21 CFR 872.3420 - Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and cationic polyacrylamide polymer denture adhesive.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... polyacrylamide polymer denture adhesive. 872.3420 Section 872.3420 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION....3420 Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and cationic polyacrylamide polymer denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A carboxymethylcellulose sodium and cationic polyacrylamide polymer denture adhesive is a device...

21 CFR 872.3410 - Ethylene oxide homopolymer and/or carboxymethylcellulose sodium denture adhesive.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ethylene oxide homopolymer and/or....3410 Ethylene oxide homopolymer and/or carboxymethylcellulose sodium denture adhesive. (a) Identification. An ethylene oxide homopolymer and/or carboxymethylcellulose sodium denture adhesive is a device...

21 CFR 872.3490 - Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. 872.3490 Section 872.3490 Food and Drugs... maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive is a device...

21 CFR 872.3490 - Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. 872.3490 Section 872.3490 Food and Drugs... maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive is a device...

21 CFR 872.3490 - Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. 872.3490 Section 872.3490 Food and Drugs... maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive is a device...

21 CFR 872.3490 - Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. 872.3490 Section 872.3490 Food and Drugs... maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive is a device...

21 CFR 872.3490 - Carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. 872.3490 Section 872.3490 Food and Drugs... maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A carboxymethylcellulose sodium and/or polyvinylmethylether maleic acid calcium-sodium double salt denture adhesive is a device...

Rapamycin and a hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane did not lead to reduced adhesion formations in a rat abdominal adhesion model.

PubMed

Dietrich, Arne; Bouzidi, Maria; Hartwig, Thomas; Schütz, Alexander; Jonas, Sven

2012-06-01

Rapamycin, an immunosuppressive in transplant surgery, has an additional antiproliferative effect. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential protective effects of rapamycin on postoperative adhesion development. Ten rats per group underwent midline incision laparotomy and adhesion induction including bowel sutures. Therapy groups received daily intraperitoneal rapamycin injections (1.5 mg/kg body weight) for 3 weeks postoperatively. Controls were rats without any postoperative treatment, rats receiving the rapamycin solvent or a hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose membrane (Seprafilm(™)). Postoperative rapamycin application led to enhanced adhesion development and there was a higher rate of wound infections. In addition, Seprafilm(™) did not reduce adhesions, in subgroups there were even more. Rapamycin is not recommendable for perioperative immunosuppression, it enhances adhesion development and leads to a higher rate of wound infections. Surprisingly, the established Seprafilm(™) membrane led to more adhesions in our experimental setting.

A Hybrid Methacrylate-Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Interpolyelectrolyte Complex: Rheometry and in Silico Disposition for Controlled Drug Release

PubMed Central

Ngwuluka, Ndidi Chinyelu; Choonara, Yahya Essop; Kumar, Pradeep; Modi, Girish; du Toit, Lisa Claire; Pillay, Viness

2013-01-01

The rheological behavioral changes that occurred during the synthesis of an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of methacrylate copolymer and sodium carboxymethylcellulose were assessed. These changes were compared with the rheological behavior of the individual polymers employing basic viscosity, yield stress, stress sweep, frequency sweep, temperature ramp as well as creep and recovery testing. The rheological studies demonstrated that the end-product of the complexation of low viscous methacrylate copolymer and entangled solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose generated a polymer, which exhibited a solid-like behavior with a three-dimensional network. Additionally, the rheological profile of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose and methacrylate copolymer with respect to the effect of various concentrations of acetic acid on the synthesis of the IPEC was elucidated using molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) by exploring the spatial disposition of carboxymethylcellulose and methacrylate copolymer with respect to each other and acetic acid. The computational results corroborated well with the experimental in vitro drug release data. Results have shown that the IPEC may be suitable polymeric material for achieving controlled zero-order drug delivery. PMID:28788332

21 CFR 201.319 - Water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids (including, but not limited to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carrageenan, chondrus, glucomannan ((B-1,4 linked) polymannose acetate), guar gum, karaya..., carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carrageenan, chondrus, glucomannan ((B-1,4 linked) polymannose acetate), guar gum, karaya..., carrageenan, chondrus, glucomannan ((B-1,4 linked) polymannose acetate), guar gum, karaya gum, kelp...

21 CFR 872.3500 - Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA...) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3500 Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA.... Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NACMC) denture...

21 CFR 872.3500 - Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA...) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3500 Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA.... Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NACMC) denture...

21 CFR 872.3500 - Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA...) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3500 Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA.... Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NACMC) denture...

21 CFR 872.3500 - Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA...) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3500 Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA.... Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NACMC) denture...

21 CFR 872.3500 - Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA...) MEDICAL DEVICES DENTAL DEVICES Prosthetic Devices § 872.3500 Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA.... Polyvinylmethylether maleic anhydride (PVM-MA), acid copolymer, and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (NACMC) denture...

[Crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel with different ratio of molecular weight for subcutaneous injection: animal experimental study and clinical trials subcutaneous injection].

PubMed

Ran, Weizhi; Wang, Xiaoli; Hu, Yuefei; Gao, Songying; Yang, Yahong; Sun, Jian; Sun, Shuming; Liu, Zhongmei; Wang, Jiangling

2015-05-01

To investigate the biocompatibility and degradation rate of crosslinking sodium hyaluronate gel with different ratio of molecular weight, so as to choose the effective, safe and totally degraded hyaluronate gel for aesthetic injection. (1) Compound colloid was formed by cross-linking the divinyl sulphone and sodium hyaluronate with different molecular weight (4 x 10(5), 8 x 10(5), 10 x 10(5), 12 x 10(5)). (2) Healthy level KM mice was randomly divided into two groups to receive hyaluronic acid gel or liquid injection. Each group was subdivided into three subgroup to receive hyaluronic acid with different molecular weight. The biocompatibility and degradation rate, of hyaluronate were observed at 7, 90, 180 days after injection. At the same time, different molecular weight of sodium hyaluronate gel is sealed or exposed respectively under the low temperature preservation to observe its natural degradation rate. (3) The most stable colloid was selected as aesthetic injector for volunteers to observe the aesthetic effect. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 4 x 10(5) was completely degraded 90 days later. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 8 x 10(5) was completely degraded 180 days later. The sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular of 10 x 10(5) was degraded to 90.0% after 180 days. The sodium hyaluronate liquid can be degraded completely within 7 days. The colloid could be kept for at least 12 months when sealed under low temperature, but was totally degraded when exposed for I d. Sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular 10 x 10(5) was confirmed to be kept for at least 6 months in animal experiment and clinical trials. Under the same condition of material ratio, the higher the molecular weight is, the lower the degradation rate is. But the liquidity of gel is not good for injection when molecular weight is too large. It suggests that Sodium hyaluronate gel with molecular 10 x 10(5) maybe the best choice in cosmetic injections.

Multilayer Films and Capsules of Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose and Polyhexamethylenguanidine Hydrochloride

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guzenko, Nataliia; Gabchak, Oleksandra; Pakhlov, Evgenij

The complexation of polyhexamethylenguanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) was investigated for different conditions. Mixing of equiconcentrated aqueous solutions of the polyelectrolytes was found to result in the formation of an insoluble interpolyelectrolyte complex with an overweight of carboxymethylcellulose. A step-by-step formation of stable, irreversibly adsorbed multilayer film of the polymers was demonstrated using the quartz crystal microbalance method. Unusually thick polymer shells with a large number of loops and tails of the polyanion were formed by the method of layer-by-layer self-assembly of PHMG and CMC on spherical CaCO3 particles. Hollow multilayer capsules stable in neutral media were obtained by dissolution of the inorganic matrix in EDTA solution.

The influence of polymeric component of bioactive glass-based nanocomposite paste on its rheological behaviors and in vitro responses: hyaluronic acid versus sodium alginate.

PubMed

Sohrabi, Mehri; Hesaraki, Saeed; Kazemzadeh, Asghar

2014-04-01

Different biocomposite pastes were prepared from a solid phase that was nanoparticles of sol-gel-derived bioactive glass and different liquid phases including 3% hyaluronic acid solution, sodium alginate solutions (3% and 10 %) or mixtures of hyaluronic acid and sodium alginate (3% or 10 %) solutions in 50:50 volume ratio. Rheological properties of the pastes were measured in both rotatory and oscillatory modes. The washout behavior and in vitro apatite formation of the pastes were determined by soaking them in simulated body fluid under dynamic situation for 14 days. The proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MG-63 osteoblastic cells were also determined using extracts of the pastes. All pastes could be easily injected from the standard syringes with different tip diameters. All pastes exhibited visco-elastic character, but a nonthixotropic paste was obtained using hyaluronic acid in which the loss modulus was higher than the storage modulus. The thixotropy and storage modulus were increasingly improved by adding/using sodium alginate as mixing liquid. Moreover, the pastes in which the liquid phase was sodium alginate or mixture of hyaluronic acid and 10% sodium alginate solution revealed better apatite formation ability and washout resistance than that made of hyaluronic acid alone. No cytotoxicity effects were observed by extracts of the pastes on osteoblasts but better alkaline phosphatase activity was found for the pastes containing hyaluronic acid. Overall, injectable biocomposites can be produced by mixing bioactive glass nanoparticles and sodium alginate/hyaluronic acid polymers. They are potentially useful for hard and even soft tissues treatments. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Conservative treatment for late-onset bleb leaks after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C in patients with ocular surface disease

PubMed Central

Sagara, Hideto; Iida, Tomohiro; Saito, Kimimori; Noji, Hiroki; Ogasawara, Masashi; Oyamada, Hiroshi

2012-01-01

Background Sodium hyaluronate and autologous serum eye drops are used to treat ocular surface disease (OSD) and are reported to prevent and treat late-onset bleb leaks following trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of a combination of sodium hyaluronate and autologous serum eye drops and treatment for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction as a therapy for late-onset bleb leaks after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C. Methods This was a retrospective, interventional, nonsimultaneous study of 12 subjects (12 eyes) of mean age of 64.3 ± 18.3 years with OSD and apparent late-onset bleb leaks following trabeculectomy with mitomycin C between 1998 and 2008. We compared patients diagnosed with leakages before July 2005, who had been treated with separate eye drop solutions containing 0.1% sodium hyaluronate, 50% autologous serum, and 0.3% ofloxacin (sodium hyaluronate and autologous serum group, n = 7), with patients diagnosed from August 2005 to December 2008, who were treated with a combination of eye drops (0.1% sodium hyaluronate, 50% autologous serum, and 0.08% levofloxacin hydrate) and eyelid massage and warm compresses for obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction (combination eye drop group, n = 5). Results Leakage was resolved in one patient (14.3%) in the separately treated sodium hyaluronate and autologous serum eye drop group and in five patients (100%) in the combination eye drop group (P = 0.015). The period after resolution of leakage with conservative treatment was 23 months in the one eye in the sodium hyaluronate and autologous serum group and 36–61 (mean 52.4 ± 10.1) months in the five eyes in the combination eye drop group. Conclusion Late-onset bleb leaks following trabeculectomy with mitomycin C can be treated effectively using a combination of sodium hyaluronate and autologous serum eye drops, eyelid massage, and warm compresses. Furthermore, combining eye drops may improve patient adherence to the drug regimen by decreasing the frequency of administration. PMID:22927739

Ionic polysaccharide hydrogels via the Passerini and Ugi multicomponent condensations: synthesis, behavior and solid-state NMR characterization.

PubMed

de Nooy, A E; Capitani, D; Masci, G; Crescenzi, V

2000-01-01

Original data are provided demonstrating that the title condensations are simple and versatile methods for the synthesis of hydrogels based on a variety of carboxylated polysaccharides. In this work, the biopolymers considered are sodium hyaluronate and sodium alginate. Nonnatural carboxylated polysaccharides were commercial (carboxymethyl)cellulose or were obtained by carboxymethylation or selective oxidation of primary alcohol groups of scleroglucan and dextran. Hydrogels prepared via the Passerini reaction were transparent, alkali labile materials whereas the transparency of the Ugi gels depended on the polysaccharide, the cross-linker, and the degree of cross-linking. The Ugi gels were stable for several months at a pH ranging from 1.3 to 11 and up to temperatures over 90 degrees C. The structure of the networks was studied by means of 13C CP-MAS and 15N CP-MAS NMR spectroscopy. A quantitative NMR analysis and elemental analysis of the dry gels allowed us to estimate the efficiency of the reactions, i.e., the actual degree of cross-linking, which appeared to be about 80% of theoretical. The influence of added salt and pH on the swelling of several Ugi gels with different degrees of cross-linking was studied in a qualitative manner.

Clinical evaluation of the additive effect of diquafosol tetrasodium on sodium hyaluronate monotherapy in patients with dry eye syndrome: a prospective, randomized, multicenter study.

PubMed

Kamiya, K; Nakanishi, M; Ishii, R; Kobashi, H; Igarashi, A; Sato, N; Shimizu, K

2012-10-01

To assess the additive effect of diquafosol tetrasodium on sodium hyaluronate monotherapy in patients with dry eye syndrome. This study evaluated 64 eyes of 32 patients (age: 62.6±12.8 years (mean±SD)) in whom treatment with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate was insufficiently responsive. The eyes were randomly assigned to one of the two regimens in each patient: topical administration of sodium hyaluronate and diquafosol tetrasodium in one eye, and that of sodium hyaluronate in the other. Before treatment, and 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, we determined tear volume, tear film break-up time (BUT), fluorescein and rose bengal vital staining scores, subjective symptoms, and adverse events. We found a significant improvement in BUT (P=0.049, Dunnett test), fluorescein and rose bengal staining scores (P=0.02), and in subjective symptoms (P=0.004 for dry eye sensation, P=0.02 for pain, and P=0.02 for foreign body sensation) 4 weeks after treatment in the diquafosol eyes. On the other hand, we found no significant change in these parameters after treatment in the control eyes. In dry eyes, where sodium hyaluronate monotherapy was insufficient, diquafosol tetrasodium was effective in improving objective and subjective symptoms, suggesting its viability as an option for the additive treatment of such eyes.

Preliminary study of highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based combination therapy for management of knee osteoarthritis-related pain

PubMed Central

Palmieri, Beniamino; Rottigni, Valentina; Iannitti, Tommaso

2013-01-01

Background Hyaluronic acid has been extensively used for treatment of knee osteoarthritis due to its anti-inflammatory properties and its ability to act as a synovial lubricant. Furthermore, it has found application in combination with other drugs in the dermatological field and in pre-clinical studies in animal models of osteoarthritis. Experimental evidence suggests that a combination of this macromolecule with other drugs may act as a slow-release depot. However, to date, to the best of our knowledge, no one has tested local intra-articular delivery of highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid combined with bisphosphonate or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for management of knee osteoarthritis pain in the clinical setting. The aim of the present randomized double-blind study was to investigate, for the first time, the effect of a highly cross-linked hyaluronic acid, Variofill®, alone or in combination with diclofenac sodium or sodium clodronate, for management of bilateral knee osteoarthritis-related pain. Methods Sixty-two patients with symptomatic bilateral medial tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren–Lawrence grade II and III) and pain in both knees corresponding to a daily visual analog scale (VAS) score ≥ 30 in the month before the beginning of the study were included in this investigation. Patients were divided into three groups: group 1, treated with an injection of hyaluronic acid alone (66 mg) into each knee; group 2, treated with an injection of hyaluronic acid (49.5 mg) plus diclofenac sodium (5 mg) into each knee; group 3, treated with an injection of hyaluronic acid (49.5 mg) plus sodium clodronate (5 mg) into each knee. Patients also underwent blood tests for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) immediately before and at 6-month follow-up. Results Hyaluronic acid alone and in combination with sodium clodronate or diclofenac sodium produced a significant improvement in mean VAS pain score at 3 and 6-month follow-up. At 6-month follow-up, therapy with hyaluronic acid plus sodium clodronate was the most beneficial in terms of percentage improvement in VAS pain score. A significant improvement in ESR and CRP was observed at 6-month follow-up in each treatment group. No significant difference was observed when the percentage change from baseline related to these parameters was compared among the groups. No dropout was observed in any group. No serious adverse events were observed. Conclusion Further studies are necessary to determine the effect of a therapy based on hyaluronic acid combined with diclofenac sodium or sodium clodronate in larger cohorts of patients affected by knee osteoarthritis and in longer-term follow-up. PMID:23326188

21 CFR 522.161 - Betamethasone acetate and betamethasone disodium phosphate aqueous suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... milligrams of dibasic sodium phosphate, 5 milligrams of sodium chloride, 0.1 milligram of disodium EDTA, 0.5 milligram of polysorbate 80, 9 milligrams of benzyl alcohol, 5 milligrams of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.8 milligrams of methylparaben, 0.2 milligram of propylparaben, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium...

21 CFR 522.161 - Betamethasone acetate and betamethasone disodium phosphate aqueous suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... milligrams of dibasic sodium phosphate, 5 milligrams of sodium chloride, 0.1 milligram of disodium EDTA, 0.5 milligram of polysorbate 80, 9 milligrams of benzyl alcohol, 5 milligrams of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.8 milligrams of methylparaben, 0.2 milligram of propylparaben, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium...

21 CFR 522.161 - Betamethasone acetate and betamethasone disodium phosphate aqueous suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... milligrams of dibasic sodium phosphate, 5 milligrams of sodium chloride, 0.1 milligram of disodium EDTA, 0.5 milligram of polysorbate 80, 9 milligrams of benzyl alcohol, 5 milligrams of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 1.8 milligrams of methylparaben, 0.2 milligram of propylparaben, hydrochloric acid and/or sodium...

Additive Effect of preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% in treatment of dry eye syndrome with diquafosol 3% eye drops.

PubMed

Hwang, Ho Sik; Sung, Yoon-Mi; Lee, Weon Sun; Kim, Eun Chul

2014-09-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the treatment effect of diquafosol 3% with preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% eye drops in dry eye syndrome. In total, 150 patients with dry eye syndrome were divided randomly into 3 groups. Group 1 (50 patients) was treated 4 times daily with preserved sodium hyaluronate 0.1%, group 2 (50 patients) was treated 4 times daily with diquafosol 3%, and group 3 (50 patients) was treated 4 times daily with diquafosol 3% and preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% eye drops for 3 months. Ocular surface disease index (OSDI) score, tear film break-up time, Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescein staining, and impression cytology were evaluated. There were significant improvements in the OSDI score, tear film break-up time, Schirmer I score, fluorescein and Rose Bengal staining, goblet cell density, and impression cytological findings in groups 2 and 3 compared with those for group 1 in patients with dry eye syndrome at 1, 2, and 3 months (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant improvements in the OSDI score (-8.48 ± 0.97, -5.69 ± 0.78; P = 0.02), fluorescein (-1.43 ± 0.21, -1.02 ± 0.18; P = 0.03), and Rose Bengal staining (-1.12 ± 0.26, -0.75 ± 0.12; P = 0.03), goblet cell density (89.65 ± 14.39, 70.36 ± 16.75; P = 0.03), and impression cytological findings (-0.53 ± 0.12, -0.34 ± 0.90; P = 0.01) in group 3 compared with those in group 2 at 3 months. Treatment with diquafosol 3% with preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% was more effective than diquafosol 3% monotherapy or treatment with preserved sodium hyaluronate 0.1% in dry eye syndrome. Preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% eye drops can increase the effect of diquafosol 3% in dry eye syndrome.

Adelmidrol, in combination with hyaluronic acid, displays increased anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects against monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in rats.

PubMed

Di Paola, Rosanna; Fusco, Roberta; Impellizzeri, Daniela; Cordaro, Marika; Britti, Domenico; Morittu, Valeria Maria; Evangelista, Maurizio; Cuzzocrea, Salvatore

2016-12-12

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease produced by a cascade of events that can ultimately lead to joint damage. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adelmidrol, a synthetic palmitoylethanolamide analogue, combined with hyaluronic acid on pain severity and modulation of the inflammatory response in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced osteoarthritis. OA was induced by intra-articular injection of MIA in the knee joint. On day 21 post-MIA administration, the knee joint was analyzed. Rats subjected to OA were treated by intra-articular injection of adelmidrol in combination with sodium hyaluronate at different doses and time points after MIA induction. Limb nociception was assessed by the paw withdrawal latency and threshold measurement. Samples were examined macroscopically, histologically, and by immunohistochemistry. At day 21 post-MIA injection, the MIA + solvent and MIA + 1.0% sodium hyaluronate groups showed irregularities and fibrillation in the surface layer, a decrease in blood cells and multilayering in transition and radial zones, no pannus formation, and modified Mankin scores significantly higher than sham knees. The combination of hyaluronic acid and adelmidrol dose-dependently (adelmidrol 0.6% + 1.0% sodium hyaluronate and adelmidrol 2% + 1.0% sodium hyaluronate) reduced the histological alterations induced by MIA. Moreover, degeneration of articular cartilage, mast cell infiltration, and pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine plasma levels were significantly downregulated by treatment with a combination of hyaluronic acid and adelmidrol at the above doses. Our results clearly demonstrate that the combination of hyaluronic acid and adelmidrol improves the signs of OA induced by MIA.

75 FR 1274 - Implantation or Injectable Dosage Form New Animal Drugs; Hyaluronate Sodium

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-11

... safety warning for use of hyaluronate sodium injectable solution in horses. DATES: This rule is effective... human food safety warning on product labeling. The supplemental NADA is approved as of December 11, 2009...

Maximizing adhesion of auxin solutions to stem cuttings using sodium cellulose glycolate

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Auxin solutions prepared with sodium cellulose glycolate (SCG; a thickening agent, also known as sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and applied to stem cuttings using a basal quick-dip extend the duration of exposure of cuttings to the auxin and have previously been shown to increase root number and/or ...

Elaboration of microparticles of carotenoids from natural and synthetic sources for applications in food.

PubMed

Rutz, Josiane K; Borges, Caroline D; Zambiazi, Rui C; da Rosa, Cleonice G; da Silva, Médelin M

2016-07-01

Carotenoids are susceptible to isomerization and oxidation upon exposure to oxygen, light and heat, which can result in loss of color, antioxidant activity, and vitamin activity. Microencapsulation helps retain carotenoid stability and promotes their release under specific conditions. Thus, the aim of the study was to encapsulate palm oil and β-carotene with chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate or chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose and to assess the performance of these microparticles in food systems by analyzing their release profile under simulated gastric and intestinal conditions. Encapsulation efficiency was greater than 95%, and the yield of microparticles coated with chitosan/sodium tripolyphosphate was approximately 55%, while that of microparticles coated with chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose was 87%. Particles encapsulated with chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose exhibited ideal release behavior in water and gastric fluid, but showed low release in the intestinal fluid. However, when applied to food systems these particles showed enhanced carotenoid release but showed low release of carotenoids upon storage. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fabrication of Novel Hydrogel with Berberine-Enriched Carboxymethylcellulose and Hyaluronic Acid as an Anti-Inflammatory Barrier Membrane

PubMed Central

Huang, Yu-Chih; Huang, Kuen-Yu; Yang, Bing-Yuan

2016-01-01

An antiadhesion barrier membrane is an important biomaterial for protecting tissue from postsurgical complications. However, there is room to improve these membranes. Recently, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) incorporated with hyaluronic acid (HA) as an antiadhesion barrier membrane and drug delivery system has been reported to provide excellent tissue regeneration and biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to fabricate a novel hydrogel membrane composed of berberine-enriched CMC prepared from bark of the P. amurense tree and HA (PE-CMC/HA). In vitro anti-inflammatory properties were evaluated to determine possible clinical applications. The PE-CMC/HA membranes were fabricated by mixing PE-CMC and HA as a base with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol to form a film. Tensile strength and ultramorphology of the membrane were evaluated using a universal testing machine and scanning electron microscope, respectively. Berberine content of the membrane was confirmed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 260 nm. Anti-inflammatory property of the membrane was measured using a Griess reaction assay. Our results showed that fabricated PE-CMC/HA releases berberine at a concentration of 660 μg/ml while optimal plasticity was obtained at a 30 : 70 PE-CMC/HA ratio. The berberine-enriched PE-CMC/HA had an inhibited 60% of inflammation stimulated by LPS. These results suggest that the PE-CMC/HA membrane fabricated in this study is a useful anti-inflammatory berberine release system. PMID:28119926

Effect of incisional friction and ophthalmic viscosurgical devices on the heat generation of ultrasound during cataract surgery.

PubMed

Floyd, Michael; Valentine, Jeremy; Coombs, Jamie; Olson, Randall J

2006-07-01

To determine the thermal features of the Legacy (Alcon) and Sovereign (Advanced Medical Optics) phacoemulsification machines in a cadaver eye and with 7 ophthalmic viscosurgical devices (OVDs). In situ and in vitro study. Temperature without occlusion was recorded at the sleeve placed in the wound of a cadaver eye, and temperature over baseline was determined after 60 seconds. The result was then compared with the results in a previous study that used balanced salt solution (BSS) in artificial chambers. In the second portion of the experiment, with irrigation and aspiration lines occluded, temperature was recorded at the sleeve placed in an artificial chamber filled with sodium hyaluronate 2.3% (Healon5), sodium hyaluronate 1.4% (Healon GV), sodium hyaluronate 1.0% (Healon), sodium hyaluronate 1.6% (Amvisc Plus), sodium hyaluronate 1.0% (Provisc), sodium hyaluronate 3.0%-chondroitin sulfate 4.0% (Viscoat), or hyaluronate 3.0% (Vitrax). Temperature over baseline was also determined after 60 seconds. These results were compared with each set of OVD data and with the results in the prior BSS study. In the eye-bank model, the Legacy machine had a 62% temperature increase from incisional friction and the Sovereign machine had a decrease of 8.6% over results in an artificial anterior chamber. The OVD temperature increases were greater for the Sovereign (P<.001) and followed the same general trend for the Legacy. The least temperature increase was with Amvisc Plus, Healon, and Healon GV; the intermediate increases were with Provisc and Vitrax; and the greatest increases were with Viscoat and Healon5. The OVD findings did not correlate with viscosity or pseudoplasticity. Incisional friction alone increased heat generation in the Legacy, a stroke-length driven instrument, more than in the Sovereign, a power-driven instrument. Ophthalmic viscosurgical devices are not only a concern due to outflow occlusion but can also add up to 6 times the heat in comparison with BSS. The need to aspirate the OVD before using ultrasound is thus verified.

A randomized, multicenter phase 3 study comparing 2% rebamipide (OPC-12759) with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of dry eye.

PubMed

Kinoshita, Shigeru; Oshiden, Kazuhide; Awamura, Saki; Suzuki, Hiroyuki; Nakamichi, Norihiro; Yokoi, Norihiko

2013-06-01

To investigate the efficacy of 2% rebamipide ophthalmic suspension compared with 0.1% sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution for the treatment of patients with dry eye. Randomized, multicenter, active-controlled parallel-group study. One hundred eighty-eight patients with dry eye. Following a 2-week screening period, patients were allocated randomly to receive 2% rebamipide or 0.1% sodium hyaluronate, administered as 1 drop in each eye 4 or 6 times daily, respectively, for 4 weeks. There were 2 primary end points: changes in the fluorescein corneal staining (FCS) score to determine noninferiority of 2% rebamipide and changes in the lissamine green conjunctival staining (LGCS) score to determine superiority. Secondary objective end points were Schirmer's test results and tear film breakup time (TBUT). Secondary subjective end points were dry eye-related ocular symptoms (foreign body sensation, dryness, photophobia, eye pain, and blurred vision) score and the patients' overall treatment impression score. In the primary analysis, the mean change from baseline in FCS scores verified noninferiority, indicated significant improvement, and, in LGCS scores, verified the superiority of 2% rebamipide to 0.1% sodium hyaluronate. Values for the Schirmer's test and TBUT were comparable between the 2 groups. For 2 dry eye-related ocular symptoms--foreign body sensation and eye pain--2% rebamipide showed significant improvements over 0.1% sodium hyaluronate. Patients had a significantly more favorable impression of 2% rebamipide than of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate; 64.5% rated treatment as improved or markedly improved versus 34.7%, respectively. No serious adverse events were observed. Administration of 2% rebamipide was effective in improving both the objective signs and subjective symptoms of dry eye. Those findings, in addition to the well-tolerated profile of 2% rebamipide, clearly show that it is an effective therapeutic method for dry eye. Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found after the references. Copyright © 2013 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Role of Bladder Hydrodistention and Intravesical Sodium Hyaluronate in the Treatment of Interstitial Cystitis.

PubMed

Yang, Jin-Yi; Wei, Wei; Lan, Yu-Long; Liu, Jun-Qiang; Wang, Hai-Bo; Li, Shao

2015-12-23

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of bladder hydrodistention and intravesical sodium hyaluronate in the treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). Twenty-one patients with IC received intravesical sodium hyaluronate therapy under nerve block or intravenous anesthesia. Bladders were perfused with 100 cmH2O perfusion pressure and expanded for 10 min and were later injected with 40 mg/50 mL sodium hyaluronate through the catheter. After 1 h, the perfusion fluid was released. Perfusion was applied once per week, 4 to 6 times as a course of treatment. Under anesthesia, the average bladder capacity was 191.62 ± 88.67 mL, and after bladder expansion, the bladder capacity reached 425.33 ± 79.83 mL (P = .000). There were 2 suspected bladder ruptures after bladder expansion at 6.5 min and 7.2 min. After 10 min of bladder expansion, there were 19 cases of significantly gross hematuria. After treatment, the catheters of 17 patients were removed at 24 h; for the 2 cases of hematuria, catheters were removed at 72 h and for the 2 cases of suspected bladder rupture, catheters were removed after 4 days. After catheter removal, the pain threshold significantly decreased, and the maximum urinary output increased slightly. Compared with values before treatment, the day before the second injection of sodium hyaluronate, the frequency of urination decreased significantly (32.8 vs. 18.5 times/24 h), the maximum urinary output increased significantly (86.7 vs. 151.9 mL), the pain decreased significantly (8.7 vs. 3.0), and the O'Leary-Sant IC score and quality of life score were significantly decreased (30.0 vs. 17.0 and 5.9 vs. 2.4, respectively) (P = .000). Bladder hydrodistention under anesthesia for patients with severe intractable IC produces immediate effectiveness; sodium hyaluronic infusion can alleviate frequent urination and pain, and the efficacy was positively correlated with the duration of treatment.

Effectiveness of intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate in knee osteoarthritis: a multicenter prospective study.

PubMed

Rivera, Fabrizio; Bertignone, Luca; Grandi, Giancarlo; Camisassa, Roberto; Comaschi, Guido; Trentini, Diego; Zanone, Marco; Teppex, Giuseppe; Vasario, Gabriele; Fortina, Giorgio

2016-03-01

Intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid is a well-established therapy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of the use of Arthrum HCS(®) (40 mg hyaluronic acid and 40 mg chondroitin sulfate in 2 mL). This was an open, multicenter, prospective study. Men or women over 40 years of age with documented knee osteoarthritis and WOMAC subscore A (severity of pain) ≥25 were enrolled. They received three weekly intra-articular injections of sodium hyaluronate 2 % and chondroitin sulfate 2 % in combination. WOMAC subscore A was assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months after the last injection. One hundred and twelve patients were included (women, 66 %). The mean (SD) WOMAC subscore A decreased from 52.1 (15.2) at inclusion to 20.5 (19.7) at month 6 (P < 0.0001). The mean subscore was already significantly decreased 1 month after the last injection at 25.7 (P < 0.0001). Pain relief and consumption of analgesic drugs, both assessed with visual analogic scale (VAS), consistently decreased. The investigators were satisfied/very satisfied as regards the therapeutic effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulfate in reducing pain (77 %), improving mobility (78 %) and reducing the consumption of analgesics (74 %). Only one adverse effect was reported by one patient (knee tumefaction). These results suggest that intra-articular injections of Arthrum HCS(®) (sodium hyaluronate plus chondroitin sulfate) in patients with knee osteoarthritis are efficient and safe. These results should be confirmed in a randomized controlled study. IV.

Effects of topical hyaluronic acid on corneal wound healing in dogs: a pilot study.

PubMed

Gronkiewicz, Kristina M; Giuliano, Elizabeth A; Sharma, Ajay; Mohan, Rajiv R

2017-03-01

To investigate the efficacy of topical 0.2% hyaluronic acid in canine corneal ulcers in vivo. Six purpose-bred beagles were randomly assigned into two groups (three dogs/group): group A received experimental product (Optimend ™ , containing 0.2% hyaluronic acid, KineticVet ™ ); group B received control product (Optimend ™ without 0.2% hyaluronic acid and supplemented with carboxymethylcellulose). The clinical scorer was masked to product content and subject assignment. Under sedation and topical anesthesia, 6-mm axial corneal epithelial debridements were performed in the left eye. Wounded corneas received standard ulcer treatment and topical product (group A) or control product (group B) three times a day (TID) until ulcers were healed. Slit-lamp biomicroscopy was performed 6 h after wounding and then every 12 h; findings were graded according to modified McDonald-Shadduck scoring system; extraocular photography was performed after fluorescein stain application at all examination time points. Images were analyzed using NIH image j software to quantify rate of corneal epithelialization. Gelatin zymography was used to analyze matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 2 and 9 protein expression in tears collected at set time points during the study period. No statistical differences in clinical ophthalmic examination scores, rate of corneal epithelialization, or MMP2 or MMP9 protein expression were found between groups at any tested time point. The application of 0.2% hyaluronic acid to standard ulcer medical management is well tolerated. Topical addition of the viscoelastic did not accelerate corneal wound healing compared to a topical control with similar viscosity in this study. © 2016 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

Formulation of Novel Layered Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Film Wound Dressings with Ibuprofen for Alleviating Wound Pain

PubMed Central

Vinklárková, Lenka; Vetchý, David; Bernatonienė, Jurga

2015-01-01

Effective assessment and management of wound pain can facilitate both improvements in healing rates and overall quality of life. From a pharmacological perspective, topical application of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the form of film wound dressings may be a good choice. Thus, the aim of this work was to develop novel layered film wound dressings containing ibuprofen based on partially substituted fibrous sodium carboxymethylcellulose (nonwoven textile Hcel NaT). To this end, an innovative solvent casting method using a sequential coating technique has been applied. The concentration of ibuprofen which was incorporated as an acetone solution or as a suspension in a sodium carboxymethylcellulose dispersion was 0.5 mg/cm2 and 1.0 mg/cm2 of film. Results showed that developed films had adequate mechanical and swelling properties and an advantageous acidic surface pH for wound application. An in vitro drug release study implied that layered films retained the drug for a longer period of time and thus could minimize the frequency of changing the dressing. Films with suspended ibuprofen demonstrated higher drug content uniformity and superior in vitro drug release characteristics in comparison with ibuprofen incorporation as an acetone solution. Prepared films could be potential wound dressings for the effective treatment of wound pain in low exuding wounds. PMID:26090454

Combination therapy with diquafosol tetrasodium and sodium hyaluronate in patients with dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis.

PubMed

Toda, Ikuko; Ide, Takeshi; Fukumoto, Teruki; Ichihashi, Yoshiyuki; Tsubota, Kazuo

2014-03-01

To evaluate the possible advantages of combination therapy with diquafosol tetrasodium and sodium hyaluronate for dry eye after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Prospective randomized comparative trial. A total of 206 eyes of 105 patients who underwent LASIK were enrolled in this study. Patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups according to the postoperative treatment: artificial tears, sodium hyaluronate, diquafosol tetrasodium, and a combination of hyaluronate and diquafosol. Questionnaire responses reflecting subjective dry eye symptoms, uncorrected and corrected visual acuity, functional visual acuity, manifest refraction, tear break-up time, fluorescein corneal staining, Schirmer test, and corneal sensitivity were examined before and 1 week and 1 month after LASIK. Distance uncorrected visual acuity was significantly better in the combination group than in the hyaluronate group 1 week and 1 month after LASIK. Near uncorrected visual acuity was significantly better in the combination group than in the artificial tear and diquafosol groups 1 week and 1 month after LASIK. Distance functional visual acuity improved significantly only in the combination group 1 month after LASIK. The Schirmer value in the combination group was significantly higher than that in the hyaluronate group at 1 month after LASIK. Subjective dry eye symptoms in the combination group improved significantly compared with those in the other groups 1 week after surgery. Our results suggest that hyaluronate and diquafosol combination therapy is beneficial for early stabilization of visual performance and improvement of subjective dry eye symptoms in patients after LASIK. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Oral Glucosamine Hydrochloride Combined With Hyaluronate Sodium Intra-Articular Injection for Temporomandibular Joint Osteoarthritis: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Yang, Wenbin; Liu, Wei; Miao, Cheng; Sun, Haibin; Li, Longjiang; Li, Chunjie

2018-06-02

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders occur in many people and osteoarthritis (OA) is a severe form of this disease. Glucosamine has been used to treat OA of the large joints for many years and has been proved effective. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed to investigate the effectiveness and safety of oral glucosamine hydrochloride pills combined with hyaluronate sodium intra-articular injection in TMJ OA. One hundred forty-four participants with TMJ OA were randomized to 4 hyaluronate sodium injections and oral glucosamine hydrochloride (1.44 g/day) for 3 months (group A) or 4 hyaluronate sodium injections and oral placebo for 3 months (group B). All participants were followed for 1 year. Eighteen participants were lost to follow-up. The intention-to-treat analysis showed that group A had similar maximal interincisal mouth opening and pain intensity during TMJ function at months 1 and 6 (P > .05). However, during long-term follow-up, group A had significantly greater maximal interincisal mouth opening compared with group B at month 12 (41.5 vs 37.9 mm; P < .001). For pain intensity, group A showed obviously lower visual analog scale scores than group B at month 6 (20.6 vs 29.2 mm; P = .007) and month 12 (17.4 vs 28.6 mm; P = .001). Twenty-four participants had gastrointestinal tract side effects, fatigue, and rash. Of these, 23 had slight side effects that were not correlated with glucosamine. There was no significant difference between the 2 groups (P > .05). The results of this study suggest that, compared with hyaluronate sodium injection alone, glucosamine hydrochloride pills added to hyaluronate sodium injection had no meaningful effect on TMJ OA in the short-term but did relieve the pain caused by TMJ OA and improved TMJ functions in the long-term. Copyright © 2018 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Oral soft tissue wound healing after laser surgery with or without a pool of amino acids and sodium hyaluronate: a randomized clinical study.

PubMed

Romeo, Umberto; Libotte, Fabrizio; Palaia, Gaspare; Galanakis, Alexandros; Gaimari, Gianfranco; Tenore, Gianluca; Del Vecchio, Alessandro; Polimeni, Antonella

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare secondary intention healing of oral soft tissues after laser surgery with and without the use of a compound containing amino acids and sodium hyaluronate. Sodium hyaluronate has been successfully used in medicine to promote healing. It has not been studied in the healing of laser-produced wounds. Excisional biopsy was performed in oral soft tissues with a potassium-titanyl-phosphate (KTP) laser (532 nm, SmartLite, DEKA, Florence, Italy) in 49 patients divided into two groups. In the study group (SG), 31 patients received a compound gel containing four amino acids and sodium hyaluronate (Aminogam(®), Errekappa, Italy) after laser surgery; in the control group (CG), 18 subjects received no treatment involving a drug or gel. Numeric rating scale (NRS) was used to evaluate pain experienced after surgery [pain index (PI)]. Using a grid as a benchmark and computer software, the lesion area was measured after surgery (T0) and after 7 days (T1). A percentage healing index (PHI) was calculated indicating healing extension in 7 days. SG cases showed an average PHI of 64.38±26.50, whereas the average PHI in the CG was 47.88%±27.84. Mean PI was 2.67±0.96 for SG and 2.75±0.86 for CG. A statistically significant difference was detected between the groups for PHI (p=0.0447), whereas no difference was detectable for PI (p=0.77). The use of a gel containing amino acids and sodium hyaluronate can promote faster healing via secondary intention in laser-induced wounds, although it does not seem to affect pain perception.

Enzymatically Cross-linked Alginic-Hyaluronic acid Composite Hydrogels As Cell Delivery Vehicles

PubMed Central

Ganesh, Nitya; Hanna, Craig; Nair, Shantikumar V.; Nair, Lakshmi S.

2013-01-01

An injectable composite gel was developed from alginic and hyaluronic acid. The ezymatically cross-linked injectable gels were prepared via the oxidative coupling of tyramine modified sodium algiante and sodium hyaluronate in the presence of horse radish peroxidase (HRP) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The composite gels were prepared by mixing equal parts of the two tryaminated polymer solutions in 10U HRP and treating with 1.0% H2O2. The properties of the alginate gels were significanly affected by the addition of hyaluronic acid. The percentage water absorption and storage modulus of the composite gels were found to be lower than the alginate gels. The alginate and composite gels showed lower protein release compared to hyaluronate gels in the absence of hyaluronidase. Even hyaluronate gels showed only approximately 10% protein release after 14 days incubation in phosphate buffer solution. ATDC-5 cells encapsulated in the injectable gels showed high cell viability. The composite gels showed the presence of enlarged spherical cells with significantly higher metabolic activity compared to cells in hyaluronic and alginic acid gels. The results suggest the potential of the composite approach to develop covalently cross-linked hydrogels with tuneable physical, mechanical, and biological properties. PMID:23357799

Prospective randomized controlled study on the validity and safety of an absorbable adhesion barrier (Interceed®) made of oxidized regenerated cellulose for laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

PubMed

Naito, Masanori; Ogura, Naoto; Yamanashi, Takahiro; Sato, Takeo; Nakamura, Takatoshi; Miura, Hirohisa; Tsutsui, Atsuko; Sakamoto, Yasutoshi; Tanaka, Rieko; Kumagai, Yuji; Watanabe, Masahiko

2017-02-01

Clinical use of an adhesion barrier made of oxidized, regenerated cellulose, Interceed®, has been reported in the field of obstetrics and gynecology to help prevent adhesions between the peritoneum and the bowel in various types of operations. In gastrointestinal surgery, sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethylcellulose has been reported as an absorbable membrane to reduce postoperative adhesions. The present study was a prospective randomized controlled study to investigate the safety and usefulness of Interceed in laparoscopic colorectal surgery. We analyzed 99 patients who underwent laparoscopic colorectal surgery from 2013 to 2014. The patients were randomly allocated to the group that used Interceed (Interceed group) or the group that did not (Non-Interceed group). Fifty cases used Interceed, and 49 cases did not. The incidence of adverse events was 12.0% in the Interceed group and 16.3% in the Non-Interceed group (P = 0.58). There were no significant differences, and no adhesive bowel obstructions were observed in the Interceed group. We have shown that using Interceed in laparoscopic colorectal surgery is valid and technically safe. © 2016 Japan Society for Endoscopic Surgery, Asia Endosurgery Task Force and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Long-Term Outcomes of Using Hyaluronic Acid-Carboxymethylcellulose Adhesion Barrier Film on the Neurovascular Bundle.

PubMed

Patel, Rutveej; Modi, Parth K; Elsamra, Sammy E; Kim, Isaac Yi

2016-06-01

We hypothesize that the use of hyaluronic acid-carboxymethylcellulose (HACM) adhesion barrier at the neurovascular bundle may hasten the return of erectile function after robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy. A retrospective review identified 462 consecutive patients who underwent a nerve-sparing prostatectomy between 2009 and 2012. The first 246 patients were administered the barrier film, while the next 216 patients, the control group, did not receive HACM. Postoperative erectile function and oncologic outcomes were compared. Independent t-test and Kaplan-Meier analysis were conducted, p < 0.05 was considered significant. The two groups were well matched, without significant differences in age, weight, operative time, prostate size, preoperative prostate-specific antigen, sexual health inventory for men (SHIM), or AUA symptom scores. The mean SHIM was significantly higher for the experimental group at 6 months (6.39 vs 4.75, p = 0.008), 9 months (7.32 vs 5.44, p = 0.006), 1 year (8.52 vs 6.90, p = 0.049), and 18 months (10.01 vs 7.60, p = 0.018). This effect was not noted beyond 18 months. A subgroup analysis of patients with initial SHIM scores 22 or greater demonstrated a higher rate of return to the preoperative SHIM score for the barrier film group, 23% vs 12% (p = 0.046). There was no significant difference in biochemical recurrence between groups, with a median follow-up duration of 18 months. HACM application at the neurovascular bundle during prostatectomy may decrease the time to return of erectile function, with improved SHIM at 6 to 18 months after surgery. This effect is more pronounced in patients with better baseline erectile function. There is no significant effect on biochemical recurrence.

Prospective randomized clinical trial: single and weekly viscosupplementation

PubMed Central

Zóboli, Alejandro Agustin Carri; de Rezende, Márcia Uchôa; de Campos, Gustavo Constantino; Pasqualin, Thiago; Frucchi, Renato; de Camargo, Olavo Pires

2013-01-01

OBJECTIVE: To compare two different dosages of an intermediate molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (HA) (Osteonil®-TRB Pharma) assessing whether a single 6 ml application of this HA has the same effectiveness as the classical three-weekly 2 ml dose. METHODS: 108 patients with knee osteoarthritis were randomized into two groups of 54 patients each. The groups were designated "single" (S) and "weekly" (W). Patients in group S underwent a viscosupplementation procedure by application of only 6 ml of sodium hyaluronate and 1 ml triamcinolone hexacetonide. Patients in group W underwent the procedure of viscosupplementation through three applications with 2 ml sodium hyaluronate with a week interval between them, and the first application was also performed with the infiltration of 1 ml (20 mg) of Triamcinolone Hexacetonide. Both groups were assessed before, at one month and three months after application, by responding to the WOMAC, Lequesne, IKDC and VAS questionnaires. RESULTS: There was no statistical difference between the single application of 6 ml of sodium hyaluronate and classic application with three weekly injections. However, only the classical regime showed statistically significant improvement in baseline pain (WOMAC pain and VAS). CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that both application schemes improve application function, but the three-weekly regimen of 2 ml was more effective in reducing pain. Level of Evidence I, Prospective Randomized, Clinical Trial. PMID:24453681

In-vitro studies of enteric coated diclofenac sodium-carboxymethylcellulose microspheres.

PubMed

Arica, B; Arica, M Y; Kaş, H S; Hincal, A A; Hasirci, V

1996-01-01

MIcrospheres containing diclofenac sodium (DS) were prepared using carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as the main support material (1.0, 2.0, 3.0% (w/v)) and aluminum chloride as the crosslinker. Drug to polymer ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 1:4 were used to obtain a range of microspheres. The microspheres were then coated with an enteric coating material, Eudragit S-100, efficiency, % yield value, particle sizes an in-vitro dissolution behaviour were investigated. The surface of the enteric coated microspheres seemed to be all covered with Eudragit S-100 from scanning electron microscopy observation. It was also observed that increasing the CMC concentration led to an increase in the encapsulation efficiency, % yield value and particle size and decreased the release rate. Eudragit S-100 coating did not significantly alter the size but the release rate was significantly lower even when the lower concentration solution was used.

Setting retarding composition for well cementing and recementing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Poblano, R.

1979-01-30

The present invention relates to an improved composition that retards setting in the cementing and recementing of oil well casings, which can be applied at depths that vary between 13,123.4 and 21,325.5 ft. The retarding composition is constituted by the following ingredients: sodium or potassium carboxymethylcellulose; sodium tetraborate and Dextrine, it being characterized in that it also contains an inorganic acid such as boric acid.

The effect of seprafilm on adhesion formation and tendon healing after flexor tendon repair in chicken.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Erhan; Avci, Mustafa; Bulut, Mehmet; Kelestimur, Halidun; Karakurt, Lokman; Ozercan, Ibrahim

2010-03-01

Adhesion of the tendon, which can occur during healing of tendon repair, is negatively affected by the outcome of surgery. In this experimental study, we sought to prevent adhesion of the tendon, and determined the mechanical stiffness of repair tissue by wrapping sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (Seprafilm; Genzyme, Cambridge, Massachusetts) around the repaired tendon segments. The study group comprised 2 groups of 20 chickens. In group I, the right gastrocnemius tendons of the chickens were cut smoothly, and after tendon and sheath repair, the skin was sutured. In group II, the right gastrocnemius tendons of the chickens were cut, the tendons were repaired, and before skin closure, Seprafilm was wrapped around the repaired tendon segments. Plastic splints were used for holding the chickens' ankles in a neutral position, and they were allowed weight bearing for 8 weeks. In group II, anatomic space between the tendon-sheath and tendon was clear and the tendon-sheath complex was sliding easily around the repaired tendon segment, and this complex was more functional both biomechanically and histologically. Also, the Seprafilm-applied tendons (group II) were observed to be biomechanically more resistant to the tensile forces in group I. Seprafilm is an easily applied interpositional material that can be used safely to prevent adhesion during the tendon healing process. Copyright 2010, SLACK Incorporated.

Coating method for graphite

DOEpatents

Banker, John G.; Holcombe, Jr., Cressie E.

1977-01-01

A method of limiting carbon contamination from graphite ware used in induction melting of uranium alloys is provided comprising coating the graphite surface with a suspension of Y.sub.2 O.sub.3 particles in water containing about 1.5 to 4% by weight sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Coating method for graphite

DOEpatents

Banker, J.G.; Holcombe, C.E. Jr.

1975-11-06

A method of limiting carbon contamination from graphite ware used in induction melting of uranium alloys is provided. The graphite surface is coated with a suspension of Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ particles in water containing about 1.5 to 4 percent by weight sodium carboxymethylcellulose.

Comparison of the 3 Different Injection Techniques Used in a Randomized Controlled Study Evaluating a Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Cingal) for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Subgroup Analysis.

PubMed

McCormack, Robert; Lamontagne, Martin; Vannabouathong, Christopher; Deakon, Robert T; Belzile, Etienne L

2017-01-01

A recent trial demonstrated that patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with a sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid combination (Cingal) experienced greater pain reductions compared with those treated with sodium hyaluronate alone (Monovisc) or saline up to 3 weeks postinjection. In this study, injections were administered by 1 of 3 approaches; however, there is currently no consensus on which, if any, of these techniques produce a more favorable outcome. To provide additional insight on this topic, the results of the previous trial were reanalyzed to determine whether (1) the effect of Cingal was significant within each injection technique and (2) pain reductions were similar between injection techniques across all treatment groups. Greater pain reductions with Cingal up to 3 weeks were only significant in the anteromedial subgroup. Across all therapies, both the anteromedial and anterolateral techniques demonstrated significantly greater pain reductions than the lateral midpatellar approach at 18 and 26 weeks.

Comparison of the 3 Different Injection Techniques Used in a Randomized Controlled Study Evaluating a Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined With Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Cingal) for Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Subgroup Analysis

PubMed Central

McCormack, Robert; Lamontagne, Martin; Vannabouathong, Christopher; Deakon, Robert T; Belzile, Etienne L

2017-01-01

A recent trial demonstrated that patients with knee osteoarthritis treated with a sodium hyaluronate and corticosteroid combination (Cingal) experienced greater pain reductions compared with those treated with sodium hyaluronate alone (Monovisc) or saline up to 3 weeks postinjection. In this study, injections were administered by 1 of 3 approaches; however, there is currently no consensus on which, if any, of these techniques produce a more favorable outcome. To provide additional insight on this topic, the results of the previous trial were reanalyzed to determine whether (1) the effect of Cingal was significant within each injection technique and (2) pain reductions were similar between injection techniques across all treatment groups. Greater pain reductions with Cingal up to 3 weeks were only significant in the anteromedial subgroup. Across all therapies, both the anteromedial and anterolateral techniques demonstrated significantly greater pain reductions than the lateral midpatellar approach at 18 and 26 weeks. PMID:28839449

Management of post-LASIK dry eye: a multicenter randomized comparison of a new multi-ingredient artificial tear to carboxymethylcellulose

PubMed Central

Wallerstein, Avi; Jackson, W Bruce; Chambers, Jeffrey; Moezzi, Amir M; Lin, Hugh; Simmons, Peter A

2018-01-01

Purpose To compare the efficacy and safety of a preservative-free, multi-ingredient formulation of carboxymethylcellulose 0.5%, hyaluronic acid 0.1%, and organic osmolytes (CMC-HA), to preservative-free carboxymethylcellulose 0.5% (CMC) in the management of postoperative signs and symptoms of dry eye following laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). Methods This was a double-masked, randomized, parallel-group study conducted in 14 clinical centers in Canada and Australia. Subjects with no more than mild dry eye instilled CMC-HA or CMC for 90 days post-LASIK. Ocular Surface Disease Index© (OSDI; primary efficacy measure), corneal staining, tear break-up time (TBUT), Schirmer’s test, acceptability/tolerability surveys, and visual acuity were assessed at screening and days 2, 10, 30, 60, and 90 post-surgery. Safety analyses included all enrolled. Results A total of 148 subjects (CMC-HA, n=75; CMC, n=73) were enrolled and assigned to receive treatment, and 126 subjects completed the study without any protocol violations. Post-LASIK, dry eye signs/symptoms peaked at 10 days. OSDI scores for both groups returned to normal with no differences between treatment groups at day 90 (P=0.775). Corneal staining, Schirmer’s test, TBUT, and survey results were comparable. Higher mean improvements in uncorrected visual acuity were observed in the CMC-HA group at all study visits, reaching statistical significance at day 30 (P=0.013). Both treatments were well tolerated. Conclusion CMC-HA-containing artificial tears relieved post-LASIK ocular dryness as well as CMC alone, and demonstrated incremental benefit in uncorrected vision, with a favorable safety profile. Results support use of CMC-HA eye drops to reduce signs and symptoms of ocular dryness post-LASIK. PMID:29765198

21 CFR 522.161 - Betamethasone acetate and betamethasone disodium phosphate aqueous suspension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Betamethasone acetate and betamethasone disodium phosphate aqueous suspension. 522.161 Section 522.161 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... milligram of polysorbate 80, 9 milligrams of benzyl alcohol, 5 milligrams of sodium carboxymethylcellulose...

Effectiveness of adjunctive subgingival administration of amino acids and sodium hyaluronate gel on clinical and immunological parameters in the treatment of chronic periodontitis

PubMed Central

Bevilacqua, Lorenzo; Eriani, Jessica; Serroni, Ilde; Liani, Giuliana; Borelli, Violetta; Castronovo, Gaetano; Di Lenarda, Roberto

2012-01-01

Summary Aims The aim of this clinical trial was to compare clinical and biochemical healing outcomes following ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation versus ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation associated with topical subgingival application of amino acids and sodium hyaluronate gel. Methods Eleven systemically healthy subjects with moderate-severe chronic periodontitis, who had four sites with pocket probing depth and clinical attachment level greater than or equal to 5 mm were randomly assigned to two different types of treatment: two pockets were treated with ultrasonic debridement (Control Group) and two pockets with ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation associated with 0,5 ml of amino acids and sodium hyaluronate gel (Test Group). Probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index and bleeding on probing were recorded at baseline, 45 and 90 days. Levels of calprotectin and myeloperoxidase activity in gingival crevicular fluid were assessed at baseline and on day 7 and 45. Results Statistical significance was found between baseline and day 45 in relation to probing depth reduction and bleeding on probing between groups for both of the tested treatments. Significant reductions in μg/sample of calprotectin and myeloperoxidase were found after 1-week and an increase at 45 days in both groups. There were no statistically significant differences between other variables evaluated in this study. Conclusions These data suggest that subgingival application of hyaluronic acid following ultrasonic mechanical instrumentation is beneficial for improving periodontal parameters. PMID:23087790

In vitro inhibition of hyaluronidase by sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and chlorophyllin analogs

PubMed Central

McCook, John P; Dorogi, Peter L; Vasily, David B; Cefalo, Dustin R

2015-01-01

Background Inhibitors of hyaluronidase are potent agents that maintain hyaluronic acid homeostasis and may serve as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial agents. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex is being used therapeutically as a component in anti-aging cosmeceuticals, and has been shown to have anti-hyaluronidase activity. In this study we evaluated various commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to identify the primary small molecule constituents, and to test various sodium copper chlorophyllin complexes and their small molecule analog compounds for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Ascorbate analogs were tested in combination with copper chlorophyllin complexes for potential additive or synergistic activity. Materials and methods For hyaluronidase activity assays, dilutions of test materials were evaluated for hydrolytic activity of hyaluronidase by precipitation of non-digested hyaluronate by measuring related turbidity at 595 nm. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy was used to analyze and identify the primary small molecule constituents in various old and new commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex. Results The most active small molecule component of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was disodium copper isochlorin e4, followed by oxidized disodium copper isochlorin e4. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had hyaluronidase inhibitory activity down to 10 µg/mL. The oxidized form of copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had substantial hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at 100 µg/mL but not at 10 µg/mL. Ascorbate derivatives did not enhance the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Copper isochlorin e4 analogs were always the dominant components of the small molecule content of the commercial lots tested; oxidized copper isochlorin e4 was found in increased concentrations in older compared to newer lots tested. Conclusion These results support the concept of using the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to increase the hyaluronic acid level of the dermal extracellular matrix for the improvement of the appearance of aging facial skin. PMID:26300653

In vitro inhibition of hyaluronidase by sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and chlorophyllin analogs.

PubMed

McCook, John P; Dorogi, Peter L; Vasily, David B; Cefalo, Dustin R

2015-01-01

Inhibitors of hyaluronidase are potent agents that maintain hyaluronic acid homeostasis and may serve as anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial agents. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex is being used therapeutically as a component in anti-aging cosmeceuticals, and has been shown to have anti-hyaluronidase activity. In this study we evaluated various commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to identify the primary small molecule constituents, and to test various sodium copper chlorophyllin complexes and their small molecule analog compounds for hyaluronidase inhibitory activity in vitro. Ascorbate analogs were tested in combination with copper chlorophyllin complexes for potential additive or synergistic activity. For hyaluronidase activity assays, dilutions of test materials were evaluated for hydrolytic activity of hyaluronidase by precipitation of non-digested hyaluronate by measuring related turbidity at 595 nm. High-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy was used to analyze and identify the primary small molecule constituents in various old and new commercial lots of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex. The most active small molecule component of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex was disodium copper isochlorin e4, followed by oxidized disodium copper isochlorin e4. Sodium copper chlorophyllin complex and copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had hyaluronidase inhibitory activity down to 10 µg/mL. The oxidized form of copper isochlorin e4 disodium salt had substantial hyaluronidase inhibitory activity at 100 µg/mL but not at 10 µg/mL. Ascorbate derivatives did not enhance the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin. Copper isochlorin e4 analogs were always the dominant components of the small molecule content of the commercial lots tested; oxidized copper isochlorin e4 was found in increased concentrations in older compared to newer lots tested. These results support the concept of using the hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of sodium copper chlorophyllin complex to increase the hyaluronic acid level of the dermal extracellular matrix for the improvement of the appearance of aging facial skin.

Efficacy of Temporomandibular Joint Arthrocentesis with Sodium Hyaluronate in the Management of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders: A Prospective Randomized Control Trial.

PubMed

Gorrela, Harsha; Prameela, J; Srinivas, G; Reddy, B Vijay Baskar; Sudhir, Mvs; Arakeri, Gururaj

2017-12-01

This study was designed to investigate the efficacy of the temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with and without injection of sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the treatment of temporomandibular joint disorders. A total of sixty two TMJs in 34 males and 28 females aged 20-65 years comprised the study material. The patients' complaints were limited mouth opening, TMJ pain, and joint noises during function. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups in which arthrocentesis plus intra-articular injection of sodium hyaluronate was performed in 1 group and only arthrocentesis was performed in the other group. Both groups contained patients with disc displacement with reduction and without reduction. Clinical evaluation of the patients was done before the procedure, immediately after the procedure, at 1 week and 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Intensity of TMJ pain was assessed using visual analog scales. Maximal mouth opening and lateral jaw movements also were recorded at each follow-up visit. Both techniques increased maximal mouth opening, lateral movements, and function, while reducing TMJ pain and noise. Although patients benefitted from both techniques, arthrocentesis with injection of SH seemed to be superior to arthrocentesis alone.

Effects of sodium hyaluronate on tendon healing and adhesion formation in horses.

PubMed

Gaughan, E M; Nixon, A J; Krook, L P; Yeager, A E; Mann, K A; Mohammed, H; Bartel, D L

1991-05-01

Sodium hyaluronate reduces adhesions after tendon repair in rodents and dogs, and has been used in limited clinical trials in people. To evaluate its effect on tendon healing and adhesion formation in horses and to compare these effects with those of a compound of similar visco-elastic properties, a study was performed in horses, using a model of collagenase injection in the flexor tendons within the digital sheath. Eight clinically normal horses were randomly allotted to 2 groups. Adhesion formation between the deep digital flexor tendon and the tendon sheath at the pastern region was induced in the forelimbs of all horses. Using tenoscopic control, a 20-gauge needle was inserted into the deep digital flexor tendon of horses under general anesthesia and 0.2 ml of collagenase (2.5 mg/ml) was injected. The procedure was repeated proximally at 2 other sites, spaced 1.5 cm apart. A biopsy forceps was introduced, and a 5-mm tendon defect was created at each injection site. Group-A horses had 120 mg of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) gel injected into the tendon sheath of one limb. Group-B horses had methylcellulose gel injected at the same sites. The contralateral limbs of horses in both groups served as surgical, but noninjected, controls. Horses were euthanatized after 8 weeks of stall rest. Ultrasonographic evaluation revealed improved tendon healing after NaHa injection, but no difference in peritendinous adhesion formation. Tendon sheath fluid volume and hyaluronic acid (HA) content were greater in NaHA-treated limbs. Gross pathologic examination revealed considerably fewer and smaller adhesions when limbs were treated with NaHA. However, significant difference in pull-out strengths was not evident between NaHA-treated and control limbs. Histologically, the deep digital flexor tendon from the NaHA-treated limbs had reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, improved tendon structure, and less intratendinous hemorrhage. Treatment with methylcullulose had no significant effect on tendon healing, adhesion size, quantity, or strength or on the volume and composition of the tendon sheath fluid. Sodium hyaluronate, administered intrathecally, appears to have a pharmaceutically beneficial action in this collagenase-induced tendinitis and adhesion model in horses.

Competitive Protein Adsorption on Polysaccharide and Hyaluronate Modified Surfaces

PubMed Central

Ombelli, Michela; Costello, Lauren; Postle, Corinne; Anantharaman, Vinod; Meng, Qing Cheng; Composto, Russell J.; Eckmann, David M.

2011-01-01

We measured adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) and fibrinogen (Fg) onto six distinct bare and dextran- and hyaluronate-modified silicon surfaces created using two dextran grafting densities and three hyaluronic acid (HA) sodium salts derived from human umbilical cord, rooster comb and streptococcus zooepidemicus. Film thickness and surface morphology depended on HA molecular weight and concentration. BSA coverage was enhanced on surfaces upon competitive adsorption of BSA:Fg mixtures. Dextranization differentially reduced protein adsorption onto surfaces based on oxidation state. Hyaluronization was demonstrated to provide the greatest resistance to protein coverage, equivalent to that of the most resistant dextranized surface. Resistance to protein adsorption was independent of the type of hyaluronic acid utilized. With changing bulk protein concentration from 20 to 40 µg ml−1 for each species, Fg coverage on silicon increased by 4×, whereas both BSA and Fg adsorption on dextran and HA were far less dependent of protein bulk concentration. PMID:21623481

75 FR 61700 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, the Netherlands, and Sweden: Final Results of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... orders would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping. \\1\\ With respect to the... off-white, non-toxic, odorless, biodegradable powder, comprising sodium CMC that has been refined and... these sunset reviews because in determining whether revocation of an order would likely lead to...

Effects of artificial tear treatment on corneal epithelial thickness and corneal topography findings in dry eye patients.

PubMed

Çakır, B; Doğan, E; Çelik, E; Babashli, T; Uçak, T; Alagöz, G

2018-05-01

To investigate the effects of artificial tear treatment on central corneal epithelial thickness, and central, mid-peripheral and peripheral corneal thicknesses in patients with dry eye disease (DED). Patients with DED underwent ocular examinations, including Schirmer-2 test, slit lamp examination for tear break-up time (BUT), corneal topography (CT) for measuring mean central, mid-peripheral and peripheral corneal thickness values and anterior segment optic coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for obtaining central corneal epithelial thickness. After artificial tear treatment (carboxymethylcellulose and sodium hyaluronate formulations) for one month, patients were examined again at a second visit and the results were compared. Sixty-one eyes of 33 female dry eye patients (mean age: 38.3±5.7 years) were enrolled. The mean follow-up time was 36.4±3.3 days. The mean tear BUT and Schirmer-1 tests revealed significant improvement after treatment (P=0.000, P=0.000, respectively). Central corneal epithelium and mean mid-peripheral corneal thicknesses measured significantly higher after treatment (P=0.001, P=0.02). Changes in central and peripheral corneal thicknesses were not statistically significant. Artificial tear treatment in dry eye patients seems to increase central corneal epithelial and mid-peripheral corneal thicknesses. Measurement of corneal epithelial thickness can be a useful tool for evaluation of treatment response in dry eye patients. Further long-term prospective studies are needed to investigate this item. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Postoperative intra-abdominal collections using a sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) barrier at the time of laparotomy for ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancers.

PubMed

Leitao, Mario M; Natenzon, Anna; Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R; Chi, Dennis S; Sonoda, Yukio; Levine, Douglas A; Gardner, Ginger J; Barakat, Richard R

2009-11-01

To determine whether HA-CMC was associated with the development of postoperative intra-abdominal collections in patients undergoing laparotomy for ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal malignancies. We retrospectively identified all laparotomies performed for these malignancies from March 1, 2005 to December 31, 2007. The use of HA-CMC was identified. Laparotomies for malignant bowel obstruction or repair of fistulae were excluded. Intra-abdominal collections, non-infected and infected, were defined as localized intraperitoneal fluid accumulations in the absence of re-accumulating ascites. All other complications were also captured. Appropriate statistical tests were applied using SPSS 15.0. We identified 219 laparotomies with HA-CMC and 204 without HA-CMC. Upper abdominal resections were performed in 65/219 (30%) HA-CMC cases compared to 39/204 (19%) cases without HA-CMC (P=0.01). The rates of large bowel and/or rectal resections were similar in both cohorts. Intra-abdominal collections were seen in 18/219 (8.2%) HA-CMC cases compared to 5/204 (2.5%) cases without HA-CMC (P=0.009). HA-CMC was independently associated with the diagnosis of a postoperative intra-abdominal collection (P=0.01). All but 2 collections developed in patients undergoing debulking procedures. HA-CMC appears to be associated with a higher rate of postoperative intra-abdominal collections. This seems to be greatest in patients who are undergoing a debulking procedure.

Environmentally safe oil-field reagents for development and operation of oil-gas deposits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fakhreeva, A. V.; Manaure, D. A.; Dokichev, V. A.; Voloshin, A. I.; Telin, A. G.; Tomilov, Yu V.; Nifantiev, N. E.

2018-04-01

Sodium-carboxymethylcellulose and arabinogalactane inhibits the crystallization of calcium carbonate from a supersaturated aqueous solution at 80°C. The sizes of formed crystals CaCO3 in the presence of arabinogalactane, sodium-carboxymethylcellulose and neonol AF 9-10 decrease on an average 7-12 μm and a change of their structure. It is expected, that the mechanism of inhibitionis in specific adsorption polysaccharides and neonol on occurring crystalline surface of the calcium carbonate, both at the expense of electrostatic interaction of functional groups with Ca2+ ions, located on the surface of the crystal, and due to coordination and hydrogen bonds with oxygen atoms and HO-groups of additives. Oil-water emulsion rheology in the presence of neonol AF 9-10 has been studied. It is shown that neonol AF 9-10 decrease viscosity natural water-oil emulsion by 25 times. Addition of 5% neonol to water-oil emulsion leads to formation more than 20 stable emulsion forms of different density and composition. New highly effective “green” oilfield reagents have been developed on the basis of neonol and natural polysaccharides.

Purification and properties of an alkaline ribonuclease from the hepatic cytosol fraction of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana.

PubMed

Nagano, H; Kiuchi, H; Abe, Y; Shukuya, R

1976-07-01

In the hepatic cytosol fraction of bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana, an alkaline RNase [EC 3.1.4.22] exists in two forms. One is the free form of RNase, which elutes from a carboxymethyl-cellulose column at a concentration of 0.2 M NaC1. The other is a masked or latent form (RNase-RNase inhibitor complex) which is not adsorbed on the carboxymethyl-cellulose column and which can be converted to the free form of RNase by the addition of p-chloromercuribenzoate. Electrophoretically pure RNase was obtained by the following procedure. The unadsorbed fraction of hepatic cytosol on a column of carboxymethyl-cellulose was treated with p-chloromercuribenzoate and then applied to a second carboxymethyl-cellulose column. The molar weight of RNase was determined to be approximately 12,000 by gel filtration and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. From the results of gel filtration, the molecular weight of the RNase-RNase inhibitor complex was 130,000. The RNase hydrolyzed poly C, poly U, and poly I, but not poly A or poly G. When poly C was used as a substrate, 2',3'-cyclic CMP as an intermediate and 3'-CMP as a final product were identified. The results of amino acid analysis indicated the presence of an unusual component. The general properties of the RNase and the RNase-RNase inhibitor complex are also reported.

Taste function in xerostomia before and after treatment with a saliva substitute containing carboxymethylcellulose.

PubMed

Temmel, Andreas F P; Quint, Christian; Schickinger-Fischer, Bettina; Hummel, Thomas

2005-04-01

The feeling of a dry mouth may affect individual dietary habits, nutritional status, oral hygiene, speech, and gustatory sensitivity. The present study aimed to specifically investigate gustatory function before and after saliva replacement therapy. Whole-mouth gustatory function was assessed in 25 patients suffering from xerostomia (6 male, 19 female; age range 42-82 years) before and after 4 to 6 weeks of saliva replacement therapy using a preparation containing carboxymethylcellulose. The results were compared with those from healthy controls matched for age and sex (6 male, 19 female; age range 42-82 years). Using a whole-mouth test, gustatory function was assessed for sucrose, citric acid, sodium chloride, and caffeine. All subjects detected the four taste qualities at the highest concentration. However, the patients with xerostomia had lower scores in the gustatory test compared with the healthy controls (p < .001). No correlation was found between gustatory scores and the duration or severity of the disorder. Therapy had no effect on measured gustatory function (p = .33); however, saliva replacement led to a significant improvement in other xerostomia-related symptoms (p < .001). This study confirms previous work indicating that xerostomia is accompanied by decreased gustatory sensitivity. Lubricants based on carboxymethylcellulose may have a positive effect on some of the symptoms of xerostomia. However, these "simple" lubricants based on carboxymethylcellulose have little or no effect on whole-mouth gustatory function.

76 FR 4865 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Mexico: Final Results of the First Five-Year (“Sunset...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-27

... likely lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping at the levels listed below in the section entitled... to CMC from Mexico would likely lead to a continuation or recurrence of dumping at the margins... to off-white, non-toxic, odorless, biodegradable powder, comprising sodium CMC that has been refined...

21 CFR 201.319 - Water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and hydrophilic mucilloids (including, but not limited to...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Water-soluble gums, hydrophilic gums, and..., carboxymethylcellulose sodium, carrageenan, chondrus, glucomannan ((B-1,4 linked) polymannose acetate), guar gum, karaya... active ingredients; required warnings and directions. 201.319 Section 201.319 Food and Drugs FOOD AND...

Comparison of treatment with preservative-free versus preserved sodium hyaluronate 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% eyedrops after cataract surgery in patients with preexisting dry-eye syndrome.

PubMed

Jee, Donghyun; Park, Minji; Lee, Hee Jin; Kim, Man Soo; Kim, Eun Chul

2015-04-01

To compare treatment with preservative-free and preserved sodium hyaluronate 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% eyedrops after cataract surgery in patients with preexisting dry-eye syndrome. Bucheon St. Mary's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea. Randomized controlled study. Patients with cataract and dry-eye syndrome were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group 1 patients were treated with preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% and preservative-free fluorometholone 0.1% eyedrops 4 times a day in the first month and twice a day in the second month. Group 2 patients were treated with preserved eyedrops using the same schedule. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score, tear-film breakup time (TBUT), Schirmer I test, corneal fluorescein staining, impression cytology, and antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine activities in tears were evaluated. Both groups comprised 40 patients. At 2 months, the OSDI score, TBUT, Schirmer I score, fluorescein staining score, impression cytology findings, and goblet cell count were significantly better in Group 1 than in Group 2 (P<.05). The interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α concentrations were significantly less in the tears of Group 1 patients than in the tears of Group 2 patients, and catalase and superoxide dismutase 2 fluorescence intensities were significantly greater in the tears of Group 1 patients than in the tears of Group 2 patients (P<.05). Preservative-free sodium hyaluronate 0.1% and fluorometholone 0.1% eyedrops can improve the symptoms and signs of dry-eye syndrome after cataract surgery. Preservative-free fluorometholone eyedrops may have antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects in tears of patients with dry-eye syndrome. No author has a financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned. Copyright © 2015 ASCRS and ESCRS. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Characterization of hyaluronate binding proteins isolated from 3T3 and murine sarcoma virus transformed 3T3 cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Turley, E.A.; Moore, D.; Hayden, L.J.

1987-06-02

A hyaluronic acid binding fraction was purified from the supernatant media of both 3T3 and murine sarcoma virus (MSV) transformed 3T3 cultures by hyaluronate and immunoaffinity chromatography. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis resolved the hyaluronate affinity-purified fraction into three major protein bands of estimated molecular weight (M/sub r,e/) 70K, 66K, and 56K which contained hyaluronate binding activity and which were termed hyaluronate binding proteins (HABP). Hyaluronate affinity chromatography combined with immunoaffinity chromatography, using antibody directed against the larger HABP, allowed a 20-fold purification of HABP. Fractions isolated from 3T3 supernatant medium also contained additional binding molecules in the molecular weightmore » range of 20K. This material was present in vanishingly small amounts and was not detected with a silver stain or with (/sup 35/S)methionine label. The three protein species isolated by hyaluronate affinity chromatography (M/sub r,e/ 70K, 66K, and 56K) were related to one another since they shared antigenic determinants and exhibited similar pI values. In isocratic conditions, HABP occurred as aggregates of up to 580 kilodaltons. Their glycoprotein nature was indicated by their incorporation of /sup 3/H-sugars. Enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay showed they were antigenically distinct from other hyaluronate binding proteins such as fibronectin, cartilage link protein, and the hyaluronate binding region of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. The results are discussed with regard both to the functional significance of hyaluronate-cell surface interactions in transformed as well as normal cells and to the relationship of HABP to other reported hyaluronate binding proteins.« less

Comparative study of 0.1% hyaluronic acid versus 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose in patients with dry eye associated with moderate keratitis or keratoconjunctivitis.

PubMed

Groß, Dorothea; Childs, Marc; Piaton, Jean-Marie

2018-01-01

Eye drops containing 0.1% hyaluronic acid (HA) and 0.5% carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) applied one drop three times a day per affected eye were compared in patients with moderate keratitis or keratoconjunctivitis related to dry eye disease (DED). This was a prospective, randomized, multicenter, Phase IIIB noninferiority study, with a single-masked phase in parallel mode with two groups over 84 days. The primary efficacy outcome was change in ocular surface (OS) staining between day 0 (D0) and day 35 (D35). The conjunctiva and cornea were stained with lissamine green and fluorescein. Secondary efficacy measures at day 84 (D84) were OS-staining score (SS), ocular comfort index, tear-film breakup time and how patients and investigators rated treatment efficacy and safety. At D35, 0.1% HA achieved a 46.6% reduction in OS-SS (-2.03±1.35 points, n=39 patients) and 0.5% CMC treatment, followed by a 34.9% reduction (-1.61±1.69 points, n=38 patients) compared to D0. At D84, the SS difference to D0 improved by -2.58±1.45 points (-59.2%) for 0.1% HA and -2.59±2.27 points (-54.4%) for 0.5% CMC. Ocular comfort-index scores improved, with significantly lower (better) values for stinging and itching on D84 for 0.1% HA. Patients assessed treatment with 0.1% HA as significantly better than 0.5% CMC (Likert scale, 4.82 vs 3.97; P =0.018). Four adverse events (AEs) occurred in four of 41 patients (9.8%) treated with 0.1% HA, and three AEs in two of 39 patients (5.1%) treated with 0.5% CMC. No serious AEs were noted. DED signs and symptoms of DED significantly improved with both eye drops. OS staining improved >54% at D84. Treatment was well tolerated, with only minor AEs <10%. 0.1% HA and 0.5% CMC were equally safe and effective. Significant and nonsignificant results were constantly in favor of 0.1% HA.

3D printed glass: surface finish and bulk properties as a function of the printing process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klein, Susanne; Avery, Michael P.; Richardson, Robert; Bartlett, Paul; Frei, Regina; Simske, Steven

2015-03-01

It is impossible to print glass directly from a melt, layer by layer. Glass is not only very sensitive to temperature gradients between different layers but also to the cooling process. To achieve a glass state the melt, has to be cooled rapidly to avoid crystallization of the material and then annealed to remove cooling induced stress. In 3D-printing of glass the objects are shaped at room temperature and then fired. The material properties of the final objects are crucially dependent on the frit size of the glass powder used during shaping, the chemical formula of the binder and the firing procedure. For frit sizes below 250 μm, we seem to find a constant volume of pores of less than 5%. Decreasing frit size leads to an increase in the number of pores which then leads to an increase of opacity. The two different binders, 2- hydroxyethyl cellulose and carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, generate very different porosities. The porosity of samples with 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose is similar to frit-only samples, whereas carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt creates a glass foam. The surface finish is determined by the material the glass comes into contact with during firing.

