Sample records for solidification technical manual

  1. Analysis and calculation of macrosegregation in a casting ingot. MPS solidification model. Volume 3: Operating manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Maples, A. L.

    1980-01-01

    The operation of solidification model 1 is described. Model 1 calculates the macrosegregation in a rectangular ingot of a binary alloy as a result of horizontal axisymmetric bidirectional solidification. The calculation is restricted to steady-state solidification; there is no variation in final local average composition in the direction of isotherm movement. The physics of the model are given.

  2. Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gandin, Charles-Andre; Ratke, Lorenz

    2008-01-01

    The Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MSL-CETSOL and MICAST) are two investigations which supports research into metallurgical solidification, semiconductor crystal growth (Bridgman and zone melting), and measurement of thermo-physical properties of materials. This is a cooperative investigation with the European Space Agency (ESA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for accommodation and operation aboard the International Space Station (ISS). Research Summary: Materials Science Laboratory - Columnar-to-Equiaxed Transition in Solidification Processing (CETSOL) and Microstructure Formation in Casting of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MICAST) are two complementary investigations which will examine different growth patterns and evolution of microstructures during crystallization of metallic alloys in microgravity. The aim of these experiments is to deepen the quantitative understanding of the physical principles that govern solidification processes in cast alloys by directional solidification.

  3. SolTrack: an automatic video processing software for in situ interface tracking.

    PubMed

    Griesser, S; Pierer, R; Reid, M; Dippenaar, R

    2012-10-01

    High-Resolution in situ observation of solidification experiments has become a powerful technique to improve the fundamental understanding of solidification processes of metals and alloys. In the present study, high-temperature laser-scanning confocal microscopy (HTLSCM) was utilized to observe and capture in situ solidification and phase transformations of alloys for subsequent post processing and analysis. Until now, this analysis has been very time consuming as frame-by-frame manual evaluation of propagating interfaces was used to determine the interface velocities. SolTrack has been developed using the commercial software package MATLAB and is designed to automatically detect, locate and track propagating interfaces during solidification and phase transformations as well as to calculate interfacial velocities. Different solidification phenomena have been recorded to demonstrate a wider spectrum of applications of this software. A validation, through comparison with manual evaluation, is included where the accuracy is shown to be very high. © 2012 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2012 Royal Microscopical Society.

  4. Application of Solidification Theory to Rapid Solidification Processing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-09-01

    period were achieved in the following areas : Extended Solid Solubilities -- for Produetion of Alloys with New Compositions and Phases o At high growth... Areas where significant improvements In alloy properties can be produced by rapid solidification will be emphasized. Technical Problem and General...focussed on the science underlying areas where Improved materials can be obtained in order to provide such prediction and control. This work is both

  5. Some Pecularities of Solidification of the Almandine Impact Melt

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Feldman, V. I.; Kozlov, E. A.; Zhugin, Yu. N.

    1996-03-01

    SOME PECULIARITIES OF SOLIDIFICATION OF THE ALMANDINE IMPACT MELT. Feldman V.I. Moscow State University, Geological Faculty, Department of Petrology, 119899, Moscow, Russia. Kozlov E.A., Zhugin Yu.N. Russian Federal nuclear Center - Research Institute of Technical Physics, P.O.Box 245, 456770, Snezhinsk, Russia. The aim of these investigations is a description of the experiments and the first results of a loading of the garnet sand by spherical converging shock waves. These experiments show that impact liquid have by solidification three stage of liquid immiscibility.

  6. West Valley feasibility study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pirro, J.

    This report presents the results of a technical assessment of decontamination alternative prepared for the Western New York Nuclear Service Center (WNYNSC). The purpose of the assessment is to determine the recommended method for decontamination of cell surfaces and decontamination and removal of fuel reprocessing cell equipment to permit manual entry into the cells for the installation of waste solidification equipment. The primary cells of interest are the PMC, GPC, and CPC because they offer the largest usable volume for the solidification program. The secondary cells include XC-1, XC-2, XC-3 and the PPC which may be needed to support themore » solidification program. Five decontamination assessments were evaluated (A-E). The assessments included the estimated cost, occupational exposure, duration, manpower, waste volume generated, and final cell radiation levels achieved with the alternative decontamination methods. The methods varied from thorough destructive decontamination to equipment removal without decontamination followed by cell wall and floor decontamination. The recommended method for the primary cells is to utilize the remote manipulators and cranes to the maximum extent possible to decontaminate equipment and cell surfaces remotely, and to remove the equipment for temporary on-site storage. The recommended method for secondary cell decontamination is to remotely decontaminate the cells to the maximum extent possible prior to manned entry for contact-removal of the fuel reprocessing equipment (Assessment D). Assessment A is expected to cost $8,713,500 in 1980 dollars (including a 25% contingency) and will result in an occupational exposure of 180.3 manRem. Assessment D is expected to cost $11,039,800 and will result in an occupational exposure of 259 manRems.« less

  7. Kinetic Phase Diagrams of Ternary Al-Cu-Li System during Rapid Solidification: A Phase-Field Study

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Xiong; Zhang, Lijun; Sobolev, Sergey; Du, Yong

    2018-01-01

    Kinetic phase diagrams in technical alloys at different solidification velocities during rapid solidification are of great importance for guiding the novel alloy preparation, but are usually absent due to extreme difficulty in performing experimental measurements. In this paper, a phase-field model with finite interface dissipation was employed to construct kinetic phase diagrams in the ternary Al-Cu-Li system for the first time. The time-elimination relaxation scheme was utilized. The solute trapping phenomenon during rapid solidification could be nicely described by the phase-field simulation, and the results obtained from the experiment measurement and/or the theoretical model were also well reproduced. Based on the predicted kinetic phase diagrams, it was found that with the increase of interface moving velocity and/or temperature, the gap between the liquidus and solidus gradually reduces, which illustrates the effect of solute trapping and tendency of diffusionless solidification. PMID:29419753

  8. [Recent advance in solidification/stabilization technology for the remediation of heavy metals-contaminated soil].

    PubMed

    Hao, Han-zhou; Chen, Tong-bin; Jin, Meng-gui; Lei, Mei; Liu, Cheng-wu; Zu, Wen-pu; Huang, Li-mi

    2011-03-01

    Remediation of heavy metals-contaminated soil is still a difficulty and a hotspot of international research projects. At present, the technologies commonly adopted for the remediation of contaminated sites mainly include excavation, solidification/stabilization (S/S), soil washing, soil vapor extraction (SVE), thermal treatment, and bioremediation. Based on the S/S technical guidelines of Unite State Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and United Kingdom Environment Agency (EA) and the domestic and foreign patents, this paper introduced the concepts of S/S and its development status at home and abroad, and discussed its future development directions. Solidification refers to a process that binds contaminated media with a reagent, changing the media's physical properties via increasing its compressive strength, decreasing its permeability, and encapsulating the contaminants to form a solid material. Stabilization refers to the process that involves a chemical reaction which reduces the leachability of a waste, chemically immobilizes the waste and reduces its solubility, making the waste become less harmful or less mobile. S/S technology includes cement solidification, lime pozzolanic solidification, plastic materials stabilization, vitrification, and regent-based stabilization. Stabilization (or immobilization) treatment processes convert contaminants to less mobile forms through chemical or thermal interactions. In stabilization technology, the aim of adding agents is to change the soil physical and chemical properties through pH control technology, redox potential technology, precipitation techniques, adsorption technology, and ion-exchange technology that change the existing forms of heavy metals in soil, and thus, reduce the heavy metals bioavailability and mobility. This review also discussed the S/S evaluation methods, highlighted the need to enhance S/S technology in the molecular bonding, soil polymers, and formulation of China's S/S technical guidelines.

  9. Results of the technical exchange agreement between NASA and DuPont on the containerless drop tube solidification of NiAl3

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ethridge, E. C.; Curreri, P. A.; Kelly, M.

    1984-01-01

    The final results of the Drop Tube Solidification of NiAl3 are presented. Problems associated with the utilization of a dripper furnace in the drop tube are discussed and the modification of experimental procedures required to achieve results are described. Sample microstructures of drop tube samples are compared with other samples. The dendrite arm spacings of drop tube samples are correlated with the rapid cooling rates.

  10. SPAR X Technical Report for Experiment 76-22 Directional Solidification of Magnetic Composites

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bethin, J.

    1984-01-01

    The effects of gravity on Bridgman-Stockbarger directional solidification of off-eutectic Bi/MnBi were studied in reduced gravity aboard the SPAR X flight and compared to normal-gravity investigations and previous eutectic Bi/MnBi SPAR flight experiments. The directional solidification of off-eutectic Bi/MnBi results in either a dendritic structure connected with local cooperative growth or a coupled low volume fraction faceted/non faceted aligned rod eutectic whose Mn macrosegregation, MnBi rod size, interrod spacing, and thermal and magnetic properties are sensitive functions of the solidification processing conditions. Two hypoeutectic and two hypereutectic samples were solidified during 605 sec of furnace travel, with an initial 265 sec low-gravity interval. Comparison Earth-gravity samples were solidified in the same furance assembly under identical processing conditions. Macrosegregation in the low-g samples was consistent with a metastable increase in Mn solubility in the Bi matrix, in partial agreement with previous Bi/MnBi SPAR findings of MnBi volume reduction.

  11. Controlled Directional Solidification of Aluminum - 7 wt Percent Silicon Alloys: Comparison Between Samples Processed on Earth and in the Microgravity Environment Aboard the International Space Station

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grugel, Richard N.; Tewari, Surendra N.; Erdman, Robert G.; Poirier, David R.

    2012-01-01

    An overview of the international "MIcrostructure Formation in CASTing of Technical Alloys" (MICAST) program is given. Directional solidification processing of metals and alloys is described, and why experiments conducted in the microgravity environment aboard the International Space Station (ISS) are expected to promote our understanding of this commercially relevant practice. Microstructural differences observed when comparing the aluminum - 7 wt% silicon alloys directionally solidified on Earth to those aboard the ISS are presented and discussed.

  12. Experimental Studies of Heat-Transfer Behavior at a Casting/Water-Cooled-Mold Interface and Solution of the Heat-Transfer Coefficient

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeng, Y. D.; Wang, F.

    2018-02-01

    In this paper, we propose an experimental model for forming an air gap at the casting/mold interface during the solidification process of the casting, with the size and formation time of the air gap able to be precisely and manually controlled. Based on this model, experiments of gravity casting were performed, and on the basis of the measured temperatures at different locations inside the casting and the mold, the inverse analysis method of heat transfer was applied to solve for the heat-transfer coefficient at the casting/mold interface during the solidification process. Furthermore, the impacts of the width and formation time of the air gap on the interface heat-transfer coefficient (IHTC) were analyzed. The results indicate that the experimental model succeeds in forming an air gap having a certain width at any moment during solidification of the casting, thus allowing us to conveniently and accurately study the impact of the air gap on IHTC using the model. In addition, the casting/mold IHTC is found to first rapidly decrease as the air gap forms and then slowly decrease as the solidification process continues. Moreover, as the width of the air gap and the formation time of the air gap increase, the IHTC decreases.

  13. Test Technical Manual 2014 GED® Test

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    GED Testing Service, 2014

    2014-01-01

    This manual was written to provide technical information regarding the General Educational Development (GED®) test as evidence that the GED® test is technically sound. Throughout this manual, documentation is provided regarding the development of the GED® test and data collection activities, as well as evidence of reliability and validity. This…

  14. Technical Manual. The ACT®

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    ACT, Inc., 2014

    2014-01-01

    This manual contains technical information about the ACT® college readiness assessment. The principal purpose of this manual is to document the technical characteristics of the ACT in light of its intended purposes. ACT regularly conducts research as part of the ongoing formative evaluation of its programs. The research is intended to ensure that…

  15. ACT Plan: Technical Manual. 2013/2014

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    ACT, Inc., 2013

    2013-01-01

    This manual contains information about the American College Test (ACT) Plan® program. The principal focus of this manual is to document the Plan program's technical adequacy in light of its intended purposes. This manual supersedes the 2011 edition. The content of this manual responds to requirements of the testing industry as established in the…

  16. Pennsylvania Blue Shield Job Linked Skills Program. Teacher's Manual [and] Technical Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park. Inst. for the Study of Adult Literacy.

    Two closely related publications from the same project, a Teacher's Manual" and a "Technical Manual", are combined here. These manuals are intended to accompany a work force literacy course designed to meet the basic skills needs of midliterate adults employed or preparing for employment in the health insurance industry.…

  17. Preparation of silicon target material by adding Al-B master alloy in directional solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Pengting; Wang, Kai; Ren, Shiqiang; Jiang, Dachuan; Tan, Yi

    2017-03-01

    The silicon target material was prepared by adding Al-6B master alloy in directional solidification. The microstructure was characterized and the resistivity was studied in this work. The results showed that the purity of the silicon target material was more than 99.999% (5N). The resistivity was ranges from 0.002 to 0.030 Ω·cm along the ingot height. It was revealed that the particles of AlB2 in Al-6B master alloy would react spontaneously and generate clusters of [B] and [Al] in molten silicon at 1723 K. After directional solidification, the content of B and Al were increasing gradually with the increase of solidified fraction. The measured values of B were in good agreement with the curve of the Scheil equation below 80% of the ingot height. The mean concentration of B was about 17.20 ppmw and the mean concentration of Al was about 8.07 ppmw after directional solidification. The measured values of Al were fitting well with the curve of values which the effective segregation coefficient was 0.00378. It was observed that B co-doped Al in directional solidification polysilicon could regulate resistivity mutually. This work provides the theoretical basis and technical support for industrial production of the silicon target material.

  18. 78 FR 22367 - Proposed Information Collection (Service Data Manual) Activity: Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-15

    ... technical medical equipment and devices or mechanical equipment. DATES: Written comments and recommendations... manuals and maintenance/repair manuals when technical medical equipment and devices, or mechanical...

  19. Technical Manual: 2002 Series GED Tests

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ezzelle, Carol; Setzer, J. Carl

    2009-01-01

    This manual was written to provide technical information regarding the 2002 Series GED (General Educational Development) Tests. Throughout this manual, documentation is provided regarding the development of the GED Tests, data collection activities, as well as reliability and validity evidence. The purpose of this manual is to provide evidence…

  20. Automated directional solidification system for space processing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mccreight, L. R. (Compiler)

    1981-01-01

    The system is to be used under low gravity conditions aboard a sounding rocket. Two complete flight qualified units, each of which includes four individually controllable furnaces capable of operation to as high as 1600 C, were developed with operating and control panels, associated cables, tools, and some spare supplies. Drawings, operating manuals, a user's computer program and reports and papers describing the work and equipment are presented.

