.587 AU). At 1 AU this has little effect on dayside temperatures (maximum ???200??K) but raises nightside temperatures (minimum ???150??K) by about 40??K. At perihelion the higher opacity results in a nearly isothermal nucleus with only small diurnal and latitudinal temperature variations. The general surface temperature is 205??K with a maximum of 209??K at local noon on the equator. Some possible consequences of the results with respect to the generation of nongravitational forces, observed volatile production rates for comets, and cometary lifetimes against sublimation are discussed. ?? 1981.

Present status of PIT round wires of 122-type iron-based superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tamegai, T.; Suwa, T.; Pyon, S.; Kajitani, H.; Takano, K.; Koizumi, N.; Awaji, S.; Watanabe, K.

2017-12-01

Outstanding characteristics with high T c and H c2 and small anisotropy in iron-based superconductors (IBSs) have triggered the development of superconducting wires and tapes using these novel superconductors. In this short article, developments and present status of round wires of 122-type IBSs are reviewed. By introducing hot-isostatic pressing (HIP) technique, J c in round wires of 122-type IBSs has been improved significantly. Further improvements have been realized by refining the fabrication process of the core material and introducing partial texturing of the wire core. The largest transport J c for round wires at 4.2 K at self-field and 100 kOe are 2.0x105 A/cm2 and 3.8x104 A/cm2, respectively. We also compare the J c characteristics of wires and tapes processed by HIP.

Measurement of intact-core length of atomizing liquid jets by image deconvolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodward, Roger; Burch, Robert; Kuo, Kenneth; Cheung, Fan-Bill

1993-01-01

The investigation of liquid jet breakup and spray development is critical to the understanding of combustion phenomena in liquid propellant rocket engines. Much work has been done to characterize low-speed liquid jet breakup and dilute sprays, but atomizing jets and dense sprays have yielded few quantitative measurements due to their high liquid load fractions and hence their optical opacity. Focus was on a characteristic of the primary breakup process of round liquid jets, namely the length of the intact-liquid core. The specific application considered is that of shear-coaxial-type rocket engine injectors in which liquid oxygen is injected through the center post while high velocity gaseous hydrogen is injected through a concentric annulus, providing a shear force to the liquid jet surface. Real-time x ray radiography, capable of imaging through the dense two-phase region surrounding the liquid core, is used to make the measurements. The intact-liquid-core length data were obtained and interpreted using two conceptually different methods to illustrate the effects of chamber pressure, gas-to-liquid momentum ratio, and cavitation.

Ocular Effects of Exposure to 40, 75, and 95 GHz Millimeter Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kojima, Masami; Suzuki, Yukihisa; Sasaki, Kensuke; Taki, Masao; Wake, Kanako; Watanabe, Soichi; Mizuno, Maya; Tasaki, Takafumi; Sasaki, Hiroshi

2018-05-01

The objective of this study was to develop a model of ocular damage induced by 40, 75, and 95 GHz continuous millimeter waves (MMW), thereby allowing assessment of the clinical course of ocular damage resulting from exposure to thermal damage-inducing MMW. This study also examined the dependence of ocular damage on incident power density. Pigmented rabbit eyes were exposed to 40, 75, and 95 GHz MMW from a spot-focus-type lens antenna. Slight ocular damage was observed 10 min after MMW exposure, including reduced cornea thickness and reduced transparency. Diffuse fluorescein staining around the pupillary area indicated corneal epithelial injury. Slit-lamp examination 1 day after MMW exposure revealed a round area of opacity, accompanied by fluorescence staining, in the central pupillary zone. Corneal edema, indicative of corneal stromal damage, peaked 1 day after MMW exposure, with thickness gradually subsiding to normal. Three days after exposure, ocular conditions had almost normalized, though corneal thickness was slightly greater than that before exposure. The 50% probability of ocular damage (DD50) was in the order 40 > 95 ≈ 75 GHz at the same incident power densities.

Primary angiocentric/angioinvasive T-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a feline leukaemia virus-positive cat.

PubMed

Santagostino, Sara F; Mortellaro, Carlo M; Buchholz, Julia; Lugli, Margherita; Forlani, Annalisa; Ghisleni, Gabriele; Roccabianca, Paola

2015-01-01

Case summary A 5-year-old neutered female feline leukaemia virus (FeLV)-positive domestic shorthair cat with a 5 month history of otitis media was referred for head tilt, stertor and dyspnoea. Computed tomography scan revealed soft tissue opacities inside the right tympanic bulla, with bone remodelling, and concurrent nasopharyngeal and intracranial invasion. Endoscopically guided bioptic samples were collected from the nasopharynx and middle ear. Histology revealed dense sheets of round, large, neoplastic cells, often surrounding or invading vascular walls. Neoplastic cells expressed CD3, FeLV p27 and gp70 antigens. A middle ear angiocentric/angioinvasive T-cell lymphoma was diagnosed. After improvement of clinical conditions following radiation therapy, the cat died unexpectedly. At necropsy, hepatic and splenic spread was detected. Relevance and novel information Primary middle ear tumours are rare and their diagnosis is often delayed as clinical signs mimic more common otological conditions. Multiple bioptic specimens are pivotal for a definitive diagnosis. The young age of the cat, serology and immunohistochemistry revealed a possible transforming role of FeLV.

Measurement of intact-core length of atomizing liquid jets by image deconvolution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodward, Roger; Burch, Robert; Kuo, Kenneth; Cheung, Fan-Bill

1993-11-01

The investigation of liquid jet breakup and spray development is critical to the understanding of combustion phenomena in liquid propellant rocket engines. Much work has been done to characterize low-speed liquid jet breakup and dilute sprays, but atomizing jets and dense sprays have yielded few quantitative measurements due to their high liquid load fractions and hence their optical opacity. Focus was on a characteristic of the primary breakup process of round liquid jets, namely the length of the intact-liquid core. The specific application considered is that of shear-coaxial-type rocket engine injectors in which liquid oxygen is injected through the center post while high velocity gaseous hydrogen is injected through a concentric annulus, providing a shear force to the liquid jet surface. Real-time x ray radiography, capable of imaging through the dense two-phase region surrounding the liquid core, is used to make the measurements. The intact-liquid-core length data were obtained and interpreted using two conceptually different methods to illustrate the effects of chamber pressure, gas-to-liquid momentum ratio, and cavitation.

Opacity from two-photon processes

DOE PAGES

More, Richard M.; Hansen, Stephanie B.; Nagayama, Taisuke

2017-07-22

Here, the recent iron opacity measurements performed at Sandia National Laboratory by Bailey and collaborators have raised questions about the completeness of the physical models normally used to understand partially ionized hot dense plasmas. We describe calculations of two-photon absorption, which is a candidate for the observed extra opacity. Our calculations do not yet match the experiments but show that the two-photon absorption process is strong enough to require careful consideration.

On measurements of Effective Residual Ink Concentration (ERIC) of deinked papers using Kubelka-Munk theory

Treesearch

D.W. Vahey; J.Y. Zhu; C.J. Houtman

2006-01-01

The measurement of effective residual ink concentration (ERIC) in recycled papers depends on their opacity. For opacity less than 97.0%, the method is based on application of the Kubelka-Munk theory to diffuse reflection from papers measured once with a black backing and again with a thick backing of the same papers. At opacities above 97.0%, the two reflection values...

Atomic structure considerations for the low-temperature opacity of Sn

DOE PAGES

Colgan, J.; Kilcrease, D. P.; Abdallah, J.; ...

2017-03-31

Here, we have begun a preliminary investigation into the opacity of Sn at low temperatures (< 50 eV). The emissivity and opacity of Sn is a crucial factor in determining the utility of Sn in EUV lithography, with numerous industrial implications. To this end, we have been exploring the accuracy of some approximations used in opacity models for the relevant ion stages of Sn (neutral through ~ 18 times ionized). We also find that the use of intermediate-coupling, as compared to full configuration-interaction, is not adequate to obtain accurate line positions of the important bound-bound transitions in Sn. One requiresmore » full configuration-interaction to properly describe the strong mixing between the various n=4 sub-shells that give rise to the Δn= 0 transitions that dominate the opacity spectrum at low temperatures. Furthermore, since calculations that include full configuration-interaction for large numbers of configurations quickly become computationally prohibitive, we have explored hybrid calculations, in which full configuration-interaction is retained for the most important transitions, while intermediate-coupling is employed for all other transitions. After extensive exploration of the atomic structure properties, local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (LTE) opacities are generated using the ATOMIC code at selected temperatures and densities and compared to experiment.« less

Atomic structure considerations for the low-temperature opacity of Sn

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Colgan, J.; Kilcrease, D. P.; Abdallah, J.

Here, we have begun a preliminary investigation into the opacity of Sn at low temperatures (< 50 eV). The emissivity and opacity of Sn is a crucial factor in determining the utility of Sn in EUV lithography, with numerous industrial implications. To this end, we have been exploring the accuracy of some approximations used in opacity models for the relevant ion stages of Sn (neutral through ~ 18 times ionized). We also find that the use of intermediate-coupling, as compared to full configuration-interaction, is not adequate to obtain accurate line positions of the important bound-bound transitions in Sn. One requiresmore » full configuration-interaction to properly describe the strong mixing between the various n=4 sub-shells that give rise to the Δn= 0 transitions that dominate the opacity spectrum at low temperatures. Furthermore, since calculations that include full configuration-interaction for large numbers of configurations quickly become computationally prohibitive, we have explored hybrid calculations, in which full configuration-interaction is retained for the most important transitions, while intermediate-coupling is employed for all other transitions. After extensive exploration of the atomic structure properties, local-thermodynamic-equilibrium (LTE) opacities are generated using the ATOMIC code at selected temperatures and densities and compared to experiment.« less

Modeling the Hydrological Cycle in the Atmosphere of Mars: Influence of a Bimodal Size Distribution of Aerosol Nucleation Particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaposhnikov, Dmitry S.; Rodin, Alexander V.; Medvedev, Alexander S.; Fedorova, Anna A.; Kuroda, Takeshi; Hartogh, Paul

2018-02-01

We present a new implementation of the hydrological cycle scheme into a general circulation model of the Martian atmosphere. The model includes a semi-Lagrangian transport scheme for water vapor and ice and accounts for microphysics of phase transitions between them. The hydrological scheme includes processes of saturation, nucleation, particle growth, sublimation, and sedimentation under the assumption of a variable size distribution. The scheme has been implemented into the Max Planck Institute Martian general circulation model and tested assuming monomodal and bimodal lognormal distributions of ice condensation nuclei. We present a comparison of the simulated annual variations, horizontal and vertical distributions of water vapor, and ice clouds with the available observations from instruments on board Mars orbiters. The accounting for bimodality of aerosol particle distribution improves the simulations of the annual hydrological cycle, including predicted ice clouds mass, opacity, number density, and particle radii. The increased number density and lower nucleation rates bring the simulated cloud opacities closer to observations. Simulations show a weak effect of the excess of small aerosol particles on the simulated water vapor distributions.

Momentum deposition on Wolf-Rayet winds: Nonisotropic diffusion with effective gray opacity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gayley, Kenneth G.; Owocki, Stanley P.; Cranmer, Steven R.

1995-01-01

We derive the velocity and mass-loss rate of a steady state Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind, using a nonisotropic diffusion approximation applied to the transfer between strongly overlapping spectral lines. Following the approach of Friend & Castor (1983), the line list is assumed to approximate a statistically parameterized Poisson distribution in frequency, so that photon transport is controlled by an angle-dependent, effectively gray opacity. We show the nonisotropic diffusion approximation yields good agreement with more accurate numerical treatments of the radiative transfer, while providing analytic insight into wind driving by multiple scattering. We illustrate, in particular, that multiple radiative momentum deposition does not require that potons be repeatedly reflected across substantial distances within the spherical envelope, but indeed is greatest when photons undergo a nearly local diffusion, e.g., through scattering by many lines closely spaced in frequency. Our results reiterate the view that the so-called 'momentum problem' of Wolf-Rayet winds is better characterized as an 'opacity problem' of simply identfying enough lines. One way of increasing the number of thick lines in Wolf-Rayet winds is to transfer opacity from saturated to unsaturated lines, yielding a steeper opacity distribution than that found in OB winds. We discuss the implications of this perspective for extending our approach to W-R wind models that incorporate a more fundamental treatment of the ionization and excitation processes that determine the line opacity. In particular, we argue that developing statistical descriptions of the lines to allow an improved effective opacity for the line ensemble would offer several advantages for deriving such more fundamental W-R wind models.

Momentum deposition on Wolf-Rayet winds: Nonisotropic diffusion with effective gray opacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gayley, Kenneth G.; Owocki, Stanley P.; Cranmer, Steven R.

1995-03-01

We derive the velocity and mass-loss rate of a steady state Wolf-Rayet (WR) wind, using a nonisotropic diffusion approximation applied to the transfer between strongly overlapping spectral lines. Following the approach of Friend & Castor (1983), the line list is assumed to approximate a statistically parameterized Poisson distribution in frequency, so that photon transport is controlled by an angle-dependent, effectively gray opacity. We show the nonisotropic diffusion approximation yields good agreement with more accurate numerical treatments of the radiative transfer, while providing analytic insight into wind driving by multiple scattering. We illustrate, in particular, that multiple radiative momentum deposition does not require that photons be repeatedly reflected across substantial distances within the spherical envelope, but indeed is greatest when photons undergo a nearly local diffusion, e.g., through scattering by many lines closely spaced in frequency. Our results reiterate the view that the so-called 'momentum problem' of Wolf-Rayet winds is better characterized as an 'opacity problem' of simply identifying enough lines. One way of increasing the number of thick lines in Wolf-Rayet winds is to transfer opacity from saturated to unsaturated lines, yielding a steeper opacity distribution than that found in OB winds. We discuss the implications of this perspective for extending our approach to W-R wind models that incorporate a more fundamental treatment of the ionization and excitation processes that determine the line opacity. In particular, we argue that developing statistical descriptions of the lines to allow an improved effective opacity for the line ensemble would offer several advantages for deriving such more fundamental W-R wind models.

Implicit Monte Carlo with a linear discontinuous finite element material solution and piecewise non-constant opacity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Wollaber, Allan B.; Urbatsch, Todd J.

2016-02-23

Here, the non-linear thermal radiative-transfer equations can be solved in various ways. One popular way is the Fleck and Cummings Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) method. The IMC method was originally formulated with piecewise-constant material properties. For domains with a coarse spatial grid and large temperature gradients, an error known as numerical teleportation may cause artificially non-causal energy propagation and consequently an inaccurate material temperature. Source tilting is a technique to reduce teleportation error by constructing sub-spatial-cell (or sub-cell) emission profiles from which IMC particles are sampled. Several source tilting schemes exist, but some allow teleportation error to persist. We examinemore » the effect of source tilting in problems with a temperature-dependent opacity. Within each cell, the opacity is evaluated continuously from a temperature profile implied by the source tilt. For IMC, this is a new approach to modeling the opacity. We find that applying both source tilting along with a source tilt-dependent opacity can introduce another dominant error that overly inhibits thermal wavefronts. We show that we can mitigate both teleportation and under-propagation errors if we discretize the temperature equation with a linear discontinuous (LD) trial space. Our method is for opacities ~ 1/T 3, but we formulate and test a slight extension for opacities ~ 1/T 3.5, where T is temperature. We find our method avoids errors that can be incurred by IMC with continuous source tilt constructions and piecewise-constant material temperature updates.« less

The influence of urban area opacity on biologically active UV-B irradiance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chubarova, Nataly; Rozental', Victor

2013-04-01

The study of UV irradiance changes in urban area is an essential problem due to the significant effect of UV irradiance on human health which can be positive (vitamin D synthesis) and negative (erythema, skin cancer, eye damage). According to the results of several experiments within the Moscow megacity we studied the effects of urban area opacity on the different types of biologically active UV-B irradiance on the base of a specially developed mobile photometric complex snd additional measurements of the urban opacity by Nikon Fisheye Converter FC-E8. We analyzed both the level of erythemally-active irradiance and the UV eye damaging radiation using the broadband UVB-1 YES pyranometer calibrated against ultraviolet spectroradiometer Bentham DTM-300 of the Medical University of Innsbruck (courtesy of Dr. M.Blumthaler). In order to estimate the effects of the urban opacity the measurements were normalized on similar measurements at the Meteorological Observatory of Moscow State University with zero opacity. This ratio is defined as an urban radiative transmittance (URT). Different atmospheric conditions were considered. In cloudy conditions the effect of opacity on URT is much less than that in conditions when the sun disk is open from clouds. We revealed some spectral features in transmittance of biologically active UV-B irradiance which is characterized by higher URT variations in overcast cloudy conditions due to more intensive scattering and smaller direct solar radiation component. In the absence of cloudiness the effect of opacity was studied for open and screening solar disk conditions. We obtained much higher URT in UVB spectral region compared with that for total solar irradiance for screening solar disk conditions with a significant URT dependence on the opacity only in UVB spectral region. No URT dependence was obtained for total solar irradiance in these conditions. Some model calculations were fulfilled to match the experimental results.

Effusion cytomorphology of small round cell tumors.

PubMed

Ikeda, Katsuhide; Tsuta, Koji

2016-01-01

Small round cell tumors (SRCTs) are a group of tumors composed of small, round, and uniform cells with high nuclear/cytoplasmic (N/C) ratios. The appearance of SRCT neoplastic cells in the effusion fluid is very rare. We reported the cytomorphological findings of SRCTs in effusion cytology, and performed statistical and mathematical analyses for a purpose to distinguish SRCTs. We analyzed the cytologic findings of effusion samples from 40 SRCT cases and measured the lengths of the nuclei, cytoplasms, and the cell cluster areas. The SRCT cases included 14 Ewing sarcoma (EWS)/primitive neuroectodermal tumor cases, 5 synovial sarcoma cases, 6 rhabdomyosarcoma cases, 9 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cases, and 6 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBL) cases. Morphologically, there were no significant differences in the nuclear and cytoplasmic lengths in cases of EWS, synovial sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. The cytoplasmic lengths in cases of SCLC and DLBL were smaller than those of EWS, synovial sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. The nuclear density of the cluster in SCLC was higher than that in other SRCTs, and cases of DLBL showed a lack of anisokaryosis and anisocytosis. We believe that it might be possible to diagnose DLBL and SCLC from cytologic analysis of effusion samples but it is very difficult to use this method to distinguish EWS, synovial sarcoma, and rhabdomyosarcoma. Statistical and mathematical analyses indicated that nuclear density and dispersion of nuclear and cytoplasmic sizes are useful adjuncts to conventional cytologic diagnostic criteria, which are acquired from experience.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Analytical model for irradiated atmospheres (Parmentier+, 2015)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parmentier, V.; Guillot, T.; Fortney, J.; Marley, M.

2014-11-01

The model has six parameters to describe the opacities: - {kappa}(N) is the Rosseland mean opacity at each levels of the atmosphere it does not have to be constant with depth. - Gp is the ratio of the thermal Plank mean opacity to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity. - Beta is the width ratio of the two thermal bands in the frequency space. - Gv1 is the ratio of the visible opacity in the first visible band to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity - Gv2 is the ratio of the visible opacity in the second visible band to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity - Gv3 is the ratio of the visible opacity in the second visible band to the thermal Rosseland mean opacity Each visible band has a fixed width of 1/3. Additional parameters describe the physical setting: - Teq0 is the equilibrium temperature of the planet for 0 albedo and full redistribution of energy. - mu is the angle between the vertical direction and the stellar direction. For average profiles set mu=1/sqrt(3) - f is a parameter equal to 0.5 to compute a dayside average profile and 0.25 for planet average profile. - Tint is the internal temperature, given by the internal luminosity - grav is the gravity of the planet - Ab is the Bond albedo of the planet - P(i) are the pressure levels where the temperature is computed. - N is the number of atmospheric levels. Several options are available in order to use the coefficients derived in Parmentier et al. (2014A&A...562A.133P, Cat. J/A+A/562/A133): ROSS can take the values : - "USER" for a Rosseland mean opacity set by the user {kappa}(nlevels) through the atmosphere. - "AUTO" in order to use {kappa}(P,T), the functional form of the Rosseland mean opacities provided by Valencia et al. (2013ApJ...775...10V) and based on the opacities calculated by Freedman et al. (2008ApJS..174..504F). The value of {kappa} is then recalculated and the initial value set by the user is NOT taken into account. COEFF can take the values : - "USER" for coefficients set by the user - "AUTO" for using the fit of the coefficients provided in Parmentier et al. (2014A&A...562A.133P, Cat. J/A+A/562/A133). In that case all the coefficients set by the user are NOT taken into account (apart for the Rosseland mean opacities) COMP can take the values (Valid only if COEFF="AUTO") : - "SOLAR" to use the fit of the coefficients for a solar composition atmosphere - "NOTIO" to use the fit of the coefficients without TiO STAR can take the value (Valid only if COEFF="AUTO"): - "SUN" to use the fit of the coefficients for a sun-like stellar irradiation ALBEDO can thake the value : - "USER" for a user defined albedo - "AUTO" to use the fit of the albedos for solar-composition, clear-sky atmospheres CONV can be either : - "NO" for a pure radiative solution - "YES" for a radiative/convective solution (without taking into account detached convective layers) The code and all the outputs uses SI units. Installation and use : to install the code use the command "make". To test use "make test". The test should be done with the downloaded version of the code, without any changes. To execute the code, once it has been compiled, type ./NonGrey in the same directory.This will output a file PTprofile.csv with the temperature structure in csv format and a file PTprofile.dat in dat format. The input parameters must be changed inside the file paper2.f90. It is necessary to compile the code again each time. The subroutine tprofile2e.f90 can be directly implemented into one's code. (5 data files).

Thermal infrared properties of Titan's stratospheric aerosol

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samuelson, Robert E.; Mayo, Louis A.

1991-01-01

The monotonic increase with wavenumber of stratospheric IR opacities in the north polar neighborhood of Titan, in the 250-600/cm bandpass, becomes more extreme with decreasing altitude, consistent with an opacity that is primarily dependent on a high altitude photochemical aerosol, on the one hand, but which is moderated by condensed organics at lower altitudes. Because condensates exhibit a wavenumber dependence for opacity which is the opposite of that required, it is suggested that condensed nitriles may be prominent; either of these condensates may be acceptable for sufficiently large particles. While comparisons with low-latitude data indicate no clear dependence of vertically-integrated opacity on latitude above 80 km, indications of a particle size and/or composition gradient with latitude in the lower stratosphere are noted.

78 FR 62597 - 36(b)(1) Arms Sales Notification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... Block II missiles, 1000 GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) with BRU-61 carriage systems, 40 CATM-84H... missiles, 1000 GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bombs (SDB), 40 CATM-84H Captive Air Training Missiles (CATM), 20... Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) I weapon is a 250-lb class, all-up round (AUR) that provides greater than 50nm...

78 FR 62594 - 36(b)(1) Arms Sales Notification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... Consideration for Purchase: 5000 GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bombs (SDB) with BRU-61 carriage systems, 8 SDB Guided... Emirates has requested a possible sale of 5000 GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bombs (SDB) with BRU-61 carriage... environmental conditions. 5. The GBU-39/B Small Diameter Bomb (SDB) I weapon is a 250-lb class, all-up round...

Randomness in Competitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ben-Naim, E.; Hengartner, N. W.; Redner, S.; Vazquez, F.

2013-05-01

We study the effects of randomness on competitions based on an elementary random process in which there is a finite probability that a weaker team upsets a stronger team. We apply this model to sports leagues and sports tournaments, and compare the theoretical results with empirical data. Our model shows that single-elimination tournaments are efficient but unfair: the number of games is proportional to the number of teams N, but the probability that the weakest team wins decays only algebraically with N. In contrast, leagues, where every team plays every other team, are fair but inefficient: the top √{N} of teams remain in contention for the championship, while the probability that the weakest team becomes champion is exponentially small. We also propose a gradual elimination schedule that consists of a preliminary round and a championship round. Initially, teams play a small number of preliminary games, and subsequently, a few teams qualify for the championship round. This algorithm is fair and efficient: the best team wins with a high probability and the number of games scales as N 9/5, whereas traditional leagues require N 3 games to fairly determine a champion.

Small pulmonary nodules in baseline and incidence screening rounds of low-dose CT lung cancer screening

PubMed Central

Walter, Joan E.; Oudkerk, Matthijs

2017-01-01

Currently, lung cancer screening by low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is widely recommended for high-risk individuals by US guidelines, but there still is an ongoing debate concerning respective recommendations for European countries. Nevertheless, the available data regarding pulmonary nodules released by lung cancer screening studies could improve future screening guidelines, as well as the clinical practice of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules on routine CT scans. Most lung cancer screening trials present results for baseline and incidence screening rounds separately, clustering pulmonary nodules initially found at baseline screening and newly detected pulmonary nodules after baseline screening together. This approach does not appreciate possible differences among pulmonary nodules detected at baseline and firstly detected at incidence screening rounds and is heavily influenced by methodological differences of the respective screening trials. This review intends to create a basis for assessing non-calcified pulmonary nodules detected during LDCT lung cancer screening in a more clinical relevant manner. The aim is to present data of non-calcified pulmonary baseline nodules and new non-calcified pulmonary incident nodules without clustering them together, thereby also simplifying translation to the clinical practice of incidentally detected pulmonary nodules. Small pulmonary nodules newly detected at incidence screening rounds of LDCT lung cancer screening may possess a greater lung cancer probability than pulmonary baseline nodules at a smaller size, which is essential for the development of new guidelines. PMID:28331823

Simulation of a central scotoma using contact lenses with an opaque centre.

PubMed

Almutleb, Essam S; Bradley, Arthur; Jedlicka, Jason; Hassan, Shirin E

2018-01-01

This study evaluated the feasibility of using soft contact lenses (CLs) with an opaque centre to induce absolute central scotomas that move with the eye. We examined the geometrical optics prediction that scotoma size will vary with the size of the CL's opaque centre and with ocular pupil size. We also tested the hypothesis that high environmental light levels will ensure that the ocular pupil will remain small enough, even with opaque centre CLs, to generate absolute scotomas representative of those experienced by patients with age-related macular disease. Using an Octopus 900 Perimeter ( www.Haag-Streit.com), kinetic visual fields (VFs) were measured in five normally-sighted subjects using a V4e Goldmann target with CLs that had central opaque areas with diameters of 2.8, 3.0, and 3.2 mm. To control pupil size, VFs were measured with background perimeter bowl luminances of 10, 585, and 1155 cd m -2 . Subjects attempted to (i) fixate the bowl centre; and (ii) place the scotoma edge at the bowl fixation target (eccentric viewing). As predicted, there was a direct relationship between scotoma size and both luminance level and diameter of the opacity. Mean scotoma diameters were 0°, 17.6° and 22°, for the low, medium and high bowl luminances, respectively. Scotoma size was determined primarily by the difference between the diameters of CL opacity and the entrance pupil of the eye and the axial separation between them, and between-subject differences in pupil diameters contributed most to the between-subject variability in scotoma diameter at each light level (SD: 6.01°). Scotoma displacement during eccentric fixation confirmed the gaze-contingent characteristics of this experimental model. It is possible to induce a gaze-contingent absolute scotoma and hence mimic central vision loss using centrally-opaque CLs provided that the CL opacity is larger than the entrance pupil of the eye. This simulation tool will, therefore, be ineffective at low environmental light levels (as shown previously) if the entrance pupil of the eye is larger than the CL opacity. © 2017 The Authors Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics © 2017 The College of Optometrists.

French National Registry of Rare Peritoneal Surface Malignancies

ClinicalTrials.gov

2017-08-18

Rare Peritoneal Surface Malignancies; Pseudomyxoma Peritonei; Peritoneal Mesothelioma; Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor; Psammocarcinoma; Primary Peritoneal Serous Carcinoma; Diffuse Peritoneal Leiomyomatosis; Appendiceal Mucinous Neoplasms

Malignant Mesothelioma in the Thoracic Cavity of a Crj:CD(SD) Rat Characterized by Round Hyalinous Stroma.

PubMed

Doi, Takuya; Kotani, Yuri; Takahashi, Kazuaki; Hashimoto, Satomi; Yamada, Naoaki; Kokoshima, Hiroko; Tomonari, Yuki; Wako, Yumi; Tsuchitani, Minoru

2010-06-01

Spontaneous malignant mesothelioma was found in a 104-week-old male Crj:CD(SD) rat. The tumor was scattered on the surface of the lung, heart, mediastinal pleura and thoracic wall and metastasized to the alveolar septa. Histopathologically, small flattened or cuboidal tumor cells proliferated with stroma, formed almost normal papillary structures and reacted positively to colloidal iron stain and immunohistochemical staining for mesothelin. Round hyalinous stromata were pronounced, which is a characteristic feature, and the possible reason for this is as follows; at first, a small amount of collagen fibers was formed in the center of the clusters of several tumor cells, and then the cell clusters expanded like balloons with an increase in the collagen fibers.

Orbital embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with metastasis in a young dog.