New Therapy of Skin Repair Combining Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells with Sodium Carboxymethylcellulose Scaffold in a Pre-Clinical Rat Model

PubMed Central

Rodrigues, Cristiano; de Assis, Adriano M.; Moura, Dinara J.; Halmenschlager, Graziele; Saffi, Jenifer; Xavier, Léder Leal; da Cruz Fernandes, Marilda; Wink, Márcia Rosângela

2014-01-01

Lesions with great loss of skin and extensive burns are usually treated with heterologous skin grafts, which may lead rejection. Cell therapy with mesenchymal stem cells is arising as a new proposal to accelerate the healing process. We tested a new therapy consisting of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) as a biomaterial, in combination with adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), to treat skin lesions in an in vivo rat model. This biomaterial did not affect membrane viability and induced a small and transient genotoxicity, only at the highest concentration tested (40 mg/mL). In a rat wound model, CMC at 10 mg/mL associated with ADSCs increased the rate of cell proliferation of the granulation tissue and epithelium thickness when compared to untreated lesions (Sham), but did not increase collagen fibers nor alter the overall speed of wound closure. Taken together, the results show that the CMC is capable to allow the growth of ADSCs and is safe for this biological application up to the concentration of 20 mg/mL. These findings suggest that CMC is a promising biomaterial to be used in cell therapy. PMID:24788779

Recovery From Amiodarone-Induced Cornea Verticillata by Application of Topical Heparin.

PubMed

Frings, Andreas; Schargus, Marc

2017-11-01

To report a case of amiodarone-induced vortex keratopathy-associated anatomical findings and subjective visual perception before and after treatment with topical heparin eye drops. Case report. A 76-year-old man complained of halos in his vision in both his eyes due to prominent bilateral cornea verticillata. For treatment of cornea verticillata, we prescribed unpreserved eye drops of a sterile, phosphate-free solution of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate with 1300 IU/mL heparin sodium 3 times daily to the left eye, whereas the other side served as the control. The area of corneal deposits was measured by 2 examiners before and at the 1- and 3-month examination. At last follow-up, cornea verticillata had been reduced from 6 to 2 mm in area by approximately 66% from grade-III to grade-II amiodarone keratopathy. In patients using amiodarone, clearing of cornea verticillata may be achieved by topical use of unpreserved eye drops of a sterile, phosphate-free solution of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate with 1300 IU/mL heparin sodium.

Regional distribution of acid mucopolysaccharides in the kidney

PubMed Central

Castor, C. W.; Greene, J. A.

1968-01-01

Kidneys from 20 dogs were dissected into cortical and medullary components and analysed for acid mucopolysaccharide content. Heparitin sulfate accounted for approximately 80% of cortical acid mucopolysaccharide, 10% was chondroitin sulfate B, and 10% was low molecular weight hyaluronic acid. Medullary tissue exhibited a 4- to 5-fold higher concentration of acid mucopolysaccharide than did cortical tissue, and the dominant compound was moderately highly polymerized hyaluronic acid. While chondroitin sulfates A and (or) C were not detected in this study, the presence of minor amounts of these substances could not be excluded. A model experiment indicated that hyaluronic acid retards sodium diffusion, apparently due to its viscous properties rather than its electronegativity. PMID:4233982

Synthesis and radiosensitization properties of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hyaluronate complex

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rosli, Nur Ratasha Alia Md.; Mohamed, Faizal; Heng, Cheong Kai

2014-09-03

Cancer cells which are large in size are resistant towards radiation therapy due to the presence of large amount of anti-oxidative enzymes and hypoxic cancer cells. Thus radiosensitizer agents have been developed to enhance the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy by increasing the sensitivity of these cancer cells towards radiation. This study is conducted to investigate the radiosensitization properties of radiosensitizer complex containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium hyaluronate. Combination with sodium hyaluronate may decrease reactivity of hydrogen peroxide but maintain the oxygen concentration needed for radiosensitizing effect. HepG2 cancer cells are cultured as the mean of test subject. Cancer cell samplesmore » which are targeted and not targeted with these radiosensitizers are irradiated with 2Gy single fractionated dose. Results obtained shows that the cancer cells which are not targeted with radiosensitizers has a cell viability of 98.80±0.37% after a time interval of 48 hours and has even repopulated over 100% after a 72 hour time interval. This shows that the cancer cells are resistant towards radiation. However, when the cancer cells are targeted with radiosensitizers prior to irradiation, there is a reduction of cell viability by 25.50±10.81% and 10.30±5.10% at time intervals of 48 and 72 hours respectively. This indicates that through the use of these radiosensitizers, cancer cells are more sensitive towards radiation.« less

Treatment with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in a patient who had early-onset bleb leakage after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C

PubMed Central

Sagara, Hideto; Sekiryu, Tetsuju; Noji, Hiroki; Ogasawara, Masashi; Imaizumi, Kimihiro; Yago, Keiko

2015-01-01

We present the case of a 47-year-old man who had bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. Schirmer I test revealed tear secretions of 5 mm and 3 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. Tear breakup times in the right and left eyes were 7 and 8 seconds, respectively. The ocular surface staining in both eyes was scored as Grade 1 as per the Oxford scheme. Retinal photocoagulation was performed for correction of the proliferative diabetic retinopathy and rubeosis iridis, which resolved with treatment. However, the intraocular pressure in the left eye could not be adequately controlled. Therefore, trabeculectomy with mitomycin C using limbal-based conjunctival flap was performed. Three hours after the surgery, the patient developed a large and diffuse filtering bleb, but no leakage occurred from the conjunctival scar. However, on the first postoperative day, leakage was noted and the conjunctiva was at the leakage point. The leakage resolved transiently, but recurred the next day. Severe keratoconjunctival epithelial failure was detected, and the patient was administrated 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops six times daily. The epithelial failure improved, and many microcysts were detected on the bleb surface where the epithelial failure improved. The leakage resolved 2 days after initiation of the sodium hyaluronate eye drops. The microcysts disappeared and the bleb surface became smooth 1 month later. PMID:26664245

Treatment with sodium hyaluronate eye drops in a patient who had early-onset bleb leakage after trabeculectomy with mitomycin C.

PubMed

Sagara, Hideto; Sekiryu, Tetsuju; Noji, Hiroki; Ogasawara, Masashi; Imaizumi, Kimihiro; Yago, Keiko

2015-01-01

We present the case of a 47-year-old man who had bilateral proliferative diabetic retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. Schirmer I test revealed tear secretions of 5 mm and 3 mm in the right and left eyes, respectively. Tear breakup times in the right and left eyes were 7 and 8 seconds, respectively. The ocular surface staining in both eyes was scored as Grade 1 as per the Oxford scheme. Retinal photocoagulation was performed for correction of the proliferative diabetic retinopathy and rubeosis iridis, which resolved with treatment. However, the intraocular pressure in the left eye could not be adequately controlled. Therefore, trabeculectomy with mitomycin C using limbal-based conjunctival flap was performed. Three hours after the surgery, the patient developed a large and diffuse filtering bleb, but no leakage occurred from the conjunctival scar. However, on the first postoperative day, leakage was noted and the conjunctiva was at the leakage point. The leakage resolved transiently, but recurred the next day. Severe keratoconjunctival epithelial failure was detected, and the patient was administrated 0.1% sodium hyaluronate eye drops six times daily. The epithelial failure improved, and many microcysts were detected on the bleb surface where the epithelial failure improved. The leakage resolved 2 days after initiation of the sodium hyaluronate eye drops. The microcysts disappeared and the bleb surface became smooth 1 month later.

Synthesis and radiosensitization properties of hydrogen peroxide and sodium hyaluronate complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosli, Nur Ratasha Alia Md.; Mohamed, Faizal; Heng, Cheong Kai; Rahman, Irman Abdul; Ahmad, Ainee Fatimah; Mohamad, Hur Munawar Kabir

2014-09-01

Cancer cells which are large in size are resistant towards radiation therapy due to the presence of large amount of anti-oxidative enzymes and hypoxic cancer cells. Thus radiosensitizer agents have been developed to enhance the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy by increasing the sensitivity of these cancer cells towards radiation. This study is conducted to investigate the radiosensitization properties of radiosensitizer complex containing hydrogen peroxide and sodium hyaluronate. Combination with sodium hyaluronate may decrease reactivity of hydrogen peroxide but maintain the oxygen concentration needed for radiosensitizing effect. HepG2 cancer cells are cultured as the mean of test subject. Cancer cell samples which are targeted and not targeted with these radiosensitizers are irradiated with 2Gy single fractionated dose. Results obtained shows that the cancer cells which are not targeted with radiosensitizers has a cell viability of 98.80±0.37% after a time interval of 48 hours and has even repopulated over 100% after a 72 hour time interval. This shows that the cancer cells are resistant towards radiation. However, when the cancer cells are targeted with radiosensitizers prior to irradiation, there is a reduction of cell viability by 25.50±10.81% and 10.30±5.10% at time intervals of 48 and 72 hours respectively. This indicates that through the use of these radiosensitizers, cancer cells are more sensitive towards radiation.

Efficacy of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyethyl starch in preventing adhesion following endoscopic sinus surgery.

PubMed

Kim, Su-Jong; Shin, Jae-Min; Lee, Eun Jung; Park, Il-Ho; Lee, Heung-Man; Kim, Kyung-Su

2017-10-01

Adhesion is a major complication of endoscopic sinus surgery that may lead to recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis, necessitating revision surgery. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyethyl starch (HA-HES) relative to hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) with regard to anti-adhesion effect. In this multi-center, prospective, single-blind, randomized controlled study, 77 consecutive patients who underwent bilateral endoscopic sinus surgery were enrolled between March 2014 and March 2015. HA-HES and HA-CMC were applied to randomly assigned ethmoidectomized cavities after the removal of middle meatal packing. At the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks after surgery, the presence and grades of adhesion, edema, and infection were, respectively, examined via endoscopy by a blinded assessor. The incidence and grades of adhesion at the 2-week follow-up were significantly less in the HA-CMC group than in the HA-HES group (p < 0.05). However, with the exception of week 2, there were no significant differences in the incidence or grades of adhesion, edema, and infection between the two groups. When the primary endpoint-the presence of adhesion at the 4-week follow-up-was compared between two groups, the incidence of adhesion in HA-HES group at the 4-week follow-up was 32% and in HA-CMC was 41.3%, indicating that HA-HES was not inferior to HA-CMC in terms of anti-adhesive effect. No severe adverse reactions were noted during the study period. In conclusion, HA-HES is a safe substitutional anti-adhesion agent that has equivalent effect as HA-CMC after endoscopic sinus surgery.

Comparison of in vivo efficacy of different ocular lubricants in dry eye animal models.

PubMed

Zheng, Xiaodong; Goto, Tomoko; Ohashi, Yuichi

2014-04-29

To compare the efficacy of three types of ocular lubricants in protecting corneal epithelial cells in dry eye animal models. Ocular lubricants containing 0.1% or 0.3% sodium hyaluronate (SH), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), or hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) were tested. First, ocular lubricant containing 0.002% fluorescein was dropped onto the rabbit corneas. The fluorescein intensity as an index of retention was measured. Second, a rabbit dry eye model was made by holding the eye open with a speculum, and 50 μL of each ocular lubricant was dropped onto the cornea. After 3 hours, the corneas were stained with 1% methylene blue (MB), and the absorbance of MB was measured. Third, a rat dry eye model was treated with the ocular lubricants for 4 weeks, and the corneal fluorescein staining was scored. Eyes treated with physiological saline were used as controls. Finally, immunohistochemistry was used to analyze occludin, an epithelial barrier protein, in cultured human corneal epithelial cells pretreated with ocular lubricants and desiccated for 20 or 60 minutes. Our results showed that 0.3% SH had a significantly longer retention time than the other lubricants (all P < 0.01). The absorbance of MB was significantly lower in the 0.3% SH group. The corneas of rats exposed to 0.3% SH had significantly lower fluorescein staining scores. A significantly higher number of occludin-positive cells were found after exposure to 0.3% SH than other lubricants. Ocular lubricant containing 0.3% SH would be preferable to treat patients with dry eye syndrome. Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Comparison of Intraperitoneal Honey and Sodium Hyaluronate-Carboxymethylcellulose (Seprafilm™) for the Prevention of Postoperative Intra-Abdominal Adhesions

PubMed Central

Emre, Arif; Akin, Murat; Isikgonul, Ipek; Yuksel, Osman; Anadol, Ahmet Ziya; Cifter, Cagatay

2009-01-01

BACKGROUND: Abdominal surgery can lead to postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions (PIAAs) with significant morbidity and mortality. This study compares the use of honey with a standard bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm™) to prevent the formation of PIAAs in rats. METHODS: Thirty rats underwent laparotomy, and PIAAs were induced by scraping the cecum. The animals were divided into three groups, each containing ten rats. Group 1 (control) represented the cecal abrasion group, with no intraperitoneal administration of any substance. Group 2 (honey group) underwent cecal abrasion and intraperitoneal administration of honey. Group 3 (Seprafilm™ group) underwent cecal abrasion and intraperitoneal Seprafilm™ application. RESULTS: Group 1 exhibited higher adhesion scores for adhesions between the abdominal wall and the organs. Groups 2 and 3 had decreased adhesive attachments to the intra-abdominal structures. Compared to group 1, the incidence of adhesion formation was lower in both group 2 (p=0.001) and group 3 (p=0.001). The incidence of fibrosis was also lower in group 2 (p=0.016) and group 3 (p=0.063) compared to group 1. There was no significant difference between the histopathological fibrosis scores for the rats in group 2 and those in group 3 (p= 0.688). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that both honey and Seprafilm™ decrease the incidence of PIAAs in the rat cecal abrasion model. Although the mechanism of action is not clear, intraperitoneal administration of honey reduced PIAAs. The outcome of this study demonstrates that honey is as effective as Seprafilm™ in preventing PIAAs. PMID:19488596

Clinical comparision of intravesical hyaluronic acid and hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulphate therapy for patients with bladder pain syndrome/interstitital cystitis.

PubMed

Gülpınar, Omer; Kayış, Aytaç; Süer, Evren; Gökçe, Mehmet İlker; Güçlü, Adil Güçal; Arıkan, Nihat

2014-09-01

Patients with a history of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) and who responded poorly or unsatisfactorily with previous treatment were compared taking intravesical hyaluronic acid (HA) or hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulphate (HA-CS). Patients were treated with intravesical instillation with 50 mL sterile sodium hyalurinic acid (Hyacyst, Syner-Med, Surrey, UK) (n = 32) and sodium hyaluronate 1.6% sodium chondroitin sulphate 2% (Ialuril, Aspire Pharma, UK) (n = 33). Intravesical instillations were performed weekly in first month, every 15 days in the second month and monthly in third and fourth months, for a total of 8 doses. Patients were evaluated using a visual analog pain scale (VAS), interstitial cystitis symptom index (ICSI), interstitial cystitis problem index (ICPI), voiding diary for frequency/nocturia, cystometric bladder capacity and voided volume at the beginning and at 6 months. All patients had a potassium sensitivity test (PST) initially. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for statistical analysis. In total, 53 patients met the study criteria. There were 30 patients in the HA-CS group (mean age: 48.47) and 23 patients in the HA group (mean age: 49.61) (p > 0.05). The initial PST was positive in 71.7% patients (38/53) overall with no difference between groups (p > 0.05). Responses for VAS, ICCS, ICPS, 24-hour frequency/nocturia statistically improved in both groups at 6 months. There was no significant difference in symptomatic improvement (p > 0.05). Eight patients had mild adverse events. HA and HA/CS instillation can be effective in BPS/IC patients who do not respond to conservative treatment. An important limitation of our study is that the HA dosage of the 2 treatment arms were different. It would be more appropriate with same HA dosage in both groups; however, there was no commercially available glycosaminoglycan (GAG) substance with same HA dosage for single and combination therapy. Large, long-term randomized studies are required to determine if there is a difference between these treatments.

Comparison of histological effects of polydeoxyribonucleic acid and hyaluronic acid in experimentally induced osteoarthritis of the knee joints of rats

PubMed Central

Karahan, Nazım; Arslan, İlyas; Orak, Müfit; Midi, Ahmet; Yücel, İstemi

2017-01-01

Aim: The histological effects of intra-articular polydeoxyribonucleic acid and hyaluronic acid in experimentally induced osteoarthritis of the knee joints of rats were investigated. Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups, i.e. polydeoxyribonucleic acid group, hyaluronic acid group and saline group. Osteoarthritis of the knee joints of the rats were induced by acl- transection. The polydeoxyribonucleic group was injected with 100 µg (0.05 cc) polydeoxyribonucleic acid. The hyaluronic acid group was injected with 100 µg (0.05 cc) hyaluronic acid, and the saline group was injected with 50 µl (0.05 cc) of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. All of the rats were sacrificed on day 29 and the right knee joints were prepared, and evaluated histologically by Mankin classification. Findings: The differences in total Mankin scores between the three groups were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The differences in total Mankin scores between the polydeoxyribonucleic acid group and the hyaluronic acid group were statistically significant (P < 0.01). The differences in total Mankin scores between hyaluronic acid group and saline group were statistically significant (P < 0.01). Tidemark continuity in all the specimens of the polydeoxyribonucleic acid group was noteworthy. Conclusion: The present study shows that more chondroprotective effect and less degeneration was observed with intra-articularly delivered polydeoxyribonucleic acid compared to hyaluronic acid and saline solution in the experimentally induced osteoarthritis of the knee joints of rats.

FORMULATION AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT OF HERBAL PHENOLIC BIOPOLYMER-CONTAINING FILMS FOR BURN TREATMENT.

PubMed

Gokadze, S; Barbakadze, V; Mulkijanyan, K; Bakuridze, A; Bakuridze, L

2017-06-01

Application of phytofilms based on biosolublepolymers is considered as a prospectivemethod for burn treatment . Herbal remedies contain biologically active substances, that are relatively less toxic, do not cause skin irritation or allergic reactions and, importantly, affectstrains of the microorganisms and viruses resistant to antibiotics and synthetic drugs. Nowadays, the advantages are given to such burn healing drugs, which along with high specific efficacy, have analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, and don't irritate the tissues. The mentioned peculiarities are characteristic for a new herbal phenolic biopolymer poly[3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl) glyceric acid](PDGA), isolated from the roots and stems of different comfrey species . The aim of the study was the development of the formulation and technology of biosoluble films for burn treatment on the basis of PDGA. The optimal content of phytofilm for burn healing was selected on the basis of the biopharmaceutical study results. The impact of the film-former on the quality, adhesion and moisture absorption of the phytofilmhas been studied. The optimal degree of the phytofilm moisture, determining its high adhesive properties,was established. The film prepared on the basis of sodium alginate, with 30.4% humidity, demonstrated the greatest adhesion strength. After investigation of the PDGA release it was found, that the hydrophilic bases such as: sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (69.2%) andsodium alginate (78,65%) appeared to be optimal among the others. At the same time, taking into consideration the disadvantages of sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose (tautening effect on burnt surface, relatively low stability), a film based on sodium alginate has been chosen. The manufacturing technology for obtaining PDGA-containing phytofilm by casting is proposed. Theshelf-lifeofproposedPDGA-containingphytofilmis 2 years.

Is the addition of a polyol to hyaluronic acid a significant advance in the treatment of osteoarthritis?

PubMed

Conrozier, Thierry

2017-07-10

Viscosupplementation with intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid is recommended as a second line treatment for knee OA, after failure of non-pharmacological modalities and usual pain killers. Nevertheless there is still controversies regarding clinical relevance of its effects. Research is looking at the best means to improve the performance of viscosupplementation in order to obtain a faster, more sustainable and more marked effect. Antioxidants have been assessed in combination with hyaluronic acid because the injected hyaluronate is rapidly degraded by the reactive oxygen species present in large amounts in the OA synovial fluid, limiting its residence time into the joint. Sorbitol and mannitol which have intrinsic free radical scavenger properties have been the most studied antioxidants. Sodium hyaluronate and polyols develop together a complex based on a dense network of hydrogen bonds that do not modify the visco-elsatic properties of hyaluronic acid. The oxygen free radicals neutralization by mannitol has been proven to delay the degradation of both linear and cross-linked HA in several in vitro models of oxidative stress. The antioxidant effect of these polyols may also play a role in accelerate onset of analgesia, as demonstrated in a double blind controlled trial comparing a mannitol-modified viscosupplement to regular hyaluronic acid. The addition of mannitol and sorbitol to hyaluronic acid does not alter the safety and local tolerability. In summary, adding a polyol to hyaluronic acid may improve the effects of viscosupplementation, by reducing the rate of degradation of HA that leads to an earlier effect on pain relief without increasing the risk of adverse effect. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.

Influence of D-Penicillamine on the Viscosity of Hyaluronic Acid Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Jing; Krause, Wendy E.; Colby, Ralph H.

2006-03-01

Polyelectrolyte hyaluronic acid (HA, hyaluronan) is an important component in synovial fluid. Its presence results in highly viscoelastic solutions with excellent lubricating and shock-absorbing properties. In comparison to healthy synovial fluid, diseased fluid has a reduced viscosity. In osteoarthritis this reduction in viscosity results from a decline in both the molecular weight and concentration of hyaluronic acid HA. Initial results indicate that D-penicillamine affects the rheology of bovine synovial fluid, a model synovial fluid solution, and its components, including HA. In order to understand how D-penicillamine modifies the viscosity of these solutions, the rheological properties of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) with D-penicillamine were studied as function of time, D-penicillamine concentration (0 -- 0.01 M), and storage conditions. Penicillamine has a complex, time dependent effect on the viscosity of NaHA solutions---reducing the zero shear rate viscosity of a 3 mg/mL NaHA in PBS by ca. 40% after 44 days.

Injectable and body temperature sensitive hydrogels based on chitosan and hyaluronic acid for pH sensitive drug release.

PubMed

Zhang, Wei; Jin, Xin; Li, Heng; Zhang, Run-Run; Wu, Cheng-Wei

2018-04-15

Hydrogels based on chitosan/hyaluronic acid/β-sodium glycerophosphate demonstrate injectability, body temperature sensitivity, pH sensitive drug release and adhesion to cancer cell. The drug (doxorubicin) loaded hydrogel precursor solutions are injectable and turn to hydrogels when the temperature is increased to body temperature. The acidic condition (pH 4.00) can trigger the release of drug and the cancer cell (Hela) can adhere to the surface of the hydrogels, which will be beneficial for tumor site-specific administration of drug. The mechanical strength, the gelation temperature, and the drug release behavior can be tuned by varying hyaluronic acid content. The mechanisms were characterized using dynamic mechanical analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The carboxyl group in hyaluronic acid can form the hydrogen bondings with the protonated amine in chitosan, which promotes the increase of mechanical strength of the hydrogels and depresses the initial burst release of drug from the hydrogel. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A multicentre, randomised, controlled trial to assess the safety, ease of use, and reliability of hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose powder adhesion barrier versus no barrier in colorectal laparoscopic surgery.

PubMed

Berdah, Stéphane V; Mariette, Christophe; Denet, Christine; Panis, Yves; Laurent, Christophe; Cotte, Eddy; Huten, Nöel; Le Peillet Feuillet, Eliane; Duron, Jean-Jacques

2014-10-27

Intra-peritoneal adhesions are frequent following abdominal surgery and are the most common cause of small bowel obstructions. A hyaluronic acid/carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) film adhesion barrier has been shown to reduce adhesion formation in abdominal surgery. An HA/CMC powder formulation was developed for application during laparoscopic procedures. This was an exploratory, prospective, randomised, single-blind, parallel-group, Phase IIIb, multicentre study conducted at 15 hospitals in France to assess the safety of HA/CMC powder versus no adhesion barrier following laparoscopic colorectal surgery. Subjects ≥18 years of age who were scheduled for colorectal laparoscopy (Mangram contamination class I‒III) within 8 weeks of selection were eligible, regardless of aetiology. Participants were randomised 1:1 to the HA/CMC powder or no adhesion barrier group using a centralised randomisation list. Patients assigned to HA/CMC powder received a single application of 1 to 10 g on adhesion-prone areas. In the no adhesion barrier group, no adhesion barrier or placebo was applied. The primary safety assessments were the incidence of adverse events, serious adverse events, and surgical site infections (SSIs) for 30 days following surgery. Between-group comparisons were made using Fisher's exact test. Of those randomised to the HA/CMC powder (n = 105) or no adhesion barrier (n = 104) groups, one patient in each group discontinued prior to the study end (one death in each group). Adverse events were more frequent in the HA/CMC powder group versus the no adhesion barrier group (63% vs. 39%; P <0.001), as were serious adverse events (28% vs. 11%; P <0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the HA/CMC powder group and the no adhesion barrier group in SSIs (21% vs. 14%; P = 0.216) and serious SSIs (12% vs. 9%; P = 0.38), or in the most frequent serious SSIs of pelvic abscess (5% and 2%; significance not tested), anastomotic fistula (3% and 4%), and peritonitis (2% and 3%). This exploratory study found significantly higher rates of adverse events and serious adverse events in the HA/CMC powder group compared with the no adhesion barrier group in laparoscopic colorectal resection. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00813397. Registered 19 December 2008.

Safety and Efficacy of Alginate Adhesion Barrier Gel in Compromised Intestinal Anastomosis.

PubMed

Chaturvedi, Ankit A; Yauw, Simon T K; Lomme, Roger M L M; Hendriks, Thijs; van Goor, Harry

For any anti-adhesive barrier developed for abdominal surgery, the use under conditions in which anastomotic healing is compromised needs to be investigated. The current study evaluates the effect of a new ultrapure alginate gel on early healing of high-risk anastomoses in the ileum and compares this with the gold standard used in clinical practice. In 75 adult male Wistar rats, a 5 mm ileal segment was resected and continuity was restored by construction of an inverted anastomosis. Rats were divided randomly into a control group and groups receiving either alginate gel or a sodium hyaluronate carboxymethylcellulose (HA/CMC) film around the anastomosis (n = 25 each). Carprofen, given in a daily dose of 1.25 mg/kg, was used to compromise anastomotic healing. At day three, animals were killed and scored for signs of anastomotic leakage and the presence of adhesions. The incidence of adhesion formation was 95% in the HA/CMC film group, which was significantly higher than in the controls (64%, p = 0.010) and the alginate gel group (52%, p = 0.004). The adhesion score was nearly 40% lower in the alginate gel group compared with the HA/CMC film group. The incidence of ileal leakage in the HA/CMC film group (92%) was significantly higher than in the controls (68%, p = 0.016). Leakage rate did not differ between the alginate gel and control groups. There was no significant difference between groups in either incision bursting pressure or incision breaking strength. Ultrapure alginate gel does not interfere with repair of ileal anastomoses constructed under conditions in which chances of anastomotic dehiscence are high. The alginate gel performs better than the HA/CMC film.

Postoperative intra-abdominal collections using a sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) barrier at the time of laparotomy for uterine or cervical cancers.

PubMed

Leitao, Mario M; Byrum, Graham V; Abu-Rustum, Nadeem R; Brown, Carol L; Chi, Dennis S; Sonoda, Yukio; Levine, Douglas A; Gardner, Ginger J; Barakat, Richard R

2010-11-01

A prior analysis of patients undergoing laparotomy for ovarian malignancies at our institution revealed an increased rate of intra-abdominal collections using HA-CMC film during debulking surgery. The primary objective of the current study was to determine whether the use of HA-CMC is associated with the development of postoperative intra-abdominal collections in patients undergoing laparotomy for uterine or cervical malignancies. We retrospectively identified all laparotomies performed for these malignancies from 3/1/05 to 12/31/07. We identified cases involving the use of HA-CMC via billing records and operative reports. Intra-abdominal collections were defined as localized intraperitoneal fluid accumulations in the absence of re-accumulating ascites. We noted incidences of intra-abdominal collections, as well as other complications. Appropriate statistical tests were applied using SPSS 15.0. We identified 169 laparotomies in which HA-CMC was used and 347 in which HA-CMC was not used. The following were statistically similar in both cohorts: age, body mass index (BMI), primary site, surgery for recurrent disease, prior intraperitoneal surgery, and extent of current surgery. Intra-abdominal collections were seen in 6 (3.6%) of 169 HA-CMC cases compared to 10 (2.9%) of 347 non-HA-CMC cases (p=0.7). The rate of infected collections was similar in both groups (1.2% vs. 1.4%). In the subgroup that underwent tumor debulking, intra-abdominal collections were seen in 3 (11.5%) of 26 HA-CMC cases compared to 2 (5.4%) of 37 non-HA-CMC cases (p=0.6). HA-CMC use does not appear to be associated with postoperative intra-abdominal collections in patients undergoing laparotomy for uterine or cervical cancer. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Analysis of postoperative complications associated with the use of anti-adhesion sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethylcellulose (HA-CMC) barrier after cytoreductive surgery for ovarian, fallopian tube and peritoneal cancers.

PubMed

Krill, Lauren S; Ueda, Stefanie M; Gerardi, Melissa; Bristow, Robert E

2011-02-01

To evaluate the risk of postoperative complications related to HA-CMC use in patients undergoing optimal cytoreductive surgery for primary and recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers. A single institution retrospective review identified all patients undergoing optimal (≤1 cm) cytoreductive surgery for primary or recurrent ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers between 1/95 and 12/08. Operative details and post-operative complications (<30 days) were extracted from the medical record. Fisher's exact test, Mann-Whitney-U, and multiple regression analyses were performed to identify factors, including HA-CMC use, associated with post-operative complications. Three hundred seventy-five cases were analyzed: HA-CMC was utilized in 168 debulking procedures. There was no difference in the incidence of overall morbidity for patients with HA-CMC compared to those without HA-CMC (OR 1.07; 95% CI: 0.68-1.67). On univariate analysis, application of HA-CMC increased the risk of pelvic abscess (OR 2.66; 95% CI: 1.21-5.86), particularly in the primary surgery setting (OR 4.65; 95% CI: 1.67-12.98) and in patients undergoing hysterectomy (OR 3.36; 95% CI: 1.18-9.53). After controlling for confounding factors using multiple linear regression, HA-CMC use approached statistical significance in predicting an increased risk of pelvic abscess but not major postoperative morbidity. HA-CMC adhesion barrier placement at the time of optimal cytoreductive surgery for ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancer is not associated with major postoperative complications but may be associated with increased risk of pelvic abscess. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The efficacy of intra-articular sodium hyaluronate in patients with reducing displaced disc of the temporomandibular joint.

PubMed

Hepguler, S; Akkoc, Y S; Pehlivan, M; Ozturk, C; Celebi, G; Saracoglu, A; Ozpinar, B

2002-01-01

In this clinical trial, we examined the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment in 38 patients with reducing displaced disc of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Subjects received two unilateral upper space injections of HA or physiological saline solution with 1 week apart. Efficacy was based on the following measurements: pain and sound intensity of the joint measured by visual analogue scale (VAS), modified Helkimo's clinical dysfunction index and the intensity of joint vibration during opening and closing the mouth measured by accelerometers. These measurements were performed before the first injection and 1 and 6 months after the last injection. In the treatment group (n=19), all measurements improved significantly at month 1 and at month 6 compared with the baseline (P < 0.01). The same measurements, in the placebo group (n=19), did not show any change, except for the pain intensity which improved at month 1 and month 6 (P < 0.05). The change in baseline measurements of all of the efficacy criteria at month 1 and at month 6 in the treatment group was significantly better compared with the change obtained with placebo at the same time intervals. This study demonstrates that intra-articular sodium hyaluronate (Orthovisc) injection into the TMJ is an effective treatment for a reducing displaced disc.

Anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea and Ruscus topical gel on carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats.

PubMed

Maswadeh, Hamzah M; Semreen, Mohammad H; Naddaf, Ahmad R

2006-01-01

The anti-inflammatory activity of Achillea and Ruscus extracts was studied in comparison with diclofenac sodium topical gel (diclosal Emulgel), using the carrageenan induced paw edema model in Albino rats. Gel formulation was prepared containing 6% of each extract in gel base, namely sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC). The kinetics of drug release from the prepared formulation was studied separately in each case. Results showed that the release follows the Higuchi square root equation. The pharmacological screening revealed that the percent reduction of edema for Achillea extract and Ruscus extract were 48.1% and 18.8%, respectively, while diclosal Emulgel produced 47% reduction of edema.

[Determination of contact angle of pharmaceutical excipients and regulating effect of surfactants on their wettability].

PubMed

Hua, Dong-dong; Li, He-ran; Yang, Bai-xue; Song, Li-na; Liu, Tiao-tiao; Cong, Yu-tang; Li, San-ming

2015-10-01

To study the effects of surfactants on wettability of excipients, the contact angles of six types of surfactants on the surface of two common excipients and mixture of three surfactants with excipients were measured using hypsometry method. The results demonstrated that contact angle of water on the surface of excipients was associated with hydrophilcity of excipients. Contact angle was lowered with increase in hydrophilic groups of excipient molecules. The sequence of contact angle from small to large was starch < sodium benzoate < polyvinylpyrrolidone < sodium carboxymethylcellulose < sodium alginate < chitosan < hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose

21 CFR 522.1145 - Hyaluronate sodium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... equine osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intra-articular injection in horses only. Treatment may be... osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intraarticular injection in horses only. Treatment may be repeated at... dysfunction in horses due to acute or chronic noninfectious synovitis associated with equine osteoarthritis...

21 CFR 522.1145 - Hyaluronate sodium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... equine osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intra-articular injection in horses only. Treatment may be... osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intraarticular injection in horses only. Treatment may be repeated at... dysfunction in horses due to acute or chronic noninfectious synovitis associated with equine osteoarthritis...

21 CFR 522.1145 - Hyaluronate sodium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... equine osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intra-articular injection in horses only. Treatment may be... osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intraarticular injection in horses only. Treatment may be repeated at... dysfunction in horses due to acute or chronic noninfectious synovitis associated with equine osteoarthritis...

21 CFR 522.1145 - Hyaluronate sodium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... equine osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intra-articular injection in horses only. Treatment may be... osteoarthritis. (iii) Limitations. For intraarticular injection in horses only. Treatment may be repeated at... dysfunction in horses due to acute or chronic noninfectious synovitis associated with equine osteoarthritis...

Novel apigenin-loaded sodium hyaluronate nano-assemblies for targeting tumor cells.

PubMed

Zhao, Ting; He, Yue; Chen, Huali; Bai, Yan; Hu, Wenjing; Zhang, Liangke

2017-12-01

We aimed to construct a novel nano-assembly carrying apigenin (APG), a hydrophobic drug, and to evaluate its in vitro targeting ability for A549 cells overexpressing CD44 receptors. The apigenin-loaded sodium hyaluronate nano-assemblies (APG/SH-NAs) were assembled by multiple non-covalent interactions between sodium hyaluronate (SH) and APG. The prepared APG/SH-NAs exhibited a small average size and narrow particle size distribution. In addition, satisfactory encapsulation efficiency and drug loading were obtained. The drug release curves indicated that APG/SH-NAs achieved a sustainable drug-release effect due to the presence of hydrophilic materials. The in vitro cytotoxicity of APG/SH-NAs against A549 cells and HepG2 cells was evaluated, and the results indicated that the prepared APG/SH-NA showed higher cytotoxicity compared to apigenin suspensions. When CD44 receptors on the surface of A549 cells were blocked by the addition of excess SH, the cytotoxicity of APG/SH-NA was significantly reduced. However, similar phenomena were not observed in HepG2 cells with relatively low CD44 receptor expression. The resulting APG/SH-NAs could efficiently facilitate the internalization of APG into A549 cells, which might be due to their high affinity for CD44 receptors. Moreover, the apoptotic rate of APG/SH-NAs through receptor-mediated endocytosis mechanism was higher than that of the other groups in A549 cells. Thus, such nano-assemblies were considered to be an effective transport system with excellent affinity for CD44 receptors to allow the SH-mediated targeted delivery of APG. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Development of curcumin loaded sodium hyaluronate immobilized vesicles (hyalurosomes) and their potential on skin inflammation and wound restoring.

PubMed

Manca, M L; Castangia, I; Zaru, M; Nácher, A; Valenti, D; Fernàndez-Busquets, X; Fadda, A M; Manconi, M

2015-12-01

In the present work new highly biocompatible nanovesicles were developed using polyanion sodium hyaluronate to form polymer immobilized vesicles, so called hyalurosomes. Curcumin, at high concentration was loaded into hyalurosomes and physico-chemical properties and in vitro/in vivo performances of the formulations were compared to those of liposomes having the same lipid and drug content. Vesicles were prepared by direct addition of dispersion containing the polysaccharide sodium hyaluronate and the polyphenol curcumin to a commercial mixture of soy phospholipids, thus avoiding the use of organic solvents. An extensive study was carried out on the physico-chemical features and properties of curcumin-loaded hyalurosomes and liposomes. Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy and small-angle X-ray scattering showed that vesicles were spherical, uni- or oligolamellar and small in size (112-220 nm). The in vitro percutaneous curcumin delivery studies on intact skin showed an improved ability of hyalurosomes to favour a fast drug deposition in the whole skin. Hyalurosomes as well as liposomes were biocompatible, protected in vitro human keratinocytes from oxidative stress damages and promoted tissue remodelling through cellular proliferation and migration. Moreover, in vivo tests underlined a good effectiveness of curcumin-loaded hyalurosomes to counteract 12-O-tetradecanoilphorbol (TPA)-produced inflammation and injuries, diminishing oedema formation, myeloperoxydase activity and providing an extensive skin reepithelization. Thanks to the one-step and environmentally-friendly preparation method, component biocompatibility and safety, good in vitro and in vivo performances, the hyalurosomes appear as promising nanocarriers for cosmetic and pharmaceutical applications. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endoscopic and clinical benefits of hyaluronic acid in children with chronic adenoiditis and middle ear disease.

PubMed

Torretta, S; Marchisio, P; Rinaldi, V; Carioli, D; Nazzari, E; Pignataro, L

2017-03-01

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is involved in modulating inflammatory airway processes and mucociliary clearance. Some studies have tested the effectiveness of the topical administration of HA in patients with upper airway diseases with positive preliminary results. A prospective, single-blind, 1:1 randomised controlled study was performed to assess the efficacy and safety of the daily topical administration of 9 mg of sodium hyaluronate in 3 mL of a 0.9 % sodium saline solution on the basis of endoscopic and clinical parameters in children with chronic adenoiditis associated with recurrent acute otitis media and otitis media with effusion; age- and gender-matched children receiving normal 0.9 % sodium chloride saline solution were used as controls. Analysis was based on 103 (mean age 63.3 ± 18.2 months; 52 males, 50.5 %) children: 54 in the study group and 49 in the control group. A statistically significant reduction in the mean number of all acute otitis media episodes (AOME) (mean reduction 0.8 ± 0.4 per month; p value 0.05) and AOME without tympanic membrane perforation (mean reduction 0.6 ± 0.3 per month; p value 0.04) after recruitment was documented only in the study group. HA significantly improved all the endoscopic outcomes (p values ranging between 0.05 and <0.01) but one. Nasal washing with saline solution was effective on only three of them (p values ranging between 0.03 and <0.01). No untoward effects were documented. Our results confirm the safety and document the positive effect of topically administered HA solution on children with chronic adenoiditis associated with middle ear disease.

Development and Characterization of Sodium Hyaluronate Microparticle-Based Sustained Release Formulation of Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Prepared by Spray-Drying.

PubMed

Kim, Sun J; Kim, Chan W

2016-02-01

The purpose of this study was to develop and characterize a sodium hyaluronate microparticle-based sustained release formulation of recombinant human growth hormone (SR-rhGH) prepared by spray-drying. Compared to freeze-drying, spray-dried SR-rhGH showed not only prolonged release profiles but also better particle property and injectability. The results of size-exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography showed that no aggregate was detected, and dimer was just about 2% and also did not increase with increase of inlet temperature up to 150 °C. Meanwhile, the results of reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography revealed that related proteins increased slightly from 4.6% at 100 °C to 6.3% at 150 °C. Thermal mapping test proved that product temperature did not become high to cause protein degradation during spray-drying because thermal energy was used for the evaporation of surface moisture of droplets. The structural characterization by peptide mapping, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and circular dichroism revealed that the primary, secondary, and tertiary structures of rhGH in SR-rhGH were highly comparable to those of reference somatropin materials. The biological characterization by rat weight gain and cell proliferation assays provided that bioactivity of SR-rhGH was equivalent to that of native hGH. These data establish that spray-dried SR-rhGH is highly stable by preserving intact rhGH and hyaluronate microparticle-based formulation by spray-drying can be an alternative delivery system for proteins. Copyright © 2016 American Pharmacists Association®. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Microfluidization of Graphite and Formulation of Graphene-Based Conductive Inks

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

We report the exfoliation of graphite in aqueous solutions under high shear rate [∼ 108 s–1] turbulent flow conditions, with a 100% exfoliation yield. The material is stabilized without centrifugation at concentrations up to 100 g/L using carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt to formulate conductive printable inks. The sheet resistance of blade coated films is below ∼2Ω/□. This is a simple and scalable production route for conductive inks for large-area printing in flexible electronics. PMID:28102670

A rheological assessment of the nature of interactions between mucoadhesive polymers and a homogenised mucus gel.

PubMed

Madsen, F; Eberth, K; Smart, J D

1998-06-01

The ability of mucoadhesive materials to produce a large increase in the resistance to deformation when incorporated into a mucus gel, relative to when the mucus gel and test materials are evaluated separately at the same concentration, has been reported in several previous studies. It has been proposed that this phenomenon, termed rheological synergism, can be used as a measure of the strength of the mucoadhesive interaction. This study investigated the interactions between four putative mucoadhesive polymers (Noveon, Pemulen TR-2, carageenan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and a homogenised mucus gel, using dynamic oscillatory rheology. It was shown that, with the exception of sodium carboxymethylcellulose, incorporating a mucoadhesive polymer into a mucus gel produces rheological behaviour indicative of a weakly cross-linked gel network, which suggested a structure containing physical chain entanglements and non-covalent (probably hydrogen) bonds. Optimum gel strengthening occurred in a weakly acidic environment, suggesting an optimum conformation and degree of ionisation of the polymer and mucus molecules. Subsequent work suggested that the macromolecular interactions between polymer and mucus are sensitive to temperature, with the dynamic moduli decreasing with increasing temperature, further indicating bonding of a non-covalent nature. This work provide further evidence that rheological methods can be used as a tool to evaluate the interactions between a mucoadhesive macromolecule and a mucus gel. It also adds to the perception that molecular interpenetration may be an important factor in mucoadhesion by strengthening the mucus in the mucoadhesive/mucosal interfacial layer.

Clinical investigation of the effect of topical anesthesia on intraocular pressure

PubMed Central

Almubrad, Turki M; Ogbuehi, Kelechi C

2007-01-01

Background/Aims: Contact tonometry is generally considered more accurate than non-contact tonometry in the assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP). This study was designed to investigate the effect of ocular anesthesia, a pre-requisite for contact tonometry, on the IOP in a sample of visually normal subjects. Method: In a random sample of 120 young visually normal subjects (divided equally among three groups), the Topcon CT80 non-contact tonometer was used to measure IOP before, at the second minute and at the fifth minute following instillation of one drop of one of three eyedrops – carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5% (control), oxybuprocaine hydrochloride 0.4% and proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5%. Results: The IOP measured before instilling the ophthalmic drops did not vary significantly among the three groups of subjects (p > 0.05). In the control group, the average IOP of 15.1 ± 2.6 mmHg did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) 2 minutes and 5 minutes following instillation of one drop of Carboxymethylcellulose sodium. There were statistically significant reductions of IOP 2 minutes (p < 0.01) and 5 minutes (p < 0.001) after the instillation of one drop of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride. One drop of proparacaine hydrochloride caused significant reductions in the average IOP after 2 minutes (p < 0.001) and after 5 minutes (p < 0.001). Conclusions: One drop of topical proparacaine or oxybuprocaine may cause a small but a statistically significant reduction in IOP which could lead to lower IOP readings. PMID:19668485

Clinical investigation of the effect of topical anesthesia on intraocular pressure.

PubMed

Almubrad, Turki M; Ogbuehi, Kelechi C

2007-09-01

Contact tonometry is generally considered more accurate than non-contact tonometry in the assessment of intraocular pressure (IOP). This study was designed to investigate the effect of ocular anesthesia, a pre-requisite for contact tonometry, on the IOP in a sample of visually normal subjects. In a random sample of 120 young visually normal subjects (divided equally among three groups), the Topcon CT80 non-contact tonometer was used to measure IOP before, at the second minute and at the fifth minute following instillation of one drop of one of three eyedrops - carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5% (control), oxybuprocaine hydrochloride 0.4% and proparacaine hydrochloride 0.5%. The IOP measured before instilling the ophthalmic drops did not vary significantly among the three groups of subjects (p > 0.05). In the control group, the average IOP of 15.1 +/- 2.6 mmHg did not vary significantly (p > 0.05) 2 minutes and 5 minutes following instillation of one drop of Carboxymethylcellulose sodium. There were statistically significant reductions of IOP 2 minutes (p < 0.01) and 5 minutes (p < 0.001) after the instillation of one drop of oxybuprocaine hydrochloride. One drop of proparacaine hydrochloride caused significant reductions in the average IOP after 2 minutes (p < 0.001) and after 5 minutes (p < 0.001). One drop of topical proparacaine or oxybuprocaine may cause a small but a statistically significant reduction in IOP which could lead to lower IOP readings.

Local treatment of the inner ear: a study of three different polymers aimed for middle ear administration.

PubMed

Engmér Berglin, Cecilia; Videhult Pierre, Pernilla; Ekborn, Andreas; Bramer, Tobias; Edsman, Katarina; Hultcrantz, Malou; Laurell, Göran

2015-01-01

A formulation based on sodium hyaluronate (NaHYA) was the most promising candidate vehicle for intra-tympanic drug administration regarding conductive hearing loss, inflammatory reactions, and elimination. Recent advances in inner ear research support the idea of using the middle ear cavity for drug administration to target the inner ear. This paper presents rheological and safety assessments of three candidate polymer formulations for intra-tympanic drug administration. The formulations were based on sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), sodium hyaluronate (NaHYA), and poloxamer 407 (POL). Rheological studies were performed with a controlled rate instrument of the couette type. Safety studies were performed in guinea pigs subjected to an intra-tympanic injection of the formulations. Hearing function was explored with ABR before and 1, 2, and 3 weeks after the injection. Elimination of the formulations marked with coal was explored with an endoscopic digital camera 1, 2, and 3 weeks after injection. Middle and inner ear morphology was examined with light microscopy 6 days after injection. The results speak in favor of NaHYA, since it did not cause prolonged hearing threshold elevations. The results of the elimination and morphological investigations support the conclusion of NaHYA being the most promising candidate for intra-tympanic administration.

Permeation of sumatriptan succinate across human skin using multiple types of self-dissolving microneedle arrays fabricated from sodium hyaluronate.

PubMed

Wu, Dan; Katsumi, Hidemasa; Quan, Ying-Shu; Kamiyama, Fumio; Kusamori, Kosuke; Sakane, Toshiyasu; Yamamoto, Akira

2016-09-01

Available formulations of sumatriptan succinate (SS) have low bioavailability or are associated with site reactions. We developed various types of self-dissolving microneedle arrays (MNs) fabricated from sodium hyaluronate as a new delivery system for SS and evaluated their skin permeation and irritation in terms of clinical application. In vitro permeation studies with human skin, physicochemical properties (needle length, thickness and density), and penetration enhancers (glycerin, sodium dodecyl sulfate and lauric acid diethanolamide) were investigated. SS-loaded high-density MNs of 800 µm in length were the optimal formulation and met clinical therapeutic requirements. Penetration enhancers did not significantly affect permeation of SS from MNs. Optical coherence tomography images demonstrated that SS-loaded high-density MNs (800 µm) uniformly created drug permeation pathways for the delivery of SS into the skin. SS-loaded high-density MNs induced moderate primary skin irritations in rats, but the skin recovered within 72 h of removal of the MNs. These findings suggest that high-density MNs of 800 µm in length are an effective and promising formulation for transdermal delivery of SS. To our knowledge, this is the first report of SS permeation across human skin using self-dissolving MNs.

78 FR 73697 - New Animal Drugs; Hyaluronate Sodium; Hydrogen Peroxide; Imidacloprid and Moxidectin; Change of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

... MULTI for Supplemental 524.1146 yes CE.1 3 LLC, Animal Health Dogs (imidacloprid approval for the..., KS 66201. circulating microfilariae in heartworm-positive dogs and the treatment and control of... dogs and the treatment and control of sarcoptic mange caused by Sarcoptes scabiei var. canis...

Dynamic Light Scattering Study of Pig Vitreous Body

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsuura, Toyoaki; Idota, Naokazu; Hara, Yoshiaki; Annaka, Masahiko

The phase behaviors and dynamical properties of pig vitreous body were studied by macroscopic observation of swelling behavior and dynamic light scattering under various conditions. From the observations of the dynamics of light scattered by the pig vitreous body under physiological condition, intensity autocorrelation functions that revealed two diffusion coefficients, D fast and D slow were obtained. We developed the theory for describing the density fluctuation of the entities in the vitreous gel system with sodium hyaluronate filled in the meshes of collagen fiber network. The dynamics of collagen and sodium hyaluronate explains two relaxation modes of the fluctuation. The diffusion coefficient of collagen obtained from D fast and D slow is very close to that in aqueous solution, which suggests the vitreous body is in the swollen state. Divergent behavior in the measured total scattered light intensities and diffusion coefficients upon varying the concentration of salt (NaCl and CaCl2) was observed. Namely, a slowing down of the dynamic modes accompanied by increased “static” scattered intensities was observed. This is indicative of the occurrence of a phase transition upon salt concentration.

Pervaporation dehydration of ethanol by hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate two-active-layer composite membranes.

PubMed

Gao, Chengyun; Zhang, Minhua; Ding, Jianwu; Pan, Fusheng; Jiang, Zhongyi; Li, Yifan; Zhao, Jing

2014-01-01

The composite membranes with two-active-layer (a capping layer and an inner layer) were prepared by sequential spin-coatings of hyaluronic acid (HA) and sodium alginate (NaAlg) on the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) support layer. The SEM showed a mutilayer structure and a distinct interface between the HA layer and the NaAlg layer. The coating sequence of two-active-layer had an obvious influence on the pervaporation dehydration performance of membranes. When the operation temperature was 80 °C and water concentration in feed was 10 wt.%, the permeate fluxes of HA/Alg/PAN membrane and Alg/HA/PAN membrane were similar, whereas the separation factor were 1130 and 527, respectively. It was found that the capping layer with higher hydrophilicity and water retention capacity, and the inner layer with higher permselectivity could increase the separation performance of the composite membranes. Meanwhile, effects of operation temperature and water concentration in feed on pervaporation performance as well as membrane properties were studied. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Accelerated wound healing of oral soft tissues and angiogenic effect induced by a pool of aminoacids combined to sodium hyaluronate (AMINOGAM).

PubMed

Favia, G; Mariggio, M A; Maiorano, F; Cassano, A; Capodiferro, S; Ribatti, D

2008-01-01

In this study we investigated the property of a new medical substance, in the form of a gel compound containing four aminoacids (glycine, leucine, proline, lysine) and sodium hyaluronate (AMINOGAM), to accelerate the wound healing process of the soft oral tissues and to promote angiogenesis in vivo in the vascular proliferation in chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Furthermore, we investigated the capacity of AMINOGAM to induce the expression of an angiogenic cytokine, namely vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human fibroblasts in vitro. Results showed that AMINOGAM promoted wound healing in post-surgical wounds (after teeth extraction, oral laser surgery with secondary healing without direct suture of the surgical wound, and after dental implant insertion). Stimulated angiogenesis in vivo in the CAM assay and the response was similar to that obtained with vascular endothelial growth factor, a well-known angiogenic cytokine, tested in the same assay, and confirmed by clinical outcomes, which showed reduction of the healing time of oral soft tissues after three different kinds of surgery and also the absence of post-operative infections.

Application of hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate-based microparticles to prevent tissue adhesion in a rabbit model.

PubMed

Back, Ja Hoon; Cho, Wan Jin; Kim, Jun Ho; Park, Il Kyu; Kwon, Sung Won

2016-04-01

Postsurgical adhesion formation is a concern in every field of surgery. We evaluated the efficacy of hyaluronic acid/sodium alginate-based microparticle anti-adhesive agents (MP) for the prevention of postsurgical adhesion formation in a standardized rabbit model. To evaluate the anti-adhesion effect, a uterus-abdominal wall abrasion model was created in rabbits. On the surface of the injured uterus, an anti-adhesive agent, Interceed(®) or MP, was applied (positive control and study groups, respectively; n = 10 each). In another group of 10 animals, neither agent was applied (negative control group). The adhesion levels were graded 3 weeks after surgery. Acute and chronic toxicity was also evaluated. The grade of adhesion was significantly lower in the MP group than in the negative control and positive control groups. No evidence of acute or chronic toxicity induced by this material was found in blood and tissue analysis. MP shows potential as an effective novel type of resorbable biomaterial to reduce postoperative adhesion. The easy placement and handling of this material make the MP powder attractive as a tissue adhesion barrier.

Efficacy and safety of single injection of cross-linked sodium hyaluronate vs. three injections of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate for osteoarthritis of the knee: a double-blind, randomized, multi-center, non-inferiority study.

PubMed

Ha, Chul-Won; Park, Yong-Beom; Choi, Chong-Hyuk; Kyung, Hee-Soo; Lee, Ju-Hong; Yoo, Jae Doo; Yoo, Ju-Hyung; Choi, Choong-Hyeok; Kim, Chang-Wan; Kim, Hee-Chun; Oh, Kwang-Jun; Bin, Seong-Il; Lee, Myung Chul

2017-05-26

This randomized, double-blind, multi-center, non-inferiority trial was conducted to assess the efficacy and safety of a cross-linked hyaluronate (XLHA, single injection form) compared with a linear high molecular hyaluronate (HMWHA, thrice injection form) in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Two hundred eighty seven patients with osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grade I to III) were randomized to each group. Three weekly injections were given in both groups but two times of saline injections preceded XLHA injection to maintain double-blindness. Primary endpoint was the change of weight-bearing pain (WBP) at 12 weeks after the last injection. Secondary endpoints included Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index; patient's and investigator's global assessment; pain at rest, at night, or in motion; OMERACT-OARSI responder rate; proportion of patients achieving at least 20 mm or 40% decrease in WBP; and rate of rescue medicine use and its total consumption. Mean changes of WBP at 12 weeks after the last injection were -33.3 mm with XLHA and -29.2 mm with HMWHA, proving non-inferiority of XLHA to HMWHA as the lower bound of 95% CI (-1.9 mm, 10.1 mm) was well above the predefined margin (-10 mm). There were no significant between-group differences in all secondary endpoints. Injection site pain was the most common adverse event and no remarkable safety issue was identified. This study demonstrated that a single injection of XLHA was non-inferior to three weekly injections of HMWHA in terms of WBP reduction, and supports XLHA as an effective and safe treatment for knee osteoarthritis. ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT01510535 ). This trial was registered on January 6, 2012.

Viscoelastic substance in prefilled syringe as an etiology of Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome.

PubMed

Althomali, Talal Abdulrahman

2016-09-01

Toxic Anterior Segment Syndrome (TASS) is an acute postoperative inflammatory reaction in which a noninfectious substance enters the anterior segment and induces toxic damage to the intraocular tissues. To present etiologic investigation of two consecutive clusters of TASS. TASS outbreak and investigation: This paper presents two consecutive clusters of TASS in 15 of the 24 uneventful surgeries and the investigation carried out to find the etiology. After the occurrence of first cluster of TASS, sterilization-related etiology was explored; however, we did not find any lacunae in the sterilization and cleaning process in the operating theater (OT). Nevertheless, multiple changes in cleaning process were implemented. Still a second cluster of TASS was encountered in the following session of OT. Several other factors which include preservatives, hand gloves, intraocular lenses, medications/solutions, intraocular penetration of topically administered drugs, and viscoelastics were investigated as the possible etiology of the second consecutive cluster of TASS; however, most of them were ruled out. The newly introduced viscoelastic I-visc® 1.4% sodium hyaluronate (I medical, i-Medical Ophthalmic International GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) was thought to be the most likely cause and was replaced with previously in use sodium hyaluronate 1.5% and lidocaine hydrochloride 1% (Visthesia, CZ, Germany) in the following session of OT. No further TASS incident was encountered after replacing the viscoelastic. Investigation revealed that 1.4% sodium hyaluronate in prefilled syringe (PFS) (I-visc® 1.4%) was the etiologic factor of two consecutive clusters of TASS. While TASS due to residual denatured ophthalamic viscosurgical devices (OVDs) is a common knowledge, current study brings out that even disposable viscoelastic material supplied in PFSs can be an etiology of TASS. It is important to recognize that contamination of OVDs with endotoxins can occur at the time of manufacturing. Therefore, in the absence of appropriate guidelines for ophthalmic preparations, endotoxin limit for medical preparations (i.e. <0.5 endotoxin units/ml) must be considered during OVD manufacture.

Molecular mass determination and assay of venom hyaluronidases by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

PubMed

Cevallos, M A; Navarro-Duque, C; Varela-Julia, M; Alagon, A C

1992-08-01

We describe a procedure for molecular mass determination of hyaluronidases present in animal venoms from different families. Hyaluronidases can be revealed, following their electrophoretic separation in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel containing hyaluronic acid, by incubating the gel in Triton X-100 to remove sodium dodecyl sulfate and restore in situ enzyme activity. This method allows the detection of as little as 0.025 turbidity-reducing units after 2 hr incubation. All the hyaluronidases from the analyzed invertebrate venoms had a mass below 50,000 and showed only one component, while those from vertebrate venoms were more than 60,000 and in many instances contained more than one form.

The Rheological Properties of the Biopolymers in Synovial Fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krause, Wendy E.; Klossner, Rebecca R.; Wetsch, Julie; Oates, Katherine M. N.; Colby, Ralph H.

2005-03-01

The polyelectrolyte hyaluronic acid (HA, hyaluronan), its interactions with anti-inflammatory drugs and other biopolymers, and its role in synovial fluid are being studied. We are investigating the rheological properties of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) solutions and an experimental model of synovial fluid (comprised of NaHA, and the plasma proteins albumin and γ-globulins). Steady shear measurements on bovine synovial fluid and the synovial fluid model indicate that the fluids are highly viscoeleastic and rheopectic (stress increases with time under steady shear). In addition, the influence of anti-inflammatory agents on these solutions is being explored. Initial results indicate that D-penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine affect the rheology of the synovial fluid model and its components. The potential implications of these results will be discussed.

Visco-Elastic Properties of Sodium Hyaluronate Solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulicke, Werner-Michael; Meyer, Fabian; Bingöl, Ali Ö.; Lohmann, Derek

2008-07-01

Sodium Hyaluronate (NaHA) is a member of the glycosaminoglycans and is present in the human organism as part of the synovial fluid and the vitreous body. HA is mainly commercialized as sodium or potassium salt. It can be extracted from cockscombs or can be produced by bacterial fermentation ensuring a low protein content. Because of its natural origin and toxicological harmlessness, NaHA is used to a great extent for pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. In medical applications, NaHA is already being used as a component of flushing and stabilizing fluids in the treatment of eye cataract and as a surrogate for natural synovial fluid. Another growing domain in the commercial utilization of NaHA is the field of skin care products like dermal fillers or moisturizers. In this spectrum, NaHA is used in dilute over semidilute up to concentrated (0

Hyaluronate nanoparticles included in polymer films for the prolonged release of vitamin E for the management of skin wounds.

PubMed

Pereira, Gabriela Garrastazu; Detoni, Cassia Britto; Balducci, Anna Giulia; Rondelli, Valeria; Colombo, Paolo; Guterres, Silvia Stanisçuaski; Sonvico, Fabio

2016-02-15

Lecithin and hyaluronic acid were used for the preparation of polysaccharide decorated nanoparticles loaded with vitamin E using the cationic lipid dioctadecyldimethylammonium bromide (DODMA). Nanoparticles showed mean particle size in the range 130-350 nm and narrow size distribution. Vitamin E encapsulation efficiency was higher than 99%. These nanoparticles were incorporated in polymeric films containing Aloe vera extract, hyaluronic acid, sodium alginate, polyethyleneoxide (PEO) and polyvinylalcohol (PVA) as an innovative treatment in skin wounds. Films were thin, flexible, resistant and suitable for application on burn wounds. Additionally, in vitro occlusion study highlighted the dependence of the occlusive effect on the presence of nanoparticles. The results obtained show that the bioadhesive films containing vitamin E acetate and Aloe vera could be an innovative therapeutic system for the treatment of skin wounds, such as burns. The controlled release of the vitamin along with a reduction in water loss through damaged skin provided by the nanoparticle-loaded polymer film are considered important features for an improvement in wound healing and skin regeneration. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of the 60 S ribosomal subunit proteins L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39.

PubMed

Tsurugi, K; Collatz, E; Wool, E G; Lin, A

1976-12-25

The proteins of the large subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into seven groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. Seventeen proteins (L4, L5, L7, L9, L11, L12, L13, L21, L22, L23, L26, L27, L30, L33, L35', L37, and L39) were isolated from three of the groups (B60, D60, G60) by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethylcellulose and by filtration through Sephadex. The amount of protein obtained varied from 0.5 to 15 mg. Eight of the proteins (L9, L11, L13, L21, L22, L35', L37 and L39) had no detectable contamination; the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined.

76 FR 18156 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From the Netherlands: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-01

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-421-811] Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From the Netherlands: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from the Netherlands. See Initiation of Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Administrative...

Non-surgical treatment of deep wounds triggered by harmful physical and chemical agents: a successful combined use of collagenase and hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Onesti, Maria G; Fino, Pasquale; Ponzo, Ida; Ruggieri, Martina; Scuderi, Nicolò

2016-02-01

Some chronic ulcers often occur with slough, not progressing through the normal stages of wound healing. Treatment is long and other therapies need to be performed in addition to surgery. Patients not eligible for surgery because of ASA class (American Society of Anesthesiologists class) appear to benefit from chemical therapy with collagenase or hydrocolloids in order to prepare the wound bed, promoting the healing process. We describe four cases of traumatic, upper limb deep wounds caused by different physical and chemical agents, emphasising the effectiveness of treatment based on topical application of collagenase and hyaluronic acid (HA) before standardised surgical procedures. We performed careful disinfection of lesions combined with application of topical cream containing hyaluronic acid, bacterial fermented sodium hyaluronate (0·2%w/w) salt, and bacterial collagenase obtained from non-pathogenic Vibrio alginolyticus (>2·0 nkat1/g). In one patient a dermo-epidermal graft was used to cover the wide loss of substance. In two patients application of a HA-based dermal substitute was done. We obtained successful results in terms of wound healing, with satisfactory aesthetic result and optimal recovery of the affected limb functionality. Topical application of collagenase and HA, alone or before standardised surgical procedures allows faster wound healing. © 2014 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2014 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Conversion of agricultural residues to carboxymethylcellulose and carboxymethylcellulose acetate

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In view of continuing interest in the use of agricultural by-products, we have converted cellulose, wheat straw, barley straw, and rice hull into carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). Microwave-assisted synthesis was found to be a partly effective alternative to the conventional heating process. The CMC thu...

Carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate restore bone repair in diabetic rat sockets.

PubMed

Sá, M A; Andrade, V B; Mendes, R M; Caliari, M V; Ladeira, L O; Silva, E E; Silva, G A B; Corrêa-Júnior, J D; Ferreira, A J

2013-07-01

We evaluated the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HY) and carbon nanotubes functionalized with HY (HY-CNT) on bone repair in the tooth sockets of diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (50 mg kg(-1) i.v.), and the sockets were divided into normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with HY (1%), and diabetic treated with HY-CNT (100 μg ml(-1)) groups. The sockets were analyzed according to the percentage of bone formation and the number of cell nuclei. The percentage of bone trabeculae was lower in diabetic control animals (11.16 ± 5.10% vs 41.92 ± 6.34% in normal animals) after 14 days. Treating diabetic animals with HY or HY-CNT significantly increased the percentage of neoformed trabeculae (HY: 29.43 ± 3.29%; HY-CNT: 36.90 ± 3.07%). Moreover, the sockets of diabetic animals had an increased number of cell nuclei and HY or HY-CNT reduced this parameter. Our results indicate that HY and HY-CNT restore bone repair in the tooth sockets of diabetic rats, suggesting that these biomaterials are potential adjuvant therapies for the management of diabetes. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[The influence of sodium hyaluronate solution and artificial tears on higher-order aberrations].

PubMed

Yamashita, Tsutomu; Ochi, Shintarou; Inoue, Yasushi; Miki, Atsushi; Kiryu, Junichi; Tabuchi, Akio

2013-12-01

To investigate the influence of sodium hyaluronate solution (HA) and artificial tears (AT) on higher-order aberrations (HOAs). Twenty four eyes of 24 normal subjects and 11 eyes of 11 dry eye patients were examined. Cornea and ocular wavefront aberrations (total, spherical-like and coma-like) were measured with a Hartmann-Shack wavefront aberrometer before and after 0.1% or 0.3% HA, AT. The consecutively obtained data of the cornea and ocular HOAs were analyzed in the central 4-mm diameter for coma-like, spherical-like and total HOAs. Average HOAs, as well as fluctuation index (FI) and stability index (SI) of the HOAs over time were compared between the two groups. In normal subjects, the AVE of all aberration parameters and FI showed an increase depending on viscosity of the HA (p < 0.001). After AT and 0.1% HA treatment the cornea aberration of the dry eye patients changed from a sawtooth pattern to a stable pattern. Cornea HOAs decreased, and the optical characteristics showed improvement after AT and 0.1% HA in the dry eye patients. HOAs increased depending on the viscosity of the HA, and optical stability worsened.

Bio-Tribology Properties of Bionic Carp Scale Morphology on Ti6A14V Surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, W.; Y Wei, X.; Meng, K.; Zhong, L. H.; Wang, Y.; Yu, X. H.

2017-12-01

In order to improve the bio-tribology properties of Ti6A14V surface, the bionic carp scale appearance pattern on Ti6A14V surface was prepared by laser surface texturing technology. The ball-disc reciprocating linear tribological experiment under different lubricants with dry friction was carried out by MRTR multifunction friction and wear testing machine using ZrO2/Ti6A14V as friction pair. The wear scar morphology of the sample surface was observed by SEM. The results show that for dry friction, the friction factor of the bionic carp scale morphology Ti6A14V reduces by 0.23 than those without bionic carp scale morphology, a decline of 45%. Under different lubrication conditions, the friction factors of samples with the bionic carp scale are increased in varying degrees with the increase of size of bionic texturing. The friction factor with same specimen under different lubrication conditions according to the ascending order are 0.5g/dl of sodium hyaluronate +0.5g/dl-γglobulin and 0.5g/dl mixed aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate solution and artificial saliva. The wear volume also showed a similar variation.

Development of antibacterial paper coated with sodium hyaluronate stabilized curcumin-Ag nanohybrid and chitosan via polyelectrolyte complexation for medical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao Kummara, Madhusudana; Kumar, Anuj; Soo, Han Sung

2017-11-01

Sodium hyaluronate (HA) stabilized curcumin-Ag (Cur-Ag) hybrid nanoparticles were prepared in the water-ethanol mixture under constant mechanical stirring condition. The obtained HA stabilized Cur-Ag hybrid nanoparticles were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, and x-ray diffraction to confirm the formation and structural interactions. The obtained Cur-Ag hybrid nanoparticles showed spherical shape with their size range 5-12 nm that was increased with the increasing a amount of silver ions as confirmed by transmission electron microscopic analysis. Further, a fibrous cellulose filter paper was impregnated with these hybrid nanoparticles and chitosan (CS) as biopolymer via polyelectrolyte complexation. The morphological analysis confirmed the uniform distribution of hybrid nanoparticle system onto the cellulose fibers of the fibrous filter paper. As per disc diffusion method, the Cur-Ag hybrid nanoparticles impregnated CS-coated filter paper exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against gram-negative Escherichia coli (E.coli) bacteria compared to HA stabilized Cur only. Moreover, as prepared hybrid nanoparticles impregnated biocomposite system is eco-friendly with efficient antibacterial property and have good potential to be used in medical applications.

Comparative Study Between Sodium Carboxymethyl-Cellulose Silver, Moist Exposed Burn Ointment, and Saline-Soaked Dressing for Treatment of Facial Burns

PubMed Central

Hindy, A.

2009-01-01

Summary Facial burns vary from relatively minor insults to severe debilitating injuries. Sustaining a burn injury is often a psychological trauma for the victim and is especially menacing when the face and neck are involved. This study was carried out on 60 patients with superficial dermal burns to the face admitted to the Burn Unit of Tanta University Hospital, Egypt, from September 2007 to July 2008. The patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups, each of which was treated with one of the following: sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose silver (Aquacel Ag®), MEBO® (moist exposed burn ointment), or saline-soaked dressing. We found that patients managed with MEBO® had less pain and itching and easier movement than those managed with Aquacel Ag®, while the Aquacel Ag® group required a shorter duration of time for healing, without any bad odour, than the MEBO® group. Quality of healing and patient satisfaction were nearly equal as regards MEBO® and Aquacel Ag®. Saline-soaked dressings were least satisfactory - they caused the most pain and itching, limited the patients' movements the most, needed the longest time for healing, and gave patients the least satisfaction. It was concluded that MEBO® was an excellent choice for management of facial burns owing to its soothing effect, ease of patient movement, easy handling, and good healing properties. Aquacel Ag® was found to be comparable to MEBO® and is specially recommended when frequent dressings cause difficulties for the patients or when they cannot accept a bad odour; saline-soaked dressings are not recommended for the management of facial burns because of the pain they cause, itching, limitation of patient movement, and delayed healing. PMID:21991168

Comparative study between sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose silver, moist exposed burn ointment, and saline-soaked dressing for treatment of facial burns.

PubMed

Hindy, A

2009-09-30

Facial burns vary from relatively minor insults to severe debilitating injuries. Sustaining a burn injury is often a psychological trauma for the victim and is especially menacing when the face and neck are involved. This study was carried out on 60 patients with superficial dermal burns to the face admitted to the Burn Unit of Tanta University Hospital, Egypt, from September 2007 to July 2008. The patients were allocated randomly to one of three groups, each of which was treated with one of the following: sodium carboxymethyl-cellulose silver (Aquacel Ag®), MEBO® (moist exposed burn ointment), or saline-soaked dressing. We found that patients managed with MEBO® had less pain and itching and easier movement than those managed with Aquacel Ag®, while the Aquacel Ag® group required a shorter duration of time for healing, without any bad odour, than the MEBO® group. Quality of healing and patient satisfaction were nearly equal as regards MEBO® and Aquacel Ag®. Saline-soaked dressings were least satisfactory - they caused the most pain and itching, limited the patients' movements the most, needed the longest time for healing, and gave patients the least satisfaction. It was concluded that MEBO® was an excellent choice for management of facial burns owing to its soothing effect, ease of patient movement, easy handling, and good healing properties. Aquacel Ag® was found to be comparable to MEBO® and is specially recommended when frequent dressings cause difficulties for the patients or when they cannot accept a bad odour; saline-soaked dressings are not recommended for the management of facial burns because of the pain they cause, itching, limitation of patient movement, and delayed healing.

A phase II prospective, non-comparative assessment of a new silver sodium carboxymethylcellulose (AQUACEL(®) Ag BURN) glove in the management of partial thickness hand burns.

PubMed

Duteille, Franck; Jeffery, Steven L A

2012-11-01

Nylon-reinforced silver sodium carboxymethylcellulose (AQUACEL(®) Ag BURN) dressings were developed to be pliable and conforming for the management of partial-thickness burns. This study evaluated the AQUACEL(®) Ag BURN glove for the management of hand burns. This 21-day, phase II, prospective, non-comparative study included 23 patients with partial-thickness hand burn of at least two fingers. The AQUACEL(®) Ag BURN glove was applied to one hand and could remain in place up to 21 days until clinically indicated to change the glove. Dressings were evaluated 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 14, and 21 days after initial application. Safety was the primary study endpoint. Sixteen (70%) hand burns re-epithelialized fully over a mean of 15.6 days. Initial application was easy/very easy for 20 (87%) patients. Mean time for initial dressing application was 5.4 min. At final evaluation, most patients gave ratings of excellent/good for conformability (91%), overall glove performance (74%), and appropriateness of sizes (83%). Mean pain score from 0 (none) to 10 (worst imaginable) was 3.43 at baseline; during the study, mean scores were 1.15 at rest and 2.29 during movement. Of 61 glove removals, most (72%) were easy/very easy, and 12% had fallen off. Adverse events (wound site or elsewhere) occurred in 15 (65%) patients. Treatment-related adverse events were wound pain (17%), maceration (9%), and stiff fingers (4%). The AQUACEL(®) Ag BURN glove was well tolerated in the management of partial-thickness hand burn. Many patients used only one glove. When glove changes were required, they were usually quick and easy. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

77 FR 14733 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland and the Netherlands: Extension of Time Limit for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-13

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-405-803, A-421-811] Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland and the Netherlands: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping... carboxymethylcellulose from Finland and the Netherlands covering the period July 1, 2010, through June 30, 2011. See...

Controlled synthesis and inclusion ability of a hyaluronic acid derivative bearing beta-cyclodextrin molecules.

PubMed

Charlot, Aurélia; Heyraud, Alain; Guenot, Pierre; Rinaudo, Marguerite; Auzély-Velty, Rachel

2006-03-01

A new synthetic route to beta-cyclodextrin-linked hyaluronic acid (HA-CD) was developed. This was based on the preparation of a HA derivative selectively modified with adipic dihydrazide (HA-ADH) and a beta-cyclodextrin derivative possessing an aldehyde function on the primary face, followed by their coupling by a reductive amination-type reaction. The CD-polysaccharide was fully characterized in terms of chemical integrity and purity by high-resolution NMR spectroscopy. The complexation ability of the grafted CD was further demonstrated by isothermal titration calorimetry using sodium adamantane acetate (ADAc) and Ibuprofen as model guest molecules. The thermodynamic parameters for the complexation of these negatively charged guest molecules by the beta-CD grafted on negatively charged HA were shown to be largely influenced by the ionic strength of the aqueous medium.

[Water-exchange processes in hyaline cartilage and its basic components in a normal state and in osteoarthritis].

PubMed

Nikolaeva, S S; Chkhol, K Z; Bykov, V A; Roshchina, A A; Iakovleva, L V; Koroleva, O A; Omel'ianenko, N P; Rebrov, L B

2000-01-01

The content of different forms of tissue water was studied in the normal articular cartilage and osteoarthrosis cartilage and its structural components: collagen, potassium hyaluronate, sodium chondroitinsulphate and its complexes. In the components of cartilage matrix a few of fractions of bound water different in the strength of binding are present. At the maximal humidity, all water in collagen binds with the active groups of biopolymers and in the glycosaminoglycans, in addition to bound water, are present, two crystal forms of freezing water (free water) at least. The quantity of free water in the collagen-chondroitin sulphat membrane, is increased with the increase of chondroitin sulphate. In the collagen-hyaluronate complex, fraction of free water is found only at the low concentration of hyaluronate kalium. It was shown that in the hyalin cartilage, in different from the other connective tissue (skin, achilles tendon), the most part of water is free water and its quantity is increased in the osteoarthrosis. It is supposed that the rearrangement of binding and free-water fractions in the osteoarthrosis is the result of deficiency of hyaluronic acid and therefore this may be regarded in the improvement of methods of treatment. This scientific and methodical approach allow to receive information on the forms and binding energy of water in the biological tissues, which is absorbed from fluids and steam phase and determine characters of the pathological changes.

Vaginal inserts based on chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose complexes for local delivery of chlorhexidine: preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activity.

PubMed

Bigucci, Federica; Abruzzo, Angela; Vitali, Beatrice; Saladini, Bruno; Cerchiara, Teresa; Gallucci, Maria Caterina; Luppi, Barbara

2015-01-30

The aim of this work was to prepare vaginal inserts based on chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose polyelectrolyte complexes for local delivery of chlorhexidine digluconate. Complexes were prepared with different chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose molar ratios at a pH value close to pKa interval of the polymers and were characterized in terms of physico-chemical properties, complexation yield and drug loading. Then complexes were used to prepare inserts as vaginal dosage forms and their physical handling, morphology, water-uptake ability and drug release properties as well as antimicrobial activity toward Candida albicans and Escherichia coli were evaluated. Results confirmed the ionic interaction between chitosan and carboxymethylcellulose and the influence of the charge amount on the complexation yield. Complexes were characterized by high values of drug loading and showed increasing water-uptake ability with the increase of carboxymethylcellulose amount. The selection of appropriate chitosan/carboxymethylcellulose molar ratios allowed to obtain cone-like shaped solid inserts, easy to handle and able to hydrate releasing the drug over time. Finally, the formulated inserts showed antimicrobial activity against common pathogens responsible for vaginal infections. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Xanthan/chitosan gold chip for metal enhanced protein biomarker detection.