  1. The Interactive Electronic Technical Manual: Requirements, Current Status, and Implementation. Strategy Considerations.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-07-01

    authoring systems. Concurrently, great strides in computer-aided design and computer-aided maintenance have contributed to this capability. 12 Junod ...J.; William A. Nugent; and L. John Junod . Plan for the Navy/Air Force Test of the Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) at Cecil Field...AFHRL Logistics and Human Factors Division, WPAFB. Aug 1990. 12. Junod , John L. PY90 Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) Portable Delivery

  2. Pollutant Assessments Group procedures manual: Volume 2, Technical procedures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-03-01

    This is volume 2 of the manuals that describes the technical procedures currently in use by the Pollution Assessments Group. This manual incorporates new developments in hazardous waste assessment technology and administrative policy. Descriptions of the equipment, procedures and operations of such things as radiation detection, soil sampling, radionuclide monitoring, and equipment decontamination are included in this manual. (MB)

  3. TADS Needs Assessment Procedures Manual, Summer 1980.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Black, Talbot; And Others

    The TADS (Technical Assistance Development System) Needs Assessment Manual is designed to guide the comprehensive review of Handicapped Children's Early Education Program (HCEEP) demonstration projects in identifying technical assistance needs. An introduction reviews the TADS technical assistance model which includes program planning, needs…

  4. Improving Sex Equity in Postsecondary Vocational/Technical Programs: A Resource Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lovelace, Bill E.; And Others

    This manual was developed to assist postsecondary administrators, faculty, staff, and students by providing materials specifically designed to eliminate sex bias and stereotyping of students and to recruit students into nontraditional careers and vocational-technical programs. The manual is organized in six sections. The first section introduces…

  5. Solidification of Dredged Sludge by Hydraulic Ash-Slag Cementitious Materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Shu-Jing; Qin, Ying; Hwang, Jiann-Yang

    Solidification treatment is used to treat hazardous wastes for disposal and to remediate the contaminated land. It is an increasingly popular technology for redevelopment of brown fields since treated wastes can often be left on-site, which can improve the site's soil for subsequent construction. In order to find home for the dredged sludge from the Pearl River Estuary Channel in China, the potential uses of treated dredged sludge by solidification treatment as valuable structural fill was investigated. Structure fills were prepared under various formula and curing conditions. Modulus of elasticity was detemined at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days with different types of load application. Atterberg limit, compactibility and CBR values are reported. The relationship between the microstructure and engineering properties of treated sludge are examined. The results clearly show the technical benefits by stabilizing soft soils with Hydraulic ash-slag cementitious materials. XRD and DTA-TG tests were carried out on certain samples to characterize the hydraulic compounds formed.

  6. The Scoop on Good Humor.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pieper, Gail W.

    1987-01-01

    Recommends teaching about the uses of humor in technical writing classes by using computer user manuals. Suggests that humor has a place in technical communication, particularly in computer manuals, where new users' apprehension must be reduced, heavy technical points need clarification, and warnings and cautions should be reinforced. (SKC)

  7. Economic Evaluation of Building Design, Construction, Operation and Maintenance. Instructor's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ruegg, Rosalie T.; Marshall, Harold E.

    This instructor's manual describes each section of a 3-day technical seminar on how to measure the economic impact of alternative designs, systems, and operation and maintenance strategies in federal buildings. The manual was prepared to help instructors of the General Services Administration conduct technically sound and comprehensive seminars.…

  8. Value Engineering. Technical Manual. School Facilities Development Procedures Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Washington Office of the State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Olympia.

    Value Engineering (VE) is a cost-optimizing technique used to analyze design quality and cost-effectiveness. The application of VE procedures to the design and construction of school facilities has been adopted by the state of Washington. This technical manual provides guidance in developing the scope and applicability of VE to school projects; in…

  9. SHEDS-Dietary Technical Manual Appendices

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The appendices for the SHEDS-Dietary Technical Manual include a sample food diary, backgorund information on the water concentration data used in SHEDS-Dietary, a food list, food definitions and sample code.

  10. Experimental investigation of CO2 condensation process using cryogen

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Cheonkyu; Yoo, Junghyun; Lee, Jisung; Park, Hana; Jeong, Sangkwon

    2014-01-01

    Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the dominant gas molecules that causes greenhouse effect, i.e. global warming. Numerous studies have been carried out to regulate the emission of CO2 to reduce greenhouse gas. The liquid CO2 is a convenient form of transportation compared to high-pressurized gaseous CO2. Therefore, the direct liquefaction mechanism of CO2 at low temperature draws technical attention recently. In particular, cold thermal energy of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) could be a candidate to condense gaseous CO2, especially in the LNG powered ship. In this paper, the detailed direct condensation process of CO2 using LN2 with intermittent solidification is investigated. Pressurized CO2 at 600 kPa is directly liquefied in a vessel by liquid nitrogen which is supplied into the coiled tube heat exchanger inside the CO2 vessel. The heat exchanger temperature is controlled from 130 K to 205 K to regulate the solidification and sublimation of CO2 by duty control with cryogenic solenoid valve. The characteristics of CO2 condensation process with cryogen are analyzed from the measurement results. The results show that the solidification causes the significant degradation of CO2 condensation heat transfer. Finally, the condensation rate with and without solidification is compared.

  11. Riser Feeding Evaluation Method for Metal Castings Using Numerical Analysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahmad, Nadiah

    One of the design aspects that continues to create a challenge for casting designers is the optimum design of casting feeders (risers). As liquid metal solidifies, the metal shrinks and forms cavities inside the casting. In order to avoid shrinkage cavities, risers are added to the casting shape to supply additional molten metal when shrinkage occurs during solidification. The shrinkage cavities in the casting are compensated by controlling the cooling rate to promote directional solidification. This control can be achieved by designing the casting such that the cooling begins at the sections that are farthest away from the risers and ends at the risers. Therefore, the risers will solidify last and feed the casting with the molten metal. As a result, the shrinkage cavities formed during solidification are in the risers which are later removed from the casting. Since casting designers have to usually go through iterative processes of validating the casting designs which are very costly due to expensive simulation processes or manual trials and errors on actual casting processes, this study investigates more efficient methods that will help casting designers utilize their casting experiences systematically to develop good initial casting designs. The objective is to reduce the casting design method iterations; therefore, reducing the cost involved in that design processes. The aim of this research aims at finding a method that can help casting designers design effective risers used in sand casting process of aluminum-silicon alloys by utilizing the analysis of solidification simulation. The analysis focuses on studying the significance of pressure distribution of the liquid metal at the early stage of casting solidification, when heat transfer and convective fluid flow are taken into account in the solidification simulation. The mathematical model of casting solidification was solved using the finite volume method (FVM). This study focuses to improve our understanding of the feeding behavior in aluminum-silicon alloys and the effective feeding by considering the pressure gradient distribution of the molten metal at casting dendrite coherency point. For this study, we will identify the relationship between feeding efficiency, shrinkage behavior and how the change in riser size affects the pressure gradient in the casting. This understanding will be used to help in the design of effective risers.

  12. Web-Based Interactive Electronic Technical Manual (IETM) Common User Interface Style Guide, Version 2.0

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-07-01

    Technical Report WEB-BASED INTERACTIVE ELECTRONIC TECHNICAL MANUAL (IETM) COMMON USER INTERFACE STYLE GUIDE Version 2.0 – July 2003 by L. John Junod ...ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The principal authors of this document were: John Junod – NSWC, Carderock Division, Phil Deuell – AMSEC LLC, Kathleen Moore

  13. Technical Manual: easyCBM. Technical Report #1408

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Anderson, Daniel; Alonzo, Julie; Tindal, Gerald; Farley, Dan; Irvin, P. Shawn; Lai, Cheng-Fei; Saven, Jessica L.; Wray, Kraig A.

    2014-01-01

    Since the easyCBM© learning system was first published in 2006, over $8 million of federal funding (both from the Office of Special Education Programs and more recently from the Institute of Education Sciences) has been used to develop, study, and refine the assessments available on the system. This Technical Manual summarizes the ongoing research…

  14. 75 FR 15423 - U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Technical Evaluation Report for the Phase 1 Decommissioning...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-29

    ... DOE to carry out a high-level radioactive waste management demonstration project at the Western New... solidification of high-level radioactive waste for disposal in a Federal repository for permanent disposal. The... and other facilities where the solidified high-level radioactive waste was stored, the facilities used...

  15. Cost-Benefit Analysis of a Bridge to Integrate the Management of Technical Information for Producing Technical Manuals and Training Courses

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-11-01

    Philadelphia, and all Computer-Based Training (CBT) courses delivered by Navy eLearning (NeL), a part of the Naval Education and Training Command (NETC...concentrated exclu- sively on the benefit side—whether the Bridge would save money in producing future technical manuals and training courses. It...of $78.1 million in 10-year costs: a savings of $86.8 million in producing future HM&E manuals and NeL-delivered courses less $8.7 million in

  16. Control technology appendices for pollution control technical manuals. Final report, June 1982-February 1983

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1983-04-01

    The document is one of six technical handbooks prepared by EPA to help government officials granting permits to build synfuels facilities, synfuels process developers, and other interested parties. They provide technical data on waste streams from synfuels facilities and technologies capable of controlling them. Process technologies covered in the manuals include coal gasification, coal liquefaction by direct and idirect processing, and the extraction of oil from shale. The manuals offer no regulatory guidance, allowing the industry flexibility in deciding how best to comply with environmental regulations.

  17. Writing Performance Goals: Strategy and Prototypes. A Manual for Vocational and Technical Educators.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY. Gregg Div.

    The result of a cooperative project of the Center for Vocational and Technical Education at the Ohio State University and the McGraw-Hill Book Company, this manual was prepared to develop prototypes of performance goals for use by curriculum specialists and developers of instructional materials in vocational and technical education and to provide…

  18. Technical Manual for the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series II: Cutting Tool. Technical Report No. 435. Reprinted December 1977.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DiLuzio, Geneva J.; And Others

    This document accompanies Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series II: Cutting Tool, a test constructed to chart the conceptual development of individuals. As a technical manual, it contains information on the rationale, development, standardization, and reliability of the test, as well as essential information and statistical data…

  19. Technical Manual for the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series IV: Tree. Technical Report No. 437. Reprinted December 1977.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DiLuzio, Geneva J.; And Others

    This document accompanies the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series III: Tree, a test constructed to chart the conceptual development of individuals. As a technical manual, it contains information on the rationale, development, standardization, and reliability of the test, as well as essential information and statistical data for…

  20. Technical Manual for the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series II: Equilateral Triangle. Technical Report No. 434. Reprinted December 1977.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DiLuzio, Geneva J.; And Others

    This document accompanies the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series I: Equilateral Triangle, a test constructed to chart the conceptual developemnt of individuals. As a technical manual, it contains information on the rationale, development, standardization, and reliability of the test, as well as essential information and…

  1. Technical Manual for the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series III: Noun. Technical Report No. 436. Reprinted December 1977.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DiLuzio, Geneva J.; And Others

    This document accompanies the Conceptual Learning and Development Assessment Series IV: Noun, a test constructed to chart the conceptual development of individuals. As a technical manual, it contains information on the rationale, development, standardization, and reliability of the test, as well as essential information and statistical data for…

  2. FHWA Traffic Noise Model, version 1.0 technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-02-01

    This Technical Manual is for the Federal Highway Administrations Traffic Noise Model (FHWA TNM), Version 1.0 -- the FHWAs computer program for highway traffic noise prediction and analysis. Two companion reports, a Users Guide and a data r...

  3. NASA Hydrogen Peroxide Propellant Hazards Technical Manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, David L.; Greene, Ben; Frazier, Wayne

    2005-01-01

    The Fire, Explosion, Compatibility and Safety Hazards of Hydrogen Peroxide NASA technical manual was developed at the NASA Johnson Space Center White Sands Test Facility. NASA Technical Memorandum TM-2004-213151 covers topics concerning high concentration hydrogen peroxide including fire and explosion hazards, material and fluid reactivity, materials selection information, personnel and environmental hazards, physical and chemical properties, analytical spectroscopy, specifications, analytical methods, and material compatibility data. A summary of hydrogen peroxide-related accidents, incidents, dose calls, mishaps and lessons learned is included. The manual draws from art extensive literature base and includes recent applicable regulatory compliance documentation. The manual may be obtained by United States government agencies from NASA Johnson Space Center and used as a reference source for hazards and safe handling of hydrogen peroxide.

  4. Battery Test Manual For Electric Vehicles, Revision 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Christophersen, Jon P.

    2015-06-01

    This battery test procedure manual was prepared for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office. It is based on technical targets for commercial viability established for energy storage development projects aimed at meeting system level DOE goals for Electric Vehicles (EV). The specific procedures defined in this manual support the performance and life characterization of advanced battery devices under development for EVs. However, it does share some methods described in the previously published battery test manual for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. Due to the complexity of some of themore » procedures and supporting analysis, future revisions including some modifications and clarifications of these procedures are expected. As in previous battery and capacitor test manuals, this version of the manual defines testing methods for full-size battery systems, along with provisions for scaling these tests for modules, cells or other subscale level devices. The DOE-United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) supported the development of the manual. Technical Team points of contact responsible for its development and revision are Chul Bae of Ford Motor Company and Jon P. Christophersen of the Idaho National Laboratory. The development of this manual was funded by the Unites States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. Technical direction from DOE was provided by David Howell, Energy Storage R&D Manager and Hybrid Electric Systems Team Leader. Comments and questions regarding the manual should be directed to Jon P. Christophersen at the Idaho National Laboratory (jon.christophersen@inl.gov).« less

  5. Writing Clinic for Business and Technical Writers.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mercer County Community Coll., Trenton, NJ.

    This document offers brief lesson plans for four courses: (1) an 8-hour refresher course for employees who write memos, short reports, and letters; (2) an 8-hour refresher course on creating a short document; (3) a 16-hour course on technical manual writing; and (4) an 8-hour course on technical manual writing. The courses were part of a workplace…

  6. Experimental investigation of CO{sub 2} condensation process using cryogen

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Cheonkyu; Yoo, Junghyun; Lee, Jisung

    2014-01-29

    Carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) is one of the dominant gas molecules that causes greenhouse effect, i.e. global warming. Numerous studies have been carried out to regulate the emission of CO{sub 2} to reduce greenhouse gas. The liquid CO{sub 2} is a convenient form of transportation compared to high-pressurized gaseous CO{sub 2}. Therefore, the direct liquefaction mechanism of CO{sub 2} at low temperature draws technical attention recently. In particular, cold thermal energy of Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) could be a candidate to condense gaseous CO{sub 2}, especially in the LNG powered ship. In this paper, the detailed direct condensation process ofmore » CO{sub 2} using LN{sub 2} with intermittent solidification is investigated. Pressurized CO{sub 2} at 600 kPa is directly liquefied in a vessel by liquid nitrogen which is supplied into the coiled tube heat exchanger inside the CO{sub 2} vessel. The heat exchanger temperature is controlled from 130 K to 205 K to regulate the solidification and sublimation of CO{sub 2} by duty control with cryogenic solenoid valve. The characteristics of CO{sub 2} condensation process with cryogen are analyzed from the measurement results. The results show that the solidification causes the significant degradation of CO{sub 2} condensation heat transfer. Finally, the condensation rate with and without solidification is compared.« less

  7. Training Manuals and Technical Publications.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Army Test and Evaluation Command, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD.