PubMed

Kato, Y; Notake, H; Kimura, J; Murakami, M; Hirata, A; Sakai, H; Yanai, T

2012-01-01

A 2-year-old male Welsh corgi dog was brought to an animal hospital because of left upper eyelid enlargement with lachrymal gland protrusion. The lachrymal and orbital cavity mass was removed surgically. Microscopically, the orbital mass consisted of a mixture of large rhabdomyoblastic and small round tumour cells. Immunohistochemically, the rhabdomyoblastic cells expressed desmin and myoglobin and the small round cells expressed desmin, myogenin and MyoD1. A diagnosis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERS) was made. One month later, multiple masses throughout the body were identified, in particular around the cervical region. One of these lesions was sampled and diagnosed as metastatic ERS. The dog died 84 days after the time of first admission. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Joint Communications Support Element: The Voice Heard Round the World

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

Initial Entry Package ( IEP ), Early Entry Package (EEP), and Joint Mobil- ity Package provide secure and nonsecure voice, video, and data to small mobile...teams operating worldwide. The IEP and EEP can be rapidly scaled to meet force surge require- ments from small dismounted teams up to an advance

Temporal evolution of UV opacity and dust particle size at Gale Crater from MSL/REMS measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro; Martinez, German; Renno, Nilton O.; Lemmon, Mark T.; Mason, Emily; De la Torre, Manuel

2016-10-01

A better characterization of the size, radiative properties and temporal variability of suspended dust in the Martian atmosphere is necessary to improve our understanding of the current climate of Mars. The REMS UV sensor onboard the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) Curiosity rover has performed ground-based measurements of solar radiation in six different UV spectral bands for the first time on Mars.We developed a novel technique to retrieve dust opacity and particle size from REMS UV measurements. We use the electrical output current (TELRDR products) of the six photodiodes and the ancillary data (ADR products) to avoid inconsistencies found in the processed data (units of W/m2) when the solar zenith angle is above 30°. In addition, we use TELRDR and ADR data only in events during which the Sun is temporally blocked by the rover's masthead or mast to mitigate uncertainties associated to the degradation of the sensor due to the deposition of dust on it. Then we use a radiative transfer model with updated dust properties based on the Monte-Carlo method to retrieve the dust opacity and particle size.We find that the seasonal trend of UV opacity is consistent with opacity values at 880 nm derived from Mastcam images of the Sun, with annual maximum values in spring and in summer and minimum values in winter. The interannual variability is low, with two local maxima in mid-spring and mid-summer. Finally, dust particle size also varies throughout the year with typical values of the effective radius in the range between 0.5 and 2 μm. These variations in particle size occur in a similar way to those in dust opacity; the smallest sizes are found when the opacity values are the lowest.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wollaeger, Ryan T.; Van Rossum, Daniel R., E-mail: wollaeger@wisc.edu, E-mail: daan@flash.uchicago.edu

Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) and Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC) are methods used to stochastically solve the radiative transport and diffusion equations, respectively. These methods combine into a hybrid transport-diffusion method we refer to as IMC-DDMC. We explore a multigroup IMC-DDMC scheme that in DDMC, combines frequency groups with sufficient optical thickness. We term this procedure ''opacity regrouping''. Opacity regrouping has previously been applied to IMC-DDMC calculations for problems in which the dependence of the opacity on frequency is monotonic. We generalize opacity regrouping to non-contiguous groups and implement this in SuperNu, a code designed to do radiation transport inmore » high-velocity outflows with non-monotonic opacities. We find that regrouping of non-contiguous opacity groups generally improves the speed of IMC-DDMC radiation transport. We present an asymptotic analysis that informs the nature of the Doppler shift in DDMC groups and summarize the derivation of the Gentile-Fleck factor for modified IMC-DDMC. We test SuperNu using numerical experiments including a quasi-manufactured analytic solution, a simple 10 group problem, and the W7 problem for Type Ia supernovae. We find that opacity regrouping is necessary to make our IMC-DDMC implementation feasible for the W7 problem and possibly Type Ia supernova simulations in general. We compare the bolometric light curves and spectra produced by the SuperNu and PHOENIX radiation transport codes for the W7 problem. The overall shape of the bolometric light curves are in good agreement, as are the spectra and their evolution with time. However, for the numerical specifications we considered, we find that the peak luminosity of the light curve calculated using SuperNu is ∼10% less than that calculated using PHOENIX.« less

Measuring the opacity of stellar interior matter in terrestrial laboratories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bailey, James

2015-11-01

How does energy propagate from the core to the surface of the Sun, where it emerges to warm the Earth? Nearly a century ago Eddington recognized that the attenuation of radiation by stellar matter controls the internal structure of stars like the sun. Opacities for high energy density (HED) matter are challenging to calculate because accurate and complete descriptions of the energy levels, populations, and plasma effects such as continuum lowering and line broadening are needed for partially ionized atoms. This requires approximations, in part because billions of bound-bound and bound-free electronic transitions can contribute to the opacity. Opacity calculations, however, have never been benchmarked against laboratory measurements at stellar interior conditions. Laboratory opacity measurements were limited in the past by the challenges of creating and diagnosing sufficiently large and uniform samples at the extreme conditions found inside stars. In research conducted over more than 10 years, we developed an experimental platform on the Z facility and measured wavelength-resolved iron opacity at electron temperatures Te = 156-195 eV and densities ne = 0.7-4.0 x 1022 cm-3 - conditions very similar to the radiation/convection boundary zone within the Sun. The wavelength-dependent opacity in the 975-1775 eV photon energy range is 30-400% higher than models predict. This raises questions about how well we understand the behavior of atoms in HED plasma. These measurements may also help resolve decade-old discrepancies between solar model predictions and helioseismic observations. This talk will provide an overview of the measurements, investigations of possible errors, and ongoing experiments aimed at testing hypotheses to resolve the model-data discrepancy. Sandia is a multiprogram laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a Lockheed Martin Company, for the United States Department of Energy under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Identification of preoperative prediction factors of tumor subtypes for patients with solitary ground-glass opacity pulmonary nodules.

PubMed

Li, Meishuang; Wang, Yanan; Chen, Yulong; Zhang, Zhenfa

2018-01-17

Recent wide spread use of low-dose helical computed tomography for the screening of lung cancer have led to an increase in the detection rate of very faint and smaller lesions known as ground-glass opacity nodules. The purpose of this study was to investigate the clinical factors of lung cancer patients with solitary ground-glass opacity pulmonary nodules on computed tomography. A total of 423 resected solitary ground-glass opacity nodules were retrospectively evaluated. We analyzed the clinical, imaging and pathological data and investigated the clinical differences in patient with adenocarcinoma in situ / minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and those with invasive adenocarcinoma. Three hundred and ninety-three adenocarcinomas (92.9%) and 30 benign nodules were diagnosed. Age, the history of family cancer, serum carcinoembryonic antigen level, tumor size, ground-glass opacity types, and bubble-like sign in chest CT differed significantly between adenocarcinoma in situ / minimally invasive adenocarcinoma and invasive adenocarcinoma (p:0.008, 0.046, 0.000, 0.000, 0.000 and 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic curves and univariate analysis revealed that patients with more than 58.5 years, a serum carcinoembryonic antigen level > 1.970 μg/L, a tumor size> 13.50 mm, mixed ground-glass opacity nodules and a bubble-like sign were more likely to be diagnosed as invasive adenocarcinoma. The combination of five factors above had an area under the curve of 0.91, with a sensitivity of 82% and a specificity of 87%. The five-factor combination helps us to distinguish adenocarcinoma in situ / minimally invasive adenocarcinoma from invasive adenocarcinoma and to perform appropriate surgery for solitory ground-glass opacity nodules.

In-situ roundness measurement and correction for pin journals in oscillating grinding machines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Hongxiang; Xu, Mengchen; Zhao, Jie

2015-01-01

In the mass production of vehicle-engine crankshafts, pin chasing grinding using oscillating grinding machines is a widely accepted method to achieve flexible and efficient performance. However, the eccentric movement of pin journals makes it difficult to develop an in-process roundness measurement scheme for the improvement of contour precision. Here, a new in-situ roundness measurement strategy is proposed with high scanning speed. The measuring mechanism is composed of a V-block and an adaptive telescopic support. The swing pattern of the telescopic support and the V-block is analysed for an equal angle-interval signal sampling. Hence roundness error signal is extracted in frequency domain using a small-signal model of the V-block roundness measurement method and the Fast Fourier Transformation. To implement the roundness data in the CNC coordinate system of an oscillating grinding machine, a transformation function is derived according to the motion model of pin chasing grinding methodology. Computer simulation reveals the relationship between the rotational position of the crankshaft component and the scanning angle of the displacement probe on the V-block, as well as the influence introduced by the rotation centre drift. Prototype investigation indicates the validity of the theoretical analysis and the feasibility of the new strategy.

The floating mass transducer at the round window: direct transmission or bone conduction?

PubMed

Arnold, Andreas; Kompis, Martin; Candreia, Claudia; Pfiffner, Flurin; Häusler, Rudolf; Stieger, Christof

2010-05-01

The round window placement of a floating mass transducer (FMT) is a new approach for coupling an implantable hearing system to the cochlea. We evaluated the vibration transfer to the cochlear fluids of an FMT placed at the round window (rwFMT) with special attention to the role of bone conduction. A posterior tympanotomy was performed on eleven ears of seven human whole head specimens. Several rwFMT setups were examined using laser Doppler vibrometry measurements at the stapes and the promontory. In three ears, the vibrations of a bone anchored hearing aid (BAHA) and an FMT fixed to the promontory (pFMT) were compared to explore the role of bone conduction. Vibration transmission to the measuring point at the stapes was best when the rwFMT was perpendicularly placed in the round window and underlayed with connective tissue. Fixation of the rwFMT to the round window exhibited significantly lower vibration transmission. Although measurable, bone conduction from the pFMT was much lower than that of the BAHA. Our results suggest that the rwFMT does not act as a small bone anchored hearing aid, but instead, acts as a direct vibratory stimulator of the round window membrane. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tamper asymmetry and its effect on transmission for x-ray driven opacity simulations

DOE PAGES

Morris, H. E.; Tregillis, I. L.; Hoffman, N. M.; ...

2017-08-01

This paper reports on synthetic transmission results from Lasnex [1] radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of opacity experiments carried out at Sandia National Laboratories' recently upgraded ZR facility. The focus is on experiments utilizing disk targets composed of a half-moon Fe/Mg mixture tamped on either end with 10- m CH and an additional 35- m beryllium tamper accessory on the end facing the spectrometer. Five x-ray sources with peak power ranging from 10 to 24 TW were used in the simulations to heat and backlight the opacity target. The dominant effect is that the beryllium behind the Fe/Mg mixture is denser and moremore » opaque than the beryllium unshielded by metal during the times of greatest importance for the transmission measurement for all drives. This causes the simulated transmission to be lower than expected, and this is most pronounced for the case using the lowest drive power. While beryllium has a low opacity, its areal density is sufficiently high such that the expected reduction of the measured transmission is significant. This situation leads to an overestimate of iron opacity by 10-215% for a photon energy range of 975- 1775 eV for the 10-TW case. It is shown that if the tamper conditions are known, the transmission through each component of the target can be calculated and the resulting opacity can be corrected.« less

Is the Universe transparent?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Kai; Avgoustidis, A.; Li, Zhengxiang

2015-12-01

We present our study on cosmic opacity, which relates to changes in photon number as photons travel from the source to the observer. Cosmic opacity may be caused by absorption or scattering due to matter in the Universe, or by extragalactic magnetic fields that can turn photons into unobserved particles (e.g., light axions, chameleons, gravitons, Kaluza-Klein modes), and it is crucial to correctly interpret astronomical photometric measurements like type Ia supernovae observations. On the other hand, the expansion rate at different epochs, i.e., the observational Hubble parameter data H (z ), are obtained from differential ageing of passively evolving galaxies or from baryon acoustic oscillations and thus are not affected by cosmic opacity. In this work, we first construct opacity-free luminosity distances from H (z ) determinations, taking into consideration correlations between different redshifts for our error analysis. Moreover, we let the light-curve fitting parameters, accounting for distance estimation in type Ia supernovae observations, free to ensure that our analysis is authentically cosmological-model independent and gives a robust result. Any nonzero residuals between these two kinds of luminosity distances can be deemed as an indication of the existence of cosmic opacity. While a transparent Universe is currently consistent with the data, our results show that strong constraints on opacity (and consequently on physical mechanisms that could cause it) can be obtained in a cosmological-model-independent fashion.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perry, Theodore Sonne; Dodd, Evan S.; DeVolder, Barbara Gloria

X-ray opacity is a crucial factor in all radiation-hydrodynamics calculations, yet it is one of the least validated of the material properties in simulation codes for high-energy-density plasmas. Recent opacity experiments at the Sandia Z-machine have shown up to factors of two discrepancies between theory and experiment for various mid-Z elements (Fe, Cr, Ni). These discrepancies raise doubts regarding the accuracy of the opacity models which are used in ICF and stewardship as well as in astrophysics. Therefore, a new experimental opacity platform has been developed on the National Ignition Facility (NIF), not only to verify the Z-machine experimental results,more » but also to extend the experiments to other temperatures and densities. Within the context of the national opacity strategy, the first NIF experiments were directed towards measuring the opacity of iron at a temperature of ~160 eV and an electron density of ~7xl021 cm-3(Anchor 1). The Z data agree with theory at these conditions, providing a reference point for validation of the NIF platform. Development shots on NIF have demonstrated the ability to create a sufficiently bright point backlighter using an imploding plastic capsule, and also a combined hohlraum, sample and laser drive able to produce iron plasmas at the desired conditions. Spectrometer qualification has been completed, albeit with additional improvements planned, and the first iron absorption spectra have now been obtained.« less

Opacity annotation of diffuse lung diseases using deep convolutional neural network with multi-channel information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mabu, Shingo; Kido, Shoji; Hashimoto, Noriaki; Hirano, Yasushi; Kuremoto, Takashi

2018-02-01

This research proposes a multi-channel deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) for computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) that classifies normal and abnormal opacities of diffuse lung diseases in Computed Tomography (CT) images. Because CT images are gray scale, DCNN usually uses one channel for inputting image data. On the other hand, this research uses multi-channel DCNN where each channel corresponds to the original raw image or the images transformed by some preprocessing techniques. In fact, the information obtained only from raw images is limited and some conventional research suggested that preprocessing of images contributes to improving the classification accuracy. Thus, the combination of the original and preprocessed images is expected to show higher accuracy. The proposed method realizes region of interest (ROI)-based opacity annotation. We used lung CT images taken in Yamaguchi University Hospital, Japan, and they are divided into 32 × 32 ROI images. The ROIs contain six kinds of opacities: consolidation, ground-glass opacity (GGO), emphysema, honeycombing, nodular, and normal. The aim of the proposed method is to classify each ROI into one of the six opacities (classes). The DCNN structure is based on VGG network that secured the first and second places in ImageNet ILSVRC-2014. From the experimental results, the classification accuracy of the proposed method was better than the conventional method with single channel, and there was a significant difference between them.

Clinical significance of owl eye morphologic features by in vivo laser confocal microscopy in patients with cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis.

PubMed

Kobayashi, Akira; Yokogawa, Hideaki; Higashide, Tomomi; Nitta, Koji; Sugiyama, Kazuhisa

2012-03-01

To demonstrate the clinical significance of owl eye morphologic features observed by in vivo laser confocal microscopy in patients with cytomegalovirus (CMV) corneal endotheliitis. Observational case series. participants: Six eyes of 6 patients (6 men; mean age, 73.3 years) with cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis diagnosed by clinical manifestations together with polymerase chain reaction from aqueous humor samples. intervention: All patients were examined by slit-lamp biomicroscopy and in vivo laser confocal microscopy. main outcome measures: Clinical manifestations were summarized by reviewing medical records. Selected confocal images of corneal layers were evaluated qualitatively for shape and degree of light reflection of abnormal cells and deposits. All patients had long histories of anterior uveitis with intraocular pressure elevation, corneal edema with keratic precipitates, and decrease of endothelial cell densities. Coin-shaped lesions were observed by slit lamp only in 1 patient at the first visit and in 2 additional patients at subsequent follow-up. In all patients, confocal microscopy demonstrated reduced subepithelial nerves, subepithelial opacity, increased reflectivity of keratocytes, highly reflective dots, and needle-shaped bodies. Owl eye morphologic features were observed consistently in all patients at the initial visit, and highly reflective round bodies were detected in 5 patients; most notably, these confocal features were reversible after resolution of endotheliitis. Owl eye morphologic features and highly reflective round bodies observed by confocal microscopy may be useful as an adjunct for the noninvasive diagnosis of cytomegalovirus corneal endotheliitis. Reversibility of these features after resolution of endotheliitis may be useful for monitoring the therapeutic effects without multiple anterior chamber tap. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 63.1653 - Opacity standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 60 percent opacity, measured as a 6-minute average. (b) Blowing taps, poling and oxygen lancing of the tap hole; burndowns associated with electrode measurements; and maintenance activities associated...

Interpretation of the BRITE oscillation data of the hybrid pulsator ν Eridani: a call for the modification of stellar opacities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz, J.; Pamyatnykh, A. A.; Walczak, P.

The analysis of the BRIght Target Explorer (BRITE) oscillation spectrum of the main-sequence early B-type star ν Eridani is presented in this paper. Only models with the modified mean opacity profile can account for the observed frequency ranges as well as for the values of some individual frequencies. The number of the κ-modified seismic models is constrained by the non-adiabatic parameter f, which is very sensitive to the opacity changes in the subphotospheric layers, where the pulsations are driven. We present an example of the model that satisfies all the above conditions. It seems that the OPLIB opacities are preferredmore » over those from the OPAL and OP projects. Finally and moreover, we discuss additional consequences of the opacity modification, namely, an enhancement of the efficiency of convection in the Z bump as well as an occurrence of close radial modes which is a kind of avoided-crossing phenomenon common for non-radial modes in standard main-sequence models.« less

Interpretation of the BRITE oscillation data of the hybrid pulsator ν Eridani: a call for the modification of stellar opacities

DOE PAGES

Daszyńska-Daszkiewicz, J.; Pamyatnykh, A. A.; Walczak, P.; ...

2016-12-22

The analysis of the BRIght Target Explorer (BRITE) oscillation spectrum of the main-sequence early B-type star ν Eridani is presented in this paper. Only models with the modified mean opacity profile can account for the observed frequency ranges as well as for the values of some individual frequencies. The number of the κ-modified seismic models is constrained by the non-adiabatic parameter f, which is very sensitive to the opacity changes in the subphotospheric layers, where the pulsations are driven. We present an example of the model that satisfies all the above conditions. It seems that the OPLIB opacities are preferredmore » over those from the OPAL and OP projects. Finally and moreover, we discuss additional consequences of the opacity modification, namely, an enhancement of the efficiency of convection in the Z bump as well as an occurrence of close radial modes which is a kind of avoided-crossing phenomenon common for non-radial modes in standard main-sequence models.« less

Influence of the atmospheric opacity cycle on the near surface environment of Gale Crater on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de la Torre Juarez, Manuel; Gomez-Elvira, Javier; Guzewich, Scott David; Lemmon, Mark T.; Martinez, German; Mason, Emily; Navarro, Sara; Newman, Claire E.; Smith, Michael D.; Retortillo, Alvaro de Vicente

2016-10-01

The Mars atmospheric dust changes the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb solar radiation or release outgoing thermal infrared radiation. This alters the atmospheric heat exchange fluxes and can interfere with the global circulation. The response of near surface pressure, temperature and winds has been characterized at the higher northern latitudes of 45 degree N at the Viking landing sites. The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on Curiosity allows a similar characterization at near-equatorial latitudes of 4.5 degree S. Using MCAM-880 nm opacities as a measure of local atmospheric dust load, we analyze the response of changes in surface variables measured by REMS and compare to those observed by Viking. As on Viking, diurnal and semidiurnal pressure tide amplitudes track very closely the atmospheric opacity and the mean daily pressure shows the increased wave activity. Temperature tides show a more complex response that combines its sensitivity to changes in dust and cloud opacities. Differences in UV opacities for the REMS set of finite spectral windows are explored during the dust and clear seasons.

Numerical investigations of potential systematic uncertainties in iron opacity measurements at solar interior temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nagayama, T.; Bailey, J. E.; Loisel, G. P.

Iron opacity calculations presently disagree with measurements at an electron temperature of ~180–195 eV and an electron density of (2–4)×10 22cm –3, conditions similar to those at the base of the solar convection zone. The measurements use x rays to volumetrically heat a thin iron sample that is tamped with low-Z materials. The opacity is inferred from spectrally resolved x-ray transmission measurements. Plasma self-emission, tamper attenuation, and temporal and spatial gradients can all potentially cause systematic errors in the measured opacity spectra. In this article we quantitatively evaluate these potential errors with numerical investigations. The analysis exploits computer simulations thatmore » were previously found to reproduce the experimentally measured plasma conditions. The simulations, combined with a spectral synthesis model, enable evaluations of individual and combined potential errors in order to estimate their potential effects on the opacity measurement. Lastly, the results show that the errors considered here do not account for the previously observed model-data discrepancies.« less

High surface area bio-waste based carbon as a superior electrode for vanadium redox flow battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maharjan, Makhan; Bhattarai, Arjun; Ulaganathan, Mani; Wai, Nyunt; Oo, Moe Ohnmar; Wang, Jing-Yuan; Lim, Tuti Mariana

2017-09-01

Activated carbon (AC) with high surface area (1901 m2 g-1) is synthesized from low cost bio-waste orange (Citrus sinensis) peel for vanadium redox flow battery (VRB). The composition, structure and electrochemical properties of orange peel derived AC (OP-AC) are characterized by elemental analyzer, field emission-scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. CV results show that OP-AC coated bipolar plate demonstrates improved electro-catalytic activity in both positive and negative side redox couples than the pristine bipolar plate electrode and this is ascribed to the high surface area of OP-AC which provides effective electrode area and better contact between the porous electrode and bipolar plate. Consequently, the performance of VRB in a static cell shows higher energy efficiency for OP-AC electrode than the pristine electrode at all current densities tested. The results suggest the OP-AC to be a promising electrode for VRB applications and can be incorporated into making conducting plastics electrode to lower the VRB cell stack weight and cost.

Numerical investigations of potential systematic uncertainties in iron opacity measurements at solar interior temperatures

DOE PAGES

Nagayama, T.; Bailey, J. E.; Loisel, G. P.; ...

2017-06-26

Iron opacity calculations presently disagree with measurements at an electron temperature of ~180–195 eV and an electron density of (2–4)×10 22cm –3, conditions similar to those at the base of the solar convection zone. The measurements use x rays to volumetrically heat a thin iron sample that is tamped with low-Z materials. The opacity is inferred from spectrally resolved x-ray transmission measurements. Plasma self-emission, tamper attenuation, and temporal and spatial gradients can all potentially cause systematic errors in the measured opacity spectra. In this article we quantitatively evaluate these potential errors with numerical investigations. The analysis exploits computer simulations thatmore » were previously found to reproduce the experimentally measured plasma conditions. The simulations, combined with a spectral synthesis model, enable evaluations of individual and combined potential errors in order to estimate their potential effects on the opacity measurement. Lastly, the results show that the errors considered here do not account for the previously observed model-data discrepancies.« less

Predicting Rosseland mean opacities of Aluminum using a difference converging method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Weiguo; Fan, Zhixiang; Zhang, Yi; Fu, Jia; Hu, Shide; Zhang, Lulu; Fan, Qunchao

2018-01-01

A difference converging method for opacity (DCMo) calculation is suggested to predict opacities and transmissions of metal plasmas at other photon energies that were not measured. The applications of the DCMo to the opacity and transmission calculations of Aluminum plasmas, in the spectral range of 73.5eV ≤ hν ≤ 245eV with Te = 20eV, and of 1475eV ≤ hν ≤ 1540eV with Te = 19eV, show that: 1) the DCMo correctly reproduce all important absorption structures of the Al plasmas and their corresponding intensities; 2) the agreement between the experimental and the DCMo transmissions is notably better than that between the experimental and some other computational transmissions like the ones obtained using OPAL and ATOMIC models.

Final screening round of the NELSON lung cancer screening trial: the effect of a 2.5-year screening interval.

PubMed

Yousaf-Khan, Uraujh; van der Aalst, Carlijn; de Jong, Pim A; Heuvelmans, Marjolein; Scholten, Ernst; Lammers, Jan-Willem; van Ooijen, Peter; Nackaerts, Kristiaan; Weenink, Carla; Groen, Harry; Vliegenthart, Rozemarijn; Ten Haaf, Kevin; Oudkerk, Matthijs; de Koning, Harry

2017-01-01

In the USA annual lung cancer screening is recommended. However, the optimal screening strategy (eg, screening interval, screening rounds) is unknown. This study provides results of the fourth screening round after a 2.5-year interval in the Dutch-Belgian Lung Cancer Screening trial (NELSON). Europe's largest, sufficiently powered randomised lung cancer screening trial was designed to determine whether low-dose CT screening reduces lung cancer mortality by ≥25% compared with no screening after 10 years of follow-up. The screening arm (n=7915) received screening at baseline, after 1 year, 2 years and 2.5 years. Performance of the NELSON screening strategy in the final fourth round was evaluated. Comparisons were made between lung cancers detected in the first three rounds, in the final round and during the 2.5-year interval. In round 4, 46 cancers were screen-detected and there were 28 interval cancers between the third and fourth screenings. Compared with the second round screening (1-year interval), in round 4 a higher proportion of stage IIIb/IV cancers (17.3% vs 6.8%, p=0.02) and higher proportions of squamous-cell, bronchoalveolar and small-cell carcinomas (p=0.001) were detected. Compared with a 2-year interval, the 2.5-year interval showed a higher non-significant stage distribution (stage IIIb/IV 17.3% vs 5.2%, p=0.10). Additionally, more interval cancers manifested in the 2.5-year interval than in the intervals of previous rounds (28 vs 5 and 28 vs 19). A 2.5-year interval reduced the effect of screening: the interval cancer rate was higher compared with the 1-year and 2-year intervals, and proportion of advanced disease stage in the final round was higher compared with the previous rounds. ISRCTN63545820. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Round cell sarcomas beyond Ewing: emerging entities.

PubMed

Antonescu, Cristina

2014-01-01

Primitive small blue round cell tumours (SBRCT) of childhood and young adults have been problematic to diagnose and classify. Diagnosis is also complicated in cases with atypical morphology, aberrant immunoprofiles and unusual clinical presentations. Even with the increased use of ancillary techniques in archival material, such as immunohistochemistry and molecular/genetic methods, a proportion of these tumours cannot be subclassified into specific histological types. A subset of tumours resembling microscopically the Ewing sarcoma family of tumours (EFT), being composed of primitive small round cells and occurring in paediatric or young adult age groups, remain unclassified, being negative for EWSR1, SS18(SYT), DDIT3(CHOP) and FOXO1(FKHR) gene rearrangements by FISH/RT-PCR. A small number of cases sharing the undifferentiated EFT appearance have been characterized recently carrying BCOR-CCNB3 or CIC-DUX4 fusions. However, based on the somewhat limited number of cases, it remains unclear if these newly defined genetic entities belong to any of the pre-existing clinicopathological disorders or represent altogether novel conditions. This review presents the latest molecular findings related to these SBRCTs, beyond the common EWSR1-ETS fusions. Specific attention has been paid to morphological features not associated typically with classic EFT, and the value of ancillary tests that can be applied when dealing with EWSR1-negative SBRCTs is discussed. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Desmoplastic small round cell tumor in children, adolescents and young adults].

PubMed

de Marcellus, Charles; Sarnacki, Sabine; Pierron, Gaëlle; Ranchère-Vince, Dominique; Scalabre, Aurélien; Bolle, Stéphanie; Minard-Colin, Véronique; Corradini, Nadège; Fayard, Cindy; Orbach, Daniel

2018-05-01

Desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma that typically affects pediatric and young adult patients with a median age in the general and in the pediatric population of 24.6 years (range 4-58 years) and 15.0 years (range 0-21 years) respectively, with a strong male predominance. This tumor is characterized by a specific t(11;22)(p13;q12) that results in fusion of EWS and WT1 genes which can be demonstrated by RT-PCR or by FISH. DSRCT most frequently presents as an intra-abdominal primary mass associated with peritoneal seeding and a highly aggressive pattern of spread. Generally, all tumors showed the typical histologic findings of variably sized clusters of poly-phenotypic small, round, or spindled cells lying in a desmoplastic stroma. Treatment of this malignancy remains a challenge. The combination of polychemotherapy regimens and aggressive surgery followed by whole abdomen radiation therapy represents nowadays a classical protocol for DSRCT. The survival rate of DSRCT patients is still disappointing around 20 %. However, the survival of patients who had complete resection of the tumor appears better. Hopes are turning to targeted therapeutics against this simple genomic sarcoma. Authors summarize medical knowledge of this rare tumor. Copyright © 2018 Société Française du Cancer. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Molecular clouds in galaxies with different Z - Fragmentation of diffuse clouds driven by opacity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franco, Jose; Cox, Donald P.

1986-01-01

Molecular clouds are formed from diffuse interstellar clouds when the external ultraviolet radiation field is prevented from penetrating into the cloud. The opacity is provided mainly by dust grains and the required column density to the cloud center is larger than about 5 x 10 to the 20th (solar Z/Z)/sq cm. This high-opacity criterion could have a significant impact on the radial trends observed in spiral galaxies, and on the distinctions between spiral and dwarf irregular galaxies.

Computational Design of Short Pulse Laser Driven Iron Opacity Measurements at Stellar-Relevant Conditions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, Madison E.

Opacity is a critical parameter in the simulation of radiation transport in systems such as inertial con nement fusion capsules and stars. The resolution of current disagreements between solar models and helioseismological observations would bene t from experimental validation of theoretical opacity models. Overall, short pulse laser heated iron experiments reaching stellar-relevant conditions have been designed with consideration of minimizing tamper emission and optical depth effects while meeting plasma condition and x-ray emission goals.

Free-free opacity in dense plasmas with an average atom model

DOE PAGES

Shaffer, Nathaniel R.; Ferris, Natalie G.; Colgan, James Patrick; ...

2017-02-28

A model for the free-free opacity of dense plasmas is presented. The model uses a previously developed average atom model, together with the Kubo-Greenwood model for optical conductivity. This, in turn, is used to calculate the opacity with the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations. Furthermore, comparisons to other methods for dense deuterium results in excellent agreement with DFT-MD simulations, and reasonable agreement with a simple Yukawa screening model corrected to satisfy the conductivity sum rule.

Free-free opacity in dense plasmas with an average atom model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaffer, Nathaniel R.; Ferris, Natalie G.; Colgan, James Patrick

A model for the free-free opacity of dense plasmas is presented. The model uses a previously developed average atom model, together with the Kubo-Greenwood model for optical conductivity. This, in turn, is used to calculate the opacity with the Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations. Furthermore, comparisons to other methods for dense deuterium results in excellent agreement with DFT-MD simulations, and reasonable agreement with a simple Yukawa screening model corrected to satisfy the conductivity sum rule.

New dust opacity maps from Viking IR thermal mapper data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, T. Z.; Richardson, M. I.

1992-01-01

Mapping of dust opacity of the Martian atmosphere, using the silicate-induced absorption of 9 micron radiation, was performed with the Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) data for several local dust storms and in a global sense. We present here the first results from an effort to extend the earlier mapping work to the period of the 1977b major storm, and to concentrate attention on the details of opacity behavior during the initial phases of the 1977a and b storms.

Non-LTE H2+ as the source of missing opacity in the solar atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swamy, K. S. K.; Stecher, T. P.

1974-01-01

The population of the various vibrational levels of the H2+ molecule has been calculated from the consideration of formation and destruction mechanisms. The resulting population is used in calculating the total absorption due to H2+ and is compared with the other known sources of opacity at several optical depths of the solar atmosphere. It is shown that the absorption due to H2+ can probably account for the missing ultraviolet opacity in the solar atmosphere.

40 CFR 63.1653 - Opacity standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Opacity standards. No owner or operator shall cause emissions exiting from a shop due solely to operations... during any performance test, with the following exceptions: (a) Visible particulate emissions from a shop...

A new model for Mars atmospheric dust based upon analysis of ultraviolet through infrared observations from Mariner 9, Viking, and Phobos

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clancy, R. T.; Lee, S. W.; Gladstone, G. R.; McMillan, W. W.; Rousch, T.

1995-01-01

We propose key modifications to the Toon et al. (1977) model of the particle size distribution and composition of Mars atmospheric dust, based on a variety of spacecraft and wavelength observations of the dust. A much broader (r(sub eff)variance-0.8 micron), smaller particle size (r(sub mode)-0.02 microns) distribution coupled with a "palagonite-like" composition is argued to fit the complete ultraviolet-to-30-micron absorption properties of the dust better than the montmorillonite-basalt r(sub eff)variance= 0.4 micron, r(sub mode)= 0.40 micron dust model of Toon et al. Mariner 9 (infrared interferometer spectrometer) IRIS spectra of high atmospheric dust opacities during the 1971 - 1972 Mars global dust storm are analyzed in terms of the Toon et al. dust model, and a Hawaiian palagonite sample with two different size distribution models incorporating smaller dust particle sizes. Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) emission-phase-function (EPF) observations at 9 microns are analyzed to retrieve 9-micron dust opacities coincident with solar band dust opacities obtained from the same EPF sequences. These EPF dust opacities provide an independent measurement of the visible/9-microns extinction opacity ratio (> or equal to 2) for Mars atmospheric dust, which is consistent with a previous measurement by Martin (1986). Model values for the visible/9-microns opacity ratio and the ultraviolet and visible single-scattering albedos are calculated for the palagonite model with the smaller particle size distributions and compared to the same properties for the Toon et al. model of dust. The montmorillonite model of the dust is found to fit the detailed shape of the dust 9-micron absorption well. However, it predicts structured, deep absorptions at 20 microns which are not observed and requires a separate ultraviolet-visible absorbing component to match the observed behavior of the dust in this wavelength region. The modeled palagonite does not match the 8- to 9-micron absorption presented by the dust in the IRIS spectra, probably due to its low SiO2 content (31%). However, it does provide consistent levels of ultraviolet/visible absorption, 9- to 12-micron absorption, and a lack of structured absorption at 20 microns. The ratios of dust extinction opacities at visible, 9 microns, and 30 microns are strongly affected by the dust particle size distribution. The Toon et al. dust size distribution (r(sub mode)= 0.40, r(sub eff)variance= 0.4 microns, r(sub cw mu)= 2.7 microns) predicts the correct ratio of the 9- to 30-micron opacity, but underpredicts the visible/9-micron opacity ratio considerably (1 versus > or equal to 2). A similar particle distribution width with smaller particle sizes (r(sub mode)= 0.17, r(sub eff)variance= 0.4 microns, r(sub cw mu)=1.2 microns) will fit the observed visible/9-micron opacity ratio, but overpredicts the observed 9-micron/30-micron opacity ratio. A smaller and much broader particle size distribution (r(sub mode)= 0.02, r(sub eff)variance= 0.8 microns, r(sub cw mu)= 1.8 microns) can fit both dust opacity ratios. Overall, the nanocrystalline structure of palagonite coupled with a smaller, broader distribution of dust particle sizes provides a more consistent fit than the Toon et al. model of the dust to the IRIS spectra, the observed visible/9-micron dust opacity ratio, the Phobos occultation measurements of dust particle sizes, and the weakness of surface near IR absorptions expected for clay minerals.