PubMed

Domnanich, Patrick; Peña, Dacimoneida Brito; Preininger, Claudia

2011-01-15

Protein microarrays for disease diagnostics are required to accurately quantify analytes in the low pg/mL range. This task is hampered by weak signal strengths and too low detector sensitivity. Herein we present reflective gold chips coated with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) for signal enhancement in immunoassays for melanoma-relevant biomarkers. Among tested (semi)natural polysaccharides (xanthan, chitosan, carboxymethylcellulose, hyaluronic acid) PEMs composed of xanthan and chitosan performed best in terms of detection of low analyte concentrations (ED10), spot morphology, fluorescence background and variability (<10%). Fluorescence signals on gold slides with a 75 nm coating of seven crosslinked polyelectrolyte double layers were up to 50 times higher than on bare glass slides. In comparison to commercial substrates the signal to noise ratio is enhanced by up to factor 11. Furthermore sandwich assays for interleukins 6, 8, 10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A) and S100B show working ranges which cover significantly lower concentrations (up to 38-fold). Not limited to above assays the presented substrates, which combine a biocompatible interface with metal-based signal amplification, are a valuable tool in a variety of biosensor applications. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interaction of Sodium Hyaluronate with a Biocompatible Cationic Surfactant from Lysine: A Binding Study.

PubMed

Bračič, Matej; Hansson, Per; Pérez, Lourdes; Zemljič, Lidija F; Kogej, Ksenija

2015-11-10

Mixtures of natural and biodegradable surfactants and ionic polysaccharides have attracted considerable research interest in recent years because they prosper as antimicrobial materials for medical applications. In the present work, interactions between the lysine-derived biocompatible cationic surfactant N(ε)-myristoyl-lysine methyl ester, abbreviated as MKM, and the sodium salt of hyaluronic acid (NaHA) are investigated in aqueous media by potentiometric titrations using the surfactant-sensitive electrode and pyrene-based fluorescence spectroscopy. The critical micelle concentration in pure surfactant solutions and the critical association concentration in the presence of NaHA are determined based on their dependence on the added electrolyte (NaCl) concentration. The equilibrium between the protonated (charged) and deprotonated (neutral) forms of MKM is proposed to explain the anomalous binding isotherms observed in the presence of the polyelectrolyte. The explanation is supported by theoretical model calculations of the mixed-micelle equilibrium and the competitive binding of the two MKM forms to the surface of the electrode membrane. It is suggested that the presence of even small amounts of the deprotonated form can strongly influence the measured electrode response. Such ionic-nonionic surfactant mixtures are a special case of mixed surfactant systems where the amount of the nonionic component cannot be varied independently as was the case for some of the earlier studies.

Accurate, safe, and rapid method of intraoperative tumor identification for totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy: injection of mixed fluid of sodium hyaluronate and patent blue.

PubMed

Nakagawa, Masatoshi; Ehara, Kazuhisa; Ueno, Masaki; Tanaka, Tsuyoshi; Kaida, Sachiko; Udagawa, Harushi

2014-04-01

In totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, determining the resection line with safe proximal margins is often difficult, particularly for tumors located in a relatively upper area. This is because, in contrast to open surgery, identifying lesions by palpating or opening the stomach is essentially impossible. This study introduces a useful method of tumor identification that is accurate, safe, and rapid. On the operation day, after inducing general anesthesia, a mixture of sodium hyaluronate and patent blue is injected into the submucosal layer of the proximal margin. When resecting stomach, all marker spots should be on the resected side. In all cases, the proximal margin is examined histologically by using frozen sections during the operation. From October 2009 to September 2011, a prospective study that evaluated this method was performed. A total of 34 patients who underwent totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy were enrolled in this study. Approximately 5 min was required to complete the procedure. Proximal margins were negative in all cases, and the mean ± standard deviation length of the proximal margin was 23.5 ± 12.8 mm. No side effects, such as allergy, were encountered. As a method of tumor identification for totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy, this procedure appears accurate, safe, and rapid.

Hyaluronic acid increases tendon derived cell viability and collagen type I expression in vitro: Comparative study of four different Hyaluronic acid preparations by molecular weight.

PubMed

Osti, Leonardo; Berardocco, Martina; di Giacomo, Viviana; Di Bernardo, Graziella; Oliva, Francesco; Berardi, Anna C

2015-10-06

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) has been already approved by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for osteoarthritis (OA), while its use in the treatment of tendinopathy is still debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate in human rotator cuff tendon derived cells the effects of four different HA on cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and the expression of collagen type I and collagen type III. An in vitro model was developed on human tendon derived cells from rotator cuff tears to study the effects of four different HA preparations (Ps) (sodium hyaluronate MW: 500-730 KDa - Hyalgan®, 1000 kDa Artrosulfur HA®, 1600 KDa Hyalubrix® and 2200 KDa Synolis-VA®) at various concentrations. Tendon derived cells morphology were evaluated after 0, 7 and 14 d of culture. Viability, proliferation, apoptosis were evaluated after 0, 24 and 48 h of culture. The expression and deposition of collagen type I and collagen type III were evaluated after 1, 7 and 14 d of culture. All HAPs tested increased viability and proliferation, in dose dependent manner. HAPs already reduce apoptosis at 24 h compared to control cells (without HAPs). Furthermore, HAPs stimulated the synthesis of collagen type I in a dose dependent fashion over 14 d, without increase in collagen type III; moreover, in the presence of Synolis-VA® the expression and deposition of collagen type I was significantly higher as compare with the other HAPs. HAPs enhanced viability, proliferation and expression of collagen type I in tendon derived cells.

Passively mode-locking induced by gold nanorods in erbium-doped fiber lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Zhe; Xu, Yang; Zhang, Lei; Jia, Zhixu; Liu, Lai; Zhao, Dan; Feng, Yan; Qin, Guanshi; Qin, Weiping

2013-07-01

We demonstrated a passively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser by using gold nanorods as a saturable absorber. The gold nanorods (GNRs) were mixed with sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to form GNRs-NaCMC films. By inserting one of the GNRs-NaCMC films into an EDFL cavity pumped by a 980 nm laser diode, stable passively mode-locking was achieved with a threshold pump power of ˜54 mW, and 12 ps pulses at 1561 nm with a repetition rate of 34.7 MHz and a maximum average power of ˜2.05 mW were obtained for a pump power of ˜62 mW.

Evaluation of treatment with carboxymethylcellulose on chronic venous ulcers*

PubMed Central

Januário, Virginia; de Ávila, Dione Augusto; Penetra, Maria Alice; Sampaio, Ana Luisa Bittencourt; Noronha Neta, Maria Isabel; Cassia, Flavia de Freire; Carneiro, Sueli

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Among the chronic leg ulcers, venous ulcers are the most common and constitute a major burden to public health. Despite all technology available, some patients do not respond to established treatments. In our study, carboxymethylcellulose was tested in the treatment of refractory chronic venous ulcers. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of carboxymethylcellulose 20% on the healing of chronic venous ulcers refractory to conventional treatments. METHODS: This is an analytical, pre-experimental study. Thirty patients were included with refractory venous ulcers, and applied dressings with carboxymethylcellulose 20% for 20 weeks. The analysis was based on measurement of the area of ulcers, performed at the first visit and after the end of the treatment. RESULTS: There was a reduction of 3.9 cm2 of lesion area (p=0.0001), corresponding to 38.8% (p=0.0001). There was no interruption of treatment and no increase in lesion area in any patient. CONCLUSIONS: Carboxymethylcellulose 20% represents a low cost and effective therapeutic alternative for the treatment of refractory chronic venous ulcers. However, controlled studies are necessary to prove its efficacy. PMID:26982773

Putty-like bone fillers based on CaP ceramics or Biosilicate® combined with carboxymethylcellulose: Characterization, optimization, and evaluation.

PubMed

Gabbai-Armelin, Paulo R; Renno, Ana Cm; Crovace, Murilo C; Magri, Angela Mp; Zanotto, Edgar D; Peitl, Oscar; Leeuwenburgh, Sander Cg; Jansen, John A; van den Beucken, Jeroen Jjp

2017-08-01

Calcium phosphates and bioactive glass ceramics have been considered promising biomaterials for use in surgeries. However, their moldability should be further enhanced. We here thereby report the handling, physicochemical features, and morphological characteristics of formulations consisting of carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol and hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate or Biosilicate® particles. We hypothesized that combining either material with carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol would improve handling properties, retaining their bioactivity. In addition to scanning electron microscopy, cohesion, mineralization, pH, and viscoelastic properties of the novel formulations, cell culture experiments were performed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and cell proliferation. Putty-like formulations were obtained with improved cohesion and moldability. Remarkably, mineralization in simulated body fluid of hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate/carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol formulations was enhanced compared to pure hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate. Cell experiments showed that all formulations were noncytotoxic and that HA-TCP60 and BGC50 extracts led to an increased cell proliferation. We conclude that combining carboxymethylcellulose-glycerol with either hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate or Biosilicate® allows for the generation of moldable putties, improves handling properties, and retains the ceramic bioactivity.

Impact of polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl-guar and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate on postoperative discomfort following cataract extraction surgery: a comparative study.

PubMed

Labiris, Georgios; Ntonti, Panagiota; Sideroudi, Haris; Kozobolis, Vassilios

2017-01-01

Universal postoperative guidelines for cataract extraction surgery are yet to be introduced. Artificial tears are gaining popularity as an additional integral component of the postoperative regime. The primary objective of this study was to explore the impact of two prevalent artificial tear preparations on postoperative discomfort following cataract extraction surgery. A total of 180 patients that underwent cataract extraction surgery were randomly divided into three groups according to their postoperative regime: a) Study group 1 (SG1) received a fixed combination of tobramycin and dexamethasone (FCTD) quid for 3 weeks and, additionally polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl-guar quid, for 6 weeks, b) Study group 2 (SG2) received FCTD quid for 3 weeks and, additionally 0.1% sodium hyaluronate provided in the COMOD® device quid, for 6 weeks, and, c) Control Group (CG) received only FCTD quid for 3 weeks. The following indexes were evaluated at three postoperative checkpoints: 1) Subjective discomfort index (SDI) derived from four direct 10-scale Likert-type questions that were addressed to the patient and pertained to: a) foreign body sensation (FBS), b) blinking discomfort (BD), c) stinging sensation (SS), d) tearing sensation (TS), 2) Tear break-up time (TBUT), 3) Central corneal thickness (CCT) and, 4) Central Corneal Sensitivity (CCS). Both groups showed increased CCT values at the first examination point and reduced CCS values at all examination points. Furthermore, both SGs had better TBUT times at all examination points compared to CG (CG: 8.86 ± 1.08, SG1: 9.59 ± 1.45, CG2: 9.45 ± 1.33, p  < 0.05). BD was significantly better in both SGs only at the 1 st week of examination, while SDI values were better until the 3 rd week and only borderline better at 6 th week. Lastly, no significant differences were detected between SGs, regarding all parameters, at all examination points. Polyethylene glycol 400/propylene glycol/hydroxypropyl-guar and 0.1% sodium hyaluronate provided in the COMOD® device seem to be equally efficient in alleviating OSD symptoms following cataract extraction surgery and any of them should be routinely added to the postoperative regime. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02558218NCT02558218.

Bioengineered II-VI semiconductor quantum dot-carboxymethylcellulose nanoconjugates as multifunctional fluorescent nanoprobes for bioimaging live cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mansur, Alexandra A. P.; Mansur, Herman S.; Mansur, Rafael L.; de Carvalho, Fernanda G.; Carvalho, Sandhra M.

2018-01-01

Colloidal semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are light-emitting ultra-small nanoparticles, which have emerged as a new class of nanoprobes with unique optical properties for bioimaging and biomedical diagnostic. However, to be used for most biomedical applications the biocompatibility and water-solubility are mandatory that can achieved through surface modification forming QD-nanoconjugates. In this study, semiconductor II-VI quantum dots of type MX (M = Cd, Pb, Zn, X = S) were directly synthesized in aqueous media and at room temperature using carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC) behaving simultaneously as stabilizing and surface biofunctional ligand. These nanoconjugates were extensively characterized using UV-visible spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential. The results demonstrated that the biopolymer was effective on nucleating and stabilizing the colloidal nanocrystals of CdS, ZnS, and PbS with the average diameter ranging from 2.0 to 5.0 nm depending on the composition of the semiconductor core, which showed quantum-size confinement effect. These QD/polysaccharide conjugates showed luminescent activity from UV-visible to near-infrared range of the spectra under violet laser excitation. Moreover, the bioassays performed proved that these novel nanoconjugates were biocompatible and behaved as composition-dependent fluorescent nanoprobes for in vitro live cell bioimaging with very promising perspectives to be used in numerous biomedical applications and nanomedicine.

Genotoxicity, acute and subchronic toxicity studies in rats of a rooster comb extract rich in sodium hyaluronate.

PubMed

Canut, Lourdes; Zapatero, Jorge; López, Sílvia; Torrent, Anna; Ruhí, Ramon; Vicente, Laura

2012-04-01

The toxicity of a rooster comb extract (IB0004) that contains mainly sodium hyaluronate was assessed in acute and subchronic studies and in a bacterial reverse mutation assay. In a single dose acute study, male and female rats were administered 2000 mg/kg body weight (bw) of the product and observed for 14 days. No mortality was recorded, thus it was considered that the minimum lethal dose for rats by oral route was greater than 2000 mg/kg bw. A 90-day subchronic study (5, 55 and 600 mg/kg bw/day, oral gavage) with 50 male and 50 female Wistar-Hannover rats produced no significant adverse effects on food consumption, body weight, mortality, clinical biochemistry, hematology, gross pathology, and histopathology. Although some differences were observed between the treated and control animals in body weight gain (%) and some hematological parameters, these changes were generally minor in nature and, are considered to be of no toxicological significance. The no-observable-adverse-effects level was established at 600 mg/kg bw/day. There was no evidence of mutagenic activity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TA100, TA1535 and TA1537 or in Escherichia coli WP2 uvra pkM101. In conclusion, the results from these safety studies support the safety of rooster comb extract IB0004 in food. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Impact of Topically Administered Steroids, Antibiotics, and Sodium Hyaluronate on Bleb-Related Infection Onset: The Japan Glaucoma Society Survey of Bleb-Related Infection Report 4

PubMed Central

Yamamoto, Tetsuya; Imaizumi, Kimihiro; Sekiryu, Tetsuju

2017-01-01

Purpose To investigate the impact of topically administered ophthalmic medications on the onset and severity of bleb-related infections. Methods Data obtained from 104 eyes of 104 patients with bleb-related infections were analyzed. We assigned an infection stage to each eye (stage 1–4) and analyzed the onset severity. Results Steroids and antibiotics were routinely administered to 13 (12.5%) and 42 (40.4%) eyes, respectively. The median stage of steroid-administered eyes was 3 versus 1 for eyes without steroid administration (P = 0.012). The median duration from surgery to infection for the steroid-administered eyes was 2.0 years versus 5.8 years for eyes without steroid administration (P = 0.030). The median duration from surgery to infection for the antibiotic-administered eyes was 6.4 years versus 3.9 years for eyes without antibiotic administration (P = 0.025). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that infections were severe in the steroid-administered eyes (odds ratio: 4.57). No infections developed within 16 weeks postoperatively. No relationship was detected between sodium hyaluronate and the analyzed factors. Conclusions Topical steroid administration beyond the immediate postoperative period may affect severe and earlier onset bleb-related infections. Conversely, topical antibiotic administration may be effective in suppressing earlier onset bleb-related infections. PMID:29138694

Diclofenac Sodium 3% in Hyaluronic Acid 2.5% Gel Significantly Diminishes the Actinic Keratosis Area and Severity Index.

PubMed

Schmitz, Lutz; Gupta, Girish; Segert, Marc Hanno; Kost, Ricarda; Sternberg, Julia; Gambichler, Thilo; Stockfleth, Eggert; Dirschka, Thomas

2018-05-23

Actinic keratosis area and severity index (AKASI) is a new assessment tool to quantify the severity of actinic damage on the head. Thus far, it has not been evaluated in monitoring the efficacy of field-directed topical treatments in actinic keratosis (AK) in routine clinical practice. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine treatment outcomes by using AKASI 3 months after the initiation of topical application of diclofenac sodium 3% in hyaluronic acid 2.5% gel (DFS) in patients with AKs on the head. We performed a retrospective analysis of patients with AKs who had AKASI scores prior to and after treatment with DFS. Of the 24 patients included, 20 (83.3%) showed an improvement in AKASI, 2 (8.3%) a stable AKASI, and 2 (8.3%) a worsening of AKASI after a median (interquartile range) follow-up period of 91.5 days (89.8-104.3). The median AKASI reduction was 31.4% (16.7-59.1). The Wilcoxon test showed significant differences (p = 0.0008) between baseline and posttreatment AKASI values. AKASI is an easy-to-use quantitative tool for assessing the treatment outcome of field-directed therapies. Field-directed therapies of AK should no longer be monitored by assessments based on lesion counts alone. © 2018 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Effects of one-time and two-time intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid sodium salt after joint surgery in dogs

PubMed Central

Boonsri, Burin; Sripratak, Thatdanai; Markmee, Patsanan

2013-01-01

Thirty-one dogs with patellar luxation (grades 2 and 3) were categorized into three groups. Group 1 (G.1; n = 12) had sodium hyaluronate (SHA) intra-articularly injected into the stifle joint that received surgery. Group 2 (G.2; n = 10) received SHA twice: first after surgery and then 1 week later. Group 3 (G.3; n = 9) served as a control, without injection. Blood was collected before injection and then once a week for 4 weeks after injection for evaluation of chondroitin sulfate (CS-WF6) and hyaluronan (HA). The results revealed significantly (p < 0.05) improved clinical scores by the end of week 4 in G.1 and G.2 relative to G.3; however, there was no significant difference between G.1 and G.2. There was a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in serum CS-WF6 levels beginning at week 2 in G.1 and G.2. At weeks 3 and 4, serum HA in G.1 and G.2 differed from that in G.3 (p < 0.05). No significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed in serum biomarkers between G.1 and G.2. In conclusion, intra-articular injection with SHA after joint surgery may improve homeostasis of the joint, retarding the process of OA. PMID:23814475

Prognostic indicators of the outcome of arthrocentesis with and without sodium hyaluronate injection for the treatment of disc displacement without reduction: a magnetic resonance imaging study.

PubMed

Aktas, I; Yalcin, S; Sencer, S

2010-11-01

This study analysed the prognostic factors for successful arthrocentesis with and without sodium hyaluronate (SH) injection for the treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement without reduction (DDwoR) using clinical and radiological results. 29 TMJs in 25 patients with DDwoR were included. Patients were treated with arthrocentesis or arthrocentesis followed by intra-articular (i.a.) injection of SH. Treatment was evaluated for postoperative range of maximum mouth opening and the degree of postoperative pain on a VAS. Prognostic factors analysed were age, sex, duration of locking, trauma history, previous TMJ treatment, depression, bruxism, malocclusion and missing teeth. Degenerative changes were evaluated as probable prognostic factors. After treatment, 24 joints (83%) fulfilled the criteria for success. Duration of locking and present preoperative degenerative changes were the most significant factors for treatment outcome. The results suggest it is sufficient to use only arthrocentesis in patients without preoperative degenerative changes and arthrocentesis with SH in patients with degenerative changes on their preoperative MRIs, but because there were some significant differences between the two groups preventing the authors from comparing them statistically, they cannot come to that conclusion. To clarify the use of SH in such cases, standardized study groups are necessary for future studies. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ultrasound-guided subacromial injections of sodium hyaluronate for the management of rotator cuff tendinopathy: a prospective comparative study with rehabilitation therapy.

PubMed

Merolla, G; Bianchi, P; Porcellini, G

2013-06-01

Rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy is a common cause of pain and shoulder dysfunction. The literature evidence suggests that a combination of overuse and extrinsic compression may induce chronic RC tendinopathy. Aim of the current study was to compare the results of subacromial sodium hyaluronate injections with rehabilitation therapy. We enrolled 48 patients (M/F: 26/22; mean age: 50 years; shoulder right/left: 29/19) with persistent shoulder pain for at least 4 months. Exclusion criteria were as follows: RC tear, calcifying tendinitis, glenohumeral instability, osteoarthritis, rheumatic diseases, physical therapy and/or injection in the previous 4 months, shoulder surgery, anesthetic nerve block, trauma, and severe medical diseases. The included subjects received either two ultrasound-guided subacromial hyaluronic acid (HA) injections (25 patients, HA group) at baseline and 14 days, or underwent rehabilitation therapy (23 patients, Physio group) including active shoulder mobilization, soft tissue stretching and humeral head positioner and propeller muscles strengthening for 30 days (3 sessions every week). Clinical assessment of shoulder function was performed with visual analog scale score for pain (0-100), Oxford Shoulder Score (OSS), and Constant-Murley Score (CS). Overall, patients were examined at baseline, week 2, week 4, week 12, and week 24. Statistical significance was set at 5 % (p < 0.05). Reduction in overall pain in the HA group was statistically significant at week 2 (p < 0.05) week 4 (p < 0.05), week 12 comparing to baseline. Similarly, pain subscores (at night and with activity) were significantly lower at week 2 (p < 0.05), week 4 (p < 0.05), and week 12 (p < 0.05), respectively. In the Physio group, pain decreased significantly at week 2 (p < 0.05) but not maintained at week 4 (p > 0.05), week 12 (p > 0.05), and week 24 (p > 0.05). CS and OSS in the HA group increased significantly at week 2 (p < 0.05), week 4 (p < 0.05), and week 12 (p < 0.05). A non-statistically significant increase in clinical scores was found at week 24 (p > 0.05). A significant improvement of CS and OSS we found in the Physio group at week 2 (p < 0.05), but not at weeks 4, 12, and 24 (p > 0.05). Subacromial HA injections could be an effective and safe alternative treatment for patients suffering from RC tendinopathy. We believe that the results of this study are encouraging but not lasting and we might suppose that a series of three to four subacromial sodium hyaluronate injections could provide good mid- and long-term clinical benefits.

Biomimetic synthesis of needle-like fluorescent calcium phosphate/carbon dot hybrid composites for cell labeling and copper ion detection.

PubMed

Guo, Shanshan; Lu, Shousi; Xu, Pingxiang; Ma, Yi; Zhao, Liang; Zhao, Yuming; Gu, Wei; Xue, Ming

2016-05-04

Herein, we report a biomimetic method to synthesize needle-like calcium phosphate (CaP) with dimensions of ∼130 nm length and ∼30 nm width using carbon dots (CDs) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose as dual templates. In addition to acting as the template, the CDs enable the CaP/CDs hybrid composites to emit blue fluorescence under UV excitation. Moreover, the prepared CaP/CDs exhibited a negligible cytotoxicity towards HeLa cells. The potential of these CaP/CDs as a fluorescent probe for cell labeling was tested. In addition, it was demonstrated that the CaP/CDs were capable of selective detection of copper ions in drinking water.

Gene delivery through the use of a hyaluronate-associated intracellularly degradable cross-linked polyethyleneimine

PubMed Central

Xu, Peisheng; Quick, Griffin; Yeo, Yoon

2009-01-01

For a non-viral gene delivery system to be clinically effective, it should be non-toxic, compatible with biological components, and highly efficient in gene transfection. With this goal in mind, we investigated the gene delivery efficiency of a ternary complex consisting of DNA, an intracellularly degradable polycation, and sodium hyaluronate (DPH complex). Here, we report that the DPH ternary complex achieved significantly higher transfection efficiency than other polymer systems, especially in the presence of serum. The high transfection efficiency and serum tolerance of DPH are attributed to a unique interplay between CLPEI and HA, which leads to (i) the improved stability of DNA in the extracellular environment and at the early stage of intracellular trafficking and (ii) timely dissociation of the DNA-polymer complex. This study reinforces findings of earlier studies that emphasized each step as a bottleneck for efficient gene delivery; yet, it is the first to show that it is possible to overcome these obstacles simultaneously by taking advantage of two distinctive approaches. PMID:19631979

Binding of the water of primary hydration to the sodium and cesium salts of deoxyribonucleic acid and potassium hyaluronate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whitson, K. B.; Lukan, A. M.; Marlowe, R. L.; Lee, S. A.; Anthony, L.; Rupprecht, A.

1998-08-01

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been used to evaluate the average enthalpy of desorption of the water of primary hydration bound to wet-spun films of potassium hyaluronate (KHA) and CsDNA. The enthalpies were measured to be 0.24+/-0.08 eV/H2O molecule for KHA and 0.32+/-0.10 eV/H2O molecule for CsDNA. A Kissinger analysis was used to extract the net activation energy (0.61+/-0.04 eV) for the desorption of this water from KHA by analyzing DSC data acquired at different heating rates. The average effective force constants at 295 K of this water bound to KHA (63+/-3 μdyn/Å) and NaDNA (17+/-4 μdyn/Å) are determined from Rayleigh scattering of Mossbauer radiation data [G. Albanese, A. Deriu, F. Cavatorta, and A. Rupprecht, Hyperfine Interact. 95, 97 (1995)] via a harmonic approximation.

An injectable oxidated hyaluronic acid/adipic acid dihydrazide hydrogel as a vitreous substitute.

PubMed

Su, Wen-Yu; Chen, Ko-Hua; Chen, Yu-Chun; Lee, Yen-Hsien; Tseng, Ching-Li; Lin, Feng-Huei

2011-01-01

Vitrectomy is a common procedure for treating ocular-related diseases. The surgery involves removing the vitreous humor from the center of the eye, and vitreous substitutes are needed to replace the vitreous humor after vitrectomy. In the present study, we developed a colorless, transparent and injectable hydrogel with appropriate refractive index as a vitreous substitute. The hydrogel is formed by oxidated hyaluronic acid (oxi-HA) cross-linked with adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH). Hyaluronic acid (HA) was oxidized by sodium periodate to create aldehyde functional groups, which could be cross-linked by ADH. The refractive index of this hydrogel ranged between 1.3420 and 1.3442, which is quite similar to human vitreous humor (1.3345). The degradation tests demonstrated that the hydrogel could maintain the gel matrix over 35 days, depending on the ADH concentration. In addition, the cytotoxicity was evaluated on retina pigmented epithelium (RPE) cells cultivated following the ISO standard (tests for in vitro cytotoxicity), and the hydrogel was found to be non-toxic. In a preliminary animal study, the oxi-HA/ADH hydrogel was injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes. The evaluations of slit-lamp observation, intraocular pressure, cornea thickness and histological examination showed no significant abnormal biological reactions for 3 weeks. This study suggests that the injectable oxi-HA/ADH hydrogel should be a potential vitreous substitute. Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2011

75 FR 57815 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, Mexico, Netherlands, and Sweden

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigations Nos. 731-TA-1084-1087 (Review)] Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, Mexico, Netherlands, and Sweden AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Scheduling of full five-year reviews concerning the antidumping duty orders on purified...

76 FR 3159 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, Mexico, Netherlands, and Sweden

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-19

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 731-TA-1084-1087 (Review)] Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, Mexico, Netherlands, and Sweden AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Revised schedule for the subject reviews. DATES: Effective Date: January 7, 2011. FOR FURTHER...

Diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 %: a review of its use in dry eye.

PubMed

Keating, Gillian M

2015-05-01

Diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % (Diquas(®)) is a P2Y2 receptor agonist that promotes tear fluid and mucin secretion and is currently approved in Japan and South Korea for the treatment of dry eye. In randomized, double-blind, multicentre trials in patients with dry eye, significantly greater improvements in fluorescein and rose bengal staining scores were seen with diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % than with placebo, and diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % was noninferior to sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution 0.1 % in terms of the improvement in the fluorescein staining score and more effective than sodium hyaluronate ophthalmic solution 0.1 % in terms of the improvement in the rose bengal staining score. The efficacy of diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % in the treatment of dry eye was maintained in the longer term, with improvements also seen in subjective dry eye symptoms, and was also shown in a real-world setting. Diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % also demonstrated efficacy in various specific dry eye disorders, including aqueous-deficient dry eye, short tear film break-up time dry eye, obstructive meibomian gland dysfunction, dry eye following laser in situ keratomileusis surgery and dry eye following cataract surgery, as well as in contact lens wearers and visual display terminal users. Diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % was generally well tolerated in patients with dry eye, with eye irritation the most commonly reported adverse event. In conclusion, diquafosol ophthalmic solution 3 % is a useful option for the treatment of dry eye.

Microincision, aspiration cutter-assisted multifocal iris biopsy for melanoma.

PubMed

Finger, Paul T; Milman, Tatyana

2017-01-19

To describe a minimally invasive method to create multifocal full-thickness surgical iridectomy biopsies. Seven patients suspected to have diffuse iris melanoma underwent multifocal surgical iridectomy biopsy through a single 1.0-mm clear corneal incision. A 25-G inked trocar was used to create one visible corneal portal, through which the anterior chamber was filled with sodium hyaluronate 1%. Then, a 25-G aspiration cutter probe was introduced through the corneal incision such that the aspiration portal was occluded by the iris biopsy sites. Then aspiration (600 mm Hg) cutting (300 cuts per minute) was used to create full- and partial-thickness surgical iridectomy biopsies at multiple locations. After each biopsy the probe was removed, and its contents aspirated into a separate 3-mL syringe (marked by clock hour location). The sodium hyaluronate 1% was removed and wound checked for leakage. Diagnostic specimens were obtained in all cases. Five were found to be diffuse iris melanomas and 2 were indeterminate iris melanocytic proliferations. No patients developed a secondary increase in intraocular pressure, hyphema, infection, cataract, or vision loss. No cases of intraocular tumor dissemination were observed. No patient complained of glare or monocular diplopia. Three of 7 corneal wounds were self-sealing. Multifocal surgical iridectomy biopsy can be minimally invasive and effective allowing for partial- and full-thickness iris biopsy. Use of a 25-G aspiration cutting probe allowed for small incision surgery, rapid rehabilitation, and no significant complications.

Engineered sodium hyaluronate respirable dry powders for pulmonary drug delivery.

PubMed

Martinelli, Francesco; Balducci, Anna Giulia; Kumar, Abhinav; Sonvico, Fabio; Forbes, Ben; Bettini, Ruggero; Buttini, Francesca

2017-01-30

Sodium hyaluronate (HYA) warrants attention as a material for inhalation due to its (i) therapeutic potential, (ii) utility as a formulation excipient or drug carrier, and (iii) ability to target lung inflammation and cancer. This study aimed to overcome formulation and manufacturing impediments to engineer biocompatible spray-dried HYA powders for inhalation. Novel methodology was developed to produce HYA microparticles by spray drying. Different types of surfactant were included in the formulation to improve powder respirability, which was evaluated in vitro using cascade impactors. The individual formulation components and formulated products were evaluated for their biocompatibility with A549 respiratory epithelial cells. The inclusion of stearyl surfactants, 5% w/v, produced the most respirable HYA-powders; FPF 59.0-66.3%. A trend to marginally higher respirability was observed for powders containing stearylamine>stearyl alcohol>cetostearyl alcohol. Pure HYA was biocompatible with A549 cells at all concentrations measured, but the biocompatibility of the stearyl surfactants (based on lethal concentration 50%; LC 50 ) in the MTT assay ranked stearyl alcohol>cetostearyl alcohol>stearylamine with LC 50 of 24.7, 13.2 and 1.8μg/mL, respectively. We report the first respirable HYA powders produced by spray-drying. A lead formulation containing 5% stearyl alcohol was identified for further studies aimed at translating the proposed benefits of inhaled HYA into safe and clinically effective HYA products. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization and in vitro evaluation of freeze-dried microparticles composed of granisetron-cyclodextrin complex and carboxymethylcellulose for intranasal delivery.

PubMed

Cho, Hyun-Jong; Balakrishnan, Prabagar; Shim, Won-Sik; Chung, Suk-Jae; Shim, Chang-Koo; Kim, Dae-Duk

2010-11-15

The aim of this study was to prepare microparticles (MPs) of granisetron (GRN) in combination with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC-Na) by the simple freeze-drying method for intranasal delivery. The composition of MPs was determined from the phase-solubility study of GRN in various CDs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies were performed to evaluate possible interactions between GRN and excipients. The results indicated the formation of inclusion complex between GRN and CD, and the conversion of drug into amorphous state. The in vitro release of GRN from MPs was determined in phosphate buffered saline (pH 6.4) at 37°C. Cytotoxicity of the MPs and in vitro permeation study were conducted by using primary human nasal epithelial (HNE) cells and their monolayer system cultured by air-liquid interface (ALI) method, respectively. The MPs showed significantly higher GRN release profile compared to pure GRN. Moreover, the prepared MPs showed significantly lower cytotoxicity and higher permeation profile than that of GRN powder (p<0.05). These results suggested that the MPs composed of GRN, HP-β-CD and CMC-Na represent a simple and new GRN intranasal delivery system as an alternative to the oral and intravenous administration of GRN. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of the effects of sodium hyaluronate-chondroitin sulphate and corticosteroid in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis: a prospective randomized trial.

PubMed

Tosun, Haci Bayram; Gumustas, Seyitali; Agir, Ismail; Uludag, Abuzer; Serbest, Sancar; Pepele, Demet; Ertem, Kadir

2015-09-01

Hyaluronic acid and glycosaminoglycans have shown positive effects in improving lateral epicondylitis and other tendinosis conditions. Therefore, we designed a prospective, randomized study to compare the effects of a combined sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate (HA + CS) injection versus a triamcinolone injection in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis. In total, 57 consecutive patients with clinically diagnosed lateral epicondylitis were divided randomly into two groups. In the HA + CS group, 25 patients received a single injection of a solution containing an HA + CS combination and prilocaine HCl, while the 32 patients in the triamcinolone group received a single injection of a solution of triamcinolone and prilocaine HCl. We evaluated the pain and function outcome measures using the Patient-Rated Tennis Elbow Evaluation (PRTEE) questionnaire at the beginning of the study, and 3 and 6 months after the injection. Additionally, the Minimum Clinically Important Difference values and percentage changes in the PRTEE subscale scores between the assessments were calculated. No serious adverse events were reported throughout the study. The mean pain and function scores for the HA + CS and triamcinolone groups had significantly improved at 3 months, but the mean function scores in the HA + CS group were statistically significantly better when compared to the triamcinolone group. At 6 months, both groups had significantly improved mean pain and function scores, compared to the baseline scores; however, the mean pain and function scores in the 6-month HA + CS treatment group were better than in the 6-month triamcinolone group. The relative change for the mean total score in the HA + CS group was much better when compared with the triamcinolone group, and the HA + CS treatment group showed clinically significant improvement when compared with triamcinolone group at 3 and 6 months. This study supports the idea that for a single injection treatment of patients with lateral epicondylitis, a combination injection of HA + CS may offer better pain benefits for 6 months after injection, when compared to triamcinolone. Level II, Randomized Clinical Trial, Prospective Comparative Study.

76 FR 36519 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose from the Netherlands; Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-22

... Carboxymethylcellulose from the Netherlands; Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... Chemicals B.V. were made at less than normal value during the period of review. If these preliminary results are adopted in our final results of administrative review, we will issue appropriate assessment...

Eco-friendly Synthesis of Ceria Foam via Carboxymethylcellulose Gelation: Application for the Epoxidation of Chalcone

EPA Science Inventory

A simple and innovative process is described for the eco-friendly preparation of ceria foams via the carboxymethylcellulose gelation by Ce4+ cations; heat treatment of the ensuing xerogels produces ceria foams. The influence of the concentration of cerium and of the calcination t...

76 FR 66687 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From the Netherlands: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... antidumping duty administrative review of purified carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) from the Netherlands, covering...) (Preliminary Results). The merchandise covered by the order is purified CMC, as described in the ``Scope of the... duty order on purified CMC from the Netherlands. See Preliminary Results. The respondent under review...

76 FR 27663 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, Mexico, Netherlands and Sweden

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-12

... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1084-1087 (Review) Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland, Mexico, Netherlands and Sweden Determinations On the basis of the record \\1...: Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1084-1087(Review). By order of the Commission. Issued: May 9, 2011. James R. Holbein...

Permeation enhancement via thiolation: in vitro and ex vivo evaluation of hyaluronic acid-cysteine ethyl ester.

PubMed

Laffleur, Flavia; Psenner, Julia; Suchaoin, Wongsakorn

2015-07-01

It was the aim of this study to evaluate the permeation-enhancing effect of synthesized thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA). HA, a naturally found polysaccharide, was chemically modified with l-cysteine ethyl ether (C) via amide bond formation. In vitro permeation enhancement was tested on Caco-2 cells with two compounds, sulforhodamine (SR) and fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (FD4). Cytotoxicity assays as lactate dehydrogenase and thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) were performed on colon carcinoma cell line. Transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) measurements were conducted. Ex vivo evaluation was accomplished on rat intestinal mucosa in order to predict the permeation enhancing effect with SR, sodium fluorescein (SF), and FD4, respectively. The MTT as well as lactate dehydrogenase revealed no toxicity over time periods of 3 and 12 h, respectively. The bioconjugate is biocompatible and safe to use. Furthermore, TEER measurements showed the integrity of tight junctions. The in vitro permeation studies on cell studies exhibit 1.28-fold enhancement for SR and 1.47-fold enhancement for FD4 with hyaluronic acid-cysteine ethyl ester (HAC) in comparison to unmodified one. The ex vivo transport studies exhibit 1.9-fold enhancement for SF, 1.31-fold enhancement for Rhodamine123, and 1.3-fold enhancement for FD4 with HAC in comparison to unmodified one, respectively. Thus, the promising results encourage further investigations and exploitation of this versatile polysaccharide. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association.

Tear film thickness after treatment with artificial tears in patients with moderate dry eye disease.

PubMed

Schmidl, Doreen; Schmetterer, Leopold; Witkowska, Katarzyna J; Unterhuber, Angelika; dos Santos, Valentin Aranha; Kaya, Semira; Nepp, Johannes; Baar, Carina; Rosner, Peter; Werkmeister, René M; Garhofer, Gerhard

2015-04-01

This study was designed to investigate the effect of a single-drop instillation of different lacrimal substitutes on tear film thickness (TFT) assessed with optical coherence tomography in patients with mild to moderate dry eye disease. The study was performed in a randomized, double-masked, controlled parallel group design. Patients received a single dose of either unpreserved trehalose 30 mg/mL and sodium hyaluronate 1.5 mg/mL (TH-SH, Thealoz Duo), unpreserved sodium hyaluronate, 0.15% (HA, Hyabak) or sodium chloride, 0.9% (NaCl, Hydrabak) eye drops. Sixty patients finished the study according to the protocol. TFT was measured with a custom-built ultrahigh-resolution Fourier domain optical coherence tomography system providing a resolution of 1.2 μm. The mean TFT before treatment was 2.5 ± 0.4 μm. Ten minutes after instillation, TFT significantly increased in the TH-SH group from 2.4 ± 0.4 to 3.1 ± 0.9 μm (P < 0.01) and in the HA group from 2.4 ± 0.3 to 2.9 ± 0.5 μm (P < 0.01), whereas no significant change was observed in the NaCl group (from 2.6 ± 0.4 to 2.7 ± 0.4 μm, P = 0.76). The increase in TFT remained statistically significant up to 240 minutes after administration of TH-SH. In contrast, the increase in TFT after administration of HA was only statistically significant at 10, 20, and 40 minutes after drop instillation. The findings of this study indicate that single instillation of TH-SH and HA eye drops increases TFT in patients with dry eye disease. The data also indicate longer corneal residence of the TH-containing eye drops. The effect of multiple instillation and long-term use of artificial tears on TFT warrants further investigation.

Self-assembled hyaluronic acid nanoparticles for controlled release of agrochemicals and diosgenin.

PubMed

Quiñones, Javier Pérez; Brüggemann, Oliver; Covas, Carlos Peniche; Ossipov, Dmitri A

2017-10-01

Commercial sodium hyaluronate (HA) and synthetic hydrazide-modified HA were functionalized with diosgenin and two agrochemicals (brassinosteroids DI31 and S7) with degree of substitution ranging from 5.6 to 13.1%. The HA-steroid conjugates were studied with FTIR, 1 H NMR and differential scanning calorimetry. Dynamic light scattering revealed self-assembly of the HA-steroid conjugates into stable negatively charged nanoparticles of around 159nm-441nm in water, which after drying appeared as 140nm-370nm spherically shaped nanoparticles according to transmission electron microscopy. These nanoparticles exhibited almost constant release rates of steroids for the first 8h, demonstrating sustained steroids delivery for 72h in acidic medium. The nanoparticles formed from HA-steroid conjugates were not cytotoxic to human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC), while the HA- brassinosteroid nanoparticles showed in vitro agrochemical activity that was superior to the activity observed for the parent brassinosteroids DI31 and S7 at 10 -5 to 10 -7 mgmL -1 . Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

"Click" on PLGA-PEG and hyaluronic acid: Gaining access to anti-leishmanial pentamidine bioconjugates.

PubMed

Scala, Angela; Piperno, Anna; Micale, Nicola; Mineo, Placido G; Abbadessa, Antonio; Risoluti, Roberta; Castelli, Germano; Bruno, Federica; Vitale, Fabrizio; Cascio, Antonio; Grassi, Giovanni

2017-12-08

Pentamidine (Pent), an antiparasitic drug used for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis, has been modified with terminal azide groups and conjugated to two different polymer backbones (PLGA-PEG [PP] copolymer and hyaluronic acid [HA]) armed with alkyne end-groups. The conjugation has been performed by Copper Catalyzed Azido Alkyne Cycloaddition (CuAAC) using CuSO 4 /sodium ascorbate as metal source. The novel PP-Pent and HA-Pent bioconjugates are proposed, respectively, as non-targeted and targeted drug delivery systems against Leishmania infections. Moreover, Pent has been encapsulated into PP nanoparticles by the oil-in-water emulsion method, with the aim to compare the biological activity of the bioconjugates with that of the classical drug-loaded delivery system that physically entraps the therapeutic agent. Biological assays against Leishmania infantum amastigote-infected macrophages and primary macrophages revealed that Pent, either covalently conjugated with polymers or loaded into polymeric nanoparticles, turned out to be more potent and less toxic than the free Pent. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Morphological changes of bladder mucosa in patients who underwent instillation with combined sodium hyaluronic acid-chondroitin sulphate (Ialuril®).

PubMed

Costantini, E; Lazzeri, M; Pistolesi, D; Del Zingaro, M; Frumenzio, E; Boni, A; Pietropaolo, A; Fragalà, E; Porena, M

2013-01-01

To investigate what changes are endoscopically evident after glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) therapy by hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulphate (CS) (Ialuril®) in female patients affected by bladder pain syndrome(BPS)/ interstitial cystitis (IC) or recurrent urinary tract infections (rUTIs). 21 female patients over 18 years affected by rUTIs or BPS/IC received intravesical instillation of HA and CS (4 weekly instillations followed by 2 instillations every 2 weeks and 2 instillation monthly). Post-treatment evaluation included cystoscopy and patient assessment of improvement in symptoms and satisfaction on a visual analogue scale (VAS) from 0 to 10. The post-treatment endoscopy showed a positive effect on bladder mucosa morphology. In 2 cases, treatment did not change endoscopic findings and clinical symptoms. In the other patients, when macroscopic features of the bladder mucosa normalized, the clinical picture improved. GAGs therapy by HA and CS (Ialuril) improves the morphology of bladder mucosa in patients with rUTI or BPS/IC. Copyright © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

76 FR 29191 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland and the Netherlands: Continuation of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-20

... antidumping duty orders on purified carboxymethylcellulose from Finland and the Netherlands would likely lead... Netherlands would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping and, therefore, notified the U.S... revocation of the antidumping duty orders on purified CMC from Finland and the Netherlands would likely lead...

75 FR 14422 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose from Mexico: Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-25

... Carboxymethylcellulose from Mexico: Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative... this administrative review is now April 9, 2010. Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results... the review within this time period, section 751(a)(3)(A) of the Tariff Act allows the Department to...

75 FR 39207 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative...: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 75 FR 3444... than July 7, 2010. Extension of Time Limits for Preliminary Results Section 751(a)(3)(A) of the Tariff...

75 FR 62100 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-07

... 15, 2010) (Preliminary Results). The review covers one producer/exporter, Quimica Amtex, S.A. de C.V... Carboxymethylcellulose from Mexico: Final Determination Analysis Memorandum for Quimica Amtex, S.A. de C.V.,'' dated... June 30, 2009, is as follows: Weighted- average Producer/exporter margin (percentage) Quimica Amtex, S...

The contribution of skin glycosaminoglycans to the regulation of sodium homeostasis in rats.

PubMed

Sugár, D; Agócs, R; Tatár, E; Tóth, G; Horváth, P; Sulyok, E; Szabó, A J

2017-08-07

The glycosaminoglycan (GAG) molecules are a group of high molecular weight, negatively charged polysaccharides present abundantly in the mammalian organism. By their virtue of ion and water binding capacity, they may affect the redistribution of body fluids and ultimately the blood pressure. Data from the literature suggests that the mitogens Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)-A and VEGF-C are able to regulate the amount and charge density of GAGs and their detachment from the cell surface. Based on these findings we investigated the relationship between the level of dietary sodium intake, the expression levels of VEGF-A and VEGF-C, and the amount of the skin GAGs hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate in an in vivo rat model. Significant correlation between dietary sodium intake, skin sodium levels and GAG content was found. We confirmed the GAG synthesizing role of VEGF-C but failed to prove that GAGs are degraded by VEGF-A. No significant difference in blood pressure was registered between the different dietary groups. A quotient calculated form the ion and water content of the skin tissue samples suggests that - in contrast to previous findings - the osmotically inactive ions and bound water fractions are proportional.

Sodium hyaluronate accelerates the healing process in tooth sockets of rats.

PubMed

Mendes, Renato M; Silva, Gerluza A B; Lima, Miguel F; Calliari, Marcelo V; Almeida, Alvair P; Alves, José B; Ferreira, Anderson J

2008-12-01

In this study we evaluated the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HY) in the healing process of tooth sockets of rats. Immediately after the extraction of the upper first molars of male Holtzman rats, right sockets were treated with 1% HY gel (approximately 0.1 ml), while left sockets were used as control (blood clot). The animals were sacrificed at 2, 7, and 21 days after tooth extraction and upper maxillaries processed for histological and morphometric analysis of the apical and medium thirds of the sockets. Carbopol, an inert gel, was used to evaluate the mechanical effect of gel injection into sockets. Expression of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and osteopontin (OPN) was determined by immunohistochemistry at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 days after tooth extraction. Histological analysis showed that HY treatment induced earlier trabecular bone deposition resulting in a bone matrix more organized at 7 and 21 days after tooth extraction. Also, HY elicited significant increase in the amount of bone trabeculaes at 7 and 21 days after tooth extraction (percentage of trabecular bone area at 7 days: 13.21+/-4.66% vs. 2.58+/-1.36% in the apical third of control sockets) and in the vessels counting at 7 days. Conversely, the number of cell nuclei was decreased in HY-treated sockets. Additionally, expression of BMP-2 and OPN was enhanced in HY-treated sockets compared with control sockets. These findings suggest that HY accelerates the healing process in tooth sockets of rats stimulating the expression of osteogenic proteins.

Influence of Sodium Hyaluronate Concentration on Corneal Aberrations in Soft Contact Lens Wearers

PubMed Central

Lee, Jong Soo; Park, Jong Moon; Cho, Hyun Kyung; Kim, Su Jin; Huh, Hyoun Do

2018-01-01

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the influence of varying concentrations of sodium hyaluronate (SH) eye drops on corneal aberrations in normal individuals wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses. Methods Normal individuals wearing silicone hydrogel contact lenses were enrolled in this study. Subjects were classified into two groups depending on the concentration of the preservative-free SH used (group 1, 0.1% SH; group 2, 0.3% SH). All subjects were asked to blink five times after instillation of the SH eye drop and before the Galilei measurements. Corneal aberrations were measured over the contact lenses before and after SH eye drop instillation. Visual acuity (VA) over the contact lenses was also measured both before instillation of the SH eye drop and after the subjects completed the five blinks. Results There was no change in VA after SH instillation in group 1; however, group 2's VA significantly deteriorated after SH instillation. Changes in VA after SH instillation compared to baseline were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Similarly, the increase in corneal aberrations after SH instillation was significant in group 2 but not significant in group 1. Among the significantly increased corneal aberration parameters, defocus was the main type in group 2. Changes in corneal aberrations after SH instillation compared to baseline were significantly higher in group 2 than in group 1. Conclusions A 0.3%-concentration of SH increases corneal aberration and decreases VA in soft contact lens wearers. Defocus is the main type of aberration that increased in the 0.3% SH instillation group. PMID:29611370

Role of anti-adhesive barriers following rotator cuff repair surgery: an experimental study.

PubMed

Kalem, Mahmut; Şahin, Ercan; Songür, Murat; Zehir, Sinan; Armangil, Mehmet; Demirtaş, Mehmet A

2016-01-01

This experimental study investigates the effectiveness of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (Dualmesh®, Gore Medical, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethyl cellulose (Seprafilm®, Genzyme, Cambridge, MA, USA), and polysiloxane (silicone) as anti-adhesive barriers for inhibition of fibrosis in the subacromial area following rotator cuff repair. Rabbit rotator cuff tenotomy and repair was conducted on 24 rabbits in 4 groups: control (Group A), Dualmesh® (Group B), Seprafilm® (Group C), and silicone (Group D). Anti-adhesive barrier materials were sutured over the repaired rotator cuff. Macroscopic and histological evaluations were made at the end of the sixth postoperative week. Macroscopic evaluation revealed that minimal adhesion occurred in the control and silicone groups, while the Seprafilm® and Dualmesh® groups showed evidence of fibrosis. Microscopic evaluation revealed diffuse fibrosis and collagen accumulation in the Dualmesh® and Seprafilm® groups, whereas minimal collagen deposition and inflammatory cell reaction was found among the silicone and control groups. Significant differences were found between the silicone and Dualmesh® (p=0.001) and silicone and Seprafilm® groups (p=0.002), as well as between the control and Dualmesh® (p=0.002) and control and Seprafilm® groups (p=0.002). Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE/Dualmesh®) and sodium hyaluronate carboxymethyl cellulose (SH-CMC/Seprafilm®) did not prevent or attenuate postoperative subacromial fibrosis following cuff tear repair. Nor did silicone prevent or attenuate fibrosis. More detailed research is needed for development of an effective anti-adhesive barrier for use after rotator cuff tear surgery.

The effect of sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethyl cellulose membrane in the prevention of parenchymal air leaks: an experimental and manometric study in rats.

PubMed

Büyükkale, Songül; Çıtak, Necati; İşgörücü, Özgür; Sayar, Adnan

2017-12-01

We aimed to examine effectiveness of sodium hyaluronate-carboxymethly cellulose (NaH/CMC) for sealing pulmonary air leaks during postoperative period. The study was conducted in 16 male Sprague-Dawley rats. A linear insicion (length= 0.2 cm, depth= 0.1 cm) to the lung parenchyma on the inflated by a cutter was made. The animals were randomly divided; the control group (n= 8) and NaH/CMC-treated group (the study group, n= 8). Control group was left for physiologic healing while a NaH/CMC membrane was applied over the the incisional area in the study group. Then the pressure point where the air leakage observed was noted. No polymorphonucleer leucocytes (PMNL) infiltration was detected in control group, whereas PMNL infiltration was 0.38 ± 0.5 cell per 100 high field in study group (p= 0.234). The degree of macrophage, lymphocyte infiltration and the mean fibroblast count were found to be higher in study group compared with control group (p= 0.007, p= 0.02, p= 0.05, respectively). The mean pressure value for air leak to occur in the control group was 43.50 ± 9.55 mmHg whereas it was 73.75 ± 16.68 mmHg in the study group (p< 0.001). The data revealed that bioabsorbable NaH/CMC membrane accelerates healing with preserving the expansile character of lung parenchyma even in high ventilation pressures. However, further studies are required to assess the prevent impact of the pulmonary air-leak for NaH/CMC membrane.

76 FR 29194 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Mexico and Sweden: Revocation of Antidumping Duty Orders

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-20

... carboxymethylcellulose from Mexico and Sweden would not be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material... orders on purified CMC from Mexico and Sweden would be likely to lead to the continuation or recurrence... purified CMC from Mexico and Sweden would not be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material...

A Self-Healing Aqueous Lithium-Ion Battery.

PubMed

Zhao, Yang; Zhang, Ye; Sun, Hao; Dong, Xiaoli; Cao, Jingyu; Wang, Lie; Xu, Yifan; Ren, Jing; Hwang, Yunil; Son, In Hyuk; Huang, Xianliang; Wang, Yonggang; Peng, Huisheng

2016-11-07

Flexible lithium-ion batteries are critical for the next-generation electronics. However, during the practical application, they may break under deformations such as twisting and cutting, causing their failure to work or even serious safety problems. A new family of all-solid-state and flexible aqueous lithium ion batteries that can self-heal after breaking has been created by designing aligned carbon nanotube sheets loaded with LiMn 2 O 4 and LiTi 2 (PO 4 ) 3 nanoparticles on a self-healing polymer substrate as electrodes, and a new kind of lithium sulfate/sodium carboxymethylcellulose serves as both gel electrolyte and separator. The specific capacity, rate capability, and cycling performance can be well maintained after repeated cutting and self-healing. These self-healing batteries are demonstrated to be promising for wearable devices. © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A novel pH-responsive interpolyelectrolyte hydrogel complex for the oral delivery of levodopa. Part I. IPEC modeling and synthesis.

PubMed

Ngwuluka, Ndidi C; Choonara, Yahya E; Kumar, Pradeep; du Toit, Lisa C; Khan, Riaz A; Pillay, Viness

2015-03-01

This study was undertaken to synthesize an interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of polymethacrylate (E100) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) to form a polymeric hydrogel material for application in specialized oral drug delivery of sensitive levodopa. Computational modeling was employed to proffer insight into the interactions between the polymers. In addition, the reactional profile of NaCMC and polymethacrylate was elucidated using molecular mechanics energy relationships (MMER) and molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) by exploring the spatial disposition of NaCMC and E100 with respect to each other. Computational modeling revealed that the formation of the IPEC was due to strong ionic associations, hydrogen bonding, and hydrophilic interactions. The computational results corroborated well with the experimental and the analytical data. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The effects of biomacromolecules on the physical stability of W/O/W emulsions.

PubMed

Li, Jinlong; Zhu, Yunping; Teng, Chao; Xiong, Ke; Yang, Ran; Li, Xiuting

2017-02-01

The effect of bovine serum albumin (BSA), whey protein isolate (WPI), whey protein hydrolysate (WPH), sodium caseinate (SC), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC), fish gelatin (FG), high methoxyl apple pectin (HMAP), low methoxyl apple pectin (LMAP), gum Arabic (GA), ι-carrageenan (CGN), and hydroxypropyl chitosan (HPCTS) on physical stability of internal or external aqueous phase of water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsions was evaluated. WPI and CGN in the internal aqueous phase, and GA, HPCTS, and CMC in the external phase reduced the size of emulsion droplets. BSA, WPI, SC, FG, CGN, and HPCTS improved the dilution stability of W/O/W emulsions, but HMAP had a negative effect. BSA, WPI, SC, FG, LMAP, GA, CGN, HPCTS, or CMC significantly improved the thermal stability of W/O/W emulsions. Results also indicated that the addition of CGN (1.0%), HMAP (1.0%), WPH (1.0%), or HPCTS (1.0%) in internal aqueous phase significantly increased the viscosity of emulsions, however, addition to the external aqueous phase had insignificant effects. A protein-knockout experiment confirmed that proteins as biomacromolecules, were the key factor in improving physical stability of emulsions.

Gels of sodium alginate‒chitosan interpolyelectrolyte complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brovko, O. S.; Palamarchuk, I. A.; Val'chuk, N. A.; Chukhchin, D. G.; Bogolitsyn, K. G.; Boitsova, T. A.

2017-08-01

Aspects of the formation of gels of interpolyelectrolyte complexes (IPECs) based on sodium alginate (NaAlg) and chitosan are studied. The effect the conditions of synthesis and complex composition have on the morphological structure and functional properties of these complexes is examined. It is established that complexation in this system proceeds according to a mechanism of electrostatic interaction between the oppositely charged carboxylic groups of the L-hyaluronic acid pyranose cycles of NaAlg proximal polymer chains and chitosan's amino groups, along with a multitude of hydrogen bonds and dispersion forces. We show that the mechanism of IPEC formation is strongly influenced by the conformational state of a lyophilizing component that is present in the system in excess. The inner surfaces of cryogels based on NaAlg‒chitosan IPECs is found to be strongly influenced by the degree of conversion between the parental polyelectrolytes. The most developed mesoporous structure is obtained when a denser gel forms in the system.

75 FR 3444 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-21

... Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative... of Time Limits for Preliminary Results Section 751(a)(3)(A) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as amended.... However, if it is not practicable to complete the review within this time period, section 751(a)(3)(A) of...

Injectable Drug Eluting Elastomeric Polymer: A Novel Submucosal Injection Material

PubMed Central

Tran, Richard T.; Palmer, Michael; Tang, Shou-Jiang; Abell, Thomas L.; Yang, Jian

2011-01-01

Background Biodegradable hydrogels can deliver therapeutic payloads with great potentials in endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) to yield improvements in efficacy and foster mucosal regeneration. Objective To assess the efficacy of an injectable drug eluting elastomeric polymer (iDEEP) as a submucosal injection material. Design Comparative study among 3 different solutions using material characterization tests, ex vivo and in vivo porcine models. Setting Academic hospital. Interventions 30 gastric submucosal cushions were achieved with saline (0.9%), sodium hyaluronate (0.4%), and iDEEP (n = 10) in ex vivo porcine stomachs. Four porcine gastric submucosal cushions were then performed in vivo using iDEEP. Main outcome measurements Maximum injection pressure, Rebamipide release rate, submucosal elevation duration, and assessment of in vivo efficacy by en bloc resection. Results No significant difference in injection pressures between iDEEP (28.9 ± 0.3 PSI) and sodium hyaluronate (29.5 ± 0.4 PSI, P > .05) was observed. iDEEP gels displayed a controlled release of Rebamipide up to 2 weeks in vitro. The elevation height of iDEEP (5.7 ± 0.5 mm) was higher than saline (2.8 ± 0.2 mm, P < .01) and SH (4.2 ± 0.2 mm, P < .05). All EMR procedures were successfully performed after injection of iDEEP, and a large gel cushion was noted after the resection procedure. Limitations Benchtop, ex vivo, and non-survival pig study. Conclusions A novel injection solution was evaluated for endoscopic resection. These results suggest that iDEEP may provide a significant step towards the realization of an ideal EMR and ESD injection material. PMID:22301346

Experimental study of viscoelastic in the prevention of corneal endothelial desiccation injury from vitreal fluid-air exchange.

PubMed

Cekiç, Osman; Ohji, Masahito; Zheng, Yuping; Hayashi, Atsushi; Kusaka, Shunji; Tano, Yasuo

2003-05-01

To evaluate the usefulness of viscoelastic in protecting the corneal endothelium from desiccation injury associated with fluid-air exchange in a rabbit model. Experimental study. Rabbit eyes undergoing pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy were insufflated with either dry or humidified air for 20 minutes following introduction of either Opegan (sodium hyaluronate 1.0%; Santen, Osaka, Japan) or Viscoat (sodium hyaluronate 3%-chondroitin sulfate 4%; Alcon, Tokyo, Japan) into the anterior chamber. In two other groups of rabbit eyes, the same procedure was performed without using any viscoelastic agent. Corneas obtained from rabbits undergoing surgery were compared with corneas obtained from rabbits not undergoing surgery. Potential alterations in the corneal endothelium were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, by Phalloidin-FITC staining of actin and by in vitro measurements of corneal permeability for carboxyfluorescein using a diffusion chamber. Scanning electron microscopy displayed less distortion of corneal endothelium with Opegan and Viscoat compared with the dry air-only exposed corneas. Using humidified air in Opegan and Viscoat coated corneas maintained the normal actin cytoskeleton during fluid-air exchange. Paracellular leakage was much less with Opegan and Viscoat use following infusion of dry air comparing to that of dry air-only group (P =.026 and P =.041). The difference was much more striking following humidified air infusion in Opegan or Viscoat coated corneas comparing to dry air-only infused corneas (P <.002 and P <.002). Coating of rabbit corneal endothelium with Opegan or Viscoat before fluid-air exchange largely prevents dry air damage to the endothelium. Infusion of humidified air further protects corneal endothelium during fluid-air exchange in aphakic rabbit eyes.

Microcomputed tomographic and histologic analysis of anorganic bone matrix coupled with cell-binding peptide suspended in sodium hyaluronate carrier after sinus augmentation: a clinical study.

PubMed

Emam, Hany; Beheiri, Galal; Elsalanty, Mohammed; Sharawy, Mohamed

2011-01-01

Anorganic bovine hydroxyapatite matrix (ABM), when coupled with synthetic cell-binding peptide (P15), mimics the cell-binding region of type 1 collagen and is commercially available suspended in a sodium hyaluronate carrier. The aim of the present study, therefore, was to test the efficacy of ABM/P-15 Putty (DENTSPLY Friadent CeraMed) as a sole graft material for sinus augmentation in patients with severely resorbed posterior maxillae. Sinus augmentation was performed in 10 patients using ABM/P-15 Putty and two provisional dental implants (3.0 mm in diameter). The graft and implants were placed simultaneously with the aid of a surgical stent. After 8 or 16 weeks, the implants were removed using a 4.25-mm trephine bur; this was followed by immediate placement of wider-diameter (5.5-mm) implants. All 20 implants were scanned by microcomputed tomography to determine bone mineral density (BMD), percent bone volume (PBV), and percent bone contact (PBC). There was a significant increase in the BMD of bone around the implants at 8 weeks and 16 weeks compared to native residual (control) bone. There was no significant difference in PBV or PBC between 8 weeks and 16 weeks. The average increase in bone height at 16 weeks was 9.63 ± 1 mm. Microcomputed tomographic images and histologic sections showed dense graft particles surrounded by vital trabecular bone. BMD increases as early as 8 weeks and does not show an additional increase after 16 weeks. PepGen P-15 Putty was found to be a promising osteoconductive graft for sinus augmentation, supporting immediate placement of implants.

Antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome treated with preservative-free versus preserved eye drops.

PubMed

Jee, Donghyun; Park, Sang Hee; Kim, Man Soo; Kim, Eun Chul

2014-07-03

To compare the antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine activities in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome treated with preservative-free versus preserved eye drops. A total of 100 patients with moderate to severe dry eye syndrome were randomly divided into two groups. Fifty patients (group 1) were treated four times with preservative-free 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.1% fluorometholone eye drops in the first month and with preservative-free 0.1% sodium hyaluronate and 0.05% cyclosporine eye drops in the second and third months. Another 50 patients (group 2) were treated with preserved eye drops on the same schedule. Ocular Surface Disease Index, corneal fluorescein staining, Schirmer I test, tear film breakup time, impression cytology, and antioxidant and inflammatory cytokine activities in tears were evaluated. Treatment with preservative-free eye drops led to significant improvements in symptoms, tear film breakup time, Schirmer I score, and impression cytologic findings compared to treatment with preserved eye drops (P < 0.05) in patients with dry eye syndrome. There was a statistically significant decrease in the IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, and TNF-α concentrations and a statistically significant increase in the catalase, peroxiredoxin 2, superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD 2), and thioredoxin mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) of tears in the preservative-free group at 1, 2, and 3 months compared to initial values, respectively (P < 0.05). Treatment with preservative-free eye drops is effective against the dry eye syndrome. Preservative-free eye drops seem to be more effective than preserved eye drops in decreasing ocular inflammation and in increasing antioxidant contents in tears of patients with dry eye syndrome. Copyright 2014 The Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology, Inc.

Combining Sodium Hyaluronate and Polyvinylpyrrolidone Therapies for the Rabbit Cornea: A New Approach to Relief of the Human Dry Eye Syndrome.

PubMed

Ehrenberg, Moshe; Zolotariov, Eyal; Loeb, Emmanuel; Poliansky, Vadim; Levy, Aharon

2015-09-01

The novel combination of 0.1% sodium hyaluronate (HA) and 5.0% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) into one eyedrop was investigated to test the hypothesis of its increased relief of dry eye syndrome (DES). We evaluated HA and PVP, either alone, or in combination, by utilizing 16 rabbits, where their right eyes received one or two different eyedrops, and their left eyes, as controls, received none. The DES replica in rabbits was induced by 0.1% benzalkonium chloride (BAC) eyedrops. BAC was instilled into the right eyes of all rabbits, which were divided into four groups of four. In Group 1 M, the rabbits received only BAC. A second eyedrop given to the right eyes of Group 2 M was HA, of Group 3 M was PVP, and of Group 4 M was the combination of both HA and PVP. All eyes were followed clinically for 14 d, and thereafter, examined histopathologically. Clinically, the HA+PVP combination yielded the least perilimbal conjunctival erythema (p < 0.05), and the least corneal epithelial fluorescein staining (p < 0.001) compared to each treatment alone. Histopathologically, all four rabbits' right eyes in the combination group 4 M displayed the greatest preservation of the corneal epithelium (p < 0.001) and of the perilimbal conjunctival goblet cell density (p < 0.001). This unique combination of both HA and PVP into one eyedrop, was more potent than either treatment alone in protecting the ocular surface. A preparation, containing both HA and PVP may become useful for DES patients.

[Hyaluronate sodium treatment for internal derangement of temporomandibular joint: a systematic review based on randomized controlled trials].

PubMed

Li, Chunjie; Zhang, Yifan; Jia, Yuanyuan; Lü, Jun; Li, Longjiang; Shi, Zong-Dao

2011-10-01

To assess the efficacy and safety of hyaluronate sodium (HS) for internal derangement of temporomandibular joint by means of systematic review on relevant randomized controlled trials. After identifing the study question of the efficacy and safety of HS for internal derangement of temporomandibular joint, Medline, Cochrane Controlled Trials Register, EMBASE, OPEN SIGLE and CBM were searched electronically till October 3rd 2010. Hand-searching covering 19 dental journals in Chinese were also performed. Risk of bias assessment, with Cochrane Collaboration's tool, and data extraction of included studies were conducted by two reviewers in duplicate. Meta analysis was done with Revman 5.0.23 and the quality of evidence was evaluated by GRADE. 10 randomized controlled trials met the eligibility criteria and were included. All these studies had unclear risk of bias. When compared with negative control, HS showed a significant advantage on maximal mouth opening in short and long-term (P < 0.05), and clinical overall assessment in short-term (P < 0.05), but its effect on pain control and long-term effect on clinical overall assessment had no extra benefit (P > 0.05). Additionally, when compared with glucocorticoids, the participants who received HS injection would get a better clinical overall assessment in short-term and less adverse drug reactions (P < 0.05), but presented a similar temporomandibular joint pain relief and maximal mouth opening (P > 0.05). To a certain extent, HS had good efficacy and better safety than controls when treating internal derangement of temporomandibular joint. However, as the quality of some included studies were limited, more randomized controlled trials are needed to reinforce the conclusion.

Potential role of fibroblast growth factor in enhancement of fracture healing.

PubMed

Radomsky, M L; Thompson, A Y; Spiro, R C; Poser, J W

1998-10-01

Fibroblast growth factors are present in significant amounts in bone and several studies have suggested that they may be involved in normal fracture healing. It is well established that fibroblast growth factors have mitogenic and angiogenic activity on mesoderm and neuroectoderm derived cells. Of particular interest as a member of the fibroblast growth factor family, basic fibroblast growth factor stimulates mitogenesis, chemotaxis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. It also plays an important role in the development of vascular, nervous, and skeletal systems, promotes the maintenance and survival of certain tissues, and stimulates wound healing and tissue repair. Animal studies have shown that the direct injection of fibroblast growth factor into fresh fractures stimulates callus formation, which provides mechanical stability to the fracture, accelerates healing, and restores competence. The matrix used to present the fibroblast growth factor at the fracture site plays a critical role in the effectiveness of the treatment. The evaluation of injectable basic fibroblast growth factor in a sodium hyaluronate gel for its effectiveness in stimulating fracture healing is described. When applied directly into a freshly created fracture in the rabbit fibula, a single injection of the basic fibroblast growth factor and hyaluronan results in the stimulation of callus formation, increased bone formation, and earlier restoration of mechanical strength at the fracture site. The hyaluronan gel serves as a reservoir that sequesters the basic fibroblast growth factor at the injection site for the length of time necessary to create an environment conducive to fracture healing. It is concluded that basic fibroblast growth factor and sodium hyaluronate act synergistically to accelerate fracture healing and that the combination is suitable for clinical evaluation as a therapy in fracture treatment.

Effect of 0.3% Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose/Dextran Versus 0.18% Sodium Hyaluronate in the Treatment of Ocular Surface Disease in Glaucoma Patients: A Randomized, Double-Blind, and Controlled Study.

PubMed

Prabhasawat, Pinnita; Ruangvaravate, Ngamkae; Tesavibul, Nattaporn; Thewthong, Maneerat

2015-01-01

To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.3% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/dextran (HPMC/dextran) and 0.18% sodium hyaluronate (SH) in the treatment of ocular surface disease in patients using antiglaucoma drugs containing preservatives. This was a double-blind, randomized, parallel-group study in 70 glaucoma patients with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score greater than 20 points and/or presence of ocular signs. Patients were randomized to receive either preservative-free 0.3% HPMC/dextran (n=35) or preservative-free 0.18% SH (n=35). Treatment was 1 drop in each eye, 4 times a day. Data were collected at baseline, at day 7 and day 28. The groups were homogeneous at baseline. At day 28, both treatments showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the mean OSDI score, lid skin and lid margin inflammation, conjunctival injection, and expressibility of meibomian glands, corneal staining score, fluorescein tear breakup time (FBUT), and Schirmer I test. However, the mean OSDI score, lid margin inflammation and conjunctival injection showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the SH group at days 7 and 28, compared to the HPMC/dextran group. FBUT and the Schirmer I test also showed significant improvements (P<0.05) in the SH group compared to the HPMC/dextran group, at day 28. No adverse reactions were observed in either group. Preservative-free artificial tear, 0.3% HPMC/dextran, and 0.18% SH, caused a significant relief of the ocular surface disease in glaucoma patients. However, 0.18% SH led to a greater improvement in ocular signs and symptoms than 0.3% HPMC/dextran.

Influence of Anti-inflammatory Drugs on the Rheological Properties of Synovial Fluid and Its Components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krause, Wendy E.; Klossner, Rebecca R.; Liang, Jing; Colby, Ralph H.

2006-03-01

The polyelectrolyte hyaluronic acid (HA, hyaluronan), its interactions with anti-inflammatory drugs and other biopolymers, and its role in synovial fluid are being studied. We are investigating the rheological properties of sodium hyaluronate (NaHA) solutions and an experimental model of synovial fluid (comprised of NaHA, and the plasma proteins albumin and γ-globulins). Steady shear measurements on bovine synovial fluid, the synovial fluid model, and plasma protein solutions indicate that the fluids are rheopectic (stress increases with time under steady shear). In addition, the influence of anti-inflammatory agents on these solutions is being explored. Initial results indicate that D-penicillamine and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) affect the rheology of the synovial fluid model and its components. While HCQ has no effect on the viscosity of NaHA solutions, it inhibits/suppresses the observed rheopexy of the synovial fluid model and plasma protein solutions. In contrast, D-penicillamine has a complex, time dependent effect on the viscosity of NaHA solutions,---reducing the zero shear rate viscosity of a 3 mg/mL NaHA (in phosphate buffered saline) by ca. 40% after 44 days. The potential implications of these results will be discussed.

Differentiation potential of human adipose stem cells bioprinted with hyaluronic acid/gelatin-based bioink through microextrusion and visible light-initiated crosslinking.

PubMed

Sakai, Shinji; Ohi, Hiromi; Hotta, Tomoki; Kamei, Hidenori; Taya, Masahito

2018-02-01

Bioprinting has a great potential to fabricate three-dimensional (3D) functional tissues and organs. In particular, the technique enables fabrication of 3D constructs containing stem cells while maintaining cell proliferation and differentiation abilities, which is believed to be promising in the fields of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. We aimed to demonstrate the utility of the bioprinting technique to create hydrogel constructs consisting of hyaluronic acid (HA) and gelatin derivatives through irradiation by visible light to fabricate 3D constructs containing human adipose stem cells (hADSCs). The hydrogel was obtained from a solution of HA and gelatin derivatives possessing phenolic hydroxyl moieties in the presence of ruthenium(II) tris-bipyridyl dication and sodium ammonium persulfate. hADSCs enclosed in the bioprinted hydrogel construct elongated and proliferated in the hydrogel. In addition, their differentiation potential was confirmed by examining the expression of pluripotency marker genes and cell surface marker proteins, and differentiation to adipocytes in adipogenic differentiation medium. Our results demonstrate the great potential of the bioprinting method and the resultant hADSC-laden HA/gelatin constructs for applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Designed drug-release systems having various breathable polyurethane film-backed hydrocolloid acrylated adhesive layers for moisture healing.

PubMed

Chang, Ching-Hsien; Liu, Hsia-Wei; Huang, Ching-Cheng

2014-01-01

A series of designed drug-release systems were prepared and established for clear moisture healing. These systems were designed to have an interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) structure, which contained a breathable polyurethane film, hydrocolloidlayer, and polyacrylate adhesive layer. Breathable polyurethane film (2000 g/m(2)/24 hr) with high moisture permeability was employed as a base for new drug-release systems or wound dressings. All drug-release systems having a polyurethane film-backed hydrocolloid acrylated adhesive layer showed an increase of water uptakes with increasing time. After 114 hours, high water uptakes of drug-release systems with 20% hydrocolloid components were observed in the values of 160, 1100, and 1870% for different additional hydrocolloid components of carboxymethylcellulose, sodium alginate, and carbomer U10, respectively. New drug-release systems of polyurethane film-backed hydrocolloid/adhesive layers could be designed and established for wound care managements.

Comparison of neurofuzzy logic and decision trees in discovering knowledge from experimental data of an immediate release tablet formulation.

PubMed

Shao, Q; Rowe, R C; York, P

2007-06-01

Understanding of the cause-effect relationships between formulation ingredients, process conditions and product properties is essential for developing a quality product. However, the formulation knowledge is often hidden in experimental data and not easily interpretable. This study compares neurofuzzy logic and decision tree approaches in discovering hidden knowledge from an immediate release tablet formulation database relating formulation ingredients (silica aerogel, magnesium stearate, microcrystalline cellulose and sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and process variables (dwell time and compression force) to tablet properties (tensile strength, disintegration time, friability, capping and drug dissolution at various time intervals). Both approaches successfully generated useful knowledge in the form of either "if then" rules or decision trees. Although different strategies are employed by the two approaches in generating rules/trees, similar knowledge was discovered in most cases. However, as decision trees are not able to deal with continuous dependent variables, data discretisation procedures are generally required.

Natural Poly- and Oligosaccharides as Novel Delivery Systems for Plant Protection Compounds.

PubMed

Selyutina, O Yu; Apanasenko, I E; Khalikov, S S; Polyakov, N E

2017-08-09

To increase the bioavailability of plant protection products, we have applied a new approach based on noncovalent association with natural water-soluble polysaccharides and oligosaccharides as delivery systems (DSs). The mechanochemical technique has been applied to prepare the solid-state nanodispersed compositions of antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (NA) with arabinogalactan, sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose, and glycyrrhizin as DSs. The effect of DSs on the solubility and the penetration of NA into the seeds of barley and wheat has been investigated by various physicochemical techniques. All DSs considerably enhance the solubility of NA and improve its penetration into the grain. The influence of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on artificial lipid membranes was studied by the NMR relaxation method. It was concluded that the effect of polysaccharides and oligosaccharides on the penetration efficacy of plant protection products might be associated with the detected solubility enhancement and the affinity of DSs to the surface of cell membranes.

The effects of hyaluronic acid incorporated as a wetting agent on lysozyme denaturation in model contact lens materials.