    The objective of the Materiel Test Procedure is to describe methods for determining the need for adequacy of comprehensiveness, and clarity of training manuals and technical publications (or other pertinent types of literature) relating to the ammunition or ammunition components being tested. (Author)

  8. Research reports: 1985 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Karr, G. R. (Editor); Osborn, T. L. (Editor); Dozier, J. B. (Editor); Freeman, L. M. (Editor)

    1986-01-01

    A compilation of 40 technical reports on research conducted by participants in the 1985 NASA/ASEE Summer Faculty Fellowship Program at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is given. Weibull density functions, reliability analysis, directional solidification, space stations, jet stream, fracture mechanics, composite materials, orbital maneuvering vehicles, stellar winds and gamma ray bursts are among the topics discussed.

  9. A comparison of the technical sustainability of in situ stabilisation/solidification with disposal to landfill.

    PubMed

    Harbottle, M J; Al-Tabbaa, A; Evans, C W

    2007-03-15

    Sustainability is becoming a very important issue in contaminated land remediation and should form one of the factors used in future selection of treatment technologies. In situ stabilisation/solidification (S/S) is a remediation technique that is increasingly being applied to the treatment of contaminated sites because of numerous advantages over other remediation techniques. This paper assesses and compares aspects of the technical sustainability of in situ S/S with landfilling. Criteria previously established for the assessment of the technical sustainability of the remediation of contaminated land are employed. The comparison is presented in the form of a case study based on a real remediation project in the UK. The analysis indicated that landfilling had a larger impact than S/S in the majority of areas investigated, such as waste production (1000 kg waste/t soil remediated for landfilling compared to none for S/S), transportation (12.9 km/t for landfilling, 0.4 km/t for S/S) and use of raw materials (1005.5 kg/t for landfilling, 88.9 kg/t for S/S), although S/S had high greenhouse gas emissions (12.6 kg/t for landfilling, 40.9 kg/t for S/S). In addition, a multi-criteria/cost-effectiveness analysis gave cost effectiveness scores of -34.2 to S/S and -138.1 to landfill (where more positive is better).

  10. U.S. Department of Energy Vehicle Technologies Program: Battery Test Manual For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Christophersen, Jon P.

    2014-09-01

    This battery test procedure manual was prepared for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office. It is based on technical targets for commercial viability established for energy storage development projects aimed at meeting system level DOE goals for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). The specific procedures defined in this manual support the performance and life characterization of advanced battery devices under development for PHEV’s. However, it does share some methods described in the previously published battery test manual for power-assist hybrid electric vehicles. Due to the complexity of somemore » of the procedures and supporting analysis, future revisions including some modifications and clarifications of these procedures are expected. As in previous battery and capacitor test manuals, this version of the manual defines testing methods for full-size battery systems, along with provisions for scaling these tests for modules, cells or other subscale level devices. The DOE-United States Advanced Battery Consortium (USABC), Technical Advisory Committee (TAC) supported the development of the manual. Technical Team points of contact responsible for its development and revision are Renata M. Arsenault of Ford Motor Company and Jon P. Christophersen of the Idaho National Laboratory. The development of this manual was funded by the Unites States Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office. Technical direction from DOE was provided by David Howell, Energy Storage R&D Manager and Hybrid Electric Systems Team Leader. Comments and questions regarding the manual should be directed to Jon P. Christophersen at the Idaho National Laboratory (jon.christophersen@inl.gov).« less

  11. NUTRIENT CRITERIA TECHNICAL GUIDANCE MANUAL - ESTUARINE AND COASTAL MARINE WATERS, OCTOBER 2001

    EPA Science Inventory

    Nutrient overenrichment is a major cause of water pollution in the United States. The purpose of this manual is to provide scientifically defensible technical guidance to assist States, authorized Tribes, and other governmental entities in developing numeric nutrient criteria fo...

  12. Amplification in Technical Manuals: Theory and Practice.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Killingsworth, M. Jimmie; And Others

    1989-01-01

    Examines how amplification (rhetorical techniques by which discourse is extended to enhance its appeal and information value) tends to increase and improve the coverage, rationale, warnings, behavioral alternatives, examples, previews, and general emphasis of technical manuals. Shows how classical and modern rhetorical theories can be applied to…

  13. HIGHLIGHTS FROM TECHNICAL MANUAL ON HOOD SYSTEM CAPTURE OF PROCESS FUGITIVE PARTICULATE EMISSIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The paper discusses a technical manual whose emphasis is on the design and evaluation of actual hood systems used to control various fugitive particulate emission sources. Engineering analyses of the most important hood types are presented to provide a conceptual understanding of...

  14. A Comparison of Robotically Assisted Microsurgery versus Manual Microsurgery in Challenging Situations.

    PubMed

    Willems, Joost I P; Shin, Alexandra M; Shin, Delaney M; Bishop, Allen T; Shin, Alexander Y

    2016-04-01

    Microsurgery can be challenging secondary to orientation of the vessels, accessibility, or depth of the wound. Robotically assisted microsurgery reduces tremors and improves visualization and may improve the quality of anastomosis compared with traditional microsurgery. The purpose of this study was to compare robotically assisted microsurgery to traditional microsurgery in technically challenging situations with respect to time of anastomosis, quality of anastomosis, and Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills. Two investigators with no prior surgery or microsurgery experience performed 160 anastomoses on artificial microvessels after undergoing standardized traditional and robotically assisted microsurgery courses. Five different exposure groups were created with depths of 0, 10, and 20 cm and sidewall angles of 20 and 30 degrees. A comparison of 80 manual with 80 robotically assisted microsurgery anastomoses in different exposure groups was undertaken. The modified Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scoring system, duration per anastomosis, and a subjective comfort scale were evaluated. In the most difficult exposure, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scores were similar in both groups (p = 0.98), the duration was higher in the manual group (p = 0.004), and the subjective comfort rating was higher in the robotically assisted microsurgery group (p < 0.001). In the easiest (0-cm depth, flat) exposure, Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scores were higher in the manual group (p = 0.018) and the duration was longer in the robotically assisted microsurgery group (p = 0.008). Manual surgery was superior to robotically assisted microsurgery in technically easy exposures. In difficult exposures (greater depth and lower sidewall angles), however, robotically assisted microsurgery had a shorter surgery time and a higher comfort rating, with Objective Structured Assessment of Technical Skills scores similar to those assessing traditional microsurgery. Therapeutic, V.

  15. Conversion of paper-based technical manuals to interactive electronic technical manuals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kuo, Mu-Hsing

    1999-12-01

    An IETM is intended to be the functional equivalent of a paper-based Technical Manual (TM), and in most cases a total replacement for paper manual. In this paper, we will describe some of document image understanding technologies applied to the conversion of paper-based TMs to IETMs. Using these advanced technologies allow us to convert paper-based TMs to class 1/2 IETMs. However, these were not sufficient for an automated integrated logistics support system in the ROC Department of Defense. An advanced IETM system is therefore required. Such class 4/5 like IETM system could provide intelligent display of information and other user applications such as diagnostics, intelligent design and manufacturing, or computer-managed training. The author has developed some of the advanced functions, and examples will be shown to demonstrate the new aspect of IETMs.

  16. Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference-NASARC (version 4.0) technical manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whyte, Wayne A., Jr.; Heyward, Ann O.; Ponchak, Denise S.; Spence, Rodney L.; Zuzek, John E.

    1988-01-01

    The information contained in the NASARC (Version 4.0) Technical Manual and NASARC (Version 4.0) User's Manual relates to the Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference (NASARC) software development through November 1, 1988. The Technical Manual describes the NASARC concept and the algorithms used to implement the concept. The User's Manual provides information on computer system considerations, installation instructions, description of input files, and program operation instructions. Significant revisions were incorporated in the Version 4.0 software over prior versions. These revisions have further enhanced the modeling capabilities of the NASARC procedure and provide improved arrangements of predetermined arcs within the geostationary orbits. Array dimensions within the software were structured to fit within the currently available 12 megabyte memory capacity of the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) computer facility. A piecewise approach to predetermined arc generation in NASARC (Version 4.0) allows worldwide planning problem scenarios to be accommodated within computer run time and memory constraints with enhanced likelihood and ease of solution.

  17. The Job Training and Job Satisfaction Survey Technical Manual

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schmidt, Steven W.

    2004-01-01

    Job training has become an important aspect of an employee's overall job experience. However, it is not often called out specifically on instruments measuring job satisfaction. This technical manual details the processes used in the development and validation of a survey instrument to measure job training satisfaction and overall job…

  18. Emergency Care Skills for Occupational Health Nurses.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh. Occupational Information Center.

    Designed for use in community colleges, technical colleges, and technical institutes, this manual contains a course for teaching emergency care skills to both licensed practical and registered nurses employed in occupational health. The manual consists of three sections. In section 1 the need for the course, its content, objectives, length,…

  19. Improvement of mathematical models for simulation of vehicle handling : volume 7 : technical manual for the general simulation

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1980-03-01

    This volume is the technical manual for the general simulation. Mathematical modelling of the vehicle and of the human driver is presented in detail, as are differences between the APL simulation and the current one. Information on model validation a...

  20. 29 CFR 1952.372 - Completion of developmental steps and certification.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Manual and Industrial Hygiene Field Operations Manual. The State has adopted subsequent Federal changes... intent to utilize and adopt the March 30, 1984 Federal Industrial Hygiene Technical Manual. These...

  1. The NASA/MSFC global reference atmospheric model: 1990 version (GRAM-90). Part 1: Technical/users manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Justus, C. G.; Alyea, F. N.; Cunnold, D. M.; Jeffries, W. R., III; Johnson, D. L.

    1991-01-01

    A technical description of the NASA/MSFC Global Reference Atmospheric Model 1990 version (GRAM-90) is presented with emphasis on the additions and new user's manual descriptions of the program operation aspects of the revised model. Some sample results for the new middle atmosphere section and comparisons with results from a three dimensional circulation model are provided. A programmer's manual with more details for those wishing to make their own GRAM program adaptations is also presented.

  2. AGOR 28: SIO Shipyard Representative Bi-Weekly Progress Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-03-13

    652/0 AGOR27 A055 TM Report - COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL MANUALS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA ( #368 DI-055 (TM) for 555c Kidde Fire Systems Fuel Shunt System ...TM) for 521 Fire Main System High-Level Manual) (R/ASR) 763/0 AGOR27 A055 TM Report - COMMERCIAL TECHNICAL MANUALS AND SUPPLEMENTAL DATA ( #384...Report - SINGLE SYSTEM VENDOR (SSV) DESIGN REVIEW AGENDAS AND MINUTES ( SSV #7 MINUTES AND SIGN-IN SHEET) (R/ASR) 47/0 AGOR27 A027- 41 DWG Report

  3. SEE Action Guide for States: Guidance on Establishing and Maintaining Technical Reference Manuals for Energy Efficiency Measures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None

    2017-06-01

    The goal of this guide is to support the development, maintenance, and use of accurate and reliable Technical Reference Manuals (TRMs). TRMs provide information primarily used for estimating the energy and demand savings of end-use energy efficiency measures associated with utility customer-funded efficiency programs.

  4. An Information and Technical Manual for the Computer-Assisted Teacher Training System (CATTS).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Semmel, Melvyn I.; And Others

    The manual presents technical information on the computer assisted teacher training system (CATTS) which aims at developing a versatile and economical computer based teacher training system with the capability of providing immediate analysis and feedback of data relevant to teacher pupil transactions in a classroom setting. The physical…

  5. Metric Supplement to Technical Drawing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Henschel, Mark

    This manual is intended for use in training persons whose vocations involve technical drawing to use the metric system of measurement. It could be used in a short course designed for that purpose or for individual study. The manual begins with a brief discussion of the rationale for conversion to the metric system. It then provides a…

  6. Financing Options for Home Care for Children with Chronic Illness and Severe Disability. Technical Assistance Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ellison, Marsha Langer; And Others

    This manual is intended to accompany technical assistance efforts aimed at improving selected states' home health care programs for children with chronic illness and severe disability. Summary descriptions of funding sources are presented, including purpose, eligibility guidelines, and services covered, as well as additional information as…

  7. Utah's Best Project: Behavioral and Educational Strategies for Teachers. Technical Assistance Manuals, Edited Versions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Reavis, H. Kenton, Ed.; And Others

    The 10 Technical Assistance Manuals compiled in this document were produced under cooperative agreements between the Utah State Office of Education and several school districts. Each module, an entity unto itself, is designed to assist classroom teachers with developing behavioral and educational strategies, concentrating on the objectives,…

  8. Performance Problems in Service Contracting

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-01-01

    technical manual for the U.S. Army. Contract types have run the gamut from firm fixed price to various forms of cost plus arrangements, and award has been...in a National Forest to producing a technical manual for the U.S. Army. Contract types have run the gamut from firm fixed price to various forms of

  9. Marketing information: The technical report as product

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stoher, F. F.; Pinelli, T. E.

    1981-01-01

    Technical reports constitute a product, the primary means for communicating the results of research to the user. The Langley scientific and technical information (STI) review and evaluation project undertook a review of the technical report as an effective product for information communication. Style manuals describing theory and practice in technical report preparation; publication manuals covering such factors as design, layout, and type style; and copies of technical reports were obtained from industrial, academic, governmental, and research organizations. Based on an analysis of this material, criteria will be established for the report components, for the relationship of the components within the report context, and for the overall report organization. The criteria will be used as bench marks and compared with the publication standards currently used to prepare NASA technical reports.

  10. Numerical arc segmentation algorithm for a radio conference-NASARC (version 2.0) technical manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whyte, Wayne A., Jr.; Heyward, Ann O.; Ponchak, Denise S.; Spence, Rodney L.; Zuzek, John E.

    1987-01-01

    The information contained in the NASARC (Version 2.0) Technical Manual (NASA TM-100160) and NASARC (Version 2.0) User's Manual (NASA TM-100161) relates to the state of NASARC software development through October 16, 1987. The Technical Manual describes the Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference (NASARC) concept and the algorithms used to implement the concept. The User's Manual provides information on computer system considerations, installation instructions, description of input files, and program operating instructions. Significant revisions have been incorporated in the Version 2.0 software. These revisions have enhanced the modeling capabilities of the NASARC procedure while greatly reducing the computer run time and memory requirements. Array dimensions within the software have been structured to fit within the currently available 6-megabyte memory capacity of the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) computer facility. A piecewise approach to predetermined arc generation in NASARC (Version 2.0) allows worldwide scenarios to be accommodated within these memory constraints while at the same time effecting an overall reduction in computer run time.