A new model for Mars atmospheric dust based upon analysis of ultraviolet through infrared observations from Mariner 9, Viking, and Phobos

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clancy, R. T.; Lee, S. W.; Gladstone, G. R.; Mcmillan, W. W.; Rousch, T.

1995-01-01

We propose key modifications to the Toon et al. (1977) model of the particle size distribution and composition of Mars atmospheric dust, based on a variety of spacecraft and wavelength observations of the dust. A much broader (r(sub eff) variance approximately 0.8 micrometers), smaller particle size (r(sub mode) approximately 0.02 micrometers) distribution coupled with a 'palagonite-like' composition is argued to fit the complete ultraviolet-to-30-micrometer absorption properties of the dust better than the montmorillonite-basalt, r(sub eff) variance = 0.4 micrometers, r(sub mode) = 0.40 dust model of Toon et al. Mariner 9 (infrared interferometer spectrometer) IRIS spectra of high atmospheric dust opacities during the 1971-1972 Mars global dust storm are analyzed in terms of the Toon et al. dust model, and a Hawaiian palagonite sample (Rousch et al., 1991) with two different size distribution models incorporating smaller dust particle sizes. Viking Infrared Thermal Mapper (IRTM) emmission-phase-function (EPF) observations at 9 micrometers are analyzed to retrieve 9-micrometer dust opacities coincident with solar band dust opacities obtained from the same EPF sequences (Clancy and Lee, 1991). These EPF dust opacities provide an independent measurement of the visible/9-micrometer extinction opacity ratio (greater than or = 2) for Mars atmospheric dust, which is consistent with a previous measurement by Martin (1986). Model values for the visible/9-micrometer opacity ratio and the ultraviolet and visible single-scattering albedos are calculated for the palagonite model with the smaller particle size distributions compared to the same properties for the Toon et al. model of dust. The montmorillonite model of the dust is found to fit the detailed shape of the dust 9-micrometer absorption well. However, it predicts structured, deep aborptions at 20 micrometers which are not observed and requires a separate ultraviolet-visible absorbing component to match the observed behavior of the dust in this wavelength region. The modeled palagonite does not match the 8-to 9-micrometer absorption presented by the dust in the IRIS spectra, probably due to its low SiO2 content (31%). However, it does provide consistent levels of ultraviolet/visible absorption, 9-to 12-micrometer absorption, and a lack of structured absorption at 20 micrometers. The ratios of dust extinction opacities at visible, 9 micrometers, and 30 micrometers are strongly affected by the dust particle size distribution. The Toon et al. dust size distribution (r(sub mode) = 0.40,r(sub eff) variance = 0.4 micrometers, r(sub cwmu) = 2.7 micrometers) predicts the correct ratio of the 9- to 30-micrometer opacity, but underpredicts the visible/9-micrometer opacity ratio considerably (1 versus greater than or = 2). A similar particle distribution width with smaller particle sizes (r(sub mode) = 0.17, r(sub eff) variance = 0.4 micrometers, r(sub cwmu) = 1.2 micrometers) will fit the observed visible/9-micrometer opacity ratio, but overpredicts the observed 9-micrometer/30-micrometer opacity ratio. A smaller and much broader particle size distribution (r(sub mode) = 0.002, r(sub eff) variance = 0.8 micrometers, r(sub cwmu) = 1.8 micrometers) can fit both dust opacity ratios. Overall, the nanocrystalline structure of palagonite coupled with a smaller, broader distribution of dust particle sizes provides a more consistent fit than the Toon et al. model of the dust to the IRIS spectra, the observed visible/9-micrometer dust opacity ratio, the Phobos occulation measurements of the dust particle sizes (Chassefiere et al., 1992), and the weakness of surface near IR absorptions expected for clay minerals (Clark, 1992; Bell and Crisp, 1993).

Diagnostic utility of cyclin D1 in the diagnosis of small round blue cell tumors in children and adolescents.

PubMed

Magro, Gaetano; Salvatorelli, Lucia; Alaggio, Rita; D'Agata, Velia; Nicoletti, Ferdinando; Di Cataldo, Andrea; Parenti, Rosalba

2017-02-01

Small round blue cell tumors (SRBCTs) of children and adolescents are often diagnostically challenging lesions. With the increasing diagnostic approach based on small biopsies, there is the need of specific immunomarkers that can help in the differential diagnosis among the different tumor histotypes to assure the patient a correct diagnosis for proper treatment. Based on our recent studies showing cyclin D1 overexpression in both Ewing sarcoma/primitive peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (EWS/pPNET) and peripheral neuroblastic tumors (neuroblastoma and ganglioneuroblastoma), we immunohistochemically assessed cyclin D1 immunoreactivity in 128 cases of SRBCTs in children and adolescents to establish its potential utility in the differential diagnosis. All cases of EWS/pPNET and the undifferentiated/poorly differentiated neuroblastomatous component of all peripheral neuroblastic tumors exhibited strong and diffuse nuclear staining (>50% of neoplastic cells) for cyclin D1. In contrast, this marker was absent from rhabdomyosarcoma (regardless of subtype) and lymphoblastic lymphoma (either B- or T-cell precursors), whereas it was only focally detected (<5% of neoplastic cells) in some cases of Wilms tumor (blastemal component) and desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Our findings suggest that cyclin D1 can be exploitable as a diagnostic adjunct to conventional markers in confirming the diagnosis of EWS/pPNET or neuroblastoma/ganglioneuroblastoma. Its use in routine practice may also be helpful for those cases of SRBCT with undifferentiated morphology that are difficult to diagnose after application of the conventional markers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Model Stellar Atmospheres and Real Stellar Atmospheres and Status of the ATLAS12 Opacity Sampling Program and of New Programs for Rosseland and for Distribution Function Opacity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurucz, Robert L.

1996-01-01

I discuss errors in theory and in interpreting observations that are produced by the failure to consider resolution in space, time, and energy. I discuss convection in stellar model atmospheres and in stars. Large errors in abundances are possible such as the factor of ten error in the Li abundance for extreme Population II stars. Finally I discuss the variation of microturbulent velocity with depth, effective temperature, gravity, and abundance. These variations must be dealt with in computing models and grids and in any type of photometric calibration. I have also developed a new opacity-sampling version of my model atmosphere program called ATLAS12. It recognizes more than 1000 atomic and molecular species, each in up to 10 isotopic forms. It can treat all ions of the elements up through Zn and the first 5 ions of heavier elements up through Es. The elemental and isotopic abundances are treated as variables with depth. The fluxes predicted by ATLAS12 are not accurate in intermediate or narrow bandpass intervals because the sample size is too small. A special stripped version of the spectrum synthesis program SYNTHE is used to generate the surface flux for the converged model using the line data on CD-ROMs 1 and 15. ATLAS12 can be used to produce improved models for Am and Ap stars. It should be very useful for investigating diffusion effects in atmospheres. It can be used to model exciting stars for H II regions with abundances consistent with those of the H II region. These programs and line files will be distributed on CD-ROMs.

[Leiomyoma of the small bowel with hypercalcaemia: presence of a substance with parathormone activity (author's transl)].

PubMed

Rathaus, M; Bernheim, J L; Griffel, B; Bernheim, J; Taragan, R; Gutman, A

1979-10-22

A leiomyoma of the small bowel produced laboratory features of hyperparathyroidism which disappeared promptly after tumour resection. Hypercalcaemia, hypophosphatemia, hyperchloremia, elevated chloride/phosphorus ratio, increased urinary cyclic AMP, and blood levels of immunoreactive parathormone were present. Electron microscopy showed dense round granules in the tumour cells.

Significant partial response of metastatic intra-abdominal and pelvic round cell liposarcoma to a small-molecule VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor apatinib: A case report.

PubMed

Dong, Min; Bi, Jingwang; Liu, Xiaohong; Wang, Baocheng; Wang, Jun

2016-08-01

Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a limited efficacy for treating advanced myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, with relatively serious side effects. We herein present a 68-year-old Chinese woman initially diagnosed with advanced multiple intra-abdominal and pelvic round cell liposarcoma.She refused to receive cytotoxic chemotherapy and received apatinib as the first-line therapy, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 that has been used in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastric cancer who progressed with 2 or more chemotherapy regimens. This patient was partially responsive to apatinib with a dose of 500 mg daily. No serious drug-related side effects were observed. Our findings indicate that some cases of liposarcoma may be responsive to antiangiogenic agent apatinib. Randomized clinical studies are needed to further confirm the efficacy and safety of apatinib in the clinical treatment of liposarcoma.

Capsule implosions for continuum x-ray backlighting of opacity samples at the National Ignition Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Opachich, Y. P.; Heeter, R. F.; Barrios, M. A.; Garcia, E. M.; Craxton, R. S.; King, J. A.; Liedahl, D. A.; McKenty, P. W.; Schneider, M. B.; May, M. J.; Zhang, R.; Ross, P. W.; Kline, J. L.; Moore, A. S.; Weaver, J. L.; Flippo, K. A.; Perry, T. S.

2017-06-01

Direct drive implosions of plastic capsules have been performed at the National Ignition Facility to provide a broad-spectrum (500-2000 eV) X-ray continuum source for X-ray transmission spectroscopy. The source was developed for the high-temperature plasma opacity experimental platform. Initial experiments using 2.0 mm diameter polyalpha-methyl styrene capsules with ˜20 μm thickness have been performed. X-ray yields of up to ˜1 kJ/sr have been measured using the Dante multichannel diode array. The backlighter source size was measured to be ˜100 μm FWHM, with ˜350 ps pulse duration during the peak emission stage. Results are used to simulate transmission spectra for a hypothetical iron opacity sample at 150 eV, enabling the derivation of photometrics requirements for future opacity experiments.

Physical and Chemical Processes Opacity Project: an Overview and Some Preliminary Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendoza, C.

1990-11-01

RESUMEN. El Proyecto de la Opacidad es un esfuerzo internacional dedicado a calcular con precisi6n la gran cantidad de datos at6micos que se necesitan para estimar opacidades en los envolventes estelares. Describimos el panorama general del proyecto incluyendo aspectos astrofisicos, flsico-at6micos y computacionales. El volumen y calidad de los datos que se estan generando se puede apreciar en los resultados preliminares que se presentan. ABSTRACT The Opacity Project is an international effort dedicated to the calculation of the vast, accurate, atomic data required to estimate stellar envelope opacities. We give an overview of the project including astrophysical, atomic-physical and computational aspects. The volume and quality of the data which are being generated can be appreciated in the preliminary results that are presented. }% words: ATOMIC PROCESSES - OPACITIES - STARS-INThRIORS

Night and Day: The Opacity of Clouds Measured by the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neumann, G. A.; Wilson, R. J.

2006-01-01

The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) [l] on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft ranged to clouds over the course of nearly two Mars years [2] using an active laser ranging system. While ranging to the surface, the instrument was also able to measure the product of the surface reflectivity with the two-way atmospheric transmission at 1064 nm. Furthermore, the reflectivity has now been mapped over seasonal cycles using the passive radiometric capability built into MOLA [3]. Combining these measurements, the column opacity may be inferred. MOLA uniquely provides these measurements both night and day. This study examines the pronounced nighttime opacity of the aphelion season tropical water ice clouds, and the indiscernibly low opacity of the southern polar winter clouds. The water ice clouds (Figure 1) do not themselves trigger the altimeter but have measured opacities tau > 1.5 and are temporally and spatially correlated with temperature anomalies predicted by a Mars Global Circulation Model (MGCM) that incorporates cloud radiative effects [4]. The south polar CO2 ice clouds trigger the altimeter with a very high backscatter cross-section over a thickness of 3-9 m and are vertically dispersed over several km, but their total column opacities lie well below the MOLA measurement limit of tau = 0.7. These clouds correspond to regions of supercooled atmosphere that may form either very large specularly reflecting particles [2] or very compact, dense concentrations (>5x10(exp 6)/cu m) of 100-p particles

Light Scattering by Fractal Dust Aggregates. II. Opacity and Asymmetry Parameter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tazaki, Ryo; Tanaka, Hidekazu

2018-06-01

Optical properties of dust aggregates are important at various astrophysical environments. To find a reliable approximation method for optical properties of dust aggregates, we calculate the opacity and the asymmetry parameter of dust aggregates by using a rigorous numerical method, the T-Matrix Method, and then the results are compared to those obtained by approximate methods: the Rayleigh–Gans–Debye (RGD) theory, the effective medium theory (EMT), and the distribution of hollow spheres method (DHS). First of all, we confirm that the RGD theory breaks down when multiple scattering is important. In addition, we find that both EMT and DHS fail to reproduce the optical properties of dust aggregates with fractal dimensions of 2 when the incident wavelength is shorter than the aggregate radius. In order to solve these problems, we test the mean field theory (MFT), where multiple scattering can be taken into account. We show that the extinction opacity of dust aggregates can be well reproduced by MFT. However, it is also shown that MFT is not able to reproduce the scattering and absorption opacities when multiple scattering is important. We successfully resolve this weak point of MFT, by newly developing a modified mean field theory (MMF). Hence, we conclude that MMF can be a useful tool to investigate radiative transfer properties of various astrophysical environments. We also point out an enhancement of the absorption opacity of dust aggregates in the Rayleigh domain, which would be important to explain the large millimeter-wave opacity inferred from observations of protoplanetary disks.

Tamper asymmetry and its effect on transmission for x-ray driven opacity simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morris, H. E.; Tregillis, I. L.; Hoffman, N. M.; Sherrill, M. E.; Fontes, C. J.; Marshall, A. J.; Urbatsch, T. J.; Bradley, P. A.

2017-09-01

This paper reports on synthetic transmission results from Lasnex [Zimmerman and Kruer, Comments Plasma Phys. 2, 51 (1975)] radiation-hydrodynamics simulations of opacity experiments carried out at Sandia National Laboratories' recently upgraded ZR facility. The focus is on experiments utilizing disk targets composed of a half-moon Fe/Mg mixture tamped on either end with 10-μm CH and an additional 35-μm beryllium tamper accessory on the end facing the spectrometer. Five x-ray sources with peak power ranging from 10 to 24 TW were used in the simulations to heat and backlight the opacity target. The dominant effect is that the beryllium behind the Fe/Mg mixture is denser and more opaque than the beryllium unshielded by metal during the times of greatest importance for the transmission measurement for all drives. This causes the simulated transmission to be lower than expected, and this is most pronounced for the case using the lowest drive power. While beryllium has a low opacity, its areal density is sufficiently high such that the expected reduction of the measured transmission is significant. This situation leads to an overestimate of iron opacity by 10%-215% for a photon energy range of 975-1775 eV for the 10-TW case. It is shown that if the tamper conditions are known, the transmission through each component of the target can be calculated and the resulting opacity can be corrected.

Corneal Opacity in Domestic Ducks Experimentally Infected With H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus.

PubMed

Yamamoto, Y; Nakamura, K; Yamada, M; Mase, M

2016-01-01

Domestic ducks can be a key factor in the regional spread of H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus in Asia. The authors performed experimental infections to examine the relationship between corneal opacity and H5N1 HPAI virus infection in domestic ducks (Anas platyrhyncha var domestica). A total of 99 domestic ducks, including 3 control birds, were used in the study. In experiment 1, when domestic ducks were inoculated intranasally with 2 H5N1 HPAI viruses, corneal opacity appeared more frequently than neurologic signs and mortality. Corneal ulceration and exophthalmos were rare findings. Histopathologic examinations of the eyes of domestic ducks in experiment 2 revealed that corneal opacity was due to the loss of corneal endothelial cells and subsequent keratitis with edema. Influenza viral antigen was detected in corneal endothelial cells and some other ocular cells by immunohistochemistry. Results suggest that corneal opacity is a characteristic and frequent finding in domestic ducks infected with the H5N1 HPAI virus. Confirming this ocular change may improve the detection rate of infected domestic ducks in the field. © The Author(s) 2015.

Detailed opacity calculations for stellar models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pain, Jean-Christophe; Gilleron, Franck

2016-10-01

We present a state of the art of precise spectral opacity calculations illustrated by stellar applications. The essential role of laboratory experiments to check the quality of the computed data is underlined. We review some X-ray and XUV laser and Z-pinch photo-absorption measurements as well as X-ray emission spectroscopy experiments of hot dense plasmas produced by ultra-high-intensity laser interaction. The measured spectra are systematically compared with the fine-structure opacity code SCO-RCG. Focus is put on iron, due to its crucial role in the understanding of asteroseismic observations of Beta Cephei-type and Slowly Pulsating B stars, as well as in the Sun. For instance, in Beta Cephei-type stars (which should not be confused with Cepheid variables), the iron-group opacity peak excites acoustic modes through the kappa-mechanism. A particular attention is paid to the higher-than-predicted iron opacity measured on Sandia's Z facility at solar interior conditions (boundary of the convective zone). We discuss some theoretical aspects such as orbital relaxation, electron collisional broadening, ionic Stark effect, oscillator-strength sum rules, photo-ionization, or the ``filling-the-gap'' effect of highly excited states.

Opacity Variations in the Ionized Absorption in NGC 3783: A Compact Absorber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krongold, Y.; Nicastro, F.; Brickhouse, N. S.; Elvis, M.; Mathur, S.

2005-04-01

We show that the Fe VII-Fe XII M-shell unresolved transition array (UTA) in the Chandra HETGS observation of NGC 3783 (900 ks) clearly changes in opacity on a timescale of 31 days, responding to a factor of ~2 change in the ionizing continuum. The opacity variation is observed at a level >10 σ. There is also evidence for variability in the O VI K edge (at ~3 σ). The observed changes are consistent with the gas producing these absorption features (i.e., the low-ionization component) being close to photoionization equilibrium. The gas responsible for the Fe XVII-Fe XXII L-shell absorption (i.e., the high-ionization component) does not seem to be responding as expected in photoionization equilibrium. The observed change in opacity for the UTA implies a density >1×104 cm-3, thus locating the gas within 6 pc of the X-ray source. The scenario in which the gas is composed of a continuous radial range of ionization structures is ruled out, as in such scenario, no opacity variations are expected. Rather, the structure of the absorber is likely composed of heavily clumped gas.

40 CFR 63.1653 - Opacity standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Silicomanganese § 63.1653 Opacity standards. No owner or operator shall cause emissions exiting from a shop due... particulate emissions from a shop due solely to operation of a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, may exceed...

40 CFR 63.1653 - Opacity standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Silicomanganese § 63.1653 Opacity standards. No owner or operator shall cause emissions exiting from a shop due... particulate emissions from a shop due solely to operation of a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, may exceed...

40 CFR 63.1653 - Opacity standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Silicomanganese § 63.1653 Opacity standards. No owner or operator shall cause emissions exiting from a shop due... particulate emissions from a shop due solely to operation of a semi-closed submerged arc furnace, may exceed...

[The "light" water effect on lenticular opacity development in mice after repeated low dose gamma-irradiation].

PubMed

Abrosimova, A N; Rakov, D V; Siniak, Iu E

2009-01-01

Action of "light" water with reduced quantities of heavy stable hydrogen and 18O ions on incidence and progress of lenticular opacity was studied in gamma-irradiated mice (60Co, 1.0 Gy). The animals were subjected to electroophthalmoscopy regularly till end of life time. The observation showed that chronic intake of "light" water safeguarded the irradiated mice against lenticular opacity. The experimental data indicate that "light" water strengthens the general body resistance as well as slows down aging of mammals.

Metal Hydride and Alkali Halide Opacities in Extrasolar Giant Planets and Cool Stellar Atmospheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weck, Philippe F.; Stancil, Phillip C.; Kirby, Kate; Schweitzer, Andreas; Hauschildt, Peter H.

2006-01-01

The lack of accurate and complete molecular line and continuum opacity data has been a serious limitation to developing atmospheric models of cool stars and Extrasolar Giant Planets (EGPs). We report our recent calculations of molecular opacities resulting from the presence of metal hydrides and alkali halides. The resulting data have been included in the PHOENIX stellar atmosphere code (Hauschildt & Baron 1999). The new models, calculated using spherical geometry for all gravities considered, also incorporate our latest database of nearly 670 million molecular lines, and updated equations of state.

[Exposure to Saccharopolyspora rectivirgula among cattle breeders in the province of Reggio Emilia and the risk of extrinsic allergic alveolitis (farmer's lung)].

PubMed

Ferri, F; Dottori, M; Bedogni, Lorena; Perini, S; Ligabue, M

2003-01-01

Nearly 2.350 dairy farms (and 137.000 milk cows) are located in the province of Reggio Emilia, Italy, to produce the famous Parmigiano-Reggiano" cheese. Feeding is hay-based both in the cold season and (together with grazing) in the warm season. This requires a large production of hay and frequent handling by the farmers. Hay is packed in large cylindrical bales, "round bales" (nearly 2.41 m3), or, rarely, in traditional small prisms-shaped bales (about 0.15 m3), only used on small farms. We estimated there were 6.000-9.000 the workers exposed to hay dust. The risks for the farmer's health due to the hay dust exposure are well known; in particular Farmer's Lung disease (FL) is rather frequent in this Region (1.5%-3.0% among people exposed). We studied hay and air pollution by Saccharopolyspora Rectivirgula (SR) in relation to these two different hay-packing techniques (hay dried in the open air) both in flat and in hilly areas. On 56 cattle-farms, hay and air samples were collected and analyzed using a six-stage Andersen sampler and a sedimentation chamber (SC) for hay samples with plastic Petri dishes containing culture medium. Round bales were richer in SR spores than the small prism-shaped bales (n = 37, mean = 6.20 logn ufc/m3 in SC, ds: 3.87 vs n = 15, mean = 2.40 logn ufc/m3 in SC; ds: 4.16) and they seem to produce higher air pollution (n = 30, mean = 5.30 logn ufc/m3; ds: 3.71 vs n = 15, mean = 2.32 logn ufc/m3; ds: 2.99). In hilly areas the pollution produced by round bales (in hay and air) was higher than in flat areas. On the contrary hay from small bales produced in hilly areas was poorest in SR spores. An heavy exposure to actinomycetes spores, therefore, comes from "round bales" hay handling, especially when the bales are produced in mountain areas. New drying systems, probably, can reduce this risk and raise hay quality.

Using pebble lithology and roundness to interpret gravel provenance in piedmont fluvial systems of the Rocky Mountains, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lindsey, D.A.; Langer, W.H.; Van Gosen, B. S.

2007-01-01

Clast populations in piedmont fluvial systems are products of complex histories that complicate provenance interpretation. Although pebble counts of lithology are widely used, the information provided by a pebble count has been filtered by a potentially large number of processes and circumstances. Counts of pebble lithology and roundness together offer more power than lithology alone for the interpretation of provenance. In this study we analyze pebble counts of lithology and roundness in two contrasting fluvial systems of Pleistocene age to see how provenance varies with drainage size. The two systems are 1) a group of small high-gradient incised streams that formed alluvial fans and terraces and 2) a piedmont river that formed terraces in response to climate-driven cycles of aggradation and incision. We first analyze the data from these systems within their geographic and geologic context. After this is done, we employ contingency table analysis to complete the interpretation of pebble provenance. Small tributary streams that drain rugged mountains on both sides of the Santa Cruz River, southeast Arizona, deposited gravel in fan and terrace deposits of Pleistocene age. Volcanic, plutonic and, to a lesser extent, sedimentary rocks are the predominant pebble lithologies. Large contrasts in gravel lithology are evident among adjacent fans. Subangular to subrounded pebbles predominate. Contingency table analysis shows that hard volcanic rocks tend to remain angular and, even though transport distances have been short, soft tuff and sedimentary rocks tend to become rounded. The Wind River, a major piedmont stream in Wyoming, drains rugged mountains surrounding the northwest part of the Wind River basin. Under the influence of climate change and glaciation during the Pleistocene, the river deposited an extensive series of terrace gravels. In contrast to Santa Cruz tributary gravel, most of the Wind River gravel is relatively homogenous in lithology and is rounded to well-rounded. Detailed analysis reveals a multitude of sources in the headwaters and the basin itself, but lithologies from these sources are combined downstream. Well-rounded volcanic and recycled quartzite clasts were derived from the headwaters. Precambrian igneous and metamorphic clasts were brought down tributary valleys to the Wind River by glaciers, and sandstone was added where the river enters the Wind River structural basin.

Peering Through the Muck: Notes on the the Influence of the Galactic Interstellar Medium on Extragalactic Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lockman, Felix J.

This paper considers some effects of foreground Galactic gas on radiation received from extragalactic objects, with an emphasis on the use of the 21cm line to determine the total N(HI). In general, the opacity of the 21cm line makes it impossible to derive an accurate value of N(HI) by simply applying a formula to the observed emission, except in directions where there is very little interstellar matter. The 21cm line can be used to estimate the likelihood that there is significant molecular hydrogen in a particular direction, but carries little or no information on the amount of ionized gas, which can be a major source of foreground effects. Considerable discussion is devoted to the importance of small-scale angular structure in HI, with the conclusion that it will rarely contribute significantly to the total error compared to other factors (such as the effects of ionized gas) for extragalactic sight lines at high Galactic latitude. The direction of the Hubble/Chandra Deep Field North is used as an example of the complexities that might occur even in the absence of opacity or molecular gas.

Infrared Spectroscopic Studies of the Properties of Dust in the Ejecta of Galactic Oxygen-Rich Asymptotic Giant Branch Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sargent, Benjamin A.; Srinivasan, Sundar; Kastner, Joel; Meixner, Margaret; Riley, Allyssa

2018-06-01

We are conducting a series of infrared studies of large samples of mass-losing asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars to explore the relationship between the composition of evolved star ejecta and host galaxy metallicity. Our previous studies focused on mass loss from evolved stars in the relatively low-metallicity Large and Small Magellanic Clouds. In our present study, we analyze dust in the mass-losing envelopes of AGB stars in the Galaxy, with special focus on the ejecta of oxygen-rich (O-rich) AGB stars. We have constructed detailed dust opacity models of AGB stars in the Galaxy for which we have infrared spectra from, e.g., the Spitzer Space Telescope Infrared Spectrograph (IRS). This detailed modeling of dust features in IRS spectra informs our choice of dust properties to use in radiative transfer modeling of the broadband SEDs of Bulge AGB stars. We investigate the effects of dust grain composition, size, shape, etc. on the AGB stars' infrared spectra, studying both the silicate dust and the opacity source(s) commonly attributed to alumina (Al2O3). BAS acknowledges funding from NASA ADAP grant 80NSSC17K0057.

Highly Flexible, Multipixelated Thermosensitive Smart Windows Made of Tough Hydrogels.

PubMed

La, Thanh-Giang; Li, Xinda; Kumar, Amit; Fu, Yiyang; Yang, Shu; Chung, Hyun-Joong

2017-09-27

In a cold night, a clear window that will become opaque while retaining the indoor heat is highly desirable for both privacy and energy efficiency. A thermally responsive material that controls both the transmittance of solar radiance (predominantly in the visible and near-infrared wavelengths) and blackbody radiation (mainly in the mid-infrared) can realize such windows with minimal energy consumption. Here, we report a smart coating made from polyampholyte hydrogel (PAH) that transforms from a transparency state to opacity to visible radiation and strengthens opacity to mid-infrared when lowering the temperature as a result of phase separation between the water-rich and polymer-rich phases. To match a typical temperature fluctuation during the day, we fine-tune the phase transition temperature between 25 and 55 °C by introducing a small amount of relatively hydrophobic monomers (0.1 to 0.5 wt % to PAH). To further demonstrate an actively controlled, highly flexible, and high-contrast smart window, we build in an array of electric heaters made of printed elastomeric composite. The multipixelated window offers rapid switching, ∼70 s per cycle, whereas the device can withstand high strain (up to 80%) during operations.

Dental caries and developmental defects of enamel in relation to fluoride levels in drinking water in an arid area of Sri Lanka.

PubMed

Ekanayake, L; van der Hoek, W

2002-01-01

The study was conducted to assess caries and developmental defects of enamel in relation to fluoride levels in drinking water and the association between caries experience and the severity of diffuse opacities in children living in Uda Walawe, an area with varying concentrations of fluoride in drinking water in Sri Lanka. A total of 518 14-year-old children who were lifelong residents in this area were examined for dental caries and developmental defects of enamel. But the present analysis is confined to 486 children from whom drinking water samples were collected. The prevalence of enamel defects and diffuse opacities ranged from 27 to 57% while the prevalence of caries ranged from 18 to 29% in the different fluoride exposure groups. The prevalence of enamel defects increased significantly with the increase in the fluoride level in drinking water. Both the caries prevalence and the mean caries experience were significantly higher in children with diffuse opacities than in those without in the group consuming water containing >0.70 mg/l of fluoride. The association between dental caries and the severity of diffuse opacities was also significant only in this group. Children with the mildest form of opacities (DDE scores 3 and 4) had the lowest DMFS (0.25 +/- 0.7), and the highest DMFS (1.1 +/- 1.7) was found in those with the most severe form of opacities (DDE score 6). In conclusion, the relationship that was observed in this study between fluoride levels in drinking water, diffuse opacities and caries suggests that the appropriate level of fluoride in drinking water for arid areas of Sri Lanka is around 0.3 mg/l. Also individuals with severe forms of enamel defects in high-fluoride areas are susceptible to dental caries. Copyright 2002 S. Karger AG, Basel

Evaluation of low-contrast perceptibility in dental restorative materials under the influence of ambient light conditions

PubMed Central

Lobo, I C; Lemos, A L B; Aguiar, M F

2015-01-01

Objectives: This study aimed to assess how details on dental restorative composites with different radio-opacities are perceived under the influence of ambient light. Methods: Resin composite step wedges (six steps, each 1-mm thick) were custom manufactured from three materials, respectively: (M1) Filtek™ Z350 (3M/ESPE, Saint Paul, MN); (M2) Prisma AP.H™ (Dentsply International Inc., Brazil) and (M3) Glacier® (SDI Limited, Victoria, Australia). Each step of the manufactured wedge received three standardized drillings of different diameters and depths. An aluminium (Al) step wedge with 12 steps (1-mm thick) was used as an internal standard to calculate the radio-opacity as pixel intensity values. Standardized digital images of the set were obtained, and 11 observers independently recorded the images, noting the number of noticeable details (drillings) under 2 dissimilar conditions: in a light environment (light was turned on in the room) and in low-light conditions (light in the room was turned off). The differences between images in terms of the number of details that were observed were statistically compared using ANOVA, Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Wilcoxon and Kruskal–Wallis tests, with a significance level setting of 5% (α = 0.05). Results: The M2 showed higher radio-opacity, the M1 displayed intermediate radio-opacity and the M3 showed lower radio-opacity, respectively; however, all three were without significance (p > 0.05) compared with each other. The differences in radio-opacity resulted in a significant variation (p < 0.05) in the number of noticeable details in the image, which were influenced by characteristics of details, in addition to the ambient-light level. Conclusions: The radio-opacity of materials and ambient light can affect the perception of details in digital radiographic images. PMID:25629721

First-principles opacity table of warm dense deuterium for inertial-confinement-fusion applications.