PubMed

Weeks, Andrea; Boone, Adrienne; Luensmann, Doerte; Jones, Lyndon; Sheardown, Heather

2013-09-01

Conventional and silicone hydrogels as models for contact lenses were prepared to determine the effect of the presence of hyaluronic acid on lysozyme sorption and denaturation. Hyaluronic acid was loaded into poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/TRIS--methacryloxypropyltris (trimethylsiloxy silane) hydrogels, which served as models for conventional and silicone hydrogel contact lens materials. The hyaluronic acid was cross-linked using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide in the presence of dendrimers. Active lysozyme was quantified using a Micrococcus lysodeikticus assay while total lysozyme was determined using 125-I radiolabeled protein. To examine the location of hyaluronic acid in the gels, 6-aminofluorescein labeled hyaluronic acid was incorporated into the gels using 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide chemistry and the gels were examined using confocal laser scanning microscopy. Hyaluronic acid incorporation significantly reduced lysozyme sorption in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p < 0.00001) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/TRIS--methacryloxypropyltris (trimethylsiloxy silane) (p < 0.001) hydrogels, with the modified materials sorbing only 20% and 16% that of the control, respectively. More importantly, hyaluronic acid also decreased lysozyme denaturation in poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (p < 0.005) and poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)/TRIS--methacryloxypropyltris (trimethylsiloxy silane) (p < 0.02) hydrogels. The confocal laser scanning microscopy results showed that the hyaluronic acid distribution was dependent on both the material type and the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid. This study demonstrates that hyaluronic acid incorporated as a wetting agent has the potential to reduce lysozyme sorption and denaturation in contact lens applications. The distribution of hyaluronic acid within hydrogels appears to affect denaturation, with more surface mobile, lower molecular weight hyaluronic acid being more effective in preventing denaturation.

CD44 and TLR4 mediate hyaluronic acid regulation of Lgr5+ stem cell proliferation, crypt fission, and intestinal growth in postnatal and adult mice.

PubMed

Riehl, Terrence E; Santhanam, Srikanth; Foster, Lynne; Ciorba, Matthew; Stenson, William F

2015-12-01

Hyaluronic acid, a glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix, binds to CD44 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). We previously addressed the role of hyaluronic acid in small intestinal and colonic growth in mice. We addressed the role of exogenous hyaluronic acid by giving hyaluronic acid intraperitoneally and the role of endogenous hyaluronic acid by giving PEP-1, a peptide that blocks hyaluronic acid binding to its receptors. Exogenous hyaluronic acid increased epithelial proliferation but had no effect on intestinal length. PEP-1 resulted in a shortened small intestine and colon and diminished epithelial proliferation. In the current study, we sought to determine whether the effects of hyaluronic acid on growth were mediated by signaling through CD44 or TLR4 by giving exogenous hyaluronic acid or PEP-1 twice a week from 3-8 wk of age to wild-type, CD44(-/-), and TLR4(-/-) mice. These studies demonstrated that signaling through both CD44 and TLR4 were important in mediating the effects of hyaluronic acid on growth in the small intestine and colon. Extending our studies to early postnatal life, we assessed the effects of exogenous hyaluronic acid and PEP-1 on Lgr5(+) stem cell proliferation and crypt fission. Administration of PEP-1 to Lgr5(+) reporter mice from postnatal day 7 to day 14 decreased Lgr5(+) cell proliferation and decreased crypt fission. These studies indicate that endogenous hyaluronic acid increases Lgr5(+) stem cell proliferation, crypt fission, and intestinal lengthening and that these effects are dependent on signaling through CD44 and TLR4. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.

Sedimentation properties in density gradients correspond with levels of sperm DNA fragmentation, chromatin compaction and binding affinity to hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Torabi, Forough; Binduraihem, Adel; Miller, David

2017-03-01

Mature spermatozoa bind hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix via hyaladherins. Immature spermatozoa may be unable to interact because they do not express the appropriate hyaladherins on their surface. Fresh human semen samples were fractionated using differential density gradient centrifugation (DDGC) and the ability of these fractions to bind hyaluronic acid was evaluated. The presence of sperm hyaladherins was also assessed. CD44 was located mainly on the acrosome and equatorial segment and became more restricted to the equatorial segment in capacitated spermatozoa. Hyaluronic acid-TRITC (hyaluronic acid conjugated with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanante), a generic hyaluronic-acid-binding reagent, labelled the membrane and the neck region, particularly after capacitation. Sperm populations obtained after DDGC or after interaction with hyaluronic acid were assessed for DNA fragmentation and chromatin maturity. Strong relationships between both measures and sperm sedimentation and hyaluronic-acid-binding profiles were revealed. Capacitation enhanced hyaluronic acid binding of both DDGC-pelleted sperm and sperm washed free of seminal fluid. In conclusion, hyaladherins were detected on human sperm and a higher capacity for sperm hyaluronic-acid-binding was shown to correspond with their DDGC sedimentation profiles and with lower levels of DNA fragmentation and better chromatin maturity. Capacitation induced changes in the distribution and presence of hyaladherins may enhance hyaluronic-acid-binding. Copyright © 2016 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A prospective, randomised study of a novel transforming methacrylate dressing compared with a silver-containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose dressing on partial-thickness skin graft donor sites in burn patients.

PubMed

Assadian, Ojan; Arnoldo, Brett; Purdue, Gary; Burris, Agnes; Skrinjar, Edda; Duschek, Nikolaus; Leaper, David J

2015-06-01

This prospective, randomised study compares a new transforming methacrylate dressing (TMD) with a silver-containing carboxymethylcellulose dressing (CMC-Ag) after application to split-thickness skin graft (STSG) donor sites. This was an unblinded, non-inferiority, between-patient, comparison study that involved patients admitted to a single-centre burn unit who required two skin graft donor sites. Each patient's donor sites were covered immediately after surgery: one donor site with TMD and the other with CMC-Ag. The donor sites were evaluated until healing or until 24 days post-application, whichever came first. Study endpoints were time to healing, daily pain scores, number of dressing changes, patient comfort and physicians' and patients' willingness to use the dressings in the future. Nineteen patients had both the dressings applied. No statistically significant difference was noted in time to healing between the two dressings (14·2 days using TMD compared with 13·2 days using CMC-Ag). When pain scores were compared, TMD resulted in statistically significantly less pain at three different time periods (2-5 days, 6-10 days and 11-15 days; P < 0·001 at all time periods). Patients also reported greater comfort with TMD (P < 0·001). Users rated TMD as being less easy to use because of the time and technique required for application. Reductions in pain and increased patient comfort with the use of the TMD dressing, compared with CMC-Ag, were seen as clinical benefits as these are the major issues in donor site management. © 2013 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2013 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The effect of sodium hydroxide on drag reduction using banana peel as a drag reduction agent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaur, H.; Jaafar, A.

2018-02-01

Drag reduction is observed as reduced frictional pressure losses under turbulent flow conditions. Drag reduction agent such as polymers can be introduced to increase the flowrate of water flowing and reduce the water accumulation in the system. Currently used polymers are synthetic polymers, which will harm our environment in excessive use of accumulation. A more environmentally-friendly drag reduction agent such as the polymer derived from natural sources or biopolymer, is then required for such purpose. As opposed to the synthetic polymers, the potential of biopolymers as drag reduction agents, especially those derived from a local plant source are not extensively explored. The drag reduction of a polymer produced from a local plant source within the turbulent regime was explored and assessed in this study using a rheometer, where a reduced a torque produced was perceived as a reduction of drag. This method proposed is less time consuming and is more practical which is producing carboxymethylcellulose from the banana peel. The cellulose powder was converted to carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) by etherification process. The carboxymethylation reaction during the synthesizing process was then optimized against the reaction temperature, reaction time and solubility. The biopolymers were then rheologically characterized, where the viscoelastic effects and the normal stresses produced by these biopolymers were utilized to further relate and explain the drag reduction phenomena. The research was structured to focus on producing the biopolymer and to assess the drag reduction ability of the biopolymer produced. The rheological behavior of the biopolymers was then analyzed based on the ability of reducing drag. The results are intended to expand the currently extremely limited experimental database. Based on the results, the biopolymer works as a good DRA.

Evaluation of Ten Wild Nigerian Mushrooms for Amylase and Cellulase Activities

PubMed Central

Adeoyo, Olusegun Richard

2011-01-01

Amylases and cellulases are important enzymes that can be utilized for various biological activities. Ten different wild Nigerian mushrooms (Agaricus blazei, Agaricus sp., Corilopsis occidentalis, Coriolus versicolor, Termitomyces clypeatus, Termitomyces globulus, Pleurotus tuber-regium, Podoscypha bolleana, Pogonomyces hydnoides, and Nothopanus hygrophanus) were assayed for production of these secondary metabolites. The results revealed that most of the tested wild fungi demonstrated very good amylase and cellulase activities. With the incorporation of carboxymethyl-cellulose (a carbon source) into the culture medium, Agaricus blazei had the highest amylolytic activity of 0.60 unit/mL (at 25℃, pH 6.8). This was followed in order by P. tuber-regium and Agaricus sp. with 0.42 and 0.39 unit/mL, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). Maltose and sucrose supplementation into the submerged liquid medium made N. hygrophanus and P. hydnoides to exhibit very low amylase activities of 0.09 and 0.11 unit/mL, respectively. Introducing peptone (an organic nitrogen source) into the basal medium enhanced the ability of C. versicolor to produce a cellulase value of 0.74 unit/mL. Other organic nitrogen sources that supported good cellulase activities were yeast extract and urea. Sodium nitrate (inorganic nitrogen source) generally inhibited cellulase production in all mushrooms. The best carbon source was carboxymethyl-cellulose, which promoted very high cellulase activity of 0.67 unit/mL in C. versicolor, which was followed in order by P. tuber-regium, T. chypeatus, and C. occidentalis (p ≤ 0.05). Sucrose was the poorest carbon compound, supporting the lowest values of 0.01, 0.01, and 0.14 unit/mL in P. hydnoides, A. blazei, and Agaricus sp., respectively. PMID:22783085

Characterization of a Functional Soluble Form of a Brassica napus Membrane-Anchored Endo-1,4-β-Glucanase Heterologously Expressed in Pichia pastoris1

PubMed Central

Mølhøj, Michael; Ulvskov, Peter; Dal Degan, Florence

2001-01-01

The Brassica napus gene, Cel16, encodes a membrane-anchored endo-1,4-β-glucanase with a deduced molecular mass of 69 kD. As for other membrane-anchored endo-1,4-β-glucanases, Cel16 consists of a predicted intracellular, charged N terminus (methionine1-lysine70), a hydrophobic transmembrane domain (isoleucine71-valine93), and a periplasmic catalytic core (lysine94-proline621). Here, we report the functional analysis of Δ1-90Cel16, the N terminally truncated Cel16, missing residues 1 through 90 and comprising the catalytic domain of Cel16 expressed recombinantly in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris as a soluble protein. A two-step purification protocol yielded Δ1-90Cel16 in a pure form. The molecular mass of Δ1-90Cel16, when determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, was about 130 kD and about 60 kD after enzymatic removal of N-glycans, fitting the expected molecular mass of 59 kD. Δ1-90Cel16 was highly N glycosylated as compared with the native B. napus Cel16 protein. Δ1-90Cel16 had a pH optimum of 6.0. The activity of Δ1-90Cel16 was inhibited by EDTA and exhibited a strong dependence on calcium. Δ1-90Cel16 showed substrate specificity for low substituted carboxymethyl-cellulose and amorphous cellulose. It did not hydrolyze crystalline cellulose, xyloglycan, xylan, (1→3),(1→4)-β-d-glucan, the highly substituted hydroxyethylcellulose, or the oligosaccharides cellotriose, cellotetraose, cellopentaose, or xylopentaose. Size exclusion analysis of Δ1-90Cel16-hydrolyzed carboxymethylcellulose showed that Δ1-90Cel16 is a true endo-acting glucanase. PMID:11598241

The effect of intra-articular hyaluronate and tramadol injection on patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung-Hee; Suh, Jung-Woo; Oh, Ki Young

2017-08-03

Local administration of opioids causes effective analgesia without adverse effects related to the central nervous system. After the beneficial demonstration of peripheral opioid receptors in joint synovia, intra-articular opioid injections were used for pain treatment. Clinical studies have reported the safety and efficacy of hyaluronate injection in the shoulder joint of patients with osteoarthritis, periarthritis, rotator cuff tears, and adhesive capsulitis. To estimate the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronate and tramadol injection for adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder compared with that of intra-articular hyaluronate injection alone. Thirty patients with adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder were randomized to the hyaluronate group (n= 16) or the tramadol group (n= 14). Hyaluronate group members were administered five weekly intra-articular hyaluronate injections; tramadol group members were administered three weekly intra-articular hyaluronate and tramadol injections and then two weekly intra-articular injections of hyaluronate. Visual Analog Scale (VAS), passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder joint, and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) scores were assessed at baseline and weeks 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 after the initial injection. A significant improvement was observed in VAS, PROM, and SPADI scores between time points in both groups. In comparison in both groups at weeks 1 and 2 after the initial injection the VAS scores of the tramadol group were significantly lower than those of the hyaluronate group. Intra-articular hyaluronate with tramadol showed more rapid and strong analgesic effects than intra-articular hyaluronate alone and did not induce any adverse effects.

Systemic immunity influences hearing preservation in cochlear implantation.

PubMed

Souter, Melanie; Eastwood, Hayden; Marovic, Paul; Kel, Gordana; Wongprasartsuk, Sarin; Ryan, Allen F; O'Leary, Stephen John

2012-06-01

To determine whether a systemic immune response influences hearing thresholds and tissue response after cochlear implantation of hearing guinea pigs. Guinea pigs were inoculated with sterile antigen (Keyhole limpet hemocyanin) 3 weeks before cochlear implantation. Pure-tone auditory brainstem response thresholds were performed before implantation and 1 and 4 weeks later. Dexamethasone phosphate 20% was adsorbed onto a hyaluronic acid carboxymethylcellulose sponge and was applied to the round window for 30 minutes before electrode insertion. Normal saline was used for controls. Cochlear histology was performed at 4 weeks after implantation to assess the tissue response to implantation. To control for the effect of keyhole limpet hemocyanin priming, a group of unprimed animals underwent cochlear implantation with a saline-soaked pledget applied to the round window. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin priming had no significant detrimental effect on thresholds without implantation. Thresholds were elevated after implantation across all frequencies tested (2-32 kHz) in primed animals but only at higher frequencies (4-32 kHz) in unprimed controls. In primed animals, dexamethasone treatment significantly reduced threshold shifts at 2 and 8 kHz. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin led to the more frequent observation of lymphocytes in the tissue response to the implant. Systemic immune activation at the time of cochlear implantation broadened the range of frequencies experiencing elevated thresholds after implantation. Local dexamethasone provides partial protection against this hearing loss, but the degree and extent of protection are less compared to previous studies with unprimed animals.

Serum hyaluronic acid in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunts.

PubMed

Seki, M; Asano, K; Sakai, M; Kanno, N; Teshima, K; Edamura, K; Tanaka, S

2010-05-01

To compare the serum level of hyaluronic acid in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt with that in healthy dogs and to investigate the perioperative change in serum hyaluronic acid following shunt attenuation. Blood samples were obtained from 29 congenital portosystemic shunt dogs before the operation, and 2 and 4 weeks after the operation from 17 and 7 dogs, respectively. The serum hyaluronic acid level of these dogs was measured and compared with that of 10 healthy beagles. The median preoperative hyaluronic acid level in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt was significantly elevated compared with that in healthy dogs. Furthermore, the median postoperative hyaluronic acid level significantly decreased compared with the median preoperative levels in congenital portosystemic shunt dogs. In the case of dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt, the reduction of intrahepatic portal blood flow might lower the clearance rate of hyaluronic acid in hepatic sinusoidal endothelial cells, so hyaluronic acid clearance could be improved by attenuation of a shunt vessel. Hence, serum hyaluronic acid levels might be useful to evaluate liver function and also have the potential to evaluate successful attenuation of a shunt vessel in dogs with congenital portosystemic shunt. Further investigations are required to clarify whether serum hyaluronic acid offers significant benefits over existing markers such as serum bile acid or ammonia concentrations.

Dietary Hyaluronic Acid Migrates into the Skin of Rats

PubMed Central

Mitsugi, Koichi; Odanaka, Wataru; Seino, Satoshi; Masuda, Yasunobu

2014-01-01

Hyaluronic acid is a constituent of the skin and helps to maintain hydration. The oral intake of hyaluronic acid increases water in the horny layer as demonstrated by human trials, but in vivo kinetics has not been shown. This study confirmed the absorption, migration, and excretion of 14C-labeled hyaluronic acid (14C-hyaluronic acid). 14C-hyaluronic acid was orally or intravenously administered to male SD rats aged 7 to 8 weeks. Plasma radioactivity after oral administration showed the highest level 8 hours after administration, and orally administered 14C-hyaluronic acid was found in the blood. Approximately 90% of 14C-hyaluronic acid was absorbed from the digestive tract and used as an energy source or a structural constituent of tissues based on tests of the urine, feces, expired air, and cadaver up to 168 hours (one week) after administration. The autoradiographic results suggested that radioactivity was distributed systematically and then reduced over time. The radioactivity was higher in the skin than in the blood at 24 and 96 hours after administration. The results show the possibility that orally administered hyaluronic acid migrated into the skin. No excessive accumulation was observed and more than 90% of the hyaluronic acid was excreted in expired air or urine. PMID:25383371

Dietary hyaluronic acid migrates into the skin of rats.

PubMed

Oe, Mariko; Mitsugi, Koichi; Odanaka, Wataru; Yoshida, Hideto; Matsuoka, Ryosuke; Seino, Satoshi; Kanemitsu, Tomoyuki; Masuda, Yasunobu

2014-01-01

Hyaluronic acid is a constituent of the skin and helps to maintain hydration. The oral intake of hyaluronic acid increases water in the horny layer as demonstrated by human trials, but in vivo kinetics has not been shown. This study confirmed the absorption, migration, and excretion of (14)C-labeled hyaluronic acid ((14)C-hyaluronic acid). (14)C-hyaluronic acid was orally or intravenously administered to male SD rats aged 7 to 8 weeks. Plasma radioactivity after oral administration showed the highest level 8 hours after administration, and orally administered (14)C-hyaluronic acid was found in the blood. Approximately 90% of (14)C-hyaluronic acid was absorbed from the digestive tract and used as an energy source or a structural constituent of tissues based on tests of the urine, feces, expired air, and cadaver up to 168 hours (one week) after administration. The autoradiographic results suggested that radioactivity was distributed systematically and then reduced over time. The radioactivity was higher in the skin than in the blood at 24 and 96 hours after administration. The results show the possibility that orally administered hyaluronic acid migrated into the skin. No excessive accumulation was observed and more than 90% of the hyaluronic acid was excreted in expired air or urine.

Development of a Hydrogen Uptake-Release Mg-Based Alloy by Adding a Polymer CMC (Carboxymethylcellulose, Sodium Salt) via Reaction-Accompanying Milling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwak, Young Jun; Choi, Eunho; Song, Myoung Youp

2018-03-01

The addition of carboxymethylcellulose, sodium salt (CMC) might improve the hydrogen uptake and release properties of Mg since it has a relatively low melting point and the melting of CMC during milling in hydrogen (reaction-accompanying milling) may make the milled samples be in good states to absorb and release hydrogen rapidly and to have a large hydrogen-storage capacity. Samples with compositions of 95 w/o Mg + 5 w/o CMC (named Mg-5CMC) and 90 w/o Mg + 10 w/o CMC (named Mg-10CMC) were prepared by adding CMC via reaction-accompanying milling. Activation of Mg-10CMC was completed after about 3 hydrogen uptake-release cycles. Mg-10CMC had a higher initial hydrogen uptake rate and a larger amount of hydrogen absorbed in 60 min, U (60 min), than Mg-5CMC before and after activation. At the cycle number of three (CN = 3), Mg-10CMC had a very high initial hydrogen uptake rate (1.56 w/o H/min) and a large U (60 min) (5.57 w/o H) at 593 K in hydrogen of 12 bar, showing that the activated Mg-10CMC has an effective hydrogen-storage capacity of about 5.6 w/o at 593 K in hydrogen of 12 bar at CN = 3. At CN = 2, Mg-10CMC released 1.00 w/o H in 2.5 min, 4.67 w/o H in 10 min, and 4.76 w/o H in 60 min at 648 K in hydrogen of 1.0 bar. The milling in hydrogen of Mg with CMC is believed to generate imperfections and cracks and reduce the particle size. The addition of 10 w/o CMC was more effective on the initial hydrogen uptake rate and U (60 min) compared with the 10 w/o additions of NbF5, TaF5, Fe2O3, and MnO, and the 10 w/o simultaneous addition of Ni, Fe, and Ti. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first in which a polymer CMC is added to Mg by reaction-accompanying milling to improve the hydrogen storage properties of Mg.

The effects of combined liquid and membrane barriers in prevention of post-operative intra-abdominal adhesions after experimental jejunal anastomosis in dogs.

PubMed

el-Ghoul, W

2005-01-01

The study was carried out on 40 apparently clinical healthy dogs classified into 5 groups of 8 dogs each. Adhesion was experimentally induced by transsection and reanastomosis of jejunum. In the control group the site of anastomosis and abdominal cavity was lavaged with 250 ml saline solution. In group two lavage was done with 250 ml of a liquid barrier composed of a combination of high molecular weight solution (1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose) as a carrier, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Piroxecam), broad spectrum antibiotic (Cephalosporin), anticoagulant (Heparin) and antioxidant (0.5% methylene blue). In group three the anastomosis site was covered with a sodium hyalouronate/carboxymethylcellulose bioresorbable membrane (Seprafilm). In group four a natural biocompatible collagen sheet (VET BIO SIS T) was applied on the anastomosis site. In group five the abdominal cavity was lavaged with 250 ml liquid barrier and the anastomosis site was covered by either Seprafilm membrane or VET BIO SIS T sheet. At the fourteen day after operation, adhesion was assessed by ultrasonography after instillation of 1000 ml of physiological saline solution into the abdominal cavity. The dogs were sacrificed and an autopsy examination was carried out with the attention to the number, density and site of the adhesion formation. The results revealed that all the control dogs and some dogs in the treatment groups had positive ultrasonographic findings. Transabdominal sonogram clearly showed echogenic bands floating in the abdominal cavity and echogenic masses in more serious subjects. Necropsy examination showed that all the control dogs had intra-abdominal adhesions (8 of 8 dogs) and treatment with liquid barrier (4 of 8 dogs), seprafilm membrane barrier (3 of 8 dogs), VET BIO SIS T sheet barrier (4 of 8 dogs) and combination of fluid and membrane barrier groups (4 of 8 dogs) significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the incidence of adhesion formation. The adhesion severity in the four treated groups was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased compared with the control group as shown by both ultrasonography and necropsy examination scores. In conclusion the suggested hypothesis is more or less positive and the combined liquid and membrane barriers might be an effective way to decrease intra-abdominal adhesion formation, and the ultrasonography is a useful tool to diagnose intra-abdominal adhesion, and their applications might be valuable to the clinical settings.

Streptococcus pneumoniae Can Utilize Multiple Sources of Hyaluronic Acid for Growth

PubMed Central

Marion, Carolyn; Stewart, Jason M.; Tazi, Mia F.; Burnaugh, Amanda M.; Linke, Caroline M.; Woodiga, Shireen A.

2012-01-01

The mechanisms by which Streptococcus pneumoniae obtains carbohydrates for growth during airway colonization remain to be elucidated. The low concentration of free carbohydrates in the normal human airway suggests that pneumococci must utilize complex glycan structures for growth. The glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid is present on the apical surface of airway epithelial cells. As pneumococci express a hyaluronate lyase (Hyl) that cleaves hyaluronic acid into disaccharides, we hypothesized that during colonization pneumococci utilize the released carbohydrates for growth. Hyaluronic acid supported significant pneumococcal growth in an hyl-dependent manner. A phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (PTS) and an unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase (Ugl) encoded downstream of hyl are also essential for growth on hyaluronic acid. This genomic arrangement is present in several other organisms, suggesting conservation of the utilization mechanism between species. In vivo experiments support the hypothesis that S. pneumoniae utilizes hyaluronic acid as a carbon source during colonization. We also demonstrate that pneumococci can utilize the hyaluronic acid capsule of other bacterial species for growth, suggesting an alternative carbohydrate source for pneumococcal growth. Together, these data support a novel function for pneumococcal degradation of hyaluronic acid in vivo and provide mechanistic details of growth on this glycosaminoglycan. PMID:22311922

Effects of Hyaluronic Acid Conjugation on Anti-TNF-alpha Inhibition of Inflammation in Burns

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

Effects of hyaluronic acid conjugation on anti-TNF-α inhibition of inflammation in burns Emily E. Friedrich1, Liang Tso Sun1, Shanmugasundaram...alone, mixed with hyaluronic acid or conjugated to hyaluronic acid . We found that non-conjugated anti-TNF-α decreased macrophage infiltration to a...greater extent than that conjugated to hyaluronic acid ; however there was little effect on the degree of progression or IL-1β levels. A simple transport

Hyaluronic acid in dermatomyositis and polymyositis: relationship with disease and cutaneous lesions.

PubMed

Silva, Marilda Guimarães; Shinjo, Samuel Katsuyuki

2018-01-01

There are scarce studies in the literature about hyaluronic acid in systemic autoimmune myopathies. To analyze the serum level of hyaluronic acid in patients with dermatomyositis and polymyositis. Cross-sectional study, single-center, that evaluated hyaluronic acid in 18 dermatomyositis and 15 polymyositis (Bohan and Peter criteria), newly diagnosed, with clinical and laboratory activity, with no previous drug treatment. The patients were also age-, gender- and ethnicity-matched to 36 healthy individuals. The hyaluronic acid was analyzed by ELISA/EIA kit anti-hyaluronic acid. There was a higher serum level of hyaluronic acid in patients with autoimmune myopathies, in relation to control group (P<0.05). Moreover, the serum level of this glycosaminoglycan was higher in dermatomyositis, when compared to polymyositis. Both groups were comparable with regard to demographic, clinical and laboratory data, except for the presence of skin lesions in the first group. The presence of hyaluronic acid in cutaneous lesions, particularly of patients with dermatomyositis, was not analyzed neither quantified. In addition, due to disease rarity and the establishment of strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, there was a small sample in the present study. As an example of others systemic autoimmune diseases, it is possible that the hyaluronic acid is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune myopathies, and particularly when associated with cutaneous lesions.

Evaluation of gelatin-hyaluronic acid composite hydrogels for accelerating wound healing.

PubMed

Wu, Song; Deng, Liang; Hsia, Hanson; Xu, Kai; He, Yu; Huang, Qiangru; Peng, Yi; Zhou, Zhihua; Peng, Cheng

2017-05-01

Excellent wound dressings maintain a warm and moist environment, thus accelerating wound healing. In this study, we cross-linked gelatin and hyaluronic acid with ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride in different ratios (gelatin/hyaluronic acid = 8:2, gelatin/hyaluronic acid = 5:5, gelatin/hyaluronic acid = 2:8), and explored the effects and mechanisms of gelatinhyaluronic acid hydrogels on wound healing. This was done by examining dressing properties, such as fluid uptake ability, water vapor transmission rate, and the rate of water evaporation. We further verified biological function by using in vitro and in vivo wound models. The hydrogels display appropriate fluid uptake ability and good water vapor transmission rate and rate of water evaporation all of which can provide an adequate moisture environment for wound healing. Cell cytotoxicity and proliferation tests show that the hydrogels have no cytotoxicity, furthermore, gelatin/hyaluronic acid = 8:2 hydrogels have the potential to promote cell proliferation. Animal wound models demonstrate that the hydrogels can effectively promote wound healing in vivo, in particular, the gelatin/hyaluronic acid = 8:2 group which promoted the most rapid healing. Accordingly, gelatin-hyaluronic acid dressings, especially the gelatin/hyaluronic acid = 8:2 hydrogels, have a promising outlook for clinical applications in wound healing.

Age-related changes in cyclic phosphatidic acid-induced hyaluronic acid synthesis in human fibroblasts.

PubMed

Sano, Katsura; Gotoh, Mari; Dodo, Kyoko; Tajima, Noriaki; Shimizu, Yoshibumi; Murakami-Murofushi, Kimiko

2018-01-01

Hyaluronic acid is a major component of the extracellular matrix, which is important for skin hydration. As aging brings skin dehydration, we aimed to clarify the mRNA expression of hyaluronic acid-related proteins in human skin fibroblasts from donors of various ages (range 0.7-69 years). Previously, we reported that cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA), a unique phospholipid mediator, stimulated the expression of HAS2 and increased hyaluronic acid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts (donor age: 3 days). In this study, we measured the mRNA expression of hyaluronic acid-related proteins: hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 1-3, hyaluronidase-1, -2, and hyaluronic acid-binding protein (versican). In addition, we tested whether cPA could increase hyaluronic acid synthesis in skin fibroblasts derived from donors of various ages. The expression of HAS1, 3, hyaluronidase-1, and -2 did not change with aging. However, the mRNA expression of versican decreased with aging. Although it is thought that the amount of hyaluronic acid in the dermis decreases with aging, the mRNA expression of HAS2 was increased. But the amount of hyaluronic acid secreted by fibroblasts did not increase with aging. This suggests that the activity and/or protein expression of HAS2 decrease with aging. Furthermore, we observed that cPA caused the increase of hyaluronic acid synthesis at any age, and this effect was increased with aging. These results suggest that aging made the fibroblasts more sensitive to cPA treatment. Therefore, cPA represents a suitable candidate for the health maintenance and improvement of the skin by increasing the level of hyaluronic acid in the dermis.

Production and characterization of hyaluronic acid microparticles for the controlled delivery of growth factors using a spray/dehydration method.

PubMed

Babo, Pedro S; Reis, Rui L; Gomes, Manuela E

2016-11-01

Hyaluronic acid is the main polysaccharide present in the connective tissue. Besides its structural function as backbone of the extracellular matrix, hyaluronic acid plays staple roles in several biological processes including the modulation of inflammation and wound healing processes. The application of hyaluronic acid in regenerative medicine, either as cells and/or drug/growth factors delivery vehicles, relies on its ability to be cross-linked using a plethora of reactions, producing stable hydrogels. In this work, we propose a novel method for the production of hyaluronic acid microparticles that presents several advantages over others that have been used. Basically, droplets of hyaluronic acid solution produced with a nozzle are collected in an isopropanol dehydration bath, and stabilized after crosslinking with adipic acid dihydrazide, using a cabodiimide-based chemistry. The size and morphology of the hyaluronic acid microparticles produced by this method varied with the molecular weight and concentration of the hyaluronic acid solution, the nozzle chamber pressure, the distance between the nozzle and the crosslinking solution, and the number of crosslinking steps. The degree of crosslinking of the hyaluronic acid microparticles produced was tunable and allowed to control the rate of the degradation promoted by hyaluronidase. Moreover, the particles were loaded with platelet lysate, a hemoderivative rich in cytokines with interest for regenerative medicine applications. The hyaluronic acid microparticles showed potential to bind selectively to positively charged molecules, as the factors present in the platelet lysate. It is envisioned that these can be further released in a sustained manner by ion exchange or by the degradation of the hyaluronic acid microparticles matrix promoted by extracellular matrix remodeling. © The Author(s) 2016.

Chitosan-co-Hyaluronic acid porous cryogels and their application in tissue engineering.

PubMed

Kutlusoy, Tuğçe; Oktay, Burcu; Apohan, Nilhan Kayaman; Süleymanoğlu, Mediha; Kuruca, Serap Erdem

2017-10-01

In this work, the usability of chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels as a tissue-engineering scaffold was investigated. Chitosan-co-hyaluronic acid cryogels were synthesized at subzero temperature. Cryogels which were composed of various compositions of chitosan and hyaluronic acid (0, 10, 20, 30 and 50wt% hyaluronic acid) was prepared. Morphological studies showed that the macroporous cryogels have been developed with 90-95% porosity. Particularly, the mechanical and biomaterial property of pure chitosan was improved by making copolymer with hyaluronic acid in different concentration. The MTT cell viability results demonstrated that the cryogels have no significant cytotoxicity effect on 3T3 fibroblast and SAOS-2 cells. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structure and dynamics of hyaluronic acid semidilute solutions: a dielectric spectroscopy study.

PubMed

Vuletić, T; Dolanski Babić, S; Ivek, T; Grgicin, D; Tomić, S; Podgornik, R

2010-07-01

Dielectric spectroscopy is used to investigate fundamental length scales describing the structure of hyaluronic acid sodium salt (Na-HA) semidilute aqueous solutions. In salt-free regime, the length scale of the relaxation mode detected in MHz range scales with HA concentration as c(HA)(-0.5) and corresponds to the de Gennes-Pfeuty-Dobrynin correlation length of polyelectrolytes in semidilute solution. The same scaling was observed for the case of long, genomic DNA. Conversely, the length scale of the mode detected in kilohertz range also varies with HA concentration as c(HA)(-0.5) which differs from the case of DNA (c(DNA)(-0.25)). The observed behavior suggests that the relaxation in the kilohertz range reveals the de Gennes-Dobrynin renormalized Debye screening length, and not the average size of the chain, as the pertinent length scale. Similarly, with increasing added salt the electrostatic contribution to the HA persistence length is observed to scale as the Debye length, contrary to scaling pertinent to the Odijk-Skolnick-Fixman electrostatic persistence length observed in the case of DNA. We argue that the observed features of the kilohertz range relaxation are due to much weaker electrostatic interactions that lead to the absence of Manning condensation as well as a rather high flexibility of HA as compared to DNA.

Regular and irregular deswelling of polyacrylate and hyaluronate gels induced by oppositely charged surfactants.

PubMed

Nilsson, Peter; Hansson, Per

2008-09-15

The deswelling kinetics of macroscopic polyacrylate (PA) gels in solutions of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(12)TAB) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (C(16)TAB), with and without added sodium bromide, as well as hyaluronate (HA) gels in solutions of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) are investigated. Additional data are also provided by small-angle X-ray scattering and microgel experiments. The purpose is to study the deswelling behavior of (1) regularly deswelling gels, for which the deswelling is successfully described using a core/shell model earlier employed for microgels, and (2) irregularly deswelling gels, where the gel turns into a balloon-like structure with a dense outer layer surrounding a liquid-filled core. For regularly deswelling gels, the deswelling of PA/C(12)TAB is found to be controlled by diffusion through both stagnant layer and collapsed surface phase, while for PA/C(16)TAB it is found to be controlled mainly by the latter. The difference in deswelling rate between the two is found to correspond to the difference in surfactant diffusion coefficient in the surface phase. Factors found to promote irregular deswelling, described as balloon formation, are rapid surfactant binding, high bromide and surfactant concentration, longer surfactant chain length, and macroscopic gel size. Scattering data indicating a cubic structure for HA/CPC complexes are reported.

Ionic Driven Embedment of Hyaluronic Acid Coated Liposomes in Polyelectrolyte Multilayer Films for Local Therapeutic Delivery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayward, Stephen L.; Francis, David M.; Sis, Matthew J.; Kidambi, Srivatsan

2015-10-01

The ability to control the spatial distribution and temporal release of a therapeutic remains a central challenge for biomedical research. Here, we report the development and optimization of a novel substrate mediated therapeutic delivery system comprising of hyaluronic acid covalently functionalized liposomes (HALNPs) embedded into polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) platform via ionic stabilization. The PEM platform was constructed from sequential deposition of Poly-L-Lysine (PLL) and Poly(Sodium styrene sulfonate) (SPS) “(PLL/SPS)4.5” followed by adsorption of anionic HALNPs. An adsorption affinity assay and saturation curve illustrated the preferential HALNP deposition density for precise therapeutic loading. (PLL/SPS)2.5 capping layer on top of the deposited HALNP monolayer further facilitated complete nanoparticle immobilization, cell adhesion, and provided nanoparticle confinement for controlled linear release profiles of the nanocarrier and encapsulated cargo. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the successful embedment of a translatable lipid based nanocarrier into a substrate that allows for temporal and spatial release of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. Specifically, we have utilized our platform to deliver chemotherapeutic drug Doxorubicin from PEM confined HALNPs. Overall, we believe the development of our HALNP embedded PEM system is significant and will catalyze the usage of substrate mediated delivery platforms in biomedical applications.

Polyethyleneimine modified poly(Hyaluronic acid) particles with controllable antimicrobial and anticancer effects.

PubMed

Sahiner, Nurettin; Sagbas, Selin; Sahiner, Mehtap; Ayyala, Ramesh S

2017-03-01

Poly(hyaluronic acid) (p(HA)) particles with sizes from few hundred nm to few tens of micrometer were synthesized by using epoxy groups containing crosslinker glycerol diglycidyl ether (GDE) with high yield, 94±5%. P(HA) particles were oxidized by treatment with sodium periodate and then reacted with cationic polyethyleneimine (PEI) at 1:0.5, 1:1, and 1:2 wt ratio of p(HA):PEI to obtain p(HA)-PEI particles. From zeta potential measurements, isoelectronic points of bare p(HA) particles increased to pH 8.7 from 2.7 after modification with cationic PEI. New properties, such as antibacterial property, were attained for p(HA)-PEI after modification. The highest minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values were 0.5, 1, and 0.5mg/mL against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis species for 1:0.5 ratio of p(HA)-PEI at 72h incubation time. Moreover, the p(HA)-PEI particles were found to be biocompatible with L929 fibroblast cells, and interestingly, p(HA)-PEI particles were found to inhibit MDA-MB-231 breast and H1299 cancer cell growth depending on amount of PEI in p(HA)-PEI particles. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Optimization of hyaluronic acid production and its cytotoxicity and degradability characteristics.

PubMed

Gedikli, Serap; Güngör, Gökhan; Toptaş, Yağmur; Sezgin, Dilber Ece; Demirbilek, Murat; Yazıhan, Nuray; Aytar Çelik, Pınar; Denkbaş, Emir Baki; Bütün, Vural; Çabuk, Ahmet

2018-06-14

In the present study, culture conditions of Streptococcus equi was optimized through Box-Behnken experimental design for hyaluronic acid production. About 0.87 gL -1 of hyaluronic acid was produced under the determined conditions and optimal conditions were found as 38.42 °C, 24 hr and 250 rpm. The validity and practicability of this statistical optimization strategy were confirmed relation between predicted and experimental values. The hyaluronic acid obtained under optimal conditions was characterized. The effects of different conditions such as ultraviolet light, temperature and enzymatic degradation on hyaluronic acid produced under optimal conditions were determined. 118 °C for 32 min of autoclaved HA sample included 63.09 µg mL -1 of d-glucuronic acid, which is about two-fold of enzymatic effect. Cytotoxicity of hyaluronic acid on human dermal cells (HUVEC, HaCaT), L929 and THP-1 cells was studied. In vitro effect on pro or anti-inflammatory cytokine release of THP-1 cells was determined. Although it varies depending on the concentration, cytotoxicity of hyaluronic acid is between 5 and 30%. However, it varies depending on the concentration of hyaluronic acid, TNF-α release was not much increased compared to control study. Consequently, purification procedure is necessary to develop and it is worth developing the bacterial hyaluronic acid.

Hyaluronic Acid Surface Modified Liposomes Prepared via Orthogonal Aminoxy Coupling: Synthesis of Nontoxic Aminoxylipids Based on Symmetrically α-Branched Fatty Acids, Preparation of Liposomes by Microfluidic Mixing, and Targeting to Cancer Cells Expressing CD44.

PubMed

Bartheldyová, Eliška; Effenberg, Roman; Mašek, Josef; Procházka, Lubomír; Knötigová, Pavlína Turánek; Kulich, Pavel; Hubatka, František; Velínská, Kamila; Zelníčková, Jaroslava; Zouharová, Darina; Fojtíková, Martina; Hrebík, Dominik; Plevka, Pavel; Mikulík, Robert; Miller, Andrew D; Macaulay, Stuart; Zyka, Daniel; Drož, Ladislav; Raška, Milan; Ledvina, Miroslav; Turánek, Jaroslav

2018-06-25

New synthetic aminoxy lipids are designed and synthesized as building blocks for the formulation of functionalized nanoliposomes by microfluidization using a NanoAssemblr. Orthogonal binding of hyaluronic acid onto the outer surface of functionalized nanoliposomes via aminoxy coupling ( N-oxy ligation) is achieved at hemiacetal function of hyaluronic acid and the structure of hyaluronic acid-liposomes is visualized by transmission electron microscopy and cryotransmission electron microscopy. Observed structures are in a good correlation with data obtained by dynamic light scattering (size and ζ-potential). In vitro experiments on cell lines expressing CD44 receptors demonstrate selective internalization of fluorochrome-labeled hyaluronic acid-liposomes, while cells with down regulated CD44 receptor levels exhibit very low internalization of hyaluronic acid-liposomes. A method based on microfluidization mixing was developed for preparation of monodispersive unilamellar liposomes containing aminoxy lipids and orthogonal binding of hyaluronic acid onto the liposomal surface was demonstrated. These hyaluronic acid-liposomes represent a potentially new drug delivery platform for CD44-targeted anticancer drugs as well as for immunotherapeutics and vaccines.

Hyaluronic acid for post sinus surgery care: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Fong, E; Garcia, M; Woods, C M; Ooi, E

2017-01-01

Wound healing after endoscopic sinus surgery may result in adhesion formation. Hyaluronic acid may prevent synechiae development. A systematic review was performed to evaluate the current evidence on the clinical efficacy of hyaluronic acid applied to the nasal cavity after sinus surgery. Studies using hyaluronic acid as an adjunct treatment following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis were identified. The primary outcome was adhesion formation rates. A meta-analysis was performed on adhesion event frequency. Secondary outcome measures included other endoscopic findings and patient-reported outcomes. Thirteen studies (501 patients) met the selection criteria. A meta-analysis of adhesion formation frequency on endoscopy demonstrated a lower risk ratio in the hyaluronic acid intervention group (42 out of 283 cases) compared to the control group (81 out of 282) of 0.52 (95 per cent confidence interval = 0.37-0.72). Hyaluronic acid use was not associated with any significant adverse events. Hyaluronic acid appears to be clinically safe and well tolerated, and may be useful in the early stages after sinus surgery to limit adhesion rate. Further research, including larger randomised controlled trials, is required to evaluate patient- and clinician-reported outcomes of hyaluronic acid post sinus surgery.

Analysis of hyaluronic acid concentration in rat vocal folds during estral and gravidic puerperal cycles.

PubMed

Pedroso, José Eduardo de Sá; Brasil, Osíris Camponês do; Martins, João Roberto Maciel; Nader, Helena Bociane; Simões, Manuel de Jesus

2009-01-01

Hormone plays an important role in the larynx. Among other substances, vocal folds contain hyaluronic acid, which tissue concentration may vary according to hormone action. the objective of this study is to analyze hyaluronic acid concentration in the vocal folds during estral and gravidic-puerperal cycles. Experimental study. 40 adult rats were divided into two groups. In the first group we used 20 rats to establish the concentration of hyaluronic acid during the estral cycle and in the second group, 20 animals were submitted to the same procedure but during the gravidic-puerperal cycle. Variations in hyaluronic acid concentration was not observed during the estral cycle. In the gravidic puerperal cycle group, an increase in hyaluronic acid concentration was observed in the puerperal subgroup. Comparing the two groups of estral and gravidic-puerperal cycles, no difference was observed. In comparing all subgroups of estral and gravidic-puerperal cycles, an increase in hyaluronic acid concentration was noticed only in the puerperal phase.

Efficacy and durability of hyaluronic acid fillers for malar enhancement: A prospective, randomized, split-face clinical controlled trial.

PubMed

Jeong, Ki Heon; Gwak, Min Jae; Moon, Sung Kyung; Lee, Sang Jun; Shin, Min Kyung

2018-06-01

Various hyaluronic acid fillers can be used for facial attenuation and rejuvenation. The efficacy and durability of hyaluronic acid fillers are of major concern to dermatologists and patients. This study aimed to evaluate three-dimensional morphology, tissue distribution, and changes in volume after injection of two different hyaluronic acid fillers. Ten Korean women were enrolled in this study. Each subject was injected with monophasic hyaluronic acid filler in one malar area and biphasic filler in the other. Clinical outcome was measured before and after injection, and after 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24 weeks, using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale, photographs and Moire's topography. Facial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed twice over six months. Both products showed good results after injection and demonstrated good durability over time. MRI was a useful modality for assessing tissue distribution and volume changes. The effects and durability after injection of monophasic hyaluronic acid filler and biphasic hyaluronic acid filler are generally comparable.

Effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in post-tonsillectomy pain relief and wound healing: a prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical study.

PubMed

Hancı, Deniz; Altun, Huseyin

2015-09-01

To find the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in post-tonsillectomy pain relief and wound healing. Fifty patients were included in this prospective, double-blind, controlled clinical study (20 males, 30 females mean age of 13.56 years). Hyaluronic acid was applied to one side and the other side was used as a control during tonsillectomy. Therefore, the same patient evaluated and scored the post-tonsillectomy pain, excluding individual bias. Results indicated that patients had significantly lower pain scores for hyaluronic acid treated side (p<0.001). At the end of two weeks follow-up period, the wound in the hyaluronic acid side was almost completely healed, indicating that the healing was faster with hyaluronic acid compared to control side (p<0.001). Hyaluronic acid could be recommended as an effective treatment for the management of post-tonsillectomy pain and wound healing. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Determination of the presence of hyaluronic acid in preparations containing amino acids: the molecular weight characterization.

PubMed

Bellomaria, A; Nepravishta, R; Mazzanti, U; Marchetti, M; Piccioli, P; Paci, M

2014-10-15

Several pharmaceutical preparations contain hyaluronic acid in the presence of a large variety of low molecular weight charged molecules like amino acids. In these mixtures, it is particularly difficult to determine the concentration and the molecular weight of the hyaluronic acid fragments. In fact zwitterionic compounds in high concentration behave by masking the hyaluronic acid due to the electrostatic interactions between amino acids and hyaluronic acid. In such conditions the common colorimetric test of the hyaluronic acid determination appears ineffective and in the (1)H NMR spectra the peaks of the polymer disappear completely. By a simple separation procedure the presence of hyaluronic acid was revealed by the DMAB test and (1)H NMR while its average molecular weight in the final product was determined by DOSY NMR spectroscopy alone. The latter determination is very important due to the healthy effects of some sizes of this polymer's fragments. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hyaluronic Acid: A Boon in Periodontal Therapy

PubMed Central

Dahiya, Parveen; Kamal, Reet

2013-01-01

Hyaluronic acid is a naturally occurring linear polysaccharide of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, synovial fluid, and other tissues. Its use in the treatment of the inflammatory process is established in medical areas such as orthopedics, dermatology, and ophthalmology. The Pubmed/Medline database was searched for keywords “Hyaluronic acid and periodontal disease” and “Hyaluronic acid and gingivitis” which resulted in 89 and 22 articles respectively. Only highly relevant articles from electronic and manual search in English literature were selected for the present review article. In the field of dentistry, hyaluronic acid has shown anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial effects in the treatment of periodontal diseases. Due to its tissue healing properties, it could be used as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in the treatment of periodontitis. Further studies are required to determine the clinical efficacy of hyaluronic acid in healing of periodontal lesion. The aim of the present review, article is to discuss the role of hyaluronic acid in periodontal therapy. PMID:23814761

A membrane-associated adenylate cyclase modulates lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase activities required for bull sperm capacitation induced by hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Fernández, Silvina; Córdoba, Mariana

2017-04-01

Hyaluronic acid, as well as heparin, is a glycosaminoglycan present in the female genital tract of cattle. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidative metabolism and intracellular signals mediated by a membrane-associated adenylate cyclase (mAC), in sperm capacitation with hyaluronic acid and heparin, in cryopreserved bull sperm. The mAC inhibitor, 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine, was used in the present study. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and lactate concentration were determined spectrophotometrically in the incubation medium. Capacitation and acrosome reaction were evaluated by chlortetracycline technique, while plasma membrane and acrosome integrity were determined by trypan blue stain/differential interference contrast microscopy. Heparin capacitated samples had a significant decrease in LDH and CK activities, while in hyaluronic acid capacitated samples LDH and CK activities both increased compared to control samples, in heparin and hyaluronic acid capacitation conditions, respectively. A significant increase in lactate concentration in the incubation medium occurred in hyaluronic acid-treated sperm samples compared to heparin treatment, indicating this energetic metabolite is produced during capacitation. The LDH and CK enzyme activities and lactate concentrations in the incubation medium were decreased with 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine treatment in hyaluronic acid samples. The mAC inhibitor significantly inhibited heparin-induced capacitation of sperm cells, but did not completely inhibit hyaluronic acid capacitation. Therefore, hyaluronic acid and heparin are physiological glycosaminoglycans capable of inducing in vitro capacitation in cryopreserved bull sperm, stimulating different enzymatic pathways and intracellular signals modulated by a mAC. Hyaluronic acid induces sperm capacitation involving LDH and CK activities, thereby reducing oxidative metabolism, and this process is mediated by mAC. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Carbon dioxide therapy and hyaluronic acid for cosmetic correction of the nasolabial folds.

PubMed

Nisi, Giuseppe; Cuomo, Roberto; Brandi, Cesare; Grimaldi, Luca; Sisti, Andrea; D'Aniello, Carlo

2016-06-01

The main application of hyaluronic acid filling, in esthetic medicine, is the augmentation of soft tissues. The carbon dioxide therapy, instead, improves quality and elasticity of the dermis and increases the oxygen release to the tissue through an enhancing of the Bohr's effect. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy, tolerability, and effect duration of hyaluronic acid fillers and the use of carbon dioxide therapy plus hyaluronic acid in the cosmetic correction of nasolabial folds. Forty healthy female patients received a blinded and randomized treatment on nasolabial folds (hyaluronic acid in group A and hyaluronic acid plus subcutaneous injections of carbon dioxide in group B) for cosmetic correction of the nasolabial folds. The results were evaluated by two blinded plastic surgeons after the implant (1 week, 4 and 6 months) using a 1-5 graduated scale (GAIS), and at the same time, each patient was asked to express her opinion about the cosmetic result. Any long-term adverse reaction was reported. The blinded evaluation at 4 and 6 months from the implant shows in all patients a maintenance of a good cosmetic result higher for the side treated with carbon dioxide therapy plus hyaluronic acid. At the control visit, 6 months after the treatment, the patients treated with hyaluronic acid plus carbon dioxide therapy maintain a satisfactory esthetic result while the nasolabial fold treated only with hyaluronic acid shows, in almost all patients, a come back to pretreatment appearance. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hyaluronic acid concentration in liver diseases.

PubMed

Gudowska, Monika; Gruszewska, Ewa; Panasiuk, Anatol; Cylwik, Bogdan; Flisiak, Robert; Świderska, Magdalena; Szmitkowski, Maciej; Chrostek, Lech

2016-11-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of liver diseases of different etiologies and clinical severity of liver cirrhosis on the serum level of hyaluronic acid. The results were compared with noninvasive markers of liver fibrosis: APRI, GAPRI, HAPRI, FIB-4 and Forn's index. Serum samples were obtained from 20 healthy volunteers and patients suffering from alcoholic cirrhosis (AC)-57 patients, non-alcoholic cirrhosis (NAC)-30 and toxic hepatitis (HT)-22. Cirrhotic patients were classified according to Child-Pugh score. Hyaluronic acid concentration was measured by the immunochemical method. Non-patented indicators were calculated using special formulas. The mean serum hyaluronic acid concentration was significantly higher in AC, NAC and HT group in comparison with the control group. There were significant differences in the serum hyaluronic acid levels between liver diseases, and in AC they were significantly higher than those in NAC and HT group. The serum hyaluronic acid level differs significantly due to the severity of cirrhosis and was the highest in Child-Pugh class C. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values and the area under the ROC curve for hyaluronic acid and all non-patented algorithms were high and similar to each other. We conclude that the concentration of hyaluronic acid changes in liver diseases and is affected by the severity of liver cirrhosis. Serum hyaluronic acid should be considered as a good marker for noninvasive diagnosis of liver damage, but the combination of markers is more useful.

Fibroblast populated collagen lattices exhibit opposite biophysical conditions by fibrin or hyaluronic acid supplementation.

PubMed

Chopin-Doroteo, Mario; Salgado-Curiel, Rosa M; Pérez-González, José; Marín-Santibáñez, Benjamín M; Krötzsch, Edgar

2018-06-01

Fibrin and hyaluronic acid are important components of the provisional wound matrix. Through interactions with fibroblasts, they provide biophysical cues that regulate the viscoelastic properties of the extracellular matrix. To understand the roles of fibrin and hyaluronic acid in a collagenous environment, we used fibroblast populated collagen lattices (collagen, collagen-fibrin, and collagen-hyaluronic acid). Compared with collagen and collagen-hyaluronic acid cultures, collagen-fibrin cultures showed less contraction, which is correlated with increased elastic (G') and complex (|G*|) moduli, and reduced proportions of dendritic fibroblasts, despite increased αv integrin expression. Stiffness decreased during culture in collagen-fibrin environment, meanwhile phase shift (δ) values increased, clearly associated with the rise in fibrinolytic and gelatinolytic activities. These processes changed the viscoelastic properties of the system toward G' and |G*| values observed on day 5 in collagen cultures. Although less collagen turnover was observed in collagen-fibrin cultures than in collagen and collagen-hyaluronic acid cultures, collagen neosynthesis was apparently insufficient to contribute to the overall viscoelastic properties of the system. Collagen-hyaluronic acid cultures showed very limited changes during time. Firstly, they exhibited the highest δ values, suggesting an increase in the viscous behavior due to the hygroscopic properties of hyaluronic acid. These results showed that fibrin and hyaluronic acid not only affect differently the viscoelastic properties of the culture, they can tune fibroblastic activity by regulating cell attachment and extracellular matrix remodeling. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of a Novel Artificial Tear in the Prevention and Treatment of Dry Eye in an Animal Model.

PubMed

She, Yujing; Li, Jinyang; Xiao, Bing; Lu, Huihui; Liu, Haixia; Simmons, Peter A; Vehige, Joseph G; Chen, Wei

2015-11-01

To evaluate effects of a novel multi-ingredient artificial tear formulation containing carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hyaluronic acid (HA) in a murine dry eye model. Dry eye was induced in mice (C57BL/6) using an intelligently controlled environmental system (ICES). CMC+HA (Optive Fusion™), CMC-only (Refresh Tears(®)), and HA-only (Hycosan(®)) artificial tears and control phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were administered 4 times daily and compared with no treatment (n = 64 eyes per group). During regimen 1 (prevention regimen), mice were administered artificial tears or PBS for 14 days (starting day 0) while they were exposed to ICES, and assessed on days 0 and 14. During regimen 2 (treatment regimen), mice exposed to ICES for 14 days with no intervention were administered artificial tears or PBS for 14 days (starting day 14) while continuing exposure to ICES, and assessed on days 0, 14, and 28. Corneal fluorescein staining and conjunctival goblet cell density were measured. Artificial tear-treated mice had significantly better outcomes than control groups on corneal staining and goblet cell density (P < 0.01). Mice administered CMC+HA also showed significantly lower corneal fluorescein staining and higher goblet cell density, compared with CMC (P < 0.01) and HA (P < 0.05) in both regimens 1 and 2. The artificial tear formulation containing CMC and HA was effective in preventing and treating environmentally induced dry eye. Improvements observed for corneal fluorescein staining and conjunctival goblet cell retention suggest that this combination may be a viable treatment option for dry eye disease.

Biohydrogels with magnetic nanoparticles as crosslinker: characteristics and potential use for controlled antitumor drug-delivery.

PubMed

Barbucci, Rolando; Giani, Gabriele; Fedi, Serena; Bottari, Severino; Casolaro, Mario

2012-12-01

Hybrid magnetic hydrogels are of interest for applications in biomedical science as controlled drug-delivery systems. We have developed a strategy to obtain novel hybrid hydrogels with magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) of CoFe(2)O(3) and Fe(3)O(4) as crosslinker agents of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or hyaluronic acid (HYAL) polymers and we have tested these systems for controlled doxorubicin release. The magnetic NPs are functionalized with (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS) in order to introduce amino groups on the surface. The amino coating is determined and quantified by standard Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy methods, and by cyclic voltammetry, a novel approach that permits us to look at the solution properties of the functionalized NPs. The gel formation involves the creation of an amide bond between the carboxylic groups of CMC or HYAL and the amine groups of functionalized NPs, which work as crosslinking agents of the polymer chains. The hybrid hydrogels are chemically and morphologically characterized. The rheological and the water uptake properties of the hydrogels are also investigated. Under the application of an alternating magnetic field, the CMC-HYAL hybrid hydrogel previously loaded with doxorubicin shows a drug release greater than that showed by the CMC-HYAL hydrogel crosslinked with 1,3-diaminopropane. In conclusion, the presence of magnetic NPs makes the synthesized hybrid hydrogels suitable for application as a drug-delivery system by means of alternating magnetic fields. Copyright © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Physico-chemical characteristics and sensory evaluation of wheat bread partially substituted with banana (Musa acuminata X balbisiana cv. Awak) pseudo-stem flour.

PubMed

Ho, Lee-Hoon; Abdul Aziz, Noor Aziah; Azahari, Baharin

2013-08-15

The physico-chemical and sensorial properties of the control (BCtr), commercial wheat flour (CWF) bread substituted with 10% BPF (banana pseudo-stem flour) (B10BPF) and B10BPF with added 0.8% w/w (flour weight basis) xanthan gum (XG) or sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) (B10BPFXG and B10BPFCMC, respectively) were examined. The proximate analyses revealed that the composite bread had significantly higher moisture, ash, crude fibre, soluble, insoluble and total dietary fibre contents but lower protein, fat and carbohydrate contents than the BCtr. Bread incorporated with BPF resulted in a lower volume, darker crumb and lighter crust colour than the BCtr. The addition of CMC improved the bread volume. All breads containing BPF had greater total phenolics, and antioxidant properties than the control bread. Sensory evaluation indicated that the B10BPFCMC bread had the highest acceptability. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Bio-Based Artificial Nacre with Excellent Mechanical and Barrier Properties Realized by a Facile In Situ Reduction and Cross-Linking Reaction.

PubMed

Shahzadi, Kiran; Mohsin, Imran; Wu, Lin; Ge, Xuesong; Jiang, Yijun; Li, Hui; Mu, Xindong

2017-01-24

Demands for high strength integrated materials have substantially increased across various kinds of industries. Inspired by the relationship of excellent integration of mechanical properties and hierarchical nano/microscale structure of the natural nacre, a simple and facile method to fabricate high strength integrated artificial nacre based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and borate cross-linked graphene oxide (GO) sheets has been developed. The tensile strength and toughness of cellulose-based hybrid material reached 480.5 ± 13.1 MPa and 11.8 ± 0.4 MJm -3 by a facile in situ reduction and cross-linking reaction between CMC and GO (0.7%), which are 3.55 and 6.55 times that of natural nacre. This hybrid film exhibits better thermal stability and flame retardancy. More interestingly, the hybrid material showed good water stability compared to that in the original water-soluble CMC. This type of hybrid has great potential applications in aerospace, artificial muscle, and tissue engineering.

Fabrication and characterization of tea polyphenols loaded pullulan-CMC electrospun nanofiber for fruit preservation.

PubMed

Shao, Ping; Niu, Ben; Chen, Hangjun; Sun, Peilong

2018-02-01

Edible packaging films using polymer for food preservation have been developed for a long time. In this study, the effects of different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, w/v) of tea polyphenols incorporated into pullulan-Carboxymethylcellulose sodium (Pul-CMC) solutions on electrospun nanofiber films were evaluated. The fiber size distribution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy. The morphological features of nanofibers were modulated through adjusting process parameters (e.g. concentration of polymer solution, applied voltage and feeding rate). Increasing the applied voltage from 19 to 21kV and the feed rate from 0.36 to 0.6mL/h leads to a reduction in mean fiber diameter. Fruit packaging potential was evaluated using strawberry. The pullulan-CMC-TP nanofibers significantly decreased weight loss and maintained the firmness of the strawberries, and improved the quality of the fruit during storage. The findings demonstrate a facile packaging route to improve food sustainability and reduce waste. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of organic additives on characteristics of carbon-coated LiCoPO4 synthesized by hydrothermal method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maeyoshi, Yuta; Miyamoto, Shohei; Noda, Yusaku; Munakata, Hirokazu; Kanamura, Kiyoshi

2017-01-01

Carbon-coated LiCoPO4 particles are synthesized by one-pot hydrothermal process using three different organic additives (carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (CMC), glucose, and ascorbic acid). The effect of the organic additives on particle size, morphology, nature of carbon coating, and electrochemical property of the resulting LiCoPO4 is investigated. CMC plays important roles to decrease the particle size and form well-covered carbon coating on the surface. Carbon-coated LiCoPO4 prepared using CMC delivers higher initial discharge capacity of 135 mA h g-1 at 0.1 C, and shows superior rate capability and cyclic performance than the other samples. The improved electrochemical characteristics are attributed to not only the fine particle which allows facile electronic and ionic transport, but also the high coverage of carbon coating which improves the electrical conductivity and prevents the irreversible reactions of the charged LiCoPO4 with electrolyte.

Ondansetron: design and development of oral pharmaceutical suspensions.

PubMed

Gallardo Lara, V; Gallardo, M Lopez-Viota; Morales Hernandez, Ma E; Ruiz Martinez, Ma A

2009-02-01

Ondansetron is a carbazol with antiemetic properties that acts as a competitive and selective antagonist for the 5 HT3 serotonin receptors. It is used primarily to control nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy and radiotherapy, as well as in postoperative vomiting in gynecological surgery. The main aim of this work was to obtain a stable, long-acting oral suspension of ondansetron. To prolong the action, latexes are used as transport vehicles, specifically we tested, Aquateric, which comprises mainly cellulose acetophthalate. We prepared a complex drug-polymer, and the release profile of ondansetron was evaluated at acid, basic and acid-basic pH. This complex is additioned to a vehicle with xanthan gum and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa) as thickeners to retard as much as possible particle sedimentation and thus increase physical stability of the suspension. The results obtained for sediment volume and degree of flocculation suggest that xanthan gum provides the best results, with better organolepticcharacteristics, appearance, physical stability and easy redispersability.

3D-printed membrane for guided tissue regeneration.

PubMed

Tayebi, Lobat; Rasoulianboroujeni, Morteza; Moharamzadeh, Keyvan; Almela, Thafar K D; Cui, Zhanfeng; Ye, Hua

2018-03-01

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is currently being intensely studied for a diverse set of applications, including the development of bioengineered tissues, as well as the production of functional biomedical materials and devices for dental and orthopedic applications. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize a 3D-printed hybrid construct that can be potentially suitable for guided tissue regeneration (GTR). For this purpose, the rheology analyses have been performed on different bioinks and a specific solution comprising 8% gelatin, 2% elastin and 0.5% sodium hyaluronate has been selected as the most suitable composition for printing a structured membrane for GTR application. Each membrane is composed of 6 layers with strand angles from the first layer to the last layer of 45, 135, 0, 90, 0 and 90°. Confirmed by 3D Laser Measuring imaging, the membrane has small pores on one side and large pores on the other to be able to accommodate different cells like osteoblasts, fibroblasts and keratinocytes on different sides. The ultimate cross-linked product is a 150μm thick flexible and bendable membrane with easy surgical handling. Static and dynamic mechanical testing revealed static tensile modules of 1.95±0.55MPa and a dynamic tensile storage modulus of 314±50kPa. Through seeding the membranes with fibroblast and keratinocyte cells, the results of in vitro tests, including histological analysis, tissue viability examinations and DAPI staining, indicated that the membrane has desirable in vitro biocompatibility. The membrane has demonstrated the barrier function of a GTR membrane by thorough separation of the oral epithelial layer from the underlying tissues. In conclusion, we have characterized a biocompatible and bio-resorbable 3D-printed structured gelatin/elastin/sodium hyaluronate membrane with optimal biostability, mechanical strength and surgical handling characteristics in terms of suturability for potential application in GTR procedures. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of 0.3% Hypotonic and Isotonic Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops in the Treatment of Experimental Dry Eye.

PubMed

Li, Ying; Cui, Lian; Lee, Hyo Seok; Kang, Yeon Soo; Choi, Won; Yoon, Kyung Chul

2017-08-01

To compare the efficacy of 0.3% hypotonic and isotonic sodium hyaluronate (SH) eye drops in the treatment of experimental dry eye. Experimental dry eye was established in female C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous scopolamine injection and an air draft. The mice were divided into three groups (n = 15): control, preservative-free 0.3% isotonic SH, and preservative-free 0.3% hypotonic SH. The tear volume, tear film break-up time, and corneal fluorescein staining scores were measured 5 and 10 days after treatment. After conjunctival tissues were excised at 10 days, the levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17, interferon (IFN)-γ, and IFN-γ inducible protein-10 were determined using the multiplex immunobead assay. In addition, PAS staining and flow cytometry were performed to evaluate the counts of conjunctival goblet cells and CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cells. Mice treated with 0.3% hypotonic SH showed a significant decrease in corneal staining scores (P = 0.04) and the levels of IL-6 (16.7 ± 1.4 pg/mL, P = 0.02) and IFN-γ (46.5 ± 11.5 pg/mL, P = 0.02) compared to mice treated with 0.3% isotonic SH (IL-6; 32.5 ± 8.8 pg/mL, IFN-γ; 92.0 ± 16.0 pg/mL) at day 10. Although no significant difference in CD4+ IFN-γ+ T cell numbers was observed, goblet cell counts were higher in the hyopotonic SH group than in the isotonic SH group (P = 0.02). When compared to 0.3% isotonic SH eye drops, 0.3% hypotonic SH eye drops can be more effective by improving corneal staining scores, decreasing inflammatory molecules, and increasing goblet cell counts for experimental dry eye. These data suggest that hypotonic artificial tears may be useful as an adjunctive treatment for inflammatory dry eye.

Therapeutic Effects of Sodium Hyaluronate on Ocular Surface Damage Induced by Benzalkonium Chloride Preserved Anti-glaucoma Medications

PubMed Central

Liu, Xing; Yu, Fen-Fen; Zhong, Yi-Min; Guo, Xin-Xing; Mao, Zhen

2015-01-01

Background: Long-term use of benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-preserved drugs is often associated with ocular surface toxicity. Ocular surface symptoms had a substantial impact on the glaucoma patients’ quality of life and compliance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (SH) on ocular surface toxicity induced by BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. Methods: Fifty-eight patients (101 eyes), who received topical BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment and met the severe dry eye criteria, were included in the analysis. All patients were maintained the original topical anti-glaucoma treatment. In the SH-treated group (56 eyes), unpreserved 0.3% SH eye drops were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. In the control group (55 eyes), phosphate-buffered saline were administered with 3 times daily for 90 days. Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, break-up time (BUT) test, corneal fluorescein staining, corneal and conjunctival rose Bengal staining, Schirmer test, and conjunctiva impression cytology were performed sequentially on days 0 and 91. Results: Compared with the control group, SH-treated group showed decrease in OSDI scores (Kruskal-Wallis test: H = 38.668, P < 0.001), fluorescein and rose Bengal scores (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test: z = −3.843, P < 0.001, and z = −3.508, P < 0.001, respectively), increase in tear film BUT (t-test: t = −10.994, P < 0.001) and aqueous tear production (t-test: t = −10.328, P < 0.001) on day 91. The goblet cell density was increased (t-test: t = −9.981, P < 0.001), and the morphology of the conjunctival epithelium were also improved after SH treatment. Conclusions: SH significantly improved both symptoms and signs of ocular surface damage in patients with BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. SH could be proposed as a new attempt to reduce ocular surface toxicity, and alleviate symptoms of ocular surface damage in BAC-preserved anti-glaucoma medications treatment. PMID:26365960

The Hyaluronic Acid Fillers: Current Understanding of the Tissue Device Interface.

PubMed

Greene, Jacqueline J; Sidle, Douglas M

2015-11-01

The article is a detailed update regarding cosmetic injectable fillers, specifically focusing on hyaluronic acid fillers. Hyaluronic acid-injectable fillers are used extensively for soft tissue volumizing and contouring. Many different hyaluronic acid-injectable fillers are available on the market and differ in terms of hyaluronic acid concentration, particle size, cross-linking density, requisite needle size, duration, stiffness, hydration, presence of lidocaine, type of cross-linking technology, and cost. Hyaluronic acid is a natural component of many soft tissues, is identical across species minimizing immunogenicity has been linked to wound healing and skin regeneration, and is currently actively being studied for tissue engineering purposes. The biomechanical and biochemical effects of HA on the local microenvironment of the injected site are key to its success as a soft tissue filler. Knowledge of the tissue-device interface will help guide the facial practitioner and lead to optimal outcomes for patients. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Protein Expression Level of Skin Wrinkle-Related Factors in Hairless Mice Fed Hyaluronic Acid.

PubMed

Yun, Min-Kyu; Lee, Sung-Jin; Song, Hye-Jin; Yu, Heui-Jong; Rha, Chan Su; Kim, Dae-Ok; Choe, Soo-Young; Sohn, Johann

2017-04-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the wrinkle improving effect of hyaluronic acid intakes. Wrinkles were induced by exposing the skin of hairless mice to ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation for 14 weeks. Hyaluronic acid was administered to the mice for 14 weeks including 4 weeks before experiments. Skin tissue was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine protein expression of wrinkle-related markers. The group supplemented with high concentrations of hyaluronic acid appeared significantly better than control group for collagen, matrix metalloproteinase 1, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 assay. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and hyaluronic acid synthase 2 (HAS-2) were not shown to be significantly different. In conclusion, hyaluronic acid administration regulated expression levels of proteins associated with skin integrity, and improved the wrinkle level in skin subjected to UVB irradiation.

Building a polysaccharide hydrogel capsule delivery system for control release of ibuprofen.

PubMed

Chen, Zhi; Wang, Ting; Yan, Qing

2018-02-01

Development of a delivery system which can effectively carry hydrophobic drugs and have pH response is becoming necessary. Here we demonstrate that through preparation of β-cyclodextrin polymer (β-CDP), a hydrophobic drug molecule of ibuprofen (IBU) was incorporated into our prepared β-CDP inner cavities, aiming to improve the poor water solubility of IBU. A core-shell capsule structure has been designed for achieving the drug pH targeted and sustained release. This delivery system was built with polysaccharide polymer of Sodium alginate (SA), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) by physical cross-linking. The drug pH-response control release is this hydrogel system's chief merit, which has potential value for synthesizing enteric capsule. Besides, due to our simple preparing strategy, optimal conditions can be readily determined and the synthesis process can be accurately controlled, leading to consistent and reproducible hydrogel capsules. In addition, phase-solubility method was used to investigate the solubilization effect of IBU by β-CDP. SEM was used to prove the forming of core and shell structure. FT-IR and 1 H-NMR were also used to perform structural characteristics. By the technique of UV determination, the pH targeted and sustained release study were also performed. The results have proved that our prepared polysaccharide hydrogel capsule delivery system has potential applications as oral drugs delivery in the field of biomedical materials.

Carbidopa/levodopa-loaded biodegradable microspheres: in vivo evaluation on experimental Parkinsonism in rats.

PubMed

Arica, Betül; Kaş, H Süheyla; Moghdam, Amir; Akalan, Nejat; Hincal, A Atilla

2005-02-16

The purpose of this study was to prepare and characterize injectable carbidopa (CD)/levodopa (LD)-loaded Poly(L-lactides) (L-PLA), Poly(D,L-lactides) (D,L-PLA) and Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA) microspheres for the intracerebral treatment of Parkinson's disease. The microspheres were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The polymers' (L-PLA, D,L-PLA and PLAGA) concentrations were 10% (w/w) in the organic phase; the emulsifiers [sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC):sodium oleate (SO) and Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA):SO mixture (4:1 w/v)] concentrations were 0.75% in the aqueous phase. Microspheres were analyzed for morphological characteristics, size distribution, drug loading and in vitro release. The release profile of CD/LD from microspheres was characterized in the range of 12-35% within the first hour of the in vitro release experiment. The efficiency of CD- and LD-encapsulated microspheres to striatal transplantation and the altering of apomorphine-induced rotational behavior in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) unilaterally lesioned rat model were also tested. 6-OHDA/CD-LD-loaded microsphere groups exhibited lower rotation scores than 6-OHDA/Blank microsphere groups as early as 1 week postlesion. These benefits continued throughout the entire experimental period and they were statistically significant during the 1, 2 and 8 weeks (p<0.05). CD/LD-loaded microspheres were specifically prepared to apply as an injectable dosage forms for brain implantation.

Production and characterization of bacterial cellulose membranes with hyaluronic acid from chicken comb.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Sabrina Alves; da Silva, Bruno Campos; Riegel-Vidotti, Izabel Cristina; Urbano, Alexandre; de Sousa Faria-Tischer, Paula Cristina; Tischer, Cesar Augusto

2017-04-01

The bacterial cellulose (BC), from Gluconacetobacter hansenii, is a biofilm with a high degree of crystallinity that can be used for therapeutic purposes and as a candidate for healing wounds. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a constitutive polysaccharide found in the extracellular matrix and is a material used in tissue engineering and scaffolding for tissue regeneration. In this study, polymeric composites were produced in presence of hyaluronic acid isolated from chicken comb on different days of fermentation, specifically on the first (BCHA-SABT0) and third day (BCHA-SABT3) of fermentation. The structural characteristics, thermal stability and molar mass of hyaluronic acid from chicken comb were evaluated. Native membrane and polymeric composites were characterized with respect to their morphology and crystallinity. The optimized process of extraction and purification of hyaluronic acid resulted in low molar mass hyaluronic acid with structural characteristics similar to the standard commercial hyaluronic acid. The results demonstrate that the polymeric composites (BC/HA-SAB) can be produced in situ. The membranes produced on the third day presented better incorporation of HA-SAB between cellulose microfiber, resulting in membranes with higher thermal stability, higher roughness and lower crystallinity. The biocompatiblily of bacterial cellulose and the importance of hyaluronic acid as a component of extracellular matrix qualify the polymeric composites as promising biomaterials for tissue engineering. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clinical benefit using sperm hyaluronic acid binding technique in ICSI cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Beck-Fruchter, Ronit; Shalev, Eliezer; Weiss, Amir

2016-03-01

The human oocyte is surrounded by hyaluronic acid, which acts as a natural selector of spermatozoa. Human sperm that express hyaluronic acid receptors and bind to hyaluronic acid have normal shape, minimal DNA fragmentation and low frequency of chromosomal aneuploidies. Use of hyaluronic acid binding assays in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles to improve clinical outcomes has been studied, although none of these studies had sufficient statistical power. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, electronic databases were searched up to June 2015 to identify studies of ICSI cycles in which spermatozoa able to bind hyaluronic acid was selected. The main outcomes were fertilization rate and clinical pregnancy rate. Secondary outcomes included cleavage rate, embryo quality, implantation rate, spontaneous abortion and live birth rate. Seven studies and 1437 cycles were included. Use of hyaluronic acid binding sperm selection technique yielded no improvement in fertilization and pregnancy rates. A meta-analysis of all available studies showed an improvement in embryo quality and implantation rate; an analysis of prospective studies only showed an improvement in embryo quality. Evidence does not support routine use of hyaluronic acid binding assays in all ICSI cycles. Identification of patients that might benefit from this technique needs further study. Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The role of hyaluronan as a drug carrier to enhance the bioavailability of extended release ophthalmic formulations. Hyaluronan-timolol ionic complexes as a model case.

PubMed

Battistini, F D; Tártara, L I; Boiero, C; Guzmán, M L; Luciani-Giaccobbe, L C; Palma, S D; Allemandi, D A; Manzo, R H; Olivera, M E

2017-07-15

The aim of this work was to obtain information concerning the properties of ophthalmic formulations based on hyaluronic-drug ionic complexes, to identify the factors that determine the onset, intensity and duration of the pharmacotherapeutic effect. Dispersions of a complex of 0.5% w/v of sodium hyaluronate (HyNa) loaded with 0.5% w/v of timolol maleate (TM) were obtained and presented a counterionic condensation higher than 75%. For comparison a similar complex obtained with hyaluronic acid (HyH) was also prepared. Although the viscosity of HyNa-TM was significantly higher than that of HyH-TM, in vitro release of TM from both complexes showed a similar extended drug release profile (20-31% over 5h) controlled by diffusion and ionic exchange. Ocular pharmacokinetic study performed in normotensive rabbits showed that HyNa-TM complex exhibited attractive bioavailability properties in the aqueous humor (AUC and Cmax significantly higher and later Tmax) compared to commercial TM eye-drops. Moreover, a more prolonged period of lowered intra-ocular pressure (10h) and a more intense hypotensive activity was observed after instillation of a drop of HyNa-TM as compared to the eye-drops. Such behavior was related to the longer pre-corneal residence times (400%) observed with HyNa-TM complex. No significant changes in rabbit transcorneal permeation were detected upon complexation. These results demonstrate that the ability of HyNa to modulate TM release, together with its mucoadhesiveness related to the viscosity, affected both the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters. The HyNa-TM complex is a potentially useful carrier for ocular drug delivery, which could improve the TM efficacy and reduce the frequency of administration to improve patient compliance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles for carboxymethylcellulose film applications in food packaging.