  11. Jobsite Supervisor Instructor's Manual for Electrical Apprentice Technical Training. Revised to Meet 1978 Electrical Code.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

    One hundred and sixteen lesson plans for a first, second, third and fourth year electrical apprentice technical training program are presented in this manual. The lesson plans are generally organized into four steps: introducing the lesson, presenting the lessons (e.g., demonstration), student application (use of worksheets), and checking and…

  12. [Manual rotation of occiput posterior presentation].

    PubMed

    Le Ray, C; Goffinet, F

    2011-10-01

    Delivery in occiput posterior position is associated with a higher risk of cesarean section, operative vaginal delivery and severe perineal tears. We report the technic of manual rotation described by Tarnier and Chantreuil and used daily in our maternity center. Only five studies were published on this topic; all of them demonstrate that manual rotation decreases the risk of cesarean section. Moreover, it could decrease the risk of prolonged second stage, chorioamnionitis and third and fourth degree tears in comparison with expectant management. However, manual rotation is associated with a two-fold higher risk of cervical and vaginal lacerations. Manual rotation performed with an adequate technic is an efficient and safe manœuvre to avoid complications associated with occiput posterior vaginal delivery. Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier SAS.

  13. California Publicly-Owned Utilities (POUs) – LBNL ‘Beyond Widgets’ Project. Task: ambient lighting and occupancy-based plug load control. System Program Manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Robinson, Alastair; Mathew, Paul A.; Regnier, Cynthia

    This program manual contains detailed technical information for implementing an incentive program for task-ambient lighting and occupancy-based plug load control. This manual was developed by Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, in collaboration with the California Publicly-Owned Utilities (CA POUs) as a partner in the ‘Beyond Widgets’ program funded by the U.S. Department of Energy Building Technologies Office. The primary audience for this manual is the program staff of the various CA POUs. It may also be used by other utility incentive programs to help develop similar programs. It is anticipated that the content of this manual be utilized by the CAmore » POU staff for developing related documents such as the Technical Resource Manual and other filings pertaining to the rollout of an energy systems-based rebate incentive program.« less

  14. NASA and Deere to study effects of low-g on iron processing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1981-01-01

    A technical exchange agreement to study the effects of processing iron alloys in microgravity is described. Alloy solidification experiments are to be performed in the low-g facilities at Marshall Space Center. Deere is to prepare and evaluate the samples, and perform thermal characterization studies of the furnace used for melting and solidifying the samples. Experiment planning and analysis are to be performed jointly and data shared between the two parties. The technical exchange concept, developed by NASA to involve the private sector in low gravity research programs, is described. Other low gravity processing fields in which industry is invited to participate are listed.

  15. Technical report writing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vidoli, Carol A.

    1992-01-01

    This manual covers the fundamentals of organizing, writing, and reviewing NASA technical reports. It was written to improve the writing skills of LeRC technical authors and the overall quality of their reports.

  16. Silicon-on-ceramic process: Silicon sheet growth and device development for the large-area silicon sheet task of the low-cost solar array project

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whitehead, A. B.; Zook, J. D.; Grung, B. L.; Heaps, J. D.; Schmit, F.; Schuldt, S. B.; Chapman, P. W.

    1981-01-01

    The technical feasibility of producing solar cell quality sheet silicon to meet the DOE 1986 cost goal of 70 cents/watt was investigated. The silicon on ceramic approach is to coat a low cost ceramic substrate with large grain polycrystalline silicon by unidirectional solidification of molten silicon. Results and accomplishments are summarized.

  17. Effective Instructional Leadership Act--Technical Assistance Manual for Instructional Leaders, and Training Program Providers, July 1, 2004-June 30, 2006.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kentucky Department of Education, 2004

    2004-01-01

    The Kentucky Department of Education, Office of Leadership and School Improvement developed this revised and updated technical assistance manual for the 2004-2006 Effective Instructional Leadership Act (EILA) cycle to assist local educators as they strive to improve the quality and effectiveness of their leadership skills and to assist districts…

  18. Instructor's Manual for Electrical Apprentice Technical Training. Series No. D (Fourth Year). Revised to Meet 1978 Electrical Code.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

    Twenty-seven lesson plans for a fourth-year electrical apprentice technical training program are presented in this instructor's manual. Also included are student worksheets and information sheets for each lesson, and copies of unit tests. (Answers to the worksheets and tests are provided.) The lesson plans are generally organized into four steps:…

  19. Instructor's Manual for Electrical Apprentice Technical Training. Series No. A (First Year). Revised to Meet 1978 Electrical Code.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

    Thirty-six lesson plans for the first of a four-year electrical apprentice technical training program are presented in this instructor's manual. Also included are student worksheets and information sheets for each lesson, and copies of unit tests. (Answers to the worksheets and tests are provided.) The lesson plans are generally organized into…

  20. Instructor's Manual for Electrical Apprentice Technical Training. Series No. B (Second Year). Revised to Meet 1978 Electrical Code.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    North Carolina State Dept. of Community Colleges, Raleigh.

    Twenty-eight lesson plans for the second year of a four-year electrical apprentice technical training program are presented in this instructor's manual. Also included are student worksheets and information sheets for each lesson, and copies of unit tests. (Answers to the worksheets and tests are provided.) The lesson plans are generally organized…

  1. FIELD CHECK MANUAL FOR LANGUAGE LABORATORIES, A SERIES OF TESTS WHICH A NON-TECHNICAL PERSON CAN CONDUCT TO VERIFY SPECIFICATIONS.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    GRITTNER, FRANK; PAVLAT, RUSSELL

    IN ORDER TO ASSIST NON-TECHNICAL PEOPLE IN SCHOOLS TO CONDUCT A FIELD CHECK OF LANGUAGE LABORATORY EQUIPMENT BEFORE THEY MAKE FINAL PAYMENTS, THIS MANUAL OFFERS CRITERIA, TESTS, AND METHODS OF SCORING THE QUALITY OF THE EQUIPMENT. CHECKLISTS ARE PROVIDED FOR EVALUATING CONSOLE FUNCTIONS, TAPE RECORDERS, AMPLIFIERS, SOUND QUALITY (INCLUDING…

  2. Exploring Perceptions and Attitudes towards Teaching and Learning Manual Technical Drawing in a Digital Age

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McLaren, Susan Valerie

    2008-01-01

    This paper examines the place of manual technical drawing in the 21st century by discussing the perceived value and relevance of teaching school students how to draw using traditional instruments, in a world of computer aided drafting (CAD). Views were obtained through an e-survey, questionnaires and structured interviews. The sample groups…

  3. Vocational-Technical Physics Project. Instructor's Manual. Field Test Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Forsyth Technical Inst., Winston-Salem, NC.

    This instructor's manual in vocational physics consists of five modules: Jacks, Thermometers, The Alternator, The Pool Table, and The Radiator. It is an individualized approach, designed for use with accompanying student manuals on each of the individual modules. Each module in the instructor's manual consists of a general description plus an…

  4. AVAILABLE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Indiana State Univ., Terre Haute.

    THE INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS INCLUDE PROGRAM BROCHURES, CHARTS, COURSE OUTLINES, OVERHEAD TRANSPARENCIES, ASSIGNMENT SHEETS, STUDENT MANUALS, TEACHER MANUALS, TECHNICAL INFORMATION, AND RELATED INFORMATION IN VOCATIONAL EDUCATION. A BRIEF NOTE DESCRIBES EACH. (EM)

  5. Internal dosimetry technical basis manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1990-12-20

    The internal dosimetry program at the Savannah River Site (SRS) consists of radiation protection programs and activities used to detect and evaluate intakes of radioactive material by radiation workers. Examples of such programs are: air monitoring; surface contamination monitoring; personal contamination surveys; radiobioassay; and dose assessment. The objectives of the internal dosimetry program are to demonstrate that the workplace is under control and that workers are not being exposed to radioactive material, and to detect and assess inadvertent intakes in the workplace. The Savannah River Site Internal Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual (TBM) is intended to provide a technical and philosophicalmore » discussion of the radiobioassay and dose assessment aspects of the internal dosimetry program. Detailed information on air, surface, and personal contamination surveillance programs is not given in this manual except for how these programs interface with routine and special bioassay programs.« less

  6. IPM for Pennsylvania Schools: A How-To Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martz, Eston, Ed.

    This manual presents practical advice on planning and adopting an integrated pest management (IPM) program for Pennsylvania educational facilities. The manual covers how to implement a school IPM, school IPM operational information for the school administrator, and technical information for Pennsylvania schools concerning various pests found in…

  7. Manual of Accreditation Standards for Adventure Programs 1995.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williamson, John E., Comp.; Gass, Michael, Comp.

    This manual presents standards for adventure education programs seeking accreditation from the Association for Experiential Education. The manual is set up sequentially, focusing both on objective standards such as technical risk management aspects, and on subjective standards such as teaching approaches used in programs. Chapter titles provide…

  8. Small Enterprise Development Pre-Service Training Manual. Training for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Training Manual No. T-42.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pragma Corp., Falls Church, VA.

    This manual is intended to assist Peace Corps trainers in providing preservice technical training in small enterprise development. The manual includes a total of 40 training sessions divided among 10 learning modules. The following topics are covered: the main principles of small enterprise development; Peace Corps volunteers as small enterprise…

  9. Policy Level Information on Logistics-Oriented Research.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-08-01

    Logistics Planann and System Long-Range Management Technology Planning Evaluation of Rold Miasion of Support Organizacion Effective Cross-Service Policies...guidelines, solution procedures, etc. The documentation format (technical report, user’s manual , briefing slides, etc.) also falls into this category...CHECK AT LEAST ONE) PhD Dissertation SMaster’s Thesis 7 Memorandum L Briefing Q Technical Report 7 Software Product O Hardware Product Q7 User’s Manual

  10. MARSAME Manual and Resources

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    MARSAME provides technical information on survey approaches to determine proper disposition of materials and equipment (M&E). MARSAME is a supplement to the Multi-Agency Radiation Survey and Site Investigation Manual (MARSSIM).

  11. Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant technical manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Larson, D.E.; Watrous, R.A.; Kruger, O.L.

    1996-03-01

    A key element of the Hanford waste management strategy is the construction of a new facility, the Hanford Waste Vitrification Plant (HWVP), to vitrify existing and future liquid high-level waste produced by defense activities at the Hanford Site. The HWVP mission is to vitrify pretreated waste in borosilicate glass, cast the glass into stainless steel canisters, and store the canisters at the Hanford Site until they are shipped to a federal geological repository. The HWVP Technical Manual (Manual) documents the technical bases of the current HWVP process and provides a physical description of the related equipment and the plant. Themore » immediate purpose of the document is to provide the technical bases for preparation of project baseline documents that will be used to direct the Title 1 and Title 2 design by the A/E, Fluor. The content of the Manual is organized in the following manner. Chapter 1.0 contains the background and context within which the HWVP was designed. Chapter 2.0 describes the site, plant, equipment and supporting services and provides the context for application of the process information in the Manual. Chapter 3.0 provides plant feed and product requirements, which are primary process bases for plant operation. Chapter 4.0 summarizes the technology for each plant process. Chapter 5.0 describes the engineering principles for designing major types of HWVP equipment. Chapter 6.0 describes the general safety aspects of the plant and process to assist in safe and prudent facility operation. Chapter 7.0 includes a description of the waste form qualification program and data. Chapter 8.0 indicates the current status of quality assurance requirements for the Manual. The Appendices provide data that are too extensive to be placed in the main text, such as extensive tables and sets of figures. The Manual is a revision of the 1987 version.« less

  12. Solidification of floating organic droplet in dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction as a green analytical tool.

    PubMed

    Mansour, Fotouh R; Danielson, Neil D

    2017-08-01

    Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) is a special type of microextraction in which a mixture of two solvents (an extracting solvent and a disperser) is injected into the sample. The extraction solvent is then dispersed as fine droplets in the cloudy sample through manual or mechanical agitation. Hence, the sample is centrifuged to break the formed emulsion and the extracting solvent is manually separated. The organic solvents commonly used in DLLME are halogenated hydrocarbons that are highly toxic. These solvents are heavier than water, so they sink to the bottom of the centrifugation tube which makes the separation step difficult. By using solvents of low density, the organic extractant floats on the sample surface. If the selected solvent such as undecanol has a freezing point in the range 10-25°C, the floating droplet can be solidified using a simple ice-bath, and then transferred out of the sample matrix; this step is known as solidification of floating organic droplet (SFOD). Coupling DLLME to SFOD combines the advantages of both approaches together. The DLLME-SFOD process is controlled by the same variables of conventional liquid-liquid extraction. The organic solvents used as extractants in DLLME-SFOD must be immiscible with water, of lower density, low volatility, high partition coefficient and low melting and freezing points. The extraction efficiency of DLLME-SFOD is affected by types and volumes of organic extractant and disperser, salt addition, pH, temperature, stirring rate and extraction time. This review discusses the principle, optimization variables, advantages and disadvantages and some selected applications of DLLME-SFOD in water, food and biomedical analysis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Guidance Manual: Asbestos Operations & Maintenance Work Practices. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Inst. of Building Sciences, Washington, DC.

    This technical manual provides detailed guidance to building owners, asbestos program managers, and operations and maintenance (O&M) workers for managing asbestos-containing materials (ACM) in buildings. The manual addresses four different types of ACM found in buildings and three different levels of precaution which may be warranted by…

  14. Auto Mechanics; Methodology. Technical Instruction Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Systems Operation Support, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.

    This student instruction manual was written in conformance with selected criteria for programed instruction books as developed previously for various military training courses. The manual was developed as a part of "A Study of the Effectiveness of a Military-Type Computer-Based Instructional System When Used in Civilian High School Courses in…

  15. Operation, Maintenance and Management of Wastewater Treatment Facilities: A Bibliography of Technical Documents.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Himes, Dottie

    This is an annotated bibliography of wastewater treatment manuals. Fourteen manuals are abstracted including: (1) A Planned Maintenance Management System for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants; (2) Anaerobic Sludge Digestion, Operations Manual; (3) Emergency Planning for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities; (4) Estimating Laboratory Needs…

  16. 75 FR 28858 - Agency Information Collection (Service Data Manual) Activities Under OMB Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-24

    ... operator's manuals and maintenance/repair manuals when technical medical equipment and devices, or... U.S.C. 3501-3521), this notice announces that the Office of Acquisition and Materiel Management... Management and Budget (OMB) for review and comment. The PRA submission describes the nature of the...

  17. Quartermaster 1 and C, Rate Training Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Naval Personnel Program Support Activity, Washington, DC.