PubMed

Hu, S X; Collins, L A; Goncharov, V N; Boehly, T R; Epstein, R; McCrory, R L; Skupsky, S

2014-09-01

Accurate knowledge of the optical properties of a warm dense deuterium-tritium (DT) mixture is important for reliable design of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) implosions using radiation-hydrodynamics simulations. The opacity of a warm dense DT shell essentially determines how much radiation from hot coronal plasmas can be deposited in the DT fuel of an imploding capsule. Even for the simplest species of hydrogen, the accurate calculation of their opacities remains a challenge in the warm-dense matter regime because strong-coupling and quantum effects play an important role in such plasmas. With quantum-molecular-dynamics (QMD) simulations, we have derived a first-principles opacity table (FPOT) of deuterium (and the DT mixture by mass scaling) for a wide range of densities from ρ(D)=0.5 to 673.518g/cm(3) and temperatures from T=5000K up to the Fermi temperature T(F) for each density. Compared with results from the astrophysics opacity table (AOT) currently used in our hydrocodes, the FPOT of deuterium from our QMD calculations has shown a significant increase in opacity for strongly coupled and degenerate plasma conditions by a factor of 3-100 in the ICF-relevant photon-energy range. As conditions approach those of classical plasma, the opacity from the FPOT converges to the corresponding values of the AOT. By implementing the FPOT of deuterium and the DT mixture into our hydrocodes, we have performed radiation-hydrodynamics simulations for low-adiabat cryogenic DT implosions on the OMEGA laser and for direct-drive-ignition designs for the National Ignition Facility. The simulation results using the FPOT show that the target performance (in terms of neutron yield and energy gain) could vary from ∼10% up to a factor of ∼2 depending on the adiabat of the imploding DT capsule; the lower the adiabat, the more variation is seen in the prediction of target performance when compared to the AOT modeling.

Detection of artificial air space opacities with digital radiography: ex vivo study on enhanced latitude post-processing.

PubMed

Biederer, J; Bolte, H; Schmidt, T; Charalambous, N; Both, M; Kopp, U; Hoffmann, B; Freitag-Wolf, S; Van Metter, R; Heller, M

2010-03-01

To evaluate in a.-p. digital chest radiograms of an ex vivo system if increased latitude and enhanced image detail contrast (EVP) improve the accuracy of detecting artificial air space opacities in parts of the lung that are superimposed by the diaphragm. 19 porcine lungs were inflated inside a chest phantom, prepared with 20-50 ml gelatin-stabilized liquid to generate alveolar air space opacities, and examined with direct radiography (3.0 × 2.5 k detector/ 125 kVp/ 4 mAs). 276 a.-p. images with and without EVP of 1.0-3.0 were presented to 6 observers. 8 regions were read for opacities, the reference was defined by CT. Statistics included sensitivity/specificity, interobserver variability, and calculation of Az (area under ROC curve). Behind the diaphragm (opacities in 32/92 regions), the median sensitivity increased from 0.35 without EVP to 0.53-0.56 at EVP 1.5-3.0 (significant in 5/6 observers). The specificity decreased from 0.96 to 0.90 (significant in 6/6), and the Az value and interobserver correlation increased from 0.66 to 0.74 and 0.39 to 0.48, respectively. Above the diaphragm, the median sensitivity for artificial opacities (136/276 regions) increased from 0.71 to 0.77-0.82 with EVP (significant in 4/6 observers). The specificity and Az value decreased from 0.76 to 0.62 and 0.74 to 0.70, respectively, (significant in 3/6). In this ex vivo experiment, EVP improved the diagnostic accuracy for artificial air space opacities in the superimposed parts of the lung (area under the ROC curve). Above the diaphragm, the accuracy was not affected due to a tradeoff in sensitivity/specificity. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

An Empirical Determination of the Intergalactic Background Light Using Near-Infrared Deep Galaxy Survey Data Out to 5 Micrometers and the Gamma-Ray Opacity of the Universe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scully, Sean T.; Malkan, Matthew A.; Stecker, Floyd W.

2014-01-01

We extend our previous model-independent determination of the intergalactic background light, based purely on galaxy survey data, out to a wavelength of 5 micrometers. Our approach enables us to constrain the range of photon densities, based on the uncertainties from observationally determined luminosity densities and colors. We further determine a 68% confidence upper and lower limit on the opacity of the universe to gamma-rays up to energies of 1.6/(1 + z) terraelectron volts. A comparison of our lower limit redshift-dependent opacity curves to the opacity limits derived from the results of both ground-based air Cerenkov telescope and Fermi-LAT observations of PKS 1424+240 allows us to place a new upper limit on the redshift of this source, independent of IBL modeling.

An empirical determination of the intergalactic background light using near-infrared deep galaxy survey data out to 5 μm and the gamma-ray opacity of the universe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scully, Sean T.; Malkan, Matthew A.; Stecker, Floyd W., E-mail: Floyd.W.Stecker@nasa.gov

2014-04-01

We extend our previous model-independent determination of the intergalactic background light, based purely on galaxy survey data, out to a wavelength of 5 μm. Our approach enables us to constrain the range of photon densities, based on the uncertainties from observationally determined luminosity densities and colors. We further determine a 68% confidence upper and lower limit on the opacity of the universe to γ-rays up to energies of 1.6/(1 + z) TeV. A comparison of our lower limit redshift-dependent opacity curves to the opacity limits derived from the results of both ground-based air Cerenkov telescope and Fermi-LAT observations of PKSmore » 1424+240 allows us to place a new upper limit on the redshift of this source, independent of IBL modeling.« less

Models of H II regions - Heavy element opacity, variation of temperature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rubin, R. H.

1985-01-01

A detailed set of H II region models that use the same physics and self-consistent input have been computed and are used to examine where in parameter space the effects of heavy element opacity is important. The models are briefly described, and tabular data for the input parameters and resulting properties of the models are presented. It is found that the opacities of C, Ne, O, and to a lesser extent N play a vital role over a large region of parameter space, while S and Ar opacities are negligible. The variation of the average electron temperature T(e) of the models with metal abundance, density, and T(eff) is investigated. It is concluded that by far the most important determinator of T(e) is metal abundance; an almost 7000 K difference is expected over the factor of 10 change from up to down abundances.

Dust observations by PFS on Mars Express

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zasova, L. V.; Formisano, V.; Moroz, V. I.; Grassi, D.; Ignatiev, N. I.; Blecka, M. I.; Maturilli, A.; Palomba, E.; Piccioni, G.; Pfs Team

Dust is always present in the Martian atmosphere with opacity, which changes from values below 0.1 (at 9 μ m) up to several units during the dust storms. From the thermal IR (LW channel of PFS) the dust opacity is retrieved in a self consistent way together with the temperature profile from the same spectrum A preliminary investigation along the orbit, which comes through Hellas, shows that the value of dust opacity anticorrelates with surface altitude. From -70 to +25 of latitude the vertical dust distribution follows the exponential low with the scale of 12 km, which corresponds to the gaseous scale height near noon and indicates for well mixed condition. The dust opacity, corresponding to the zero surface altitude, is found of 0.25+-0.05. More detailed investigations of all available data will be presented, including analysis of both short- and long- wavelength spectra of PFS.

Capsule implosions for continuum x-ray backlighting of opacity samples at the National Ignition Facility

DOE PAGES

Opachich, Y. P.; Heeter, R. F.; Barrios, M. A.; ...

2017-06-08

Direct drive implosions of plastic capsules have been performed at the National Ignition Facility to provide a broad-spectrum (500–2000 eV) X-ray continuum source for X-ray transmission spectroscopy. The source was developed for the high-temperature plasma opacity experimental platform. Initial experiments using 2.0 mm diameter polyalpha-methyl styrene capsules with ~20 μm thickness have been performed. X-ray yields of up to ~1 kJ/sr have been measured using the Dante multichannel diode array. The backlighter source size was measured to be ~100 μm FWHM, with ~350 ps pulse duration during the peak emission stage. Lastly, these results are used to simulate transmission spectramore » for a hypothetical iron opacity sample at 150 eV, enabling the derivation of photometrics requirements for future opacity experiments.« less

Capsule implosions for continuum x-ray backlighting of opacity samples at the National Ignition Facility.

PubMed

Opachich, Y P; Heeter, R F; Barrios, M A; Garcia, E M; Craxton, R S; King, J A; Liedahl, D A; McKenty, P W; Schneider, M B; May, M J; Zhang, R; Ross, P W; Kline, J L; Moore, A S; Weaver, J L; Flippo, K A; Perry, T S

2017-06-01

Direct drive implosions of plastic capsules have been performed at the National Ignition Facility to provide a broad-spectrum (500-2000 eV) X-ray continuum source for X-ray transmission spectroscopy. The source was developed for the high-temperature plasma opacity experimental platform. Initial experiments using 2.0 mm diameter polyalpha-methyl styrene capsules with ∼20  μ m thickness have been performed. X-ray yields of up to ∼1 kJ/sr have been measured using the Dante multichannel diode array. The backlighter source size was measured to be ∼100  μ m FWHM, with ∼350 ps pulse duration during the peak emission stage. Results are used to simulate transmission spectra for a hypothetical iron opacity sample at 150 eV, enabling the derivation of photometrics requirements for future opacity experiments.

The Iron Project & Opacity Project: Photoionization, radiative transitions of iron ions for Opacities and Astrophysical Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Lianshui; Nahar, Sultana; Pradhan, Anil; Eissner, Werner

2017-04-01

We have carried out converged close coupling R-Matrix (CCC-RM) calculations for photoionization of Ne-like Fe XVII and demonstrate orders-of-magnitude enhancements in cross section due to successive core excitations. Convergence criteria are: (i) inclusion of sufficient number of residual ion Fe XVIII core states, (ii) high-resolution of myriad autoionizing resonances, and (iii) high-energy cross sections. We discuss verification of the conventional oscillator strength sum-rule in limited energy regions for bound-free plasma opacity. High energy cross sections are also under investigation. In order to obtain solar iron opacity at the boundary of the radiative and convection zones, we have studied the residual ion states that should provide convergence of resonances of other L-shell iron ions, Fe XIV - Fe XX, in the plasma region. Preliminary results from R-matrix calculations of photoionization cross sections will be reported. NSF, DOE, OSC.

POTENTIAL CLIMATE WARMING EFFECTS ON ICE COVERS OF SMALL LAKES IN THE CONTIGUOUS U.S. (R824801)

EPA Science Inventory

Abstract

To simulate effects of projected climate change on ice covers of small lakes in the northern contiguous U.S., a process-based simulation model is applied. This winter ice/snow cover model is associated with a deterministic, one-dimensional year-round water tem...

Investigating the use of small-diameter softwood as guardrail posts (dynamic test results)

Treesearch

Jason A. Hascall; John D. Reid; Ronald K. Faller; Dean L. Sicking; David E. Kretschmann

2007-01-01

A modified version of the Midwest Guardrail System (MGS), utilizing small-diameter round wood posts, was developed, tested, and evaluated. Three systems were developed using different species of timber, Douglas Fir, Ponderosa Pine, and Southern Yellow Pine. A combination of Barrier VII computer simulation modeling and several series of cantilever bogie tests, conducted...

Small-diameter roundwood, strong-post W-beam guardrail systems

Treesearch

David Kretschmann; Ronald Faller; John Reid; Jason Hascall; Dean Sicking; John Rohde

2006-01-01

Round guardrail posts may provide an important value-added option for small-diameter thinnings. Such posts require minimum processing and are believed to have higher strength for the equivalent rectangular volume. The resulting value-added product may bring a higher return compared to lumber. The obstacles to immediate utilization of ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir...

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) in a group of school-aged children in Benghazi, Libya.

PubMed

Fteita, D; Ali, A; Alaluusua, S

2006-06-01

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is common in many countries and it has significant impact on treatment need. The aim of the present study was to assess developmental enamel defects with an emphasis to MIH in children from four primary schools in Benghazi, Libya. Permanent first molars of a total of 378 (188 females) 7.0-8.9-year-old children were examined for demarcated opacities, diffuse opacities and hypoplasia in their schools using a portable light, a mirror, and a probe. A subgroup of children attending two of the four schools and having all incisors and first molars erupted (N = 154) was examined for enamel defects in these teeth. Eleven children (2.9%) had MIH. The mean value of demarcated opacities in their first molars was 1.5. MIH lesions were found only in 1.1% of the children's first molars (tooth prevalence) and all lesions were mild. Six children (1.6%) had diffuse opacities and 3 (0.8%) had hypoplastic defects in their first molars. Fourteen out of 154 children (9%) who had both incisors and molars examined had some kind of developmental enamel defect: 11 children (7.1%) had demarcated opacities, 3 (1.9%) had diffuse opacities, and none had hypoplasia. MIH was rare in Benghazi, Libya. The prevalence was clearly lower than in comparable studies performed in Italy or in Nordic countries, where, according to the earlier reports, MIH is seen in every fifth or sixth child. Our result may be valuable when so far mostly unknown etiology behind MIH is investigated.

Laboratory Measurements of Sulfuric Acid Vapor Opacity at Millimeter Wavelengths Under Venus Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akins, Alexander Brooks; Steffes, Paul G.

2017-10-01

Radio astronomical observations of the lower-cloud and sub-cloud regions of the Venusian atmosphere at millimeter wavelengths can provide insight into the nature of the sub-cloud sulfur chemistry. Previous observations (de Pater et al., Icarus 90, 1991 and Sagawa, J. Natl. Inst. of Inf. And Comm. Tech. 55, 2008) indicate substantial variations in Venus disc brightness at millimeter wavelengths, likely due to variations in SO2 and H2SO4 vapor abundances. Although previous measurements of H2SO4 vapor opacity provide accurate information at centimeter wavelengths (Kolodner and Steffes, Icarus 132, 1998), extrapolation to millimeter wavelength observations is speculative. A Fabry-Perot open resonator with a quality factor in excess of 15,000 has been designed to measure the opacity of H2SO4 vapor in a CO2 atmosphere under Venus temperature and pressure conditions below the clouds. The resonator system has been designed using corrosion-resistant materials to ensure data integrity. Opacity measurements made with this system target the 2-4 millimeter wavelength range, applicable to recent Atacama Large Millimeter Array observations of Venus. Initial laboratory results for H2SO4 vapor opacity will be presented, and the implications of these results for pressure broadened opacity formalisms will be discussed. In addition to radio astronomical observations, these results of these measurements can aid in the interpretation of radiometer and radio occultation measurements from future Venus missions, such as the Venera D orbiter. This work is supported by the NASA Solar System Workings Program under grant NNX17AB19G.

Quantitative determination of radio-opacity: equivalence of digital and film X-ray systems.

PubMed

Nomoto, R; Mishima, A; Kobayashi, K; McCabe, J F; Darvell, B W; Watts, D C; Momoi, Y; Hirano, S

2008-01-01

To evaluate the equivalence of a digital X-ray system (DenOptix) to conventional X-ray film in terms of the measured radio-opacity of known filled-resin materials and the suitability of attenuation coefficient for radio-opacity determination. Discs of five thicknesses (0.5-2.5mm) and step-wedges of each of three composite materials of nominal aluminum-equivalence of 50%, 200% and 450% were used. X-ray images of a set of discs (or step-wedge), an aluminum step-wedge, and a lead block were taken at 65 kV and 10 mA at a focus-film distance of 400 mm for 0.15s and 1.6s using an X-ray film or imaging plate. Radio-opacity was determined as equivalent aluminum thickness and attenuation coefficient. The logarithm of the individual optical density or gray scale value, corrected for background, was plotted against thickness, and the attenuation coefficient determined from the slope. The method of ISO 4049 was used for equivalent aluminum thickness. The equivalent aluminum thickness method is not suitable for materials of low radio-opacity, while the attenuation coefficient method could be used for all without difficulty. The digital system gave attenuation coefficients of greater precision than did film, but the use of automatic gain control (AGC) distorted the outcome unusably. Attenuation coefficient is a more precise and generally applicable approach to the determination of radio-opacity. The digital system was equivalent to film but with less noise. The use of AGC is inappropriate for such determinations.

A Novel Technique to Calculate UV Opacity at Gale Crater from MSL/REMS Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vicente-Retortillo, Álvaro; Martínez, Germán M.; Renno, Nilton O.; Lemmon, Mark T.; Mason, Emily L.; de la Torre-Juárez, Manuel

2016-04-01

The Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) on board the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission carries a UV sensor that for the first time is measuring the solar radiation at the surface of Mars in six bands between 200 and 380 nm [1]. Here we present a novel methodology to calculate the atmospheric opacity by using the UV photodiode output currents measured by this sensor (TELRDR products) and ancillary (ADR) data. We estimate the diffuse and total radiation signals by analyzing the events in which the direct solar beam was temporarily blocked by the masthead or by the mast of the rover. Then we use a radiative transfer model with updated radiative properties of the Martian aerosols ([2], [3]) based on the Monte-Carlo method to retrieve the UV opacity from those measurements. Therefore, this methodology is not sensitive to the degradation of the sensor due to the deposition of dust on it. In addition, by using TELRDR and ADR data, inconsistencies in the processed reduced data (ENVRDR and MODRDR products, in units of W/m2) found when the solar zenith angle relative to REMS rover frame is above 30° are avoided. In order to validate our technique, we compare the UV opacities with those derived from Mastcam observations at 880 nm. We find that both opacities show a good agreement and follow a similar seasonal trend, with the UV opacity showing values generally lower than at 880 nm. The difference between both opacities varies over the year, with the minimum difference occurring during the first half of the winter, when both opacities show their annual lowest values. The temporal variation of this difference may be used to analyze changes in the dust size distribution. [1] Gómez-Elvira, J., Armiens, C., Castañer, L., Domínguez, M., Genzer, M. et al. REMS: the environmental sensor suite for the Mars Science Laboratory rover. Space Sci. Rev., 170 (1-4), 583-640, 2012. [2] Vicente-Retortillo, A., Valero, F., Vázquez, L. and Martínez, G. M. A model to calculate solar radiation fluxes on the Martian surface. J. Space Weather Space Clim., 5, A33, 2015. [3] Wolff, M. J., Clancy, R. T., Goguen, J. D., Malin, M. C., and Cantor, B. A. Ultraviolet dust aerosol properties as observed by MARCI. Icarus, 208 (1), 143-155, 2010.

Pattern of metastasis outside tumor-bearing segments in primary lung cancer: rationale for segmentectomy.

PubMed

Sakairi, Yuichi; Yoshino, Ichiro; Yoshida, Shigetoshi; Suzuki, Hidemi; Tagawa, Tetsuzo; Iwata, Takekazu; Mizobuchi, Teruaki

2014-05-01

Patterns of intrapulmonary metastasis, particularly metastasis outside tumor-bearing segments, were investigated in lung cancer patients to address the rationale for segmentectomy. In a consecutive series of patients who underwent resection of two or more pulmonary segments for primary lung cancer, intrapulmonary spread patterns, such as segmental/intersegmental node metastasis and pulmonary parenchymal metastasis, were pathologically examined. Eligible 244 lesions included 167 adenocarcinomas, 66 squamous cell carcinomas, and 11 large cell carcinomas. Pathologic stages included 0 to IA (n=111), IB (n=56), IIA (n=31), IIB (n=20), IIIA (n=23), and IIIB to IV (n=3); and N1 (n=26) and N2 (n=22). Intrapulmonary spread was observed in 24 cases (9.8%). Of these, metastasis outside tumor-bearing segments was only observed in 4 cases (1.6%), and such cancer spread was more frequently seen in cases with extrapulmonary (hilar to mediastinal) nodal metastasis (7.9%) than in cases without extrapulmonary metastasis (0.5%; p=0.01). Metastasis outside tumor-bearing segments was not observed in 64 tumors with pure or mixed ground glass opacity features on computed tomography. Although tumor location (peripheral or central/intermediate) was not related to the incidence of metastasis outside tumor-bearing segments, intrapulmonary spread was observed in only 1 of 52 peripheral small (≤20 mm) tumors. Metastasis outside tumor-bearing segments is rarely observed in cases with tumors (1) without extrapulmonary nodal metastasis and (2) with ground glass opacity or peripheral small (≤20 mm) features. Copyright © 2014 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cixutumumab and Doxorubicin Hydrochloride in Treating Patients With Unresectable, Locally Advanced, or Metastatic Soft Tissue Sarcoma

ClinicalTrials.gov

2016-05-16

Adult Angiosarcoma; Adult Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor; Adult Epithelioid Sarcoma; Adult Extraskeletal Myxoid Chondrosarcoma; Adult Extraskeletal Osteosarcoma; Adult Fibrosarcoma; Adult Leiomyosarcoma; Adult Liposarcoma; Adult Malignant Mesenchymoma; Adult Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor; Adult Rhabdomyosarcoma; Adult Synovial Sarcoma; Adult Undifferentiated High Grade Pleomorphic Sarcoma of Bone; Childhood Angiosarcoma; Childhood Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor; Childhood Epithelioid Sarcoma; Childhood Fibrosarcoma; Childhood Leiomyosarcoma; Childhood Liposarcoma; Childhood Malignant Mesenchymoma; Childhood Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor; Childhood Pleomorphic Rhabdomyosarcoma; Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma With Mixed Embryonal and Alveolar Features; Childhood Synovial Sarcoma; Dermatofibrosarcoma Protuberans; Malignant Adult Hemangiopericytoma; Malignant Childhood Hemangiopericytoma; Metastatic Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Previously Treated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma; Recurrent Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma; Recurrent Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Stage III Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Stage IV Adult Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Untreated Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma

CIC-DUX4 Induces Small Round Cell Sarcomas Distinct from Ewing Sarcoma.

PubMed

Yoshimoto, Toyoki; Tanaka, Miwa; Homme, Mizuki; Yamazaki, Yukari; Takazawa, Yutaka; Antonescu, Cristina R; Nakamura, Takuro

2017-06-01

CIC-DUX4 sarcoma (CDS) or CIC-rearranged sarcoma is a subcategory of small round cell sarcoma resembling the morphological phenotypes of Ewing sarcoma (ES). However, recent clinicopathologic and molecular genetic analyses indicate that CDS is an independent disease entity from ES. Few ancillary markers have been used in the differential diagnosis of CDS, and additional CDS-specific biomarkers are needed for more definitive classification. Here, we report the generation of an ex vivo mouse model for CDS by transducing embryonic mesenchymal cells (eMC) with human CIC-DUX4 cDNA. Recipient mice transplanted with eMC-expressing CIC-DUX4 rapidly developed an aggressive, undifferentiated sarcoma composed of small round to short spindle cells. Gene-expression profiles of CDS and eMC revealed upregulation of CIC-DUX4 downstream genes such as PEA3 family genes, Ccnd2, Crh , and Zic1 IHC analyses for both mouse and human tumors showed that CCND2 and MUC5AC are reliable biomarkers to distinguish CDS from ES. Gene silencing of CIC-DUX4 as well as Ccnd2, Ret , and Bcl2 effectively inhibited CDS tumor growth in vitro The CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib and the soft tissue sarcoma drug trabectedin also blocked the growth of mouse CDS. In summary, our mouse model provides important biological information about CDS and provides a useful platform to explore biomarkers and therapeutic agents for CDS. Cancer Res; 77(11); 2927-37. ©2017 AACR . ©2017 American Association for Cancer Research.

PNET-like features of synovial sarcoma of the lung: a pitfall in the cytologic diagnosis of soft-tissue tumors.

PubMed

Hummel, P; Yang, G C; Kumar, A; Cohen, J M; Winkler, B; Melamed, J; Scholes, J V; Jagirdar, J

2001-04-01

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of soft-tissue tumors is evolving. As more experience is gained, we are becoming aware of potential pitfalls. We describe 2 cases of synovial sarcoma of the lung, primary and metastatic, in patients who had FNA biopsy performed on a lung mass. The cytologic smears showed extremely cellular groups of malignant small round cells, intersected by small blood vessels, with numerous loose single cells, in a background of macrophages and mature lymphocytes. The tumors displayed monomorphic cells forming rosettes and displaying occasional mitoses. A diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumor/primitive neuroepithelial tumor (PNET) was suspected. Furthermore, this suspicion was supported by immunohistochemical stains, which showed positivity for a neuroendocrine marker, Leu 7 (case 1), and for a neural marker, CD 99 (O 13 or HBA 71) (both cases); and negativity for cytokeratins (case 1). The resection specimen of case 1 had mostly tightly packed small round cells, with occasional rosettes, similar to the FNA biopsy, and focal areas composed of spindle cells, organized in a focal fibrosarcoma-like and hemangiopericytoma-like pattern. A balanced translocation between chromosomes X and 18, demonstrated by both karyotyping and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), enabled us to make a diagnosis of synovial sarcoma, which was histologically classified as poorly differentiated. Case 2 was a metastatic biphasic synovial sarcoma of the arm, with a prominent epithelial component. Synovial sarcoma, when composed mainly of small round cells on cytologic smears, is a great mimicker of neuroendocrine/PNET tumors, with light microscopic and immunohistochemical overlap. Awareness of this potential pitfall may aid in preventing a misdiagnosis. Its recognition is of major concern, especially for the poorly differentiated variant, because it is associated with a worse prognosis. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Pneumoconiosis in different sectors and their differences in Turkey.

PubMed

Alıcı, Nur Şafak; Çımrın, Arif; Coşkun Beyan, Ayşe

2016-12-01

Pneumoconiosis which is one of the ancient diseases, still affects many workers throughout the world despite "existing" control programs. We add data from a single center reviewing risk factors for pneumoconiosis; evaluate functional and radiological findings in different sectors. We reviewed medical records of patients diagnosed with pneumoconiosis who were admitted to our center between the years 2013 and 2015. Several personal and occupational features, together with functional and radiologic data, were collected. 60 were young males. Twenty-four of the cases (39.3%) worked at dental technician, 24 cases (39.3%) were ceramic workers, 5 cases (8.2%) were sandblasters, 2 cases (3.3%) were welders, 3 cases (4.9%) were miners, and 3 cases (4.9%) were marble cutters. The sectors in which the exposure started at the earliest ages were dental technicians and sandblasters, while the shortest working time was in sandblasting. The dental technicians were younger than the ceramic workers at the age of diagnosis (Kruskall-Wallis p= 0.003). The exposure time of the sandblasters was significantly shorter, especially than the ceramic workers (Kruskall-Wallis p= 0.002). The cases have been referred to us with pneumoconiosis suspicion based on the radiographic findings in the PA chest roentgenogram performed during the periodic examinations at their work place; but unlike other studies, in our study, following the HRCT assessment, cases which did not present any visible pathology in the re-evaluation of their PA chest roentgenogram, but had HRCT findings have been diagnosed as pneumoconiosis. Among the 44 cases in which micro-nodules had been detected at their HRCT, 15 of them had been previously classified as profusion of small opacities 0/1 according to their PA chest roentgenogram findings. It has been seen that the HRCT findings differ among sectors. Ceramics workers and sandblasters had significantly more micro-nodules, while dental technicians had significantly more mediastinal lymphadenopathies (Chi square, p= 0.004 and p= 0.007 respectively). When the relationship between the existence of big opacities and complaints was studied, statistically significant weight loss was detected in cases which had C opacities (chi square p= 0.01). Statistically significant FEV1 decrease was observed in cases which had weight loss (independent samples t-test p= 0.046). It has been observed that when the profusion of small opacities increased, while there was no statistically significant functional status change in non-smokers, a significant functional impairment was observed in smokers. Pneumoconiosis still exists in Turkey. Even a short exposure time as 2 years can cause pneumoconiosis. Workers in different sectors had different functional, radiological properties and smoking can affect the diseases' course. There are serious limitations related to the surveillance of both the workplace environment and the employees' health in Turkey. Without institutional preventive measures, personal protection and surveillance examinations, occupational hazards will continue to cause premature deaths. Pneumoconiosis in different sectors is a prototype of uncontrolled industry in the developing world.

[Followup of chicken pox keratitis. Anatomic-clinical case report].

PubMed

D'hermies, F; Ellies, P; Meyer, A; Halhal, M; Morel, X; Behar-Cohen, F; Renard, G; Dighiero, P

2002-09-01

Chicken pox is a very common infectious disease in children. Its corneal involvement is less serious than with measles, which may lead to blindness in numerous developing countries. However, with occasional cases occur. A case of a 59-year-old male patient whose left cornea was involved during a chicken pox infection at the age of 7 is reported. More recently, the vision of the right eye was normal at 20/20 and reduced to visual perception in the affected left eye. Corneal sensitivity was maintained in the left eye, which, however exhibited a central epithelial defect. A central round opacity of the left corneal stroma was believed to be the scar resulting from a previous disciform keratitis. The left central cornea was thinned and there was neither an anterior chamber flare nor new corneal vessels. This corneal condition required a corneal allograft, performed quickly because of the potential risk of perforation. Histopathological study of the corneal button showed a central corneal thinning with an increase in epithelial thickness. The corneal stroma was disorganized, with irregular collagen bundles. No inflammatory cells could be observed, however. All the histopathological changes observed were those of a corneal scar.

Porcupine quill migration in the thoracic cavity of a German shorthaired pointer.

PubMed

Guevara, Jose L; Holmes, Elaine S; Reetz, Jennifer; Holt, David E

2015-01-01

A 7 yr old German shorthaired pointer presented with progressive respiratory distress and lethargy. Two weeks prior to presentation, the dog had porcupine quills removed from the left forepaw, muzzle, and sternal area. At the time of presentation, the dog had bounding pulses and friction rubs in the right dorsal lung field. Harsh lung sounds and decreased lung sounds were ausculted in multiple lung fields. Radiographs revealed a pneumothorax and rounding of the cardiac silhouette suggestive of pericardial effusion. Computed tomographic imaging was performed and revealed multiple porcupine quills in the thoracic cavity. Surgery was performed and quills were found in multiple lung lobes and the heart. Following surgery the dog remained hypotensive. A post-operative echocardiogram revealed multiple curvilinear soft-tissue opacities in the heart. Given the grave prognosis the dog was subsequently euthanized and a postmortem examination was performed. A single porcupine quill was discovered in the left atrium above the mitral valve annulus. The quill extended across the aortic root, impinging on the coronary artery below the level of the aortic valve. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first known report of porcupine quill migration through the heart.

Amorphous carbon in the disk around the post-AGB binary HR 4049. Discerning dust species with featureless opacity curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acke, B.; Degroote, P.; Lombaert, R.; de Vries, B. L.; Smolders, K.; Verhoelst, T.; Lagadec, E.; Gielen, C.; Van Winckel, H.; Waelkens, C.