PubMed

Siqueira, Maria C; Coelho, Gustavo F; de Moura, Márcia R; Bresolin, Joana D; Hubinger, Silviane Z; Marconcini, José M; Mattoso, Luiz H C

2014-07-01

In this study, silver nanoparticles were prepared and incorporated into carboxymethylcellulose films to evaluate the antimicrobial activity for food packaging applications. The techniques carried out for material characterization were: infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis for the silver nanoparticles and films, as well as particle size distribution for the nanoparticles and water vapor permeability for the films. The antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles prepared by casting method was investigated. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of the silver nanoparticles to test Gram-positive (Enterococcus faecalis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) microorganisms was carried out by the serial dilution technique, tested in triplicate to confirm the concentration used. The results were developed using the Mcfarland scale which indicates that the presence or absence of turbidity tube demonstrates the inhibition of bacteria in relation to the substance inoculated. It was found that the silver nanoparticles inhibited the growth of the tested microorganisms. The carboxymethylcellulose film embedded with silver nanoparticles showed the best antimicrobial effect against Gram-positive (E. faecalis) and Gram-negative (E. coli) bacteria (0.1 microg cm(-3)).

Effect of increased groundwater viscosity on the remedial performance of surfactant-enhanced air sparging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Jae-Kyeong; Kim, Heonki; Kwon, Hobin; Annable, Michael D.

2018-03-01

The effect of groundwater viscosity control on the performance of surfactant-enhanced air sparging (SEAS) was investigated using 1- and 2-dimensional (1-D and 2-D) bench-scale physical models. The viscosity of groundwater was controlled by a thickener, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), while an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), was used to control the surface tension of groundwater. When resident DI water was displaced with a SCMC solution (500 mg/L), a SDBS solution (200 mg/L), and a solution with both SCMC (500 mg/L) and SDBS (200 mg/L), the air saturation for sand-packed columns achieved by air sparging increased by 9.5%, 128%, and 154%, respectively, (compared to that of the DI water-saturated column). When the resident water contained SCMC, the minimum air pressure necessary for air sparging processes increased, which is considered to be responsible for the increased air saturation. The extent of the sparging influence zone achieved during the air sparging process using the 2-D model was also affected by viscosity control. Larger sparging influence zones (de-saturated zone due to air injection) were observed for the air sparging processes using the 2-D model initially saturated with high-viscosity solutions, than those without a thickener in the aqueous solution. The enhanced air saturations using SCMC for the 1-D air sparging experiment improved the degradative performance of gaseous oxidation agent (ozone) during air sparging, as measured by the disappearance of fluorescence (fluorescein sodium salt). Based on the experimental evidence generated in this study, the addition of a thickener in the aqueous solution prior to air sparging increased the degree of air saturation and the sparging influence zone, and enhanced the remedial potential of SEAS for contaminated aquifers.

Effects of topical nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the cornea.

PubMed

Reviglio, Victor E; Rana, Tayyib S; Li, Qian J; Ashraf, M Farooq; Daly, Mary K; O'Brien, Terrence P

2003-05-01

To assess the effects of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID) eyedrops on the expression of matrix metalloproteinases in corneal tissue. Ocular Microbiology and Immunology Laboratory, Refractive Surgery Research Laboratory, The Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. Seventy rats were divided into 2 groups: intact and debrided epithelium. Uniform central corneal epithelial defects were created in the right eye of the debrided corneal group. Each group was divided into 4 subgroups, each receiving 1 of the following eyedrops or artificial tears: The 3 NSAIDs were diclofenac sodium 0.1% (Falcon or Voltaren) and preservative-free ketorolac 0.5% (Acular PF). The artificial tears were carboxymethylcellulose sodium 0.5% (Refresh Plus PF). The eyedrops were administered 4 times a day for 1 week. The rats were killed on days 2 and 7. The corneas were excised and processed for immunohistochemical staining, Western blot assay, and zymography studies to determine the localization of the production of the following matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs): MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-8, and MMP-9. Matrix metalloproteinase-1, MMP-8, and MMP-2 were detected in rat corneas at 48 hours in the debrided and intact epithelium groups treated with NSAID eyedrops. The MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression levels were higher in intact corneas in the diclofenac sodium groups than in the ketorolac and artificial tears groups. The expression was localized mostly in the epithelial cells and occasionally in keratocytes. This study provides preliminary evidence that topical application of some NSAIDs can induce the early expression of MMP-1, MMP-2, and MMP-8 in the cornea, suggesting that MMPs play a role in the corneal cytotoxicity of certain NSAIDs.

Bi-layered nanocomposite bandages for controlling microbial infections and overproduction of matrix metalloproteinase activity.

PubMed

Anjana, J; Mohandas, Annapoorna; Seethalakshmy, S; Suresh, Maneesha K; Menon, Riju; Biswas, Raja; Jayakumar, R

2018-04-15

Chronic diabetic wounds is characterised by increased microbial contamination and overproduction of matrix metalloproteases that would degrade the extracellular matrix. A bi-layer bandage was developed, that promotes the inhibition of microbial infections and matrix metalloprotease (MMPs) activity. Bi-layer bandage containing benzalkonium chloride loaded gelatin nanoparticles (BZK GNPs) in chitosan-Hyaluronic acid (HA) as a bottom layer and sodium alendronate containing chitosan as top layer was developed. We hypothesized that the chitosan-gelatin top layer with sodium alendronate could inhibit the MMPs activity, whereas the chitosan-HA bottom layer with BZK GNPs (240±66nm) would enable the elimination of microbes. The porosity, swelling and degradation nature of the prepared Bi-layered bandage was studied. The bottom layer could degrade within 4days whereas the top layer remained upto 7days. The antimicrobial activity of the BZK NPs loaded bandage was determined using normal and clinical strains. Gelatin zymography shows that the proteolytic activity of MMP was inhibited by the bandage. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Optimal conjugation of catechol group onto hyaluronic acid in coronary stent substrate coating for the prevention of restenosis.

PubMed

Lih, Eugene; Choi, Seul Gi; Ahn, Dong June; Joung, Yoon Ki; Han, Dong Keun

2016-01-01

Although endovascular stenting has been used as an interventional therapy to treat cardio- and cerebro-vascular diseases, it is associated with recurrent vascular diseases following stent thrombosis and in-stent restenosis. In this study, a metallic stent was coated with dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid with different ratios of catechol group to improve hemocompatibility and re-endothelialization. Especially, we were interested in how much amount of catechol group is appropriate for the above-mentioned purposes. Therefore, a series of dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid conjugates with different ratios of catechol group were synthesized via a carbodiimide coupling reaction. Dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid conjugates were characterized with 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and the amount of catechol group in dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid was measured by ultraviolet spectrometer. Co-Cr substrates were polished and coated with various dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid conjugates under pH 8.5. Dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid amounts on the substrate were quantified by micro-bicinchoninic acid assay. Surface characteristics of dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic-acid-coated Co-Cr were evaluated by water contact angle, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The hemocompatibility of the surface-modified substrates was assessed by protein adsorption and platelet adhesion tests. Adhesion and activation of platelets were confirmed with scanning electron microscopy and lactate dehydrogenase assay. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured on the substrates, and the viability, adhesion, and proliferation were investigated through cell counting kit-8 assay and fluorescent images. Obtained results demonstrated that optimal amounts of catechol group (100 µmol) in the dopamine-conjugated hyaluronic acid existed in terms of various properties such as hemocompatibility and cellular responses.

Hyaluronate-binding proteins of murine brain.

PubMed

Marks, M S; Chi-Rosso, G; Toole, B P

1990-01-01

The distribution of hyaluronate-binding activity was determined in the soluble and membrane fractions derived from adult mouse brain by sonication in low-ionic-strength buffer. Approximately 60% of the total activity was recovered in the soluble fraction and 33% in membrane fractions. In both cases, the hyaluronate-binding activities were found to be of high affinity (KD = 10(-9) M), specific for hyaluronate, and glycoprotein in nature. Most of the hyaluronate-binding activity from the soluble fraction chromatographed in the void volume of Sepharose CL-4B and CL-6B. Approximately 50% of this activity was highly negatively charged, eluting from diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-cellulose in 0.5 M NaCl, and contained chondroitin sulfate chains. This latter material also reacted with antibodies raised against cartilage link protein and the core protein of cartilage proteoglycan. Thus, the binding and physical characteristics of this hyaluronate-binding activity are consistent with those of a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan aggregate similar to that found in cartilage. A 500-fold purification of this proteoglycan-like, hyaluronate-binding material was achieved by wheat germ agglutinin affinity chromatography, molecular sieve chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B, and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Another class of hyaluronate-binding material (25-50% of that recovered) eluted from DEAE with 0.24 M NaCl; this material had the properties of a complex glycoprotein, did not contain chondroitin sulfate, and did not react with the antibodies against cartilage link protein and proteoglycan. Thus, adult mouse brain contains at least three different forms of hyaluronate-binding macromolecules. Two of these have properties similar to the link protein and proteoglycan of cartilage proteoglycan aggregates; the third is distinguishable from these entities.

Poor fluorinated graphene sheets carboxymethylcellulose polymer composite mode locker for erbium doped fiber laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mou, Chengbo; Arif, Raz; Lobach, Anatoly S.; Khudyakov, Dmitry V.; Spitsina, Nataliya G.; Kazakov, Valery A.; Turitsyn, Sergei; Rozhin, Aleksey

2015-02-01

We report poor fluorinated graphene sheets produced by thermal exfoliation embedding in carboxymethylcellulose polymer composite (GCMC) as an efficient mode locker for erbium doped fiber laser. Two GCMC mode lockers with different concentration have been fabricated. The GCMC based mode locked fiber laser shows stable soliton output pulse shaping with repetition rate of 28.5 MHz and output power of 5.5 mW was achieved with the high concentration GCMC, while a slightly higher output power of 6.9 mW was obtained using the low concentration GCMC mode locker.

Poor fluorinated graphene sheets carboxymethylcellulose polymer composite mode locker for erbium doped fiber laser

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mou, Chengbo, E-mail: mouc1@aston.ac.uk, E-mail: a.rozhin@aston.ac.uk; Turitsyn, Sergei; Rozhin, Aleksey, E-mail: mouc1@aston.ac.uk, E-mail: a.rozhin@aston.ac.uk

We report poor fluorinated graphene sheets produced by thermal exfoliation embedding in carboxymethylcellulose polymer composite (GCMC) as an efficient mode locker for erbium doped fiber laser. Two GCMC mode lockers with different concentration have been fabricated. The GCMC based mode locked fiber laser shows stable soliton output pulse shaping with repetition rate of 28.5 MHz and output power of 5.5 mW was achieved with the high concentration GCMC, while a slightly higher output power of 6.9 mW was obtained using the low concentration GCMC mode locker.

Adipose‑derived stem cells and hyaluronic acid based gel compatibility, studied in vitro.

PubMed

Guo, Jiayan; Guo, Shu; Wang, Yuxin; Yu, Yanqiu

2017-10-01

Minimally invasive aesthetic and cosmetic procedures have increased in popularity. Injectable dermal fillers provide soft tissue augmentation, improve facial rejuvenation and wrinkles, and correct tissue defects. To investigate the use of adipose‑derived stem cells integrated with a hyaluronic acid based gel as a dermal filler, the present study used cytotoxicity studies, proliferation studies, adipogenic and osteogenic differentiation, apoptosis assays and scanning electron microscopy. Although hyaluronic acid induced low levels of apoptosis in adipose‑derived stem cells, its significantly promoted proliferation of adipose‑derived stem cells. Hyaluronic acid demonstrates little toxicity against adipose‑derived stem cells. Adipose‑derived stem cells were able to differentiate into adipocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, scanning electron microscopy revealed that adipose‑derived stem cells maintained intact structures on the surface of hyaluronic acid as well as in it, and demonstrated abundant cell attachments. The present study demonstrated the compatibility of adipose‑derived stem cells and hyaluronic acid based gels in vitro.

Formation and properties of hyaluronan/nano Ag and hyaluronan-lecithin/nano Ag films.

PubMed

Khachatryan, Gohar; Khachatryan, Karen; Grzyb, Jacek; Fiedorowicz, Maciej

2016-10-20

A facile and environmentally friendly method of the preparation of silver nanoparticles embedded in hyaluronan (Hyal/Ag) and hyaluronan-lecithin (Hyal-L/Ag) matrix was developed. Thin, elastic foils were prepared from gels by an in situ synthesis of Ag in an aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (Hyal), using aq. d-(+)-xylose solution as a reducing agent. The gels were applied to a clean, smooth, defatted Teflon surface and left for drying in the air. The dry foils were stored in a closed container. UV-vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra confirmed formation of about 10nm ball-shaped Ag nanoparticles situated within the polysaccharide template. Thermal properties of the composites were characterized involving differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses, whereas molecular weights of polysaccharide chains of the matrix were estimated with the size exclusion chromatography coupled with multiangle laser light scattering and refractometric detectors (HPSEC-MALLS-RI). An increase in the molecular weight of the hyaluronate after generation of Ag nanoparticles was observed. The foils showed specific properties. The study confirmed that silver nanoparticles can be successfully prepared with environmentally friendly method, using hyaluronan as a stabilizing template. Hyaluronan and hyaluronan-lecithin matrices provide nanocrystals uniform in size and shape. The composites demonstrated a bacteriostatic activity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Global Aesthetics Consensus: Avoidance and Management of Complications from Hyaluronic Acid Fillers—Evidence- and Opinion-Based Review and Consensus Recommendations

PubMed Central

Liew, Steven; Sundaram, Hema; De Boulle, Koenraad L.; Goodman, Greg J.; Monheit, Gary; Wu, Yan; Trindade de Almeida, Ada R.; Swift, Arthur; Vieira Braz, André

2016-01-01

Background: Although the safety profile of hyaluronic acid fillers is favorable, adverse reactions can occur. Clinicians and patients can benefit from ongoing guidance on adverse reactions to hyaluronic acid fillers and their management. Methods: A multinational, multidisciplinary group of experts in cosmetic medicine convened the Global Aesthetics Consensus Group to review the properties and clinical uses of Hylacross and Vycross hyaluronic acid products and develop updated consensus recommendations for early and late complications associated with hyaluronic acid fillers. Results: The consensus panel provided specific recommendations focusing on early and late complications of hyaluronic acid fillers and their management. The impact of patient-, product-, and technique-related factors on such reactions was described. Most of these were noted to be mild and transient. Serious adverse events are rare. Early adverse reactions to hyaluronic acid fillers include vascular infarction and compromise; inflammatory reactions; injection-related events; and inappropriate placement of filler material. Among late reactions are nodules, granulomas, and skin discoloration. Most adverse events can be avoided with proper planning and technique. Detailed understanding of facial anatomy, proper patient and product selection, and appropriate technique can further reduce the risks. Should adverse reactions occur, the clinician must be prepared and have tools available for effective treatment. Conclusions: Adverse reactions with hyaluronic acid fillers are uncommon. Clinicians should take steps to further reduce the risk and be prepared to treat any complications that arise. PMID:27219265

The role of serum hyaluronic acid determination in the diagnosis of liver fibrosis.

PubMed

Gudowska, Monika; Cylwik, Bogdan; Chrostek, Lech

2017-01-01

The common pathway leading to liver fibrosis and cirrhosis is growing deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). It results from molecular and histological rearrangement of collagens, glycoproteins and hyaluronans. Hyaluronic acid is a chief component of the extracellular matrix of connective tissues and plays the main structural role in the formation of ECM. The most important organ involved in the synthesis of hyaluronic acid is the liver. In this paper the meaning of hyaluronic acid in the diagnostics of liver diseases is discussed. Here, we focus on the described changes of hyaluronic acid concentration in the pathological processes of the liver, including alcoholic and non-alcoholic liver diseases. The results of published clinical studies have shown its high diagnostic sensitivity, which probably enables its application in laboratory diagnosis.

Hyaluronic acid (with fibronectin) as a bioimplant for the vocal fold mucosa.

PubMed

Chan, R W; Titze, I R

1999-07-01

To measure the viscoelastic shear properties of hyaluronic acid, with and without fibronectin, and to compare them with those of the human vocal fold mucosa and other phonosurgical biomaterials. Viscoelastic shear properties of various implantable biomaterials (Teflon, gelatin, collagen, fat, hyaluronic acid, and hyaluronic acid with fibronectin) were measured with a parallel-plate rotational rheometer. Elastic and viscous shear properties were quantified as a function of oscillation frequency (0.01-15 Hz) at 37 degrees C. The shear properties of hyaluronic acid were relatively close to those of human vocal fold mucosal tissues reported previously. Hyaluronic acid at specific concentrations (0.5%-1%), with or without fibronectin, was found to exhibit viscous shear properties (viscous shear modulus and dynamic viscosity) similar to those of the average male and female vocal fold mucosa. According to a theory that establishes the effects of tissue shear properties on vocal fold oscillation, phonation threshold pressure (a measure of the ease of phonation) is directly related to the viscous shear modulus of the vibrating vocal fold mucosa. Therefore, our findings suggest that hyaluronic acid, either by itself or mixed with fibronectin, may be a potentially optimal bioimplant for the surgical management of vocal fold mucosal defects and lamina propria deficiencies (e.g., scarring) from a biomechanical standpoint.

Alpha-2-macroglobulin and hyaluronic acid as fibromarkers in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

PubMed

Pitekova, B; Kupcova, V; Uhlikova, E; Mojto, V; Turecky, L

2017-01-01

Liver fibrosis is the final common pathway of chronic liver diseases of various etiology. From the practical standpoint, it would be ideal to have a noninvasive fibromarker. The aim of our study was to investigate the levels of alpha-2-macroglobulin, potential fibromarker, in correlation to histological staging and another potential fibromarker, hyaluronic acid, in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Population groups in this study consisted of 51 healthy volunteers and 54 patients with chronic hepatitis C. Liver biopsies were obtained under ultrasound guidance. Alpha-2-macroglobulin was determined by electroimmunodiffusion and hyaluronic acid with enzyme-linked binding protein assay. Both potential fibromarkers, alpha-2-macroglobulin and hyaluronic acid, were increased in patients with chronic hepatitis C. The alpha-2-macroglobulin levels were not significantly increased in the groups F0-F1. In the groups F2-F4, alpha-2-macroglobulin levels were significantly higher than in the control group. The changes of hyaluronic acid were similar to changes of alpha-2-macroglobulin. Regression analysis showed a significant correlation between hyaluronic acid and alpha-2-macroglobulin levels. According to the results of our study, it can be concluded that alpha-2-macroglobulin and hyaluronic acid might be useful markers of liver fibrosis (Tab. 2, Ref. 15).

Intrapleural polymeric films containing cisplatin for malignant pleural mesothelioma in a rat tumour model: a preliminary study.

PubMed

Ampollini, Luca; Sonvico, Fabio; Barocelli, Elisabetta; Cavazzoni, Andrea; Bilancia, Rocco; Mucchino, Claudio; Cantoni, Anna Maria; Carbognani, Paolo

2010-03-01

This study aims to investigate the effect of intrapleural polymeric films containing cisplatin on the local recurrence of malignant pleural mesothelioma in a rat tumour model. An orthotopic rat recurrence model of malignant pleural mesothelioma was used. Five animals per group were evaluated. Polymeric films (4.5 cm diameter) for the local delivery of anticancer drug were constructed: hyaluronate, chitosan and the combined dual-layer polymers were loaded with cisplatin at a concentration of 100 mgm(-2). Animals without any adjuvant therapy were used as control. Mesothelioma cells were injected subpleurally in the anaesthetised rats. Six days later, a pleural tumour of 5.5mm was resected and a left pneumonectomy and pleural abrasion were performed. Thereafter, the cisplatin-loaded and unloaded films or cisplatin solution were intrapleurally applied, according to randomisation. After 6 days, animals were euthanised and organs harvested for morphological and histological evaluations. The primary endpoint was the volume of tumour recurrence. The secondary endpoints were treatment-related toxicity; cisplatin serum concentration evaluated at different time points; and cisplatin concentration in the pleura measured at autopsy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis. Bonferroni correction was applied for comparison between all groups. Tumour volume was significantly reduced in the hyaluronate cisplatin and hyaluronate-chitosan cisplatin groups in comparison to control groups (p=0.001 and p<0.0001, respectively). Animals treated with hyaluronate-chitosan cisplatin had a tumour recurrence significantly lesser than animals treated with cisplatin solution (p=0.003) and hyaluronate cisplatin (p=0.032). No toxicity related to the different treatments was observed. On postoperative days 1 and 2, cisplatin was detected in the serum at a concentration six- and sevenfold significantly higher in the hyaluronate cisplatin and hyaluronate-chitosan cisplatin groups, in comparison to cisplatin solution, and was maintained over time. Cisplatin levels in the pleura were higher in the hyaluronate-chitosan cisplatin group than in all others. Hyaluronate-chitosan cisplatin was significantly effective in reducing tumour recurrence compared with cisplatin solution. Hyaluronate and hyaluronate-chitosan loaded with cisplatin assured significantly higher and more prolonged plasmatic drug concentrations than cisplatin solution without increasing toxicity. Copyright (c) 2009 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The composition and physicochemical properties of hyaluronic acids prepared from ox synovial fluid and from a case of mesothelioma

PubMed Central

Preston, B. N.; Davies, M.; Ogston, A. G.

1965-01-01

1. Materials containing hyaluronic acid have been prepared by filtration (Ogston & Stanier, 1950) from ox synovial fluid and from a protein-rich human mesothelioma fluid. The ox material has been deproteinized by treatment with chloroform and pentanol and by gradient elution on DEAE-Sephadex; several fractions were obtained by the latter method. These materials can be stored in solution at −20° without change of properties. The ox material contained 21% of protein; all other preparations contained less than 6% of protein. 2. The two materials have been compared by sedimentation and viscosity and shown to be closely similar. Treatment of the ox material with neuraminidase caused no change in its viscosity behaviour. 3. Information about the molecular configuration of the ox material has been obtained from measurements of light-scattering and viscosity. The results, though consistent with a highly extended configuration, are not consistent with a linear random-coil configuration. It is tentatively suggested that the structure may have some degree of branching and of cross-linking, which give it a rigidity with respect to expansion of the molecular domain that would not be possessed by a random coil. 4. The deproteinized material recovered from DEAE-Sephadex, though polydisperse, showed unchanged average molecular weight; however, the average radius of gyration was greater than before this treatment. 5. Acidification to approx. pH3 resulted in a contraction of the structure, with only a slight degree of expansion when the pH was restored to 6·8–7·0. 6. Measurements of optical rotatory dispersion qualitatively support a structure less simple than a linear random coil. 7. Colloid osmotic pressures of mixed solutions of bovine serum albumin and of hyaluronic acid prepared by filtration from ox synovial fluid have been measured. The results agree approximately with those of Laurent & Ogston (1963) but are in quantitative disagreement with the partition measurements of Ogston & Phelps (1960). The relationships between thermodynamic quantities in a quaternary system of electrolytes are discussed in Appendix 2. 8. Refractometric measurements have been made in connexion with light-scattering measurements, as the basis for a convenient method of determining the concentrations of solutions of hyaluronic acids, and to measure the partition of sodium chloride in dialysis experiments. The theory of the last use is discussed in Appendix 1. 9. Sedimentation measurements on the ox preparation have been made up to a concentration of 1·4×10−2g./ml. The form of the sedimentation coefficient–concentration relationship is discussed. The value of the sedimentation coefficient at higher concentration is the basis of an illustration of the likely effect of hyaluronic acid on the flow of water through narrow channels in connective tissue. 10. Available colorimetric methods have been shown to give low estimates for glucuronic acid when applied to highly polymerized materials, as compared with estimates by decarboxylation. A spectrophotometric titration with cetylpyridinium bromide has been shown to give estimates of carboxyl groups that agree well with those of decarboxylation when applied to preparations of hyaluronic acid under suitable conditions; the results are not affected by the presence of protein. 11. Estimates of glucosamine (Ogston, 1964) have been found to be low compared with those of total acetyl, independently of the presence of protein. The magnitude of the discrepancy is characteristically different for preparations from ox synovial fluid and from mesothelioma. 12. Sialic acid was estimated in several preparations. It is likely that this forms part of the protein. 13. Analyses of preparations for total nitrogen, amino acids, total acetyl, glucuronic acid (by decarboxylation) and ash account for at least 95·7% of the dry weight in terms of N-acetylglucosaminyl, glucuronyl, protein and metal ions. Previously published analyses of hyaluronic acids are reviewed. 14. The estimated molar ratios of glucuronic acid to glucosamine were all significantly greater than unity. 15. The analytical results are interpreted as agreeing with the physicochemical measurements in suggesting a more complex structure, for at least some hyaluronic acids, than that of an alternate linear copolymer in random-coil configuration. PMID:5837786

[Facial injections of hyaluronic acid-based fillers for malformations. Preliminary study regarding scar tissue improvement and cosmetic betterment].

PubMed

Franchi, G; Neiva-Vaz, C; Picard, A; Vazquez, M-P

2018-06-01

Cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers have gained rapid acceptance for treating facial wrinkles, deep tissue folds and sunken areas due to aging. This study evaluates, in addition to space-filling properties, their effects on softness and elasticity as a secondary effect, following injection of 3 commercially available cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers (15mg/mL, 17,5mg/mL and 20mg/mL) in patients presenting with congenital or acquired facial malformations. We started injecting gels of cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers in those cases in 2013; we performed 46 sessions of injections in 32 patients, aged from 13-32. Clinical assessment was performed by the patient himself and by a plastic surgeon, 15 days after injections and 6-18 months later. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers offered very subtle cosmetic results and supplemented surgery with a very high level of satisfaction of the patients. When injected in fibrosis, the first session enhanced softness and elasticity; the second session enhanced the volume. Cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers fill sunken areas and better softness and elasticity of scar tissues. In addition to their well-understood space-filling function, as a secondary effect, the authors demonstrate that cross-linked hyaluronic acid-based fillers improve softness and elasticity of scarring tissues. Many experimental studies support our observations, showing that cross-linked hyaluronic acid stimulates the production of several extra-cellular matrix components, including dermal collagen and elastin. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Matrix polyelectrolyte capsules based on polysaccharide/MnCO₃ hybrid microparticle templates.

PubMed

Wei, Qingrong; Ai, Hua; Gu, Zhongwei

2011-06-15

An efficient strategy for biomacromolecule encapsulation based on spontaneous deposition into polysaccharide matrix-containing capsules is introduced in this study. First, hybrid microparticles composed of manganese carbonate and ionic polysaccharides including sodium hyaluronate (HA), sodium alginate (SA) and dextran sulfate sodium (DS) with narrow size distribution were synthesized to provide monodisperse templates. Incorporation of polysaccharide into the hybrid templates was successful as verified by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Matrix polyelectrolyte microcapsules were fabricated through layer-by-layer (LbL) self-assembly of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes (PEs) onto the hybrid particles, followed by removal of the inorganic part of the cores, leaving polysaccharide matrix inside the capsules. The loading and release properties of the matrix microcapsules were investigated using myoglobin as a model biomacromolecule. Compared to matrix-free capsules, the matrix capsules had a much higher loading capacity up to four times; the driving force is mostly due to electrostatic interactions between myoglobin and the polysaccharide matrix. From our observations, for the same kind of polysaccharide, a higher amount of polysaccharide inside the capsules usually led to better loading capacity. The release behavior of the loaded myoglobin could be readily controlled by altering the environmental pH. These matrix microcapsules may be used as efficient delivery systems for various charged water-soluble macromolecules with applications in biomedical fields. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Study of FibroTest and hyaluronic acid biological variation in healthy volunteers and comparison of serum hyaluronic acid biological variation between chronic liver diseases of different etiology and fibrotic stage using confidence intervals.

PubMed

Istaces, Nicolas; Gulbis, Béatrice

2015-07-01

Personalized ranges of liver fibrosis serum biomarkers such as FibroTest or hyaluronic acid could be used for early detection of fibrotic changes in patients with progressive chronic liver disease. Our aim was to generate reliable biological variation estimates for these two biomarkers with confidence intervals for within-subject biological variation and reference change value. Nine fasting healthy volunteers and 66 chronic liver disease patients were included. Biological variation estimates were calculated for FibroTest in healthy volunteers, and for hyaluronic acid in healthy volunteers and chronic liver disease patients stratified by etiology and liver fibrosis stage. In healthy volunteers, within-subject biological coefficient of variation (with 95% confidence intervals) and index of individuality were 20% (16%-28%) and 0.6 for FibroTest and 34% (27%-47%) and 0.79 for hyaluronic acid, respectively. Overall hyaluronic acid within-subject biological coefficient of variation was similar among non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and chronic hepatitis C with 41% (34%-52%) and 45% (39%-55%), respectively, in contrast to chronic hepatitis B with 170% (140%-215%). Hyaluronic acid within-subject biological coefficients of variation were similar between F0-F1, F2 and F3 liver fibrosis stages in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease with 34% (25%-49%), 41% (31%-59%) and 34% (23%-62%), respectively, and in chronic hepatitis C with 34% (27%-47%), 33% (26%-45%) and 38% (27%-65%), respectively. However, corresponding hyaluronic acid indexes of individuality were lower in the higher fibrosis stages. Non-overlapping confidence intervals of biological variation estimates allowed us to detect significant differences regarding hyaluronic acid biological variation between chronic liver disease subgroups. Copyright © 2015 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on its viscosity and enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase.

PubMed

Kim, Jihoon; Chang, Ji-Youn; Kim, Yoon-Young; Kim, Moon-Jong; Kho, Hong-Seop

2018-05-01

To investigate the effects of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on its viscosity and enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase in solution and on the hydroxyapatite surface. Hyaluronic acids of four different molecular weights (10 kDa, 100 kDa, 1 MDa, and 2 MDa), hen egg-white lysozyme, bovine lactoperoxidase, and human whole saliva were used. Viscosity values of hyaluronic acids were measured using a cone-and-plate viscometer at six different concentrations (0.1-5.0 mg/mL). Enzymatic activities of lysozyme and peroxidase were examined by hydrolysis of fluorescein-labeled Micrococcus lysodeikticus and oxidation of fluorogenic 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein to fluorescing 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein, respectively. In solution assays, only 2 MDa-hyaluronic acid significantly inhibited lysozyme activities in saliva. In surface assays, hyaluronic acids inhibited lysozyme and peroxidase activities; the inhibitory activities were more apparent with high-molecular-weight ones in saliva than in purified enzymes. The 100 kDa-hyaluronic acid at 5.0 mg/mL, 1 MDa-one at 0.5 mg/mL, and 2 MDa-one at 0.2 mg/mL showed viscosity values similar to those of human whole saliva at a shear rate range required for normal oral functions. The differences among the influences of the three conditions on the enzymatic activities were not statistically significant. High-molecular-weight hyaluronic acids at low concentration and low-molecular-weight ones at high concentration showed viscosity values similar to those of human whole saliva. Inhibitory effects of hyaluronic acids on lysozyme and peroxidase activities were more significant with high-molecular-weight ones on the surface and in saliva compared with in solution and on purified enzymes. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[PREPARATION AND BIOCOMPATIBILITY OF IN SITU CROSSLINKING HYALURONIC ACID HYDROGEL].

PubMed

Liang, Jiabi; Li, Jun; Wang, Ting; Liang, Yuhong; Zou, Xuenong; Zhou, Guangqian; Zhou, Zhiyu

2016-06-08

To fabricate in situ crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogel and evaluate its biocompatibility in vitro. The acrylic acid chloride and polyethylene glycol were added to prepare crosslinking agent polyethylene glycol acrylate (PEGDA), and the molecular structure of PEGDA was analyzed by Flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy and 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Hyaluronic acid hydrogel was chemically modified to prepare hyaluronic acid thiolation (HA-SH). And the degree of HA-SH was analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by Ellman method. HA-SH solution in concentrations ( W/V ) of 0.5%, 1.0%, and 1.5% and PEGDA solution in concentrations ( W/V ) of 2%, 4%, and 6% were prepared with PBS. The two solutions were mixed in different ratios, and in situ crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogel was obtained; the crosslinking time was recorded. The cellular toxicity of in situ crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogel (1.5% HA-SH and 4% PEGDA mixed) was tested by L929 cells. Meanwhile, the biocompatibility of hydrogel was tested by co-cultured with human bone mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs). Flourier transformation infrared spectroscopy showed that most hydroxyl groups were replaced by acrylate groups; 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy showed 3 characteristic peaks of hydrogen representing acrylate and olefinic bond at 5-7 ppm. The thiolation yield of HA-SH was 65.4%. In situ crosslinking time of hyaluronic acid hydrogel was 2 to 70 minutes in the PEGDA concentrations of 2%-6% and HA-SH concentrations of 0.5%-1.5%. The hyaluronic acid hydrogel appeared to be transparent. The toxicity grade of leaching solution of hydrogel was grade 1. hBMSCs grew well and distributed evenly in hydrogel with a very high viability. In situ crosslinking hyaluronic acid hydrogel has low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, and controllable crosslinking time, so it could be used as a potential tissue engineered scaffold or repairing material for tissue regeneration.

Use of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid in the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis in Clinical Practice

PubMed Central

Cooper, Cyrus; Rannou, François; Richette, Pascal; Bruyère, Olivier; Al-Daghri, Nasser; Altman, Roy D.; Brandi, Maria Luisa; Basset, Sabine Collaud; Herrero-Beaumont, Gabriel; Migliore, Alberto; Pavelka, Karel; Uebelhart, Daniel; Reginster, Jean-Yves

2017-01-01

This review emphasizes the safety profile of intra-articular hyaluronic acid treatment of knee osteoarthritis, as well as its moderate but real efficacy on symptoms, which is in the same range than other pharmacological modalities used in this indication. Effectiveness of intra-articular hyaluronic acid has also been highlighted based on ‘real-life’ data, together with the clinical benefit of systematic repeated treatment cycles, and the influence of the molecular weight of hyaluronic acid on treatment outcome. These aspects should be particularly helpful to clinicians when making personalized care decisions. PMID:28118523

Design of aqueous two-phase systems for purification of hyaluronic acid produced by metabolically engineered Lactococcus lactis.

PubMed

Rajendran, Vivek; Puvendran, Kirubhakaran; Guru, Bharath Raja; Jayaraman, Guhan

2016-02-01

Hyaluronic acid has a wide range of biomedical applications and its commercial value is highly dependent on its purity and molecular weight. This study highlights the utility of aqueous two-phase separation as a primary recovery step for hyaluronic acid and for removal of major protein impurities from fermentation broths. Metabolically engineered cultures of a lactate dehydrogenase mutant strain of Lactococcus lactis (L. lactis NZ9020) were used to produce high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid. The cell-free fermentation broth was partially purified using a polyethylene glycol/potassium phosphate system, resulting in nearly 100% recovery of hyaluronic acid in the salt-rich bottom phase in all the aqueous two-phase separation experiments. These experiments were optimized for maximum removal of protein impurities in the polyethylene glycol rich top phase. The removal of protein impurities resulted in substantial reduction of membrane fouling in the subsequent diafiltration process, carried out with a 300 kDa polyether sulfone membrane. This step resulted in considerable purification of hyaluronic acid, without any loss in recovery and molecular weight. Diafiltration was followed by an adsorption step to remove minor impurities and achieve nearly 100% purity. The final hyaluronic acid product was characterized by Fourier-transform IR and NMR spectroscopy, confirming its purity. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Physical and biological properties of a novel anti-adhesion material made of thermally cross-linked gelatin film: Investigation of the usefulness as anti-adhesion material.

PubMed

Horii, Tsunehito; Tsujimoto, Hiroyuki; Miyamoto, Hiroe; Yamanaka, Koki; Tanaka, Shota; Torii, Hiroko; Ozamoto, Yuki; Takamori, Hideki; Nakamachi, Eiji; Ikada, Yoshito; Hagiwara, Akeo

2018-02-01

To create more useful, effective and safer anti-adhesion materials, we developed a thermally cross-linked gelatin film. In this study, we examined the physical properties of the film such as the physical strength and the adhesiveness to reveal the handling properties and biological properties, such as the anti-adhesion effect, the influence on cell proliferation, and the cytotoxicity to reveal the anti-adhesion mechanism, especially in comparison with the conventional hyaluronic acid and carboxymethylcellulose film (the conventional film). A tensile test under dry and wet conditions and shearing stress test showed that the gelatin film has significant higher maximum tensile stress and fracture strain than the conventional film. In the study using a rat model of cecum adhesion, the anti-adhesion effect of the gelatin film was significantly superior to that of the conventional film. In the cell proliferation test, the number of fibroblast cells on the gelatin film increased at each time point, while no cell proliferation was observed on the conventional film. Furthermore, in the cytotoxicity test using a colony assay and Live/Dead assay, the extract of the gelatin film had no cytotoxicity, while the extract of the conventional film had cytotoxicity considerably. These results suggest that the gelatin film provides better handling than the conventional film, due to better physical strength and ductility of the film. In addition, the gelatin film has a significantly greater anti-adhesion effect than the conventional film without any cytotoxicity. Therefore, the gelatin film is quite favorable as an anti-adhesion material. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 689-696, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Investigation into the optimal prosthetic material for wound healing of abdominal wall defects

PubMed Central

Akcakaya, Adem; Aydogdu, Ibrahim; Citgez, Bulent

2018-01-01

The purpose of this experimental study is to investigate and compare the effects of prosthetic materials used for wound healing of abdominal wall hernias. A total of 60 rats were divided into five equal groups: Group I, control subjected to laparotomy; group II, abdominal wall defect 3×2 cm+polypropylene (PP) mesh; group III, abdominal wall defect 3×2 cm+PP mesh+hyaluronate and carboxymethylcellulose (H-CMC; Seprafilm®); group IV, abdominal wall defect 3×2 cm+polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE; Composix™); and group V, abdominal wall defect 3×2 cm+polyethylene terephthalate (PET; Dacron®). A total of 14 days after the surgery, rats were sacrificed and the meshes with the surrounding tissue were extracted in block. The breaking strength of the mesh from the fascia was recorded. The healing tissue was examined with the index of histopathology and the hydroxyproline value was analyzed using the Switzer method. Both the breaking strength and histopathological index of the wound healing were significantly improved in groups II and III compared with that in groups IV and V (P<0.001). Hydroxyproline values were the highest in group I (P<0.001). There was also a statistically significant difference between groups II and IV, and group V and the other groups (P<0.001). The present findings demonstrated that PP mesh and PP mesh+H-CMC had a superior breaking strength and improved histopathologic indices compared with PTFE and PET. Furthermore, hydroxyproline values were the lowest in the PET group. In conclusion, wound healing was improved in the PP mesh group and the PP mesh+H-CMC group compared with the PTFE and PET groups according to the present study parameters. PMID:29399133

Factors influencing the efficacy of round window dexamethasone protection of residual hearing post-cochlear implant surgery.

PubMed

Chang, Andrew; Eastwood, Hayden; Sly, David; James, David; Richardson, Rachael; O'Leary, Stephen

2009-09-01

To protect hearing in an experimental model of cochlear implantation by the application of dexamethasone to the round window prior to surgery. The present study examined the dosage and timing relationships required to optimise the hearing protection. Dexamethasone or saline (control) was absorbed into a pledget of the carboxymethylcellulose and hyaluronic acid and applied to the round window of the guinea pig prior to cochlear implantation. The treatment groups were 2% w/v dexamethasone for 30, 60 and 120min; 20% dexamethasone applied for 30min. Auditory sensitivity was determined pre-operatively, and at 1 week after surgery, with pure-tone auditory brainstem response audiometry (2-32kHz). Cochlear implantation was performed via a cochleostomy drilled into the basal turn of the cochlea, into which a miniature cochlear implant dummy electrode was inserted using soft-surgery techniques. ABR thresholds were elevated after cochlear implantation, maximally at 32kHz and to a lesser extent at lower frequencies. Thresholds were less elevated after dexamethasone treatment, and the hearing protection improved when 2% dexamethasone was applied to the round window for longer periods of time prior to implantation. The time that dexamethasone need be applied to achieve hearing protection could be reduced by increasing the concentration of steroid, with a 20% application for 30min achieving similar levels of protection to a 60min application of 2% dexamethasone. Hearing protection is improved by increasing the time that dexamethasone is applied to the round window prior to cochlear implantation, and the waiting time can be reduced by increasing the steroid concentration. These results suggest that the diffusion dexamethasone through the cochlea is the prime determinant of the extent of hearing protection.

The influence of various excipients on the conversion kinetics of carbamazepine polymorphs in aqueous suspension.

PubMed

Tian, Fang; Saville, Dorothy J; Gordon, Keith C; Strachan, Clare J; Zeitler, J Axel; Sandler, Niklas; Rades, Thomas

2007-02-01

The influence of various excipients on the conversion of carbamazepine polymorphs to the dihydrate in aqueous suspension has been investigated. Ten excipients having functional groups which were potentially able to form hydrogen bonds with carbamazepine (group 1: methylcellulose, hypromellose (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose), hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), 2-hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC), carmellose sodium (sodium carboxymethylcellulose), cellobiose; group 2: povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone), povidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (povidone/VA) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone; group 3: macrogol (polyethylene glycol) and polyethylene oxide-polypropylene oxide copolymer (PEO/PPO)) were selected. Carbamazepine polymorphic forms III and I were dispersed separately into each aqueous excipient solution (0.1%, w/v) for 30 min at room temperature. The inhibition effect of each excipient was quantified using Raman spectroscopy combined with multivariate analyses. The solubility parameter of each excipient was calculated and used for categorizing excipients. Excipients in groups 1 and 2, which had both low solubility parameters (< 27.0 MPa(1/2)) and strong hydrogen bonding groups, inhibited the conversion completely. With increasing solubility parameter, the inhibition effect decreased for group 1 excipients, especially for carbamazepine form I, which had a higher specific surface area. Also, the excipients of group 3, lacking strong hydrogen bonding groups, showed poor inhibition although they had low solubility parameters (< 21.0 MPa(1/2)). This study indicated the importance of both hydrogen bonding interaction and a suitable hydrophobicity (expressed by the solubility parameter) in the inhibition of the conversion of carbamazepine to the dihydrate.

Thiolated polymers: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of polymer-cysteamine conjugates.

PubMed

Bernkop-Schnürch, A; Clausen, A E; Hnatyszyn, M

2001-09-11

The purpose of the present study was to synthesize and characterize novel thiolated polymers. Mediated by a carbodiimide cysteamine was covalently linked to sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and polycarbophil (PCP). The resulting CMC-cysteamine conjugates displayed 77.9+/-6.7 and 365.1+/-8.7 micromol thiol groups per gram of polymer, whereas the PCP-cysteamine conjugates showed 26.3+/-1.9 and 122.7+/-3.8 micromol thiol groups per gram of polymer (mean+/-S.D.; n=3). In aqueous solutions above pH 5.0 both modified polymers were capable of forming inter- and/or intra-molecular disulfide bonds. The reaction velocity of this oxidation process was accelerated with a decrease in the proton concentration. The oxidation proceeded more rapidly within thiolated CMC than within thiolated PCP. Permeation studies carried out in Ussing-type chambers with freshly excised intestinal mucosa from guinea pigs utilizing sodium fluorescein as model drug for the paracellular uptake revealed an enhancement ratio (R=P(app) (conjugate)/P(app) (control)) of 1.15 and 1.41 (mean+/-S.D.; n=3) for the higher thiolated CMC-cysteamine (0.5%; m/v) and PCP-cysteamine conjugate (1.0%; m/v), respectively. The decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance values was in good correlation with the enhancement ratios. Due to a high crosslinking tendency by the formation of disulfide bonds stabilizing drug carrier systems based on thiolated polymers and a permeation enhancing effect, CMC- and PCP-cysteamine conjugates represent promising excipients for the development of novel drug delivery systems.

Characterization of nZVI mobility in a field scale test.

PubMed

Kocur, Chris M; Chowdhury, Ahmed I; Sakulchaicharoen, Nataphan; Boparai, Hardiljeet K; Weber, Kela P; Sharma, Prabhakar; Krol, Magdalena M; Austrins, Leanne; Peace, Christopher; Sleep, Brent E; O'Carroll, Denis M

2014-01-01

Nanoscale zerovalent iron (nZVI) particles were injected into a contaminated sandy subsurface area in Sarnia, Ontario. The nZVI was synthesized on site, creating a slurry of 1 g/L nanoparticles using the chemical precipitation method with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) as the reductant in the presence of 0.8% wt. sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) polymer to form a stable suspension. Individual nZVI particles formed during synthesis had a transmission electron microscopy (TEM) quantified particle size of 86.0 nm and dynamic light scattering (DLS) quantified hydrodynamic diameter for the CMC and nZVI of 624.8 nm. The nZVI was delivered to the subsurface via gravity injection. Peak normalized total Fe breakthrough of 71% was observed 1m from the injection well and remained above 50% for the 24 h injection period. Samples collected from a monitoring well 1 m from the injection contained nanoparticles with TEM-measured particle diameter of 80.2 nm and hydrodynamic diameter of 562.9 nm. No morphological changes were discernible between the injected nanoparticles and nanoparticles recovered from the monitoring well. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was used to confirm the elemental composition of the iron nanoparticles sampled from the downstream monitoring well, verifying the successful transport of nZVI particles. This study suggests that CMC stabilized nZVI can be transported at least 1 m to the contaminated source zone at significant Fe(0) concentrations for reaction with target contaminants.

Prevalence and trends of cellulosics in pharmaceutical dosage forms.

PubMed

Mastropietro, David J; Omidian, Hossein

2013-02-01

Many studies have shown that cellulose derivatives (cellulosics) can provide various benefits when used in virtually all types of dosage forms. Nevertheless, the popularity of their use in approved drug products is rather unknown. This research reports the current prevalence and trends of use for 15 common cellulosics in prescription drug products. The cellulosics were powdered and microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), hypromellose (HPMC), HPMC phthalate, HPMC acetate succinate, cellulose acetate (CA), CA phthalate, sodium (Na) and calcium (Ca) carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), croscarmellose sodium (XCMCNa), methyl cellulose, and low substituted HPC. The number of brand drug products utilizing each cellulosics was determined using the online drug index Rxlist. A total of 607 brand products were identified having one or more of the cellulosics as an active or inactive ingredient. An array of various dosage forms was identified and revealed HPMC and MCC to be the most utilized cellulosics in all products followed by XCMCNa and HPC. Many products contained two or more cellulosics in the formulation (42% containing two, 23% containing three, and 4% containing 4-5). The largest combination occurrence was HPMC with MCC. The use of certain cellulosics within different dosage form types was found to contain specific trends. All injectables utilized only CMCNa, and the same with all ophthalmic solutions utilizing HPMC, and otic suspensions utilizing HEC. Popularity and trends regarding cellulosics use may occur based on many factors including functionality, safety, availability, stability, and ease of manufacturing.

Hydrocortisone effect on hyaluronate synthesis in a self-assembled human dermal equivalent.

PubMed

Deshpande, Madhura; Papp, Suzanne; Schaffer, Lana; Pouyani, Tara

2016-10-01

Human dermal matrix is a 'self-assembled' dermal equivalent containing large amounts of the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronic acid (hyaluronate, hyaluronan, HA). We sought to investigate the actions of the hormone hydrocortisone on hyaluronate synthesis in the human dermal matrix. To this end, human dermal fibroblasts were cultured under serum-free conditions, and in the absence of a three-dimensional matrix, in the presence of varying amounts of hydrocortisone. The resultant human dermal matrices were characterized. We report that low concentrations of hydrocortisone enhance hyaluronate synthesis in the human dermal equivalent and higher concentrations cause inhibition of hyaluronate synthesis. Other glycosaminoglycan (chondroitin sulphate) synthesis is not affected by changing hydrocortisone concentrations up to 500× (200 µg/ml) of the base value. In order to gain preliminary insight into the molecular mechanism of hyaluronate inhibition, a differential gene array analysis was conducted of human dermal matrix grown in the presence of 200 µg/ml hydrocortisone and in a physiological concentration (0.4 µg/ml, normal conditions). The results of these experiments demonstrate the differential expression of 43 genes in the 500× (200 µg/ml) hydrocortisone construct as compared to the construct grown under normal conditions (0.4 µg/ml hydrocortisone). These preliminary experiments suggest that hydrocortisone at higher concentrations may exert its inhibitory effect on hyaluronate synthesis early in the glycolytic pathway, leading to HA biosynthesis by downregulation of phosphoglucomutase and glucose phosphate isomerase, possibly leading to depletion of the cellular pool of UDP-sugar precursors necessary for HA synthesis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A randomized controlled experimental study of the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma and hyaluronic acid for the prevention of adhesion formation in a rat uterine horn model.

PubMed

Oz, Murat; Cetinkaya, Nilufer; Bas, Sevda; Korkmaz, Elmas; Ozgu, Emre; Terzioglu, Gokay Serdar; Buyukkagnici, Umran; Akbay, Serap; Caydere, Muzaffer; Gungor, Tayfun

2016-09-01

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been known to possess an efficacy in tissue regeneration. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PRP on post-operative adhesion formation in an experimental rat study. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control, hyaluronic acid, and PRP treatment groups and operated on for uterine horn adhesion modeling. Blood was collected to produce a PRP with platelet counts of 688 × 10(3)/μL, and 1 ml of either hyaluronic acid gel or PRP was administered over the standard lesions, while the control group received no medication. The evaluation of post-operative adhesions was done on the 30th post-operative day. The location, extent, type, and tenacity of adhesions as well as total adhesion scores, tissue inflammation, fibrosis and transforming growth factor-1beta (TGF-1β) expressions were evaluated. The total adhesion score was significantly lower in the PRP group (3.2 ± 1.5) compared with the hyaluronic acid (5.0 ± 1.3) and control (8.1 ± 1.7) groups. The extent of the adhesions was significantly lower in the PRP group. There was no significant difference in the type and tenacity of adhesions between the hyaluronic acid and the PRP group. The level of inflammation was significantly higher in the control group than the others, while there was no difference between the PRP and hyaluronic acid groups. TGF-1β expression was significantly lesser in the PRP group than the control and hyaluronic acid groups. PRP is more effective than hyaluronic acid treatment in preventing post-operative adhesion formation in an experimental rat uterine horn adhesion model.

The use of hyaluronic and aminocaproic acid in the treatment of alveolar osteitis.

PubMed

Dubovina, Dejan; Mihailović, Branko; Bukumirić, Zoran; Vlahović, Zoran; Miladinović, Milan; Miković, Nikola; Lazić, Zoran

2016-11-01

Alveolar osteitis (AO), also known as “dry socket”, is relatively common post-extraction complication. It probably occurs due to excessive fibrinolytic activity in the coagulum and is characterized by intense pain sensations. The aim of this clinical study was to examine the role of hyaluronic acid and aminocaproic acid in the treatment of AO. The study included 60 patients with the clinical diagnosis of AO. All the patients were divided into two groups of 30 patients each according to the applied non-pharmacological measure: irrigation – irrigation of dry socket with sterile saline; curettage – careful curettage. Both of these groups were further divided into three subgroups regarding the applied treatment (hyaluronic acid; hyaluronic acid + aminocaproic acid; Alvogyl ®, an anesthetic and antiseptic paste), each with 10 patients, according to the following protocol: 0.2 mL of hyaluronic acid in the form of a 0.8% gel; 2 mL of aminocaproic acid and hyaluronic acid; Alvogyl®. During each visit, scheduled for every two days until complete absence of painful sensations, the patients had the therapeutic method repeated as at the first examination. At each control visit the number of present symptoms and signs of AO was recorded, as well as the level of pain (measured with a visual analogue scale). With the use of hyaluronic acid, with or without aminocaproic one, a statistically significantly faster reduction in pain sensations was achieved, along with the reduction in the number of symptoms and signs of AO compared to the use of Alvogyl®. Hyaluronic acid, applied alone or in combination with aminocaproic acid significantly reduces pain sensation, thus it can be successfully used in the treatment of AO.

Is There a Difference in Intra-Articular Injections of Corticosteroids, Hyaluronate, or Placebo for Temporomandibular Osteoarthritis?

PubMed

Liu, Yan; Wu, Jiashun; Fei, Wei; Cen, Xiao; Xiong, Yi; Wang, Shasha; Tang, Yaling; Liang, Xinhua

2018-03-01

Corticosteroids are widely used for treatment of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA). This study investigated the effects of corticosteroids on TMJOA compared with placebo or hyaluronate. The authors designed and implemented a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effects of intra-articular injection of corticosteroid, hyaluronate, or placebo for patients with TMJOA. The authors searched related randomized controlled studies electronically in multiple English- and Chinese-language electronic databases. The predictor variable was intra-articular injection with corticosteroid, hyaluronate, or placebo. Primary outcome variables were pain intensity and maximal mouth opening. Other variables included success rate and adverse events. Meta-analyses were performed with Rev Man 5.3. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Meta-analysis showed that corticosteroid injections after arthrocentesis were superior to placebo in relieving pain as assessed with the visual analog scale (mean difference [MD], -0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.34 to -0.13; P = .02; I 2  = 0%) in the long-term, but was inferior in increasing maximal mouth opening (MD, -2.06; 95% CI, -2.76 to -1.36; P < .00001; I 2  = 28%). Although corticosteroid and hyaluronate injections without arthrocentesis decreased pain and improved maximal mouth opening, the corticosteroid group had a significantly lower success rate (odds ratio = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.17-1.00; P = .05; I 2  = 0%) than the hyaluronate group in the short term. Corticosteroid injections after arthrocentesis are recommended for patients with TMJOA to relieve joint pain rather than increase maximal mouth opening. Corticosteroid and hyaluronate have marked effectiveness on TMJOA; however, hyaluronate might be the better alternative to some extent. Copyright © 2017 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cashew apple juice as microbial cultivation medium for non-immunogenic hyaluronic acid production.

PubMed

Oliveira, Adriano H; Ogrodowski, Cristiane C; de Macedo, André C; Santana, Maria Helena A; Gonçalves, Luciana R B

2013-12-01

In this work, natural cashew apple juice was used as cultivation medium as an alternative to substitute brain heart infusion medium. The effect of aeration and juice supplementation with yeast extract on the production of hyaluronic acid in batch fermentation was also investigated. Similar levels of cell mass were obtained in inoculum using cashew apple juice supplemented with yeast extract or the conventional brain heart infusion medium. Fermentation in Erlenmeyer flasks produced low biomass and hyaluronic acid concentrations. The hyaluronic acid concentration and viscosity increased from 0.15 g/L and 3.87 cP (no aeration or medium supplementation) to 1.76 g/L and 107 cP, when aeration (2 vvm) and 60 g/L of yeast extract were used. The results suggest the production of low-molecular weight hyaluronic acid oligomers instead of the high molecular weight polymer.

Cashew apple juice as microbial cultivation medium for non-immunogenic hyaluronic acid production

PubMed Central

Oliveira, Adriano H.; Ogrodowski, Cristiane C.; de Macedo, André C.; Santana, Maria Helena A.; Gonçalves, Luciana R.B.

2013-01-01

In this work, natural cashew apple juice was used as cultivation medium as an alternative to substitute brain heart infusion medium. The effect of aeration and juice supplementation with yeast extract on the production of hyaluronic acid in batch fermentation was also investigated. Similar levels of cell mass were obtained in inoculum using cashew apple juice supplemented with yeast extract or the conventional brain heart infusion medium. Fermentation in Erlenmeyer flasks produced low biomass and hyaluronic acid concentrations. The hyaluronic acid concentration and viscosity increased from 0.15 g/L and 3.87 cP (no aeration or medium supplementation) to 1.76 g/L and 107 cP, when aeration (2 vvm) and 60 g/L of yeast extract were used. The results suggest the production of low-molecular weight hyaluronic acid oligomers instead of the high molecular weight polymer. PMID:24688498

Physics of soft hyaluronic acid-collagen type II double network gels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozova, Svetlana; Muthukumar, Murugappan

2015-03-01

Many biological hydrogels are made up of multiple interpenetrating, charged components. We study the swelling, elastic diffusion, mechanical, and optical behaviors of 100 mol% ionizable hyaluronic acid (HA) and collagen type II fiber networks. Dilute, 0.05-0.5 wt% hyaluronic acid networks are extremely sensitive to solution salt concentration, but are stable at pH above 2. When swelled in 0.1M NaCl, single-network hyaluronic acid gels follow scaling laws relevant to high salt semidilute solutions; the elastic shear modulus G' and diffusion constant D scale with the volume fraction ϕ as G' ~ϕ 9 / 4 and D ~ϕ 3 / 4 , respectively. With the addition of a collagen fiber network, we find that the hyaluronic acid network swells to suspend the rigid collagen fibers, providing extra strength to the hydrogel. Results on swelling equilibria, elasticity, and collective diffusion on these double network hydrogels will be presented.

Design of Cell-Matrix Interactions in Hyaluronic Acid Hydrogel Scaffolds

PubMed Central

Segura, Tatiana

2013-01-01

The design of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogel scaffolds to elicit highly controlled and tunable cell response and behavior is a major field of interest in developing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. This review will begin with an overview of the biological context of hyaluronic acid, knowledge needed to better understand how to engineer cell-matrix interactions in the scaffolds via the incorporation of different types of signals in order to direct and control cell behavior. Specifically, recent methods of incorporating various bioactive, mechanical, and spatial signals are reviewed, as well as novel hyaluronic acid modifications and crosslinking schemes with a focus on specificity. PMID:23899481

Viscosupplementation of the knee: Three cases of acute Pseudoseptic Arthritis with painful and irritating complications and a literature review

PubMed Central

Aydın, Murat; Arıkan, Murat; Toğral, Güray; Varış, Onur; Aydın, Güle

2017-01-01

Acute pseudoseptic arthritis is a very rare complication that is associated with intra-articular hyaluronic acid injections, which normally involve minimal risk. The most common adverse events that are caused by hyaluronic acid injections are inflammatory reactions or flares at the injection site. In this study, we described three cases of acute pseudoseptic arthritis that was caused by hyaluronic acid; the symptoms in these cases were reminiscent of acute septic arthritis. Moreover, we performed a literature review on pseudoseptic arthritis following hyaluronic acid injections to determine the manner in which this condition can be described, diagnosed, and treated. PMID:28293455

Rooster comb hyaluronate-protein, a non-covalently linked complex.

PubMed Central

Tsiganos, C P; Vynios, D H; Kalpaxis, D L

1986-01-01

Hyaluronate from rooster comb was isolated by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose from tissue extracts and papain digests. The preparations were labelled with [14C]acetic anhydride and subjected to CsCl-density-gradient centrifugation in 4 M-guanidinium chloride in the presence and absence of 4% ZwittergentTM 3-12. A radioactive protein fraction was separated from the hyaluronate when the zwitterionic detergent was also present. The protein could also be separated from the glycosaminoglycan by chromatography on Sepharose CL-6B eluted with the same solvent mixture. The protein fraction contained three protein bands of Mr 15,000-17,000 as assessed by polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis in 0.1% SDS, and seemed to lack lysozyme activity. No evidence of other protein or amino acid(s) covalently linked with the hyaluronate was obtained. The hyaluronate-protein complex may be re-formed upon mixing the components, the extent of its formation depending on the conditions used. The results show that, as in chondrosarcoma [Mason, d'Arville, Kimura & Hascall (1982) Biochem. J. 207, 445-457] and teratocarcinoma cells [Prehm (1983) Biochem. J. 211, 191-198] the rooster comb hyaluronate also is not linked covalently to a core protein. PMID:3741374

Topically administered hyaluronic acid in the upper airway: A narrative review.

PubMed

Pignataro, Lorenzo; Marchisio, Paola; Ibba, Tullio; Torretta, Sara

2018-01-01

Hyaluronic acid plays a role in controlling inflammatory airway processes and mucociliary clearance, and it is also involved in tissue healing and remodelling. Some studies have tested the effectiveness of topically administered hyaluronic acid in patients with upper airway diseases with positive preliminary results. This article describes the use of topically administered hyaluronic acid in patients with otolaryngological disorders. Pertinent studies published between January 2000 and October 2016 were selected by means of a MEDLINE search using the following terms: 'hyaluronic acid' and 'otolaryngology', 'otitis', 'pharyngitis', 'tonsillitis', 'rhinitis', 'rhinosinusitis' and 'nose'. Twelve of the 19 initially identified papers were selected, corresponding to 902 patients as a whole. There is some evidence that topically administered hyaluronic acid is effective or moderately effective in different otolaryngological conditions, as it improves the global subjective and clinical status of patients with inflammation of the nasopharyngeal and oto-tubaric complex, those with rhinitis or rhinosinusitis and those who have undergone nasal and sinonasal surgery. However, these findings should be viewed cautiously as they are based on a limited number of studies, some of which were probably under-powered because of their small patient samples.

Utilizing hyaluronic acid as a versatile platform for fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based glucose sensing.

PubMed

Ge, Minghao; Bai, Pengli; Chen, Mingli; Tian, Jingjing; Hu, Jun; Zhi, Xu; Yin, Huancai; Yin, Jian

2018-03-01

Here, we utilized the ultrasonic emulsification technique to generate hyaluronic acid microspheres incorporating a fluorescence-based glucose biosensor. We synthesized a novel lanthanide ion luminophore based on Eu 3+ . Eu sulfosuccinimidyl dextran (Eu-dextran) and Alexa Fluor 647 sulfosuccinimidyl-ConA (Alexa Fluor 647-ConA) were encapsulated in hyaluronic acid hydrogel to generate microspheres. Glucose sensing was carried out using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based assay principle. A proportional fluorescence intensity increase was found within a 0.5-10-mM glucose concentration range. The glucose-sensing strategy showed an excellent tolerance for potential interferents. Meanwhile, the fluorescent signal of hyaluronic acid microspheres was very stable after testing for 72 h in glucose solution. Overall, hyaluronic acid microspheres encapsulating sensing biomolecules offer a stable and biocompatible biosensor for a variety of applications including cell culture systems, tissue engineering, detection of blood glucose, etc. Graphical abstract We report an ingenious biosensor encapsulated in hyaluronic acid microspheres for monitoring of glucose. Glucose sensing is carried out using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based assay principle with a novel lanthanide ions luminophore. The glucose detection system has excellent biocompatibility and stability for monitoring of glucose.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of a sublingual fentanyl wafer formulation

PubMed Central

Lim, Stephen CB; Paech, Michael J; Sunderland, Bruce; Liu, Yandi

2013-01-01

Background The objective of this study was to prepare a novel fentanyl wafer formulation by a freeze-drying method, and to evaluate its in vitro and in vivo release characteristics, including its bioavailability via the sublingual route. Methods The wafer formulation was prepared by freeze-drying an aqueous dispersion of fentanyl containing sodium carboxymethylcellulose and amylogum as matrix formers. Uniformity of weight, friability, and dissolution testing of the fentanyl wafer was achieved using standard methods, and the residual moisture content was measured. The fentanyl wafer was also examined using scanning electron microscopy and x-ray diffraction. The absolute bioavailability of the fentanyl wafer was evaluated in 11 opioid-naïve adult female patients using a randomized crossover design. Results In vitro release showed that almost 90% of the fentanyl dissolved in one minute. In vivo, the first detectable plasma fentanyl concentration was observed after 3.5 minutes and the peak plasma concentration between 61.5 and 67 minutes. The median absolute bioavailability was 53.0%. Conclusion These results indicate that this wafer has potential as an alternative sublingual fentanyl formulation. PMID:23596347

Formulation and In Vitro Characterization of Thiolated Buccoadhesive Film of Fluconazole.

PubMed

Naz, Kiran; Shahnaz, Gul; Ahmed, Naveed; Qureshi, Naveeda Akhtar; Sarwar, Hafiz Shoaib; Imran, Muhammad; Khan, Gul Majid

2017-05-01

The present work is focused on the development of thiolated film for fluconazole buccal delivery. To this end, unmodified polymers chitosan and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) backbone was covalently modified by thioglycolic acid (TGA) and cysteine, respectively. The thiolated buccoadhesive film was evaluated in terms of thickness, weight uniformity, water-uptake capacity, drug content, and release patterns. Moreover, mucoadhesion profile was investigated on buccal mucosa. The resulting chitosan-TGA and NaCMC-cysteine conjugates displayed 171 ± 13 and 380 ± 19 μmol thiol groups per gram of polymer (mean ± SD; n = 3), respectively. The water binding capacity of the thiolated film was significantly ∼2-fold higher (p < 0.05) as compared to unmodified film. The obtained thiolated film displayed 5.8-fold higher mucoadhesive properties compared with corresponding film. Controlled release of drugs from film was observed over 8 h. The transport of fluconazole across excised buccal mucosa was enhanced up to 17-fold in comparison with fluconazole applied in buffer. Based on these findings, thiolated film seems to be promising for fluconazole buccal delivery.

Injectable CMC/PEI gel as an in vivo scaffold for demineralized bone matrix.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung Sook; Kang, Yun Mi; Lee, Ju Young; Kim, E Sle; Kim, Chun Ho; Min, Byoung Hyun; Lee, Hai Bang; Kim, Jae Ho; Kim, Moon Suk

2009-01-01

A number of materials have been considered as sources of grafts to repair bone defects. Here, we examined the possibility of creating in situ-forming gels from sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) for use as an in vivo carrier of demineralized bone matrix (DBM). The interaction between anionic CMC and cationic PEI was examined by evaluating phase transition behavior and viscosity of CMC solutions containing 0-30 wt% PEI. CMC solutions containing 10 wt% PEI exhibited a sol-to-gel phase transition at temperatures greater than 35 degrees C. The phase transition is caused by electrostatic crosslinking of the CMC/PEI solution to form a gel with a three-dimensional network structure. In situ-formed gel implants were successfully fabricated in vivo by simple subcutaneous injection of the CMC/PEI (90/10) solution (with and without DBM) into Fisher rats. The resulting in situ-formed implant maintained its shape for 28 days in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that in situ-forming CMC/PEI gels can serve as a DBM carrier that can be delivered with a minimally invasive procedure.

Intra-articular viscosupplementation of hyaluronic acids in an experimental osteoarthritis model.

PubMed

Oliveira, Marcello Zaia; Albano, Mauro Batista; Stirma, Guilherme Augusto; Namba, Mario Massatomo; Vidigal, Leandro; Cunha, Luiz Antonio Munhoz da

2018-01-01

To analyze, from the immunohistochemical perspective, the effects of hyaluronic acid of different molecular weights in an experimental model of osteoarthritis in rabbits. Forty-four male California rabbits were randomly assigned to three different groups (PR, S, and P) and submitted to the resection of the anterior cruciate ligament of the right knee. Three weeks after the surgical procedure, three intra-articular weekly injections were carried out with low-molecular-weight native hyaluronic acid (Hyalgan ® ) to PR group, high molecular weight branched chain hyaluronic acid (Synvisc ® ) to group S, and saline solution 0.9% to group P. All animals were sacrificed 12 weeks after the surgical procedure, and the tibial plateaus of the infiltrated knees were then dissected. Histological sections of cartilage from the tibial plateau support areas were stained with immunohistochemical markers in order to investigate the amount of metalloproteases (MMPs 3 and 13) and their inhibitors (TIMPs 1 and 3). The staining intensity was quantified on a Zeiss Imager.Z2 Metasystems microscope and analyzed by Metafer4 Msearch software. The chondroprotective effect of the hyaluronic acids used in the study was demonstrated when compared to the control group. However, the comparison between them presented no significant statistical difference regarding chondroprotection. The injection of saline solution demonstrated signs of OA development, while adding native hyaluronic acid of low molecular weight (Hyalgan ® ) and hyaluronic acid of high molecular weight (Synvisc ® ) protected the articular cartilage in this model of OA.

High and Low Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid Differentially Regulate Human Fibrocyte Differentiation

PubMed Central

Maharjan, Anu S.; Pilling, Darrell; Gomer, Richard H.

2011-01-01

Background Following tissue injury, monocytes can enter the tissue and differentiate into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes, but little is known about what regulates this differentiation. Extracellular matrix contains high molecular weight hyaluronic acid (HMWHA; ∼2×106 Da). During injury, HMWHA breaks down to low molecular weight hyaluronic acid (LMWHA; ∼0.8–8×105 Da). Methods and Findings In this report, we show that HMWHA potentiates the differentiation of human monocytes into fibrocytes, while LMWHA inhibits fibrocyte differentiation. Digestion of HMWHA with hyaluronidase produces small hyaluronic acid fragments, and these fragments inhibit fibrocyte differentiation. Monocytes internalize HMWHA and LMWHA equally well, suggesting that the opposing effects on fibrocyte differentiation are not due to differential internalization of HMWHA or LMWHA. Adding HMWHA to PBMC does not appear to affect the levels of the hyaluronic acid receptor CD44, whereas adding LMWHA decreases CD44 levels. The addition of anti-CD44 antibodies potentiates fibrocyte differentiation, suggesting that CD44 mediates at least some of the effect of hyaluronic acid on fibrocyte differentiation. The fibrocyte differentiation-inhibiting factor serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits HMWHA-induced fibrocyte differentiation and potentiates LMWHA-induced inhibition. Conversely, LMWHA inhibits the ability of HMWHA, interleukin-4 (IL-4), or interleukin-13 (IL-13) to promote fibrocyte differentiation. Conclusions We hypothesize that hyaluronic acid signals at least in part through CD44 to regulate fibrocyte differentiation, with a dominance hierarchy of SAP>LMWHA≥HMWHA>IL-4 or IL-13. PMID:22022512

Nanoparticle Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics for Ocular Vesicant Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

nanoparticles to smaller size with higher stability in physiological media, optimized a protocol to surface-coat nucleic acid nanoparticles with hyaluronic acid ...nanoparticle tissue retention and cell uptake by conjugating cell adhesion ligand to nanoparticles and by surface coating of hyaluronic acid to... hyaluronic acid , and retain the stability of the nanoparticles. Identified the conditions using reversible crosslinking density to stabilize siRNA

Phycocyanin-encapsulating hyalurosomes as carrier for skin delivery and protection from oxidative stress damage.

PubMed

Castangia, Ines; Manca, Maria Letizia; Catalán-Latorre, Ana; Maccioni, Anna Maria; Fadda, Anna Maria; Manconi, Maria

2016-04-01

The phycobiliprotein phycocyanin, extracted from Klamath algae, possesses important biological properties but it is characterized by a low bioavailability due to its high molecular weight. To overcome the bioavailability problems, phycocyanin was successfully encapsulated, using an environmentally-friendly method, into hyalurosomes, a new kind of phospholipid vesicles immobilised with hyaluronan sodium salt by the simple addition of drug/sodium hyaluronate water dispersion to phospholipids. Liposomes were used as a comparison. Vesicles were small in size and homogeneously dispersed, being the mean size always smaller than 150 nm and PI never higher than 0.31. Liposomes were unilamellar and spherical, the addition of the polymer slightly modify the vesicular shape which remain spherical, while the addition of PEG improve the lamellarity of vesicles being multilamellar vesicles. In all cases phycocyanin was encapsulated in good amount especially using hyalurosomes and PEG hyalurosomes (65 and 61% respectively). In vitro penetration studies suggested that hyalurosomes favoured the phycocyanin deposition in the deeper skin layers probably thanks to their peculiar hyaluronan-phospholipid structure. Moreover, hyalurosomes were highly biocompatible and improved phycocyanin antioxidant activity on stressed human keratinocytes respect to the drug solution.

Conducting Polymeric Hydrogel Electrolyte Based on Carboxymethylcellulose and Polyacrylamide/Polyaniline for Supercapacitor Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suganya, N.; Jaisankar, V.; Sivakumar, E. K. T.

Conducting polymer hydrogels represent a unique class of materials that possess enormous application in flexible electronic devices. In the present work, conducting carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-co-polyacrylamide (PAAm)/polyaniline was synthesized by a two-step interpenetrating network solution polymerization technique. The synthesized CMC-co-PAAm/polyaniline with interpenetrating network structure was prepared by in situ polymerization of aniline to enhance conductivity. The molecular structure and morphology of the copolymer hydrogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The novel conducting polymer hydrogels show good electrical and electrochemical behavior, which makes them potentially useful in electronic devices such as supercapacitors, biosensors, bioelectronics, solar cells and memory devices.

Middle ear application of a sodium hyaluronate gel loaded with neomycin in a Guinea pig model.

PubMed

Saber, Amanj; Laurell, Göran; Bramer, Tobias; Edsman, Katarina; Engmér, Cecilia; Ulfendahl, Mats

2009-02-01

Establishing methods for topical administration of drugs to the inner ear have great clinical relevance and potential even in a relatively short perspective. To evaluate the efficacy of sodium hyaluronate (HYA) as a vehicle for drugs that could be used for treatment of inner ear disorders. The cochlear hair cell loss and round window membrane (RWM) morphology were investigated after topical application of neomycin and HYA into the middle ear. Sixty-five albino guinea pigs were used and divided into groups depending on the type of the treatment. Neomycin was chosen as tracer for drug release and pharmacodynamic effect. HYA loaded with 3 different concentrations of neomycin was injected to the middle ear cavity of guinea pigs. Phalloidin stained surface preparations of the organ of Corti were used to estimate hair cell loss induced by neomycin. The thickness of the midportion of the RWM was measured and compared with that of controls using light and electron microscopy. All animal procedures were pe rformed in accordance with the ethical standards of Karolinska Institutet. Neomycin induced a considerable hair cell loss in guinea pigs receiving a middle ear injection of HYA loaded with the drug, demonstrating that neomycin was released from the gel and delivered to the inner ear. The resulting hair cell loss showed a clear dose-dependence. Only small differences in hair cell loss were noted between animals receiving neomycin solution and animals exposed to neomycin in HYA suggesting that the vehicle neither facilitated nor hindered drug transport between the middle ear cavity and the inner ear. One week after topical application, the thickness of the RWM had increased and was dependent upon the concentration of neomycin administered to the middle ear. At 4 weeks the thickness of the RWM had returned to normal. HYA is a safe vehicle for drugs aimed to pass into the inner ear through the RWM. Neomycin was released from HYA and transported into the inner ear as evidenced by hair cell loss.

Evaluation of Hyaluronic Acid Dilutions at Different Concentrations Using a Quartz Crystal Resonator (QCR) for the Potential Diagnosis of Arthritic Diseases

PubMed Central

Ahumada, Luis Armando Carvajal; González, Marco Xavier Rivera; Sandoval, Oscar Leonardo Herrera; Olmedo, José Javier Serrano

2016-01-01

The main objective of this article is to demonstrate through experimental means the capacity of the quartz crystal resonator (QCR) to characterize biological samples of aqueous dilutions of hyaluronic acid according to their viscosity and how this capacity may be useful in the potential diagnosis of arthritic diseases. The synovial fluid is viscous due to the presence of hyaluronic acid, synthesized by synovial lining cells (type B), and secreted into the synovial fluid thus making the fluid viscous. In consequence, aqueous dilutions of hyaluronic acid may be used as samples to emulate the synovial fluid. Due to the viscoelastic and pseudo-plastic behavior of hyaluronic acid, it is necessary to use the Rouse model in order to obtain viscosity values comparable with viscometer measures. A Fungilab viscometer (rheometer) was used to obtain reference measures of the viscosity in each sample in order to compare them with the QCR prototype measures. PMID:27879675

3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen with the addition of hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Sionkowska, Alina; Kaczmarek, Beata; Lewandowska, Katarzyna; Grabska, Sylwia; Pokrywczyńska, Marta; Kloskowski, Tomasz; Drewa, Tomasz

2016-08-01

3D porous composites based on blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were obtained through the lyophilization process. Mechanical properties, swelling behavior and thermal stability of the blends were studied. Moreover, SEM images were taken and the structure of the blends was studied. Biological properties of the materials obtained were investigated by analyzing of proliferation rate of fibroblast cells incubated with biomaterial extract using MTT assay (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide). The results showed that the properties of 3D composites based on the blends of chitosan and collagen were altered after the addition 1%, 2% and 5% of hyaluronic acid. Mechanical properties and thermal stability of chitosan/collagen blends were improved in the presence of hyaluronic acid in the composite. New 3D materials based on the blends of chitosan, collagen and hyaluronic acid were non-toxic and did not significantly affect cell morphology. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Alginate Microcapsules Incorporating Hyaluronic Acid Recreate Closer in Vivo Environment for Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

PubMed

Cañibano-Hernández, Alberto; Saenz Del Burgo, Laura; Espona-Noguera, Albert; Orive, Gorka; Hernández, Rosa M; Ciriza, Jesús; Pedraz, Jose Luis

2017-07-03

The potential clinical application of alginate cell microencapsulation has advanced enormously during the past decade. However, the 3D environment created by alginate beads does not mimic the natural extracellular matrix surrounding cells in vivo, responsible of cell survival and functionality. As one of the most frequent macromolecules present in the extracellular matrix is hyaluronic acid, we have formed hybrid beads with alginate and hyaluronic acid recreating a closer in vivo cell environment. Our results show that 1% alginate-0.25% hyaluronic acid microcapsules retain 1.5% alginate physicochemical properties. Moreover, mesenchymal stem cells encapsulated in these hybrid beads show enhanced viability therapeutic protein release and mesenchymal stem cells' potential to differentiate into chondrogenic lineage. Although future studies with additional proteins need to be done in order to approach even more the extracellular matrix features, we have shown that hyaluronic acid protects alginate encapsulated mesenchymal stem cells by providing a niche-like environment and remaining them competent as a sustainable drug delivery system.

Thiolated polymers: evaluation of their potential as dermoadhesive excipients.