    The technical subject matter of the Quartermaster rating is presented in this training manual written to prepare men of the Navy and Naval Reserve for advancement examinations. The manual includes eleven chapters. Discussed are commonly used methods and procedures of operating magnetic compasses and gyrocompasses, determining a ship's position,…

  18. 22 CFR 126.17 - Exemption pursuant to the Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty between the United States and the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...; (ii) Technical data (including data packages, technical papers, manuals, presentations, specifications... person who receives defense articles, including technical data, but who does not have access to such... (other than technical data) shall be individually labeled with the appropriate identification detailed in...

  19. 22 CFR 126.16 - Exemption pursuant to the Defense Trade Cooperation Treaty between the United States and Australia.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... section; (ii) Technical data (including data packages, technical papers, manuals, presentations..., defense articles, including technical data, for the sole purpose of effecting onward movement to members... (other than technical data) shall be individually labeled with the appropriate identification detailed in...

  20. General Principles for Manual/Simultaneous Communication (M/SC) Instruction.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caccamise, Frank; And Others

    1978-01-01

    The article discusses principles in use at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf in planning and implementing Manual/Simultaneous Communication instruction for hearing impaired and deaf individuals. (PHR)

  1. Energy Supply Options for Modernizing Army Heating Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-01-01

    Army Regulation (AR) 420-49, Heating, Energy Selection and Fuel Storage, Distribution, and Dispens- ing Systems and Technical Manual (TM) 5-650...analysis. 26 USACERL TR 99/23 HEATMAP uses the AutoLISP program in AutoCAD to take the graphical input to populate a Microsoft® Access database in...of 1992, Subtitle F, Federal Agency Energy Man- agement. Technical Manual (TM) 5-650, Repairs and Utilities: Central Boiler Plants (HQDA, 13 October

  2. ASSIST internals reference manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnson, Sally C.; Boerschlein, David P.

    1994-01-01

    The Abstract Semi-Markov Specification Interface to the SURE Tool (ASSIST) program was developed at NASA LaRC in order to analyze the reliability of virtually any fault-tolerant system. A user manual was developed to detail its use. Certain technical specifics are of no concern to the end user, yet are of importance to those who must maintain and/or verify the correctness of the tool. This document takes a detailed look into these technical issues.

  3. CACDA Jiffy War Game Technical Manual. Part 1: Methodology

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-03-01

    Systems Analysis Office (Mr Tyburski) Fort Monmout’.h, NJ 07703 Commander 1* USAISD ATTN: ATISE-TD-TS-CD (LT Boyer) Fort Deven , MASS 01433 Commander 2...Developments Activity Fort Leavenworth, Kansas 66027 CACDA JIFFY WAR GAME TECHNICAL MANUAL Part 1: Methodology by Timothy J. Bailey and Gerald A. Martin ACN...ComrbatDevelopments Activity (CACDA), Fort Leavenworth,i-Xsas," for scenario devel- opment and force structure evaluation. The Jiffy Game computer

  4. Improved Foundry Castings Utilizing CAD/CAM (Computer Aided Design/ Computer Aided Manufacture). Volume 1. Overview

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-06-30

    casting. 68 Figure 1-9: Line printer representation of roll solidification. 69 Figure I1-1: Test casting model. 76 Figure 11-2: Division of test casting...writing new casting analysis and design routines. The new routines would take advantage of advanced criteria for predicting casting soundness and cast...properties and technical advances in computer hardware and software. 11 2. CONCLUSIONS UPCAST, a comprehensive software package, has been developed for

  5. NPDES Permit Writers' Manual for Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This manual is designed to provide general information on the CWA and NPDES requirements for CAFOs, explain CAFO permitting, and provide technical information to understand options for nutrients management planning.

  6. Manual of an Instructional Program in Dental Assisting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gilbert, Maud R., Ed.; Fiedler, Belle, Ed.

    This manual is for administrator and teacher use in planning a program and individual courses for adults in dental assisting in vocational, technical, and adult programs. The manual was developed by a supervisor, a teacher-coordinator, teachers, and dentists at the local level and tested in the local school. The objectives are to prepare…

  7. Resource Manual for Functional Vision Evaluation. Technical Assistance Bulletin.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Texas Education Agency, Austin. Div. of Special Education.

    The manual was intended to help school personnel (either an educator of the visually handicapped and/or a certified orientation and mobility instructor) evaluate the functional use of residual vision. The manual is organized in three major sections, which cover the following: (1) the general areas addressed in functional vision evaluation (such as…

  8. Tools and Their Uses. Rate Training Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Naval Personnel Program Support Activity, Washington, DC.

    One of a series of training manuals prepared for enlisted personnel in the Navy and Naval Reserve, this supplementary manual contains data pertinent to a variety of tools necessary to the satisfactory performance of modern technical equipment used by the Navy. It is designed to help the learner identify tools and fastening devices by their correct…

  9. 29 CFR 1952.107 - Changes to approved plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... (b) The State submitted an industrial hygiene technical manual patterned after the Federal manual... under the plan to Superfund sites and private contractors working on U.S. Army Corps of Engineers dam...

  10. Direct Cast U-6Nb – 2017 Progress on Cylindrical Castings

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aikin, Jr., Robert M.

    2017-10-04

    This report describes work to further develop a sound technical basis and best practices for mold design and process parameters for the Direct Casting of U-6wt%Nb components. One major challenge to the production of U-6Nb components is the propensity for niobium segregation during casting and solidification. This is especially true for cylindrical castings where the vertical side walls allow flotation of Nb resulting in severe inverse macrosegregation. In this work, a small (120 mm diameter by 180 mm tall) and large cylinder (250 mm diameter by 310 mm tall) are examined with a focus on reducing, or eliminating, niobium segregation.more » It is demonstrated that counter gravity casting (top-to-bottom solidification) can be used to minimize segregation in the small cylinder. Attempts to counter gravity cast the large cylinder were unsuccessful, in large part due to size limitations of the current furnace. A path forward for casting of the large cylinders is discussed.« less

  11. Primary Dendrite Array Morphology: Observations from Ground-based and Space Station Processed Samples

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tewari, Surendra; Rajamure, Ravi; Grugel, Richard; Erdmann, Robert; Poirier, David

    2012-01-01

    Influence of natural convection on primary dendrite array morphology during directional solidification is being investigated under a collaborative European Space Agency-NASA joint research program, "Microstructure Formation in Castings of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MICAST)". Two Aluminum-7 wt pct Silicon alloy samples, MICAST6 and MICAST7, were directionally solidified in microgravity on the International Space Station. Terrestrially grown dendritic monocrystal cylindrical samples were remelted and directionally solidified at 18 K/cm (MICAST6) and 28 K/cm (MICAST7). Directional solidification involved a growth speed step increase (MICAST6-from 5 to 50 micron/s) and a speed decrease (MICAST7-from 20 to 10 micron/s). Distribution and morphology of primary dendrites is currently being characterized in these samples, and also in samples solidified on earth under nominally similar thermal gradients and growth speeds. Primary dendrite spacing and trunk diameter measurements from this investigation will be presented.

  12. Primary Dendrite Array: Observations from Ground-Based and Space Station Processed Samples

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tewari, Surendra N.; Grugel, Richard N.; Erdman, Robert G.; Poirier, David R.

    2012-01-01

    Influence of natural convection on primary dendrite array morphology during directional solidification is being investigated under a collaborative European Space Agency-NASA joint research program, Microstructure Formation in Castings of Technical Alloys under Diffusive and Magnetically Controlled Convective Conditions (MICAST). Two Aluminum-7 wt pct Silicon alloy samples, MICAST6 and MICAST7, were directionally solidified in microgravity on the International Space Station. Terrestrially grown dendritic monocrystal cylindrical samples were remelted and directionally solidified at 18 K per centimeter (MICAST6) and 28 K per centimeter (MICAST7). Directional solidification involved a growth speed step increase (MICAST6-from 5 to 50 millimeters per second) and a speed decrease (MICAST7-from 20 to 10 millimeters per second). Distribution and morphology of primary dendrites is currently being characterized in these samples, and also in samples solidified on earth under nominally similar thermal gradients and growth speeds. Primary dendrite spacing and trunk diameter measurements from this investigation will be presented.

  13. Irrigation Training Manual. Planning, Design, Operation, and Management of Small-Scale Irrigation Systems [and] Irrigation Reference Manual. A Technical Reference to Be Used with the Peace Corps Irrigation Training Manual T0076 in the Selection, Planning, Design, Operation, and Management of Small-Scale Irrigation Systems.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Salazar, LeRoy; And Others

    This resource for trainers involved in irrigated agriculture training for Peace Corps volunteers consists of two parts: irrigation training manual and irrigation reference manual. The complete course should fully prepare volunteers serving as irrigation, specialists to plan, implement, evaluate and manage small-scale irrigation projects in arid,…

  14. 32 CFR 518.21 - Collection of fees and fee rates for technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ...) Fee rates-(1) Costs for a manual search of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate ($) Clerical E9/GS 8... costs for technical data. Type Cost ($) Aerial photograph, maps, specifications, permits, charts... microfilm indices, each .10 (e) Review time costs of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate($) Clerical E9...

  15. 32 CFR 518.21 - Collection of fees and fee rates for technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) Fee rates-(1) Costs for a manual search of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate ($) Clerical E9/GS 8... costs for technical data. Type Cost ($) Aerial photograph, maps, specifications, permits, charts... microfilm indices, each .10 (e) Review time costs of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate($) Clerical E9...

  16. 32 CFR 518.21 - Collection of fees and fee rates for technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...) Fee rates-(1) Costs for a manual search of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate ($) Clerical E9/GS 8... costs for technical data. Type Cost ($) Aerial photograph, maps, specifications, permits, charts... microfilm indices, each .10 (e) Review time costs of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate($) Clerical E9...

  17. 32 CFR 518.21 - Collection of fees and fee rates for technical data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ...) Fee rates-(1) Costs for a manual search of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate ($) Clerical E9/GS 8... costs for technical data. Type Cost ($) Aerial photograph, maps, specifications, permits, charts... microfilm indices, each .10 (e) Review time costs of technical data. Type Grade Hourly rate($) Clerical E9...

  18. OSH technical reference manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1993-11-01

    In an evaluation of the Department of Energy (DOE) Occupational Safety and Health programs for government-owned contractor-operated (GOCO) activities, the Department of Labor`s Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommended a technical information exchange program. The intent was to share written safety and health programs, plans, training manuals, and materials within the entire DOE community. The OSH Technical Reference (OTR) helps support the secretary`s response to the OSHA finding by providing a one-stop resource and referral for technical information that relates to safe operations and practice. It also serves as a technical information exchange tool to reference DOE-wide materials pertinentmore » to specific safety topics and, with some modification, as a training aid. The OTR bridges the gap between general safety documents and very specific requirements documents. It is tailored to the DOE community and incorporates DOE field experience.« less

  19. 48 CFR 811.107 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... facility unless the facility Chief, Engineering Service, indicates that the service data manuals are not... mechanical equipment (other than technical medical and other technical equipment and devices) issued by a...

  20. 48 CFR 811.107 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... facility unless the facility Chief, Engineering Service, indicates that the service data manuals are not... mechanical equipment (other than technical medical and other technical equipment and devices) issued by a...

  1. 48 CFR 811.107 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... facility unless the facility Chief, Engineering Service, indicates that the service data manuals are not... mechanical equipment (other than technical medical and other technical equipment and devices) issued by a...

  2. 48 CFR 811.107 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... facility unless the facility Chief, Engineering Service, indicates that the service data manuals are not... mechanical equipment (other than technical medical and other technical equipment and devices) issued by a...

  3. Typing Postal Cards. Student's Manual and Instructor's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Snapp, Jane

    Supporting performance objective 85 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on typing postal cards are included in this packet. (The packet is the seventh in a set of fifteen on typewriting--CE 016 920-934.) The student materials include a…

  4. Filing Alphabetically. Basic Rules. Student's Manual and Instructor's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McLeod, Sadie

    Supporting performance objectives 21, 25, and 26 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on the basic rules of filing alphabetically are included in this packet. (The packet is the first in a set of nine on maintaining files and a…

  5. Higher Education Finance Manual. Technical Report No. 53. Field Review Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collier, Douglas J.

    The primary goal of the Higher Education Finance Manual project is to assist in higher education decisionmaking as it relates to the need for and the use of financial information. The objectives of this manual are to: (1) provide uniform definitions and procedures for displaying and reporting those financial data used most often in higher…

  6. A Technical Assistance Manual on the Employment Provisions (Title 1) of the Americans With Disabilities Act.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Washington, DC.

    This manual and resource directory aims to help employers, other entities, and persons with disabilities learn about their obligations and rights under the employment provisions of Title I of the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA). The manual provides guidance on the application of legal requirements established in the statute and in…

  7. Computing Gross Pay from Punched Time Cards. Student Manual and Instructor's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McElveen, Peggy C.

    Supporting performance objective 30 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on computing gross pay from punched time cards are included in this packet, which is part of a series. The student materials include a group of time cards,…

  8. Preparing Payroll Register, Employee Earnings' Records, and Paychecks. Student's Manual and Instructor's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McElveen, Peggy C.

    Supporting performance objective 28 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on preparing a payroll register, employee earnings' records, and paychecks are included in this packet, which is one in a series. The student materials include a…

  9. Coordinating and Performing Activities for Employer. Preparing Expense Reports. Student Manual and Teacher's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Maleeta M.

    Supporting performance objective 13 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on preparing employer's business expense statements are included in this packet. (The packet is the fourth in a set of four on coordinating and performing activities…

  10. Analysis of FY79 Army Aircraft Accidents.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-04-01

    maintenance and field manuals . *.7 "reel world" Army operations. It Includes detailed lemons Additional requirmnent indifId by the results of the le-a...and 2. Emphb and direction to upgrade training at unit trufe of akrraft control, and school levels. R% eview the current aulons nd manuals to 3. Unit...Evaluation and revision of Army regulations, e Evluate effectiveness of programs desgned to technical manuals , field manuals , and other written Insure

  11. Bibliography of Technical Publications, Papers, and List of Patents, October 1985-September 1986

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-11-01

    NOTICE For classified documents, follow the procedures in DoD 5200.1-R, Chapter IX or DoD 5220.22-M, " Industrial Security Manual," paragraph 19. For... Industries , Inc. Contract No. DAAK60-83-C-0040. NATICK/TR-85/064L, September 1985 (AD B107 724L). •_ CHEMCAS Volume II: User’s Manual. AMAF Industries ...the food industry . National Food Processors Association Meeting, Washington, DC, May 14, 1986. ... rib FOOD ENGINEERING DIRECTORATE Technical Papers

  12. Structuring of manual of orientations and technical information for laundries of industries of animal products origin.