2013-03-01

Context. Infrared spectroscopy has been extensively used to determine the mineralogy of circumstellar dust. The identification of dust species with featureless opacities, however, is still ambiguous. Here we present a method to lift the degeneracy using the combination of infrared spectroscopy and interferometry. Aims: The binary post-AGB star HR 4049 is surrounded by a circumbinary disk viewed at a high inclination angle. Apart from gaseous emission lines and molecular emission bands of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), diamonds, and fullerenes, the 2-25 μm infrared spectrum is featureless. The goal of the paper is to identify the dust species responsible for the smooth spectrum. Methods: We gathered high-angular-resolution measurements in the near- and mid-infrared with the VLTI interferometric instruments AMBER and MIDI. The data set is expanded with archival Geneva optical photometry, ISO-SWS and Spitzer-IRS infrared spectroscopy, and VISIR N-band images and spectroscopy. We computed a grid of radiative-transfer models of the circumbinary disk of HR 4049 using the radiative-transfer code MCMax. We searched for models that provide good fits simultaneously to all available observations. Results: We find that the variable optical extinction towards the primary star is consistent with the presence of very small (0.01 μm) iron-bearing dust grains or amorphous carbon grains. The combination of the interferometric constraint on the disk extent and the shape of the infrared spectrum points to amorphous carbon as the dominant source of opacity in the circumbinary disk of HR 4049. The disk is optically thick to the stellar radiation in the radial direction. At infrared wavelengths it is optically thin. The PAH emission is spatially resolved in the VISIR data and emanates from a region with an extent of several hundreds of AU, with a projected photocenter displacement of several tens of AU from the disk center. The PAHs most likely reside in a bipolar outflow. Conclusions: Dust species with featureless opacity curves, such as metallic iron and amorphous carbon, can be identified by combining infrared spectroscopy and high-angular-resolution measurements. In essence, this is because the temperatures of the dust species are notably different at the same physical distance to the star. Appendices A and B are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

Measurements of the K -Shell Opacity of a Solid-Density Magnesium Plasma Heated by an X-Ray Free-Electron Laser

DOE PAGES

Preston, T. R.; Vinko, S. M.; Ciricosta, O.; ...

2017-08-25

We present measurements of the spectrally resolved x rays emitted from solid-density magnesium targets of varying sub-μm thicknesses isochorically heated by an x-ray laser. The data exhibit a largely thickness independent source function, allowing the extraction of a measure of the opacity to K-shell x rays within well-defined regimes of electron density and temperature, extremely close to local thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. The deduced opacities at the peak of the Kα transitions of the ions are consistent with those predicted by detailed atomic-kinetics calculations.

Transient Asymptomatic Pulmonary Opacities Occurring during Osimertinib Treatment.

PubMed

Noonan, Sinead A; Sachs, Peter B; Camidge, D Ross

2016-12-01

Osimertinib is an EGFR inhibitor licensed for the treatment of EGFR-mutant, T790M-positive NSCLC. Previously unreported, frequent transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities were noted in patients during osimertinib therapy at the University of Colorado. Computed tomography imaging and clinical notes on patients with NSCLC who had been treated with osimertinib at the University of Colorado were retrospectively reviewed. Transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities developed in seven of 20 patients (35%) while they were receiving osimertinib. The radiological patterns seen included ground-glass opacities with or without nodular consolidation. The median time to development of the first lesion was 8.7 weeks (range 1.6-43 weeks), the median time to resolution during continued osimertinib was 6 weeks (range 1-11 weeks). Transient asymptomatic pulmonary opacities may be a previously unrecognized, benign feature associated with osimertinib therapy that may be mistaken for isolated pulmonary progression or the beginning of more severe pneumonitis. If new-onset pulmonary lesions, especially those associated with ground-glass appearances, are asymptomatic and localized and there is no evidence of disease progression elsewhere, it may be reasonable to continue treatment with osimertinib and monitor the lesions for resolution. Copyright © 2016 International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Color and opacity of composites protected with surface sealants and submitted to artificial accelerated aging.

PubMed

Aguilar, Fabiano Gamero; Roberti Garcia, Lucas da Fonseca; Cruvinel, Diogo Rodrigues; Sousa, Ana Beatriz Silva; de Carvalho Panzeri Pires-de-Souza, Fernanda

2012-01-01

To evaluate the color similarity, stability and opacity of composites (TPH, Charisma, and Concept, shade A2) protected with surface sealants (Fortify Plus and Biscover) and cyanoacrylate (Super Bonder). Forty specimens of each composite were made and separated into 4 groups (n=10) according to the surface protection: GI - without sealant; GII - cyanoacrylate; GIII - Fortify Plus; GIV - Biscover. Color and opacity readings were taken before and after Artificial Acelerated Aging (AAA) and the values obtained for color stability were submitted to statistical analysis by 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni's test (P<.05). The values acquired for color similarity were submitted to 1-way ANOVA and Tukey's test (P<.05). The specimen sufaces were compared before and after AAA using Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). Studied composites did not present the same values for the coordinates L*, a* and b * before AAA, indicating that there was no color similarity among them. All composites presented color alteration after AAA with clinically unacceptable values. Protected groups presented lower opacity variation after AAA, in comparison with the control goup. SEM evaluation demonstrated that AAA increased the surface irregularities in all of the studied groups. Surface sealants were not effective in maintaining composite color, but were able to maintain opacity.

The Error Structure of the SMAP Single and Dual Channel Soil Moisture Retrievals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Jianzhi; Crow, Wade T.; Bindlish, Rajat

2018-01-01

Knowledge of the temporal error structure for remotely sensed surface soil moisture retrievals can improve our ability to exploit them for hydrologic and climate studies. This study employs a triple collocation analysis to investigate both the total variance and temporal autocorrelation of errors in Soil Moisture Active and Passive (SMAP) products generated from two separate soil moisture retrieval algorithms, the vertically polarized brightness temperature-based single-channel algorithm (SCA-V, the current baseline SMAP algorithm) and the dual-channel algorithm (DCA). A key assumption made in SCA-V is that real-time vegetation opacity can be accurately captured using only a climatology for vegetation opacity. Results demonstrate that while SCA-V generally outperforms DCA, SCA-V can produce larger total errors when this assumption is significantly violated by interannual variability in vegetation health and biomass. Furthermore, larger autocorrelated errors in SCA-V retrievals are found in areas with relatively large vegetation opacity deviations from climatological expectations. This implies that a significant portion of the autocorrelated error in SCA-V is attributable to the violation of its vegetation opacity climatology assumption and suggests that utilizing a real (as opposed to climatological) vegetation opacity time series in the SCA-V algorithm would reduce the magnitude of autocorrelated soil moisture retrieval errors.

Spectrally resolved opacities and Rosseland and Planck mean opacities of lowly ionized gold plasmas: a detailed level-accounting investigation.

PubMed

Zeng, Jiaolong; Yuan, Jianmin

2007-08-01

Calculation details of radiative opacity for lowly ionized gold plasmas by using our developed fully relativistic detailed level-accounting approach are presented to show the importance of accurate atomic data for a quantitative reproduction of the experimental observations. Even though a huge number of transition lines are involved in the radiative absorption of high- Z plasmas so that one believes that statistical models can often give a reasonable description of their opacities, we first show in detail that an adequate treatment of physical effects, in particular the configuration interaction (including the core-valence electron correlation), is essential to produce atomic data of bound-bound and bound-free processes for gold plasmas, which are accurate enough to correctly explain the relative intensity of two strong absorption peaks experimentally observed located near photon energy of 70 and 80 eV. A detailed study is also carried out for gold plasmas of an average ionization degree sequence of 10, for both spectrally resolved opacities and Rosseland and Planck means. For comparison, results obtained by using an average atom model are also given to show that even for a relatively higher density of matter, correlation effects are also important to predict the correct positions of absorption peaks of transition arrays.

Albedo of Carbon Dioxide Ice in Mars' Residual South Polar Cap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

James, P. B.; Wolff, M. J.; Bonev, B.

2015-12-01

The albedo of surface CO2 deposits in the Residual South Polar Cap (RSPC) of Mars controls their net condensation / sublimation over a martian year and is therefore a crucial parameter in determining RSPC stability. The albedo used in previous analyses is obtained by dividing I/F, determined from radiometrically calibrated imaging data, by the cosine of the incidence angle. Because of atmospheric aerosols, the albedo calculated from I/F above the atmosphere is not the surface albedo that enters into stability considerations. In order to determine the surface albedo, we interpolate optical depths determined from CRISM EPF measurements to provide estimates of the dust and ice opacities over the RSPC (Wolff et al., 2009) and use these to determine the actual surface albedos from MARCI images using the radiative transport program DISORT (Stamnes et al., 1988). Assuming that dust is the only contributor to atmospheric opacity, the retrieved surface albedos for the longer wavelength MARCI filters in MY 28 and 29 are found to be consistent despite very different dust opacities in the two years (James et al., 2014). However, this model fails to reproduce the short wavelength behavior in early summer and suggests either an additional opacity source or modification of the CRISM dust opacity or the dust phase function. The consequences of these changes will be discussed.

Oocyte-activating capacity of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatids in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

PubMed

Ogonuki, Narumi; Inoue, Hiroki; Matoba, Shogo; Kurotaki, Yoko K; Kassai, Hidetoshi; Abe, Yukiko; Sasaki, Erika; Aiba, Atsu; Ogura, Atsuo

2018-02-19

The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) represents a promising nonhuman primate model for the study of human diseases because of its small size, ease of handling, and availability of gene-modified animals. Here, we aimed to devise reproductive technology for marmoset spermatid injection using immature males for a possible rapid generational turnover. Spermatids at each step could be identified easily by their morphology under differential interference microscopy: thus, early round spermatids had a round nucleus with a few nucleolus-like structures and abundant cytoplasm, as in other mammals. The spermatids acquired oocyte-activating capacity at the late round spermatid stage, as confirmed by the resumption of meiosis and Ca 2+ oscillations upon injection into mouse oocytes. The spermatids could be cryopreserved efficiently with a simple medium containing glycerol and CELL BANKER®. Late round or elongated spermatids first appeared at 10-12 months of age, 6-8 months before sexual maturation. Marmoset oocytes microinjected with frozen-thawed late round or elongated spermatids retrieved from a 12-month-old male marmoset developed to the 8-cell stage without the need for artificial oocyte activation stimulation. Thus, it might be possible to shorten the intergeneration time by spermatid injection, from 2 years (by natural mating) to 13-15 months including gestation. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Imatinib Mesylate in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Solid Tumors of Childhood

ClinicalTrials.gov

2015-04-14

Childhood Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor; Childhood Synovial Sarcoma; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor; Lung Metastases; Recurrent Childhood Soft Tissue Sarcoma; Recurrent Ewing Sarcoma/Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor; Recurrent Neuroblastoma; Recurrent Osteosarcoma

Hephaestus Fossae

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-07-03

Off the western flank of Elysium are the Hephaestus Fossae, seen in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey, with linear arrangements of small, round pits. These features are commonly called pit chains and most likely represent the collapse of lava tubes.

Altretamine

MedlinePlus

Altretamine comes as a capsule to take by mouth. It is usually taken four times a day (a dose after each meal and a dose ... stools bloody vomit vomited material that looks like coffee grounds bleeding gums small, round, red or purple ...

Preparation of small bio-compatible microspheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rembaum, Alan (Inventor); Yen, Shiao-Ping S. (Inventor); Dreyer, William J. (Inventor)

1979-01-01

Small, round, bio-compatible microspheres capable of covalently bonding proteins and having a uniform diameter below about 3500 A are prepared by substantially instantaneously initiating polymerization of an aqueous emulsion containing no more than 35% total monomer including an acrylic monomer substituted with a covalently bondable group such a hydroxyl, amino or carboxyl and a minor amount of a cross-linking agent.

Investigating the use of small-diameter softwood as guardrail posts: static test results

Treesearch

David E. Kretschmann; Ron Faller; Jason Hascall; John Reid; Dean Sicking; John Rohde; Dick Shilts; Tim Nelson

2007-01-01

Round guardrail posts may provide an important value added option for small-diameter thinnings. Such posts require minimum processing and have been shown to have higher strength compared to the equivalent rectangular volume. The resulting value-added product may bring a higher return compared to lumber. The obstacles to immediate utilization of ponderosa pine and...

House and stable fly (Diptera: Muscidae) seasonal abundance, larval development substrates, and natural parasitism on small equine farms in Florida

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This 1-year study was designed to determine adult fly population levels and development substrates on four small equine farms. Results showed that pest flies were present year-round, but differences existed in population levels among farms and seasons. Fly larvae were not found on two of the farms, ...

Research challenges for structural use of small-diameter round timbers

Treesearch

Ron Wolfe

2000-01-01

Forest managers have identified forest stands overstocked with small-diameter trees as a critical forest health issue. Overstocked stands are subject to attack by insects and disease and, as a result of the heavy fuel load, risk total destruction by fire. Prescribed burning is an economic tool for suppressing the growth of brush and tree seedlings, but its use is often...

Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracks in Nickel Alloy Dissimilar Metal Welds: Detection and Sizing Using Established and Emerging Nondestructive Examination Techniques

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Braatz, Brett G.; Cumblidge, Stephen E.; Doctor, Steven R.

2012-12-31

The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has established the Program to Assess the Reliability of Emerging Nondestructive Techniques (PARENT) as a follow-on to the international cooperative Program for the Inspection of Nickel Alloy Components (PINC). The goal of PINC was to evaluate the capabilities of various nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to detect and characterize surface-breaking primary water stress corrosion cracks in dissimilar-metal welds (DMW) in bottom-mounted instrumentation (BMI) penetrations and small-bore (≈400-mm diameter) piping components. A series of international blind round-robin tests were conducted by commercial and university inspection teams. Results from these tests showed that a combination of conventional andmore » phased-array ultrasound techniques provided the highest performance for flaw detection and depth sizing in dissimilar metal piping welds. The effective detection of flaws in BMIs by eddy current and ultrasound shows that it may be possible to reliably inspect these components in the field. The goal of PARENT is to continue the work begun in PINC and apply the lessons learned to a series of open and blind international round-robin tests that will be conducted on a new set of piping components including large-bore (≈900-mm diameter) DMWs, small-bore DMWs, and BMIs. Open round-robin testing will engage universities and industry worldwide to investigate the reliability of emerging NDE techniques to detect and accurately size flaws having a wide range of lengths, depths, orientations, and locations. Blind round-robin testing will invite testing organizations worldwide, whose inspectors and procedures are certified by the standards for the nuclear industry in their respective countries, to investigate the ability of established NDE techniques to detect and size flaws whose characteristics range from easy to very difficult to detect and size. This paper presents highlights of PINC and reports on the plans and progress for PARENT round-robin tests.« less

Primary atomization of liquid jets issuing from rocket engine coaxial injectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woodward, Roger D.

1993-01-01

The investigation of liquid jet breakup and spray development is critical to the understanding of combustion phenomena in liquid-propellant rocket engines. Much work has been done to characterize low-speed liquid jet breakup and dilute sprays, but atomizing jets and dense sprays have yielded few quantitative measurements due to their optical opacity. This work focuses on a characteristic of the primary breakup process of round liquid jets, namely the length of the intact liquid core. The specific application considered is that of shear-coaxial type rocket engine injectors. Real-time x-ray radiography, capable of imaging through the dense two-phase region surrounding the liquid core, has been used to make the measurements. Nitrogen and helium were employed as the fuel simulants while an x-ray absorbing potassium iodide aqueous solution was used as the liquid oxygen (LOX) simulant. The intact-liquid-core length data have been obtained and interpreted to illustrate the effects of chamber pressure (gas density), injected-gas and liquid velocities, and cavitation. The results clearly show that the effect of cavitation must be considered at low chamber pressures since it can be the dominant breakup mechanism. A correlation of intact core length in terms of gas-to-liquid density ratio, liquid jet Reynolds number, and Weber number is suggested. The gas-to-liquid density ratio appears to be the key parameter for aerodynamic shear breakup in this study. A small number of hot-fire, LOX/hydrogen tests were also conducted to attempt intact-LOX-core measurements under realistic conditions in a single-coaxial-element rocket engine. The tests were not successful in terms of measuring the intact core, but instantaneous imaging of LOX jets suggests that LOX jet breakup is qualitatively similar to that of cold-flow, propellant-simulant jets. The liquid oxygen jets survived in the hot-fire environment much longer than expected, and LOX was even visualized exiting the chamber nozzle under some conditions. This may be an effect of the single element configuration.

Library OPACs on the Web: Finding and Describing Directories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henry, Marcia

1997-01-01

Provides current descriptions of some of the major directories that link to library catalogs on the World Wide Web. Highlights include LibWeb; Hytelnet; WebCats; WWW Library Directory; and techniques for finding new library OPAC (online public access catalog) directories. (LRW)

Significant partial response of metastatic intra-abdominal and pelvic round cell liposarcoma to a small-molecule VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor apatinib

PubMed Central

Dong, Min; Bi, Jingwang; Liu, Xiaohong; Wang, Baocheng; Wang, Jun

2016-01-01

Abstract Introduction: Myxoid/round cell liposarcoma is the second most common subtype of liposarcoma. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy have a limited efficacy for treating advanced myxoid/round cell liposarcoma, with relatively serious side effects. Case presentation: We herein present a 68-year-old Chinese woman initially diagnosed with advanced multiple intra-abdominal and pelvic round cell liposarcoma. She refused to receive cytotoxic chemotherapy and received apatinib as the first-line therapy, a novel tyrosine kinase inhibitor of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 that has been used in the treatment of patients with metastatic gastric cancer who progressed with 2 or more chemotherapy regimens. This patient was partially responsive to apatinib with a dose of 500 mg daily. No serious drug-related side effects were observed. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that some cases of liposarcoma may be responsive to antiangiogenic agent apatinib. Randomized clinical studies are needed to further confirm the efficacy and safety of apatinib in the clinical treatment of liposarcoma. PMID:27495042

Why Are So Many Things in the Solar System Round?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heilig, Steven J.

2010-09-01

Several years ago a student asked why so many things in the solar system were round. He noted that many objects in the solar system, although not all, are round. The standard answer, which he knew, is that the mutual gravitational attraction of the molecules pulls them into the shape that gets them as close to each other as possible: a sphere. This argument works fine for fluid bodies such as the Sun or Jupiter, but it isn't so simple for a solid object-we have all seen rocks that are not round. There is still a gravitational attraction acting between the rock's molecules, butfor small rocks that force does not overcome the strength of the bonds holding those molecules in their relative positions. Since the strength of the gravitational force grows with the size of the object, a large enough rock will have a strong enough gravitational attraction to force a deformation into a round shape. But how large is that? A simple model gives an answer to this question. There is also renewed interest in this topic as a result of the new definition of a planet approved by the International Astronomical Union, which says in part, ``A `planet' is a celestial body that... has sufficient mass for its self-gravity to overcome rigid body forces so that it assumes a hydrostatic equilibrium (nearly round) shape.''1 What size object is large enough to satisfy this criterion? Where does Pluto fall regarding this question?

The evaluation of a framework for measuring the non-technical ward round skills of final year nursing students: An observational study.

PubMed

Murray, Kara; McKenzie, Karen; Kelleher, Michael

2016-10-01

The importance of non-technical skills (NTS) to patient outcomes is increasingly being recognised, however, there is limited research into how such skills can be taught and evaluated in student nurses in relation toward rounds. This pilot study describes an evaluation of a NTS framework that could potentially be used to measure ward round skills of student nurses. The study used an observational design. Potential key NTS were identified from existing literature and NTS taxonomies. The proposed framework was then used to evaluate whether the identified NTS were evident in a series of ward round simulations that final year general nursing students undertook as part of their training. Finally, the views of a small group of qualified nurse educators, qualified nurses and general nursing students were sought about whether the identified NTS were important and relevant to practice. The proposed NTS framework included seven categories: Communication, Decision Making, Situational Awareness, Teamwork and Task Management, Student Initiative and Responsiveness to Patient. All were rated as important and relevant to practice. The pilot study suggests that the proposed NTS framework could be used as a means of evaluating student nurse competencies in respect of many non-technical skills required for a successful ward round. Further work is required to establish the validity of the framework in educational settings and to determine the extent to which it is of use in a non-simulated ward round setting. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optical properties of highly compressed polystyrene: An ab initio study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, S. X.; Collins, L. A.; Colgan, J. P.; Goncharov, V. N.; Kilcrease, D. P.

2017-10-01

Using all-electron density functional theory, we have performed an ab initio study on x-ray absorption spectra of highly compressed polystyrene (CH). We found that the K -edge shifts in strongly coupled, degenerate polystyrene cannot be explained by existing continuum-lowering models adopted in traditional plasma physics. To gain insights into the K -edge shift in warm, dense CH, we have developed a model designated as "single mixture in a box" (SMIAB), which incorporates both the lowering of the continuum and the rising of the Fermi surface resulting from high compression. This simple SMIAB model correctly predicts the K -edge shift of carbon in highly compressed CH in good agreement with results from quantum molecular dynamics (QMD) calculations. Traditional opacity models failed to give the proper K -edge shifts as the CH density increased. Based on QMD calculations, we have established a first-principles opacity table (FPOT) for CH in a wide range of densities and temperatures [ρ =0.1 -100 g /c m3 and T =2000 -1 000 000 K ]. The FPOT gives much higher Rosseland mean opacity compared to the cold-opacity-patched astrophysics opacity table for warm, dense CH and favorably compares to the newly improved Los Alamos atomic model for moderately compressed CH (ρCH≤10 g /c m3 ), but remains a factor of 2 to 3 higher at extremely high densities (ρCH≥50 g /c m3 ). We anticipate the established FPOT of CH will find important applications to reliable designs of high-energy-density experiments. Moreover, the understanding of K -edge shifting revealed in this study could provide guides for improving the traditional opacity models to properly handle the strongly coupled and degenerate conditions.

Colour stability and opacity of resin cements and flowable composites for ceramic veneer luting after accelerated ageing.

PubMed

Archegas, Lucí Regina Panka; Freire, Andrea; Vieira, Sergio; Caldas, Danilo Biazzetto de Menezes; Souza, Evelise Machado

2011-11-01

Colour changes of the luting material can become clinically visible affecting the aesthetic appearance of thin ceramic laminates. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the colour stability and opacity of light- and dual-cured resin cements and flowable composites after accelerated ageing. The luting agents were bonded (0.2 mm thick) to ceramic disks (0.75 mm thick) built with the pressed-ceramic IPS Aesthetic Empress (n=7). Colour measurements were determined using a FTIR spectrophotometer before and after accelerated ageing in a weathering machine with a total energy of 150 kJ. Changes in colour (ΔE) and opacity (ΔO) were obtained using the CIE L*a*b* system. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA, Tukey HSD test and Student's t test (α=5%). All the materials showed significant changes in colour and opacity. The ΔE of the materials ranged from 0.41 to 2.40. The highest colour changes were attributed to RelyX ARC and AllCem, whilst lower changes were found in Variolink Veneer, Tetric Flow and Filtek Z350 Flow. The opacity of the materials ranged from -0.01 to 1.16 and its variation was not significant only for Opallis Flow and RelyX ARC. The accelerated ageing led to colour changes in all the evaluated materials, although they were considered clinically acceptable (ΔE<3). Amongst the dual-cured resin cements, Variolink II demonstrated the highest colour stability. All the flowable composites showed proper colour stability for the luting of ceramic veneers. After ageing, an increase in opacity was observed for most of the materials. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Autofluorescence imaging of macular pigment: influence and correction of ocular media opacities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharifzadeh, Mohsen; Obana, Akira; Gohto, Yuko; Seto, Takahiko; Gellermann, Werner

2014-09-01

The healthy adult human retina contains in its macular region a high concentration of blue-light absorbing carotenoid compounds, known as macular pigment (MP). Consisting of the carotenoids lutein, zeaxanthin, and meso-zeaxanthin, the MP is thought to shield the vulnerable tissue layers in the retina from light-induced damage through its function as an optical attenuator and to protect the tissue cells within its immediate vicinity through its function as a potent antioxidant. Autofluorescence imaging (AFI) is emerging as a viable optical method for MP screening of large subject populations, for tracking of MP changes over time, and for monitoring MP uptake in response to dietary supplementation. To investigate the influence of ocular media opacities on AFI-based MP measurements, in particular, the influence of lens cataracts, we conducted a clinical trial with a large subject population (93 subjects) measured before and after cataract surgery. General AFI image contrast, retinal blood vessel contrast, and presurgery lens opacity scores [Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III)] were investigated as potential predictors for image degradation. These clinical results show that lens cataracts can severely degrade the achievable pixel contrasts in the AFI images, which results in nominal MP optical density levels that are artifactually reduced. While LOCS III scores and blood vessel contrast are found to be only a weak predictor for this effect, a strong correlation exists between the reduction factor and the image contrast, which can be quantified via pixel intensity histogram parameters. Choosing the base width of the histogram, the presence or absence of ocular media opacities can be determined and, if needed, the nominal MP levels can be corrected with factors depending on the strength of the opacity.

[Toxicity of ethylene oxide on the crystalline lense in an occupational milieu. Difficulty of epidemiologic surveys of cataract].

PubMed

Deschamps, D; Leport, M; Cordier, S; Laurent, A M; Festy, B; Hamard, H; Renard, G; Pouliquen, Y; Conso, F

1990-01-01

Ethylene oxide is a sterilizing gas for heat-sensitive materials. Eight cases of subcapsular cataract were attributed to this compound from 1982 to 1985. This epidemiological study was conducted in 55 persons to determine the prevalence of lens opacities and cataracts in workers exposed to this gas. The 21 persons of more than 45 years of age were then compared to 16 non-exposed persons matched for age and gender. Lens opacities (independently of visual acuity) were observed in 19 of the 55 exposed. Among exposed and non-exposed persons of more than 45 years of age, there were no significantly differences with regard to the following characteristics of lens opacities: prevalence (13 in the 21 exposed; 10 in the 16 non-exposed), distribution of the localisations, morphology and importance of the cortical opacities. No link was found between the characteristics of the lens opacities and the characteristics of the exposure: habitual exposure and accidental overexposures. For cataracts, defined by the association of lens opacities and a visual acuity less than 20/25 (this loss not being attributable to another cause), their prevalence differed significantly (p less than 0.05) between the exposed (6 of 21) and the non-exposed (0 of 16). There was no relation between their existence and accidental overexposures. The risk of lens opacification by ethylene oxide, established in cases of massive exposures as previously described, could also exist during chronic exposure to low concentrations, but is to be confirmed by other studies. It could be explained by saturation of the protective mechanisms against alkylating action of this product. This study prompted us to discuss the epidemiological difficulties in studies of cataracts.

WVR-GPS comparison measurements and calibration of the 20-32 GHz tropospheric water vapor absorption model.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keihm, S. J.; Bar-Server, Y.; Liljegren, J. C.

2002-06-01

Collocated measurements of opacity (from water vapor radiometer brightness temperatures) and wet path delay (from ground-based tracking of global positioning satellites) are used to constrain the model of atmospheric water vapor absorption in the 20-32 GHz band. A differential approach is presented in which the slope of opacity-versus-wet delay data is used as the absorption model constraint. This technique minimizes the effects of radiometric calibration errors and oxygen model uncertainties in the derivation of a best-fit vapor absorption model. A total of approximately five months of data was obtained from two experiment sites. At the Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART)more » site near Lamont, Oklahoma, three independent water vapor radiometers (WVRs) provided near-continuous opacity measurements over the interval July-September 1998. At the NASA/Goldstone tracking station in the California desert two WVRs; obtained opacity data over the September-October 1997 interval. At both sites a Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receiver and surface barometer obtained the data required for deriving the zenith wet delays over the same time frames. Measured values of the opacity-versus-wet delay slope parameter were obtained at four WVR frequencies (20.7, 22.2, 23.8, and 31.4 GHz) and compared with predictions of four candidate absorption models referenced in the literature. With one exception, all three models provide agreement within 5% of the opacity-versus-wet delay slope measurements at all WVR frequencies at both sites. One model provides agreement for all channels at both sites to the 2-3% level. This absorption model accuracy level represents a significant improvement over that attainable using radiosondes.« less

Improvement of chronic corneal opacity in ocular surface disease with prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment.

PubMed

Cressey, Anna; Jacobs, Deborah S; Remington, Crystal; Carrasquillo, Karen G

2018-06-01

To demonstrate clearing of chronic corneal opacities and improvement of visual acuity with the use of BostonSight prosthetic replacement of the ocular surface ecosystem (PROSE) treatment in ocular surface disease. We undertook retrospective analysis of the medical records of a series of patients who underwent PROSE treatment from August 2006 to December 2014. Patients were referred for ocular surface disease of various etiologies. Primary inclusion criterion was corneal opacity that improved with PROSE treatment. Patients were excluded if topical steroids or adjuvant therapy used once PROSE treatment was initiated. Underlying disease, prior treatment, clinical presentation, and clinical course were extracted from the medical record. Four patients are included in this series. There were three females and one male; median age at time of treatment initiation was 30 years (range = 0.5-58 years). Median duration of PROSE treatment at time of retrospective analysis was 3.5 years (range = 1-8 years). Two cases had corneal opacification in the context of neurotrophic keratopathy: a unilateral case due to presumed herpes simplex keratitis and a bilateral case due to congenital corneal anesthesia associated with familial dysautonomia. One case had corneal opacity from exposure related to seventh nerve palsy, and one had corneal opacification associated with recurrent surface breakdown, neurotrophic keratopathy, and limbal stem deficiency of uncertain etiology. After consistent wear of prosthetic devices used in PROSE treatment for support of the ocular surface, visual acuity improved and clearing of the opacities was observed, without use of topical steroids or adjuvant therapy. These cases demonstrate clearing of chronic corneal opacity with PROSE treatment for ocular surface disease. This clearing can occur with no adjuvant therapy, suggesting that restoration of ocular surface function and integrity allows for corneal remodeling.

Influence of external radiation on non-LTE opacities of Xe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klapisch, Marcel; Busquet, Michel

2010-11-01

In Laboratory Astrophysics, where astrophysics phenomena are scaled down to the laboratory, Xenon is commonly used. In most cases, astrophysical plasmas are not dense enough to warrant LTE. However, they are surrounded by radiation fields. Extensive detailed level computations of non-LTE Xe around Te = 100eV were performed with HULLAC [1], with different radiation temperatures and/or dilution factors. Generally, the effects are very important, even with small dilution factors. [4pt] [1] M. Klapisch and M. Busquet, High Ener. Dens. Phys.5, (2009) 105-9; Bull. Am. Phys. Soc.54, (2009) 210.

40 CFR 61.177 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Inorganic Arsenic... opacity level determination required in § 61.175(c) to afford the Administrator the opportunity to have an... normally during the reference opacity level determination; and (3) A written report each quarter of each...

40 CFR 61.177 - Reporting requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Inorganic Arsenic... opacity level determination required in § 61.175(c) to afford the Administrator the opportunity to have an... normally during the reference opacity level determination; and (3) A written report each quarter of each...

OPAC Missing Record Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Karl E.