PubMed

Grießinger, Julia Anita; Bonengel, Sonja; Partenhauser, Alexandra; Ijaz, Muhammad; Bernkop-Schnürch, Andreas

2017-02-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare four different thiolated polymers regarding their dermoadhesive potential. Therefore, three hydrophilic polymers (poly(acrylic acid), Carbopol 971 and carboxymethylcellulose) and a lipophilic polymer (silicone oil) were chosen to generate thiolated polymers followed by characterization. The total work of adhesion (TWA) and the maximum detachment force (MDF) of formulations containing modified and unmodified polymers were investigated on skin obtained from pig ears using a tensile sandwich technique. The synthesis of thiolated polymers provided 564 µmol, 1079 µmol, 482 µmol and 217 µmol thiol groups per gram poly(acrylic acid), Carbopol 971, carboxymethylcellulose and silicone oil, respectively. Hydrogels containing poly(acrylic acid)-cysteine, Carbopol 971-cysteine, and carboxymethylcellulose-cysteamine exhibited a 6-fold, 25-fold and 9-fold prolonged adhesion on porcine skin than the hydrogel formulations prepared from the corresponding unmodified polymers, respectively. Furthermore, thiolation of silicone oil with thioglycolic acid led to a 5-fold improvement in adhesion compared to the unmodified silicone oil. A comparison between the four thiolated polymer formulations showed a clear correlation between the amount of coupled thiol groups and the TWA. According to these results thiomers might also be useful excipients to provide a prolonged dermal resistance time of various formulations.

Physiochemical properties and application of hyaluronic acid: a systematic review.

PubMed

Salwowska, Natalia M; Bebenek, Katarzyna A; Żądło, Dominika A; Wcisło-Dziadecka, Dominika L

2016-12-01

Hyaluronic acid is a widely available, biocompatible, polysaccharide with distinguishing physiochemical properties which inspire its application throughout several fields of medicine. We aim to investigate the application of hyaluronic acid and its effectiveness throughout several fields of medicine, including several therapies administered and prescribed by general health practitioners. We conducted a systematic review on randomized controlled trials about the physiochemical properties of hyaluronic acid and its application through primary care. Studies included in this review were peer reviewed and met our inclusion criteria. Factors were clustered into the following: uses throughout several fields of medicine, physiochemical properties, bioavailability, tolerance, effectiveness, and adverse effects. Therapies with hyaluronic acid provided long-lasting, pain relieving, moisturizing, lubricating, and dermal filling effect. Tissue hydration, elasticity, and durability improved. Adjunct therapy with hyaluronic acid provides longer-lasting therapeutic effect when compared to the use of glucocorticosteroids and NSAIDs in osteoarthritic chronic diseases, is well-established in ophthalmology due to its lubricating properties for the corneal endothelium, and improves tissue hydration and cellular resistance to mechanical damage in aesthetic dermatology, and has marginal adverse effects. Several trials indicated its role in tumor markers, liver diseases, and in pharmaceuticals, but further research would be necessary to draw conclusive results in those fields. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Molecular Dynamic Analysis of Hyaluronic Acid and Phospholipid Interaction in Tribological Surgical Adjuvant Design for Osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Siódmiak, Jacek; Bełdowski, Piotr; Augé, Wayne K; Ledziński, Damian; Śmigiel, Sandra; Gadomski, Adam

2017-09-04

Tribological surgical adjuvants constitute a therapeutic discipline made possible by surgical advances in the treatment of damaged articular cartilage beyond palliative care. The purpose of this study is to analyze interactions between hyaluronic acid and phospholipid molecules, and the formation of geometric forms, that play a role in the facilitated lubrication of synovial joint organ systems. The analysis includes an evaluation of the pathologic state to detail conditions that may be encountered by adjuvants during surgical convalescence. The synovial fluid changes in pH, hyaluronic acid polydispersity, and phospholipid concentration associated with osteoarthritis are presented as features that influence the lubricating properties of adjuvant candidates. Molecular dynamic simulation studies are presented, and the Rouse model is deployed, to rationalize low molecular weight hyaluronic acid behavior in an osteoarthritic environment of increased pH and phospholipid concentration. The results indicate that the hyaluronic acid radius of gyration time evolution is both pH- and phospholipid concentration-dependent. Specifically, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine induces hydrophobic interactions in the system, causing low molecular weight hyaluronic acid to shrink and at high concentration be absorbed into phospholipid vesicles. Low molecular weight hyaluronic acid appears to be insufficient for use as a tribological surgical adjuvant because an increased pH and phospholipid concentration induces decreased crosslinking that prevents the formation of supramolecular lubricating forms. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine remains an adjuvant candidate for certain clinical situations. The need to reconcile osteoarthritic phenotypes is a prerequisite that should serve as a framework for future adjuvant design and subsequent tribological testing.

Cyclic phosphatidic acid and lysophosphatidic acid induce hyaluronic acid synthesis via CREB transcription factor regulation in human skin fibroblasts.

PubMed

Maeda-Sano, Katsura; Gotoh, Mari; Morohoshi, Toshiro; Someya, Takao; Murofushi, Hiromu; Murakami-Murofushi, Kimiko

2014-09-01

Cyclic phosphatidic acid (cPA) is a naturally occurring phospholipid mediator and an analog of the growth factor-like phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). cPA has a unique cyclic phosphate ring at the sn-2 and sn-3 positions of its glycerol backbone. We showed before that a metabolically stabilized cPA derivative, 2-carba-cPA, relieved osteoarthritis pathogenesis in vivo and induced hyaluronic acid synthesis in human osteoarthritis synoviocytes in vitro. This study focused on hyaluronic acid synthesis in human fibroblasts, which retain moisture and maintain health in the dermis. We investigated the effects of cPA and LPA on hyaluronic acid synthesis in human fibroblasts (NB1RGB cells). Using particle exclusion and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, we found that both cPA and LPA dose-dependently induced hyaluronic acid synthesis. We revealed that the expression of hyaluronan synthase 2 messenger RNA and protein is up-regulated by cPA and LPA treatment time dependently. We then characterized the signaling pathways up-regulating hyaluronic acid synthesis mediated by cPA and LPA in NB1RGB cells. Pharmacological inhibition and reporter gene assays revealed that the activation of the LPA receptor LPAR1, Gi/o protein, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K), extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein (CREB) but not nuclear factor κB induced hyaluronic acid synthesis by the treatment with cPA and LPA in NB1RGB cells. These results demonstrate for the first time that cPA and LPA induce hyaluronic acid synthesis in human skin fibroblasts mainly through the activation of LPAR1-Gi/o followed by the PI3K, ERK, and CREB signaling pathway. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of the Hyaluronic Acid Vaginal Cream and Conjugated Estrogen Used in Treatment of Vaginal Atrophy of Menopause Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Jokar, Azam; Davari, Tayebe; Asadi, Nasrin; Ahmadi, Fateme; Foruhari, Sedighe

2016-01-01

Vaginal atrophy is a common complication in menopause which does not improve with time and, if untreated, can affect the quality of life for women. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the vaginal cream of hyaluronic acid and conjugated estrogen (Premarin) in treatment of vaginal atrophy. This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 56 menopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy; they were randomly allocated to two groups (recipient conjugated estrogen and hyaluronic acid). The severity of each sign of atrophy was evaluated by visual analog signals (VAS) and on the basis of a four point scale. Also to recognize the cellular maturation with pap smear and the maturation degree were calculated according to the formula and scores 0-100. As to the vaginal PH, we used PH marker band, the rate of which was divided into 4 degrees. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and P≤0.05 was considered as significant. The results of this study showed that the symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with the baseline level were relieved significantly in both groups. Dryness, itching, maturation index, PH and composite score of the vaginal symptoms were relieved significantly in both groups (P<0.001). Dyspareunia in Premarin (P<0.05) and hyaluronic acid (P<0.001) decreased compared with pre-treatment. Urinary incontinence only showed improvement in the hyaluronic acid group (P<0.05). Improvement in urinary incontinence, dryness, maturation index (P<0.05) and composite score of vaginal symptoms (P<0.001) in the hyaluronic acid group was better than those in the Premarin group. According to the results of the present study, hyaluronic acid and conjugated estrogen improved the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. But hyaluronic acid was more effective and this drug is suggested for those who do not want to or cannot take local hormone treatment. IRCT2013022712644N1.

A hybrid composite system of biphasic calcium phosphate granules loaded with hyaluronic acid-gelatin hydrogel for bone regeneration.

PubMed

Faruq, Omar; Kim, Boram; Padalhin, Andrew R; Lee, Gun Hee; Lee, Byong-Taek

2017-10-01

An ideal bone substitute should be made of biocompatible materials that mimic the structure, characteristics, and functions of natural bone. Many researchers have worked on the fabrication of different bone scaffold systems including ceramic-polymer hybrid system. In the present study, we incorporated hyaluronic acid-gelatin hydrogel to micro-channeled biphasic calcium phosphate granules as a carrier to improve cell attachment and proliferation through highly interconnected porous structure. This hybrid system is composed of ceramic biphasic calcium phosphate granules measuring 1 mm in diameter with seven holes and hyaluronic acid-gelatin hydrogel. This combination of biphasic calcium phosphate and hyaluronic acid-gelatin retained suitable characteristics for bone regeneration. The resulting scaffold had a porosity of 56% with a suitable pore sizes. The mechanical strength of biphasic calcium phosphate granule increased after loading hyaluronic acid-gelatin from 4.26 ± 0.43 to 6.57 ± 0.25 MPa, which is highly recommended for cancellous bone substitution. Swelling and degradation rates decreased in the hybrid scaffold compared to hydrogel due to the presence of granules in hybrid scaffold. In vitro cytocompatibility studies were observed by preosteoblasts (MC3T3-E1) cell line and the result revealed that biphasic calcium phosphate/hyaluronic acid-gelatin significantly increased cell growth and proliferation compared to biphasic calcium phosphate granules. Analysis of micro-computed tomography data and stained tissue sections from the implanted samples showed that the hybrid scaffold had good osseointegration and better bone formation in the scaffold one and two months postimplantation. Histological section confirmed the formation of dense collagenous tissue and new bone in biphasic calcium phosphate/hyaluronic acid-gelatin scaffolds at two months. Our study demonstrated that such hybrid biphasic calcium phosphate/hyaluronic acid-gelatin scaffold is a promising system for bone regeneration.

Hyaluronic acid enhances the effect of the PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network hydrogel on chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background A double-network (DN) gel, which was composed of poly-(2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly-(N,N’-dimethyl acrylamide) (PAMPS/PDMAAm), has the potential to induce chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated whether DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in a maintenance medium without insulin, and whether supplementation of hyaluronic acid enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation effect of DN gel. Methods ATDC5 cells were cultured on the DN gel and the polystyrene (PS) dish in maintenance media without insulin for 21 days. Hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of approximately 800 kDa was supplemented into the medium so that the concentration became 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/mL. The cultured cells were evaluated using immunocytochemistry for type-2 collagen and real time PCR for gene expression of type-2 collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9 at 7 and 21 days of culture. Results The cells cultured on the DN gel formed nodules and were stained with an anti-type-2 collagen antibody, and expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA was significantly greater on the DN gel than on the PS dish surface (p < 0.05) in the hyaluronic acid-free maintenance medium. Hyaluronic acid supplementation of a high concentration (1.0 mg/mL) significantly enhanced expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA in comparison with culture without hyaluronic acid at 21 days (p < 0.05). Conclusions The DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells without insulin. This effect was significantly affected by hyaluronic acid, depending on the level of concentration. There is a high possibility that hyaluronic acid plays an important role in the in vivo hyaline cartilage regeneration phenomenon induced by the DN gel. PMID:24997593

Hyaluronic acid enhances the effect of the PAMPS/PDMAAm double-network hydrogel on chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells.

PubMed

Kitamura, Nobuto; Kurokawa, Takayuki; Fukui, Takaaki; Gong, Jian P; Yasuda, Kazunori

2014-07-06

A double-network (DN) gel, which was composed of poly-(2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid) and poly-(N,N'-dimethyl acrylamide) (PAMPS/PDMAAm), has the potential to induce chondrogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The present study investigated whether DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells in a maintenance medium without insulin, and whether supplementation of hyaluronic acid enhanced the chondrogenic differentiation effect of DN gel. ATDC5 cells were cultured on the DN gel and the polystyrene (PS) dish in maintenance media without insulin for 21 days. Hyaluronic acid having a molecular weight of approximately 800 kDa was supplemented into the medium so that the concentration became 0.01, 0.1, or 1.0 mg/mL. The cultured cells were evaluated using immunocytochemistry for type-2 collagen and real time PCR for gene expression of type-2 collagen, aggrecan, and Sox9 at 7 and 21 days of culture. The cells cultured on the DN gel formed nodules and were stained with an anti-type-2 collagen antibody, and expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA was significantly greater on the DN gel than on the PS dish surface (p < 0.05) in the hyaluronic acid-free maintenance medium. Hyaluronic acid supplementation of a high concentration (1.0 mg/mL) significantly enhanced expression of type-2 collagen and aggrecan mRNA in comparison with culture without hyaluronic acid at 21 days (p < 0.05). The DN gel induced chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cells without insulin. This effect was significantly affected by hyaluronic acid, depending on the level of concentration. There is a high possibility that hyaluronic acid plays an important role in the in vivo hyaline cartilage regeneration phenomenon induced by the DN gel.

Biomaterials for the Decorporation of Sr-85 in the Rat

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levitskaia, Tatiana G.; Creim, Jeffrey A.; Curry, Terry L.

2010-09-01

Although four stable isotopes of strontium occur naturally, strontium-90 is produced by nuclear fission and is present in surface soil around the world as a result of fallout from atmospheric nuclear weapons tests. It can easily transfer to man in the event of a nuclear/radiological emergency or through the plant-animal-human food chain causing long-term exposures. Strontium is chemically and biologically similar to calcium, and is incorporated primarily into bone following internal deposition. Alginic acid (alginate) obtained from seaweed (kelp) extract selectively binds ingested strontium in the GI tract blocking its systemic uptake and reducing distribution to bone in rats, whilemore » other natural polysaccharides including chitosan and hyaluronic acid had little in vivo affinity for strontium. Alginate exhibits the unique ability to discriminate between strontium and calcium and has been previously shown to reduce intestinal absorption and skeletal retention of strontium without changing calcium metabolism. In our studies, the effect of commercially available alginate on strontium intestinal absorption was examined. One problem associated with alginate treatment is its limited solubility and gel formation in water. The aqueous solubility of sodium alginate was improved in a sodium chloride/sodium bicarbonate electrolyte solution containing low molecular weight polyethylene glycol (PEG). Furthermore, oral administration of the combined alginate/electrolyte//PEG solution synergistically accelerated removal of internal strontium in rats when compared to treatment with individual sodium alginate/electrolyte or electrolyte/PEG solutions. Importantly, both alginate and PEG are nontoxic, readily available materials that can be easily administered orally in case of a national emergency when potentially large numbers of the population may require medical treatment for internal depositions. Our results suggest further studies to optimize in vivo decorporation performance of engineered alginate material via modification of its chemical and physicochemical properties is warranted.« less

Development and Translation of a Tissue-Engineered Disc in a Preclinical Rodent Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

annulus fibrosus tissue into full 3D Disc-like Angle Ply Structures (DAPS), inclusive of a hyaluronic acid hydrogel seeded with adult stem cells, that...AF constructs surrounding an engineered nucleus pulposus (NP) composed of a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel. Measure the disc structural mechanics in...exposure to TGF-ß3 improves the functional properties of MSC-seeded photocrosslinked hyaluronic acid hydrogels by authors Minwook Kim, Isaac E

Pain reduction and improvement of function following ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide and hyaluronic acid in hip osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Araújo, J P; Silva, L; Andrade, R; Paços, M; Moreira, H; Migueis, N; Pereira, R; Sarmento, A; Pereira, H; Loureiro, N; Espregueira-Mendes, J

2016-01-01

The scientific literature has shown positive results regarding intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritic joints. When injecting in the hip joint, the guidance of ultrasound can provide higher injection accuracy and repeatability. However, due to the methodological limitations in the current available literature, its recommendation in the current practice is still controversial. This study shows that ultrasound-guided intra-articular injections of triamcinolone hexacetonide and hyaluronic acid can improve pain, function and quality of life in patients with symptomatic and radiographic hip osteoarthritis. In addition, the administration of triamcinolone hexacetonide and hyaluronic acid to the hip joint in these patients can delay the need for interventional surgery.

[Intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid for anterior disc displacement of temporomandibular joint].

PubMed

Long, X

2017-03-09

Anterior disc displacement (ADD) of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is regarded as one of the major findings in temporomandibular disorders (TMD). It is related to joint noise, pain, mandibular dysfunction, degenerative change and osteoarthritis. In the mean time, the pathological changes were found in synovial membrane and synovial fluid. Hyaluronic acid is a principal component of the synovial fluid which plays an important role in nutrition, lubrication, anti-inflammation and cartilage repair. The synthesis, molecule weight, and concentration of hyaluronic acid are decreased during TMD and cause TMJ degenerative changes. The clinical conditions, pathological changes, the mechanism of action for hyaluronic acid and the treatment of anterior disc displacement of TMJ are discussed in this article.

Intravesical treatments of bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.

PubMed

Neuhaus, Jochen; Schwalenberg, Thilo

2012-12-01

Bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) is a disabling chronic condition that affects up to 7% of women in the USA. In men, BPS/IC seems to be less common, but might be underestimated because it can be confused with chronic prostatitis. The aetiology and pathophysiology of BPS/IC are not well understood. Consequently, diagnosis and treatment is challenging and most therapies used to date are off-label. These therapies include bladder instillation with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and BCG, as well as hyperbaric oxygen therapy. Overall, botulinum neurotoxin A injection, intravesical sodium hyaluronate instillation and DMSO instillation seem to be the best-performing treatments, with response rates of 79%, 76% and 75%, respectively, and can be used effectively as second-line or third-line therapies for BPS/IC. However, additional high-quality randomized controlled trials are necessary to improve the available data.

A curcumin activated carboxymethyl cellulose-montmorillonite clay nanocomposite having enhanced curcumin release in aqueous media.

PubMed

Madusanka, Nadeesh; de Silva, K M Nalin; Amaratunga, Gehan

2015-12-10

A novel curcumin activated carboxymethylcellulose-montmorillonite nanocomposite is reported. A superabsorbent biopolymer; carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as an emulsifier for curcumin which is a turmeric derived water insoluble polyphenolic compound with antibacterial/anti-cancer properties. Montmorillonite (MMT) nanoclay was incorporated in the formulation as a matrix material which also plays a role in release kinetics. It was observed that water solubility of curcumin in the nanocomposite has significantly increased (60% release within 2h and 30 min in distilled water at pH 5.4) compared to pure curcumin. The prepared curcumin activated carboxymethylcellulose-montmorillonite nanocomposite is suitable as a curcumin carrier having enhanced release and structural properties. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Intravenous Hyaluronidase with Urokinase as Treatment for Rabbit Retinal Artery Hyaluronic Acid Embolism.

PubMed

Chiang, ChengAn; Zhou, ShuangBai; Chen, ChuHsin; Ho, Dave S; Zhang, HuiZhong; Liu, Kai

2016-12-01

Although various salvage methods have been proposed to treat intraretinal artery hyaluronic acid embolism, their applications are still limited by various factors. The authors investigated the effectiveness of intravenous hyaluronidase with urokinase for resolving retinal artery hyaluronic acid embolism. The anatomy of rabbit ophthalmic and fundus arteries (retinal and choroid artery) was studied. Approximately 0.35 ml of hyaluronic acid was injected into the ophthalmic artery to create a retinal artery embolism model. The rabbits were grouped randomly (groups A, B, C, D, E, and F) and given hyaluronidase with urokinase intravenously at different postobstruction time points (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 minutes). Saline was given to the control group. Fundus vascular (retinal and choroid artery) reperfusion status and the effectiveness of the solution on the obstruction of each group were observed for 5 days. The animal model closely imitated actual hyaluronic acid ophthalmic/retinal artery obstructions. Three vascular conditions were observed after hyaluronidase with urokinase injection: total, partial, and no reperfusion. Groups A, B, and C showed a significantly higher overall solution effectiveness rate (total/partial reperfusion) compared with the control group (p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively). Solution effectiveness in groups D, E, and F showed no difference compared with the control group (p = 0.628, p = 1.000, and p = 1.000, respectively). The effectiveness of the solution drops dramatically if given after 30 minutes of obstruction. The authors' method can indeed help resolve retinal artery hyaluronic acid obstruction. Intravenous hyaluronidase with urokinase technique shows possible potential to become a standardized treatment protocol for intraretinal artery hyaluronic acid embolism with further clinical tests.

Liquid Paraffin vs Hyaluronic Acid in Preventing Intraperitoneal Adhesions.

PubMed

Kataria, Hanish; Singh, Vinod Prem

2017-12-01

Adhesion formation after abdominal and pelvic operations remains a challenging problem. Role of adjuvant barriers have been studied but there is no comparative study between liquid paraffin and hyaluronic acid as a barrier method. Hence, we planned to compare the effectiveness of 0.4 % hyaluronic acid and liquid paraffin in the prevention of postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions in rats. This prospective, randomized and controlled study was conducted in 60 adult Wistar albino rats. Surgical trauma by caecal abrasion and 1 g talcum powder was used in the rat model to induce adhesion formation. After trauma, 3 ml normal saline was instilled in the peritoneal cavity in control group ( n  = 20), 3 ml liquid paraffin was instilled in experimental group A ( n  = 20) and 3 ml 0.4 % hyaluronic acid was instilled in experimental group B ( n  = 20). Two weeks after laparotomy, repeat laparotomy was performed and the adhesions were scored according to Zuhlke classification. Liquid paraffin and hyaluronic acid both reduce the extent and grade of adhesions both macroscopically ( p  = 0.018, p  = 0.017) and microscopically ( p  = 0.019, p  = 0.019) respectively. Although there was significant reduction in adhesions by hyaluronic acid at certain specific sites as compared with liquid paraffin, its overall effectiveness in preventing postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions is not significantly different from liquid paraffin ( p  = 0.092, p  = 0.193) respectively. The presence of liquid paraffin and hyaluronic acid in the peritoneal cavity reduce postoperative intraperitoneal adhesions significantly in rats. However, there is no overall significant difference in the effectiveness of two groups. Dosage and safety of these chemicals in human beings remains to be established.

Surface modification of model hydrogel contact lenses with hyaluronic acid via thiol-ene "click" chemistry for enhancing surface characteristics.

PubMed

Korogiannaki, Myrto; Zhang, Jianfeng; Sheardown, Heather

2017-10-01

Discontinuation of contact lens wear as a result of ocular dryness and discomfort is extremely common; as many as 26% of contact lens wearers discontinue use within the first year. While patients are generally satisfied with conventional hydrogel lenses, improving on-eye comfort continues to remain a goal. Surface modification with a biomimetic, ocular friendly hydrophilic layer of a wetting agent is hypothesized to improve the interfacial interactions of the contact lens with the ocular surface. In this work, the synthesis and characterization of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) surfaces grafted with a hydrophilic layer of hyaluronic acid are described. The immobilization reaction involved the covalent attachment of thiolated hyaluronic acid (20 kDa) on acrylated poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) via nucleophile-initiated Michael addition thiol-ene "click" chemistry. The surface chemistry of the modified surfaces was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The appearance of N (1s) and S (2p) peaks on the low resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra confirmed successful immobilization of hyaluronic acid. Grafting hyaluronic acid to the poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) surfaces decreased the contact angle, the dehydration rate, and the amount of nonspecific sorption of lysozyme and albumin in comparison to pristine hydrogel materials, suggesting the development of more wettable surfaces with improved water-retentive and antifouling properties, while maintaining optical transparency (>92%). In vitro testing also showed excellent viability of human corneal epithelial cells with the hyaluronic acid-grafted poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) surfaces. Hence, surface modification with hyaluronic acid via thiol-ene "click" chemistry could be useful in improving contact lens surface properties, potentially alleviating symptoms of contact lens related dryness and discomfort during wear.

High and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid differentially influence macrophage activation

PubMed Central

Rayahin, Jamie E.; Buhrman, Jason S.; Zhang, Yu; Koh, Timothy J.; Gemeinhart, Richard A.

2015-01-01

Macrophages exhibit phenotypic diversity permitting wide-ranging roles in maintaining physiologic homeostasis. Hyaluronic acid, a major glycosaminoglycan of the extracellular matrix, has been shown to have differential signaling based on its molecular weight. With this in mind, the main objective of this study was to elucidate the role of hyaluronic acid molecular weight on macrophage activation and reprogramming. Changes in macrophage activation were assessed by activation state selective marker measurement, specifically quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction, and cytokine enzyme-linked immunoassays, after macrophage treatment with differing molecular weights of hyaluronic acid under four conditions: the resting state, concurrent with classical activation, and following inflammation involving either classically or alternatively activated macrophages. Regardless of initial polarization state, low molecular weight hyaluronic acid induced a classically activated-like state, confirmed by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory genes, including nos2, tnf, il12b, and cd80, and enhanced secretion of nitric oxide and TNF-α. High molecular weight hyaluronic acid promoted an alternatively activated-like state, confirmed by up regulation of pro-resolving gene transcription, including arg1, il10, and mrc1, and enhanced arginase activity. Overall, our observations suggest that macrophages undergo phenotypic changes dependent on molecular weight of hyaluronan that correspond to either (1) pro-inflammatory response for low molecular weight HA or (2) pro-resolving response for high molecular weight HA. These observations bring significant further understanding of the influence of extracellular matrix polymers, hyaluronic acid in particular, on regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages. This knowledge can be used to guide the design of HA-containing biomaterials to better utilize the natural response to HAs. PMID:26280020

Effect of increased groundwater viscosity on the remedial performance of surfactant-enhanced air sparging.

PubMed

Choi, Jae-Kyeong; Kim, Heonki; Kwon, Hobin; Annable, Michael D

2018-03-01

The effect of groundwater viscosity control on the performance of surfactant-enhanced air sparging (SEAS) was investigated using 1- and 2-dimensional (1-D and 2-D) bench-scale physical models. The viscosity of groundwater was controlled by a thickener, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC), while an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS), was used to control the surface tension of groundwater. When resident DI water was displaced with a SCMC solution (500 mg/L), a SDBS solution (200 mg/L), and a solution with both SCMC (500 mg/L) and SDBS (200 mg/L), the air saturation for sand-packed columns achieved by air sparging increased by 9.5%, 128%, and 154%, respectively, (compared to that of the DI water-saturated column). When the resident water contained SCMC, the minimum air pressure necessary for air sparging processes increased, which is considered to be responsible for the increased air saturation. The extent of the sparging influence zone achieved during the air sparging process using the 2-D model was also affected by viscosity control. Larger sparging influence zones (de-saturated zone due to air injection) were observed for the air sparging processes using the 2-D model initially saturated with high-viscosity solutions, than those without a thickener in the aqueous solution. The enhanced air saturations using SCMC for the 1-D air sparging experiment improved the degradative performance of gaseous oxidation agent (ozone) during air sparging, as measured by the disappearance of fluorescence (fluorescein sodium salt). Based on the experimental evidence generated in this study, the addition of a thickener in the aqueous solution prior to air sparging increased the degree of air saturation and the sparging influence zone, and enhanced the remedial potential of SEAS for contaminated aquifers. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Development and Translation of a Tissue-Engineered Disc in a Preclinical Rodent Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

DAPS AF constructs, fabricated complete DAPS comprised of a PCL nanofiber AF and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel NP, and designed and commencement of...of a PCL nanofiber AF and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel NP, and design and commencement of construction of a novel multi-axis bioreactor that will be... nanofiber AF and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel NP We have commenced fabrication and in vitro pre-culture of composite DAPS constructs. An AF region

The effect of actinoquinol with hyaluronic acid in eye drops on the optical properties and oxidative damage of the rabbit cornea irradiated with UVB rays.

PubMed

Čejka, Čestmír; Luyckx, Jacques; Ardan, Taras; Pláteník, Jan; Širc, Jakub; Michálek, Jiří; Čejková, Jitka

2010-01-01

Irradiation of the cornea with UVB rays leads to its oxidative damage, swelling and increased light absorption. We investigated changes in the corneal optics (evaluated by changes of corneal hydration and light absorption) and microscopical disturbances of corneas irradiated with UVB rays as influenced by eye drops containing actinoquinol with hyaluronic acid. Rabbit corneas were irradiated with a daily dose of 0.5 or 1.01 J cm(-2) of UVB rays (312 nm) for 4 days. During irradiation, the eye drops were applied on the right eye and buffered saline (or hyaluronic acid) on the left eye. On day 5 the rabbits were sacrificed and the corneas examined spectrophotometrically for light absorption. The corneal thickness (hydration) was measured using a pachymeter. Corneas of some other rabbits were examined immunohistochemically. After buffered saline treatment UVB rays evoked changes in the corneal optics and induced oxidative damage of the corneas. After actinoquinol-hyaluronic acid application, these changes were diminished. Hyaluronic acid alone was less effective. In conclusion, actinoquinol-hyaluronic acid eye drops decreased changes in corneal optics and suppressed oxidative damage in the UVB-irradiated cornea. However, the effective corneal protection by these eye drops was limited to the lower UVB dose. © 2010 The Authors. Journal Compilation. The American Society of Photobiology.

Noninvasive penetration of 5 nm hyaluronic acid molecules across the epidermal barrier (in vitro) and its interaction with human skin cells.

PubMed

Nashchekina, Yu A; Raydan, M

2018-02-01

Hyaluronic acid represents one of the major components of the extracellular environment. The main challenge remains in the ability to deliver these molecules noninvasively across the skin barrier, which can be overcome by the reduction in size to an extent that allows these molecules to pass across the skin barrier. The aim of this study was to measure the penetration and bioavailability of low molecular weight hyaluronic acid to cross an epidermal barrier model. Determining the quantity of hyaluronic acid in the test solutions was carried with method of photocolorimetry analysis. Investigation of the interaction of cells with LMWHA was studied with a confocal microscope. The study showed that LMWHA is able to cross the epidermis. Most effective penetration level is during the first 6 hours reaching 75%, and then the concentration started to decline and reached the equilibrium state within the following 2 hours. Confocal laser microscopy demonstrated different distribution and behavior of these molecules among the keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Reducing the size of hyaluronic acid to 5 nm enhance their transport across the epidermal layer. The concentration of hyaluronic acid molecules was higher on the fibroblast surface in comparison to their extracellular environment. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Joint lavage followed by intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid and/or corticosteroids in patients with severe hemophilic arthropathy of the knee: Is this intervention really effective?

PubMed

Rodriguez-Merchan, E Carlos; Valentino, Leonard A

2018-05-10

The aim of this review is to explore the scientific rationale and evidence for a potential benefit of joint lavage followed by intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid and/or corticosteroids in patients with severe hemophilic arthropathy of the knee (SHAK). Areas covered: This article is a narrative review of the evidence for potential benefits of joint lavage followed by intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid and corticosteroids in SHAK compared with osteoarthritis of the knee in non-hemophilia patients. Expert commentary: Although some reports on hemophilic arthropathy with a low-grade of evidence seem to indicate a benefit of joint lavage followed by intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid and/or corticosteroids in patients with SHAK, the short-lived improvements afforded by hyaluronic acid, and the doubtful benefits of corticosteroids and joint lavage in hemophilia, do not warrant their use in hemophilic patients. The scientific rationale of these procedures is poor and they are not recommended.

Development and Translation of a Tissue-Engineered Disc in a Preclinical Rodent Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-29

PCL nanofiber AF and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel NP, and designed and commencement of construction of a multi-axis bioreactor that will be used to...of a PCL nanofiber AF and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel NP, and design and commencement of construction of a novel multi-axis bioreactor that will be... nanofiber AF and a hyaluronic acid hydrogel NP We have commenced fabrication and in vitro pre-culture of composite DAPS constructs. An AF region

Comparison of the Hyaluronic Acid Vaginal Cream and Conjugated Estrogen Used in Treatment of Vaginal Atrophy of Menopause Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial

PubMed Central

Jokar, Azam; Davari, Tayebe; Asadi, Nasrin; Ahmadi, Fateme; Foruhari, Sedighe

2016-01-01

Background: Vaginal atrophy is a common complication in menopause which does not improve with time and, if untreated, can affect the quality of life for women. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the vaginal cream of hyaluronic acid and conjugated estrogen (Premarin) in treatment of vaginal atrophy. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 56 menopausal women with symptoms of vaginal atrophy; they were randomly allocated to two groups (recipient conjugated estrogen and hyaluronic acid). The severity of each sign of atrophy was evaluated by visual analog signals (VAS) and on the basis of a four point scale. Also to recognize the cellular maturation with pap smear and the maturation degree were calculated according to the formula and scores 0-100. As to the vaginal PH, we used PH marker band, the rate of which was divided into 4 degrees. Data were analyzed using SPSS, version 20, and P≤0.05 was considered as significant. Results: The results of this study showed that the symptoms of vaginal atrophy compared with the baseline level were relieved significantly in both groups. Dryness, itching, maturation index, PH and composite score of the vaginal symptoms were relieved significantly in both groups (P<0.001). Dyspareunia in Premarin (P<0.05) and hyaluronic acid (P<0.001) decreased compared with pre-treatment. Urinary incontinence only showed improvement in the hyaluronic acid group (P<0.05). Improvement in urinary incontinence, dryness, maturation index (P<0.05) and composite score of vaginal symptoms (P<0.001) in the hyaluronic acid group was better than those in the Premarin group. Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, hyaluronic acid and conjugated estrogen improved the symptoms of vaginal atrophy. But hyaluronic acid was more effective and this drug is suggested for those who do not want to or cannot take local hormone treatment. Trial Registration Number: IRCT2013022712644N1 PMID:26793732

Topical Hyaluronic Acid vs. Standard of Care for the Prevention of Radiation Dermatitis After Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Single-Blind Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pinnix, Chelsea; Perkins, George H.; Strom, Eric A.

2012-07-15

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of an emulsion containing hyaluronic acid to reduce the development of {>=}Grade 2 radiation dermatitis after adjuvant breast radiation compared with best supportive care. Methods and Materials: Women with breast cancer who had undergone lumpectomy and were to receive whole-breast radiotherapy to 50 Gy with a 10- to 16-Gy surgical bed boost were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of a hyaluronic acid-based gel (RadiaPlex) and a petrolatum-based gel (Aquaphor) for preventing the development of dermatitis. Each patient was randomly assigned to use hyaluronic acid gel on the medial half ormore » the lateral half of the irradiated breast and to use the control gel on the other half. Dermatitis was graded weekly according to the Common Terminology Criteria v3.0 by the treating physician, who was blinded as to which gel was used on which area of the breast. The primary endpoint was development of {>=}Grade 2 dermatitis. Results: The study closed early on the basis of a recommendation from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board after 74 of the planned 92 patients were enrolled. Breast skin treated with the hyaluronic acid gel developed a significantly higher rate of {>=}Grade 2 dermatitis than did skin treated with petrolatum gel: 61.5% (40/65) vs. 47.7% (31/65) (p = 0.027). Only 1ne patient developed Grade 3 dermatitis using either gel. A higher proportion of patients had worse dermatitis in the breast segment treated with hyaluronic acid gel than in that treated with petrolatum gel at the end of radiotherapy (42% vs. 14%, p = 0.003). Conclusion: We found no benefit from the use of a topical hyaluronic acid-based gel for reducing the development of {>=}Grade 2 dermatitis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid-based gel in controlling radiation dermatitis symptoms after they develop.« less

Topical hyaluronic acid vs. standard of care for the prevention of radiation dermatitis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer: single-blind randomized phase III clinical trial.

PubMed

Pinnix, Chelsea; Perkins, George H; Strom, Eric A; Tereffe, Welela; Woodward, Wendy; Oh, Julia L; Arriaga, Lisa; Munsell, Mark F; Kelly, Patrick; Hoffman, Karen E; Smith, Benjamin D; Buchholz, Thomas A; Yu, T Kuan

2012-07-15

To determine the efficacy of an emulsion containing hyaluronic acid to reduce the development of ≥ Grade 2 radiation dermatitis after adjuvant breast radiation compared with best supportive care. Women with breast cancer who had undergone lumpectomy and were to receive whole-breast radiotherapy to 50 Gy with a 10- to 16-Gy surgical bed boost were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of a hyaluronic acid-based gel (RadiaPlex) and a petrolatum-based gel (Aquaphor) for preventing the development of dermatitis. Each patient was randomly assigned to use hyaluronic acid gel on the medial half or the lateral half of the irradiated breast and to use the control gel on the other half. Dermatitis was graded weekly according to the Common Terminology Criteria v3.0 by the treating physician, who was blinded as to which gel was used on which area of the breast. The primary endpoint was development of ≥ Grade 2 dermatitis. The study closed early on the basis of a recommendation from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board after 74 of the planned 92 patients were enrolled. Breast skin treated with the hyaluronic acid gel developed a significantly higher rate of ≥ Grade 2 dermatitis than did skin treated with petrolatum gel: 61.5% (40/65) vs. 47.7% (31/65) (p = 0.027). Only one patient developed Grade 3 dermatitis using either gel. A higher proportion of patients had worse dermatitis in the breast segment treated with hyaluronic acid gel than in that treated with petrolatum gel at the end of radiotherapy (42% vs. 14%, p = 0.003). We found no benefit from the use of a topical hyaluronic acid-based gel for reducing the development of ≥ Grade 2 dermatitis after adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid-based gel in controlling radiation dermatitis symptoms after they develop. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Topical Hyaluronic acid vs. Standard of Care for the Prevention of Radiation Dermatitis after Adjuvant Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Single-Blind Randomized Phase III Clinical Trial

PubMed Central

Pinnix, Chelsea; Perkins, George H.; Strom, Eric A.; Tereffe, Welela; Woodward, Wendy; Oh, Julia L.; Arriaga, Lisa; Munsell, Mark F.; Kelly, Patrick; Hoffman, Karen E.; Smith, Benjamin D.; Buchholz, Thomas A.; Yu, T. Kuan

2014-01-01

Purpose To determine the efficacy of an emulsion containing hyaluronic acid to reduce the development of ≥ grade 2 radiation dermatitis after adjuvant breast radiation (RT) compared with best supportive care. Materials and Methods Women with breast cancer who had undergone lumpectomy and were to receive whole-breast RT to 50 Gy with a 10- to 16-Gy surgical bed boost were enrolled in a prospective randomized trial to compare the effectiveness of a hyaluronic acid-based gel (RadiaPlex) and a petrolatum-based gel (Aquaphor) for preventing the development of dermatitis. Each patient was randomly assigned to use hyaluronic acid gel, on the medial half or the lateral half of the irradiated breast, and the control gel to the other half. Dermatitis was graded weekly according to the Common Terminology Criteria v3.0 by the treating physician, who was blinded as to which gel was used on which area of the breast. The primary endpoint was development of ≥grade 2 dermatitis. Results The study closed early based on a recommendation from the Data and Safety Monitoring Board after 74 of the planned 92 patients were enrolled. Breast skin treated with the hyaluronic acid gel developed significantly higher rate of ≥grade 2 dermatitis than did skin treated with petrolatum gel (61.5% [40/65] vs. 47.7% [31/65], P = 0.027). Only one patient developed grade 3 dermatitis using either gel. A higher proportion of patients had worse dermatitis in the breast segment treated with hyaluronic acid gel than petrolatum gel at the end of RT (42% vs. 14%, P = 0.003). Conclusion We found no benefit from use of a topical hyaluronic acid-based gel for reducing the development of grade ≥2 dermatitis after adjuvant RT for breast cancer. Additional studies are needed to determine the efficacy of hyaluronic acid-based gel in controlling radiation dermatitis symptoms after they develop. PMID:22172912

Protective therapeutic effects of peptide nanofiber and hyaluronic acid hybrid membrane in in vivo osteoarthritis model.

PubMed

Arslan, Elif; Sardan Ekiz, Melis; Eren Cimenci, Cagla; Can, Nuray; Gemci, M Hanifi; Ozkan, Huseyin; Guler, Mustafa O; Tekinay, Ayse B

2018-06-01

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a condition where tissue function is lost through a combination of secondary inflammation and deterioration in articular cartilage. One of the most common causes of OA is age-related tissue impairment because of wear and tear due to mechanical erosion. Hyaluronic acid-based viscoelastic supplements have been widely used for the treatment of knee injuries. However, the current formulations of hyaluronic acid are unable to provide efficient healing and recovery. Here, a nanofiber-hyaluronic acid membrane system that was prepared by using a quarter of the concentration of commercially available hyaluronic acid supplement, Hyalgan®, was used for the treatment of an osteoarthritis model, and Synvisc®, which is another commercially available hyaluronic acid containing viscoelastic supplement, was used as a control. The results show that this system provides efficient protection of arthritic cartilage tissue through the preservation of cartilage morphology with reduced osteophyte formation, protection of the subchondral region from deterioration, and maintenance of cartilage specific matrix proteins in vivo. In addition, the hybrid nanofiber membrane enabled chondrocyte encapsulation and provided a suitable culturing environment for stem cell growth in vitro. Overall, our results suggest that this hybrid nanofibrous scaffold provides a potential platform the treatment of OA. Osteoarthritis is a debilitating joint disease affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs especially in knees due to aging, sport injuries or obesity. Although hyaluronic acid-based viscoelastic supplements are widely used, there is still no effective treatment method for osteoarthritis, which necessitates surgical operation as an only choice for severe cases. Therefore, there is an urgent need for efficient therapeutics. In this study, a nanofiber-HA membrane system was developed for the efficient protection of arthritic cartilage tissue from degeneration. This hybrid nanofiber system provided superior therapeutic activity at a relatively lower concentration of hyaluronic acid than Hyalgan® and Synvisc® gels, which are currently used in clinics. This work demonstrates for the first time that this hybrid nanofiber membrane scaffold can be utilized as a potential candidate for osteoarthritis treatment. Copyright © 2018 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Extended release of hyaluronic acid from hydrogel contact lenses for dry eye syndrome.

PubMed

Maulvi, Furqan A; Soni, Tejal G; Shah, Dinesh O

2015-01-01

Current dry eye treatment includes delivering comfort enhancing agents to the eye via eye drops, but low residence time of eye drops leads to low bioavailability. Frequent administration leads to incompliance in patients, so there is a great need for medical device such as contact lenses to treat dry eye. Studies in the past have demonstrated the efficacy of hyaluronic acid (HA) in the treatment of dry eyes using eye drops. In this paper, we present two methods to load HA in hydrogel contact lenses, soaking method and direct entrapment. The contact lenses were characterized by studying their optical and physical properties to determine their suitability as extended wear contact lenses. HA-laden hydrogel contact lenses prepared by soaking method showed release up to 48 h with acceptable physical and optical properties. Hydrogel contact lenses prepared by direct entrapment method showed significant sustained release in comparison to soaking method. HA entrapped in hydrogels resulted in reduction in % transmittance, sodium ion permeability and surface contact angle, while increase in % swelling. The impact on each of these properties was proportional to HA loading. The batch with 200-μg HA loading showed all acceptable values (parameters) for contact lens use. Results of cytotoxicity study indicated the safety of hydrogel contact lenses. In vivo pharmacokinetics studies in rabbit tear fluid showed dramatic increase in HA mean residence time and area under the curve with lenses in comparison to eye drop treatment. The study demonstrates the promising potential of delivering HA through contact lenses for the treatment of dry eye syndrome.

Effect of sodium hyaluronate/carboxymethyl cellulose (Guardix-sol) on retear rate and postoperative stiffness in arthroscopic rotator cuff repair patients: A prospective cohort study.

PubMed

Jeong, Jeung Yeol; Chung, Pill Ku; Yoo, Jae Chul

2017-01-01

Hyaluronate-based anti-adhesive agents are expected to enhance rotator cuff healing; however, their effect on the incidence and extent of postoperative complications such as stiffness and retears has not been investigated. From July 2012 to February 2013, 80 patients undergoing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair surgery were prospectively enrolled. Forty patients were assigned to the control group, while the other 40 were assigned to the injection group and received a Guardix-sol injection immediately after surgery. Passive range of motion, pain visual analog scale, and functional score were assessed at 8 weeks, 6 months, and 24 months postoperatively. Gliding motion between the deltoid muscle and the greater tuberosity of the proximal humerus was evaluated using ultrasonography at 2 and 8 weeks postoperatively, and tendon integrity was evaluated using magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months postoperatively. We found no significant difference between the groups regarding gliding motion at 2 weeks postoperatively. However, at 8 weeks, the incidence of poor gliding motion was 2.5% and 15% for the injected patients and control group, respectively, which was statistically significant. At 6 months after surgery, the retear rate between the two groups was not statistically significant. We found no statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding retear rate and clinical score throughout the follow-up period. We noted no complications related to the use of Guardix-sol. Patients who received the Guardix-sol injection showed improved gliding motion between the deltoid muscle and the greater tuberosity in the early postoperative period.

Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of polymeric films loaded with cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma

PubMed Central

Sonvico, Fabio; Barbieri, Stefano; Colombo, Paolo; Mucchino, Claudio; Barocelli, Elisabetta; Cantoni, Anna Maria; Cavazzoni, Andrea; Petronini, Pier Giorgio; Rusca, Michele; Carbognani, Paolo

2018-01-01

Background Malignant mesothelioma is an invasive neoplasm arising from mesothelial surfaces of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Mesothelioma treatment is unsatisfactory and recurrence is common. Here an innovative locoregional treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma is presented. Methods Chitosan- and hyaluronate-based films were loaded with 0.5% and 4% w/w cisplatin and were studied for their physicochemical, mechanical and drug release characteristics. The performance of the drug delivery systems was assessed in vitro on A549 cells and on an orthotopic model of MPM recurrence in rats. Results Polysaccharide films produced were thin, flexible and resistant. Cisplatin was completely released from hyaluronic acid films within 96 hours, while drug release was found to be much more prolonged with chitosan films. The drug released from hyaluronate films was effective against A549 cell line, while for chitosan films the release was too slow to produce cytotoxicity. Similarly, cisplatin-loaded chitosan films in vivo released minimal quantities of cisplatin and induced inflammation and foreign body reaction. Cisplatin-loaded hyaluronate acid films on the contrary were able to prevent tumor recurrence. The cisplatin-loaded hyaluronate films provided higher Cmax and AUC compared to a solution of cisplatin administered intrapleurally, but did not show any sign of treatment related toxicity. Conclusions Hyaluronate-based films appear as an optimal platform for the development of drug delivery systems suitable for the loco-regional post-surgical treatment of lung malignancies. PMID:29507787

Physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of polymeric films loaded with cisplatin for the treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma.

PubMed

Sonvico, Fabio; Barbieri, Stefano; Colombo, Paolo; Mucchino, Claudio; Barocelli, Elisabetta; Cantoni, Anna Maria; Cavazzoni, Andrea; Petronini, Pier Giorgio; Rusca, Michele; Carbognani, Paolo; Ampollini, Luca

2018-01-01

Malignant mesothelioma is an invasive neoplasm arising from mesothelial surfaces of the pleural and peritoneal cavities. Mesothelioma treatment is unsatisfactory and recurrence is common. Here an innovative locoregional treatment for malignant pleural mesothelioma is presented. Chitosan- and hyaluronate-based films were loaded with 0.5% and 4% w/w cisplatin and were studied for their physicochemical, mechanical and drug release characteristics. The performance of the drug delivery systems was assessed in vitro on A549 cells and on an orthotopic model of MPM recurrence in rats. Polysaccharide films produced were thin, flexible and resistant. Cisplatin was completely released from hyaluronic acid films within 96 hours, while drug release was found to be much more prolonged with chitosan films. The drug released from hyaluronate films was effective against A549 cell line, while for chitosan films the release was too slow to produce cytotoxicity. Similarly, cisplatin-loaded chitosan films in vivo released minimal quantities of cisplatin and induced inflammation and foreign body reaction. Cisplatin-loaded hyaluronate acid films on the contrary were able to prevent tumor recurrence. The cisplatin-loaded hyaluronate films provided higher C max and AUC compared to a solution of cisplatin administered intrapleurally, but did not show any sign of treatment related toxicity. Hyaluronate-based films appear as an optimal platform for the development of drug delivery systems suitable for the loco-regional post-surgical treatment of lung malignancies.

Hybrid Biodegradable Hydrogels Obtained from Nanoclay and Carboxymethylcellulose Polysaccharide: Hydrophilic, Kinetic, Spectroscopic and Morphological Properties.

PubMed

Nascimento, Denis W S; de Moura, Márcia R; Mattoso, Luiz H C; Aouada, Fauze A

2017-01-01

In this paper, series of novel nanocomposite hydrogels based on polyacrylamide (PAAm), carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and nanoclay were synthesized. Hydrophilic, kinetic, spectroscopic and morphological properties were investigated as function of their constituents. Spectroscopic properties confirmed the obtaining of the nanocomposites. It was also observed that the nanocomposites have walls of pores with a more rugged morphology compared with the morphology of the hydrogel without clay, contributing to repel the water molecules. Besides, the results showed that the velocity and quantity of water uptake may be controlled by adjusting of matrix rigidity, i.e., nanoclay content into polymeric matrix. This behavior is required to future application in agriculture fields, specifically as carrier vehicle in controlled release of agrochemicals. Thus, these nanocomposites have technological application.

Changes of synovial fluid protein concentrations in supra-patellar bursitis patients after the injection of different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Chen, Carl P C; Hsu, Chih Chin; Pei, Yu-Cheng; Chen, Ruo Li; Zhou, Shaobo; Shen, Hsuan-Chen; Lin, Shih-Cherng; Tsai, Wen Chung

2014-04-01

Knee pain is commonly seen in orthopedic and rehabilitation outpatient clinical settings, and in the aging population. Bursitis of the knee joint, especially when the volume of the synovial fluid is large enough, can compress and distend the nearby soft tissues, causing pain in the knee joint. Out of all the bursae surrounding the knee joint, supra-patellar bursitis is most often associated with knee pain. Treatment strategies in managing supra-patellar bursitis include the aspiration of joint synovial fluid and then followed by steroid injection into the bursa. When supra-patellar bursitis is caused by degenerative disorders, the concept of viscosupplementation treatment may be effective by injecting hyaluronic acid into the bursa. However, the rheology or the changes in the concentrations of proteins (biomarkers) that are related to the development of bursitis in the synovial fluid is virtually unexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the concentration changes in the synovial fluid total protein amount and individual proteins associated with supra-patellar bursitis using the Bradford protein assay and western immunoglobulin methods. A total of 20 patients were divided into two groups with 10 patients in each group. One group received the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid product of Synvisc Hylan G-F 20 and the other group received the low molecular weight hyaluronic acid product of Hya-Joint Synovial Fluid Supplement once per week injection into the bursa for a total of 3 weeks. Significant decreases in the synovial fluid total protein concentrations were observed after the second dosage of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid injections. Apolipoprotein A-I, interleukin 1 beta, alpha 1 antitrypsin, and matrix metalloproteinase 1 proteins revealed a trend of decreasing western immunoblotting band densities after hyaluronic acid injections. The decreases in apolipoprotein A-I and interleukin 1 beta protein band densities were significant in the high molecular weight hyaluronic acid injection group. Transthyretin, complement 5, and matrilin 3 proteins revealed a trend of increasing western immunoblotting band densities after hyaluronic acid injections. Transthyretin revealed significant increases in protein band densities in both the high and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid injection groups. This study may provide the rationale for targeting several biomarkers associated with lipid transport, inflammation, and anti-aging as possible disease modifying therapies for the treatment of supra-patellar bursitis and even degenerative joint disorders. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Efficacy of Several Therapeutic Agents in a Murine Model of Dry Eye Syndrome

PubMed Central

Kilic, Servet; Kulualp, Kadri

2016-01-01

In the current study, we used 56 female BALB/c mice with induced dry eye syndrome to evaluate the therapeutic effects of formal saline (FS), sodium hyaluronate (SH), diclofenac sodium (DS), olopatadine (OP), retinoic acid (RA), fluoromethanole (FML), cyclosporine A (CsA), and doxycycline hyclate (DH). All subjects were kept in an evaporative ‘dry eye cabinet’ for the assessment of blink rate, tear production, tear break-up time, and impression cytology prior to (baseline) and during weeks 2, 4, and 6 of the study. The right eyes of all subjects were treated topically with 5 µL of the test agent twice daily during weeks 2 through 6. Impression cytology and tear break-up time differed between time points in all groups and differed between groups at weeks 4 and 6. Blink rate differed by time point only in the FS, FML, and DH groups. Tear production according to the phenol red cotton thread test differed by time point for all groups except RA, CsA, and DH and differed between groups only at week 6. Among the compounds tested in the present study, DS and CsA were the most effective therapeutic agents in our mouse model of dry eye syndrome; these agents likely exert their therapeutic effect through their antiinflammatory activity. PMID:27053565

A pilot study investigating the efficacy of botanical anti-inflammatory agents in an OTC eczema therapy.

PubMed

Draelos, Zoe Diana

2016-06-01

Eczema is a frequently encountered dermatologic condition characterized by inflammation resulting in erythema, scaling, induration, and lichenification. The objective of this research was to examine the roll of botanical anti-inflammatories in alleviating the signs and symptoms of mild-to-moderate eczema. A total of 25 subjects 18+ years of age with mild-to-moderate eczema were asked to leave all oral medications and cleansers unchanged substituting the botanical study moisturizer for all topical treatment three times daily for 2 weeks. Investigator, subject, and noninvasive assessments were obtained at baseline and week 2. There was a highly statistically significant (P < 0.001) improvement in investigator-assessed irritation, erythema, desquamation, roughness, dryness, lichenification, itching, and overall skin appearance after 2 weeks of botanical anti-inflammatory moisturizer use. Overall, a 79% reduction in itching was noted. Skin hydration as measured by corneometry increased 44% increase (P < 0.001). The study moisturizer containing the occlusive ingredients of dimethicone and shea butter oil; the humectant ingredients of glycerin, vitamin B, sodium PCA, and sodium hyaluronate; the barrier repair ingredients of ceramide 3, cholesterol, phytosphingosine, ceramide 6 II, and ceramide 1; and the botanical anti-inflammatories allantoin and bisabolol were helpful in reducing the signs and symptoms of mild-to-moderate eczema. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hyaluronic Acid Gel Injection to Prevent Thermal Injury of Adjacent Gastrointestinal Tract during Percutaneous Liver Radiofrequency Ablation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hasegawa, Takaaki, E-mail: hasegawat@clin.medic.mie-u.ac.jp; Takaki, Haruyuki; Miyagi, Hideki

2013-08-01

This study evaluated the safety, feasibility, and clinical utility of hyaluronic acid gel injection to separate the gastrointestinal tract from the tumor during liver radiofrequency ablation (RFA). Eleven patients with liver tumors measuring 0.9-3.5 cm (mean {+-} standard deviation, 2.1 {+-} 0.8 cm) that were adjacent to the gastrointestinal tracts received RFA after the mixture of hyaluronic acid gel and contrast material (volume, 26.4 {+-} 14.5 mL; range, 10-60 mL) was injected between the tumor and the gastrointestinal tract under computed tomographic-fluoroscopic guidance. Each tumor was separated from the gastrointestinal tract by 1.0-1.5 cm (distance, 1.2 {+-} 0.2 cm) aftermore » injection of hyaluronic acid gel, and subsequent RFA was performed without any complications in all patients. Although tumor enhancement disappeared in all patients, local tumor progression was found in a patient (9.1 %, 1 of 11) during the follow-up of 5.5 {+-} 3.2 months (range, 0.4-9.9 months). In conclusion, hyaluronic acid gel injection is a safe and useful technique to avoid thermal injury of the adjacent gastrointestinal tract during liver RFA.« less

Co-delivery of evodiamine and rutaecarpine in a microemulsion-based hyaluronic acid hydrogel for enhanced analgesic effects on mouse pain models.

PubMed

Zhang, Yong-Tai; Li, Zhe; Zhang, Kai; Zhang, Hong-Yu; He, Ze-Hui; Xia, Qing; Zhao, Ji-Hui; Feng, Nian-Ping

2017-08-07

The aim of this study was to improve the analgesic effect of evodiamine and rutaecarpine, using a microemulsion-based hydrogel (ME-Gel) as the transdermal co-delivery vehicle, and to assess hyaluronic acid as a hydrogel matrix for microemulsion entrapment. A microemulsion was formulated with ethyl oleate as the oil core to improve the solubility of the alkaloids and was loaded into a hyaluronic acid-structured hydrogel. Permeation-enhancing effects of the microemulsion enabled evodiamine and rutaecarpine in ME-Gel to achieve 2.60- and 2.59-fold higher transdermal fluxes compared with hydrogel control (p<0.01). The hyaluronic acid hydrogel-containing microemulsion exhibited good skin biocompatibility, whereas effective ME-Gel co-delivery of evodiamine and rutaecarpine through the skin enhanced the analgesic effect in mouse pain models compared with hydrogel. Notably, evodiamine and rutaecarpine administered using ME-Gel effectively down-regulated serum levels of prostaglandin E 2 , interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α in formaldehyde-induced mouse pain models, possibly reflecting the improved transdermal permeability of ME-Gel co-delivered evodiamine and rutaecarpine, particularly with hyaluronic acid as the hydrogel matrix. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

[Isolation and identification of rumen bacteria for cellulolytic enzyme production].

PubMed

Aihemaiti, Maierhaba; Zhen, Fan; Li, Yuezhong; Aibaidoula, Gulisimayi; Yimit, Wusiman

2013-05-04

We screened aerobic bacteria with cellulolytic activity from ruminal fluid of sheep, cattle and camel in Xinjiang. Fresh ruminal fluid was inoculated on sterilized sodium carboxymethylcellulose agar plates. Highly cellulolytic aerobic bacteria were screened out by using Congo red staining and liquid secondary screening culture media. The combination of morphological and biochemical test with 16SrDNA sequence analysis were used to classify the strains. Enzymatic activities of four strains with strong cellulose-decomposing abilities were studied under different culture conditions. Out 84 isolated cellulolytic strains, 40 exhibited strong abilities in decomposing cellulose. They are including 37 Gram-negative isolates and 3 Gram-positive strains. Identification of these 40 strains shows that they belong to 11 species of 6 genera, 16 strains in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, 10 Ochrobactrum, 5 Sphingobacterium, 3 Microbacterium, 3 Paracoccus and 2 Pseudomonas. The results of the enzymatic studies of four strains with strong cellulolytic abilities indicates that the strains have the best enzyme producing property when straw powder was chosen as the carbon source; the pH at 5.5 -6.0 and temperature at 37 degrees C. The strains with highly cellulolytic abilities isolated from ruminal fluid show strong abilities in cellulose decomposition.

Development of controlled drug release systems based on thiolated polymers.

PubMed

Bernkop-Schnürch, A; Scholler, S; Biebel, R G

2000-05-03

The purpose of the present study was to generate mucoadhesive matrix-tablets based on thiolated polymers. Mediated by a carbodiimide, L-cysteine was thereby covalently linked to polycarbophil (PCP) and sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The resulting thiolated polymers displayed 100+/-8 and 1280+/-84 micromol thiol groups per gram, respectively (means+/-S.D.; n=6-8). In aqueous solutions these modified polymers were capable of forming inter- and/or intramolecular disulfide bonds. The velocity of this process augmented with increase of the polymer- and decrease of the proton-concentration. The oxidation proceeded more rapidly within thiolated PCP than within thiolated CMC. Due to the formation of disulfide bonds within thiol-containing polymers, the stability of matrix-tablets based on such polymers could be strongly improved. Whereas tablets based on the corresponding unmodified polymer disintegrated within 2 h, the swollen carrier matrix of thiolated CMC and PCP remained stable for 6.2 h (mean, n=4) and more than 48 h, respectively. Release studies of the model drug rifampicin demonstrated that a controlled release can be provided by thiolated polymer tablets. The combination of high stability, controlled drug release and mucoadhesive properties renders matrix-tablets based on thiolated polymers useful as novel drug delivery systems.

Effective regeneration of anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jin; Li, Xuelei; Song, Dawei; Miao, Yanli; Song, Jishun; Zhang, Lianqi

2018-06-01

Recycling high-valuable metal elements (such as Li, Ni, Co, Al and Cu elements) from scrapped lithium ion batteries can bring significant economic benefits. However, recycling and reusing anode material has not yet attracted wide attention up to now, due to the lower added-value than the above valuable metal materials and the difficulties in regenerating process. In this paper, a novel regeneration process with significant green advance is proposed to regenerate anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries for the first time. After regenerated, most acetylene black (AB) and all the styrene butadiene rubber (SBR), carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC) in recycled anode material are removed, and the surface of anode material is coated with pyrolytic carbon from phenolic resin again. Finally, the regenerated anode material (graphite with coating layer, residual AB and a little CMC pyrolysis product) is obtained. As expected, all the technical indexs of regenerated anode material exceed that of a midrange graphite with the same type, and partial technical indexs are even closed to that of the unused graphite. The results indicate the effective regeneration of anode material recycled from scrapped Li-ion batteries is really achieved.

The rheological properties of modified microcrystalline cellulose containing high levels of model drugs.

PubMed

Knight, Paul E; Podczeck, Fridrun; Newton, J Michael

2009-06-01

The rheological properties of different types of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) mixed with model drugs and water have been evaluated to identify the influence of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (SCMC) added to the cellulose during preparation. A ram extruder was used as a capillary rheometer. The mixtures consisted of 20% spheronizing agent (standard grade MCC or modified types with 6% or 8% of low viscosity grade SCMC) and 80% of ascorbic acid, ibuprofen or lactose monohydrate. The introduction of SCMC changed all rheological parameters assessed. It produced more rigid systems, requiring more stress to induce and maintain flow. Degree of non-Newtonian flow, angle of convergence, extensional viscosity, yield and die land shear stress at zero velocity, and static wall friction were increased, but recoverable shear and compliance were decreased. The presence of SCMC did not remove the influence of the type of drug. The mixture of ibuprofen and standard MCC had the lowest values for shear stress as a function of the rate of shear, extensional viscosity, and angle of convergence, but the highest values for recoverable shear and compliance. The findings indicate that the system has insufficient rigidity to form pellets. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Naringin improves random skin flap survival in rats.

PubMed

Cheng, Liang; Chen, Tingxiang; Tu, Qiming; Li, Hang; Feng, Zhenghua; Li, Zhijie; Lin, Dingsheng

2017-11-07

Random-pattern flap transfer is commonly used to treat soft-tissue defects. However, flap necrosis remains a serious problem. Naringin accelerates angiogenesis by activating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the present study, we investigated whether naringin improves the survival of random skin flaps. Compared with controls, the naringin-treated groups exhibited significantly larger mean areas of flap survival, significantly increased SOD activity and VEGF expression, and significantly reduced MDA level. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining revealed that naringin promoted angiogenesis and inhibited inflammation. "McFarlane flap" models were established in 90 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats divided into three groups: a 40 mg/kg control group (0.5 % sodium carboxymethylcellulose), a 40 mg/kg naringin-treated group, and an 80 mg/kg naringin-treated group. The extent of necrosis was measured 7 days later, and tissue samples were subjected to histological analysis. Angiogenesis was evaluated via lead oxide-gelatin angiography, immunohistochemistry, and laser Doppler imaging. Inflammation was evaluated by measurement of serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) levels. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Naringin improved random skin flap survival.

Histological dermal changes caused by preparation and application procedures in percutaneous dose toxicity studies in dogs, rabbits and rats

PubMed Central

Mitsuishi, Mikio; Oshikata, Takafumi; Kumabe, Shino; Kobayashi, Azusa; Katoku, Koshiro; Kanno, Takeshi; Hamamura, Masao; Tsuchitani, Minoru

2014-01-01

We reevaluated histological slides of dorsal skin in control animals from past percutaneous dose toxicity studies using dogs, rabbits and rats to provide background data concerning histological changes related to preparation and application procedures and vehicles or embrocations of every variety. Acanthosis, dermal or perifollicular inflammatory cell infiltration in dogs; hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, dermal inflammatory cell infiltration or hemorrhage in rabbits; and acanthosis, dermal inflammatory cell infiltration, crust or foreign body granuloma in rats were present as procedure-related underlying histological changes in the control animals. Four mechanical acts, (1) rubbing with gauze to remove an administered substance for reapplication, (2) use of a taut bandage to avoid slipping from the application site, (3) peeling a patch off as a preparation procedure for reapplication, and (4) clipping or shaving, were considered to cause injury to the skin. The degree of influence of the various application procedures was found to be as follows: sham, lotion < cream < ointment and tape in dogs; untreated control, sham < lotion < tape and poultice in rabbits; and sham, sodium carboxymethylcellulose < olive oil and lotion < ointment and tape in rats. The degree of ointment influence on rabbits is equivocal. PMID:26023255

Glucocorticoid combined with hyaluronic acid enhance glucocorticoid receptor activity through inhibiting p-38MAPK signal pathway activation in treating acute lung injury in rats.

PubMed

Lv, Q

2016-09-01

In order to seek an effective strategy for clinical treatment of acute lung injury (ALI), we are committed to explore the effect of combination therapy of glucocorticoid and hyaluronic acid on acute lung injury caused by an endotoxin (LPS) and its mechanism. Adult male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided randomly into 5 groups: normal group (n=8); LPS group (n=8); dexamethasone +LPS group (DXMS group, n=8); hyaluronic acid+ LPS group (HA group, n=8); dexamethasone +hyaluronic acid +LPS group (DXMS+HA group, n=8). Firstly, SD rat model with acute lung injury induced by LPS was established, and injected corresponding drugs according to the plan. Then, the expression of TNF-a, IL-8, IL-10, ICAM-1 and total protein were measured by ELISA, and the HE staining was used for detected the pathological change in lung tissue. Subsequently, the water content, dry and wet ratio and permeability in lung tissues of SD rats was assayed. Finally, the expression level of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) was detected by RT-PCR, and activation of p-p38MAPK was determined by Western blotting. The results showed that concentration of IL-8, IL-10 and ICAM-1 was significantly increased in BALF after LPS injection, and the results from HE staining showed it had widespread inflammation. However, lung structures in SD rats with inhalation lung injury were improved significantly after the injection of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid, and the Pa02/Fi02, blood pressure and Cdyn were also increased. Moreover, lung water content, the ratio of wet and dry lung, and lung permeability index (LPI) was decreased after having treated the SD rats with a combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid, and the apoptosis index was also decreased in the rats with LPS-induced ALI. Our data also suggested that TNF-α, IL-8, IL-10, intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and total protein was significantly declined in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats with LPS-induced acute lung injury after treated the SD rats with a combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid. In addition, the data also implied that anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the activation of p38MAPK signal pathway induced by LPS through enhancement of the activity of GR, to further analyze the mechanism of the effect of combination therapy with dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid on acute lung injury in SD rats. LPS-induced ALI in SD rats is relieved after treatment with a combination of dexamethasone and hyaluronic acid. In the process of its function, activated GR can represent anti-inflammatory effect and protect the lung tissue by inhibiting the activation/phosphorylation of p38MAPK, while hyaluronic acid can enhance micro-environment of alveolar tissue.

Assessment of clinical practice guideline methodology for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with intra-articular hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Altman, Roy D; Schemitsch, Emil; Bedi, Asheesh

2015-10-01

Clinical practice guidelines are of increasing importance in the decision making for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Inconsistent recommendations regarding the use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis have led to confusion among treating physicians. Literature search to identify clinical practice guidelines that provide recommendations regarding the use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid treatment for knee osteoarthritis was conducted. Included guidelines were appraised using the AGREE II instrument. Guideline development methodologies, how the results were assessed, the recommendation formation, and work group composition were summarized. Overall, 10 clinical practice guidelines were identified that met our inclusion criteria. AGREE II domain scores were variable across the included guidelines. The methodology utilized across the guidelines was heterogeneous regarding the evidence inclusion criteria, analysis of evidence results, formulation of clinical practice recommendations, and work group composition. The recommendations provided by the guidelines for intra-articular hyaluronic acid treatment for knee osteoarthritis are highly inconsistent as a result of the variability in guideline methodology. Overall, 30% of the included guidelines recommended against the use of intra-articular hyaluronic acid in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis, while 30% deemed the treatment an appropriate intervention under certain scenarios. The remaining 40% of the guidelines provided either an uncertain recommendation or no recommendation at all, based on the high variability in reviewed evidence regarding efficacy and trial quality. There is a need for a standard "appropriate methodology" that is agreed upon for osteoarthritis clinical practice guidelines in order to prevent the development of conflicting recommendations for intra-articular hyaluronic acid treatment for knee osteoarthritis, and to assure that treating physicians who are utilizing these guidelines are making their clinical decisions on the best available evidence. At present, the inconsistent recommendations provided for intra-articular hyaluronic acid treatment make it difficult for clinical professionals to determine its appropriateness when treating patients with knee osteoarthritis. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical Improvement of Subacute and Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion Treated With Hyaluronic Acid Plus Hypertonic Solution via Nasal Lavage: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Cioffi, Luigi; Gallo, Patrizia; D'Avino, Antonio; Carlomagno, Francesco; Aloi, Giuseppe; D'Onofrio, Antonietta; Del Gaizo, Donatella; Giuliano, Maria; De Franchis, Raffaella; Sandomenico, Maria L; Pecoraro, Anna

2017-01-01

Background . This study, a randomized controlled trial, aims to demonstrate a clinically significant improvement in subacute and chronic otitis media with effusion through the administration of hyaluronic acid associated with hypertonic solution compared with the administration of hypertonic solution alone. The setting was an outpatient clinic of 20 primary care pediatrician offices affiliated with the 3 Local Health Units (Azienda Sanitaria Locale) of Naples. Materials and Methods . The study was conducted for 6 months, from October 2014 to the end of March 2015. The study saw the participation of 20 pediatricians who were experts in pneumatic otoscopy, each of whom enrolled 15 children. Each investigator was randomized to carry out the treatment with 3% hypertonic solution or high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid + 3% hypertonic solution. Results . A total of 275 children were enrolled, of whom 11(equal to 4% ) were lost to follow-up. A total of 264 children completed the trial according to the protocol, 120 in the hyaluronic acid + hypertonic solution group and 144 in the hypertonic solution group. Hyaluronic acid associated with hypertonic solution and hypertonic solution alone administered by nasal lavage have proven to be safe and effective in the treatment of prolonged otitis media with effusion (initial score of -0.5, final score of 0.9, P < 001, for the hypertonic + hyaluronic acid group; initial score of -0.3, final score of 0.2, P < .001, for the hypertonic solution group). Though starting from a less favorable initial clinical score (-0.5 vs -0.3, P < .016), hyaluronic acid associated with hypertonic solution resulted in a significant increase in clinical healing (0.9 vs 0.2, P < .001). One interesting outcome was the significant reduction in the consumption of drugs (cortisone and antibiotics) during the follow-up.

An experimental study of tissue reaction to hyaluronic acid (Restylane) and polymethylmethacrylate (Metacrill) in the mouse.

PubMed

Rosa, Simone C; Macedo, Jefferson L S; Magalhães, Albino V

2012-10-01

The aging skin is a challenge for medical science. Plastic surgeons and dermatologists are called every day to solve problems like filling wrinkles or folds. The material used must be biocompatible because abnormal reactions may cause catastrophic results. This study analyzes the biological behavior of polymethylmethacrylate (Metacrill) and hyaluronic acid (Restylane), using a histopathologic study in mice. A prospective study was performed using 40 mice for each substance: polymethylmethacrylate or hyaluronic acid was injected into the right ear, the left ear been used as a control. Histopathologic analyses of the right ear, liver, and kidney were performed at intervals during the study and revealed the development of a granulomatous reaction with fibrosis and absorption of spheres and signs of liver and kidney sistematization for polymethylmethacrylate. A discrete cellular reaction, with less formation of fibrosis, and no giant cells were seen in the mice injected with hyaluronic acid.

A new viscosupplement based on partially hydrophobic hyaluronic acid: a comparative study.

PubMed

Finelli, Ivana; Chiessi, Ester; Galesso, Devis; Renier, Davide; Paradossi, Gaio

2011-01-01

A novel partially hydrophobized derivative of hyaluronic acid (HYADD® 4), containing a low number of C16 side-chains per polysaccharide backbone, provides injectable hydrogels stabilized by side-chain hydrophobic interactions. The rheological properties of Hymovis®, a physical hydrogel based on the hyaluronic acid derivative HYADD® 4, were evaluated using as reference a solution of the parent natural polysaccharide, hyaluronic acid. The rheological measurements were performed both in flow and oscillation regimes at the physiological frequency values of the knee, typically spanning the range from 0.5 Hz (walking frequency) to 3 Hz (running frequency). Moreover, the viscoelastic features of Hymovis® were compared with the market-available viscosupplementation products in view of its use in joint diseases.The different behavior of the investigated materials in crossover frequency measurements and in structure recovery experiments can be explained on the basis of the structural and dynamic properties of the polymeric systems.

Hyaluronic acid improves "pleasantness" and tolerability of nebulized hypertonic saline in a cohort of patients with cystic fibrosis.

PubMed

Buonpensiero, Paolo; De Gregorio, Fabiola; Sepe, Angela; Di Pasqua, Antonio; Ferri, Pasqualina; Siano, Maria; Terlizzi, Vito; Raia, Valeria

2010-11-01

Inhaled hypertonic saline improves lung function and decreases pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis. However, side effects such as cough, narrowing of airways and saltiness cause intolerance of the therapy in 8% of patients. The aim of our study was to compare the effect of an inhaled solution of hyaluronic acid and hypertonic saline with hypertonic solution alone on safety and tolerability. A total of 20 patients with cystic fibrosis aged 6 years and over received a single treatment regimen of 7% hypertonic saline solution or hypertonic solution with 0.1% hyaluronate for 2 days nonconsecutively after a washout period in an open crossover study. Cough, throat irritation, and salty taste were evaluated by a modified ordinal score for assessing tolerability; "pleasantness" was evaluated by a five-level, Likert-type scale. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second was registered before and after the end of the saline inhalations. All 20 patients (nine males, 11 females, mean age 13 years, range 8.9-17.7) completed the study. The inhaled solution of 0.1% hyaluronic acid and hypertonic saline significantly improved tolerability and pleasantness compared to hypertonic saline alone. No major adverse effects were observed. No difference was documented in pulmonary function tests between the two treatments. Hyaluronic acid combined with hypertonic saline solution may contribute to improved adherence to hypertonic saline therapy. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings. Considering the extraordinary versatility of hyaluronic acid in biological reactions, perspective studies could define its applicability to halting progression of lung disease in cystic fibrosis.

[Anti-wrinkle creams with hyaluronic acid: how effective are they?].

PubMed

Poetschke, Julian; Schwaiger, Hannah; Steckmeier, Stephanie; Ruzicka, Thomas; Gauglitz, Gerd G

2016-05-25

Anti-wrinkle creams containing hyaluronic-acid are often advertised as an efficacious option for the treatment of wrinkles and have even been presented as an option equal to some medical procedures in this regard. Evidence from conclusive and systematic research supporting those claims, however, is widely lacking. During this trial we examined whether the daily use of anti-wrinkle creams containing hyaluronic-acid has an influence on the depth of wrinkles as well as skin tightness and elasticity. We split up 20 patients into four groups, each of which were assigned an anti-wrinkle cream containing hyaluronic acid for daily use. Four different creams within different price ranges were chosen (Balea, Nivea, Lancôme, Chanel). Before and after the 3 month trial, wrinkle depth was assessed using the PRIMOS(pico) (GFMesstechnik, Teltow, Germany) and skin-tightness and elasticity were evaluated using the Cutometer MP580 (Courage+Khazaka, Cologne, Germany). Additionally, after the trial, questionnaire data on patient satisfaction with their individual product was collected. The depth of perioral and orbital wrinkles decreased significantly in all groups, with depth reduction ranging between 10% and 20%. Skin-tightness increased significantly in all groups, rising by 13 to 30%. Minimal significant changes in skin-elasticity could only be shown in individual groups. The regular use of hyaluronic-acid containing anti-wrinkle creams for over 3 months showed clear and positive effects on wrinkle-depth and skin-tightness. Due to the design of the study, however, no clear indication on the efficacy of hyaluronic acid could be shown.

Will a single periarticular lidocaine-corticosteroid injection improve the clinical efficacy of intraarticular hyaluronic acid treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis?

PubMed

Ertürk, Cemil; Altay, Mehmet Akif; Altay, Nuray; Kalender, Ali Murat; Öztürk, İbrahim Avşin

2016-11-01

A local injection of corticosteroid-lidocaine into the periarticular soft tissue structures is used commonly for rapid pain relief. It is hypothesized that knee pain associated with knee osteoarthritis would be relieved quickly and effectively in patients receiving intraarticular hyaluronic acid combined with a periarticular lidocaine-corticosteroid injection. To test this hypothesis, the clinical effect of the combined treatment with hyaluronic acid injection alone in patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis as compared in this prospective single-blinded randomized trial. This study included 70 patients. Group 1 (n = 35) received intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections only, whereas group 2 (n = 35) received intraarticular hyaluronic acid injections combined with a single local injection of corticosteroid-lidocaine. Injections were administered to the most painful areas of the anterior or posterior medial condyle of the femur or tibia. The outcome was measured by independent assessors (blinded to treatment) using a linear VAS pain scale and WOMAC and HSS knee scores. Assessments were performed at baseline and at 1, 3, 6, 12, 26, and 52 weeks. During the first 3 weeks, group 2 patients showed significantly better all scores than did group 1 patients (p < 0.01). However, no significant differences were detected at 6, 12, 26 or 52 weeks (n.s.). The combined treatment may lead to earlier pain relief compared with intraarticular hyaluronic acid alone in patients with knee osteoarthritis and can be considered a useful adjunctive treatment modality. This combined method may provide early return to patient's daily activity. Therapeutic study, Level I.