    PubMed

    da Silva, Vania Eugênia; Mafra, Simone Caldas Tavares; Mafra, Cláudio Lísias; de Souza, Amaury Paulo

    2012-01-01

    This study looked for to lift information regarding laundries inserted in industries of animal products origin, to understand the activities developed in the section and to structure a Manual of Planning and Technical Information for laundries to industries of animal products origin, with the intention of subsidizing the planning, structuring and control of this work place, because norms or regulations that supervise don't exist or aid their managers and workers as for the operation of this work place.

  13. Marine safety manual, volume 4 : technical

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-01-01

    A comprehensive manual which provides guidance on the application of Coast Guard regulations and explains the rationale behind their development is vital to the successful execution of the marine safety program. This volume is intended to serve that ...

  14. Employees Who Use Wheelchairs

    MedlinePlus

    ... 1630 (2011). Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. (1992). A technical assistance manual on the employment provisions (title I) ... ASK A JAN CONSULTANT JAN provides free, confidential technical assistance about job accommodations and the Americans with ...

  15. Storyboarding: A Concrete Way to Generate Effective Visuals.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Larkin, Greg

    1996-01-01

    Advances the idea that storyboarding, long associated with scriptwriting, advertising, and more recently with technical manuals, can be successfully applied to an even broader variety of technical documents. Applies storyboarding techniques to designing technical proposals to suggest methods of incorporating more visuals into documents, as well as…

  16. 15 CFR 1180.4 - Preparing a product for transfer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... SCIENTIFIC, TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE § 1180.4... medium; (3) In the case of software, be accompanied by relevant documentation, such as operating manuals...

  17. LOCALIZING THE RANGELAND HEALTH METHOD FOR SOUTHEASTERN ARIZONA

    EPA Science Inventory

    The interagency manual Interpreting Indicators of Rangeland Health, Version 4 (Technical Reference 1734-6) provides a method for making rangeland health assessments. The manual recommends that the rangeland health assessment approach be adapted to local conditions. This technica...

  18. Utilization of robotic-arm assisted total knee arthroplasty for soft tissue protection.

    PubMed

    Sultan, Assem A; Piuzzi, Nicolas; Khlopas, Anton; Chughtai, Morad; Sodhi, Nipun; Mont, Michael A

    2017-12-01

    Despite the well-established success of total knee arthroplasty (TKA), iatrogenic ligamentous and soft tissue injuries are infrequent, but potential complications that can have devastating impact on clinical outcomes. These injuries are often related to technical errors and excessive soft tissue manipulation, particularly during bony resections. Recently, robotic-arm assisted TKA was introduced and demonstrated promising results with potential technical advantages over manual surgery in implant positioning and mechanical accuracy. Furthermore, soft tissue protection is an additional potential advantage offered by these systems that can reduce inadvertent human technical errors encountered during standard manual resections. Therefore, due to the relative paucity of literature, we attempted to answer the following questions: 1) does robotic-arm assisted TKA offer a technical advantage that allows enhanced soft tissue protection? 2) What is the available evidence about soft tissue protection? Recently introduced models of robotic-arm assisted TKA systems with advanced technology showed promising clinical outcomes and soft tissue protection in the short- and mid-term follow-up with results comparable or superior to manual TKA. In this review, we attempted to explore this dimension of robotics in TKA and investigate the soft tissue related complications currently reported in the literature.

  19. Technical publication transfer test with McDonnell Aircraft Company: MIL-M-28001 (SGML) and MIL-D-28000 Class 1 (IGES)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1990-06-25

    The CALS Test Network (CTN) conducted a CTN Planned Test (CPT) of several CALS standards related to the transfer of technical publication data: MIL-STD-1840A (1840A), MIL-D-28000 Class I (28000), MIL-M-28001 (28001), and MIL-D-28003 (28003). The test was conducted with the McDonnell Aircraft Company (CMAIR) of St. Louis, Missouri in accordance with part one of CTN Test Plan CTN89-TM-06 and using material from an F-15E technical manual. One focus of the test was the transfer of a moderately large volume of technical publication data. There were 9 text files, 74 Initial Graphics Exchange Specification (IGES) files, and 74 Computer Graphics Metafilemore » (CGM) files in the exchange package. A noteworthy feature of the test was its early attempt to exchange CGM data. Part one of CTN89-TM-06 called for technical publication data to be output from MCAIR's Xyvision system on 9-track magnetic tape. The data was to be in accordance with the 28001 subset of the Standard Generalized Mark-up Language (SGML) and the 28001 Document Type Definition (DTD) that conformed to MIL-M-38784B, the general style and format requirements for technical manuals. Technical illustrations in the manual were to be done in accordance with 28000 Class I (IGES) and 28003 (CGM). Part two of the test called for the test tape to be read into another technical publication system where the text would be modified and the vector illustrations would all be converted to raster, in accordance with MIL-R-28002. This part of the test is not covered in this report.« less

  20. High School and Beyond Transcripts Survey (1982). Data File User's Manual. Contractor Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Calvin; And Others

    This data file user's manual documents the procedures used to collect and process high school transcripts for a large sample of the younger cohort (1980 sophomores) in the High School and Beyond survey. The manual provides the user with the technical assistance needed to use the computer file and also discusses the following: (1) sample design for…

  1. Small Enterprise Development In-Service Training Manual. Training for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Training Manual No. T-43.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pragma Corp., Falls Church, VA.

    This manual is intended to assist Peace Corps trainers in providing inservice technical training in small enterprise development. The following topics are covered: expectations and sharing of resources, problem analysis as a part of project identification, procedures in setting goals and objectives, steps in identifying project resources, the…

  2. Sanitary Survey Training. The Need-to-Know Material. Instructor's Technical Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gardner, Anne, Ed.

    This manual, developed as an aid to state agencies who provide instruction to inspectors of water systems, is based on the minimum information that an inspector with limited experience needs to know to successfully assess a public water system. The manual is designed for use by individuals who are experts in the field of water systems and sanitary…

  3. Robotic-Assisted Versus Manual Prostatic Arterial Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Comparative Analysis.

    PubMed

    Bagla, Sandeep; Smirniotopoulos, John; Orlando, Julie C; Piechowiak, Rachel

    2017-03-01

    Prostatic artery embolization (PAE) is a safe and efficacious procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), though is technically challenging. We present our experience of technical and clinical outcomes of robotic and manual PAE in patients with BPH. IRB-approved retrospective study of 40 consecutive patients 49-81 years old with moderate or severe grade BPH from May 2014 to July 2015: 20 robotic-assisted PAE (group 1), 20 manual PAE (group 2). Robotic-assisted PAE was performed using the Magellan Robotic System. American Urological Association (AUA-SI) score, cost, technical and clinical success, radiation dose, fluoroscopy, and procedure time were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed within and between each group using paired t test and one-way analysis of variance respectively, at 1 and 3 months. No significant baseline differences in age and AUA-SI between groups. Technical success was 100% (group 1) and 95% (group 2). One unsuccessful subject from group 2 returned for a successful embolization using robotic assistance. Fluoroscopy and procedural times were similar between groups, with a non-significant lower patient radiation dose in group 1 (30,632.8 mGy/cm 2 vs 35,890.9, p = 0.269). Disposable cost was significantly different between groups with the robotic-assisted PAE incurring a higher cost (group 1 $4530.2; group 2 $1588.5, p < 0.0001). Clinical improvement was significant in both arms at 3 months: group 1 mean change in AUA-SI of 8.3 (p = 0.006), group 2: 9.6 (p < 0.0001). No minor or major complications occurred. Robotic-assisted PAE offers technical success comparable to manual PAE, with similar clinical improvement with an increased cost.

  4. 15 CFR 1180.4 - Preparing a product for transfer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE § 1180.4 Preparing a...) In the case of software, be accompanied by relevant documentation, such as operating manuals, but not...

  5. 15 CFR 1180.4 - Preparing a product for transfer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE § 1180.4 Preparing a...) In the case of software, be accompanied by relevant documentation, such as operating manuals, but not...

  6. 15 CFR 1180.4 - Preparing a product for transfer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE § 1180.4 Preparing a...) In the case of software, be accompanied by relevant documentation, such as operating manuals, but not...

  7. 15 CFR 1180.4 - Preparing a product for transfer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., TECHNICAL AND ENGINEERING INFORMATION TO THE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE § 1180.4 Preparing a...) In the case of software, be accompanied by relevant documentation, such as operating manuals, but not...

  8. PRODUCTION OF HEAVY WATER SAVANNAH RIVER AND DANA PLANTS. Technical Manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bebbington, W.P.; Thayer, V.R. eds.; Proctor, J.F. comp.

    1959-07-01

    A summary is presented of the basic technical iniormation that pertains to processes that are used at the Dana and Savannah River Plants for the production of heavy water. The manual is intended primarily for plant operating and technical personnel and was prepared to supplement and provide technical support for detailed operating procedures. Introductory sections contain some background information on the history, uses, available processes, and analytical procedures for heavy water. They also include a general comparison of the design and laserformance of the two plants and an analysis of their differences. The technology of the heavy water separation processesmore » used, namely hydrogen sulfide exchange, distillation of water, and electrolysis is discussed in detail. The manufacture and storage of hydrogen sulfide gas and the process water treatment facilities are also discussed. (auth)« less

  9. The influence of supervision on manual adherence and therapeutic processes.

    PubMed

    Anderson, Timothy; Crowley, Mary Ellen J; Patterson, Candace L; Heckman, Bernadette D

    2012-09-01

    To identify the effectiveness of psychotherapy supervision on therapists' immediate (next session) and long-term (1 year) adherence to time-limited dynamic psychotherapy (TLDP). Sixteen therapists from the Vanderbilt II psychotherapy project were assigned new cases in pretraining, training, and booster/posttraining year-long cohorts. Technical adherence to the manual, as well as general therapeutic relational processes, were rated for clinical supervisory sessions in which the third therapy session was discussed. The therapy sessions immediately before and after the supervisory sessions were also rated for technical adherence and relational processes. Postsupervision adherence increased from the presupervision session during the training cohort. In supervision, therapists' discussion of techniques and strategies from the manual in supervision was significantly related to technical adherence in the session prior to (but not after) supervision. However, supervisors' discussion of specific techniques predicted therapists' total technical adherence in the therapy session after (but not before) supervision. In terms of the type of techniques, supervisors' influenced postsupervision therapy adherence on TLDP's unique approach to formulation, the cyclical maladaptive pattern, but did not influence technical adherence on the therapeutic relationship. In supervision, therapists tend to focus on how they adhered to techniques from the previous session, whereas supervisors' comments about specific techniques predicted how the therapist would adhere to techniques in the next therapy session. The findings provide support for the immediate effects of supervision in shaping therapist techniques as well as highlighting the challenges of altering common relational processes through technical training. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  10. An Overview of Clarkson's Technical Communications Program.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barkman, Patricia R.

    The technical communications program at Clarkson College (New York) offers students 23 courses in subjects ranging from interpersonal behavior to engineering and scientific report writing to computer documentation and the development of technical manuals. With the help of an advisor, each student works out a course of study appropriate to his or…

  11. Space Station Furnace Facility Core. Requirements definition and conceptual design study. Volume 2: Technical report. Appendix 6: Technical summary reports

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    The Space Station Furnace Facility (SSFF) is a modular facility for materials research in the microgravity environment of the Space Station Freedom (SSF). The SSFF is designed for crystal growth and solidification research in the fields of electronic and photonic materials, metals and alloys, and glasses and ceramics and will allow for experimental determination of the role of gravitational forces in the solidification process. The facility will provide a capability for basic scientific research and will evaluate the commercial viability of low-gravity processing of selected technologically important materials. The facility is designed to support a complement of furnace modules as outlined in the Science Capabilities Requirements Document (SCRD). The SSFF is a three rack facility that provides the functions, interfaces, and equipment necessary for the processing of the furnaces and consists of two main parts: the SSFF Core Rack and the two Experiment Racks. The facility is designed to accommodate two experimenter-provided furnace modules housed within the two experiment racks, and is designed to operate these two furnace modules simultaneously. The SCRD specifies a wide range of furnace requirements and serves as the basis for the SSFF conceptual design. SSFF will support automated processing during the man-tended operations and is also designed for crew interface during the permanently manned configuration. The facility is modular in design and facilitates changes as required, so the SSFF is adept to modifications, maintenance, reconfiguration, and technology evolution.

  12. Transportation management center data capture for performance and mobility measures reference manual.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-03-01

    The Guide to Transportation Management Center (TMC) Data Capture for Performance and Mobility Measures is a two-volume document consisting of a summary Guidebook and this Reference Manual. These documents provide technical guidance and recommended pr...

  13. Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference (NASARC), version 4.0: User's manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whyte, Wayne A., Jr.; Heyward, Ann O.; Ponchak, Denise S.; Spence, Rodney L.; Zuzek, John E.

    1988-01-01

    The information in the NASARC (Version 4.0) Technical Manual (NASA-TM-101453) and NASARC (Version 4.0) User's Manual (NASA-TM-101454) relates to the state of Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference (NASARC) software development through November 1, 1988. The Technical Manual describes the NASARC concept and the algorithms used to implement the concept. The User's Manual provides information on computer system considerations, installation instructions, description of input files, and program operation instructions. Significant revisions were incorporated in the Version 4.0 software over prior versions. These revisions have further enhanced the modeling capabilities of the NASARC procedure and provide improved arrangements of predetermined arcs within the geostationary orbit. Array dimensions within the software were structured to fit within the currently available 12-megabyte memory capacity of the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) computer facility. A piecewise approach to predetermined arc generation in NASARC (Version 4.) allows worldwide planning problem scenarios to be accommodated within computer run time and memory constraints with enhanced likelihood and ease of solution.

  14. Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference-NASARC, Version 2.0: User's Manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Whyte, Wayne A., Jr.; Heyward, Ann O.; Ponchak, Denise S.; Spence, Rodney L.; Zuzek, John E.

    1987-01-01

    The information contained in the NASARC (Version 2.0) Technical Manual (NASA TM-100160) and the NASARC (Version 2.0) User's Manual (NASA TM-100161) relates to the state of the Numerical Arc Segmentation Algorithm for a Radio Conference (NASARC) software development through October 16, 1987. The technical manual describes the NASARC concept and the algorithms which are used to implement it. The User's Manual provides information on computer system considerations, installation instructions, description of input files, and program operation instructions. Significant revisions have been incorporated in the Version 2.0 software over prior versions. These revisions have enhanced the modeling capabilities of the NASARC procedure while greatly reducing the computer run time and memory requirements. Array dimensions within the software have been structured to fit into the currently available 6-megabyte memory capacity of the International Frequency Registration Board (IFRB) computer facility. A piecewise approach to predetermined arc generation in NASARC (Version 2.0) allows worldwide scenarios to be accommodated within these memory constraints while at the same time reducing computer run time.