1996-01-01

When the Higher Education Library Information Network of Rhode Island transferred members' bibliographic data into a shared online public access catalog (OPAC), 10% of the University of Rhode Island's monograph records were missing. This article describes the consortium's attempts to retrieve records from the database and the effectiveness of…

Web-based OPACs: Between Tradition and Innovation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moscoso, Purificacion; Ortiz-Repiso, Virginia

1999-01-01

Analyzes the change that Internet-based OPACs (Online Public Access Catalogs) have represented to the structure, administration, and maintenance of the catalogs, retrieval systems, and user interfaces. Examines the structure of databases and traditional principles that have governed systems development. Discusses repercussions of the application…

Studying effects of non-equilibrium radiative transfer via HPC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holladay, Daniel

This report presents slides on Ph.D. Research Goals; Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) Implications; Calculating an Opacity; Opacity: Pictographic Representation; Opacity: Pictographic Representation; Opacity: Pictographic Representation; Collisional Radiative Modeling; Radiative and Collisional Excitation; Photo and Electron Impact Ionization; Autoionization; The Rate Matrix; Example: Total Photoionization rate; The Rate Coefficients; inlinlte version 1.1; inlinlte: Verification; New capabilities: Rate Matrix – Flexibility; Memory Option Comparison; Improvements over previous DCA solver; Inter- and intra-node load balancing; Load Balance – Full Picture; Load Balance – Full Picture; Load Balance – Internode; Load Balance – Scaling; Description; Performance; xRAGE Simulation; Post-process @ 2hr; Post-process @ 4hr;more » Post-process @ 8hr; Takeaways; Performance for 1 realization; Motivation for QOI; Multigroup Er; Transport and NLTE large effects (1mm, 1keV); Transport large effect, NLTE lesser (1mm, 750eV); Blastwave Diagnostici – Description & Performance; Temperature Comparison; NLTE has effect on dynamics at wall; NLTE has lesser effect in the foam; Global Takeaways; The end.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nagayama, T.; Bailey, J. E.; Loisel, G. P.

Iron opacity calculations presently disagree with measurements at an electron temperature of ~180–195 eV and an electron density of (2–4)×10 22cm –3, conditions similar to those at the base of the solar convection zone. The measurements use x rays to volumetrically heat a thin iron sample that is tamped with low-Z materials. The opacity is inferred from spectrally resolved x-ray transmission measurements. Plasma self-emission, tamper attenuation, and temporal and spatial gradients can all potentially cause systematic errors in the measured opacity spectra. In this article we quantitatively evaluate these potential errors with numerical investigations. The analysis exploits computer simulations thatmore » were previously found to reproduce the experimentally measured plasma conditions. The simulations, combined with a spectral synthesis model, enable evaluations of individual and combined potential errors in order to estimate their potential effects on the opacity measurement. Lastly, the results show that the errors considered here do not account for the previously observed model-data discrepancies.« less

Estimates of the Tropospheric Vertical Structure of Neptune Based on Microwave Radiative Transfer Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeBoer, David R.; Steffes, Paul G.

1996-01-01

A radiative transfer model incorporating, among other things, the recently measured centimeter wavelength opacity of H2S, the full line catalog of PH3, and absorption due to CO has been developed to study the tropospheric vertical structure of Neptune. To match radio-telescope observations, subsolar amounts of NH3 and supersolar amounts of H2S are found to be needed, as has been previously noted. To match both the measured microwave emission and the measured opacity at 13 cm and 6.3 bars by Voyager 2, an H2S dominant atmosphere (H2S/NH3 approximately equals 40) with enhanced PH3 (15 x solar) or NH3 supersaturation with respect to the putative NH4SH cloud (400 ppbv) seems to be indicated. Due to the possible importance of PH3 opacity, it is suggested that measurements of its opacity could aid in resolving some of the outstanding ambiguities concerning Neptune's tropospheric structure.

Iron and molecular opacities and the evolution of Population I stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stothers, Richard B.; Chin, Chao-Wen

1993-01-01

Effects of recent opacity revisions on the evolution of Population I stars are explored over the range 1.5-60 solar masses. Opacity parameters considered include the angular momentum coupling scheme for iron, the relative iron abundance, the total metal abundance, and diatomic and triatomic molecular sources. Only the total metal abundance exerts an important control over the evolutionary tracks. Blue loops on the H-R diagram during core helium burning can be very sensitive to opacity, but only insofar as the simple formation or suppression of a blue loop is concerned. The blue loops are most robust for stellar masses around 10 solar masses. We confirm, from a comparison of stellar models with observational data, that the total metal abundance is close to solar and that convective core overshooting is likely to be very slight. The new models predict the existence of an iron convection zone in the envelope and a great widening of the main-sequence band in the H-R diagram at luminosities brighter than 100,000 solar luminosities.

Simulations of the National Ignition Facility Opacity Sample

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, M. E.; London, R. A.; Heeter, R. F.; Dodd, E. S.; Devolder, B. G.; Opachich, Y. P.; Liedahl, D. A.; Perry, T. S.

2017-10-01

A platform to study the opacity of high temperature materials at the National Ignition Facility has been developed. Experiments to study the opacity of materials relevant to inertial confinement fusion and stellar astrophysics are being conducted. The initial NIF experiments are focused on reaching the same plasma conditions (T >150 eV and Ne >= 7 ×1021 cm-3) , for iron, as those achieved in previous experiments at Sandia National Laboratories' (SNL) Z-facility which have shown discrepancies between opacity theory and experiment. We developed a methodology, using 1D HYDRA simulations, to study the effects of tamper thickness on the conditions of iron-magnesium samples. We heat the sample using an x-ray drive from 2D LASNEX hohlraum simulations. We also use this methodology to predict sample uniformity and expansion for comparison with experimental data. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC.

A computational approach to estimate postmortem interval using opacity development of eye for human subjects.

PubMed

Cantürk, İsmail; Özyılmaz, Lale

2018-07-01

This paper presents an approach to postmortem interval (PMI) estimation, which is a very debated and complicated area of forensic science. Most of the reported methods to determine PMI in the literature are not practical because of the need for skilled persons and significant amounts of time, and give unsatisfactory results. Additionally, the error margin of PMI estimation increases proportionally with elapsed time after death. It is crucial to develop practical PMI estimation methods for forensic science. In this study, a computational system is developed to determine the PMI of human subjects by investigating postmortem opacity development of the eye. Relevant features from the eye images were extracted using image processing techniques to reflect gradual opacity development. The features were then investigated to predict the time after death using machine learning methods. The experimental results prove that the development of opacity can be utilized as a practical computational tool to determine PMI for human subjects. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Comments on "Including the effects of temperature-dependent opacities in the implicit Monte Carlo algorithm" by N.A. Gentile [J. Comput. Phys. 230 (2011) 5100-5114

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, Karabi

2017-02-01

We briefly comment on a paper by N.A. Gentile [J. Comput. Phys. 230 (2011) 5100-5114] in which the Fleck factor has been modified to include the effects of temperature-dependent opacities in the implicit Monte Carlo algorithm developed by Fleck and Cummings [1,2]. Instead of the Fleck factor, f = 1 / (1 + βcΔtσP), the author derived the modified Fleck factor g = 1 / (1 + βcΔtσP - min [σP‧ (aTr4 - aT4)cΔt/ρCV, 0 ]) to be used in the Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) algorithm in order to obtain more accurate solutions with much larger time steps. Here β = 4 aT3 / ρCV, σP is the Planck opacity and the derivative of Planck opacity w.r.t. the material temperature is σP‧ = dσP / dT.

Effect of Round Window Reinforcement on Hearing: A Temporal Bone Study With Clinical Implications for Surgical Reinforcement of the Round Window.

PubMed

Wegner, Inge; Eldaebes, Mostafa M A S; Landry, Thomas G; Adamson, Robert B; Grolman, Wilko; Bance, Manohar L

2016-06-01

Round window reinforcement leads to conductive hearing loss. The round window is stiffened surgically as therapy for various conditions, including perilymphatic fistula and superior semicircular canal dehiscence. Round window reinforcement reduces symptoms in these patients. However, it also reduces fluid displacement in the cochlea and might therefore increase conductive hearing loss. Perichondrium was applied to the round window membrane in nine fresh-frozen, nonpathologic temporal bones. In four temporal bones cartilage was applied subsequently. Acoustic stimuli in the form of frequency sweeps from 250 to 8000 Hz were generated at 110 dB sound pressure level. A total of 16 frequencies in a 1/3-octave series were used. Stapes velocities in response to the acoustic stimuli were measured at equally spaced multiple points covering the stapes footplate using a scanning laser Doppler interferometry system. Measurements were made at baseline, after applying perichondrium, and after applying cartilage. At frequencies up to 1000 Hz perichondrium reinforcement decreased stapes velocities by 1.5 to 2.9 dB compared with no reinforcement (p value = 0.003). Reinforcement with cartilage led to a further deterioration of stapes velocities by 2.6 to 4.2 dB at frequencies up to 1000 Hz (p value = 0.050). The higher frequencies were not affected by perichondrium reinforcement (p value = 0.774) or cartilage reinforcement (p value = 0.644). Our results seem to suggest a modest, clinically negligible effect of reinforcement with perichondrium. Placing cartilage on the round window resulted in a graded effect on stapes velocities in keeping with the increased stiffness of cartilage compared with perichondrium. Even so, the effect was relatively small.

Towards a definition of neurodisability: a Delphi survey.

PubMed

Morris, Christopher; Janssens, Astrid; Tomlinson, Richard; Williams, Jane; Logan, Stuart

2013-12-01

The aim of this study was to develop, systematically, a consensus-based definition for 'neurodisability' that is meaningful to health professionals and parents of children with neurological conditions. A multidisciplinary group of health professionals was recruited through child development teams and professional societies in the UK; several parents of children with neurological conditions worked with the research team. Professionals participated in three rounds of a Delphi survey. Participants rated their agreement with a proposed definition in each round, and feedback was used to refine the definition. Finally, a perspective was sought from international experts. Responses to the three rounds were as follows: round 1,245 out of 290 (84.4%); round 2,242 out of 300 (80.6%); and round 3,237 out of 297 (79.7%). Agreement with the proposed definition was extremely high in every round (89.0%, 90.1%, and 93.6% respectively). The final version of the definition was widely endorsed among professionals, parents, and a small number of international colleagues. The final definition is as follows: 'Neurodisability describes a group of congenital or acquired long-term conditions that are attributed to impairment of the brain and/or neuromuscular system and create functional limitations. A specific diagnosis may not be identified. Conditions may vary over time, occur alone or in combination, and include a broad range of severity and complexity. The impact may include difficulties with movement, cognition, hearing and vision, communication, emotion, and behaviour'. An agreed definition of neurodisability will be useful for conducting research or clinical evaluations with people affected by neurological problems. © 2013 Crown copyright. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology © 2013 Mac Keith Press. This article is published with the permission of the Controller of HMSO and the Queen's Printer for Scotland.

Dust Aerosol Particle Size at the Mars Science Laboratory Landing Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vicente-Retortillo, Alvaro; Martínez, Germán; Renno, Nilton; Lemmon, Mark; de la Torre-Juárez, Manuel

2017-04-01

We have developed a new methodology to retrieve dust aerosol particle size from Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) observations [1]. We use photodiode output currents measured by the Rover Environmental Monitoring Station (REMS) UV sensor (UVS), ancillary data records (ADR) containing the geometry of the rover and the Sun, and values of the atmospheric opacity retrieved from Mastcam measurements. In particular, we analyze REMS UVS measurements when the Sun is blocked by the masthead and the mast of the rover since the behavior of the output currents during these shadow events depends on the dust phase function, which depends on particle size. The retrieved dust effective radii show a significant seasonal variability, ranging from 0.6 μm during the low opacity season (Ls = 60° - 140°) to 2 μm during the high opacity season (Ls = 180° - 360°). The relationship between atmospheric opacity and dust particle size indicates that dust-lifting events originate at various distances from Gale Crater. The external origin of high dust content events is consistent with the strong and persistent northerly and northwesterly winds at Gale Crater during the perihelion season centered around Ls = 270° [2]. From an interannual perspective, the general behavior of the particle size evolution in MY 31-32 is similar to that in MY 32-33, although some differences are noted. During the low opacity season (Ls = 60° - 140°), the retrieved dust effective radii in MY 33 are significantly lower than in MY 32. A larger contribution of water ice clouds to the total atmospheric opacity during the aphelion season of MY 33 can partially explain such a departure. Differences during the perihelion season are caused by interannual variability of enhanced opacity events. The determination of dust aerosol particle size is important to improve the accuracy of models in simulating the UV environment at the surface [3] and in predicting heating rates, which affect the atmospheric thermal and dynamical fields, and aerosol atmospheric transport, including gravitational settling rates. References: [1] Vicente-Retortillo, A. et al., GRL, submitted. [2] Rafkin, S. et al. (2016), Icarus, 280, 114-138. [3] Webster, C.R., et al. (2016), AGU Fall Meeting.

Field Measurements of Particulate Matter Emissions, Carbon Monoxide, and Exhaust Opacity from Heavy-Duty Diesel Vehicles.

PubMed

Clark, Nigel N; Jarrett, Ronald P; Atkinson, Christopher M

1999-09-01

Diesel particulate matter (PM) is a significant contributor to ambient air PM 10 and PM 2.5 particulate levels. In addition, recent literature argues that submicron diesel PM is a pulmonary health hazard. There is difficulty in attributing PM emissions to specific operating modes of a diesel engine, although it is acknowledged that PM production rises dramatically with load and that high PM emissions occur during rapid load increases on turbocharged engines. Snap-acceleration tests generally identify PM associated with rapid transient operating conditions, but not with high load. To quantify the origin of PM during transient engine operation, continuous opacity measurements have been made using a Wager 650CP full flow exhaust opacity meter. Opacity measurements were taken while the vehicles were operated over transient driving cycles on a chassis dynamometer using the West Virginia University (WVU) Transportable Heavy Duty Vehicle Emissions Testing Laboratories. Data were gathered from Detroit Diesel, Cummins, Caterpillar, and Navistar heavy-duty (HD) diesel engines. Driving cycles used were the Central Business District (CBD) cycle, the WVU 5-Peak Truck cycle, the WVU 5-Mile route, and the New York City Bus (NYCB) cycle. Continuous opacity measurements, integrated over the entire driving cycle, were compared to total integrated PM mass. In addition, the truck was subjected to repeat snap-acceleration tests, and PM was collected for a composite of these snap-acceleration tests. Additional data were obtained from a fleet of 1996 New Flyer buses in Flint, MI, equipped with electronically controlled Detroit Diesel Series 50 engines. Again, continuous opacity, regulated gaseous emissions, and PM were measured. The relationship between continuous carbon monoxide (CO) emissions and continuous opacity was noted. In identifying the level of PM emissions in transient diesel engine operation, it is suggested that CO emissions may prove to be a useful indicator and may be used to apportion total PM on a continuous basis over a transient cycle. The projected continuous PM data will prove valuable in future mobile source inventory prediction.

Trypanosoma cruzi: effects of azadirachtin and ecdysone on the dynamic development in Rhodnius prolixus larvae.

PubMed

Cortez, M R; Provençano, A; Silva, C E; Mello, C B; Zimmermann, L T; Schaub, G A; Garcia, E S; Azambuja, P; Gonzalez, M S

2012-07-01

The effects of azadirachtin and ecdysone on the Trypanosoma cruzi population in the Rhodnius prolixus gut were investigated. T. cruzi were rarely found in the gut compartments of azadirachtin-treated larvae. High parasite numbers were observed in the stomach of the control and ecdysone groups until 10 days after treatment and in the small intestine and rectum until 25 days after treatment. High percentages of round forms developed in the stomachs of all groups, whereas azadirachtin blocked the development of protozoan intermediate forms. This effect was counteracted by ecdysone therapy. In the small intestine and rectum, epimastigotes predominated for all groups, but more of their intermediates developed in the control and ecdysone groups. Azadirachtin supported the development of round forms and their intermediates into trypomastigotes. In the rectum, trypomastigotes did not develop in the azadirachtin group and developed much later after ecdysone therapy. The parallel between the effects of azadirachtin and ecdysone on the host and parasite development is discussed on the basis of the present results because ecdysone appears to act directly or indirectly in determining the synchronic development of T. cruzi forms from round to epimastigotes, but not metacyclic trypomastigotes, in the invertebrate vector. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Small Mounds in Chryse Planitia

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-07-15

The suggested area in this observation from NASA Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter is characterized by a group of cones, shield-like features, and round mounds. They are a few hundred meters to kilometers in diameter but their heights are unknown.

Western blot (immunoblot) assay of small, round-structured virus associated with an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in Tokyo.

PubMed

Hayashi, Y; Ando, T; Utagawa, E; Sekine, S; Okada, S; Yabuuchi, K; Miki, T; Ohashi, M

1989-08-01

Small, round-structured virus (SRSV) was detected in a stool specimen of a patient during an acute gastroenteritis outbreak in Tokyo and was tentatively named SRSV-9. SRSV-9 was purified by sucrose velocity gradient centrifugation after CsCl density gradient centrifugation. The buoyant density of SRSV-9 appeared to be 1.36 g/ml in CsCl. A Western blot (immunoblot) assay using the biotin-avidin system revealed that SRSV-9 was antigenically related to the Hawaii agent but distinct from the Norwalk agent and contained a single major structural protein with a molecular size of 63.0 +/- 0.6 kilodaltons. The prevalence of SRSV-9 infection in Tokyo was surveyed by the Western blot antibody assay by using a crude virus preparation as the antigen. Seroconversion was observed in 56.5% of the patients involved in the outbreaks from which SRSV was detected by electron microscopy.

A note on the contribution of multi-photon processes to radiative opacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pain, Jean-Christophe

2018-03-01

Recently, Bailey et al. performed iron opacity measurements on the Z machine at Sandia National Laboratory in conditions close to the ones of the base of the convective zone of the Sun. Such experiments have raised questions about the physical models commonly used in opacity codes. To understand the discrepancy between experiment and theory, More et al. investigated the role of two-photon processes. In the present work we show, by simple estimate and using hydrogenic formulas, that due to the intensity of the backlight radiation seen by the sample, such processes are likely to play an important role only for highly excited states.

A preliminary theoretical line-blanketed model solar photosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurucz, R. L.

1974-01-01

In the theoretical approach to model-atmosphere construction, all opacities are computed theoretically and the temperature-pressure structure is determined by conservation of energy. Until recently, this has not been a very useful method for later type stars, because the line opacity was both poorly known and difficult to calculate. However, methods have now been developed that are capable of representing the line opacity well enough for construction of realistic models. A preliminary theoretical solar model is presented that produces closer agreement with observation than has been heretofore possible. The qualitative advantages and shortcomings of this model are discussued and projected improvements are outlined.

Radiological and Pathological Correlation in Anti-MDA5 Antibody-positive Interstitial Lung Disease: Rapidly Progressive Perilobular Opacities and Diffuse Alveolar Damage.

PubMed

Chino, Haruka; Sekine, Akimasa; Baba, Tomohisa; Iwasawa, Tae; Okudela, Koji; Takemura, Tamiko; Itoh, Harumi; Sato, Shinji; Suzuki, Yasuo; Ogura, Takashi

2016-01-01

We herein present the first case of rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD) with anti-melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibody evaluated by surgical lung biopsy (SLB). High-resolution CT scan revealed perilobular opacities, which rapidly became thicker and formed consolidation, resulting in remarkable loss of lung volume. Specimens taken from SLB revealed membranous organization with alveolar occlusion, dilation of alveolar ducts, and sacs with collapsed alveoli, which are typical features of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD). Rapidly progressive perilobular opacities may be characteristic of RP-ILD with anti-MDA5 antibody and DAD.

Quasi-Static Analysis of Round LaRC THUNDER Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Joel F.

2007-01-01

An analytic approach is developed to predict the shape and displacement with voltage in the quasi-static limit of round LaRC Thunder Actuators. The problem is treated with classical lamination theory and Von Karman non-linear analysis. In the case of classical lamination theory exact analytic solutions are found. It is shown that classical lamination theory is insufficient to describe the physical situation for large actuators but is sufficient for very small actuators. Numerical results are presented for the non-linear analysis and compared with experimental measurements. Snap-through behavior, bifurcation, and stability are presented and discussed.

Informed dissent: the views of some mothers of severely mentally handicapped young adults.

PubMed

Simms, M

1986-06-01

Much of the discussion since the Arthur case has centred round the rights of handicapped infants to medical treatment. Little has centred round the question of how far one person can rightly be required to sacrifice her life for another, when she has not been consulted beforehand. This may be due to the fact that most of the discussants are men, while nearly all the carers are women. This small study attempts to redress this balance by asking mothers who have cared for 20 years, whether they felt it was worthwhile.

Method of sealing

DOEpatents

Groh, Edward F.; Cassidy, Dale A.

1978-01-01

A thermocouple lead or other small diameter wire, cable or tube is passed through a thin material such as sheet metal and sealed thereinto by drawing complementary longitudinally angled, laterally rounded grooves terminating at their base ends in a common plane in both sides of the thin material with shearing occuring at the deep end faces thereof to form a rounded opening in the thin material substantially perpendicular to the plane of the thin material, passing a thermocouple lead or similar object through the opening so formed and sealing the opening with a sealant which simultaneously bonds the lead to the thin material.

The formation conditions of the burial site of Late Cretaceous dinosaurs and plants in the Kakanaut River basin (Koryak Highlands, Northeastern Asia)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shczepetov, S. V.; Herman, A. B.

2017-07-01

The stratigraphic position of layers containing plant and animal remains in the Koryak Highlands (Northeast Asia) is under discussion. Their age is defined as late Campanian-early Maastrichtian. Plant-bearing and bone-bearing rocks represent cemented basaltic tephra. The former contain a small amount of xenogenic material and slightly rounded volcaniclastic material, which indicates its insignificant transportation. Ash particles in bone-bearing rocks are even less rounded. Among them, there are no rock fragments of other composition. Large bones and their fragments, as xenoliths, are chaotically distributed in the rock matrix as if floating in mass of ash material. This burial site was probably formed in a continental environment as a result of the gravitational and eolian transportation of the terrigenous material. The burial of small dinosaur bones and teeth occurred during the deposition of a small stream of a semiliquid water-ash mixture. This work presents a possible mechanism of the formation of burial sites, taking into consideration proposed conditions of the life and reproduction of dinosaurs in the Late Mesozoic Arctic.

Efficacy of ONC201 in Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor.

PubMed

Hayes-Jordan, Andrea A; Ma, Xiao; Menegaz, Brian A; Lamhamedi-Cherradi, Salah-Eddine; Kingsley, Charles V; Benson, Jalen A; Camacho, Pamela E; Ludwig, Joseph A; Lockworth, Cynthia R; Garcia, Gloria E; Craig, Suzanne L

2018-05-01

Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor (DSRCT) is a rare sarcoma tumor of adolescence and young adulthood, which harbors a recurrent chromosomal translocation between the Ewing's sarcoma gene (EWSR1) and the Wilms' tumor suppressor gene (WT1). Patients usually develop multiple abdominal tumors with liver and lymph node metastasis developing later. Survival is poor using a multimodal therapy that includes chemotherapy, radiation and surgical resection, new therapies are needed for better management of DSRCT. Triggering cell apoptosis is the scientific rationale of many cancer therapies. Here, we characterized for the first time the expression of pro-apoptotic receptors, tumor necrosis-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors (TRAILR1-4) within an established human DSRCT cell line and clinical samples. The molecular induction of TRAIL-mediated apoptosis using agonistic small molecule, ONC201 in vitro cell-based proliferation assay and in vivo novel orthotopic xenograft animal models of DSRCT, was able to inhibit cell proliferation that was associated with caspase activation, and tumor growth, indicating that a cell-based delivery of an apoptosis-inducing factor could be relevant therapeutic agent to control DSRCT. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

40 CFR 86.884-11 - Instrument checks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (3) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 92.122 - Smoke meter calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (b) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 86.884-11 - Instrument checks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (3) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 92.122 - Smoke meter calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (b) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 92.122 - Smoke meter calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (b) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 92.122 - Smoke meter calibration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (b) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 86.884-11 - Instrument checks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (3) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 86.884-11 - Instrument checks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... collection equipment response of zero; (3) Calibrated neutral density filters having approximately 10, 20, and 40 percent opacity shall be employed to check the linearity of the instrument. The filter(s) shall.... Filters with exposed filtering media should be checked for opacity every six months; all other filters...

40 CFR 60.52Da - Recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY SOURCES Standards of Performance for Electric Utility... opacity field data sheets; (2) For each performance test conducted using Method 22 of appendix A-4 of this... performance test; (iii) Copies of all visible emission observer opacity field data sheets; and (iv...

Integrating Subject Pathfinders into Online Catalogs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarvis, William E.

1985-01-01

Discusses the integration of subject pathfinders into online public access catalogs (OPAC) through following features: within the OPAC, offline user guide manuals, remotely printed upon user request, or online as saved searches displayed in help screen format. Excerpts of a pathfinder display for biotechnology are presented. Four sources are…

40 CFR 63.7131 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... were no deviations from any emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit, and... deviations from the emission limitations during the reporting period. (6) If there were no periods during.... (d) For each deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit...

40 CFR 63.1455 - What reports must I submit and when?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... from any emission limitations (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit) that applies to you and... that there were no deviations from the emission limitations, work practice standards, or operation and... deviation from an emission limitation (emission limit, operating limit, opacity limit) and for each...

Opportunities for Laboratory Opacity Chemistry Studies to Facilitate Characterization of Young Giant Planets and Brown Dwarfs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marley, Mark; Freedman, Richard S.

2015-01-01

The thermal emission spectra of young giant planets is shaped by the opacity of atoms and molecules residing in their atmospheres. While great strides have been made in improving the opacities of important molecules, particularly NH3 and CH4, at high temperatures, much more work is needed to understand the opacity and chemistry of atomic Na and K. The highly pressure broadened fundamental band of Na and K in the optical stretches into the near-infrared, strongly influencing the shape of the Y and K spectral bands. Since young giant planets are bright in these bands it is important to understand the influences on the spectral shape. Discerning gravity and atmospheric composition is difficult, if not impossible, without both good atomic opacities as well as an excellent understanding of the relevant atmospheric chemistry. Since Na and K condense at temperatures near 500 to 600 K, the chemistry of the condensation process must be well understood as well, particularly any disequilibrium chemical pathways. Comparisons of the current generation of sophisticated atmospheric models and available data, however, reveal important shortcomings in the models. We will review the current state of observations and theory of young giant planets and will discuss these and other specific examples where improved laboratory measurements for alkali compounds have the potential of substantially improving our understanding of these atmospheres.

Comparison of enamel defects in the primary and permanent dentitions of children from a low-fluoride District in Australia.

PubMed

Seow, W Kim; Ford, Daniel; Kazoullis, Stauros; Newman, Bruce; Holcombe, Trevor

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare developmental defects of enamel (DDE) in the primary and permanent dentitions of children from a low-fluoride district. A total of 517 healthy schoolchildren were examined using the modified DDE criteria. The prevalence of DDE in the primary and permanent dentition was 25% and 58%, respectively (P<.001). The mean number of teeth with enamel opacity per subject was approximately threefold compared to that affected by enamel hypoplasia (3.1±3.8 vs 0.8±1.4, P<.001 in the primary dentition and 3.6±4.7 vs 1.2±2.2, P<.001 in the permanent dentition). Demarcated opacities (83%) were predominant compared to diffuse opacities (17%), while missing enamel was the most common type of enamel hypoplasia (50%), followed by grooves (31%) and enamel pits (19%) (P=.04). In the permanent dentition, diffuse and demarcated opacities were equally frequent, while enamel grooves were the commonest type of hypoplasia (52%), followed by missing enamel (35%) and enamel pits (5%; P<.001). In a low-fluoride community, developmental defects of enamel were twice as common in the permanent dentition vs the primary dentition. In the primary dentition, the predominant defects were demarcated opacities and missing enamel, while in the permanent dentition, the defects were more variable.

Discoveries, developments boost interest in Bangladesh

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-11-11

The government of Bangladesh is expected to open a new exploration licensing round by yearend, following approval of a new model production sharing contract this fall. Initial interest in new licenses from international companies is high, and a number of new contracts are expected to be signed in 1997. State firm Petrobangla is expected to give companies 90 days to submit bids once the exploration round is announced. It is now known whether the round will include rights to undeveloped or partially developed fields. Discovery of multipay Sangu gas field by Cairn Energy plc, Edinburgh, early this year created greatmore » interest among international companies. The analyst estimated Sangu reserves at 1 tcf of gas. Sangu, on Block 16 in the Bay of Bengal, is being considered for development with a small production platform and a pipeline to shore. The paper discusses the existing licenses and production prospects.« less

Protecting Privacy of Shared Epidemiologic Data without Compromising Analysis Potential

DOE PAGES

Cologne, John; Grant, Eric J.; Nakashima, Eiji; ...

2012-01-01

Objective . Ensuring privacy of research subjects when epidemiologic data are shared with outside collaborators involves masking (modifying) the data, but overmasking can compromise utility (analysis potential). Methods of statistical disclosure control for protecting privacy may be impractical for individual researchers involved in small-scale collaborations. Methods . We investigated a simple approach based on measures of disclosure risk and analytical utility that are straightforward for epidemiologic researchers to derive. The method is illustrated using data from the Japanese Atomic-bomb Survivor population. Results . Masking by modest rounding did not adequately enhance security but rounding to remove several digits of relativemore » accuracy effectively reduced the risk of identification without substantially reducing utility. Grouping or adding random noise led to noticeable bias. Conclusions . When sharing epidemiologic data, it is recommended that masking be performed using rounding. Specific treatment should be determined separately in individual situations after consideration of the disclosure risks and analysis needs.« less

Symmetric tape round REBCO wire with J e (4.2 K, 15 T) beyond 450 A mm‑2 at 15 mm bend radius: a viable candidate for future compact accelerator magnet applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kar, Soumen; Luo, Wenbo; Ben Yahia, Anis; Li, Xiaofen; Majkic, Goran; Selvamanickam, Venkat

2018-04-01

Round REBCO (RE = rare earth) wires of 1.6–1.85 mm diameter have been fabricated using ultrathin REBCO tapes where the superconductor film is positioned near the geometric center. Such symmetric tape round (STAR) wires exhibit excellent tolerance to bend strain with a critical current retention of more than 97% when bent to a radius of 15 mm. A 1.6 mm diameter REBCO STAR wire made with six 2.5 mm wide symmetric tapes reached an engineering current density (J e) of 454 A mm‑2 at 4.2 K in a background field of 15 T at a bend radius of 15 mm. Such superior performance at a small bend radius can enable fabrication of future accelerator magnets, operating at magnetic fields above 20 T.

Human round trip to Mars: Six months and radiation safe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazareth, O. W.; Schmidt, E.; Ludewig, H.; Powell, J. R.

We describe a different type of round trip to Mars, using a combination of spacecraft. Compared to typical proposals, this flight is relatively fast and relatively safe from biological radiation dosage. Our study is concerned with the trip from Earth orbit to Mars orbit. Four spacecraft are required for the round trip. The crew spends most of their time on board a comparatively large, well shielded spacecraft (LC) which is in free (non-powered) orbit about the sun. The crew travels from Earth orbit to the LC while on board a comparatively small, powered spacecraft (SC). At Mars, the procedure is reversed and the crew returns on a second LC. In addition, a cargo craft, with no crew, is sent to Mars prior to the crew leaving Earth orbit. The trip time is about six months and the radiation dose equivalent is within guidelines recommended by the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements.

Human round trip to Mars: Six months and radiation-safe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lazareth, Otto W.; Schmidt, Eldon; Ludewig, Hans; Powell, James R.

1992-01-01

We describe a different type of round trip to Mars, using a combination of spacecraft. Compared to typical proposals, this flight is relatively fast and relatively safe from biological radiation dosage. Our study is concerned with the trip from Earth orbit to Mars orbit. Four spacecraft are required for the round trip. The crew spends most of their time on board a comparatively large, well shielded spacecraft (LC) which is in free (non-powered) orbit about the sun. The crew travels from Earth orbit to the LC while on board a comparatively small, powered spacecraft (SC). At Mars, the procedure is reversed and the crew returns on a second LC. In addition, a cargo craft, with no crew, is sent to Mars prior to the crew leaving Earth orbit. The trip time is about six months and the radiation dose equivalent is within guidelines recommended by the National Commission on Radiation Protection and Measurements.