Febrile urinary tract infections after ureteroneocystostomy and subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for vesicoureteral reflux--do choice of procedure and success matter?

PubMed

Dwyer, Moira E; Husmann, Douglas A; Rathbun, Suzanne R; Weight, Christopher J; Kramer, Stephen A

2013-01-01

Despite success rates favoring ureteroneocystostomy over subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid for correction of vesicoureteral reflux, the reported incidence of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection favors the latter. We evaluated contemporary treatment cohorts for an association between correction of vesicoureteral reflux and risk of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 396 consecutive patients who underwent ureteroneocystostomy or subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid between 1994 and 2008. Time to event multivariate analyses included preoperative grade of vesicoureteral reflux and bladder/bowel dysfunction. Of 316 patients meeting study criteria 210 underwent ureteroneocystostomy (356 ureters) and 106 underwent subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (167). Median patient age was 5.7 years (IQR 3.4 to 8.3). Median followup was 28 months (IQR 8 to 61). Ureteral success was significantly greater after ureteroneocystostomy (88%, 314 of 356 cases) vs subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (74%, 124 of 167, p = 0.0001). When controlling for preoperative grade of vesicoureteral reflux and bladder/bowel dysfunction, the risk of persistent reflux was 2.8 times greater after subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (95% CI 1.7-4.7, p <0.0001). The incidence of febrile urinary tract infection did not significantly differ between ureteroneocystostomy (8%, 16 of 210 cases) and subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid (4%, 4 of 106; HR 1.96, 95% CI 0.64-5.9, p = 0.24) even when controlling for preoperative grade of vesicoureteral reflux, a predictor of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection on multivariate analysis (HR 2.2 per increase in grade, 95% CI 1.3-3.6, p = 0.0022). Persistent reflux was not a predictor of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.22-2.9, p = 0.75 for ureteroneocystostomy vs HR 1.8, 95% CI 0.2-17.3, p = 0.6 for subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid and HR 1.8, 95% CI 0.3-3.3, p = 0.6 for both). The incidence of postoperative febrile urinary tract infection may be independent of radiographic procedural success. Copyright © 2013 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The postulated mechanism of the protective effect of ginger on the aspirin induced gastric ulcer: Histological and immunohistochemical studies.

PubMed

Salah Khalil, Mahmoud

2015-07-01

There are many available drugs for treating gastric ulcer, but they have various side effects. Ginger is a folk, herbal medicine, which is used for treatment of various diseases including gastric ulcer. This study investigates the possible mechanism of the protective effect of ginger on aspirin induced gastric ulcer. Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into four groups (10 animal per each group) and orally received the followings once daily for 5 days: Group I: 3 ml of 1% carboxymethyl cellulose; Group II: ginger powder (200 mg/kg body weight) suspended in 3 mL of 1% carboxymethylcellulose; Group III: aspirin (400 mg/kg body weight) suspended in 3 ml of 1% carboxymethylcellulose in water. Group IV: ginger and 30 minutes later, received aspirin suspended in 1% carboxymethylcellulose, in similar doses as received in groups II and III. On day 6, rats were sacrificed. The animals were anesthetized and the stomach was removed for the macroscopic, histological (Haematoxylin & Eosin and Periodic Acid Shiff) and immunohistochemical investigations (Bax, inducible nitric oxide synthase and heat shock protein 70). Aspirin induced a significant increase of the macroscopic ulcer score, shed and disrupted epithelium, mucosal hemorrhage, submucosal edema and leukocyte infiltration, loss of the mucus of the mucosal surface significantly increased expression of apoptosis regulator Bax, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70). Ginger ameliorated the histological changes by reducing Bax and iNOS and increasing HSP70 expressions.

Knee Viscosupplementation: Cost-Effectiveness Analysis between Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid in a Single Injection versus Five Injections of Standard Hyaluronic Acid.

PubMed

Estades-Rubio, Francisco J; Reyes-Martín, Alvaro; Morales-Marcos, Victor; García-Piriz, Mercedes; García-Vera, Juan J; Perán, Macarena; Marchal, Juan A; Montañez-Heredia, Elvira

2017-03-17

Given the wide difference in price per vial between various presentations of hyaluronic acid, this study seeks to compare the effectiveness and treatment cost of stabilized hyaluronic acid (NASHA) in a single injection with standard preparations of hyaluronic acid (HA) in five injections in osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. Fifty-four patients with knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence Grade II and III) and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score greater than 7, with a homogeneous distribution of age, sex, BMI, and duration of disease, were included in this study. Patients were randomized into two groups: Group I was treated with NASHA (Durolane ® ) and Group II with HA (Go-ON ® ). Patient's evolution was followed up at the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, and 26th week after treatment. A statistically significant improvement in WOMAC score was observed for patients treated with NASHA versus those who received HA at Week 26. In addition, the need for analgesia was significantly reduced at Week 26 in the NASHA-treated group. Finally, the economic analysis showed an increased cost of overall treatment with HA injections. Our data support the use of the NASHA class of products in the treatment of knee OA.

An easy-to-use approach for determining the disintegration ability of disintegrants by analysis of available surface area.

PubMed

Iwao, Yasunori; Tanaka, Shoko; Uchimoto, Takeaki; Noguchi, Shuji; Itai, Shigeru

2013-05-01

With the aim of directly predicting the functionality and mechanism of disintegrants during the disintegration and dissolution of tablets, we investigated an analysis method based on available surface area, which is the surface area of a drug in a formulation in direct contact with the external solvent during dissolution. We evaluated the following disintegrants in this study: sodium starch glycolate (Glycolys), crospovidone (Kollidon CL), carboxymethylcellulose calcium (CMC-Ca), low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose (L-HPC), and croscarmellose sodium (Ac-Di-Sol). When disintegrant was added to a 50% ethenzamide tablet formulation, an increase in the dissolution rate dependent on disintegrant concentration was observed, according to the type of disintegrant. In addition, the available surface area also differed between disintegrants. For Glycolys, CMC-Ca, and Ac-Di-Sol, a rapid increase in available surface area and a large increase in maximum available surface area (Smax) were observed due to high swellability and wicking, even when the disintegrant concentration was only 1.0%. In contrast, for Kollidon CL and LH-21, a gradual increase in available surface area was observed, depending on the disintegrant concentration. To evaluate the disintegrant ability, Δtmax and ΔSmax were calculated by subtracting peak time (tmax) at 5.0% from that at 1.0% and subtracting Smax at 1.0% from that at 5.0%, respectively, and it was found that the water absorption ratio had strong negative correlations with Δtmax and ΔSmax. Therefore, this study demonstrates that analysis of only available surface area and parameters thereby obtained can directly provide useful information, especially about the disintegration ability of disintegrants. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Post-operative adhesions after digestive surgery: their incidence and prevention: review of the literature.

PubMed

Ouaïssi, M; Gaujoux, S; Veyrie, N; Denève, E; Brigand, C; Castel, B; Duron, J J; Rault, A; Slim, K; Nocca, D

2012-04-01

Post-operative adhesions after gastrointestinal surgery are responsible for significant morbidity and constitute an important public health problem. The aim of this study was to review the surgical literature to determine the incidence, consequences and the variety of possible countermeasures to prevent adhesion formation. A systematic review of English and French language surgical literature published between 1995 and 2009 was performed using the keywords "adhesion" and "surgery". Peritoneal adhesions are reported as the cause of 32% of acute intestinal obstruction and 65-75% of all small bowel obstructions. It is estimated that peritoneal adhesions develop after 93-100% of upper abdominal laparotomies and after 67-93% of lower abdominal laparotomies. Nevertheless, only 15-18% of these adhesions require surgical re-intervention. The need for re-intervention for adhesion-related complications varies depending on the initial type of surgery, the postoperative course and the type of incision. The laparoscopic approach appears to decrease the risk of adhesion formation by 45% and the need for adhesion-related re-intervention to 0.8% after appendectomy and to 2.5% after colorectal surgery. At the present time, only one product consisting of hyaluronic acid applied to a layer of carboxymethylcellulose (Seprafilm(®)) has been shown to significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative adhesion formation; but this product is also associated with a significant increase in the incidence of anastomotic leakage when the membrane is applied in direct contact with the anastomosis. The use of this product has not been shown to decrease the risk of re-intervention for bowel obstruction. The prevention of postoperative adhesions is an important public health goal, particularly in light of the frequency of this complication. The routine use of anti-adhesion products is not recommended given the lack of studies with a high level of evidence concerning their efficacy and safety of use. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Biocompatibility and antifibrotic effect of UV-cross-linked hyaluronate as a release-system for tranilast after trabeculectomy in a rabbit model--a pilot study.

PubMed

Spitzer, Martin S; Sat, Macarena; Schramm, Charlotte; Schnichels, Sven; Schultheiss, Maximilian; Yoeruek, Efdal; Dzhelebov, Dimitar; Szurman, Peter

2012-06-01

To analyze the release kinetics and the clinical and histological effects of UV-cross-linked hyaluronic acid as a release-system for the transforming growth factor β-2 antagonist tranilast with anti-phlogistic properties on intraocular pressure after trabeculectomy in an aggressive scarring animal model. Hyaluronate acid was UV-cross linked and loaded with tranilast. The release of tranilast into a buffered salt solution was assessed spectrophotometrically. Glaucoma filtration surgery, similar to that performed in clinical practice, was performed on chinchilla rabbits. The rabbits were divided in 3 groups. (Group A: trabeculectomy alone, group B: trabeculectomy with a cross-linked hyaluronic acid gel preparation and group C: trabeculectomy with cross-linked hyaluronic gel preparation mixed with tranilast). Antifibrotic efficacy was established by clinical response and histologic examination. The cross-linked gels released tranilast for up to 26 h. The release plotted as a function of the square root of time was consistent with a largely diffusion-controlled release system. Both the gel preparation alone and the gel preparation mixed with tranilast were well tolerated in vivo. No adverse effects such as inflammation, corneal toxicity or blurring of the optical media were observed. The intraocular pressure reached preoperative levels within 9 days after surgery in control animals and group B, but remained significantly reduced (p = 0.00016) in the group with tranilast until day 22. The data of this pilot study suggest that the intraoperative application of UV-crossed linked hyaluronic acid used as a slow release system for tranilast may improve the surgical outcome of glaucoma filtration surgery.

Molecular weight analyses and enzymatic degradation profiles of the soft-tissue fillers Belotero Balance, Restylane, and Juvéderm Ultra.

PubMed

Flynn, Timothy Corcoran; Thompson, David H; Hyun, Seok-Hee

2013-10-01

In this study, the authors sought to determine the molecular weight distribution of three hyaluronic acids-Belotero Balance, Restylane, and Juvéderm Ultra-and their rates of degradation following exposure to hyaluronidase. Lot consistency of Belotero Balance also was analyzed. Three lots of Belotero Balance were analyzed using liquid chromatography techniques. The product was found to have high-molecular-weight and low-molecular-weight species. One lot of Belotero Balance was compared to one lot each of Juvéderm Ultra and Restylane. Molecular weights of the species were analyzed. The hyaluronic acids were exposed to ovine testicular hyaluronidase at six time points-baseline and 0.5, 1, 2, 6, and 24 hours-to determine degradation rates. Belotero Balance lots were remarkably consistent. Belotero Balance had the largest high-molecular-weight species, followed by Juvéderm Ultra and Restylane (p < 0.001). Low-molecular-weight differences among all three hyaluronic acids were not statistically significant. Percentages of high-molecular-weight polymer differ among the three materials, with Belotero Balance having the highest fraction of high-molecular-weight polymer. Degradation of the high-molecular-weight species over time showed different molecular weights of the high-molecular-weight fraction. Rates of degradation of the hyaluronic acids following exposure to ovine testicular hyaluronidase were similar. All hyaluronic acids were fully degraded at 24 hours. Fractions of high-molecular-weight polymer differ across the hyaluronic acids tested. The low-molecular-weight differences are not statistically significant. The high-molecular-weight products have different molecular weights at the 0.5- and 2-hour time points when exposed to ovine testicular hyaluronidase and are not statistically different at 24 hours.

Hyaluronic acid/Chitosan nanoparticles as delivery vehicles for VEGF and PDGF-BB.

PubMed

Parajó, Yolanda; D'Angelo, Ivana; Welle, Alexander; Garcia-Fuentes, Marcos; Alonso, María José

2010-11-01

The development of a vascular network in tissue-engineered constructs is a fundamental bottleneck of bioregenerative medicine, particularly when the size of the implant exceeds a certain limit given by diffusion lengths and/or if the host tissue shows a very active metabolism. One of the approaches to achieve the vascularization of tissue constructs is generating a sustained release of proangiogenic factors from the ischemic site. This work describes the formation and characterization of hyaluronic acid-chitosan (HA/CS) nanoparticles for the delivery of two pro-angiogenic growth factors: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and platelet derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). These nanoparticles were prepared by an ionic gelification technique, and different formulations were developed by encapsulating the growth factors in association with two stabilizing agents: bovine serum albumin or heparin sodium salt. These carriers were characterized with regard to their physicochemical properties, their stability in biological media, and their cytotoxicity in the C3a hepatoma cell line. The results show that nanoparticles around 200 nm can be prepared by this method. HA/CS nanoparticles were stable when incubated in EMEM cell culture medium or in water at 37°C for 24 h. Cell culture tests confirmed that HA/CS nanoparticles are not cytotoxic within the concentration range used for growth factor delivery. Moreover, HA/CS nanoparticles were able to entrap efficiently both growth factors, reaching association values of 94% and 54% for VEGF and PDGF, respectively. In vitro release studies confirm that PDGF-BB is released from HA/CS nanoparticles in a sustained manner over approximately 1 week. On the other hand, VEGF is completely released within the first 24 h.

A novel perfusion-based method for cochlear implant electrode insertion.

PubMed

Kale, Sushrut; Cervantes, Vanessa M; Wu, Mailing R; Pisano, Dominic V; Sheth, Nakul; Olson, Elizabeth S

2014-08-01

A cochlear implant (CI) restores partial hearing to profoundly deaf individuals. CI electrodes are inserted manually in the cochlea and surgeons rely on tactile feedback from the implant to determine when to stop the insertion. This manual insertion method results in a large degree of variability in surgical outcomes and intra-cochlear trauma. Additionally, implants often span only the basal turn. In the present study we report on the development of a new method to assist CI electrode insertion. The design objectives are (1) an automated and standardized insertion technique across patients with (2) more apical insertion than is possible by the contemporary methods, while (3) minimizing insertion trauma. The method relies on a viscous fluid flow through the cochlea to carry the electrode array with it. A small cochleostomy (∼100-150 um in diameter) is made in scala vestibuli (SV) and the round window (RW) membrane is opened. A flow of diluted Sodium Hyaluronate (also known as Hyaluronic Acid, (HA)) is set up from the RW to the SV opening using a perfusion pump that sets up a unidirectional flow. Once the flow is established an implant is dropped into the ongoing flow. Here we present a proof-of-concept study where we used this technique to insert silicone implants all the way to the cochlear apex in rats and gerbils. In light-microscopic histology, the implantation occurred without cochlear trauma. To further assess the ototoxicity of the HA perfusion, we measured compound action potential (CAP) thresholds following the perfusion of HA, and found that the CAP thresholds were substantially elevated. Thus, at this point the method is promising, and requires further development to become clinically viable. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hyaluronic Acid/Collagen Hydrogel as an Alternative to Alginate for Long-Term Immunoprotected Islet Transplantation.

PubMed

Harrington, Stephen; Williams, Janette; Rawal, Sonia; Ramachandran, Karthik; Stehno-Bittel, Lisa

2017-10-01

Alginate has long been the material of choice for immunoprotection of islets due to its low cost and ability to easily form microspheres. Unfortunately, this seaweed-derived material is notoriously prone to fibrotic overgrowth in vivo, resulting in premature graft failure. The purpose of this study was to test an alternative, hyaluronic acid (HA-COL), for in vitro function, viability, and allogeneic islet transplant outcomes in diabetic rats. In vitro studies indicated that the HA-COL gel had diffusion characteristics that would allow small molecules such as glucose and insulin to enter and exit the gel, whereas larger molecules (70 and 500 kDa dextrans) were impeded from diffusing past the gel edge in 24 h. Islets encapsulated in HA-COL hydrogel showed significantly improved in vitro viability over unencapsulated islets and retained their morphology and glucose sensitivity for 28 days. When unencapsulated allogeneic islet transplants were administered to the omentum of outbred rats, they initially were normoglycemic, but by 11 days returned to hyperglycemia. Immunohistological examination of the grafts and surrounding tissue indicated strong graft rejection. By comparison, when using the same outbred strain of rats, allogeneic transplantation of islets within the HA-COL gel reversed long-term diabetes and prevented graft rejection in all animals. Animals were sacrificed at 40, 52, 64, and 80 weeks for evaluation, and all were non-diabetic at sacrifice. Explanted grafts revealed viable islets in the transplant site as well as intact hydrogel, with little or no evidence of fibrotic overgrowth or cellular rejection. The results of these studies demonstrate great potential for HA-COL hydrogel as an alternative to sodium alginate for long-term immunoprotected islet transplantation.

Skin delivery of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and hyaluronic acid loaded nano-transfersomes for antioxidant and anti-aging effects in UV radiation induced skin damage.

PubMed

Avadhani, Kiran S; Manikkath, Jyothsna; Tiwari, Mradul; Chandrasekhar, Misra; Godavarthi, Ashok; Vidya, Shimoga M; Hariharapura, Raghu C; Kalthur, Guruprasad; Udupa, Nayanabhirama; Mutalik, Srinivas

2017-11-01

The present work attempts to develop and statistically optimize transfersomes containing EGCG and hyaluronic acid to synergize the UV radiation-protective ability of both compounds, along with imparting antioxidant and anti-aging effects. Transfersomes were prepared by thin film hydration technique, using soy phosphatidylcholine and sodium cholate, combined with high-pressure homogenization. They were characterized with respect to size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, morphology, entrapment efficiency, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), in vitro antioxidant activity and ex vivo skin permeation studies. Cell viability, lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS levels and expression of MMPs (2 and 9) were determined in human keratinocyte cell lines (HaCaT). The composition of the transfersomes was statistically optimized by Design of Experiments using Box-Behnken design with four factors at three levels. The optimized transfersome formulation showed vesicle size, polydispersity index and zeta potential of 101.2 ± 6.0 nm, 0.245 ± 0.069 and -44.8 ± 5.24 mV, respectively. FTIR and DSC showed no interaction between EGCG and the selected excipients. XRD results revealed no form conversion of EGCG in its transfersomal form. The optimized transfersomes were found to increase the cell viability and reduce the lipid peroxidation, intracellular ROS and expression of MMPs in HaCaT cells. The optimized transfersomal formulation of EGCG and HA exhibited considerably higher skin permeation and deposition of EGCG than that observed with plain EGCG. The results underline the potential application of the developed transfersomes in sunscreen cream/lotions for improvement of UV radiation-protection along with deriving antioxidant and anti-aging effects.

A nonfouling voltammetric immunosensor for the carcinoembryonic antigen based on the use of polyaniline nanowires wrapped with hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Wang, Jiasheng; Hui, Ni

2018-06-16

A non-fouling electrochemical immunosensor is described for determination of the tumor biomarker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). It is based on the use of composite wires made by chemical grafting of hyaluronic acid onto polyaniline nanowires. The modified nanowires possess excellent antifouling property both in single protein solutions and in dilute serum samples. The current of immunoelectrode exhibits a linear response in the 0.01 pg mL -1 to 10,000 pg mL -1 CEA concentration range and 0.0075 pg mL -1 detection limit. This work demonstrates that coating an electrode with hyaluronic acid can largely reduce unspecific adsorption of proteins on the electrode surface. Graphical abstract Schematic of a nonfouling electrochemical immunosensor for the carcinoembryonic antigen. It is based on novel composite wires made through the chemical grafting of easily available hyaluronic acid (HA) onto polyaniline (PANI) nanowires. The HA/PANI demonstrated excellent antifouling property both in single protein solutions and human serum samples.

Improvement in skin wrinkles using a preparation containing human growth factors and hyaluronic acid serum.

PubMed

Lee, Do Hyun; Oh, In Young; Koo, Kyo Tan; Suk, Jang Mi; Jung, Sang Wook; Park, Jin Oh; Kim, Beom Joon; Choi, Yoo Mi

2015-02-01

Skin aging is accompanied by wrinkle formation. At some sites, such as the periorbital skin, this is a relatively early phenomenon. We evaluated the anti-wrinkle effect of a preparation containing human growth factor and hyaluronic acid serum on periorbital wrinkles (crow's feet). In total, 23 Korean women (age range: 39-59 years), who were not pregnant, nursing, or undergoing any concurrent therapy, were enrolled in this study. All the patients completed an 8-week trial of twice-daily application of human growth factor and hyaluronic acid serum on the entire face. Efficacy was based on a global photodamage score, photographs, and image analysis using replicas and visiometer analysis every 4 weeks. The standard wrinkle and roughness parameters used in assessing skin by visiometer were calculated and statistically analyzed. Periorbital wrinkles were significantly improved after treatment, with improvements noted both by physician's assessment and visiometer analysis. Topical application of human growth factor and hyaluronic acid was beneficial in reducing periorbital wrinkles.

Characterization of a chondroitin sulfate hydrogel for nerve root regeneration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conovaloff, Aaron; Panitch, Alyssa

2011-10-01

Brachial plexus injury is a serious medical problem that affects many patients annually, with most cases involving damage to the nerve roots. Therefore, a chondroitin sulfate hydrogel was designed to both serve as a scaffold for regenerating root neurons and deliver neurotrophic signals. Capillary electrophoresis showed that chondroitin sulfate has a dissociation constant in the micromolar range with several common neurotrophins, and this was determined to be approximately tenfold stronger than with heparin. It was also revealed that nerve growth factor exhibits a slightly stronger affinity for hyaluronic acid than for chondroitin sulfate. However, E8 chick dorsal root ganglia cultured in the presence of nerve growth factor revealed that ganglia cultured in chondroitin sulfate scaffolds showed more robust growth than those cultured in control gels of hyaluronic acid. It is hypothesized that, despite the stronger affinity of nerve growth factor for hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate serves as a better scaffold for neurite outgrowth, possibly due to inhibition of growth by hyaluronic acid chains.

A serum-free medium for colony growth and hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus NJUST01.

PubMed

Zhang, Jianfa; Ding, Xia; Yang, Liuyan; Kong, Zhiming

2006-08-01

A hyaluronic acid (HA)-producing strain, Streptococcus zooepidemicus NJUST01, can grow in a serum-free agar medium, with starch as exclusive carbon source, but not glucose, sucrose, dextrine, xylose, or lactose. In this starch medium, the strain NJUST01 reproduced successively at 37 degrees C for 60 generations, with no obvious variation on morphology and physiology, but colonies of the strain after 60th generation could not produce a clear hemolytic zone on sheep blood agar plates. Hyaluronic acid production by the strain NJUST01 was analyzed relative to the starch medium. Employing a multifactor cross experiment, an optimum medium revealed for hyaluronic acid production was composed of 5% starch, 0.3% glucose, 0.5% peptone, 0.15% MgSO4, and 2.0% K2HPO4. The amount of HA 6.7 g/l was obtained in batch fermentation on a rotary shaker at 37 degrees C, 220 rpm for 36 h.

Synthesis and Characterization of Hyaluronic Acid Modified Colloidal Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Wenbiao; Wang, Yu; Li, Zhen; Wang, Wanxia; Sun, Honghao; Liu, Mingxing

2017-12-01

The colloidal mesoporous silica nanoparticles functionalized with hyaluronic acid (CMS-HA) were successfully synthesized by grafting hyaluronic acid onto the external surface of the amino-functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (CMS-NH2). Moreover, the paticle properties of CMS-HA were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The nanomaterials were negatively charged and had a relatively uniform spherical morphology with about 100 nm in diameter, which could make it more compatible with blood. So the results suggested that the CMS-HA might be a critical nanomaterial for applying in target drug delivery system.

Portable Sensor for Detecting Microbubbles in Real Time to Prevent Decompression Sickness for Safe Diving During Subaquatic Navy Activities

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-17

different manner as to what it was  originally proposed. The  hyaluronic   acid  was degassed prior to filling and bubbles were  introduced in a controlled...in the PZT when the PZT is actuated when the bubble crosses the PZT center. Some experiments were conducted with water, others with hyaluronic acid ...at 0.66% and with hyaluronic acid at 1.05%. Also, 38 of these experiments also monitored the signal of 3 pill microphones. 25 additional experiments

76 FR 42113 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

..., 2011) (Preliminary Results). The review covers one producer/ exporter, Quimica Amtex S.A. de C.V. The..., through June 30, 2010, is as follows: Weighted- Producer/exporter average margin (percentage) Quimica...

Effect of carboxymethylcellulose on fibril formation of collagen in vitro.

PubMed

Ding, Cuicui; Shi, Ronghui; Zheng, Zhigong; Zhang, Min

2018-01-01

The effect of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) on the fibril formation of collagen in vitro was studied by turbidity measurements and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The kinetics curves of fibril formation indicated that the rate of collagen fibrillogenesis was decreased with the addition of CMC, meanwhile the final turbidity was obviously increased as the CMC/collagen ratio reached 30%. The AFM images of collagen-CMC solutions showed that the number of nucleation sites of collagen fibrillogenesis was significantly increased with the presence of CMC, while the diameter of immature collagen fibrils was obviously decreased. Moreover, the thermal stability of collagen fibril hydrogels was obviously improved with the presence of CMC. In addition, the morphologies of collagen fibrils observed by AFM revealed that the adjacent fibril segments or fibrils were intertwisted and even tightly merged, probably due to the hydrogen bonding and molecular entanglement interactions between CMC and collagen molecules.

Advances in gluten-free bread technology.

PubMed

Ngemakwe, P H Nitcheu; Le Roes-Hill, M; Jideani, V A

2015-06-01

The unattractive appearance of gluten-free bread still remains a challenge in gluten-free breadmaking. In response to this, additives such as dairy products, soya and eggs have been used to improve the quality of gluten-free bread, but with limited success. In recent years, enzymes (transglutaminase and cyclodextrinase) and hydrocolloids (carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose) have become the main focus for the improvement of gluten-free bread. Transglutaminase has been shown to improve the dough viscoelasticity and decrease crumb hardness (6.84-5.73 N) of the resulting bread. Cyclodextrinase also enhances dough viscoelasticity, resulting in an improvement of 53% in shape index and crumb firmness. Similarly, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose improves gas retention and water absorption of dough and reduces crumb hardening rate of the resulting bread, while carboxymethylcellulose significantly increases dough elasticity (60-70 BU) and bread volume (230-267 cm(3)/100 g bread). © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Enhancing Tumor Cell Response to Chemotherapy through the Targeted Delivery of Platinum Drugs Mediated by Highly Stable, Multifunctional Carboxymethylcellulose-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Medříková, Zdenka; Novohradsky, Vojtech; Zajac, Juraj; Vrána, Oldřich; Kasparkova, Jana; Bakandritsos, Aristides; Petr, Martin; Zbořil, Radek; Brabec, Viktor

2016-07-04

The fabrication of nanoparticles using different formulations, and which can be used for the delivery of chemotherapeutics, has recently attracted considerable attention. We describe herein an innovative approach that may ultimately allow for the selective delivery of anticancer drugs to tumor cells by using an external magnet. A conventional antitumor drug, cisplatin, has been incorporated into new carboxymethylcellulose-stabilized magnetite nanoparticles conjugated with the fluorescent marker Alexa Fluor 488 or folic acid as targeting agent. The magnetic nanocarriers possess exceptionally high biocompatibility and colloidal stability. These cisplatin-loaded nanoparticles overcome the resistance mechanisms typical of free cisplatin. Moreover, experiments aimed at the localization of the nanoparticles driven by an external magnet in a medium that mimics physiological conditions confirmed that this localization can inhibit tumor cell growth site-specifically. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effect of electron beam irradiation on the viscosity of carboxymethylcellulose solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Jong-il; Lee, Hee-Sub; Kim, Jae-Hun; Lee, Kwang-Won; Chung, Young-Jin; Byun, Myung-Woo; Lee, Ju-Woon

2008-12-01

In this study, the effects of an electron beam irradiation on the viscosity of a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) solution were investigated. The viscosity of the CMC solution was decreased with an increase in the irradiation dose. Interestingly, the extent of the degradation of the CMC was found to decrease with an increase of the CMC concentration in the solution. The change of the average molar mass confirmed the decrease in the viscosity due to the degradation of the polymer. The energy of the electron beam also affected the degradation of the CMC. Lower degradation of the CMC was obtained with a decreasing electron beam energy due to its lower penetration. Addition of vitamin C as a radical scavenger to the solution and an irradiation at -70 °C were shown to be moderately effective in preventing a decrease in the viscosity of the solution by irradiation.

A Randomized Clinical Trial of Comparing Monophasic Monodensified and Biphasic Nonanimal Stabilized Hyaluronic Acid Dermal Fillers in Treatment of Asian Nasolabial Folds.

PubMed

Zhou, Shuang-Bai; Xie, Yun; Chiang, Cheng-An; Liu, Kai; Li, Qing-Feng

2016-09-01

Cross-linked hyaluronic acids (HAs) with varying characteristics and formulations are available. Despite the popularity of HA, limited studies compared the effectiveness of monophasic monodensified hyaluronic acid (MMHA) and biphasic nonanimal stabilized hyaluronic acid (BHA) products in correcting nasolabial folds (NLFs) in the Asian population. This double-blinded, randomized research aimed at evaluating the outcomes of MMHA and BHA products in treating Asian NLFs. Subjects aged between 18 and 65 years with moderate-to-severe NLFs were randomized to receive MMHA or BHA treatment. A touch-up treatment with the same product was performed at the 4-week follow-up, if needed. The effectiveness was evaluated for 24 weeks by masked investigators. All adverse events were recorded for safety evaluation. Twenty-five subjects in the MMHA Group and twenty-four subjects in the BHA Group finished 24-week follow-up. Results showed that subjects from both groups obtained satisfactory outcome in NLF correction. A lower amount of MMHA was required to achieve a similar result as that of BHA (p < .01). Both HA products maintained the effectiveness at the end of the 24-week follow-up. Both MMHA and BHA are effective for correcting NLF in Asian patients, producing satisfactory results. Monophasic monodensified hyaluronic acid provides similar satisfaction to BHA while requiring less injection volume.

Isolation of amylolytic, xylanolytic, and cellulolytic microorganisms extracted from the gut of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis by means of a micro-aerobic atmosphere.

PubMed

Tarayre, Cédric; Brognaux, Alison; Bauwens, Julien; Brasseur, Catherine; Mattéotti, Christel; Millet, Catherine; Destain, Jacqueline; Vandenbol, Micheline; Portetelle, Daniel; De Pauw, Edwin; Eric, Haubruge; Francis, Frédéric; Thonart, Philippe

2014-05-01

The aim of this work was to isolate enzyme-producing microorganisms from the tract of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis. The microorganisms were extracted from the guts and anaerobic (CO₂ or CO₂/H₂) and micro-aerobic atmospheres were used to stimulate growth. Three different strategies were tried out. First, the sample was spread on Petri dishes containing solid media with carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose or cellobiose. This technique allowed us to isolate two bacteria: Streptomyces sp. strain ABGxAviA1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ABGxCellA. The second strategy consisted in inoculating a specific liquid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, or cellobiose. The samples were then spread on Petri dishes with the same specific medium containing carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, or cellobiose. This led to the isolation of the mold Aspergillus sp. strain ABGxAviA2. Finally, the third strategy consisted in heating the first culture and spreading samples on agar plates containing rich medium. This led to the isolation of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis strain ABGx. All those steps were achieved in controlled atmospheres. The four enzyme-producing strains which were isolated were obtained by using a micro-aerobic atmosphere. Later, enzymatic assays were performed on the four strains. Streptomyces sp. strain ABGxAviA1 was found to produce only amylase, while Pseudomonas sp. strain ABGxCellA was found to produce β-glucosidase as well. Aspergillus sp. strain ABGxAviA2 showed β-glucosidase, amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities. Finally, B. subtilis strain ABGx produced xylanase and amylase.

Carboxymethylcellulose adsorption on molybdenite: the effect of electrolyte composition on adsorption, bubble-surface collisions, and flotation.

PubMed

Kor, Mohammad; Korczyk, Piotr M; Addai-Mensah, Jonas; Krasowska, Marta; Beattie, David A

2014-10-14

The adsorption of carboxymethylcellulose polymers on molybdenite was studied using spectroscopic ellipsometry and atomic force microscopy imaging with two polymers of differing degrees of carboxyl group substitution and at three different electrolyte conditions: 1 × 10(-2) M KCl, 2.76 × 10(-2) M KCl, and simulated flotation process water of multicomponent electrolyte content, with an ionic strength close to 2.76 × 10(-2) M. A higher degree of carboxyl substitution in the adsorbing polymer resulted in adsorbed layers that were thinner and with more patchy coverage; increasing the ionic strength of the electrolyte resulted in increased polymer layer thickness and coverage. The use of simulated process water resulted in the largest layer thickness and coverage for both polymers. The effect of the adsorbed polymer layer on bubble-particle attachment was studied with single bubble-surface collision experiments recorded with high-speed video capture and image processing and also with single mineral molybdenite flotation tests. The carboxymethylcellulose polymer with a lower degree of substitution resulted in almost complete prevention of wetting film rupture at the molybdenite surface under all electrolyte conditions. The polymer with a higher degree of substitution prevented rupture only when adsorbed from simulated process water. Molecular kinetic theory was used to quantify the effect of the polymer on the dewetting dynamics for collisions that resulted in wetting film rupture. Flotation experiments confirmed that adsorbed polymer layer properties, through their effect on the dynamics of bubble-particle attachment, are critical to predicting the effectiveness of polymers used to prevent mineral recovery in flotation.

Tailorable thiolated trimethyl chitosans for covalently stabilized nanoparticles.

PubMed

Verheul, Rolf J; van der Wal, Steffen; Hennink, Wim E

2010-08-09

A novel four-step method is presented to synthesize partially thiolated trimethylated chitosan (TMC) with a tailorable degree of quaternization and thiolation. First, chitosan was partially N-carboxylated with glyoxylic acid and sodium borohydride. Next, the remaining amines were quantitatively dimethylated with formaldehyde and sodium borohydride and then quaternized with iodomethane in NMP. Subsequently, these partially carboxylated TMCs dissolved in water were reacted with cystamine at pH 5.5 using EDC as coupling agent. After addition of DTT and dialysis, thiolated TMCs were obtained, varying in degree of quaternization (25-54%) and degree of thiolation (5-7%), as determined with (1)H NMR and Ellman's assay. Gel permeation chromatography with light scattering detection indicated limited intermolecular cross-linking. All thiolated TMCs showed rapid oxidation to yield disulfide cross-linked TMC at pH 7.4, while the thiolated polymers were rather stable at pH 4.0. When Calu-3 cells were used, XTT and LDH cell viability tests showed a slight reduction in cytotoxicity for thiolated TMCs as compared to the nonthiolated polymers with similar DQs. Positively charged nanoparticles loaded with fluorescently labeled ovalbumin were made from thiolated TMCs and thiolated hyaluronic acid. The stability of these particles was confirmed in 0.8 M NaCl, in contrast to particles made from nonthiolated polymers that dissociated under these conditions, demonstrating that the particles were held together by intermolecular disulfide bonds.

Selective mucosal ablation using CO2 laser for the development of novel endoscopic submucosal dissection: comparison of continuous wave and nanosecond pulsed wave

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishii, K.; Watanabe, S.; Obata, D.; Hazama, H.; Morita, Y.; Matsuoka, Y.; Kutsumi, H.; Azuma, T.; Awazu, K.

2010-02-01

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) is accepted as a minimally invasive treatment technique for small early gastric cancers. Procedures are carried out using some specialized electrosurgical knifes with a submucosal injection solution. However it is not widely used because its procedure is difficult. The objective of this study is to develop a novel ESD method which is safe in principle and widely used by using laser techniques. In this study, we used CO2 lasers with a wavelength of 10.6 μm for mucosal ablation. Two types of pulse, continuous wave and pulsed wave with a pulse width of 110 ns, were studied to compare their values. Porcine stomach tissues were used as a sample. Aqueous solution of sodium hyaluronate (MucoUpR) with 50 mg/ml sodium dihydrogenphosphate is injected to a submucosal layer. As a result, ablation effect by CO2 laser irradiation was stopped because submucosal injection solution completely absorbed CO2 laser energy in the invasive energy condition which perforates a muscle layer without submucosal injection solution. Mucosal ablation by the combination of CO2 Laser and a submucosal injection solution is a feasible technique for treating early gastric cancers safely because it provides a selective mucosal resection and less-invasive interaction to muscle layer.

In Vitro and Ex Vivo Evaluation of Novel Curcumin-Loaded Excipient for Buccal Delivery.

PubMed

Laffleur, Flavia; Schmelzle, Franziska; Ganner, Ariane; Vanicek, Stefan

2017-08-01

This study aimed to develop a mucoadhesive polymeric excipient comprising curcumin for buccal delivery. Curcumin encompasses broad range of benefits such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and chemotherapeutic activity. Hyaluronic acid (HA) as polymeric excipient was modified by immobilization of thiol bearing ligands. L-Cysteine (SH) ethyl ester was covalently attached via amide bond formation between cysteine and the carboxylic moiety of hyaluronic acid. Succeeded synthesis was proved by H-NMR and IR spectra. The obtained thiolated polymer hyaluronic acid ethyl ester (HA-SH) was evaluated in terms of stability, safety, mucoadhesiveness, drug release, and permeation-enhancing properties. HA-SH showed 2.75-fold higher swelling capacity over time in comparison to unmodified polymer. Furthermore, mucoadhesion increased 3.4-fold in case of HA-SH and drug release was increased 1.6-fold versus HA control, respectively. Curcumin-loaded HA-SH exhibits a 4.4-fold higher permeation compared with respective HA. Taking these outcomes in consideration, novel curcumin-loaded excipient, namely thiolated hyaluronic acid ethyl ester appears as promising tool for pharyngeal diseases.

Production of dissolvable microneedles using an atomised spray process: effect of microneedle composition on skin penetration.

PubMed

McGrath, Marie G; Vucen, Sonja; Vrdoljak, Anto; Kelly, Adam; O'Mahony, Conor; Crean, Abina M; Moore, Anne

2014-02-01

Dissolvable microneedles offer an attractive delivery system for transdermal drug and vaccine delivery. They are most commonly formed by filling a microneedle mold with liquid formulation using vacuum or centrifugation to overcome the constraints of surface tension and solution viscosity. Here, we demonstrate a novel microneedle fabrication method employing an atomised spray technique that minimises the effects of the liquid surface tension and viscosity when filling molds. This spray method was successfully used to fabricate dissolvable microneedles (DMN) from a wide range of sugars (trehalose, fructose and raffinose) and polymeric materials (polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and sodium alginate). Fabrication by spraying produced microneedles with amorphous content using single sugar compositions. These microneedles displayed sharp tips and had complete fidelity to the master silicon template. Using a method to quantify the consistency of DMN penetration into different skin layers, we demonstrate that the material of construction significantly influenced the extent of skin penetration. We demonstrate that this spraying method can be adapted to produce novel laminate-layered as well as horizontally-layered DMN arrays. To our knowledge, this is the first report documenting the use of an atomising spray, at ambient, mild processing conditions, to create dissolvable microneedle arrays that can possess novel, laminate layering. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and characterization of cellulose-based foams via microwave curing

PubMed Central

Demitri, Christian; Giuri, Antonella; Raucci, Maria Grazia; Giugliano, Daniela; Madaghiele, Marta; Sannino, Alessandro; Ambrosio, Luigi

2014-01-01

In this work, a mixture of a sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (CMCNa) and polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA700) was used for the preparation of a microporous structure by using the combination of two different procedures. First, physical foaming was induced using Pluronic as a blowing agent, followed by a chemical stabilization. This second step was carried out by means of an azobis(2-methylpropionamidine)dihydrochloride as the thermoinitiator (TI). This reaction was activated by heating the sample homogeneously using a microwave generator. Finally, the influence of different CMCNa and PEGDA700 ratios on the final properties of the foams was investigated. The viscosity, water absorption capacity, elastic modulus and porous structure were evaluated for each sample. In addition, preliminary biological characterization was carried out with the aim to prove the biocompatibility of the resulting material. The foam, including 20% of PEGDA700 in the mixture, demonstrated higher viscosity and stability before thermo-polymerization. In addition, increased water absorption capacity, mechanical resistance and a more uniform microporous structure were obtained for this sample. In particular, foam with 3% of CMCNa shows a hierarchical structure with open pores of different sizes. This morphology increased the properties of the foams. The full set of samples demonstrated an excellent biocompatibility profile with a good cell proliferation rate of more than 7 days. PMID:24501679

Naringin improves random skin flap survival in rats

PubMed Central

Cheng, Liang; Chen, Tingxiang; Tu, Qiming; Li, Hang; Feng, Zhenghua; Li, Zhijie; Lin, Dingsheng

2017-01-01

Background Random-pattern flap transfer is commonly used to treat soft-tissue defects. However, flap necrosis remains a serious problem. Naringin accelerates angiogenesis by activating the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In the present study, we investigated whether naringin improves the survival of random skin flaps. Results Compared with controls, the naringin-treated groups exhibited significantly larger mean areas of flap survival, significantly increased SOD activity and VEGF expression, and significantly reduced MDA level. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining revealed that naringin promoted angiogenesis and inhibited inflammation. Materials and Methods “McFarlane flap” models were established in 90 male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats divided into three groups: a 40 mg/kg control group (0.5 % sodium carboxymethylcellulose), a 40 mg/kg naringin-treated group, and an 80 mg/kg naringin-treated group. The extent of necrosis was measured 7 days later, and tissue samples were subjected to histological analysis. Angiogenesis was evaluated via lead oxide–gelatin angiography, immunohistochemistry, and laser Doppler imaging. Inflammation was evaluated by measurement of serum TNF-α (tumor necrosis factor-α) and IL-6 (interleukin-6) levels. Oxidative stress was assessed by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and the malondialdehyde (MDA) level. Conclusion Naringin improved random skin flap survival. PMID:29212216

Assimilation of organic and inorganic nutrients by Erica root fungi from the fynbos ecosystem.

PubMed

Bizabani, Christine; Dames, Joanna Felicity

2016-03-01

Erica dominate the fynbos ecosystem, which is characterized by acidic soils that are rich in organic matter. The ericaceae associate with ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) fungi for survival. In this study fungal biomass accumulation in vitro was used to determine nutrient utilisation of various inorganic and organic substrates. This is an initial step towards establishment of the ecological roles of typical ERM fungi and other root fungi associated with Erica plants, with regard to host nutrition. Meliniomyces sp., Acremonium implicatum, Leohumicola sp., Cryptosporiopsis erica, Oidiodendron maius and an unidentified Helotiales fungus were selected from fungi previously isolated and identified from Erica roots. Sole nitrogen sources ammonium, nitrate, arginine and Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) were tested. Meliniomyces and Leohumicola species were able to utilise BSA effectively. Phosphorus nutrition was tested using orthophosphate, sodium inositol hexaphosphate and DNA. Most isolates preferred orthophosphate. Meliniomyces sp. and A. implicatum were able to accumulate significant biomass using DNA. Carbon utilisation was tested using glucose, cellobiose, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin and tannic acid substrates. All fungal isolates produced high biomass on glucose and cellobiose. The ability to utilize organic nutrient sources in culture, illustrates their potential role of these fungi in host nutrition in the fynbos ecosystem. Copyright © 2015 The British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of catalytic activity and thermostability of a thermostable cellobiohydrolase from Chaetomium thermophilum by site-directed mutagenesis.

PubMed

Han, Chao; Li, Weiguang; Hua, Chengyao; Sun, Fengqing; Bi, Pengsheng; Wang, Qunqing

2018-05-20

Enzymatic saccharification of lignocellulosic biomass is increasingly applied in agricultural and industrial applications. Nevertheless, low performance in the extreme environment severely prevents the utilization of commercial enzyme preparations. To obtain cellobiohydrolases with improved catalytic activity and thermostability, structure-based rational design was performed based on a thermostable cellobiohydrolase CtCel6 from Chaetomium thermophilum. In the present study, four conserved and noncatalytic residue substitutions were generated via site-directed mutagenesis. Mutations were heterologously expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris, purified, and ultimately assayed for enzymatic characteristics. The mutant Y119F increased the catalytic activity 1.82-, 1.65- and 1.43-fold against β-d-glucan, phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) and carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na), respectively. In addition, S131 W effectively enhanced the enzyme's heat resistance to elevated temperatures. The half-life (t 1/2 ) of this mutant enzyme was increased 1.42- and 2.40-fold at 80 °C and 90 °C, respectively, compared to the wild-type. This study offers initial insight into the biological function of the conserved and noncatalytic residues of thermostable cellobiohydrolases and provides a valid approach to the improvement of enzyme redesign proposal. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Isolation of eukaryotic ribosomal proteins. Purification and characterization of 60 S ribosomal subunit proteins L3, L6, L7', L8, L10, L15, L17, L18, L19, L23', L25, L27', L28, L29, L31, L32, L34, L35, L36, L36', and L37'.

PubMed

Tsurugi, K; Collatz, E; Todokoro, K; Wool, I G

1977-06-10

The proteins of the large subunit of rat liver ribosomes were separated into seven groups by stepwise elution from carboxymethylcellulose with LiCl at pH 6.5. Twenty-one proteins (L3, L6, L7', L8, L10, L15, L17, L18, L19, L23', L25, L27', L28, L29, L31, L32, L34, L35, L36, L36', and L37') were isolated from three groups (C60, E60, and F60) by ion exchange chromatography on carboxymethycellulose and by filtration through Sephadex. The amount of protein obtained varied from 0.3 to 25 mg. Nine of the proteins (L6, L8, L18, L27', L28, L29, L34, L36, and L36') had no detectable contamination: the impurities in the others were no greater than 9%. The molecular weight of the proteins was estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate; the amino acid composition was determined.

Characterization of polymeric solutions as injectable vehicles for hydroxyapatite microspheres.

PubMed

Oliveira, Serafim M; Almeida, Isabel F; Costa, Paulo C; Barrias, Cristina C; Ferreira, M Rosa Pena; Bahia, M Fernanda; Barbosa, Mário A

2010-06-01

A polymeric solution and a reinforcement phase can work as an injectable material to fill up bone defects. However, the properties of the solution should be suitable to enable the transport of that extra phase. Additionally, the use of biocompatible materials is a requirement for tissue regeneration. Thus, we intended to optimize a biocompatible polymeric solution able to carry hydroxyapatite microspheres into bone defects using an orthopedic injectable device. To achieve that goal, polymers usually regarded as biocompatible were selected, namely sodium carboxymethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and Na-alginate (ALG). The rheological properties of the polymeric solutions at different concentrations were assessed by viscosimetry before and after moist heat sterilization. In order to correlate rheological properties with injectability, solutions were tested using an orthopedic device applied for minimal invasive surgeries. Among the three polymers, ALG solutions presented the most suitable properties for our goal and a non-sterile ALG 6% solution was successfully used to perform preliminary injection tests of hydroxyapatite microspheres. Sterile ALG 7.25% solution was found to closely match non-sterile ALG 6% properties and it was selected as the optimal vehicle. Finally, sterile ALG 7.25% physical stability was studied at different temperatures over a 3-month period. It was observed that its rheological properties presented minor changes when stored at 25 degrees C or at 4 degrees C.

A blanching technique for intradermal injection of the hyaluronic acid Belotero.

PubMed

Micheels, Patrick; Sarazin, Didier; Besse, Stéphanie; Sundaram, Hema; Flynn, Timothy C

2013-10-01

With the proliferation of dermal fillers in the aesthetic workplace have come instructions from various manufacturers regarding dermal placement. Determination of injection needle location in the dermis has in large part been based on physician expertise, product and needle familiarity, and patient-specific skin characteristics. An understanding of the precise depth of dermal structures may help practitioners improve injection specificity. Unlike other dermal fillers that suggest intradermal and deep dermal injection planes, a new hyaluronic acid with a cohesive polydensified matrix may be more appropriate for the superficial dermis because of its structure and its high degree of integration into the dermis. To that end, the authors designed a small study to quantify the depth of the superficial dermis by means of ultrasound and histology. Using ultrasound resources, the authors determined the depths of the epidermis, the dermis, and the reticular dermis in the buttocks of six patients; the authors then extrapolated the depth of the superficial reticular dermis. Histologic studies of two of the patients showed full integration of the product in the reticular dermis. Following determination of injection depths and filler integration, the authors describe a technique ("blanching") for injection of the cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid into the superficial dermis. At this time, blanching is appropriate only for injection of the cohesive polydensified matrix hyaluronic acid known as Belotero Balance in the United States, although it may have applications for other hyaluronic acid products outside of the United States.

PRELIMINARY HIGH PERFORMANCE CAPILLARY ELECTROPHORESIS (HPCE) STUDIES OF ENZYMATIC DEGRADATION OF HYALURONIC ACID BY HYALURONIDASE IN THE PRESENCE OF POLYVALENT METAL IONS.

PubMed

Urbaniak, Bartosz; Plewa, Szymon; Kokot, Zenon Jozef

2017-01-01

The aim of this study was, at first, to examine the influence of metal ions on digestion process of hyaluronic acid by hyaluronidase (HAse) using high performance capillary electrophoresis (HPCE) method. The influence of copper(H), zinc(Il), manganese(II) ions on enzymatic degradation of HA by hyaluronidase enzyme (HA-se) were investigated. Secondly, the kinetic parameters, V(max), K(m), k(cat), and k (cat),/K(m) were determined to estimate the impact of these metal ions (Me) on digestion process of hyaluronic acid (HA). The two different HA-Me mole ratios were analyzed. The examined data were always compared to the digestion process of pure HA solution by hyaluronidase, to exhibit the differences in the digestion process of pure hyaluronan as well as the hyaluronan in the presence of metal ions. It was observed that all of the investigated metal ions have influenced the hyaluronic acid degradation process. The most important conclusion was a decrease of the kinetic parameters both K,, and V,. In the result, it can be assumed that in all of the studied samples with metal ions addition, the uncompetitive mechanism of enzyme inhibition occurred. The results of this study may give new insight into foregoing knowledge about hyaluronic acid behavior. Due to the fact that our study was carried out only for three different metal ions in two concentrations, it is necessary to continue further research comprising wider range of metal ions and their concentrations.

Single center experience with endoscopic subureteral dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection as first line treatment in 1,551 children with intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux.

PubMed

Puri, Prem; Kutasy, Balazs; Colhoun, Eric; Hunziker, Manuela

2012-10-01

In recent years the endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid has become an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and the surgical management of vesicoureteral reflux. We determined the safety and effectiveness of the endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid as first line treatment for high grade vesicoureteral reflux. Between 2001 and 2010, 1,551 children (496 male, 1,055 female, median age 1.6 years) underwent endoscopic correction of intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux using dextranomer/hyaluronic acid soon after the diagnosis of vesicoureteral reflux on initial voiding cystourethrogram. Vesicoureteral reflux was unilateral in 761 children and bilateral in 790. Renal scarring was detected in 369 (26.7%) of the 1,384 patients who underwent dimercapto-succinic acid imaging. Reflux grade in the 2,341 ureters was II in 98 (4.2%), III in 1,340 (57.3%), IV in 818 (34.9%) and V in 85 (3.6%). Followup ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram were performed 3 months after the outpatient procedure, and renal ultrasound was performed annually thereafter. Patients were followed for 3 months to 10 years (median 5.6 years). Vesicoureteral reflux resolved after the first, second and third endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in 2,039 (87.1%), 264 (11.3%) and 38 (1.6%) ureters, respectively. Febrile urinary tract infections developed during followup in 69 (4.6%) patients. None of the patients in the series needed reimplantation of ureters or experienced any significant complications. Our results confirm the safety and efficacy of the endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in the eradication of high grade vesicoureteral reflux. We recommend this 15-minute outpatient procedure as the first line of treatment for high grade vesicoureteral reflux. Copyright © 2012 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid endoscopic injection is effective in the treatment of intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux in patients with complete duplex systems.

PubMed

Hunziker, Manuela; Mohanan, Nochiparambil; Puri, Prem

2013-05-01

Endoscopic subureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid has become an established alternative to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis or surgical treatment for vesicoureteral reflux. We evaluated the effectiveness of endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux in patients with complete duplex collecting systems. A total of 123 children underwent endoscopic correction of intermediate or high grade vesicoureteral reflux using injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid into complete duplex systems between 2001 and 2010. Vesicoureteral reflux was diagnosed by voiding cystourethrogram, and dimercapto-succinic acid scan was performed to evaluate the presence of renal scarring. Followup ultrasound and voiding cystourethrogram were performed 3 months after the outpatient procedure and renal ultrasound thereafter every 2 years. Mean followup was 6.7 years. Complete duplex systems were unilateral in 110 patients and bilateral in 13. Reflux severity in the 136 refluxing units was grade II in 1 (0.7%), III in 52 (38.2%), IV in 61 (44.9%) and V in 22 (16.2%). Dimercapto-succinic acid scan revealed renal functional abnormalities in 63 children (51.2%). Vesicoureteral reflux resolved after the first endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in 93 ureters (68.4%), after a second injection in 35 (25.7%) and after a third injection in 8 (5.9%). Febrile urinary tract infection developed in 5 patients (4.1%) during followup. No patient required ureteral reimplantation or experienced significant complications. Our results confirm the safety and efficacy of endoscopic injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid in eradicating intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux in patients with complete duplex systems. We recommend this minimally invasive, 15-minute outpatient procedure as a viable option for treating intermediate and high grade vesicoureteral reflux in patients with complete duplex collecting systems. Copyright © 2013 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

APRI test and hyaluronic acid as non-invasive diagnostic tools for post HCV liver fibrosis: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

El Serafy, Magdy Amin; Kassem, Abdel Meguid; Omar, Heba; Mahfouz, Mohammad Shaaban; El Said El Raziky, Maissa

2017-06-01

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) accounts for a sizable proportion of chronic liver disease cases and represents the most common indication for liver transplantation. Precise diagnosis of hepatic fibrosis stage is considered a funnel-neck in proper management and follow-up of HCV-infected patients. Given the possible complications of liver biopsy, a non-invasive method for assessing hepatic fibrosis is needed. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of APRI and hyaluronic acid as non-invasive diagnostic assessment tools for post HCV liver fibrosis. Systematic literature searching identified studies performed on Egyptian territory to evaluate APRI and hyaluronic acid as non-invasive tests of fibrosis and using liver biopsy as the reference standard. Meta-analysis was performed for areas with an adequate number of publications. Validation of meta- analysis on APRI was done on a subset of 150 treatment-naïve post-hepatitis C patients. Both APRI and hyaluronic acid have superior predictive power for hepatic cirrhosis (F4) than for significant fibrosis (F2-F3). The pooled estimate for sensitivities and specificities of APRI and hyaluronic acid to diagnose F4 were (84% and 82%) and (83% and 89%) respectively. In the subgroup of treatment naïve post-hepatitis C patients, APRI had higher diagnostic performance to diagnose liver cirrhosis with 93.8% sensitivity and 72.4% specificity (AUC; 0.908, 95%CI; 0.851-0.965, p-value; <0.001) compared to its accuracy to diagnose significant hepatic fibrosis with 65.1% sensitivity and 77.8% (AUC; 0.685, 95% CI; 0.59-0.78, p-value; 0.001). APRI score and hyaluronic acid levels are simple and reliable non-invasive markers to detect advanced fibrosis among post-hepatitis C patients. Copyright © 2017 Pan-Arab Association of Gastroenterology. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of hyaluronan from different sources: Streptococcus zooepidemicus, rooster comb, bovine vitreous, and human umbilical cord.

PubMed

Shiedlin, Aviva; Bigelow, Russell; Christopher, William; Arbabi, Saman; Yang, Laura; Maier, Ronald V; Wainwright, Norman; Childs, Alice; Miller, Robert J

2004-01-01

Sodium hyaluronate (HA) is widely distributed in extracellular matrixes and can play a role in orchestrating cell function. Consequently, many investigators have looked at the effect of exogenous HA on cell behavior in vitro. HA can be isolated from several sources (e.g., bacterial, rooster comb, umbilical cord) and therefore can possess diverse impurities. This current study compares the measured impurities and the differences in biological activity between HA preparations from these sources. It was demonstrated that nucleic acid and protein content was highest in human umbilical cord and bovine vitreous HA and was low in bacterial and rooster comb HA. Macrophages exposed to human umbilical cord HA produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha relative to control or bacterial-derived HA. These results indicate that the source of HA should be considered due to differences in the amounts and types of contaminants that could lead to widely different behaviors in vitro and in vivo.

A water-responsive shape memory ionomer with permanent shape reconfiguration ability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bai, Yongkang; Zhang, Jiwen; Tian, Ran; Chen, Xin

2018-04-01

In this work, a water-responsive shape memory ionomer with high toughness was fabricated by cross-linking hyaluronic acid sodium (HAS) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) through coordination interactions. The strong Fe3+-carboxyl (from HAS) coordination interactions served as main physical cross-linking points for the performance of water-responsive shape memory, which associated with the flexibility of PVA chain producing excellent mechanical properties of this ionomer. The optimized ionomer was not only able to recover to its original shape within just 22 s by exposing to water, but exhibited high tensile strength up to 35.4 MPa and 4 times higher tractility than the ionomer without PVA. Moreover, the ionomers can be repeatedly programed to various new permanent shapes on demand due to the reversible physical interactions, which still performed complete and fast geometric recovery under stimuli even after 4 cycles of reprograming with 3 different shapes. The excellent shape memory and strong mechanical behaviors make our ionomers significant and promising smart materials for variety of applications.

Antioxidative activity, moisture retention, film formation, and viscosity stability of Auricularia fuscosuccinea, white strain water extract.

PubMed

Liao, Wayne C; Hsueh, Chiu-Yen; Chan, Chin-Feng

2014-01-01

This study showed that both water extracts (WAF-W) and ethanol extracts (EAF-W) of Auricularia fuscosuccinea (Montagne) Farlow, white strain (AF-W) demonstrated significantly stronger antioxidative effects than did commercially available Tremella fuciformis sporocarp extracts (WSK; with the exception of EAF-W in terms of superoxide radical scavenging activity levels). The moisture retention capacity of WAF-W is as potent as that of sodium hyaluronate (SHA), but less than that of WSK. No corrugation or fissures were observed in WAF-W film; only the SHA and WSK films demonstrated such effects in low-moisture conditions. The WAF-W solution also exhibited stable viscosity at high temperatures, indicating that the WAF-W film was more stable compared with the SHA and WSK films. WAF-W induced no adverse effects when a hen's egg test was performed on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM). This study demonstrated that WAF-W exhibits excellent potential as a topical material for skin moisturizing and anti-aging effects.

Changing trends in the treatment of dry-eye disease.

PubMed

Dogru, Murat; Nakamura, Masatsugu; Shimazaki, Jun; Tsubota, Kazuo

2013-12-01

Dry eye is a visually disabling disease encountered in many countries with a wide variation of treatment practices all over the world. On that front, the 2007 Report of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (DEWS) reviewed the current knowledge on all aspects of dry-eye disease (DED), in an evidence-based manner, and outlined the trends and recommendations in the treatment of DED on the basis of disease severity. This review mainly focuses on treatments for DED based on severity as recommended in the DEWS report, particularly artificial eye drops, hyaluronate sodium eye drops, autologous serum, anti-inflammatory eye drops including cyclosporine and steroids, and mucin secretagogues. New dry-eye treatment modalities in current trials outlined on the clinicaltrial.gov site are also outlined. Further investigations into the mechanism of action of the new mucin and tear secretagogues which have been suggested to have anti-inflammatory properties will enrich our understanding in relation to relevant ocular surface responses after treatment with these new agents.

Severe Acute Local Reactions to a Hyaluronic Acid-derived Dermal Filler

PubMed Central

Hays, Geoffrey P.; Caglia, Anthony E.; Caglia, Michael

2010-01-01

Injectable fillers are normally well tolerated by patients with little or no adverse effects. The most common side effects include swelling, redness, bruising, and pain at the injection site. This report describes three cases in which patients injected with a hyaluronic acid-derived injectable filler that is premixed with lidocaine developed adverse reactions including persistent swelling, pain, and nodule formation. Two of the three patients' abscesses were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and mycobacterium. All three cultures were negative. Abscess persistence in all cases necessitated physical removal and/or enzymatic degradation with hyaluronidase. The effects subsided only after the product had been removed. Two of these patients were subsequently treated with other hyaluronic acid-derived dermal fillers without adverse events. PMID:20725567

THE EFFECT OF METHANOL USED AS VEHICULUM ON SERUM PHENACETIN CONCENTRATION IN THE RAT.

PubMed

Lukasik, Marcin; Malkowska, Anna; Bamburowicz-Klimkowska, Magdalena; Polak, Piotr; Szutowski, Miroslaw M

2016-09-01

The xenobiotic absorption process is dependent on many factors, related both to the substance and form of its administration. During administration of small amounts of drugs, the effect of vehiculum on drug fate in the body becomes also evident. The intensity of absorption depends on numerous factors not necessarily related to the substance and its formulation, and also on biotransformation and active transport processes. Additional problem is the fact that many medicines are lipophilic compounds and insoluble in the water (e.g. phenacetin). Methanol and its aqueous solutions facilitate administration to the experimental animals, in the dissolved form of a number of medicines practically insoluble in water. Taking into consideration that methanol is particularly for rats, of low toxicity, it is quite frequently applied as vehiculum. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential interactions that may occur during the use of methanol as vehiculum and compare changes when were used solution 1% of carboxymethylcellulose. The study was performed on male Wistar rats. The tests were performed using phenacetin, which is recognized as biomarker of CYP 2E 1 isoform activity. Phenacetin was given per os in a single dose of 100 mg/kg b. w. Various procedures of phenacetin administration were tested, including solubilization in methanol or suspension in 1% water solution of carboxymethylcellulose. The results of this study show that methanol influences the phenacetin bioavailability and kinetics. Comparing the administration of this drug in methanol solutions against 1% of carboxymethylcellulose, it is in the case of phenacetin triple increase in AUC0-4 h. The presence of methanol affects the shape of kinetic curves of phenacetin causing higher their course until 4 hours after administration.

Recent trends in the surgical management of primary vesicoureteral reflux in the era of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid.

PubMed

Herbst, Katherine W; Corbett, Sean T; Lendvay, Thomas S; Caldamone, Anthony A

2014-05-01

Since its inception as a technology in the United States, endoscopic correction of vesicoureteral reflux has become a popular treatment option in children with vesicoureteral reflux with reported wide use. We determined whether the increasing trend in use in the United States after the introduction of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid has been sustained. We abstracted data on pediatric patients treated with ureteral reimplantation or dextranomer/hyaluronic acid intervention for vesicoureteral reflux from 2004 to 2011 from the PHIS (Pediatric Health Information System) database. Patients with coding data indicating diagnoses other than primary vesicoureteral reflux and hospitals reporting less than 80% of ambulatory surgery cases by CPT code were excluded from study. We identified 14,430 patients (17,826 procedures), of whom 49% underwent reimplantation and 51% underwent dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection. Of the patients 83% were female with a median age at surgery of 4.7 years (IQR 2.5-7.2). Linear regression showed a significant downward trend in the average total number of antireflux operations per institution during the study period. This was attributable to a decrease in the average rate of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid interventions because the average reimplantation rate remained stable during this time. At freestanding pediatric hospitals enrolled in the PHIS database there is a trend toward decreasing intervention for primary vesicoureteral reflux, which appears to be due to decreased use of injection therapy. This may reflect a philosophical change in reflux management by injection therapy. Copyright © 2014 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Preliminary study of efficacy of hyaluronic acid on caustic esophageal burns in an experimental rat model.

PubMed

Cevik, Muazez; Demir, Tuncer; Karadag, Cetin Ali; Ketani, Muzaffer Aydin; Celik, Hakim; Kaplan, Davut Sinan; Boleken, Mehmet Emin

2013-04-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid on the prevention of esophageal damage and stricture formation after experimental caustic (alkaline) esophageal injury in rats. Twenty-one Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into three groups. A caustic esophageal burn was created following the Gehanno model: Group l (n=7) underwent operation, but no injury; Group 2 (n=7) was injured and left untreated; and Group 3 (n=7) was injured and treated with hyaluronic acid, first topically and then orally by gavage (2×0.3mL; 12.5mg/mL for 7days). The caustic esophageal burn was created by instilling 25% NaOH into the distal esophagus. All rats were euthanized on day 22 for evaluation. The efficacy of hyaluronic acid treatment was assessed histopathologically and biochemically via blood determination of the total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative stress index (OSI), and sulfhydryl group (SH) and lipid hydroperoxidase (LOOH) levels. Statistical analyses were performed. Weight gain was significantly lower in Group 2 than in the other two groups (P<0.05). The mean stenosis index, histopathologic damage score, TAS, TOS, OSI, and SH and LOOH levels were higher in Group 2 than in the other two groups. The mean stenosis index, inflammation, TAS, SH and OSI in Group 2 were significantly different than those in the other two groups (P<0.05). Hyaluronic acid treatment is effective in treating damage and preventing strictures after caustic esophageal burn in rats. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Hyaluronic acid in knee osteoarthritis: preliminary results using a four months administration schedule.

PubMed

Abate, Michele; Vanni, Daniele; Pantalone, Andrea; Salini, Vincenzo

2017-02-01

To evaluate the therapeutic trajectory of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid at high concentration (2%) performed at 4-month intervals. Subjects with knee osteoarthritis received, after a weekly injection of 32 mg/2 mL hyaluronic acid for 3 weeks, a single injection of 50 mg/2.5 mL hyaluronic acid (not cross-linked, molecular weight 800-1200 kDa) at 4-month interval (4, 8 and 12 months). Clinical assessment (visual analogic scale [VAS] for pain at rest and during activities, Lequesne Index [LI], Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and monthly non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug consumption) was performed at baseline, and after 1, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 14 months. In the 15 knees treated, pain decreased (baseline vs. 14 months: VAS at rest, 3.7 ± 1.7 vs. 1 ± 0.7 [P < 0.000]; VAS activities, 6.2 ± 1.7 vs. 2.6 ± 1.3 [P < 0.000]) and function improved (baseline vs. 14 months: KOOS, 51.9 ± 15.3 vs. 70.2 ± 13.7 [P < 0.000]; LI, 10 ± 3.8 vs. 5.4 ± 2.4 [P < 0.000]) significantly. This schedule provides persistent positive results in terms of reduced pain and improved function, optimizing the protective properties of the hyaluronic acid used. © 2015 Asia Pacific League of Associations for Rheumatology and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Peritoneal Macrophage-Specific TNF-α Gene Silencing in LPS-Induced Acute Inflammation Model Using CD44 Targeting Hyaluronic Acid Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Kosovrasti, Verbena Y; Nechev, Lubomir V; Amiji, Mansoor M

2016-10-03

The main goal of this study was to evaluate tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) gene silencing in peritoneal macrophages upon activation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), using CD44-targeting hyaluronic acid (HA)-based nanoparticles encapsulating TNF-α-specific small interfering RNA (siTNF-α). HA nanoparticles were formulated by blending hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene imine) (HA-PEI), hyaluronic acid-hexyl fatty acid (HA-C6), and hyaluronic acid-poly(ethylene glycol) (HA-PEG) in 3:2:1 weight ratio, and encapsulating siTNF-α to form spherical particles of 78-90 nm diameter. Following intraperitoneal (IP) administration in LPS-treated C57BL/6 mice, the nanoparticles were actively taken up by macrophages and led to a significant downregulation of peritoneal TNF-α level. Downregulation of peritoneal macrophage-specific TNF-α also had a significant impact on other pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels in the serum. The C57BL/6 group of mice challenged with 5 mg/kg LPS had a significantly higher survival rate when they were treated with 3 mg/kg siTNF-α, either prior or simultaneously with the LPS administration, as compared to the LPS-challenged mice, which were treated with controls including the scrambled siRNA formulation. Overall, the results of this study demonstrate that CD44 targeting HA nanoparticles can selectively deliver siTNF-α to peritoneal macrophages leading to downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the peritoneal fluid and in the serum. This RNAi strategy could potentially provide an important therapeutic modality for acute inflammatory diseases, such as septic shock.

Development and characterization of crosslinked hyaluronic acid polymeric films for use in coating processes.

PubMed

Sgorla, Débora; Almeida, Andreia; Azevedo, Claudia; Bunhak, Ÿlcio Jose; Sarmento, Bruno; Cavalcanti, Osvaldo Albuquerque

2016-09-10

The aim of this work was to develop and characterize new hyaluronic acid-based responsive materials for film coating of solid dosage forms. Crosslinking of hyaluronic acid with trisodium trimetaphosphate was performed under controlled alkaline aqueous environment. The films were produced through casting process by mixing crosslinked or bare biopolymer in aqueous dispersion of ethylcellulose, at different proportions. Films were further characterized regarding morphology by scanning electron microscopy, robustness by permeation to water vapor transmission, and ability to hydrate in simulated gastric and intestinal physiological fluids. The safety and biocompatibility of films were assessed against Caco-2 and HT29-MTX intestinal cells. The permeation to water vapor transmission was favored by increasing hyaluronic acid content in the final formulation. When in simulated gastric fluid, films exhibited lower hydration ability compared to more extensive hydration in simulated intestinal fluids. Simultaneously, in simulated intestinal fluids, films partially lost weight, revealing ability for preventing drug release at gastric pH, but tailoring the release at higher intestinal pH. The physiochemical characterization suggests thermal stability of films and physical interaction between compounds of formulation. Lastly, cytotoxicity tests demonstrated that films and individual components of the formulations, when incubated for 4h, were safe for intestinal cells Overall, these evidences suggest that hyaluronic acid-based responsive films, applied as coating material of oral solid dosage forms, can prevent the premature release of drugs in harsh stomach conditions, but control the release it in gastrointestinal tract distal portion, assuring safety to intestinal mucosa. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh cut mango quality in storage

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Edible coatings prevent moisture loss and may decrease gas exchange, thereby retaining moisture and flavor of fresh-cut fruit. Previous experiments showed that carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) with added maltodextrin maintained visual quality of stored mango slices also treated with calcium ascorbate an...

75 FR 60084 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose from Mexico: Preliminary Results of the First Five-year (“Sunset...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-29

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration A-201-834 Purified... Order AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. SUMMARY: On June 2, 2010, the Department of Commerce (the Department) initiated sunset reviews of the...

Development of Biopolymer Composite Films Using a Microfluidization Technique for Carboxymethylcellulose and Apple Skin Particles

PubMed Central

Choi, Inyoung; Chang, Yoonjee; Shin, So-Hyang; Joo, Eunmi; Song, Hyun Ju; Eom, Haeyoung; Han, Jaejoon

2017-01-01

Biopolymer films based on apple skin powder (ASP) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were developed with the addition of apple skin extract (ASE) and tartaric acid (TA). ASP/CMC composite films were prepared by mixing CMC with ASP solution using a microfluidization technique to reduce particle size. Then, various concentrations of ASE and TA were incorporated into the film solution as an antioxidant and an antimicrobial agent, respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), optical, mechanical, water barrier, and solubility properties of the developed films were then evaluated to determine the effects of ASE and TA on physicochemical properties. The films were also analyzed for antioxidant effect on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and antimicrobial activities against Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica, and Shigella flexneri. From the results, the ASP/CMC film containing ASE and TA was revealed to enhance the mechanical, water barrier, and solubility properties. Moreover, it showed the additional antioxidant and antimicrobial properties for application as an active packaging film. PMID:28617325

Synthesis and Characterization of Carboxymethylcellulose-Methacrylate Hydrogel Cell Scaffolds

PubMed Central

Reeves, Robert; Ribeiro, Andreia; Lombardo, Leonard; Boyer, Richard; Leach, Jennie B.

2012-01-01

Many carbohydrates pose advantages for tissue engineering applications due to their hydrophilicity, degradability, and availability of chemical groups for modification. For example, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is a water-soluble cellulose derivative that is degradable by cellulase. Though this enzyme is not synthesized by mammalian cells, cellulase and the fragments derived from CMC degradation are biocompatible. With this in mind, we created biocompatible, selectively degradable CMC-based hydrogels that are stable in routine culture, but degrade when exposed to exogenous cellulase. Solutions of CMC-methacrylate and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate (PEG-DM) were co-crosslinked to form stable hydrogels; we found that greater CMC-methacrylate content resulted in increased gel swelling, protein diffusion and rates of degradation by cellulase, as well as decreased gel shear modulus. CMC-methacrylate/PEG-DM gels modified with the adhesive peptide RGD supported fibroblast adhesion and viability. We conclude that hydrogels based on CMC-methacrylate are suitable for bioengineering applications where selective degradability may be favorable, such as cell scaffolds or controlled release devices. PMID:22708058

Alteration of in vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose derivatives.

PubMed

Haigler, C H; White, A R; Brown, R M; Cooper, K M

1982-07-01

In vivo cellulose ribbon assembly by the Gram-negative bacterium Acetobacter xylinum can be altered by incubation in carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), a negatively charged water-soluble cellulose derivative, and also by incubation in a variety of neutral, water-soluble cellulose derivatives. In the presence of all of these substituted celluloses, normal fasciation of microfibril bundles to form the typical twisting ribbon is prevented. Alteration of ribbon assembly is most extensive in the presence of CMC, which often induces synthesis of separate, intertwining bundles of microfibrils. Freeze-etch preparations of the bacterial outer membrane suggest that particles that are thought to be associated with cellulose synthesis or extrusion may be specifically organized to mediate synthesis of microfibril bundles. These data support the previous hypothesis that the cellulose ribbon of A. xylinum is formed by a hierarchical, cell-directed, self-assembly process. The relationship of these results to the regulation of cellulose microfibril size and wall extensibility in plant cell walls is discussed.

Interferon induction by and toxicity of polyriboinosinic acid [poly(rI)].polyribocytidylic acid [poly (rC)], mismatched analog poly (rI).poly[r(C12Uracil)n], and poly(rI).poly(rC) L-lysine complexed with carboxymethylcellulose.

PubMed Central

Stringfellow, D A; Weed, S D

1980-01-01

The ability of polyriboinosionic acid [poly(rI)].polyribocytidylic acid [poly(rC)], mismatched analog poly (rI).poly[r(C12Uracil)n], and poly(rI).poly(rC) complexed with poly L-lysine and carboxymethylcellulose [poly(ICLc)] to induce interferon and the comparative toxicity of each in cats were evaluated. Each induced high levels of circulating interferon, although poly(ICLC) injected intravenously at 1 to 4 mg/kg induced up to 10 times more interferon than the other compounds. Each compound was pyrogenic and caused a transient decrease in leukocyte numbers. Poly(rI).poly(rC) and the mismatched analog caused severe diarrhea and nausea at the highest drug concentrations (1 to 4 mg/kg), but poly (ICLC) did not. Each compound also caused depression and lethargy and impaired coordination. PMID:6157363

Removal of uranium (VI) from aqueous systems by nanoscale zero-valent iron particles suspended in carboxy-methyl cellulose

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popescu (Hoştuc), Ioana-Carmen; Filip, Petru; Humelnicu, Doina; Humelnicu, Ionel; Scott, Thomas Bligh; Crane, Richard Andrew

2013-11-01

Carboxy-methyl-cellulose (CMC), a common "delivery vehicle" for the subsurface deployment of iron nanoparticles (INP) has been tested in the current work for the removal of aqueous uranium from synthetic water samples. A comparison of the removal of aqueous uranium from solutions using carboxy-methyl-cellulose with and without iron nanoparticles (CMC-INP and CMC, respectively) was tested over a 48 h reaction period. Analysis of liquid samples using spectrophotometry determined a maximum sorption capacity of uranium, Qmax, of 185.18 mg/g and 322.58 mg/g for CMC and CMC-INP respectively, providing strong evidence of an independent aqueous uranium removal ability exhibited by CMC. The results point out that CMC provides an additional capacity for aqueous uranium removal. Further tests are required to determine whether similar behaviour will be observed for other aqueous contaminant species and if the presence of CMC within a INP slurry inhibits or aids the reactivity, reductive capacity and affinity of INP for aqueous contaminant removal.