  15. Application of Solidification Theory to Rapid Solidification Processing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-07-01

    solubility; _NiAl -Cr quasibinary alloys ; Rapid solidification ; Solidification theory I’.ASRACT ICfene an roerso aid it 000e..yV SON identify0 by Week...110100a) ~j ~apid solidification allows the production of alloys with new compositions and * uphases and also allows production of improved alloys by...control of microstructure;L and homogeneity. The effect of rapid solidification velocity on the micro- structure of Ag-Cu alloys is comprehensively

  16. Local Technical Assistance Program Field Manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-02-01

    The FHWA Local Technical Assistance Program (LTAP) provides technology transfer products to local highway departments. One of the most valuable and well-received resources of the program, the LTAP (or T 2 ) centers, have proven themselves invaluable ...

  17. Microbial ecology laboratory procedures manual NASA/MSFC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huff, Timothy L.

    1990-01-01

    An essential part of the efficient operation of any microbiology laboratory involved in sample analysis is a standard procedures manual. The purpose of this manual is to provide concise and well defined instructions on routine technical procedures involving sample analysis and methods for monitoring and maintaining quality control within the laboratory. Of equal importance is the safe operation of the laboratory. This manual outlines detailed procedures to be followed in the microbial ecology laboratory to assure safety, analytical control, and validity of results.

  18. Oral Rehydration Therapy and the Control of Diarrheal Diseases. Training for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Training Manual No. T-34.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, Mari; And Others

    This manual was developed to train Peace Corps volunteers and other community health workers in oral rehydration therapy (ORT) and the control of diarrheal diseases. Using a competency-based format, the manual contains six training modules (organized in 22 sessions) that focus on interrelated health education and technical content areas. Each…

  19. Bricklayer and Stonemason. U.S.O.E. 46.0102 D.O.T. 861.381, 861.781, 861.884. Student's Manual [and] Instructor's Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grimes, L. A., Jr.

    The student's manual in this two-part instructional kit is designed to help students in individualized courses in bricklaying and stone masonry to tie together classroom learning and on-the-job practice. The manual includes assignments, technical information, objectives that tell what the student is to learn from each assignment, and exercise…

  20. Laser weldability of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel: Part I - Impurity effects and solidifcation mode

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tate, Stephen B.; Javernick, Daniel Anthony; Lienert, Thomas J.

    For laser welded type 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn (21-6-9) stainless steels, the relationship between solidification cracking susceptibility and chemical composition was examined, and primary solidification mode (PSM) diagrams were developed to predict solidification mode. Sigmajig testing was used with experimental heats of type 21-6-9 to determine the effect of P and S on solidification cracking w hen primary austenite solidification occurred. Phosphorus showed a larger influence on solidification cracking relative to S, and a relationship of (P+0.2S ) was found for total impurity content. PSM diagrams to predict solidification mode were developed by analyzing welds made at three travel speeds for a widemore » range of 21-6-9 alloys and some other similar alloys. The minimum Cr eq/Ni eq required for primary ferrite solidification increased as travel speed increased, with more alloys showing primary austenite solidification at higher travel rates. Furthermore, as travel speed increased from 21 to 85 mm/s, the average solidification rate increased from 6 to 25 mm/s.« less

  1. Laser weldability of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel: Part I - Impurity effects and solidifcation mode

    DOE PAGES

    Tate, Stephen B.; Javernick, Daniel Anthony; Lienert, Thomas J.; ...

    2016-11-02

    For laser welded type 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn (21-6-9) stainless steels, the relationship between solidification cracking susceptibility and chemical composition was examined, and primary solidification mode (PSM) diagrams were developed to predict solidification mode. Sigmajig testing was used with experimental heats of type 21-6-9 to determine the effect of P and S on solidification cracking w hen primary austenite solidification occurred. Phosphorus showed a larger influence on solidification cracking relative to S, and a relationship of (P+0.2S ) was found for total impurity content. PSM diagrams to predict solidification mode were developed by analyzing welds made at three travel speeds for a widemore » range of 21-6-9 alloys and some other similar alloys. The minimum Cr eq/Ni eq required for primary ferrite solidification increased as travel speed increased, with more alloys showing primary austenite solidification at higher travel rates. Furthermore, as travel speed increased from 21 to 85 mm/s, the average solidification rate increased from 6 to 25 mm/s.« less

  2. Industrial Maintenance Technology (IM-TEC). Student Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fusch, Gene E.

    This student manual explains an innovative strategy through which Bellingham Technical College's (Washington) evening Industrial Electrician and Millwright Apprenticeships were aggregated with workforce upgrade course offerings to form the college's first evening degree program in Industrial Maintenance Technology (IM-TEC). Section 1 contains a…

  3. Polymer Exemption Guidance Manual for premanufacture notices for new chemicals under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA)

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    A technical manual to accompany, but not supersede the Premanufacture Notification Exemptions; Revisions of Exemptions for Polymers; Final Rule found at 40 CFR Part 723, (60) FR 16316-16336, published Wednesday, March 29, 1995.

  4. ILGWU Worker-Family Education Program. ESL/Technical Curriculum Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Friedman, Judy; Friedman, Deidre

    The curriculum for the International Ladies' Garment Workers' Union (ILGWU) English as a Second Language (ESL) and technical classes is a collection of instructional materials and suggestions focusing on workplace-related topics and issues. This guide is intended for use in classes where one technical and one ESL teacher are present and where…

  5. What Consultation and Freelance Writing Can Do for You and for Your Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Muller, John A.

    This paper advises teachers of technical writing to "practice what they preach" by occasionally doing field work in technical communication. The possibilities for off-campus work include consultation, perhaps for an in-house manual of technical writing procedures and skills, editing assignments for businesses and public agencies, and freelance…

  6. Phase-field simulation of weld solidification microstructure in an Al Cu alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Farzadi, A.; Do-Quang, M.; Serajzadeh, S.; Kokabi, A. H.; Amberg, G.

    2008-09-01

    Since the mechanical properties and the integrity of the weld metal depend on the solidification behaviour and the resulting microstructural characteristics, understanding weld pool solidification is of importance to engineers and scientists. Thermal and fluid flow conditions affect the weld pool geometry and solidification parameters. During solidification of the weld pool, a columnar grain structure develops in the weld metal. Prediction of the formation of the microstructure during welding may be an important and supporting factor for technology optimization. Nowadays, increasing computing power allows direct simulations of the dendritic and cell morphology of columnar grains in the molten zone for specific temperature conditions. In this study, the solidification microstructures of the weld pool at different locations along the fusion boundary are simulated during gas tungsten arc welding of Al-3wt%Cu alloy using the phase-field model for the directional solidification of dilute binary alloys. A macroscopic heat transfer and fluid flow model was developed to assess the solidification parameters, notably the temperature gradient and solidification growth rate. The effect of the welding speed is investigated. Computer simulations of the solidification conditions and the formation of a cellular morphology during the directional solidification in gas tungsten arc welding are described. Moreover, the simulation results are compared with existing theoretical models and experimental findings.

  7. The solidification velocity of nickel and titanium alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Altgilbers, Alex Sho

    2002-09-01

    The solidification velocity of several Ni-Ti, Ni-Sn, Ni-Si, Ti-Al and Ti-Ni alloys were measured as a function of undercooling. From these results, a model for alloy solidification was developed that can be used to predict the solidification velocity as a function of undercooling more accurately. During this investigation a phenomenon was observed in the solidification velocity that is a direct result of the addition of the various alloying elements to nickel and titanium. The additions of the alloying elements resulted in an additional solidification velocity plateau at intermediate undercoolings. Past work has shown a solidification velocity plateau at high undercoolings can be attributed to residual oxygen. It is shown that a logistic growth model is a more accurate model for predicting the solidification of alloys. Additionally, a numerical model is developed from simple description of the effect of solute on the solidification velocity, which utilizes a Boltzmann logistic function to predict the plateaus that occur at intermediate undercoolings.

  8. Numerical Simulation of Cast Distortion in Gas Turbine Engine Components

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Inozemtsev, A. A.; Dubrovskaya, A. S.; Dongauser, K. A.; Trufanov, N. A.

    2015-06-01

    In this paper the process of multiple airfoilvanes manufacturing through investment casting is considered. The mathematical model of the full contact problem is built to determine stress strain state in a cast during the process of solidification. Studies are carried out in viscoelastoplastic statement. Numerical simulation of the explored process is implemented with ProCASTsoftware package. The results of simulation are compared with the real production process. By means of computer analysis the optimization of technical process parameters is done in order to eliminate the defect of cast walls thickness variation.

  9. Space Processing Applications Rocket (SPAR) project: SPAR 10

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poorman, R. (Compiler)

    1986-01-01

    The Space Processing Applications Rocket Project (SPAR) X Final Report contains the compilation of the post-flight reports from each of the Principal Investigators (PIs) on the four selected science payloads, in addition to the engineering report as documented by the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). This combined effort also describes pertinent portions of ground-based research leading to the ultimate selection of the flight sample composition, including design, fabrication and testing, all of which are expected to contribute to an improved comprehension of materials processing in space. The SPAR project was coordinated and managed by MSFC as part of the Microgravity Science and Applications (MSA) program of the Office of Space Science and Applications (OSSA) of NASA Headquarters. This technical memorandum is directed entirely to the payload manifest flown in the tenth of a series of SPAR flights conducted at the White Sands Missile Range (WSMR) and includes the experiments entitled, Containerless Processing Technology, SPAR Experiment 76-20/3; Directional Solidification of Magnetic Composites, SPAR Experiment 76-22/3; Comparative Alloy Solidification, SPAR Experiment 76-36/3; and Foam Copper, SPAR Experiment 77-9/1R.

  10. General Drafting. Technical Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of the Army, Washington, DC.

    The manual provides instructional guidance and reference material in the principles and procedures of general drafting and constitutes the primary study text for personnel in drafting as a military occupational specialty. Included is information on drafting equipment and its use; line weights, conventions and formats; lettering; engineering charts…

  11. Radiological Defense Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DOD), Washington, DC.

    Originally prepared for use as a student textbook in Radiological Defense (RADEF) courses, this manual provides the basic technical information necessary for an understanding of RADEF. It also briefly discusses the need for RADEF planning and expected postattack emergency operations. There are 14 chapters covering these major topics: introduction…

  12. Techniques for predicting high-risk drivers for alcohol countermeasures. Volume 2, User manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1978-06-01

    This user manual, a companion to the Volume I Technical Report by the same name, is designed to aid the alcohol program administrator in his decisions concerning implementation of countermeasures to selected individuals or small groups of drivers. Vo...

  13. Visualization of solidification front phenomena

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Workman, Gary L.; Smith, Guy A.

    1993-01-01

    Directional solidification experiments have been utilized throughout the Materials Processing in Space Program to provide an experimental platform which minimizes variables in solidification experiments. Because of the wide-spread use of this experimental technique in space-based research, it has become apparent that a better understanding of all the phenomena occurring during solidification can be better understood if direct visualization of the solidification interface were possible.

  14. Technical Health Training Manual. Volume 1. Training for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Training Manual No. T-35a.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, Mari; And Others

    This manual is designed as a resource for trainers who provide preservice training, either in-country or state-side, to health specialists and generalists assigned to health projects at the community and clinical levels. The training is intended to assist the volunteer in developing knowledge and skill in the areas of primary health care and the…

  15. Technical Health Training Manual. Volume 2. Training for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Training Manual No. T-35a.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Clark, Mari; And Others

    This manual is designed as a resource for trainers who provide preservice training, either in-country or state-side, to health specialists and generalists assigned to health projects at the community and clinical levels. The training is intended to assist the volunteer in developing knowledge and skill in the areas of primary health care and the…

  16. Comparison of manual scaled and predicted foE and foF1 critical frequencies. Technical report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gamache, R.R.; Kersey, W.T.

    1990-07-01

    The CCIR and Titheridge foE critical frequency prediction routines were tested by comparison with 1875 manually scaled values. The foF1 critical frequency prediction routine of Millman et al was tested by comparison with 1005 manually scaled values. Plots and statistics of the comparisons are presented and discussed. From the results recommendations are made to help improve autoscaling.

  17. Kansas highway LED illumination manual : a guide for the use of LED lighting systems : [technical summary].

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2015-12-01

    The research project was aimed to assist the Kansas Department of Transportation (KDOT) in the development of a Highway LED Illumination Manual for guiding the upcoming implementation of successful LED roadway lighting systems in Kansas to replace th...

  18. Opticalman 1 and C, Rate Training Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Naval Personnel Program Support Activity, Washington, DC.

    The technical subject matter of this rate training manual is written for regular navy and naval reserve personnel. Responsibilities for optical shop administration, supervision, and training are discussed in detail. Metals are studied in connection with heat treating processes. Characteristics of light are analyzed to familiarize students with…

  19. Software Manuals: Where Instructional Design and Technical Writing Join Forces.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thurston, Walter, Ed.

    1986-01-01

    Presents highlights from a panel discussion by well known San Francisco Bay area documentation writers, instructional designers, and human performance technologists. Three issues on user performance and documentation are addressed: whether people avoid reading user manuals and why; major human factors influencing documentation use; and…

  20. Iowa Bridge Backwater Software : users manual IHRB TR-564, version 2.0, June 2010.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2010-06-01

    This manual describes how to use the Iowa Bridge Backwater software. It also documents the methods and equations used for the calculations. The main body describes how to use the software and the appendices cover technical aspects. : The Bridge Backw...

  1. TECHNICAL MANUAL: A SURVEY OF EQUIPMENT AND METHODS FOR PARTICULATE SAMPLING IN INDUSTRIAL PROCESS STREAMS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The manual lists and describes the instruments and techniques that are available for measuring the concentration or size distribution of particles suspended in process streams. The standard, official, well established methods are described as well as some experimental methods and...

  2. Utilitiesman 3 and 2. Rate Training Manual. Revised 1973.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Naval Training Command, Pensacola, FL.

    This Rate Training Manual provides the technical knowledge and skill requirements necessary to prepare Utilitiesmen to perform tasks involved in the installation, maintenance, and repair of plumbing, heating, steam, fuel storage and distribution systems, water treatment and distribution systems, air conditioning and refrigeration equipment, and…

  3. Day Care Infection Control Protocol.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Seattle-King County Dept. of Public Health, Seattle, WA.

    This day care infection control manual was assembled to provide technical guidance for the prevention and control of communicable diseases to child day care facilities in Seattle and King County, Washington. For each disease, the manual provides background information, public health control recommendations, and letters that can be used to…

  4. Hydrogen Financial Analysis Scenario Tool (H2FAST) Documentation

    Science.gov Websites

    for the web and spreadsheet versions of H2FAST. H2FAST Web Tool User's Manual H2FAST Spreadsheet Tool User's Manual (DRAFT) Technical Support Send questions or feedback about H2FAST to H2FAST@nrel.gov. Home

  5. Aligning Theme and Information Structure to Improve the Readability of Technical Writing

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Moore, N. A. J.