Protecting Privacy of Shared Epidemiologic Data without Compromising Analysis Potential

PubMed Central

Cologne, John; Grant, Eric J.; Nakashima, Eiji; Chen, Yun; Funamoto, Sachiyo; Katayama, Hiroaki

2012-01-01

Objective. Ensuring privacy of research subjects when epidemiologic data are shared with outside collaborators involves masking (modifying) the data, but overmasking can compromise utility (analysis potential). Methods of statistical disclosure control for protecting privacy may be impractical for individual researchers involved in small-scale collaborations. Methods. We investigated a simple approach based on measures of disclosure risk and analytical utility that are straightforward for epidemiologic researchers to derive. The method is illustrated using data from the Japanese Atomic-bomb Survivor population. Results. Masking by modest rounding did not adequately enhance security but rounding to remove several digits of relative accuracy effectively reduced the risk of identification without substantially reducing utility. Grouping or adding random noise led to noticeable bias. Conclusions. When sharing epidemiologic data, it is recommended that masking be performed using rounding. Specific treatment should be determined separately in individual situations after consideration of the disclosure risks and analysis needs. PMID:22505949

Protecting privacy of shared epidemiologic data without compromising analysis potential.

PubMed

Cologne, John; Grant, Eric J; Nakashima, Eiji; Chen, Yun; Funamoto, Sachiyo; Katayama, Hiroaki

2012-01-01

Ensuring privacy of research subjects when epidemiologic data are shared with outside collaborators involves masking (modifying) the data, but overmasking can compromise utility (analysis potential). Methods of statistical disclosure control for protecting privacy may be impractical for individual researchers involved in small-scale collaborations. We investigated a simple approach based on measures of disclosure risk and analytical utility that are straightforward for epidemiologic researchers to derive. The method is illustrated using data from the Japanese Atomic-bomb Survivor population. Masking by modest rounding did not adequately enhance security but rounding to remove several digits of relative accuracy effectively reduced the risk of identification without substantially reducing utility. Grouping or adding random noise led to noticeable bias. When sharing epidemiologic data, it is recommended that masking be performed using rounding. Specific treatment should be determined separately in individual situations after consideration of the disclosure risks and analysis needs.

A non-grey analytical model for irradiated atmospheres. I. Derivation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parmentier, Vivien; Guillot, Tristan

2014-02-01

Context. Semi-grey atmospheric models (with one opacity for the visible and one opacity for the infrared) are useful for understanding the global structure of irradiated atmospheres, their dynamics, and the interior structure and evolution of planets, brown dwarfs, and stars. When compared to direct numerical radiative transfer calculations for irradiated exoplanets, however, these models systematically overestimate the temperatures at low optical depths, independently of the opacity parameters. Aims: We investigate why semi-grey models fail at low optical depths and provide a more accurate approximation to the atmospheric structure by accounting for the variable opacity in the infrared. Methods: Using the Eddington approximation, we derive an analytical model to account for lines and/or bands in the infrared. Four parameters (instead of two for the semi-grey models) are used: a visible opacity (κv), two infrared opacities, (κ1 and κ2), and β (the fraction of the energy in the beam with opacities κ1). We consider that the atmosphere receives an incident irradiation in the visible with an effective temperature Tirr and at an angle μ∗, and that it is heated from below with an effective temperature Tint. Results: Our non-grey, irradiated line model is found to provide a range of temperatures that is consistent with that obtained by numerical calculations. We find that if the stellar flux is absorbed at optical depth larger than τlim = (κR/κ1κ2)(κRκP/3)1/2, it is mainly transported by the channel of lowest opacity whereas if it is absorbed at τ ≳ τlim it is mainly transported by the channel of highest opacity, independently of the spectral width of those channels. For low values of β (expected when lines are dominant), we find that the non-grey effects significantly cool the upper atmosphere. However, for β ≳ 1/2 (appropriate in the presence of bands with a wavelength-dependence smaller than or comparable to the width of the Planck function), we find that the temperature structure is affected down to infrared optical depths unity and deeper as a result of the so-called blanketing effect. Conclusions: The expressions that we derive can be used to provide a proper functional form for algorithms that invert the atmospheric properties from spectral information. Because a full atmospheric structure can be calculated directly, these expressions should be useful for simulations of the dynamics of these atmospheres and of the thermal evolution of the planets. Finally, they should be used to test full radiative transfer models and to improve their convergence. A FORTRAN implementation of the analytical model is available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/562/A133 Warning, no authors found for 2014A&A...562A.130.

The Relevance of External Quality Assessment for Molecular Testing for ALK Positive Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Results from Two Pilot Rounds Show Room for Optimization

PubMed Central

Tembuyser, Lien; Tack, Véronique; Zwaenepoel, Karen; Pauwels, Patrick; Miller, Keith; Bubendorf, Lukas; Kerr, Keith; Schuuring, Ed; Thunnissen, Erik; Dequeker, Elisabeth M. C.

2014-01-01

Background and Purpose Molecular profiling should be performed on all advanced non-small cell lung cancer with non-squamous histology to allow treatment selection. Currently, this should include EGFR mutation testing and testing for ALK rearrangements. ROS1 is another emerging target. ALK rearrangement status is a critical biomarker to predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as crizotinib. To promote high quality testing in non-small cell lung cancer, the European Society of Pathology has introduced an external quality assessment scheme. This article summarizes the results of the first two pilot rounds organized in 2012–2013. Materials and Methods Tissue microarray slides consisting of cell-lines and resection specimens were distributed with the request for routine ALK testing using IHC or FISH. Participation in ALK FISH testing included the interpretation of four digital FISH images. Results Data from 173 different laboratories was obtained. Results demonstrate decreased error rates in the second round for both ALK FISH and ALK IHC, although the error rates were still high and the need for external quality assessment in laboratories performing ALK testing is evident. Error rates obtained by FISH were lower than by IHC. The lowest error rates were observed for the interpretation of digital FISH images. Conclusion There was a large variety in FISH enumeration practices. Based on the results from this study, recommendations for the methodology, analysis, interpretation and result reporting were issued. External quality assessment is a crucial element to improve the quality of molecular testing. PMID:25386659

A practical approach to the clinical diagnosis of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour and other small round cell tumours sharing EWS rearrangement using new fluorescence in situ hybridisation probes for EWSR1 on formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue.

PubMed

Yamaguchi, U; Hasegawa, T; Morimoto, Y; Tateishi, U; Endo, M; Nakatani, F; Kawai, A; Chuman, H; Beppu, Y; Endo, M; Kurotaki, H; Furuta, K

2005-10-01

Over 90% of Ewing's sarcoma/primitive neuroectodermal tumour (ES/PNET) cases have the t(11;22) chromosomal rearrangement, which is also found in other small round cell tumours, including desmoplastic small round cell tumour (DSRCT) and clear cell sarcoma (CCS). Although this rearrangement can be analysed by fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) using routinely formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded (FFPE) tissues when fresh or frozen tissues are not available, a sensitive and convenient detection method is needed for routine clinical diagnosis. To investigate the usefulness of newly developed probes for detecting EWS rearrangement resulting from chromosomal translocations using FISH and FFPE tissue in the clinical diagnosis of ES/PNET, DSRCT, and CCS. Sixteen ES/PNETs, six DSRCTs, and six CCSs were studied. Three poorly differentiated synovial sarcomas, three alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, and three neuroblastomas served as negative controls. Interphase FISH analysis was performed on FFPE tissue sections with a commercially available EWSR1 (22q12) dual colour, breakapart rearrangement probe. One fused signal and one split signal of orange and green, demonstrating rearrangement of the EWS gene, was detected in 14 of 16 ES/PNETs, all six DRSCTs, and five of six CCSs, but not in the negative controls. Interphase FISH using this newly developed probe is sensitive and specific for detecting the EWS gene on FFPE tissues and is of value in the routine clinical diagnosis of ES/PNET, DSRCT, and CCS.

The relevance of external quality assessment for molecular testing for ALK positive non-small cell lung cancer: results from two pilot rounds show room for optimization.

PubMed

Tembuyser, Lien; Tack, Véronique; Zwaenepoel, Karen; Pauwels, Patrick; Miller, Keith; Bubendorf, Lukas; Kerr, Keith; Schuuring, Ed; Thunnissen, Erik; Dequeker, Elisabeth M C

2014-01-01

Molecular profiling should be performed on all advanced non-small cell lung cancer with non-squamous histology to allow treatment selection. Currently, this should include EGFR mutation testing and testing for ALK rearrangements. ROS1 is another emerging target. ALK rearrangement status is a critical biomarker to predict response to tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as crizotinib. To promote high quality testing in non-small cell lung cancer, the European Society of Pathology has introduced an external quality assessment scheme. This article summarizes the results of the first two pilot rounds organized in 2012-2013. Tissue microarray slides consisting of cell-lines and resection specimens were distributed with the request for routine ALK testing using IHC or FISH. Participation in ALK FISH testing included the interpretation of four digital FISH images. Data from 173 different laboratories was obtained. Results demonstrate decreased error rates in the second round for both ALK FISH and ALK IHC, although the error rates were still high and the need for external quality assessment in laboratories performing ALK testing is evident. Error rates obtained by FISH were lower than by IHC. The lowest error rates were observed for the interpretation of digital FISH images. There was a large variety in FISH enumeration practices. Based on the results from this study, recommendations for the methodology, analysis, interpretation and result reporting were issued. External quality assessment is a crucial element to improve the quality of molecular testing.

Reappraisal of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma: novel morphologic observations of the hyaline cartilage and endochondral ossification and beta-catenin, Sox9, and osteocalcin immunostaining of 22 cases.

PubMed

Fanburg-Smith, Julie C; Auerbach, Aaron; Marwaha, Jayson S; Wang, Zengfeng; Rushing, Elisabeth J

2010-05-01

Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma, a rare malignant round cell and hyaline cartilage tumor, is most commonly intraosseous but can occur in extraskeletal sites. We intensively observed the morphology and applied Sox9 (master regulator of chondrogenesis), beta-catenin (involved in bone formation, thought to inhibit chondrogenesis in a Sox9-dependent manner), and osteocalcin (a marker for osteoblastic phenotype) to 22 central nervous system and musculoskeletal mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were retrieved and reviewed from our files. Immunohistochemistry and follow-up were obtained on mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and tumor controls. Twenty-two mesenchymal chondrosarcomas included 5 central nervous system (all female; mean age, 30.2; mean size, 7.8 cm; in frontal lobe [n = 4] and spinal cord [n = 1]) and 17 musculoskeletal (female-male ratio, 11:6; mean age, 31.1; mean size, 6.2 cm; 3 each of humerus and vertebrae; 2 each of pelvis, rib, tibia, neck soft tissue; one each of femur, unspecified bone, and elbow soft tissue). The hyaline cartilage in most tumors revealed a consistent linear progression of chondrocyte morphology, from resting to proliferating to hypertrophic chondrocytes. Sixty-seven percent of cases demonstrated cell death and acquired osteoblastic phenotype, cells positive for osteocalcin at the site of endochondral ossification. Small round cells of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma were negative for osteocalcin. SOX9 was positive in both components of 21 of 22 cases of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. beta-Catenin highlighted rare nuclei at the interface between round cells and hyaline cartilage in 35% cases. Control skull and central nervous system cases were compared, including chondrosarcomas and small cell osteosarcoma, the latter positive for osteocalcin in small cells. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma demonstrates centrally located hyaline cartilage with a linear progression of chondrocytes from resting to proliferative to hypertrophic, which undergoes endochondral ossification, recapitulating growth plate cartilage and suggesting that this component of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma may be a differentiated (benign or metaplastic) component of a malignant metastasizing tumor. This hyaline cartilage component is morphologically different from cartilage of control chondrosarcoma. Mesenchymal chondrosarcoma can be separated from small cell osteosarcoma, using Sox 9 for cartilage and osteocalcin for osteoblastic phenotype. Rare nuclear beta-catenin expression at the interface between hyaline cartilage and small round cells potentially implicates the APC/Wnt pathway during endochondral ossification in morphologically benign hyaline cartilage component of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Design Considerations for an OPAC Workstation: An Introduction to Specifications and a Model Configuration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Ron G.

1989-01-01

Describes guidelines for an online public access catalog (OPAC) workstation that will support the terminal, printer, and other peripherals. Workstation dimensions, lighting, wire management, printer and paper, acoustical treatment, seating, storage for books and coats, wastebasket, and interior decoration are addressed. Flexibility and simplicity…

40 CFR 75.14 - Specific provisions for monitoring opacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.14 Specific provisions for monitoring opacity. (a) Coal-fired units and oil-fired units. The owner or operator shall meet the general... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring...

40 CFR 75.14 - Specific provisions for monitoring opacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.14 Specific provisions for monitoring opacity. (a) Coal-fired units and oil-fired units. The owner or operator shall meet the general... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring...

40 CFR 75.14 - Specific provisions for monitoring opacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.14 Specific provisions for monitoring opacity. (a) Coal-fired units and oil-fired units. The owner or operator shall meet the general... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring...

40 CFR 75.14 - Specific provisions for monitoring opacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.14 Specific provisions for monitoring opacity. (a) Coal-fired units and oil-fired units. The owner or operator shall meet the general... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring...

40 CFR 75.14 - Specific provisions for monitoring opacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.14 Specific provisions for monitoring opacity. (a) Coal-fired units and oil-fired units. The owner or operator shall meet the general... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring...

40 CFR 75.20 - Initial certification and recertification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... §§ 75.11 through 75.18, where no continuous emission or opacity monitoring system was previously... section. Notwithstanding this paragraph, no continuous emission or opacity monitor systems for a... for loss of initial certification in paragraph (a)(5) of this section for each continuous emission or...

40 CFR 75.20 - Initial certification and recertification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... §§ 75.11 through 75.18, where no continuous emission or opacity monitoring system was previously... section. Notwithstanding this paragraph, no continuous emission or opacity monitor systems for a... for loss of initial certification in paragraph (a)(5) of this section for each continuous emission or...

75 FR 10174 - Source-Specific Federal Implementation Plan for Navajo Generating Station; Navajo Nation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-05

... Reclamation, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, the Arizona Public Service, the Nevada Power... over any normal 6 minute period, excluding condensed water vapour, and 40% opacity, averaged over 6 minutes, during absorber upset transition periods. The final opacity standard excludes uncombined water...

Solar neutrinos and the influences of opacity, thermal instability, additional neutrino sources, and a central black hole on solar models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stothers, R. B.; Ezer, D.

1972-01-01

Significant quantities that affect the internal structure of the sun are examined for factors that reduce the temperature near the sun's center. The four factors discussed are: opacity, central black hole, thermal instability, and additional neutrino sources.

Time Patterns in Remote OPAC Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Thomas A.

1993-01-01

Describes a transaction log analysis of the New York Public Library research libraries' OPAC (online public access catalog). Much of the remote searching occurred when the libraries were closed and was more evenly distributed than internal searching, demonstrating that remote searching could expand access and reduce peak system loads. (Contains…

40 CFR 60.11 - Compliance with standards and maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (meaning those fugitive-type emission sources subject only to an opacity standard). (c) The opacity standards set forth in this part shall apply at all times except during periods of startup, shutdown... startup, shutdown, and malfunction, owners and operators shall, to the extent practicable, maintain and...

75 FR 8292 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Opacity Source...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-24

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R03-OAR-2010-0009; FRL-9115-8] Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Virginia; Opacity Source Surveillance Methods AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: EPA proposes to approve the State...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fffff of... - Emission and Opacity Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel... opening in the building or structure housing the discharge end that exhibit opacity greater than 20... the atmosphere any secondary emissions that exit any opening in the building or structure housing the...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fffff of... - Emission and Opacity Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel... opening in the building or structure housing the discharge end that exhibit opacity greater than 20... the atmosphere any secondary emissions that exit any opening in the building or structure housing the...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fffff of... - Emission and Opacity Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel... opening in the building or structure housing the discharge end that exhibit opacity greater than 20... the atmosphere any secondary emissions that exit any opening in the building or structure housing the...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fffff of... - Emission and Opacity Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel... opening in the building or structure housing the discharge end that exhibit opacity greater than 20... the atmosphere any secondary emissions that exit any opening in the building or structure housing the...

40 CFR Table 1 to Subpart Fffff of... - Emission and Opacity Limits

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Integrated Iron and Steel... opening in the building or structure housing the discharge end that exhibit opacity greater than 20... the atmosphere any secondary emissions that exit any opening in the building or structure housing the...

40 CFR 62.15220 - What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? 62.15220 Section 62.15220 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system...

40 CFR 62.15220 - What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? 62.15220 Section 62.15220 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system...

Multimedia Visualizer: An Animated, Object-Based OPAC.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Newton S.

1991-01-01

Describes the Multimedia Visualizer, an online public access catalog (OPAC) that uses animated visualizations to make it more user friendly. Pictures of the system are shown that illustrate the interactive objects that patrons can access, including card catalog drawers, librarian desks, and bookshelves; and access to multimedia items is described.…

Two Moons Passing in the Night

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-07-22

This image from NASA Cassini spacecraft reminds us of how different Mimas and Pandora are when they appear together; although both are moons of Saturn, Pandora small size means that it lacks sufficient gravity to pull itself into a round shape.

Nonlinear Evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor Instability in a Radiation-supported Atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Yan-Fei; Davis, Shane W.; Stone, James M.

2013-02-01

The nonlinear regime of Rayleigh-Taylor instability (RTI) in a radiation supported atmosphere, consisting of two uniform fluids with different densities, is studied numerically. We perform simulations using our recently developed numerical algorithm for multi-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics based on a variable Eddington tensor (VET) as implemented in Athena, focusing on the regime where scattering opacity greatly exceeds absorption opacity. We find that the radiation field can reduce the growth and mixing rate of RTI, but this reduction is only significant when radiation pressure significantly exceeds gas pressure. Small-scale structures are also suppressed in this case. In the nonlinear regime, dense fingers sink faster than rarefied bubbles can rise, leading to asymmetric structures about the interface. By comparing the calculations that use a VET versus the Eddington approximation, we demonstrate that anisotropy in the radiation field can affect the nonlinear development of RTI significantly. We also examine the disruption of a shell of cold gas being accelerated by strong radiation pressure, motivated by models of radiation driven outflows in ultraluminous infrared galaxies. We find that when the growth timescale of RTI is smaller than acceleration timescale, the amount of gas that would be pushed away by the radiation field is reduced due to RTI.

Non-malignant chest x ray changes in patients with mesothelioma in a large cohort of asbestos insulation workers.

PubMed Central

Lilis, R; Ribak, J; Suzuki, Y; Penner, L; Bernstein, N; Selikoff, I J

1987-01-01

To assess the prevalence of non-malignant chest x ray abnormalities in cases of mesothelioma 184 cases of mesothelioma (72 pleural and 112 peritoneal) which had occurred in a cohort of asbestos insulation workers followed up since 1967 were studied. Chest x ray films of satisfactory quality, on which the presence or absence of non-malignant radiological changes indicating interstitial pulmonary fibrosis or pleural fibrosis or both, could be assessed with a high degree of certainty were available. In some cases (20% for pleural mesothelioma, 11.6% for peritoneal mesothelioma) non-malignant radiological changes were not radiologically detectable. Parenchymal interstitial fibrosis (small irregular opacities) only was found in a proportion of cases (25.4% of pleural mesotheliomas, 12.5% of peritoneal mesotheliomas). Pleural fibrosis only was detected in 17% of cases of pleural mesothelioma and 27% of cases of peritoneal mesothelioma. Most patients had both parenchymal and pleural fibrosis. Although these results tend to indicate that in peritoneal mesothelioma the proportion of pleural fibrosis is significantly higher, these findings might have been due to the fact that in most cases of pleural mesothelioma non-malignant changes were interpreted in one hemithorax only. In 46 cases (21 pleural, 25 peritoneal) in which sufficient lung tissue was available histopathology of lung parenchyma indicated the presence of interstitial fibrosis; in 20 (43.5%) of these the chest x ray film had been read as negative. Thus the absence of radiologically detectable small opacities on the chest x ray film does not exclude the existence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis in cases of mesothelioma among insulation workers. With lower levels of exposure (such as in family contacts of asbestos workers) it is conceivable that mesothelioma might occur in the absence of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. PMID:3606969

An Evaluation of the Surgical Trauma to Intracochlear Structures After Insertion of Cochlear Implant Electrode Arrays: A Comparison by Round Window and Antero-Inferior Cochleostomy Techniques.

PubMed

Sikka, Kapil; Kairo, Arvind; Singh, Chirom Amit; Roy, T S; Lalwani, Sanjeev; Kumar, Rakesh; Thakar, Alok; Sharma, Suresh C

2017-09-01

To evaluate the extent of intracochlear damage by histologic assessment of cadaveric temporal bones after insertion of cochlear implants by: round window approach and cochleostomy approach. Cochlear implantation was performed by transmastoid facial recess approach in 10 human cadaveric temporal bones. In 5 temporal bones, electrode insertion was acheieved by round window approach and in the remaining 5 bones, by cochleostomy approach. The bones were fixed, decalcified, sectioned and studied histologically. Grading of insertion trauma was assessed. In the round window insertion group, 2 bones had to be excluded from the study: one was damaged during handling with electrode extrusion and another bone did not show any demonstrable identifiable cochlear structure. Out of the 3 temporal bones, a total of 35 sections were examined: 24 demonstrated normal cochlea, 4 had basilar membrane bulging and 7 had fracture of bony spiral lamina. In the cochleostomy group, histology of 2 bones had to be discarded due to lack of any identifiable inner ear structures. Out of the 3 bones studied, 18 sections were examined: only 3 were normal, 4 sections had some bulge in spiral lamina and 11 had fracture of bony spiral lamina. The fracture of spiral lamina and bulge of basement membrane proportion is relatively higher if we perform cochleostomy as compared to round window approach. Therefore, round window insertion is relatively less traumatic as compared to cochleostomy. However, our sample size was very small and a study with a larger sample is required to further validate these findings.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peulen, Heike; Mantel, Frederick; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich

Purpose: Fibrotic changes after stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for stage I non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are difficult to distinguish from local recurrences (LR), hampering proper patient selection for salvage therapy. This study validates previously reported high-risk computed tomography (CT) features (HRFs) for detection of LR in an independent patient cohort. Methods and Materials: From a multicenter database, 13 patients with biopsy-proven LR were matched 1:2 to 26 non-LR control patients based on dose, planning target volume (PTV), follow-up time, and lung lobe. Tested HRFs were enlarging opacity, sequential enlarging opacity, enlarging opacity after 12 months, bulging margin, linear marginmore » disappearance, loss of air bronchogram, and craniocaudal growth. Additionally, 2 new features were analyzed: the occurrence of new unilateral pleural effusion, and growth based on relative volume, assessed by manual delineation. Results: All HRFs were significantly associated with LR except for loss of air bronchogram. The best performing HRFs were bulging margin, linear margin disappearance, and craniocaudal growth. Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the number of HRFs to detect LR had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.97 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.9-1.0), which was identical to the performance described in the original report. The best compromise (closest to 100% sensitivity and specificity) was found at ≥4 HRFs, with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 85%. A model consisting of only 2 HRFs, bulging margin and craniocaudal growth, resulted in a sensitivity of 85% and a specificity of 100%, with an AUC of 0.96 (95% CI 0.9-1.0) (HRFs ≥2). Pleural effusion and relative growth did not significantly improve the model. Conclusion: We successfully validated CT-based HRFs for detection of LR after SBRT for early-stage NSCLC. As an alternative to number of HRFs, we propose a simplified model with the combination of the 2 best HRFs: bulging margin and craniocaudal growth, although validation is warranted.« less

Improved Weather Forecasting for the Dynamic Scheduling System of the Green Bank Telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henry, Kari; Maddalena, Ronald

2018-01-01

The Robert C Byrd Green Bank Telescope (GBT) uses a software system that dynamically schedules observations based on models of vertical weather forecasts produced by the National Weather Service (NWS). The NWS provides hourly forecasted values for ~60 layers that extend into the stratosphere over the observatory. We use models, recommended by the Radiocommunication Sector of the International Telecommunications Union, to derive the absorption coefficient in each layer for each hour in the NWS forecasts and for all frequencies over which the GBT has receivers, 0.1 to 115 GHz. We apply radiative transfer models to derive the opacity and the atmospheric contributions to the system temperature, thereby deriving forecasts applicable to scheduling radio observations for up to 10 days into the future. Additionally, the algorithms embedded in the data processing pipeline use historical values of the forecasted opacity to calibrate observations. Until recently, we have concentrated on predictions for high frequency (> 15 GHz) observing, as these need to be scheduled carefully around bad weather. We have been using simple models for the contribution of rain and clouds since we only schedule low-frequency observations under these conditions. In this project, we wanted to improve the scheduling of the GBT and data calibration at low frequencies by deriving better algorithms for clouds and rain. To address the limitation at low frequency, the observatory acquired a Radiometrics Corporation MP-1500A radiometer, which operates in 27 channels between 22 and 30 GHz. By comparing 16 months of measurements from the radiometer against forecasted system temperatures, we have confirmed that forecasted system temperatures are indistinguishable from those measured under good weather conditions. Small miss-calibrations of the radiometer data dominate the comparison. By using recalibrated radiometer measurements, we looked at bad weather days to derive better models for forecasting the contribution of clouds to the opacity and system temperatures. We will show how these revised algorithms should help us improve both data calibration and the accuracy of scheduling low-frequency observations.

More missing stellar opacity?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stothers, Richard B.; Chin, Chao-Wen

1994-01-01

Observational data for Population I stars have shown that blue loops on the Hertzsprung-Russell (H-R) diagram form for stellar masses as low as approximately 4 solar mass. However, current state-of-the-art stellar models, unlike the older ones that were based on smaller opacities, fail to loop out of the red-giant region during core helium burning for masses less than 7 solar mass. A possible explanation is that the currently used Livermore opacities need to be further increased, by at least 70%, at temperatures characteristic of the base of the outer convection zone, around 1 x 10(exp 6) K. Indeed, no other suggested remedy seems to yield a blue loop at the lowest observed loop luminosities.

The influence of H2O line blanketing on the spectra of cool dwarf stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allard, F.; Hauschildt, P. H.; Miller, S.; Tennyson, J.

1994-01-01

We present our initial results of model atmosphere calculations for cool M dwarfs using an opacity sampling method and a new list of H2O lines. We obtain significantly improved fits to the infrared spectrum of the M dwarf VB10 when compared to earlier models. H2O is by far the dominant opacity source in cool stars. To illustrate this, we show the Rosseland mean of the total extinction under various assumptions. Our calculations demonstrate the importance of a good treatment of the water opacities in cool stars and the improvements possible by using up-to-date data for the water line absorption.

Large Subdued and Small Fresh Craters

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-27

This image from NASA Dawn spacecraft shows many large subdued craters that have smaller, younger craters on top of them on asteroid Vesta. There are two large subdued craters in the center of the image, which have very degraded and rounded rims.

Cloud Ozone Dust Imager (CODI). Volume 1; Investigation and Technical Plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clancy, R. Todd; Dusenbery, Paul; Wolff, Michael; James, Phil; Allen, Mark; Goguen, Jay; Kahn, Ralph; Gladstone, Rany; Murphy, Jim

1995-01-01

The Cloud Ozone Dust Imager (CODI) is proposed to investigate the current climatic balance of the Mars atmosphere, with particular emphasis on the important but poorly understood roles which dust and water ice aerosols play in this balance. The large atmospheric heating (20-50 K) resulting from global dust storms around Mars perihelion is well recognized. However, groundbased observations of Mars atmospheric temperatures, water vapor, and clouds since the Viking missions have identified a much colder, cloudier atmosphere around Mars aphelion that may prove as important as global dust storms in determining the interannual and long-term behavior of the Mars climate. The key climate issues CODI is designed to investigate are: 1) the degree to which non-linear interactions between atmospheric dust heating, water vapor saturation, and cloud nucleation influence the seasonal and interannual variability of the Mars atmosphere, and 2) whether the strong orbital forcing of atmospheric dust loading, temperatures and water vapor saturation determines the long-term balance of Mars water, as reflected in the north-south hemispheric asymmetries of atmospheric water vapor and polar water ice abundances. The CODI experiment will measure the daily, seasonal and (potentially) interannual variability of atmospheric dust and cloud opacities, and the key physical properties of these aerosols which determine their role in the climate cycles of Mars. CODI is a small (1.2 kg), fixed pointing camera, in which four wide-angle (+/- 70 deg) lenses illuminate fixed filters and CCD arrays. Simultaneous sky/surface imaging of Mars is obtained at an angular resolution of 0.28 deg/pixel for wavelengths of 255, 336, 502, and 673 nm (similar to Hubble Space Telescope filters). These wavelengths serve to measure atmospheric ozone (255 and 336 nm), discriminate ice and dust aerosols (336 and 673 nm), and construct color images (336, 502, and 673 nm). The CODI images are detected on four 512 x 512 pixel arrays, as partitioned on two 1024 x 1024 CCD's operated in frame transfer mode. The center of the CODI field-of-view is canted 40 deg from the zenith direction to obtain sky brightness measurements and a 20 deg surface field-of-view. Daily image observations will be conducted when the Sun is greater than or equal to 5 deg outside the edge of the CODI field-of-view, and twilight and nighttime imaging will obtained on a weekly basis. The 673 nm channel includes a polarizer wheel to obtain sky/surface polarimetry. A dust cover protects the entire lens assemblies of all four CODI channels. This opaque dust cover, which is normally opened for CODI imaging, includes a small fixed mirror and transparent window positioned above the 673 nm lens, to redirect the 673 nm field-of-view to the surface for descent imaging. Fixed pointing, internal data buffering, low operating power (2-4 W for less than or equal to 30 seconds), selective data transmission, and simple operational characteristics of the CODI experiment place minimum resource and operational demands on the Mars Surveyor 1998 lander. The CODI science goals are optimized for, but not restricted to, a low-latitude landing site (20 deg S-30 deg N). The primary CODI measurement objectives are the opacities, wave forms, particle properties (size, shape, and alignment), and heights of clouds; the opacities, particle properties, and vertical distribution of dust; and the opacity and vertical distribution of ozone. The variability of cloud, ozone, and dust opacities will be determined on diurnal, daily, and seasonal timescales. Wind velocities will be determined from cloud motions and wave characteristics; and the temporal variability of atmospheric water vapor, with limited altitude information, will be inferred from the CODI ozone observations. Secondary measurement objectives include limited descent imaging capability, surface uv-visible photometry and polarimetry, photochemistry, and meteorite infall rates.