Temperature and magnetic field responsive hyaluronic acid particles with tunable physical and chemical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ekici, Sema; Ilgin, Pinar; Yilmaz, Selahattin; Aktas, Nahit; Sahiner, Nurettin

2011-01-01

We report the preparation and characterization of thiolated-temperature-responsive hyaluronic acid-cysteamine-N-isopropyl acrylamide (HA-CYs-NIPAm) particles and thiolated-magnetic-responsive hyaluronic acid (HA-Fe-CYs) particles. Linear hyaluronic acid (HA) crosslinked with divinyl sulfone as HA particles was prepared using a water-in-oil micro emulsion system which were then oxidized HA-O with NaIO4 to develop aldehyde groups on the particle surface. HA-O hydrogel particles were then reacted with cysteamine (CYs) which interacted with aldehydes on the HA surface to form HA particles with cysteamine (HA-CYs) functionality on the surface. HA-CYs particles were further exposed to radical polymerization with NIPAm to obtain temperature responsive HA-CYs-NIPAm hydrogel particles. To acquire magnetic field responsive HA composites, magnetic iron particles were included in HA to form HA-Fe during HA particle preparation. HA-Fe hydrogel particles were also chemically modified. The prepared HA-CYs-NIPAm demonstrated temperature dependent size variations and phase transition temperature. HA-CYs-NIPAm and HA-Fe-CYs particles can be used as drug delivery vehicles. Sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), an antibacterial drug, was used as a model drug for temperature-induced release studies from these particles.

Group A Streptococcus tissue invasion by CD44-mediated cell signalling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cywes, Colette; Wessels, Michael R.

2001-12-01

Streptococcus pyogenes (also known as group A Streptococcus, GAS), the agent of streptococcal sore throat and invasive soft-tissue infections, attaches to human pharyngeal or skin epithelial cells through specific recognition of its hyaluronic acid capsular polysaccharide by the hyaluronic-acid-binding protein CD44 (refs 1, 2). Because ligation of CD44 by hyaluronic acid can induce epithelial cell movement on extracellular matrix, we investigated whether molecular mimicry by the GAS hyaluronic acid capsule might induce similar cellular responses. Here we show that CD44-dependent GAS binding to polarized monolayers of human keratinocytes induced marked cytoskeletal rearrangements manifested by membrane ruffling and disruption of intercellular junctions. Transduction of the signal induced by GAS binding to CD44 on the keratinocyte surface involved Rac1 and the cytoskeleton linker protein ezrin, as well as tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular proteins. Studies of bacterial translocation in two models of human skin indicated that cell signalling triggered by interaction of the GAS capsule with CD44 opened intercellular junctions and promoted tissue penetration by GAS through a paracellular route. These results support a model of host cytoskeleton manipulation and tissue invasion by an extracellular bacterial pathogen.

Hyaluronic Acid (HA) Scaffolds and Multipotent Stromal Cells (MSCs) in Regenerative Medicine.

PubMed

Prè, Elena Dai; Conti, Giamaica; Sbarbati, Andrea

2016-12-01

Traditional methods for tissue regeneration commonly used synthetic scaffolds to regenerate human tissues. However, they had several limitations, such as foreign body reactions and short time duration. In order to overcome these problems, scaffolds made of natural polymers are preferred. One of the most suitable and widely used materials to fabricate these scaffolds is hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid is the primary component of the extracellular matrix of the human connective tissue. It is an ideal material for scaffolds used in tissue regeneration, thanks to its properties of biocompatibility, ease of chemical functionalization and degradability. In the last few years, especially from 2010, scientists have seen that the cell-based engineering of these natural scaffolds allows obtaining even better results in terms of tissue regeneration and the research started to grow in this direction. Multipotent stromal cells, also known as mesenchymal stem cells, plastic-adherent cells isolated from bone marrow and other mesenchymal tissues, with self-renew and multi-potency properties are ideal candidates for this aim. Normally, they are pre-seeded onto these scaffolds before their implantation in vivo. This review discusses the use of hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds together with multipotent stromal cells, as a very promising tool in regenerative medicine.

Inhibition of hyaluronic acid formation sensitizes chronic myelogenous leukemia to treatment with doxorubicin.

PubMed

Uchakina, Olga N; Ban, Hao; Hostetler, Bryan J; McKallip, Robert J

2016-11-01

In the current study we examined the ability of 4-methylumbelliferone (4-MU), which can inhibit hyaluronic acid synthesis, to sensitize K562 chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) cells to doxorubicin therapy. Exposure of K562 cells to doxorubicin led to increased hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS) gene expression and increased levels of cell surface hyaluronic acid. Furthermore, exposure of K562 cells to exogenous HA caused resistance to doxorubicin-induced cell death. The combination of low dose 4-MU and doxorubicin led to increased apoptosis when compared to higher doses of any agent alone. Additionally, treatment with 4-MU led to a significant reduction in doxorubicin-induced increase in HA cell surface expression. Mechanistically, 4-MU treatment led to an increase in p38 activation and PARP cleavage. The role of p38 in 4-MU/doxorubicin-treated K562 cells was confirmed when p38 inhibitors led to protection from 4-MU/doxorubicin-induced apoptosis. Together, results from this study suggest that treatment with 4-MU increases the sensitivity of CML to chemotherapeutics by decreasing their HA-mediated resistance to apoptosis. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Using Hyaluronic Acid for Improving Vocal Function in a Prepubescent Boy With an Atrophied Right Vocal Fold.

PubMed

Cohen, Wendy; Wynne, David McGregor

2015-07-01

A single case study is reported of a child who underwent several surgical procedures as result of congenital grade III subglottic stenosis. The anterior aspect of the right vocal cord was damaged and underwent atrophy during one of these procedures. Now, an active 10-year-old, the patient has become increasingly aware of his vocal limitations on functional activities. Injection of hyaluronic acid into the vocal folds has been known to provide improved voice quality in adults although there are no known cases reported of this procedure in children. This article reports voice outcomes after injection of hyaluronic acid into the Reinke's space in a single case study. Voice recordings were made before, after, and 1 month after injection. The voice recordings were subject to acoustic and perceptual analysis. Post and follow-up voice recordings demonstrate decreased jitter, shimmer, and harmonics-to-noise ratio. Perceptual evaluation indicates improved voice quality. Injection of hyaluronic acid in children who require voice augmentation is possible and may contribute to increased vocal function and improved voice outcomes. Copyright © 2015 The Voice Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Engineering S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus towards concurrent production of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin biopolymers of biomedical interest.

PubMed

Cimini, Donatella; Iacono, Ileana Dello; Carlino, Elisabetta; Finamore, Rosario; Restaino, Odile F; Diana, Paola; Bedini, Emiliano; Schiraldi, Chiara

2017-12-01

Glycosaminoglycans, such as hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulphate, are not only more and more required as main ingredients in cosmeceutical and nutraceutical preparations, but also as active principles in medical devices and pharmaceutical products. However, while biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid is industrially established through fermentation of Streptococcus spp. and recently Bacillus subtilis, biotechnological chondroitin is not yet on the market. A non-hemolytic and hyaluronidase negative S. equi subsp. zooepidemicus mutant strain was engineered in this work by the addition of two E. coli K4 genes, namely kfoA and kfoC, involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin-like polysaccharide. Chondroitin is the precursor of chondroitin sulphate, a nutraceutical present on the market as anti-arthritic drug, that is lately being studied for its intrinsic bioactivity. In small scale bioreactor batch experiments the production of about 1.46 ± 0.38 g/L hyaluronic acid and 300 ± 28 mg/L of chondroitin with an average molecular weight of 1750 and 25 kDa, respectively, was demonstrated, providing an approach to the concurrent production of both biopolymers in a single fermentation.

Host cell recruitment patterns by bone morphogenetic protein-2 releasing hyaluronic acid hydrogels in a mouse subcutaneous environment.

PubMed

Todeschi, Maria R; El Backly, Rania M; Varghese, Oommen P; Hilborn, Jöns; Cancedda, Ranieri; Mastrogiacomo, Maddalena

2017-07-01

This study aimed to identify host cell recruitment patterns in a mouse model in response to rhBMP-2 releasing hyaluronic acid hydrogels and influence of added nano-hydroxyapatite particles on rhBMP-2 release and pattern of bone formation. Implanted gels were retrieved after implantation and cells were enzymatically dissociated for flow cytometric analysis. Percentages of macrophages, progenitor endothelial cells and putative mesenchymal stem cells were measured. Implants were evaluated for BMP-2 release by ELISA and by histology to monitor tissue formation. Hyaluronic acid+BMP-2 gels influenced the inflammatory response in the bone healing microenvironment. Host-derived putative mesenchymal stem cells were major contributors. Addition of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles modified the release pattern of rhBMP-2, resulting in enhanced bone formation.

Highly efficient production of hyaluronic acid by Streptococcus zooepidemicus R42 derived from heterologous expression of bacterial haemoglobin and mutant selection.

PubMed

Lu, J F; Zhu, Y; Sun, H L; Liang, S; Leng, F F; Li, H Y

2016-04-01

During Streptococcus zooepidemicus fermentation, most carbon sources are used to synthesize lactic acid, which can inhibit strain growth and hyaluronic acid production. Here, we expressed bacterial haemoglobin (Vhb) in Strep. zooepidemicus. Due to highly efficient oxygen use, only 15·26 g l(-1) lactic acid was produced, which is 0·73 times the quantity produced by the control strain. Compared with the control strain (1·61 g l(-1) ), hyaluronic acid (HA) production in this strain did not substantially increase, only to 2·16 g l(-1) . Next, we used a series of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (NTG) treatments and selection programmes. Finally, we generated a hyaluronidase-negative and rifampin-resistant mutant strain that produces high levels of HA. The optimum carbon concentration for maximum hyaluronic acid production is only 30 g l(-1) of sucrose, which is lower than the control strain (60 g l(-1) ). The oxygen transfer rate coefficient KL a increased significantly to 372 ± 53 h(-1) from 18 ± 4 h(-1) of the control. The optimum carbon source for this strain is 21 g l(-1) of sucrose, 9 g l(-1) of maltose and 5 g l(-1) of glutamic acid. Hyaluronic acid accumulated at 6·7 g l(-1) in the culture broth. However, the molecular weight of HA decreased from 1835 KDa (Control) to 429 kDa. The prepared low-molecular weight HA could function as potential antiangiogenic substances, antiviral and antitumour agents to possibly be used as functional food ingredients. Hyaluronic acid (HA) has been used for a wide range of applications in health, cosmetic and clinical fields. During fermentation of Streptococcus to produce HA, 80-85% of the carbon source is used to produce lactic acid and acetic acid, and only approx. 5 and 10% of the carbon source is used to produce HA and biomass respectively. Here, we expressed bacteria haemoglobin (Vhb) in Streptococcus zooepidemicus, which can dramatically inhibit lactic acid production. After NTG treatments and selection programmes, we identified a mutant strain with highly efficient hyaluronic acid production (6·7 g l(-1) ) under economic fermentation conditions. © 2016 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Fluorescence lifetime imaging with time-gated detection of hyaluronidase using a long lifetime azadioxatriangulenium (ADOTA) fluorophore

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chib, Rahul; Requena, Sebastian; Mummert, Mark; Strzhemechny, Yuri M.; Gryczynski, Ignacy; Borejdo, Julian; Gryczynski, Zygmunt; Fudala, Rafal

2016-12-01

A fluorescence lifetime imaging probe with a long lifetime was used in combination with time-gating for the detection of hyaluronidase using hyaluronic acid as the probe template. This probe was developed by heavily labeling hyaluronic acid with long lifetime azadioxatriangulenium fluorophores (ADOTA). We used this probe to image hyaluronidase produced by DU-145 prostate cancer cells.

Impact of Clinical Practice Guidelines on Use of Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid and Corticosteroid Injections for Knee Osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Bedard, Nicholas A; DeMik, David E; Glass, Natalie A; Burnett, Robert A; Bozic, Kevin J; Callaghan, John J

2018-05-16

The efficacy of corticosteroid and hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis has been questioned. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) clinical practice guidelines on the use of these injections in the United States and determine if utilization differed by provider specialty. Patients with knee osteoarthritis were identified within the Humana database from 2007 to 2015, and the percentage of patients receiving a knee injection relative to the number of patients having an encounter for knee osteoarthritis was calculated and was trended for the study period. The impact of each edition of the AAOS clinical practice guidelines on injection use was evaluated with segmented regression analysis. Injection trends were also analyzed relative to the specialty of the provider performing the injection. Of 1,065,175 patients with knee osteoarthritis, 405,101 (38.0%) received a corticosteroid injection and 137,005 (12.9%) received a hyaluronic acid injection. The rate of increase in hyaluronic acid use, per 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis, decreased from 0.15 to 0.07 injection per quarter year (p = 0.02) after the first clinical practice guideline, and the increase changed to a decrease at a rate of -0.12 injection per quarter (p < 0.001) after the second clinical practice guideline. After the first clinical practice guideline, the rate of increase in utilization of corticosteroids, per 100 patients with knee osteoarthritis, significantly lessened to 0.12 injection per quarter (p < 0.001), and after the second clinical practice guideline, corticosteroid injection use plateaued (p = 0.72). The trend in use of hyaluronic acid injections by orthopaedic surgeons and pain specialists decreased with time following the second-edition clinical practice guideline but did not change for primary care physicians or nonoperative musculoskeletal providers. Subtle but significant changes in hyaluronic acid and corticosteroid injections occurred following the publication of both clinical practice guidelines. Although the clinical practice guidelines did impact injection use, given the high costs of these injections and their questionable clinical efficacy, further interventions beyond publishing clinical practice guidelines are needed to encourage higher-value care for patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Hyaluron Filler Containing Lidocaine on a CPM Basis for Lip Augmentation: Reports from Practical Experience.

PubMed

Fischer, Tanja C; Sattler, Gerhard; Gauglitz, Gerd G

2016-06-01

Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers is established. As monophasic polydensified hyaluronic acid products with variable density, CPM-HAL1 (Belotero Balance Lidocaine, Merz Aesthetics, Raleigh, NC) and CPM-HAL2 (Belotero Intense Lidocaine, Merz Aesthetics, Raleigh, NC) are qualified for beautification and particularly natural-looking rejuvenation, respectively. The aim of this article was to assess the handling and outcome of lip augmentation using the lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid fillers, CPM-HAL1 and CPM-HAL2. Data were documented from patients who received lip augmentation by means of beautification and/or rejuvenation using CPM-HAL1 and/or CPM-HAL2. Observation period was 4 months, with assessment of natural outcome, evenness, distribution, fluidity, handling, malleability, tolerability, as well as patient satisfaction and pain. A total of 146 patients from 21 German centers participated. Physicians rated natural outcome and evenness as good or very good for more than 95% of patients. Distribution, fluidity, handling, and malleability were assessed for both fillers as good or very good in more than 91% of patients. At every evaluation point, more than 93% of patients were very or very much satisfied with the product. A total of 125 patients (85.6%) experienced transient injection-related side effects. Pain intensity during the procedure was mild (2.72 ± 1.72 on the 0-10 pain assessment scale) and abated markedly within 30 minutes (0.42 ± 0.57). Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers produced a long-term cosmetic result. Due to the lidocaine content, procedural pain was low and transient. Accordingly, a high degree of patient satisfaction was achieved that was maintained throughout the observation period. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Prospective study of polydimethylsiloxane vs dextranomer/hyaluronic acid injection for treatment of vesicoureteral reflux.

PubMed

Moore, Katherine; Bolduc, Stéphane

2014-12-01

Endoscopic injection of a bulking agent is becoming a first-line treatment for low grade vesicoureteral reflux. We prospectively compared the efficacy of 2 such products commercially available in Canada. A total of 275 patients with documented grade I to V vesicoureteral reflux were prospectively enrolled in a comparative study between April 2005 and February 2011 to be randomly treated endoscopically with either polydimethylsiloxane (Macroplastique®) or dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (Deflux®). Of the ureters 202 were treated with polydimethylsiloxane and 197 with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer. Patients were followed with voiding cystourethrography at 3 months and renal ultrasonography at 3 months and at 1 year. Median followup was 4.3 years. The primary outcome was surgical success (resolution vs nonresolution), and secondary outcomes included occurrence of adverse events. Vesicoureteral reflux was fully corrected in 182 of 202 ureters (90%) treated with polydimethylsiloxane, compared to 159 of 197 (81%) treated with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer (p <0.05). Obstruction was found in 5 ureters. Univariate and multivariate analyses did not allow identification of any characteristics that could explain the significant difference in the success rates except for the type of product used. We present the largest known prospective evaluation comparing 2 bulking agents for the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux. Endoscopic injection of polydimethylsiloxane resulted in a better success rate than dextranomer/hyaluronic acid copolymer. The rate of resolution obtained with the latter is lower than those previously published due to the inclusion of high grade reflux. Copyright © 2014 American Urological Association Education and Research, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical comparison of oral administration and viscosupplementation of hyaluronic acid (HA) in early knee osteoarthritis.

PubMed

Ricci, M; Micheloni, G M; Berti, M; Perusi, F; Sambugaro, E; Vecchini, E; Magnan, B

2017-04-01

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive, chronic and degenerative joint disease characterized by a loss of articular cartilage. Treatment of OA is largely palliative based on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, opioids and injections of steroids. Regarding conservative treatment, intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid (HA) can play a role in early symptomatic knee OA. Between August 2015 and September 2015, sixty patients (32 males and 28 females) between 40 and 70 years old were randomly allocated into two groups: Half were treated with three weekly intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid 1.6 % (group A), while the others were treated with Syalox 300 Plus ® (hyaluronic acid 300 mg + Boswellia serrata extract 100 mg) 1 tab/die for 20 days and afterward Syalox 150 ® (hyaluronic acid 150 mg) 1 tab/die for other 20 days (group B). All patients were evaluated clinically with American Knee Society Score (AKSS) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for the pain before the treatment and after 3 months. AKSS of the patients in both groups was significantly increased by the treatment, and VAS score was significantly reduced. In both groups, two subgroups were created with patients older than 60 years and patients younger than 60 years. Better results are reported in younger patients of group A and older subjects in group B. Despite several limitations, the results of the study have shown that HA injection and oral administration may have beneficial therapeutic effects on patients with early osteoarthritis. Different outcomes in younger and older subject suggested a combined therapy first with local infiltrations and then with oral composition.

[Lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid filler on a CPM® basis for lip augmentation : Experience from clinical practice].

PubMed

Fischer, T; Sattler, G; Gauglitz, G

2016-06-01

Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers is an established procedure. As monophasic polydensified hyaluronic acid products with variable density CPM-HAL1 (Belotero® Balance Lidocaine) and CPM-HAL2 (Belotero® Intense Lidocaine) are qualified for beautification and particularly natural-looking rejuvenation, respectively. Assessment of handling and outcome of lip augmentation using the lidocaine-containing hyaluronic acid fillers CPM-HAL1 and CPM-HAL2. Data from patients who received lip augmentation by means of bautification and/or rejuvenation using CPM-HAL1 and/or CPM-HAL2 were documented. Observation period was 4 months, with assessment of natural outcome, evenness, handling, fluidity, distribution, malleability, tolerability, as well as patient satisfaction and pain. In total, 146 patients from 21 German centres participated. Physicians rated natural outcome and evenness as good or very good for > 95 % of patients. Handling, fluidity, distribution and malleability were assessed for both fillers as good or very good in > 91 % of patients. At every evaluation point, more than 93 % of patients were very or very much satisfied with the product. A total of 125 patients (85.6 %) experienced transient injection-related side effects. Pain intensity during the procedure was mild (2.72 ± 1.72 on the 0-10 pain assessment scale) and abated markedly within 30 min (0.42 ± 0.57). Lip augmentation with hyaluronic acid fillers produced a long-term cosmetic result. Due to the lidocaine content, procedural pain was low and transient. Accordingly, a high degree of patient satisfaction was achieved that was maintained throughout the observation period.

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of combinations of hydroquinone, glycolic acid, and hyaluronic acid in the treatment of melasma.

PubMed

Ibrahim, Zeinab A; Gheida, Shereen F; El Maghraby, Gamal M; Farag, Zeinab E

2015-06-01

Various treatments are currently available for melasma. However, results are often disappointing. 1 To assess the efficacy and safety of combinations of hydroquinone, glycolic acid, and hyaluronic acid in the treatment of melasma after topical application. 2 To evaluate the dermoscopy as a tool in diagnosis and follow-up of melasma treatment. One hundred patients with mild, moderate-to-severe melasma were divided into five groups. Group I (twenty patients were treated with cream formula containing 4% hydroquinone), group II (twenty patients were treated with cream formula containing 4% hydroquinone + 10% glycolic acid), group III (twenty patients were treated with cream formula containing 4% hydroquinone + 0.01% hyaluronic acid), group IV (twenty patients were treated with cream formula containing 4% hydroquinone + 10% glycolic acid + 0.01% hyaluronic acid), and group V (twenty patients were treated with placebo cream). All patients were subjected to dermoscopic examination and digital photographs before and after treatment. The response and side effects were evaluated. Groups I, III, and IV showed highly significant changes in modified Melasma Area and Severity Index (mMASI) score after using the treatment. Group II showed significant change in mMASI score after using the treatment. The side effects were more reported in group II, followed by group IV, followed by group I, followed by group III. There was highly significant difference between the dermoscopic color findings before and after treatment. Vascularization was another dermoscopic finding. A cream formula containing 4% hydroquinone + 10% glycolic acid + 0.01% hyaluronic acid was very effective in treatment of melasma with tolerable side effects. Dermoscope is a valuable noninvasive tool in the diagnosis and follow-up of melasma treatment. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Surface properties of semi-synthetic enteric coating films: Opportunities to develop bio-based enteric coating films for colon- targeted delivery

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This study investigated the surface properties of the semi-synthetic enteric coating materials for potential colon- targeted bioactive delivery. The enteric coating materials were produced by combining nanoscale resistant starch, pectin, and carboxymethylcellulose. The surface properties of the co...

Surface treatments and coatings to maintain fresh-cut mango quality in storage

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Edible coatings may improve quality of fresh cut fruit by preventing moisture loss and decreasing gas exchange in storage. This study evaluated the effect of an antioxidant dip made of calcium ascorbate, citric acid and N-acetyl-L-cysteine, followed or not with carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) or carrag...

75 FR 39494 - Initiation of Five-Year (“Sunset”) Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-09

...) and 70 FR 62061 (October 28, 2005). Guidance on methodological or analytical issues relevant to the...), we are initiating the Sunset Review of the following antidumping duty orders: DOC Case No. ITC Case... case number listed for Carboxymethylcellulose from Sweden was incorrect. The case number listed above...

75 FR 30431 - Carboxymethylcellulose from Finland, Mexico, Netherlands, and Sweden

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-01

.... (12) Identify significant changes, if any, in the supply and demand conditions or business cycle for... Ethics Official, at 202-205-3088. Limited disclosure of business proprietary information (BPI) under an.../worker group, or trade/business association; import/export Subject Merchandise from more than one Subject...

Electrophoretic deposition and electrochemical behavior of novel graphene oxide-hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite nanocomposite coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ming; Liu, Qian; Jia, Zhaojun; Xu, Xuchen; Shi, Yuying; Cheng, Yan; Zheng, Yufeng; Xi, Tingfei; Wei, Shicheng

2013-11-01

Novel ternary graphene oxide-hyaluronic acid-hydroxyapatite (GO-HY-HA) nanocomposite coatings were prepared on Ti substrate using anodic electrophoretic deposition (EPD). Hyaluronic acid was employed as charging additive and dispersion agent during EPD. The kinetics and mechanism of the deposition, and the microstructure of the coated samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectrum, thermo-gravimetric analysis, and microscopic Fourier transform infrared analysis. The results showed that the addition of GO sheets into the HY-HA suspensions could increase the deposition rate and inhibit cracks creation and propagation in the coatings. The corrosion resistant of the resulting samples were evaluated using potentiodynamic polarization method in simulated body fluid, and the GO-HY-HA coatings could effectively improve the anti-corrosion property of the Ti substrate.

Oil-free hyaluronic acid matrix for serial femtosecond crystallography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugahara, Michihiro; Song, Changyong; Suzuki, Mamoru; Masuda, Tetsuya; Inoue, Shigeyuki; Nakane, Takanori; Yumoto, Fumiaki; Nango, Eriko; Tanaka, Rie; Tono, Kensuke; Joti, Yasumasa; Kameshima, Takashi; Hatsui, Takaki; Yabashi, Makina; Nureki, Osamu; Numata, Keiji; Iwata, So

2016-04-01

The grease matrix was originally introduced as a microcrystal-carrier for serial femtosecond crystallography and has been expanded to applications for various types of proteins, including membrane proteins. However, the grease-based matrix has limited application for oil-sensitive proteins. Here we introduce a grease-free, water-based hyaluronic acid matrix. Applications for proteinase K and lysozyme proteins were able to produce electron density maps at 2.3-Å resolution.

An In Vivo Study of Composite Microgels Based on Hyaluronic Acid and Gelatin for the Reconstruction of Surgically Injured Rat Vocal Folds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coppoolse, Jiska M. S.; Van Kooten, T. G.; Heris, Hossein K.; Mongeau, Luc; Li, Nicole Y. K.; Thibeault, Susan L.; Pitaro, Jacob; Akinpelu, Olubunm; Daniel, Sam J.

2014-01-01

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. Method: Vocal fold stripping was performed unilaterally in 108 Sprague-Dawley rats. A volume of 25 µl saline (placebo controls),…

Therapeutic efficacy of three hyaluronic acid formulations in young and middle-aged patients with early-stage meniscal injuries

PubMed Central

Dernek, Bahar; Kesiktas, Fatma Nur; Duymus, Tahir Mutlu; Diracoglu, Demirhan; Aksoy, Cihan

2017-01-01

[Purpose] To investigate and compare the efficacy of three hyaluronic acid formulations in patients with early-stage meniscal injuries. [Subjects and Methods] Male and female patients who were admitted to our clinic between January 2013 and December 2013, diagnosed with early-stage meniscus lesions of the knee, and given a hyaluronic acid treatment were included in this retrospective study. Patients were categorized into 3 groups according to their treatments: MONOVISC, OSTENIL PLUS, or ORTHOVISC. Scores from a Visual Analog Scale and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index were evaluated at baseline and one, three, and six months after baseline. [Results] A total of 55 patients were included in this study. Most of the patients were female (55%), and the mean age of the patients was 42.4 (± 8.1) years. Based on the pre- and post-injection data, there was significant reductions both in the Visual Analog Scale score and the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index score after the injections for all groups. According to intergroup comparisons, no significant difference was observed in terms of efficacy. [Conclusion] Three hyaluronic acid formulations produced a similar efficacy in patients with meniscal injuries, and further studies are needed to evaluate long-term results. PMID:28744035

Intraarticular Injection of a Cross-Linked Sodium Hyaluronate Combined with Triamcinolone Hexacetonide (Cingal) to Provide Symptomatic Relief of Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Multicenter Clinical Trial.

PubMed

Hangody, Laszlo; Szody, Robert; Lukasik, Piotr; Zgadzaj, Wojciech; Lénárt, Endre; Dokoupilova, Eva; Bichovsk, Daniela; Berta, Agnes; Vasarhelyi, Gabor; Ficzere, Andrea; Hangody, György; Stevens, Gary; Szendroi, Miklos

2017-05-01

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of an intraarticular injection of Cingal (Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA) compared with Monovisc (Anika Therapeutics, Inc., Bedford, MA) or saline for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. This multicenter, double-blind, saline-controlled clinical trial randomized subjects with knee osteoarthritis (Kellgren-Lawrence grades I-III) to a single injection of Cingal (4 mL, 88 mg hyaluronic acid [HA] plus 18 mg triamcinolone hexacetonide [TH]), Monovisc (4 mL, 88 mg HA), or saline (4 mL, 0.9%). The primary efficacy outcome was change in WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Arthritis Index) Pain Score through 12 weeks with Cingal versus saline. Secondary outcomes included Patient and Evaluator Global Assessments, OMERACT-OARSI Responder index, and WOMAC Total, Stiffness, and Physical Function scores through 26 weeks. A total of 368 patients were treated (Cingal, n = 149; Monovisc, n = 150; saline, n = 69). Cingal improvement from baseline was significantly greater than saline through 12 weeks ( P = 0.0099) and 26 weeks ( P = 0.0072). WOMAC Pain was reduced by 70% at 12 weeks and by 72% at 26 weeks with Cingal. Significant improvements were found in most secondary endpoints for pain and function at most time points through 26 weeks. At 1 and 3 weeks, Cingal was significantly better than Monovisc for most endpoints; Cingal and Monovisc were similar from 6 weeks through 26 weeks. A low incidence of related adverse events was reported. Cingal provides immediate and long-term relief of osteoarthritis-related pain, stiffness, and function, significant through 26 weeks compared to saline. Cingal had similar immediate advantages compared with HA alone, while showing benefit comparable to HA at 6 weeks and beyond.

Hydrogel patches containing triclosan for acne treatment.

PubMed

Lee, Tae Wan; Kim, Jin Chul; Hwang, Sung Joo

2003-11-01

Adhesive hydrogel patches containing Triclosan (TS) were prepared as an anti-acne dosage form. Sodium polyacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose (sodium salt) were used as matrix polymers, and Al(3+), produced by the reaction of dihydroxy aluminum aminoacetate and L(+)-tartaric acid, was employed as a crosslinking agent for the negatively charged polymers. The crosslinking reactions were done at 25, 40 and 50 degrees C for predetermined time intervals. The semi-solid gels were obtained only when the reaction period was more than 12 h, but the polymer gels were fluidic with a shorter reaction. The swelling ratios increased as the reaction period was prolonged and the reaction temperature increased, indicating that the degree of the crosslinking is proportional to the reaction period and the temperature. On a scanning electron microphotograph, the crosslinked gel exhibited a honeycomb-like structure having pores of a few micrometers. The adhesive force of a patch, which could be easily attached to and peeled off facial skin, was 45.5 gmf and it increased by adding poly acrylic acid into the patch formulations. Propionibacterium acnes (ATCC 6919) growth inhibition area around the patch was not significant on an agar plate when TS content was 0.01 wt.%, but the antibacterial activity was apparent when the content was 0.05 wt.%. In vitro permeation revealed that up to 5 wt.% of Transcutol (TC) content in patch, TC, a permeation enhancer, significantly increased the amount of TS transported into hairless mouse skins but it did not substantially accelerate TS transportation into the receptors of Franz diffusion cells. Since our patches for the treatment of acne was aimed to localize TS into skins, TC content of 5 wt.% seems to be adequate for the dermal delivery of TS. The model patches in this study would be applicable to facial skins for the treatment of acne.

Six-Month Chronic Toxicity Study of Tamarind Pulp (Tamarindus indica L.) Water Extract.

PubMed

Iskandar, Irene; Setiawan, Finna; Sasongko, Lucy D N; Adnyana, I Ketut

2017-03-08

Tamarind water extract has been shown to demonstrate an anti-obesity effect. In this research, long-term use of tamarind pulp water extract safety was evaluated. Tamarind pulp was extracted by reflux method, followed by freeze-drying to obtain dry extract. Wistar rats were divided into six groups, with 20 animals of each sex per group. The control group and satellite control group received carboxymethylcellulose sodium (CMC-Na) 0.5% 1 mL/100 g bw (body weight) per day. Treatment groups received tamarind pulp extract at doses of 75, 200, 1000, satellite 1000 mg/kg bw per day for six months. After six months, control groups and the treatment group were sacrificed. Satellite groups were sacrificed one month later. Relative organ weights, hematology and clinical biochemistry profiles were determined. After six months, there were no significant change in body weight, hematologic, and clinical biochemistry profiles of the tested group. Body weight of male rats in the satellite 1000 mg/kg bw group was significantly increased in week 30 compared to the satellite control group ( p < 0.05). The relative spleen weight of female rats of the 200 mg/kg bw group was reduced ( p < 0.05). The relative kidney weight of male rats in the 1000 mg/kg bw group was increased ( p < 0.05). This study showed that tamarind pulp extract was generally safe and well tolerated at the tested dose.

Hydrogel-gauze dressing for moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: development and efficacy study on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions in NC/Nga mice.

PubMed

Ng, Shiow-Fern; Lew, Pit-Chin; Sin, Yong-Boey

2014-11-01

Topical emollients are known to provide symptomatic relief for atopic dermatitis. In hospitals, wet-wrap therapy has been shown to benefit children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD), but the application of wet-wraps is tedious and time-consuming. Topical emollients have low residence time and often dry out easily. The aim of this work was to develop a hydrogel-gauze dressing that is not only easy to apply but also rehydrates and traps moisture to provide longer relief for AD patients. In this study, a prototype hydrogel-gauze dressing was developed with varying ratios of sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and propylene glycol. The hydrogel-gauze dressings were assessed based on the moisture vapor transmission rate, moisture absorption, mechanical properties and storage stability over three months. Then, the efficacy of the hydrogel-gauze dressing was compared to topical emollients using transgenic NC/Nga mice with AD-like lesions. The NaCMC hydrogel-gauze dressings significantly lowered transepidermal water loss, and the animals displayed a faster recovery, which indicates that hydrogel-gauze dressings can trap moisture more effectively and accelerate AD healing. Hence, we propose that hydrogel-gauze dressings can potentially become an alternative to wet-wrap therapy due to the ease of application and the higher efficacy compared to topical products.

Preparation of peanut butter suspension for determination of peanuts using enzyme-linked immunoassay kits.

PubMed

Trucksess, Mary W; Brewer, Vickery A; Williams, Kristina M; Westphal, Carmen D; Heeres, James T

2004-01-01

Peanuts are one of the 8 most common allergenic foods and a large proportion of peanut-allergic individuals have severe reactions, some to minimal exposure. Specific protein constituents in the peanuts are the cause of the allergic reactions in sensitized individuals who ingest the peanuts. To avoid accidental ingestion of peanut-contaminated food, methods of analysis for the determination of the allergenic proteins in foods are important tools. Such methods could help identify foods inadvertently contaminated with peanuts, thereby reducing the incidence of allergic reactions to peanuts. Commercial immunoassay kits are available but need study for method performance, which requires reference materials for within- and between-laboratory validations. In this study, National Institute of Standards and Technology Standard Reference Material 2387 peanut butter was used. A polytron homogenizer was used to prepare a homogenous aqueous Peanut Butter suspension for the evaluation of method performance of some commercially available immunoassay kits such as Veratox for Peanut Allergen Test (Neogen Corp.), Ridascreen Peanut (R-Biopharm GmbH), and Bio-Kit Peanut Protein Assay Kit (Tepnel). Each gram of the aqueous peanut butter suspension contained 20 mg carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt, 643 microg peanut, 0.5 mg thimerosal, and 2.5 mg bovine serum albumin. The suspension was homogenous, stable, reproducible, and applicable for adding to ice cream, cookies, breakfast cereals, and chocolate for recovery studies at spike levels ranging from 12 to 90 microg/g.

Synthesis and characterization of a novel hyaluronic acid hydrogel.

PubMed

Zhao, X

2006-01-01

Hyaluronic acid (hyaluronan, HA) has many medical applications as a biomaterial. To enhance its biostability, a novel hydrogel of cross-linked hyaluronic acid was prepared using a double cross-linking process, which involves building cross-linkages between hydroxyl group pairs and carboxyl group pairs. The present study explored a number of cross-linking processes in order to obtain different degrees of cross-linking, which were evaluated by the measurement of water absorption capacity as an index of the gel network density. To gain a better understanding of the stability of the gel, the chemical structure and particularly the rheological behaviour of the cross-linked HA, which included the influences of factors, such as degree of cross-linking, HA concentration and gel particle size, were investigated. The in vitro biostability against hyaluronidase and free radical degradation was tested to show that the cross-linked hydrogel had improved resistance to in vitro hyaluronidase and free radical degradation.

Vocal fold proteoglycans and their influence on biomechanics.

PubMed

Gray, S D; Titze, I R; Chan, R; Hammond, T H

1999-06-01

To examine the interstitial proteins of the vocal fold and their influence on the biomechanical properties of that tissue. Anatomic study of the lamina propria of human cadaveric vocal folds combined with some viscosity testing. Identification of proteoglycans is performed with histochemical staining. Quantitative analysis is performed using an image analysis system. A rheometer is used for viscosity testing. Three-dimensional rendering program is used for the computer images. Proteoglycans play an important role in tissue biomechanics. Hyaluronic acid is a key molecule that affects viscosity. The proteoglycans of the lamina propria have important biological and biomechanical effects. The role of hyaluronic acid in determining tissue viscosity is emphasized. Viscosity, its effect on phonatory threshold pressure and energy expended due to phonation is discussed. Proteoglycans, particularly hyaluronic acid, play important roles in determining biomechanical properties of tissue oscillation. Future research will likely make these proteins of important therapeutic interest.

The equilibrium sedimentation of hyaluronic acid and of two synthetic polymers

PubMed Central

Nichol, L. W.; Ogston, A. G.; Preston, B. N.

1967-01-01

1. The method of equilibrium sedimentation has been investigated as an alternative to osmotic-pressure measurement for determining thermodynamic properties of polymer solutions at relatively high concentrations. 2. The simplifications that must be made in the theoretical treatment are discussed. 3. Measurements have been made on samples of polyethylene glycol, neutralized polymethacrylic acid and hyaluronic acid. With the first and third, values of the `non-ideality coefficients' have been obtained that agree with those obtained from osmotic measurements on the same materials. 4. Evidence has been obtained of the presence in hyaluronic acid preparations of a fraction that has either a lower degree of thermodynamic non-ideality or a higher density increment than the bulk of the sample. This fraction is not protein. ImagesFig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 7.Fig. 8.Fig. 9.Fig. 11.Fig. 12.Fig. 13.Fig. 14. PMID:6029600

Hyaluronic acid as a potential boron carrier for BNCT: Preliminary evaluation.

PubMed

Zaboronok, A; Yamamoto, T; Nakai, K; Yoshida, F; Uspenskii, S; Selyanin, M; Zelenetskii, A; Matsumura, Akira

2015-12-01

Hyaluronic acid (HA), a nonimmunogenic, biocompatible polymer found in different biological tissues, has the potential to attach to CD44 receptors on the surface of certain cancer cells, where the receptor is overexpressed compared with normal cells. Boron-hyaluronic acid (BHA) was tested for its feasibility as a potential agent for BNCT. BHA with low-viscosity 30 kDa HA could be administered by intravenous injection. The compound showed a certain degree of cytotoxicity and accumulation in C6 rat glioma cells in vitro. Instability of the chelate bonds between boron and HA and/or insufficient specificity of CD44 receptors on C6 cells to BHA could account for the insufficient in vitro accumulation. To ensure the future eligibility of BHA for BNCT experiments, using alternative tumor cell lines and chemically securing the chelate bonds or synthesizing BHA with boron covalently attached to HA might be required. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1- and 2-particle Microrheology of Hyaluronic Acid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sagan, Austin; Kearns, Sarah; Ross, David; Das, Moumita; Thurston, George; Franklin, Scott

2015-03-01

Hyaluronic acid (also called HA or Hyaluronan) is a high molecular weight polysaccaride ubiquitous in the extracellular matrix of soft tissue such as cartilage, skin, the eye's vitreous gel and synovial fluid. It has been shown to play an important role in mechanotransduction, cell migration and proliferation, and in tissue morphodynamics. We present a confocal microrheology study of hyaluronic acid of varying concentrations. The mean squared displacement (MSD) of sub-micron colloidal tracer particles is tracked in two dimensions and shows a transition from diffusive motion at low concentrations to small-time trapping by the protein network as the concentration increases. Correlations between particle motion can be used to determine an effective mean-squared displacement which deviates from the single-particle MSD as the fluid becomes less homogeneous. The real and effective mean-squared displacements are used to probe the local and space-averaged frequency dependent rheological properties of the fluid as the concentration changes.

Crosslinking method of hyaluronic-based hydrogel for biomedical applications

PubMed Central

Khunmanee, Sureerat; Jeong, Younghyen; Park, Hansoo

2017-01-01

In the field of tissue engineering, there is a need for advancement beyond conventional scaffolds and preformed hydrogels. Injectable hydrogels have gained wider admiration among researchers as they can be used in minimally invasive surgical procedures. Injectable gels completely fill the defect area and have good permeability and hence are promising biomaterials. The technique can be effectively applied to deliver a wide range of bioactive agents, such as drugs, proteins, growth factors, and even living cells. Hyaluronic acid is a promising candidate for the tissue engineering field because of its unique physicochemical and biological properties. Thus, this review provides an overview of various methods of chemical and physical crosslinking using different linkers that have been investigated to develop the mechanical properties, biodegradation, and biocompatibility of hyaluronic acid as an injectable hydrogel in cell scaffolds, drug delivery systems, and wound healing applications. PMID:28912946

The 3D model: explaining densification and deformation mechanisms by using 3D parameter plots.

PubMed

Picker, Katharina M

2004-04-01

The aim of the study was to analyze very differently deforming materials using 3D parameter plots and consequently to gain deeper insights into the densification and deformation process described with the 3D model in order to define an ideal tableting excipient. The excipients used were dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD), sodium chloride (NaCl), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), xylitol, mannitol, alpha-lactose monohydrate, maltose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC), cellulose acetate (CAC), maize starch, potato starch, pregelatinized starch, and maltodextrine. All of the materials were tableted to graded maximum relative densities (rhorel, max) using an eccentric tableting machine. The data which resulted, namely force, displacement, and time, were analyzed by the application of 3D modeling. Different particle size fractions of DCPD, CAC, and MCC were analyzed in addition. Brittle deforming materials such as DCPD exhibited a completely different 3D parameter plot, with low time plasticity, d, and low pressure plasticity, e, and a strong decrease in omega values when densification increased, in contrast to the plastically deforming MCC, which had much higher d, e, and omega values. e and omega values changed only slightly when densification increased for MCC. NaCl showed less of a decrease in omega values than DCPD did, and the d and e values were between those of MCC and DCPD. The sugar alcohols, xylitol and mannitol, behaved in a similar fashion to sodium chloride. This is also valid for the crystalline sugars, alpha-lactose monohydrate, and maltose. However, the sugars are more brittle than the sugar alcohols. The cellulose derivatives, HPMC, NaCMC, and CAC, are as plastic as MCC, however, their elasticity depends on substitution indicated by lower (more elastic) or higher (less elastic) omega values. The native starches, maize starch and potato starch, are very elastic, and pregelatinized starch and maltodextrine are less elastic and exhibited higher omega values. Deformation behavior as shown in 3D parameter plots depends on particle size for polymers such as CAC and MCC; however, it does not depend on particle size for brittle materials such as DCPD. An ideally deforming tableting excipient should exhibit high e, d, and omega values with a constant ratio of e and omega at increasing densification.

77 FR 47036 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland; Notice of Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-07

... to requests from Aqualon Company, a division of Hercules Inc., (Petitioner) and respondents CP Kelco Oy and CP Kelco U.S., Inc. (collectively, CP Kelco), the Department of Commerce (the Department) is...) from Finland. The review covers exports of the subject merchandise to the United States produced by CP...

78 FR 50028 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland; Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... to requests from Aqualon Company, a division of Hercules Inc., (Petitioner) and respondents CP Kelco Oy and CP Kelco U.S., Inc. (collectively, CP Kelco), the Department of Commerce (the Department) is... that CP Kelco made sales at prices below normal value (NV) during the POR. If these preliminary results...

78 FR 11817 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-20

... covers one respondent, CP Kelco Oy and CP Kelco, Inc. (collectively CP Kelco). The period of review (POR..., the Department published the Preliminary Results. This review covers one respondent, CP Kelco. The... Petitioner on September 6, 2012. CP Kelco filed a rebuttal brief on September 11, 2012. We also invited...

Micronised bran-enriched fresh egg tagliatelle: Significance of gums addition on pasta technological features.

PubMed

Martín-Esparza, M E; Raga, A; González-Martínez, C; Albors, A

2018-06-01

The aim of the work was to produce fibre-enriched fresh pasta based on micronised wheat bran and durum wheat semolina with appropriate techno-functional properties. Wheat semolina was replaced with fine particle size (50% below 75 µm) wheat bran - up to 11.54% (w/w). A Box-Behnken design with randomised response surface methodology was used to determine a suitable combination of carboxymethylcellulose, xanthan gum and locust bean gum to improve pasta attributes: minimum cooking loss, maximum values for water gain and swelling index, as well as better colour and texture characteristics before and after cooking. The proximate chemical composition of wheat semolina and bran was determined and the microstructure of uncooked pasta was observed as well. From the response surface methodology analysis, it is recommended to use: (i) xanthan gum over 0.6% w/w as it led to bran-enriched pasta with a better developed structure and superior cooking behaviour, (ii) a combination of xanthan gum (0.8% w/w) and carboxymethylcellulose (over 0.6% w/w) to enhance uncooked pasta yellowness.

Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethylcellulose grafted with thermoresponsive side chains of high LCST: The high temperature and high salinity self-assembly dependence.

PubMed

Marques, Nívia do N; Balaban, Rosangela de C; Halila, Sami; Borsali, Redouane

2018-03-15

Graft copolymers based on carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and thermosensitive polyetheramines (ethylene oxide/propylene oxide = 33/10 and 1/9) were prepared in water, at room temperature, by using a carbodiimide and N-hydroxysuccinimide as activators. SLS was applied to obtain M w , A 2 and R g of CMC and its derivatives. Amide linkages were evidenced by FTIR and grafting percentage was determined by 1 H NMR. TGA demonstrated that copolymers were thermally more stable than their precursors. DLS, UV-vis and rheological measurements revealed that properties were salt- and thermo-responsive and linked to the polysaccharide/polyetheramine ratio and the hydrophobicity of the graft. None of the copolymers showed cloud point temperature (Tcp) in water, but they turned turbid in saline media when heated. Copolymers exhibited thermothickening behaviour at 60 °C (>Tcp) in saline media. Below their Tcp, they showed the ability of keeping constant viscosity or even slight increase it, which was interpreted in terms of intermolecular hydrophobic associations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Association and Diffusion of Li(+) in Carboxymethylcellulose Solutions for Environmentally Friendly Li-ion Batteries.

PubMed

Casalegno, Mosè; Castiglione, Franca; Passarello, Marco; Mele, Andrea; Passerini, Stefano; Raos, Guido

2016-07-21

Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) has been proposed as a polymeric binder for electrodes in environmentally friendly Li-ion batteries. Its physical properties and interaction with Li(+) ions in water are interesting not only from the point of view of electrode preparation-processability in water is one of the main reasons for its environmental friendliness-but also for its possible application in aqueous Li-ion batteries. We combine molecular dynamics simulations and variable-time pulsed field gradient spin-echo (PFGSE) NMR spectroscopy to investigate Li(+) transport in CMC-based solutions. Both the simulations and experimental results show that, at concentrations at which Li-CMC has a gel-like consistency, the Li(+) diffusion coefficient is still very close to that in water. These Li(+) ions interact preferentially with the carboxylate groups of CMC, giving rise to a rich variety of coordination patterns. However, the diffusion of Li(+) in these systems is essentially unrestricted, with a fast, nanosecond-scale exchange of the ions between CMC and the aqueous environment. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

A novel pH-responsive interpolyelectrolyte hydrogel complex for the oral delivery of levodopa. Part II: characterization and formulation of an IPEC-based tablet matrix.

PubMed

Ngwuluka, Ndidi C; Choonara, Yahya E; Kumar, Pradeep; du Toit, Lisa C; Khan, Riaz A; Pillay, Viness

2015-03-01

This study was undertaken in order to apply a synthesized interpolyelectrolyte complex (IPEC) of polymethacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose as a controlled release oral tablet matrix for the delivery of the model neuroactive drug levodopa. The IPEC (synthesized in Part I of this work) was characterized by techniques such as Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectroscopy, Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Advanced DSC (ADSC), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The tablet matrices were formulated and characterized for their drug delivery properties and in vitro drug release. FTIR confirmed the interaction between the two polymers. The IPEC composite generated tablet matrices with a hardness ranging from 19.152-27.590 N/mm and a matrix resilience ranging between 42 and 46%. An IPEC of polymethacrylate and carboxymethylcellulose was indeed an improvement on the inherent properties of the native polymers providing a biomaterial with the ability to release poorly soluble drugs such as levodopa at a constant rate over a prolonged period of time. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Foam mat drying of Tommy Atkins mango: Effects of air temperature and concentrations of soy lecithin and carboxymethylcellulose on phenolic composition, mangiferin, and antioxidant capacity.

PubMed

Lobo, Francine Albernaz; Nascimento, Manuela Abreu; Domingues, Josiane Roberto; Falcão, Deborah Quintanilha; Hernanz, Dolores; Heredia, Francisco J; de Lima Araujo, Kátia Gomes

2017-04-15

In this study, foam mat drying was applied to Tommy Atkins mango. Using a multifactorial design, the effect of soy lecithin (L) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) used as foam stabilizers (0-1.50g/100g), as well as temperature (T) (53-87°C), on phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of mango were evaluated. Mango pulp contains antioxidant, such as mangiferin, that can be utilized in foods to enhance their functional properties. Our results indicated that L and T had negative effects (p<0.05) on the phenolic content and antioxidant capacity, whereas CMC had a positive effect (p<0.05). Increasing the total amount of phenolic compounds present in dried mango contributed to the higher antioxidant capacity after the drying process. This study concluded that a drying T of 80°C, and a concentration of 0.30g/100g of CMC and L are optimal for increased retention of phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Screening and characterization of amylase and cellulase activities in psychrotolerant yeasts.

PubMed

Carrasco, Mario; Villarreal, Pablo; Barahona, Salvador; Alcaíno, Jennifer; Cifuentes, Víctor; Baeza, Marcelo

2016-02-19

Amylases and cellulases have great potential for application in industries such as food, detergent, laundry, textile, baking and biofuels. A common requirement in these fields is to reduce the temperatures of the processes, leading to a continuous search for microorganisms that secrete cold-active amylases and cellulases. Psychrotolerant yeasts are good candidates because they inhabit cold-environments. In this work, we analyzed the ability of yeasts isolated from the Antarctic region to grow on starch or carboxymethylcellulose, and their potential extracellular amylases and cellulases. All tested yeasts were able to grow with soluble starch or carboxymethylcellulose as the sole carbon source; however, not all of them produced ethanol by fermentation of these carbon sources. For the majority of the yeast species, the extracellular amylase or cellulase activity was higher when cultured in medium supplemented with glucose rather than with soluble starch or carboxymethylcellulose. Additionally, higher amylase activities were observed when tested at pH 5.4 and 6.2, and at 30-37 °C, except for Rhodotorula glacialis that showed elevated activity at 10-22 °C. In general, cellulase activity was high until pH 6.2 and between 22-37 °C, while the sample from Mrakia blollopis showed high activity at 4-22 °C. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of a potential amylase from Tetracladium sp. of about 70 kDa, showed several peptides with positive matches with glucoamylases from other fungi. Almost all yeast species showed extracellular amylase or cellulase activity, and an inducing effect by the respective substrate was observed in a minor number of yeasts. These enzymatic activities were higher at 30 °C in most yeast, with highest amylase and cellulase activity in Tetracladium sp. and M. gelida, respectively. However, Rh. glacialis and M. blollopis displayed high amylase or cellulase activity, respectively, under 22 °C. In this sense, these yeasts are interesting candidates for industrial processes that require lower temperatures.

Intraocular Pressure Increases After Intraarticular Knee Injection With Triamcinolone but Not Hyaluronic Acid.

PubMed

Taliaferro, Kevin; Crawford, Alexander; Jabara, Justin; Lynch, Jonathan; Jung, Edward; Zvirbulis, Raimonds; Banka, Trevor

2018-07-01

Intraarticular steroid injections are a common first-line therapy for severe osteoarthritis, which affects an estimated 27 million people in the United States. Although topical, oral, intranasal, and inhalational steroids are known to increase intraocular pressure in some patients, the effect of intraarticular steroid injections on intraocular pressure has not been investigated, to the best of our knowledge. If elevated intraocular pressure is sustained for long periods of time or is of sufficient magnitude acutely, permanent loss of the visual field can occur. How does intraocular pressure change 1 week after an intraarticular knee injection either with triamcinolone acetonide or hyaluronic acid? A nonrandomized, nonblinded prospective cohort study was conducted at an outpatient, ambulatory orthopaedic clinic. This study compared intraocular pressure elevation before and 1 week after intraarticular knee injection of triamcinolone acetonide versus hyaluronic acid for management of primary osteoarthritis of the knee. Patients self-selected to be injected in their knee with either triamcinolone acetonide or hyaluronic acid before being informed of the study. The primary endpoint was intraocular pressure elevation of ≥ 7 mm Hg 1 week after injection. This cutoff is determined as the minimum significant pressure change in the ophthalmology literature recognized as an intermediate responder to steroids. Intraocular pressure was measured using a handheld Tono-Pen® applanation device. This device is frequently used in intraocular pressure measurement in clinical and research settings; 10 sequential measurements are obtained and averaged with a confidence interval. Only measurements with a 95% confidence interval were used. Over a 6-month period, a total of 96 patients were approached to enroll in the study. Sixty-two patients out of 96 approached (65%) agreed. Thirty-one (50%) were injected with triamcinolone and 31 (50%) were injected with hyaluronic acid. Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who were suitable candidates for either a steroid injection or hyaluronic acid injection were included in the study. Exclusion criteria included previous glaucoma surgery, previous corneal injury precluding use of a Tono-Pen, current acute or chronic steroid use, and diagnosis of glaucoma other than primary open-angle. Patients with elevated intraocular pressure at the 1-week timepoint were invited to return at 1 month for repeat measurement; however, only five of nine (55.6%) were able to do so. The mean age of the total population was 64.1 ± 11.65 years. There were 46 (74%) women and 16 men. Patient in the hyaluronic acid injection group were younger than the triamcinolone group, 59.5 ± 11.7 versus 68.7 ± 9.7 years of age (p < 0.003). The mean intraocular pressure increased by 2.79 mm Hg 1 week after treatment with triamcinolone, but it did not change among those patients treated with hyaluronic acid (2.79 ± 9.9 mm Hg versus -0.14 ± 2.96 mm Hg; mean difference 2.93 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, -0.71 to 6.57 mm Hg; p = 0.12). More patients who received triamcinolone injections developed an increase in intraocular pressure > 7 mm than did those who received hyaluronic acid (29% [nine of 29] versus 0% [zero of 31]; p = 0.002). Of the nine patients who developed elevated intraocular pressure after a triamcinolone injection, five returned for reevaluation 1 month later, and four of them had pressures that remained elevated > 7 mm Hg from baseline. There appears to be an associated intraocular pressure elevation found in patients who have undergone a triamcinolone injection of the knee. Further larger scale randomized investigations are warranted to determine the longevity of this pressure elevation as well as long-term clinical implications, including optic nerve damage and visual field loss. Level II, therapeutic study.

Desire for penile girth enhancement and the effects of the self-injection of hyaluronic Acid gel.

PubMed

Coskuner, Enis Rauf; Canter, Halil Ibrahim

2012-07-01

Penile girth enhancement is a controversial subject but demands for enhancement are increasing steadily. Although various fillers have been widely used for soft tissue augmentation, there is no reliable material for this particular situation. Here we report a case of an acute hypersensitivity reaction in a man after his first self-injection of a filler material, which, he claimed, was hyaluronic acid gel for penile girth enhancement and glans penis augmentation.

Mucopolysaccharide complexes in the fibrous tissue surrounding hydrophilic polymers in subcutaneous implantation.

PubMed

Sprincl, L; Terescenko, T L; Kálal, J; Lipatova, T E; Kopecek, J; Pchakadze, G A

1976-01-01

The biocompatibility of three types of hydrophilic poly-(glycol methacrylate) gels--homogeneous, microporous and macroporous--was investigated in an experimental subcutaneous implantation. The occurrence of mucopolysaccharide complexes formed by both hyaluronic acid and chondroitine sulphates was examined in the fibrous tissue which surrounds the implant and penetrates into it in the case of a macroporous polymer. In an early stage of investigation hyaluronic acid prevails, but with proceeding collagenization the chondroitine sulphate part becomes predominant.

Hyaluronic acid-based scaffolds for tissue engineering.

PubMed

Chircov, Cristina; Grumezescu, Alexandru Mihai; Bejenaru, Ludovic Everard

2018-01-01

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural glycosaminoglycan found in the extracellular matrix of most connective tissues. Due to its chemical structure, HA is a hydrophilic polymer and it is characterized by a fast degradation rate. HA-based scaffolds for tissue engineering are intensively studied due to their increased biocompatibility, biodegradability and chemical modification. Depending on the processing technique, scaffolds can be prepared in the form of hydrogels, sponges, cryogels, and injectable hydrogels, all discussed in this review.

Efficacy of hyaluronic acid spray on swelling, pain, and trismus after surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molars.

PubMed

Koray, M; Ofluoglu, D; Onal, E A; Ozgul, M; Ersev, H; Yaltirik, M; Tanyeri, H

2014-11-01

The aim of this study was compare the efficacies of two oral sprays in reducing swelling, pain, and trismus after the extraction of impacted mandibular third molars. This prospective double-blind, randomized, crossover clinical trial included 34 patients with bilateral symmetrically impacted mandibular third molars of similar surgical difficulty. Hyaluronic acid or benzydamine hydrochloride spray was applied (two pumps) to the extraction area, three times daily for 7 days. Swelling was evaluated using a tape measure method, pain with a visual analogue scale (VAS), and trismus by measuring the maximum inter-incisal opening. Assessments were made on the day of surgery and on days 2 and 7 after surgery. Statistically significant differences were detected for the swelling and trismus values between the two treatment groups on the second postoperative day (P=0.002 and P=0.03, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in VAS scores between the two groups. The administration of hyaluronic acid spray was more effective than benzydamine hydrochloride spray in reducing swelling and trismus. Although no evidence of a reduction in pain levels was detected, hyaluronic acid appears to offer a beneficial effect in the management of swelling and trismus during the immediate postoperative period following impacted third molar surgery. Copyright © 2014 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Results of endovesical hyaluronic acid/chondroitin sulfate in the treatment of Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome.

PubMed

Porru, D; Cervigni, M; Nasta, L; Natale, F; Lo Voi, R; Tinelli, C; Gardella, B; Anghileri, A; Spinillo, A; Rovereto, B

2008-05-01

The aim of our study was to test the effect of a more viscous compound than existent hyaluronic acid formulation in helping to restore a defective glycosaminoglycan layer, and therefore in improving Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome (IC/PBS) symptoms when administered intravesically in IC/PBS patients. A total of 23 female patients completed the study. Patients received endovesical administration of hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate in normal saline, 40 ml, weekly for 12 weeks and then bi-weekly for 6 months, if there was initial response. After 12 weeks treatment both Interstitial Cystitis Symptom and Problem Index (ICSI/ICPI), pelvic pain and Urgency/Frequency Symptom Scale (PUF) showed a mean significant improvement, which was maintained thereafter. The average number of voidings and mean voiding volumes revealed significant improvement after the 12 weeks' treatment period, with a significant reduction and increase, respectively. Mean voiding volume increased from 143 ml to 191, which apparently was not reflected in a corresponding reduction of number of daily voids (from 15,5 to 14). VAS values decreased from 5,4 to 3,6 (pain) and from 6,0 to 3,5 (urgency) after the treatment cycle, showing a significant improvement. In our preliminary experience, the administration of intravesical hyaluronic acid plus chondroitine sulphate appears to be a safe and efficacious method of treatment in IC/PBS.

Intra-Articular Hyaluronic Acid Compared to Traditional Conservative Treatment in Dogs with Osteoarthritis Associated with Hip Dysplasia

PubMed Central

Carapeba, Gabriel O. L.; Cavaleti, Poliana; Brinholi, Rejane B.

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of the intra-articular (IA) hyaluronic acid injection to traditional conservative treatment (TCT) in dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) induced by hip dysplasia. Sixteen dogs were distributed into two groups: Hyal: IA injection of hyaluronic acid (5–10 mg), and Control: IA injection with saline solution (0.5–1.0 mL) in combination with a TCT using an oral nutraceutical (750–1000 mg every 12 h for 90 days) and carprofen (2.2 mg/kg every 12 h for 15 days). All dogs were assessed by a veterinarian on five occasions and the owner completed an assessment form (HCPI and CPBI) at the same time. The data were analyzed using unpaired t test, ANOVA, and Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Compared with baseline, lower scores were observed in both groups over the 90 days in the veterinarian evaluation, HCPI, and CPBI (P < 0.001). The Hyal group exhibited lower scores from 15 to 90 and 60 to 90 days, in the CBPI and in the veterinarian evaluation, respectively, compared to the Control group. Both treatments reduced the clinical signs associated with hip OA. However, more significant results were achieved with intra-articular hyaluronic acid injection. PMID:27847523

[Treatment of interstitial cystitis by intravesical instillation of hyaluronic acid: A prospective study on 31 patients].

PubMed

Van Agt, S; Gobet, F; Sibert, L; Leroi, A-M; Grise, P

2011-03-01

We evaluate the efficacy of hyaluronate acid instillation for treatment of interstitial cystitis (IC). From March 2008 to May 2009, a prospective study included 31 patients. We used the new definition of IC established by the ICS in 2002. Patients have a urinalysis, a cystoscopy, a hydrodistension test and bladder biopsies. The urodynamic evaluation was not systematic. Patients received weekly six instillations of 40mg (50ml) intravesical hyaluronate acid. We evaluated the efficacy and safety of treatment with two specific questionnaires of interstitial cystitis filled before and after 6 weeks of treatment: the O'Leary-Sant and Pelvic pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF). Four groups were defined: good response, partial response, poor response and no response. They were composed by 14 patients (45%), two (7%), seven (22%) and eight patients (26%). We obtained 52% positive response (good response and partial response) after 6 weeks of treatment. Patients with cystoscopy and histology abnormal had a response rate of 60%. No serious side effects were observed. Hyaluronate acid has a place in the treatment of interstitial cystitis with an efficiency comparable to other treatments and good tolerance. The response rate to treatment can be improved by better selection of patients, particularly those having a cystoscopy and histology abnormal. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Human Growth Factor Cream and Hyaluronic Acid Serum in Conjunction with Micro Laser Peel

PubMed Central

Katz, Bruce E.; Cohen, Joel L.; Biron, Julie

2010-01-01

The present study investigated the use of a novel hyaluronic acid serum in combination with a cream comprising a mixture of human growth factors in conjunction with the micro laser peel procedure for skin rejuvenation. After preconditioning the face with the hyaluronic acid serum followed by the cream twice daily for one month, 15 female volunteers between 35 to 65 years of age with demonstrable facial wrinkling received a micro laser peel on the entire face using an erbium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet laser. Immediately following the laser procedure, the subjects applied the test products twice daily until the second laser peel one month later. Immediately following the second procedure, the subjects reapplied the test products for another month. In the large majority of subjects, erythema or edema, crusts or erosions, and transitory stinging or burning sensations after the micro laser peel were minimal or mild when the skin was treated with the serum followed by the cream. The micro laser peel in conjunction with the test products helped to significantly improve hyperpigmentation, wrinkles, and texture as compared to before treatment. This study with the micro laser peel device demonstrated that a novel hyaluronic acid serum combined with the human growth factor cream can be successfully used for skin rejuvenation in conjunction with light-to-medium invasive laser skin treatments. PMID:21203354

Can combined use of low-level lasers and hyaluronic acid injections prolong the longevity of degenerative knee joints?

PubMed Central

Ip, David; Fu, Nga Yue

2015-01-01

Background This study evaluated whether half-yearly hyaluronic acid injection together with low-level laser therapy in addition to standard conventional physical therapy can successfully postpone the need for joint replacement surgery in elderly patients with bilateral symptomatic tricompartmental knee arthritis. Methods In this prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 70 consecutive unselected elderly patients with bilateral tricompartmental knee arthritis were assigned at random to either one of two conservative treatment protocols to either one of the painful knees. Protocol A consisted of conventional physical therapy plus a sham light source plus saline injection, and protocol B consisted of protocol A with addition of half-yearly hyaluronic acid injection as well as low-level laser treatment instead of using saline and a sham light source. Treatment failure was defined as breakthrough pain necessitating joint replacement. Results Among the 140 painful knees treated with either protocol A or protocol B, only one of the 70 painful knees treated by protocol B required joint replacement, whereas 15 of the 70 painful knees treated by protocol A needed joint replacement surgery (P<0.05). Conclusion We conclude that half-yearly hyaluronic acid injections together with low-level laser therapy should be incorporated into the standard conservative treatment protocol for symptomatic knee arthritis, because it may prolong the longevity of the knee joint without the need for joint replacement. PMID:26346122

CD44 as a receptor for colonization of the pharynx by group A Streptococcus

PubMed Central

Cywes, Colette; Stamenkovic, Ivan; Wessels, Michael R.

2000-01-01

The pharynx is the primary reservoir for strains of group A Streptococcus (GAS) associated both with pharyngitis (streptococcal sore throat) and with invasive or “flesh-eating” soft tissue infections. We now report that CD44, a hyaluronic acid-binding protein that mediates human cell-cell– and cell-extracellular matrix–binding interactions, functions as a receptor for GAS colonization of the pharynx in vivo. We found that attachment of GAS to murine epithelial keratinocytes was mediated by binding of the GAS hyaluronic acid capsular polysaccharide to CD44. In studies of transgenic mice with a selective defect in epithelial expression of CD44, GAS adherence to CD44-deficient keratinocytes in vitro was reduced compared with adherence to keratinocytes expressing normal levels of CD44. After intranasal inoculation, GAS colonized the oropharynx of wild-type mice but failed to colonize transgenic mice deficient in CD44 expression. GAS colonization of wild-type mice could be blocked by coadministration of mAb to CD44 or by pretreatment of the animals with exogenous hyaluronic acid. These results provide evidence that CD44 serves as a receptor for GAS colonization of the pharynx and support the potential efficacy of disrupting the interaction between the GAS hyaluronic acid capsule and CD44 as a novel approach to preventing pharyngeal infection. PMID:11032859

A comparative study on the impact of intra-articular injections of hyaluronic acid, tenoxicam and betametazon on the relief of temporomandibular joint disorder complaints.

PubMed

Gencer, Zeliha Kapusuz; Özkiriş, Mahmut; Okur, Aylin; Korkmaz, Murat; Saydam, Levent

2014-10-01

The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of intra-articular injections of three different agents with well known anti-inflammatory properties. Between April 2010 and January 2013 a total of 100 patients who were diagnosed as temporomandibular joint disorder in the Department of Otolaryngology at Bozok University School of Medicine were prospectively studied. Patients with symptoms of jaw pain, limited or painful jaw movement, clicking or grating within the joint, were evaluated with temporomandibular CT to investigate the presence of cartilage or capsule degeneration. In the study group there were 55 female and 45 male patients who were non-responders to conventional anti-inflammatory treatment for TMJ complaints. The patients were randomly divided into four groups consisting of a control group and three different groups who underwent intra-articular injection of one given anti-inflammatory agent for each group. We injected saline solution to intra-articular space in the control group. Of three anti-inflammatory agents including hyaluronic acid (HA, Hyalgan intra-articular injection, Sodium hyaluronate 10 mg/ml, 2 ml injection syringe, Bilim Pharmaceutical Company, Istanbul, Turkey); betamethasone (CS, Diprospan flacon, 7.0 mg betamethasone/1 ml, Schering-Plough Pharmaceutical Company, Istanbul, Turkey) and; tenoxicam (TX, Tilcotil flacon, 20 mg tenoxicam/ml, Roche Pharmaceutical Company, Istanbul, Turkey) were administered intra-articularly under, ultrasonographic guidance. Following the completion of injections the, changes in subjective symptoms were compared with visual analogue scales, (VAS) scores at 1st and 6th weeks' follow-up visits between four groups. The HA group did significantly better pain relief scores compared to the, other groups at 1st and 6th weeks (p < 0.05). TX and CS groups' pain scores were better than control group values (p < 0.05, for both agents). The pain relief effect of TX was noted to decrease significantly between the 1st and 6th week (p < 0.05) (Fig. 1). We did not observe the same pattern in HA, CS and control (saline) groups between 1st and 6th week (p > 0.05). We found that HA produced better pain relief scores when compared to the other anti-inflammatory agents studied. The main disadvantage of HA is its relatively higher cost. Additionally it does not have a reimbursement status by state or private health insurance systems in Turkey. Despite the lower VAS scores, intra-articular TX and CS may be assessed as more economic alternatives to intra-articular HA injections. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Danshen attenuates osteoarthritis-related cartilage degeneration through inhibition of NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro.

PubMed

Xu, Xilin; Lv, Hang; Li, Xiaodong; Su, Hui; Zhang, Xiaofeng; Yang, Jun

2017-12-01

Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) is a traditional Chinese medicine herb that can alleviate the symptoms of osteoarthritis (OA) (Söder et al. 2006) in animals. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood and require further investigation. In this study, rabbits with experimentally induced OA were given an intra-articular injection of danshen (0.7 mL/day) for 5 weeks. In addition to attenuating the cartilage degeneration of OA in the rabbits, danshen decreased the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and MMP-13, and increased the expression of their natural inhibitors: tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2. Apoptosis in osteoarthritic cartilage tissues was attenuated by danshen, accompanied with increased expression of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and decreased levels of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax). Further, danshen inhibited the nuclear accumulation of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) p65 in osteoarthritic cartilage. The therapeutic effects of danshen in vivo were comparable to that of sodium hyaluronate, which is a drug used clinically for the treatment OA. In vitro, sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to stimulate apoptosis in primary rabbit chondrocytes. We found that the SNP-induced apoptosis was mitigated by danshen. BAY11-7028, an inhibitor of the NF-κB pathway, augmented danshen's anti-apoptotic effects in cells exposed to SNP. When these results are considered together, they indicate that danshen alleviates the cartilage injury in rabbit OA through inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway.

The Effect of Tear Supplementation with 0.15% Preservative-Free Zinc-Hyaluronate on Ocular Surface Sensations in Patients with Dry Eye.

PubMed

Perényi, Kristóf; Dienes, Lóránt; Kornafeld, Anna; Kovács, Balázs; Kiss, Huba J; Szepessy, Zsuzsanna; Nagy, Zoltán Z; Barsi, Árpád; Acosta, M Carmen; Gallar, Juana; Kovács, Illés

To evaluate the effect of tear supplementation with preservative free 0.15% zinc-hyaluronate on ocular surface sensations and corneal sensitivity in dry eye patients. Ocular surface sensations were assessed using the ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire and by recording ocular sensations during forced blinking in parallel with noninvasive tear film breakup time measurement in 20 eyes of 20 dry eye patients. Corneal sensitivity thresholds to selective stimulation of corneal mechano-, thermal- and chemical receptors were measured using the Belmonte gas esthesiometer. All baseline measurements were repeated after 1 month of treatment with 0.15% zinc-hyaluronate. After 1 month, a significant decrease in mean OSDI score (from 35.66 ± 12.36 to 15.03 ± 11.22; P < 0.001) and a significant improvement in tear film breakup time (from 3.83 ± 0.80 to 8.67 ± 4.50 s; P < 0.001) was observed compared to baseline. Sensory responses during the interblink period also significantly decreased after 1 month (P < 0.004). Corneal sensitivity thresholds to mechanical stimulation (90.61 ± 20.35 vs. 103.92 ± 17.97 mL/min; P < 0.025) and chemical stimulation (33.21 ± 0.51 vs. 33.58% ± 0.44% CO 2 ; P < 0.025) significantly increased after 1 month, however sensitivity thresholds to thermal stimulation remained unchanged compared to baseline (P > 0.05). Prolonged use of 0.15% zinc-hyaluronate results in an improvement of tear film stability and a decrease of dry eye complaints. The decrease in corneal mechano-and polymodal receptor excitability suggests that zinc-hyaluronate helps to recover normal corneal sensitivity, and thus might have a beneficial additional effect on reducing ocular surface complaints in dry eye patients.

The treatment of vesicoureteral reflux in children by endoscopic sub-mucosal intra-ureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid: A case-series, multi-centre study.

PubMed

Bawazir, Osama

2017-04-01

Vesicoureteral reflux is a risk factor for progressive renal damage. In addition to long-term antibiotic prophylaxis and open surgical re-implantation, endoscopic sub-mucosal intra-ureteral injection of implant material is a therapeutic alternative that gained a world-wide preference. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness and safety of the implant material, dextranomer/hyaluronic acid, in a cohort of Saudi children with vesicoureteral reflux. In this case-series study, 61 patients with vesicoureteral reflux, who were 7 months to 10 years old (mean age 2.6 years), underwent sub-mucosal intra-ureteral injection of dextranomer/hyaluronic acid at our institutions in the period from October 2003 to October 2013. The operative protocol was the same in all institutions. Dextranomer/hyaluronic acid was injected submucosally within the intramural ureter (modified STING). Renal ultrasonography was performed to detect the presence of hydronephrosis. At 6 weeks' fluoroscopic voiding cystourethrograms were used to evaluate the success of the technique. Data were analysed by SPSS version 19 using Pearson Chi square, Fisher's Exact and Cramér's V test. Reflux was corrected in 44 patients out of 61 (72.13%) and in 60 (75.00%) out of 80 ureteric units. Statistically, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in success rate of the technique according to gender, age group and unilateral vs. bilateral cases. The success rate was significantly (p=0.025) higher in the lower grades (I-III) (87.50%) compared to grade IV (73.53%) and grade V (50.00%). No complications related to the technique were reported. The technique had failed in 17 patients (27.87%) or 20 ureters (25.00%). These cases underwent open surgery. Sub-mucosal intra-ureteral implantation with dextranomer/hyaluronic acid by the modified STING technique is a simple, safe and effective outpatient procedure for vesicoureteral reflux.

Exploring reasons for the observed inconsistent trial reports on intra-articular injections with hyaluronic acid in the treatment of osteoarthritis: Meta-regression analyses of randomized trials.

PubMed

Johansen, Mette; Bahrt, Henriette; Altman, Roy D; Bartels, Else M; Juhl, Carsten B; Bliddal, Henning; Lund, Hans; Christensen, Robin

2016-08-01

The aim was to identify factors explaining inconsistent observations concerning the efficacy of intra-articular hyaluronic acid compared to intra-articular sham/control, or non-intervention control, in patients with symptomatic osteoarthritis, based on randomized clinical trials (RCTs). A systematic review and meta-regression analyses of available randomized trials were conducted. The outcome, pain, was assessed according to a pre-specified hierarchy of potentially available outcomes. Hedges׳s standardized mean difference [SMD (95% CI)] served as effect size. REstricted Maximum Likelihood (REML) mixed-effects models were used to combine study results, and heterogeneity was calculated and interpreted as Tau-squared and I-squared, respectively. Overall, 99 studies (14,804 patients) met the inclusion criteria: Of these, only 71 studies (72%), including 85 comparisons (11,216 patients), had adequate data available for inclusion in the primary meta-analysis. Overall, compared with placebo, intra-articular hyaluronic acid reduced pain with an effect size of -0.39 [-0.47 to -0.31; P < 0.001], combining very heterogeneous trial findings (I(2) = 73%). The three most important covariates in reducing heterogeneity were overall risk of bias, blinding of personnel and trial size, reducing heterogeneity with 26%, 26%, and 25%, respectively (Interaction: P ≤ 0.001). Adjusting for publication/selective outcome reporting bias (by imputing "null effects") in 24 of the comparisons with no data available reduced the combined estimate to -0.30 [-0.36 to -0.23; P < 0.001] still in favor of hyaluronic acid. Based on available trial data, intra-articular hyaluronic acid showed a better effect than intra-articular saline on pain reduction in osteoarthritis. Publication bias and the risk of selective outcome reporting suggest only small clinical effect compared to saline. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

75 FR 15678 - Certain Purified Carboxymethylcellulose from the Netherlands: Extension of Time Limit for...

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2010-03-30

...) from the Netherlands. The period of review is July 1, 2008, through June 30, 2009. This extension is... Countervailing Duty Administrative Reviews and Requests for Revocation in Part, 74 FR 42873 (August 25, 2009). This review covers the period July 1, 2008, through June 30, 2009. The preliminary results for this...

76 FR 20313 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Mexico: Notice of Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

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2011-04-12

... examine stages in the marketing process and selling functions along the chain of distribution between the... the home market, Amtex identified two channels of distribution: End users (channel 1) and distributors (channel 2). See Amtex's Section A Response at A14. Amtex claimed a single level of trade in the home...

75 FR 33775 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Mexico: Notice of Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... sales, we examine stages in the marketing process and selling functions along the chain of distribution...-users and distributors in the United States. For the home market, Amtex identified two channels of distribution: end users (channel 1) and distributors (channel 2). See Amtex's Section A Response at A13. Amtex...

75 FR 73035 - Purified Carboxymethylcellulose From Finland; Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

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2010-11-29

... Results. The parties subject to this review are CP Kelco Oy and CP Kelco U.S., Inc. (collectively, CP... Tyler Weinhold, to the File, ``Analysis of Data Submitted by CP Kelco Oy and CP Kelco U.S. Inc. (collectively, CP Kelco) in the Preliminary Results of the 2008-2009 Administrative Review of Purified...