Cloud Ozone Dust Imager (CODI)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clancy, R. Todd; Dusenbery, Paul; Wolff, Michael; James, Phil; Allen, Mark; Goguen, Jay; Kahn, Ralph; Gladstone, Rany; Murphy, Jim

1995-01-01

The Cloud Ozone Dust Imager (CODI) is proposed to investigate the current climatic balance of the Mars atmosphere, with particular emphasis on the important but poorly understood roles which dust and water ice aerosols play in this balance. The large atmospheric heating (20-50 K) resulting from global dust storms around Mars perihelion is well recognized. However, groundbased observations of Mars atmospheric temperatures, water vapor, and clouds since the Viking missions have identified a much colder, cloudier atmosphere around Mars aphelion that may prove as important as global dust storms in determining the interannual and long-term behavior of the Mars climate. The key climate issues CODI is designed to investigate are: 1) the degree to which non-linear interactions between atmospheric dust heating, water vapor saturation, and cloud nucleation influence the seasonal and interannual variability of the Mars atmosphere, and 2) whether the strong orbital forcing of atmospheric dust loading, temperatures and water vapor saturation determines the long-term balance of Mars water, as reflected in the north-south hemispheric asymmetries of atmospheric water vapor and polar water ice abundances. The CODI experiment will measure the daily, seasonal and (potentially) interannual variability of atmospheric dust and cloud opacities, and the key physical properties of these aerosols which determine their role in the climate cycles of Mars. CODI is a small (1.2 kg), fixed pointing camera, in which four wide-angle (+/- 70 deg) lenses illuminate fixed filters and CCD arrays. Simultaneous sky/surface imaging of Mars is obtained at an angular resolution of 0.28 deg/pixel for wavelengths of 255, 336, 502, and 673 nm (similar to Hubble Space Telescope filters). These wavelengths serve to measure atmospheric ozone (255 and 336 nm), discriminate ice and dust aerosols (336 and 673 nm), and construct color images (336, 502, and 673 nm). The CODI images are detected on four 512 x 512 pixel arrays, as partitioned on two 1024 x 1024 CCD's operated in frame transfer mode. The center of the CODI field-of-view is canted 40 deg from the zenith direction to obtain sky brightness measurements and a 20 deg surface field-of-view. Daily image observations will be conducted when the Sun is greater than or equal to 5 deg outside the edge of the CODI field-of-view, and twilight and nighttime imaging will obtained on a weekly basis. The 673 nm channel includes a polarizer wheel to obtain sky/surface polarimetry. A dust cover protects the entire lens assemblies of all four CODI channels. This opaque dust cover, which is normally opened for CODI imaging, includes a small fixed mirror and transparent window positioned above the 673 nm lens, to redirect the 673 nm field-of-view to the surface for descent imaging. Fixed pointing, internal data buffering, low operating power (2-4 W for less than or equal to 30 seconds), selective data transmission, and simple operational characteristics of the CODI experiment place minimum resource and operational demands on the Mars Surveyor 1998 lander. The CODI science goals are optimized for, but not restricted to, a low-latitude landing site (20 deg S-30 deg N). The primary CODI measurement objectives are the opacities, wave forms, particle properties (size, shape, and alignment), and heights of clouds; the opacities, particle properties, and vertical distribution of dust; and the opacity and vertical distribution of ozone. The variability of cloud, ozone, and dust opacities will be determined on diurnal, daily, and seasonal timescales. Wind velocities will be determined from cloud motions and wave characteristics; and the temporal variability of atmospheric water vapor, with limited altitude information, will be inferred from the CODI ozone observations. Secondary measurement objectives include limited descent imaging capability, surface uv-visible photometry and polarimetry, photochemistry, and meteorite infall rates.

40 CFR 60.2870 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SOURCES Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration... records of results of all initial and annual opacity tests onsite in either paper copy or electronic... annual opacity test reports as electronic or paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date and...

40 CFR 60.2870 - What are the recordkeeping and reporting requirements for air curtain incinerators?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SOURCES Emissions Guidelines and Compliance Times for Commercial and Industrial Solid Waste Incineration... records of results of all initial and annual opacity tests onsite in either paper copy or electronic... annual opacity test reports as electronic or paper copy on or before the applicable submittal date and...

Observations of Reflectivity of the Martian Surface in the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) Investigation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ivanov, Anton B.; Muhleman, Duane O.

2000-01-01

We are presenting results of calculation of the surface albedo of Mars at 1 micron wavelength from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) reflectivity measurements. The Mars Global Surveyor Thermal Emission Spectrometer (MGS TES) 9 micron opacity is employed to remove opacity from the MOLA measurements.

77 FR 2466 - Approval, Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Colorado: Smoke...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-18

..., Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Colorado: Smoke, Opacity and Sulfur Dioxide... Carbon Monoxide, NO 2 mean Nitrogen Dioxide and SO 2 mean Sulfur Dioxide. The initials BACT mean Best.... Summary of SIP Revisions Colorado's Regulation 1 governs opacity, particulates, sulfur dioxide (SO 2...

Engineering analysis of lightweight high-opacity newsprint production by fiber loading

Treesearch

John H. Klungness; Matthew L. Stroika; Marguerite S. Sykes; Said M. Abubakr; Werner Witek; Oliver U. Heise

1999-01-01

We estimated the capital effectiveness of fiber loading in regard to producing lightweight high-opacity newsprint. Fiber loading enhances fiber bonding at increased precipitated calcium carbonate levels without significant loss in Canadian standard freeness or additional use of energy. We investigated the return on investment (ROI) for fiber loading precipitated...

Reduction of greenhouse gases by fiber-loaded lightweight, high-opacity newsprint production

Treesearch

John H. Klungness; Matthew L. Stroika; Said M. Abubakr

1999-01-01

We estimated the effectiveness of fiber loading in reducing greenhouse gas emissions for producing lightweight high-opacity newsprint. Fiber loading enhances fiber bonding at increased precipitated calcium carbonate levels without significant loss in Canadian Standard Freeness or additional energy use. We investigated the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions for a...

76 FR 49391 - Approval, Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Colorado; Smoke...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-10

..., Disapproval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Colorado; Smoke, Opacity and Sulfur Dioxide... opacity, particulate, sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ), and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from sources. EPA has... mean Nitrogen Dioxide and SO2 mean Sulfur Dioxide. (vii) The initials BACT mean Best Available Control...

"Garbage" In, "Refuse and Refuse Disposal" Out: Making the Most of the Subject Authority File in OPAC.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horn, Marguerite E.

2002-01-01

Discusses the difference in subject access in OPACs (online public access catalogs) between subject searching (authority, alphabetic, or controlled vocabulary) versus keyword searching (uncontrolled, free text, natural language vocabulary). Compares a query on the term "garbage" in two online catalogs and discusses results. (Author/LRW)

Designing the OPAC User Interface to Improve Access and Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basista, Thomas; And Others

1991-01-01

Discussion of problems with retrieval of records in library online public access catalogs (OPACs) focuses on an ongoing research project at the Indiana University of Pennsylvania (IUP) that has been trying to improve subject retrieval vocabulary control using natural and thesaural language and on the design of a good graphical user interface.…

40 CFR 62.15215 - What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... initial evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system according to Performance Specification 1 in appendix B of 40 CFR part 60. Complete this evaluation by 180 days after your final compliance... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS...

40 CFR 60.1760 - What is required for my continuous opacity monitoring system and how are the data used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STANDARDS OF PERFORMANCE FOR NEW STATIONARY... monitoring system according to § 60.13. (c) Complete an initial evaluation of your continuous opacity monitoring system according to Performance Specification 1 in appendix B of this part. Complete the...

40 CFR 60.1765 - What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? 60.1765 Section 60.1765 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? Use the required span values...

40 CFR 60.1275 - What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring... additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? Use the required span values and applicable performance specifications...

40 CFR 60.1275 - What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring... additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? Use the required span values and applicable performance specifications...

40 CFR 60.1765 - What additional requirements must I meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... meet for the operation of my continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? 60.1765 Section 60.1765 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... continuous emission monitoring systems and continuous opacity monitoring system? Use the required span values...

Target simulations with SCROLL non-LTE opacity/emissivity databases.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klapisch, M.; Colombant, D.; Bar-Shalom, A.

2001-10-01

SCROLL[1], a collisional radiative model and code based on superconfigurations, is able to compute high Z non-LTE opacities and emissivities accurately and efficiently. It was used to create opacity/emissivity databases for Pd, Lu, Au on a 50 temperatures/80 densities grid. Incident radiation field was shown to have no effect on opacities in the case of interest, and was not taken into account. These databases were introduced in the hydrocode FAST1D[2]. SCROLL also gives an ionization temperature Tz which is used in FAST1D to obtain non-LTE corrections to the equation of state. Results will be compared to those of a previous version using Busquet’s algorithm[3]. Work supported by USDOE under a contract with NRL. [1] A. Bar-Shalom, J. Oreg and M. Klapisch, J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, 65, 43(2000). [2] J. H. Gardner, A. J. Schmitt, J. P. Dahlburg, C. J. Pawley, S. E. Bodner, S. P. Obenschain, V. Serlin and Y. Aglitskiy, Phys. Plasmas, 5, 1935 (1998). [3] M. Busquet, Phys. Fluids B, 5, 4191 (1993).

OPAC (orange peel activated carbon) derived from waste orange peel for the adsorption of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides from water: Adsorption isotherm, kinetic modelling and thermodynamic studies.

PubMed

Pandiarajan, Aarthi; Kamaraj, Ramakrishnan; Vasudevan, Sudharshan; Vasudevan, Subramanyan

2018-08-01

This study presents the orange peel activated carbon (OPAC), derived from biowaste precursor (orange peel) by single step pyrolysis method and its application for the adsorption of chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides from the water. The OPAC exhibited the surface area of 592.471 m 2  g -1 , pore volume and pore diameter of 0.242 cc g -1 and 1.301 nm respectively. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic equilibrium modelling for all chlorophenoxyacetic acid herbicides were investigated. The various parametric effects such as pH and temperature were evaluated. A pseudo-second-order kinetic model was well fitted for all the herbicides. The Langmuir isotherm was obeyed for all the herbicides and the maximum Langmuir capacity of 574.71 mg g -1 was achieved. The thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption increases with increase in temperature. The results shows that the orange peel derived carbon (OPAC) as effective and efficient adsorbent material for the removal of chlorophenoxyacid herbicides from the water. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

EBL Inhomogeneity and Hard-Spectrum Gamma-Ray Sources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abdalla, Hassan; Böttcher, Markus

2017-02-01

The unexpectedly hard very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) γ -ray spectra of a few distant blazars have been interpreted as evidence of a reduction of the γγ opacity of the universe due to the interaction of VHE γ -rays with the extragalactic background light (EBL) compared to the expectation from current knowledge of the density and cosmological evolution of the EBL. One of the suggested solutions to this problem involves the inhomogeneity of the EBL. In this paper, we study the effects of such inhomogeneity on the energy density of the EBL (which then also becomes anisotropic) and themore » resulting γγ opacity. Specifically, we investigate the effects of cosmic voids along the line of sight to a distant blazar. We find that the effect of such voids on the γγ opacity, for any realistic void size, is only of the order of ≲1% and much smaller than expected from a simple linear scaling of the γγ opacity with the line-of-sight galaxy underdensity due to a cosmic void.« less

Effect of liquid crystal birefringence on the opacity and off-axis haze of PDLC films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pane, S.; Caporusso, M.

1998-02-01

PDLC systems are thin films consisting of a dispersion of liquid crystal micro-droplets in a continuous solid phase of polymer matrix. Application of an electric field on a thin layer of PDLC sandwiched between two transparent on-state. This effect make them useful for a wide variety of applications. Among them, smart windows for architectural is the most popular subject in literature. For this application, the key parameters of performance are the haze and the opacity. There are essentially two technologies used to prepare PDLC films, namely micro-encapsulation and phase separation.In the present work we will show the correlation between the opacity and the off-axis haze in PDLC films prepared with a phase separation technology. We will give the general rule in order to select the liquid crystal properties that allow the preparation of high opacity ad low haze PDLC films. Further study about the control of the parameters which influence the performances of PDLC films prepared with phase separation technology and the difference with the NCAP approach are in progress at our laboratory.

Optical properties of polypropylene upon recycling.

PubMed

De Santis, Felice; Pantani, Roberto

2013-01-01

In the last few years there has been an increasing interest in the possibility of recycling polymeric materials, using physical recycling. However, is it well known that polymers experience a depletion of all the properties upon recycling. These effects have been widely characterized in the literature for what concerns the mechanical or rheological properties. The changes of optical properties after recycling have been much less studied, even if, especially in food packaging, optical characteristics (above all the opacity) are of extreme importance, and thus it is quite significant to assess the effect of recycling on these properties. In this work, the influence of recycling steps on the opacity of films of a commercial grade of isotactic polypropylene (i-PP) was studied. The material was extruded several times to mimic the effect of recycling procedures. After extrusion, films were obtained by cooling samples of material at different cooling rates. The opacity of the obtained films was then measured and related to their crystallinity and morphology. It was found that opacity generally increases on increasing the amount of α phase and for the same amount of α phase on increasing the size of the spherulites.

Diagnosis of high-temperature implosions using low- and high-opacity Krypton lines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yaakobi, B.; Epstein, R.; Hooper, C.F. Jr.

1996-04-01

High-temperature laser target implosions can be achieved by using relatively thin-shell targets, and they can be. diagnosed by doping the fuel with krypton and measuring K-shell and L-shell lines. Electron temperatures of up to 5 keV at modest compressed densities ({approximately}1-5g/cm{sup 3}) are predicted for such experiments, with ion temperatures peaking above 10 keV at the center. It is found that the profiles of low-opacity (optically thin) lines in the expected density range are dominated by the Doppler broadening and can provide a measurement of the ion temperature if spectrometers of spectral resolution {Delta}{lambda}/{lambda} {ge} 1000 are used. For high-opacitymore » lines, obtained with a higher krypton fill pressure, the measurement of the escape factor can yield the {rho}R of the compressed fuel. At higher densities, Stark broadening of low-opacity lines becomes important and can provide a density measurement, whereas lines of higher opacity can be used to estimate the extent of mixing.« less

Sequencing small genomic targets with high efficiency and extreme accuracy

PubMed Central

Schmitt, Michael W.; Fox, Edward J.; Prindle, Marc J.; Reid-Bayliss, Kate S.; True, Lawrence D.; Radich, Jerald P.; Loeb, Lawrence A.

2015-01-01

The detection of minority variants in mixed samples demands methods for enrichment and accurate sequencing of small genomic intervals. We describe an efficient approach based on sequential rounds of hybridization with biotinylated oligonucleotides, enabling more than one-million fold enrichment of genomic regions of interest. In conjunction with error correcting double-stranded molecular tags, our approach enables the quantification of mutations in individual DNA molecules. PMID:25849638

First Description of the Nymph and Larva of Dermacentor raskemensis (Acari: Ixodidae), Parasites of Pikas and Other Small Mammals in Central Asia

PubMed Central

Apanaskevich, Dmitry A.

2014-01-01

Dermacentor raskemensis Pomerantzev, 1946 is one of the rare Asian species in this genus. The immature stages of this species have never been described. Reexamination of D. raskemensis holdings stored in the United States National Tick Collection revealed a collection lot containing reared nymphs and larvae of this species. This collection made it possible for us to find numerous nymphs and larvae of D. raskemensis among previously unidentified material collected in the field. Both immature stages of D. raskemensis are described here for the first time. Nymphs of D. raskemensis can be distinguished from those of other Dermacentor species in the region by small spiracular plate, relatively short and obtuse lateral projections of basis capituli dorsally, relatively short spurs on coxa I and the internal spur is characteristically very broadly rounded at its apex, and very small spur on coxa IV, whereas larvae of D. raskemensis can be distinguished from other Dermacentor by relatively short and obtuse lateral projections of basis capituli, ≈6 denticles in the median files on hypostome, and relatively short, broad, and rounded spur on coxa I. The nymphs and larvae of D. raskemensis studied originate from Afghanistan, India, Iran, and Pakistan, where they were collected from pikas and other small mammals. PMID:24180099

FIRST NEW SOLAR MODELS WITH OPAS OPACITY TABLES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Le Pennec, M.; Turck-Chièze, S.; Salmon, S.

Stellar seismology appears more and more as a powerful tool for a better determination of the fundamental properties of solar-type stars. However, the particular case of the Sun is still challenging. For about a decade now, the helioseismic sound-speed determination has continued to disagree with the standard solar model (SSM) prediction, questioning the reliability of this model. One of the sources of uncertainty could be in the treatment of the transport of radiation from the solar core to the surface. In this Letter, we use the new OPAS opacity tables, recently available for solar modeling, to address this issue. Wemore » discuss first the peculiarities of these tables, then we quantify their impact on the solar sound-speed and density profiles using the reduced OPAS tables taken on the grids of the OPAL ones. We use the two evolution codes, Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics and Code Liégeois d’Evolution Stellaire, that led to similar conclusions in the solar radiative zone. In comparison to commonly used OPAL opacity tables, the new solar models are computed for the most recent photospheric composition with OPAS tables and present improvements to the location of the base of the convective zone and to the description of the solar radiative zone in comparison to the helioseismic observations, even if the differences in the Rosseland mean opacity do not exceed 6%. We finally carry out a comparison to a solar model computed with the OP opacity tables.« less

[The occupational radiation-induced cataract in five industrial radiographers].

PubMed

Benzarti Mezni, A; Loukil, I; Hriz, N; Kallel, K; Mlaiki, N; Ben Jemaâ, A

2012-04-01

The industrial uses of ionizing radiation in Tunisia are expanding, especially in industry and most particularly in the nondestructive testing of welds. Thus workers operating in the non-destructive testing of welds may develop a radiation-induced cataract varying in time to onset depending on the dose. To describe the characteristics of the radiation-induced cataract in patients exposed to ionizing radiation, determine the risk factors of radiation-induced cataracts. This was an anamnestic, clinical, and environmental study of five cases of radiation-induced cataract in workers employed in non-destructive testing of welds. This series of five cases had a mean age of 30.2 years and 5.53 years of work experience, ranging from 14 months to 15 years. All the patients were male and industrial radiographers specialized in nondestructive testing of welds. The average duration of exposure to ionizing radiation was 5.53 years. None of the patients had worn protective gear such as eye goggles. The ophthalmic check-up for the five special industrial radiographers showed punctuate opacities in three cases, punctiform opacities in one eye in one case, and phacosclerosis with bilateral lens multiple crystalline stromal opacities in a case of micro-lens opacities in both eyes with opalescence of both eyes in one case. These cataracts had been declared as occupational diseases. The value of a specialized ophthalmologic surveillance among these workers and the early diagnosis of lens opacities must be emphasized. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

The role of atmospheric heat transport in the seasonal carbon dioxide cycle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pollack, James B.; Haberle, R. M.; Murphy, James R.; Schaeffer, J.

1993-01-01

We have carried out numerical experiments with a general circulations model (GCM) and energy balance model of the martian atmosphere to define the importance of heat transported to the polar regions in determining the amount of CO2 condensed on the surface during the fall and winter seasons and the amount sublimated during the spring and summer seasons. In so doing, we performed both sensitivity experiments, in which the dust opacity was varied over the full range of its observed values, and annual simulations, in which the dust opacity varied continuously with seasonal data, in accord with measurements taken at the Viking landers. Dust opacity represents the key variable for determining the contribution of atmospheric heat advection to the energy budget in the polar regions. The amount of heat advected to the winter polar regions increases monotonically as the dust opacity at low and middle latitudes increases. However, the increase is sharpest between optical depths of 0 and 1 tends to level off at still higher optical depths. Heat advection is more important at times of CO2 condensation than CO2 sublimation, since the temperature gradients are much steeper in the winter hemisphere than in the summer hemisphere. Because dust opacity is much higher during northern winter than during southern winter, atmospheric heat advection reduces the amount of CO2 that condenses in the north by a much larger factor than it does in the south.

The reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm: Derivation from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter data and application to climatology and meteorology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heavens, N. G.

2017-06-01

The Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) on board Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) made > 108 measurements of the reflectivity of Mars at 1064 nm (R1064) by both active sounding and passive radiometry. Past studies of R1064 neglected the effects of atmospheric opacity and viewing geometry on both active and passive measurements and also identified a potential calibration issue with passive radiometry. Therefore, as yet, there exists no acceptable reference R1064 to derive a column opacity product for atmospheric studies and planning future orbital lidar observations. Here, such a reference R1064 is derived by seeking R1064M,N: a Minnaert-corrected normal albedo under clear conditions and assuming minimal phase angle dependence. Over darker surfaces, R1064M,N and the absolute level of atmospheric opacity were estimated from active sounding. Over all surfaces, the opacity derived from active sounding was used to exclude passive radiometry measurements made under opaque conditions and estimate R1064M,N. These latter estimates then were re-calibrated by comparison with RM,N derived from Hubble Space Telescope (HST) observations over areas of approximately uniform reflectivity. Estimates of R1064M,N from re-calibrated passive radiometry typically agree with HST observations within 10%. The resulting R1064M,N is then used to derive and quantify the uncertainties of a column opacity product, which can be applied to meteorological and climatological studies of Mars, particularly to detect and measure mesoscale cloud/aerosol structures.

Conceptual design of initial opacity experiments on the national ignition facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heeter, R. F.; Bailey, J. E.; Craxton, R. S.; Devolder, B. G.; Dodd, E. S.; Garcia, E. M.; Huffman, E. J.; Iglesias, C. A.; King, J. A.; Kline, J. L.; Liedahl, D. A.; McKenty, P. W.; Opachich, Y. P.; Rochau, G. A.; Ross, P. W.; Schneider, M. B.; Sherrill, M. E.; Wilson, B. G.; Zhang, R.; Perry, T. S.

2017-02-01

Accurate models of X-ray absorption and re-emission in partly stripped ions are necessary to calculate the structure of stars, the performance of hohlraums for inertial confinement fusion and many other systems in high-energy-density plasma physics. Despite theoretical progress, a persistent discrepancy exists with recent experiments at the Sandia Z facility studying iron in conditions characteristic of the solar radiative-convective transition region. The increased iron opacity measured at Z could help resolve a longstanding issue with the standard solar model, but requires a radical departure for opacity theory. To replicate the Z measurements, an opacity experiment has been designed for the National Facility (NIF). The design uses established techniques scaled to NIF. A laser-heated hohlraum will produce X-ray-heated uniform iron plasmas in local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) at temperatures eV and electron densities 21~\\text{cm}-3$ . The iron will be probed using continuum X-rays emitted in a ps, diameter source from a 2 mm diameter polystyrene (CH) capsule implosion. In this design, of the NIF beams deliver 500 kJ to the mm diameter hohlraum, and the remaining directly drive the CH capsule with 200 kJ. Calculations indicate this capsule backlighter should outshine the iron sample, delivering a point-projection transmission opacity measurement to a time-integrated X-ray spectrometer viewing down the hohlraum axis. Preliminary experiments to develop the backlighter and hohlraum are underway, informing simulated measurements to guide the final design.

An improved random walk algorithm for the implicit Monte Carlo method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keady, Kendra P., E-mail: keadyk@lanl.gov; Cleveland, Mathew A.

In this work, we introduce a modified Implicit Monte Carlo (IMC) Random Walk (RW) algorithm, which increases simulation efficiency for multigroup radiative transfer problems with strongly frequency-dependent opacities. To date, the RW method has only been implemented in “fully-gray” form; that is, the multigroup IMC opacities are group-collapsed over the full frequency domain of the problem to obtain a gray diffusion problem for RW. This formulation works well for problems with large spatial cells and/or opacities that are weakly dependent on frequency; however, the efficiency of the RW method degrades when the spatial cells are thin or the opacities aremore » a strong function of frequency. To address this inefficiency, we introduce a RW frequency group cutoff in each spatial cell, which divides the frequency domain into optically thick and optically thin components. In the modified algorithm, opacities for the RW diffusion problem are obtained by group-collapsing IMC opacities below the frequency group cutoff. Particles with frequencies above the cutoff are transported via standard IMC, while particles below the cutoff are eligible for RW. This greatly increases the total number of RW steps taken per IMC time-step, which in turn improves the efficiency of the simulation. We refer to this new method as Partially-Gray Random Walk (PGRW). We present numerical results for several multigroup radiative transfer problems, which show that the PGRW method is significantly more efficient than standard RW for several problems of interest. In general, PGRW decreases runtimes by a factor of ∼2–4 compared to standard RW, and a factor of ∼3–6 compared to standard IMC. While PGRW is slower than frequency-dependent Discrete Diffusion Monte Carlo (DDMC), it is also easier to adapt to unstructured meshes and can be used in spatial cells where DDMC is not applicable. This suggests that it may be optimal to employ both DDMC and PGRW in a single simulation.« less

THE COLUMN DENSITY DISTRIBUTION AND CONTINUUM OPACITY OF THE INTERGALACTIC AND CIRCUMGALACTIC MEDIUM AT REDSHIFT (z) = 2.4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rudie, Gwen C.; Steidel, Charles C.; Shapley, Alice E.

2013-06-01

We present new high-precision measurements of the opacity of the intergalactic and circumgalactic medium (IGM; CGM) at (z) = 2.4. Using Voigt profile fits to the full Ly{alpha} and Ly{beta} forests in 15 high-resolution high-S/N spectra of hyperluminous QSOs, we make the first statistically robust measurement of the frequency of absorbers with H I column densities 14{approx}< log (N{sub H{sub I}}/cm{sup -2}){approx}<17.2. We also present the first measurements of the frequency distribution of H I absorbers in the volume surrounding high-z galaxies (the CGM, 300 pkpc), finding that the incidence of absorbers in the CGM is much higher than inmore » the IGM. In agreement with Rudie et al., we find that there are fractionally more high-N{sub H{sub I}} absorbers than low-N{sub H{sub I}} absorbers in the CGM compared to the IGM, leading to a shallower power law fit to the CGM frequency distribution. We use these new measurements to calculate the total opacity of the IGM and CGM to hydrogen-ionizing photons, finding significantly higher opacity than most previous studies, especially from absorbers with log (N{sub H{sub I}}/cm{sup -2}) < 17.2. Reproducing the opacity measured in our data as well as the incidence of absorbers with log (N{sub H{sub I}}/cm{sup -2})>17.2 requires a broken power law parameterization of the frequency distribution with a break near N{sub H{sub I}} Almost-Equal-To 10{sup 15} cm{sup -2}. We compute new estimates of the mean free path ({lambda}{sub mfp}) to hydrogen-ionizing photons at z{sub em} = 2.4, finding {lambda}{sub mfp} = 147 {+-} 15 Mpc when considering only IGM opacity. If instead, we consider photons emanating from a high-z star-forming galaxy and account for the local excess opacity due to the surrounding CGM of the galaxy itself, the mean free path is reduced to {lambda}{sub mfp} = 121 {+-} 15 Mpc. These {lambda}{sub mfp} measurements are smaller than recent estimates and should inform future studies of the metagalactic UV background and of ionizing sources at z Almost-Equal-To 2-3.« less

Galactic cold cores. V. Dust opacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juvela, M.; Ristorcelli, I.; Marshall, D. J.; Montillaud, J.; Pelkonen, V.-M.; Ysard, N.; McGehee, P.; Paladini, R.; Pagani, L.; Malinen, J.; Rivera-Ingraham, A.; Lefèvre, C.; Tóth, L. V.; Montier, L. A.; Bernard, J.-P.; Martin, P.

2015-12-01

Context. The project Galactic Cold Cores has carried out Herschel photometric observations of interstellar clouds where the Planck satellite survey has located cold and compact clumps. The sources represent different stages of cloud evolution from starless clumps to protostellar cores and are located in different Galactic environments. Aims: We examine this sample of 116 Herschel fields to estimate the submillimetre dust opacity and to search for variations that might be attributed to the evolutionary stage of the sources or to environmental factors, including the location within the Galaxy. Methods: The submillimetre dust opacity was derived from Herschel data, and near-infrared observations of the reddening of background stars are converted into near-infrared optical depth. We investigated the systematic errors affecting these parameters and used modelling to correct for the expected biases. The ratio of 250 μm and J band opacities is correlated with the Galactic location and the star formation activity. We searched for local variations in the ratio τ(250 μm)/τ(J) using the correlation plots and opacity ratio maps. Results: We find a median ratio of τ(250 μm) /τ(J) = (1.6 ± 0.2) × 10-3, which is more than three times the mean value reported for the diffuse medium. Assuming an opacity spectral index β = 1.8 instead of β = 2.0, the value would be lower by ~ 30%. No significant systematic variation is detected with Galactocentric distance or with Galactic height. Examination of the τ(250 μm) /τ(J) maps reveals six fields with clear indications of a local increase of submillimetre opacity of up to τ(250 μm) /τ(J) ~ 4 × 10-3 towards the densest clumps. These are all nearby fields with spatially resolved clumps of high column density. Conclusions: We interpret the increase in the far-infrared opacity as a sign of grain growth in the densest and coldest regions of interstellar clouds. Planck (http://www.esa.int/Planck) is a project of the European Space Agency - ESA - with instruments provided by two scientific consortia funded by ESA member states (in particular the lead countries: France and Italy) with contributions from NASA (USA), and telescope reflectors provided in a collaboration between ESA and a scientific Consortium led and funded by Denmark.Herschel is an ESA space observatory with science instruments provided by European-led Principal Investigator consortia and with important participation from NASA.Tables 1 and E.1 are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (ftp://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/584/A93Appendices are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

Chest Radiological Findings of Patients With Severe H1N1 Pneumonia Requiring Intensive Care.

PubMed

Rohani, Payam; Jude, Cecilia M; Chan, Kelvin; Barot, Nikhil; Kamangar, Nader

2016-01-01

A new strain of human influenza A (H1N1) virus originated from Mexico in 2009 and spread to more than 190 countries and territories. The World Health Organization (WHO) declared it a level 6 (highest level) pandemic. In August 2010, WHO announced that the H1N1 2009 influenza virus had moved into the postpandemic period. The WHO also declared that this flu strain is expected to continue to circulate as a seasonal virus "for some years to come." The objective of this study is to describe the chest radiographic and computed tomography (CT) findings of patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) during the 2009 pandemic. Patients with severe H1N1 pneumonia requiring ICU admission have extensive radiographic and CT abnormalities. Eighteen patients, aged 23 to 62 (mean 41), admitted to the ICU at UCLA-Olive View Medical Center with a primary diagnosis of pandemic H1N1 infection, confirmed either via rapid influenza detection test or by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction assay, formed the study population. All patients had chest x-ray (CXR) within 24 hours of admission and 5 patients had CT examinations. In this retrospective study, images were evaluated for the pattern (ground-glass opacities, consolidation, reticular opacities, and nodular opacities), distribution (unilateral/bilateral, upper/middle/lower lung zone, and central/peripheral/peribronchovascular), and extent (focal/multifocal/diffuse; number of lung zones) of abnormalities. All (100%) patients had abnormal CXR and CT studies. The predominant radiographic findings were ground-glass opacities (16 of 18; 89%), consolidation (16 of 18; 89%), and reticular opacities (6 of 18, 33%). The radiographic abnormalities were bilateral in 17 (94%) patients; involved lower lung distribution in 18 (100%) patients, and mid and lower lung distribution in 16 (89%) patients. Radiographic abnormalities were peribronchovascular in 11 (61%) patients and multifocal in 10 (56%). Sixteen (89%) patients had extensive abnormalities involving 3 or more lung zones. The patients requiring mechanical ventilation had a higher incidence of bilateral, diffuse consolidation in a peribronchovascular distribution on chest radiographs. The predominant CT abnormalities were consolidation (5 of 5; 100%), ground-glass opacities (5 of 5; 100%), and nodular opacities (3 of 5, 60%). The CT findings were peribronchovascular and multifocal in 4 (80%) patients and extensive and bilateral in all (100%) patients. Patients with H1N1 pneumonia admitted to the ICU had bilateral, extensive CXR, and CT abnormalities. Consolidations and ground-glass opacities were the most common imaging findings, predominantly affecting mid and lower lung zones. Imaging abnormalities were peribronchovascular and multifocal in a majority of patients. © The Author(s) 2014.

Impact of Internet Search Engines on OPAC Users: A Study of Punjabi University, Patiala (India)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kumar, Shiv

2012-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to study the impact of internet search engine usage with special reference to OPAC searches in the Punjabi University Library, Patiala, Punjab (India). Design/methodology/approach: The primary data were collected from 352 users comprising faculty, research scholars and postgraduate students of the university. A…