    2006-01-01

    The readability of technical writing, and technical manuals in particular, especially for second language readers, can be noticeably improved by pairing Theme with Given and Rheme with New. This allows for faster processing of text and easier access to the "method of development" of the text. Typical Theme-Rheme patterns are described, and the…

  6. Administrators' Perceptions of Career and Technical Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haussman, Charles E.

    2012-01-01

    Career and technical education was founded on the common practice of apprenticeships integrated into the public schools at the beginning of the 20th century as manual arts, which continued to evolve into a culture and practice of its own as vocational education, and into what is now career and technical education, with an evolving focus on college…

  7. Using Functional Flow Diagrams to Enhance Technical Systems Understanding.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Satchwell, Richard E.

    1997-01-01

    A treatment group of 20 aviation students used training manuals that presented functional flow diagrams before schematic diagrams. Comparison of data from 10 controls on a card-sort task showed that functional flow diagrams enhanced understanding of technical systems. (SK)

  8. Microstructure Evolution in the Presence of Constraints and Implications on the Properties of Mg - Li and Nb - Al Composites

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-05-30

    alloys and composites Solidification experiments with Succinonitrile-acetone system Experimerts with Salol I Directional Solidification of Mg-Li alloys ...Directional Solidification of Mg-Li Composites Microstructural Analysis and Modeling Combustion Synthesis Principles ( theory ) Nb-AI alloys made by...Combustion Synthesis Nb-AI - NbB composites made by Combustion Synthesis Directional Solidification of Nb-AI Alloys Directional Solidification of Nb- Al

  9. The influence of gravity level during directional solidification of immiscible alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Andrews, J. B.; Schmale, A. L.; Sandlin, A. C.

    1992-01-01

    During directional solidification of immiscible (hypermonotectic) alloys it is theoretically possible to establish a stable macroscopically-planar solidification front, and thus avoid sedimentation. Unfortunately, convective instabilities often occur which interfere with the directional solidification process. In this paper, stability conditions are discussed and results presented from directional solidification studies carried out aboard NASA's KC-135 zero-g aircraft. Samples were directionally solidified while the effective gravity level was varied from approximately 0.01 g for 25 s to 1.8 g for 45 s. Dramatic variations in microstructure were observed with gravity level during solidification.

  10. Tranpsort phenomena in solidification processing of functionally graded materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gao, Juwen

    A combined numerical and experimental study of the transport phenomena during solidification processing of metal matrix composite functionally graded materials (FGMs) is conducted in this work. A multiphase transport model for the solidification of metal-matrix composite FGMs has been developed that accounts for macroscopic particle segregation due to liquid-particle flow and particle-solid interactions. An experimental study has also been conducted to gain physical insight as well as to validate the model. A novel method to in-situ measure the particle volume fraction using fiber optic probes is developed for transparent analogue solidification systems. The model is first applied to one-dimensional pure matrix FGM solidification under gravity or centrifugal field and is extensively validated against the experimental results. The mechanisms for the formation of particle concentration gradient are identified. Two-dimensional solidification of pure matrix FGM with convection is then studied using the model as well as experiments. The interaction among convection flow, solidification process and the particle transport is demonstrated. The results show the importance of convection in the particle concentration gradient formation. Then, simulations for alloy FGM solidification are carried out for unidirectional solidification as well as two-dimensional solidification with convection. The interplay among heat and species transport, convection and particle motion is investigated. Finally, future theoretical and experimental work is outlined.

  11. Nursery Production, A Teacher's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Buckey, Sylvia; And Others

    Developed by a group of university faculty members and graduate assistants, this planning guide is designed for teachers' use in high school, technical school, and associate degree agriculture programs in teaching nursery production with the focus on entry and advanced level occupations. This manual consists of the text of the student handbook…

  12. Training and Development for Transitional Employment in Mature-Aged Manual Workers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pillay, Hitendra; Kelly, Kathy; Tones, Megan

    2010-01-01

    Objectives: The purpose of the current article was to explore perceptions of transitional employment and training and development amongst blue collar workers employed in technical, trade, operations or physical and labour-intensive occupations within the local government system. Methods: The responses of manual workers to two national surveys…

  13. Practical Electronics. Technical Instruction Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Systems Operation Support, Inc., King of Prussia, PA.

    This student instruction manual was developed as a part of "A Study of The Effectiveness of a Military-Type Computer-Based Instructional System When Used in Civilian High School Courses in Electronics and Auto Mechanics." (VT 006 916). The material emphasizes a troubleshooting strategy for repair of equipment based upon a logical and systematic…

  14. Community College General Academic Course Guide Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Austin. Div. of Community and Technical Colleges.

    The Community College General Academic Course Guide Manual (ACGM) is the official list of approved numbers for general academic transfer courses that may be offered by public community and technical colleges in Texas for state funding. This edition of the ACGM, effective September 1996, contains the latest information available for academic…

  15. 76 FR 57716 - Notice of Availability of a Draft Companion Manual for Executive Order 11988 Floodplain...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-16

    ... companion manual to provide agency-wide guidance for executing compliance with Executive Order 11988... procedures and guidance in accordance with specific sections of Executive Order 11988 and Executive Order.... ADDRESSES: Written comments should be sent to Emily Johannes, Senior Environmental Technical Advisor, NOAA...

  16. Manual Training Schools in America.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schenck, John P.

    John Runkle, president of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), viewed the Moscow Imperial Technical School exhibit at the Philadelphia Centennial Exposition of 1876 and saw the Russian method of manual training as the answer to the dilemma of combining theory and practice in engineering instruction. On August 17, 1876, shops in which…

  17. APTI Course 427, Combustion Evaluation. Student Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Beard, J. Taylor; And Others

    This student manual supplements a course designed to present fundamental and applied aspects of combustion technology which influence air pollutant emissions. Emphasis is placed on process control of combustion rather than on gas cleaning. The course is intended to provide engineers, regulatory and technical personnel, and others with familiarity…

  18. 12 CFR 792.03 - How will I know which records to request?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... the convenience of possible users and does not constitute a determination that all of the items listed... cost. The indices are: (a) NCUA Publications List: Manuals relating to general and technical... Instructions, Bulletins, Letters to Credit Unions, and certain internal manuals. (c) Popular FOIA Index...

  19. Pneumatics. Student's Manual [and] Instructor's Guide.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Notgrass, Troy

    The student's manual in this two-part instructional kit is designed to help the following types of students learn introductory technical material related to pneumatics: (1) groups of trade and industrial students with a variety of vocational objectives and (2) homogeneous groups in which the learning levels of individual students vary…

  20. Technical Data for Five Learning Style Instruments with Instructional Applications.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lemire, David

    This manual presents five learning styles instruments and presents data related to validity and reliability and descriptive statistics. The manual also discusses the implications for learning presented by each of these learning models. For purposes of this discussion, "learning style,""cognitive style," and "personal style" are used synonymously.…

  1. Stationary Engineering Laboratory Manual--2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Steingress, Frederick M.; Frost, Harold J.

    The Stationary Engineering Laboratory Manual 2 was designed for vocational/technical high school students who have received instruction in the basics of stationary engineering. It was developed for students who will be operating a live plant and who will be responsible for supplying steam for heating, cooking, and baking. Each lesson in the manual…

  2. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT - GREAT RIVER ECOSYSTEMS PROGRAM (EMAP-GRE) GREAT RIVER ECOSYSTEMS FIELD OPERATIONS MANUAL

    EPA Science Inventory

    This manual describes procedures for collecting samples and field measurements for biotic assemblages and abiotic characteristics of the Great Rivers of the Central Basin of the United States: the Missouri, Upper Mississippi, and Ohio Rivers. In addition to the technical and logi...

  3. Technical Manual for Batteries, Navy Lithium Safety Program Responsibilities and Procedures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2004-08-19

    lithium ion batteries and all equipment powered by lithium electrochemical power source(s) through all phases of the life of such systems. The purpose of this manual is to establish safety guidelines for the selection, design, testing, evaluation, use, packaging, storage, transportation and disposal of lithium

  4. Creating a Market.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kazimirski, J.; And Others

    The second in a series of programmed books, "Creating a Market" is published by the International Labour Office as a manual for persons studying marketing. This manual was designed to meet the needs of the labor organization's technical cooperation programs and is primarily concerned with consumer goods industries. Using a fill-in-the-blanks and…

  5. Health Activities for Primary School Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peace Corps, Washington, DC. Information Collection and Exchange Div.

    This manual targets new and second-year Peace Corps volunteers, presenting health lessons and activities for primary school students in Thailand. Each section of the manual outlines basic technical information about the topic, contains several detailed lesson plans, and lists quick activities that can be carried out at schools. Songs and recipes…

  6. Principles of Training in Marine Corps Task Analysis. Training Manual I. Evaluation of the Marine Corps Task Analysis Program. Technical Report No. 7.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kuriloff, Arthur H.

    This is the first in a series of five training manuals developed for use by the U.S. Marine Corps Office of Manpower Utilization (OMU) in its Task Analysis (TA) program. It is designed for trainers of OMU staff members assigned to the TA program, a research effort requiring interpersonal and research competence. Objectives of the manual are: (1)…

  7. Robotic-Assisted Versus Manual Prostatic Arterial Embolization for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia: A Comparative Analysis

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bagla, Sandeep, E-mail: sandeep.bagla@gmail.com; Smirniotopoulos, John; Orlando, Julie C.

    PurposeProstatic artery embolization (PAE) is a safe and efficacious procedure for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), though is technically challenging. We present our experience of technical and clinical outcomes of robotic and manual PAE in patients with BPH.Materials and MethodsIRB-approved retrospective study of 40 consecutive patients 49–81 years old with moderate or severe grade BPH from May 2014 to July 2015: 20 robotic-assisted PAE (group 1), 20 manual PAE (group 2). Robotic-assisted PAE was performed using the Magellan Robotic System. American Urological Association (AUA-SI) score, cost, technical and clinical success, radiation dose, fluoroscopy, and procedure time were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performedmore » within and between each group using paired t test and one-way analysis of variance respectively, at 1 and 3 months.ResultsNo significant baseline differences in age and AUA-SI between groups. Technical success was 100% (group 1) and 95% (group 2). One unsuccessful subject from group 2 returned for a successful embolization using robotic assistance. Fluoroscopy and procedural times were similar between groups, with a non-significant lower patient radiation dose in group 1 (30,632.8 mGy/cm{sup 2} vs 35,890.9, p = 0.269). Disposable cost was significantly different between groups with the robotic-assisted PAE incurring a higher cost (group 1 $4530.2; group 2 $1588.5, p < 0.0001). Clinical improvement was significant in both arms at 3 months: group 1 mean change in AUA-SI of 8.3 (p = 0.006), group 2: 9.6 (p < 0.0001). No minor or major complications occurred.ConclusionsRobotic-assisted PAE offers technical success comparable to manual PAE, with similar clinical improvement with an increased cost.« less

  8. On the Role of Mantle Overturn during Magma Ocean Solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boukaré, C. E.; Parmentier, E.; Parman, S. W.

    2017-12-01

    Solidification of potential global magma ocean(s) (MO) early in the history of terrestrial planets may play a key role in the evolution of planetary interiors by setting initial conditions for their long-term evolution. Constraining this initial structure of solid mantles is thus crucial but remains poorly understood. MO fractional crystallization has been proposed to generate gravitationally unstable Fe-Mg chemical stratification capable of driving solid-state mantle overturn. Fractional solidification and overturn hypothesis, while only an ideal limiting case, can explain important geochemical features of both the Moon and Mars. Current overturn models consider generally post-MO overturn where the cumulate pile remains immobile until the end of MO solidification. However, if the cumulate pile overturns during MO solidification, the general picture of early planet evolution might differ significantly from the static crystallization models. We show that the timing of mantle overturn can be characterized with a dimensionless number measuring the ratio of the MO solidification time and the purely compositional overturn timescale. Syn-solidification overturn occurs if this dimensionless parameter, Rc, exceeds a critical value. Rc is mostly affected by the competition between the MO solidification time and mantle viscosity. Overturn that occurs during solidification can result in smaller scales of mantle chemical heterogeneity that could persist for long times thus influencing the whole evolution of a planetary body. We will discuss the effects of compaction/percolation on mantle viscosity. If partially molten cumulate do not have time to compact during MO solidification, viscosity of cumulates would be significantly lower as the interstitcial melt fraction would be large. Both solid mantle remelting during syn-solidification overturn and porous convection of melt retained with the cumulates are expected to reduce the degree of fractional crystallization. Syn-solidification overturn of a sluggish mantle can thus be an alternative to solid-state post-MO solidification overturn.

  9. Modelling directional solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilcox, William R.

    1991-01-01

    The long range goal of this program is to develop an improved understanding of phenomena of importance to directional solidification and to enable explanation and prediction of differences in behavior between solidification on Earth and in space. Current emphasis is on determining the influence of perturbations on directional solidification.

  10. Whither the White Knight: CDROM in Technical Services.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Campbell, Brian

    1987-01-01

    Outlines evaluative criteria and compares optical data disk products used in library technical processes, including bibliographic records for cataloging, acquisition databases, and local public access catalogs. An extensive table provides information on specific products, including updates, interfaces, edit screens, installation help, manuals,…

  11. NUSC Technical Publications Guide.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-05-01

    Facility personnel especially that of A. Castelluzzo, E. Deland, J. Gesel , and E. Szlosek (all of Code 4343). Reviewed and Approved: 14 July 1980 D...their technical content and format. Review and approve the manual outline, the review manuscript, and the final camera - reproducible copy. Conduct in

  12. 48 CFR 811.107 - Contract clauses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Section 811.107 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS COMPETITION AND... requests for proposals for technical medical and other technical equipment and devices issued by a field facility unless the facility Chief, Engineering Service, indicates that the service data manuals are not...

  13. Improved Crystal Quality By Detached Solidification in Microgravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Regel, Liya L.; Wilcox, William R.; Wang, Yaz-Hen; Wang, Jian-Bin

    2003-01-01

    Many microgravity directional solidification experiments yielded ingots with portions that grew without contacting the ampoule wall, leading to greatly improved crystallographic perfection. Our long term goals have been: (1) To develop a complete understanding of all of the phenomena of detached solidification.; (2) To make it possible to achieve detached solidification reproducibly; (3) To increase crystallographic perfection through detached solidification. We have three major achievements to report here: (1) We obtained a new material balance solution for the Moving Meniscus Model of detached solidification. This solution greatly clarifies the physics as well as the roles of the parameters in the system; (2) We achieved detached solidification of InSb growing on earth in BN-coated ampoules; (3) We performed an extensive series of experiments on freezing water that showed how to form multiple gas bubbles or tubes on the ampoule wall. However, these did not propagate around the wall and lead to fully detached solidification unless the ampoule wall was extremely rough and non-wetted.

  14. Relationships Between Solidification Parameters in A319 Aluminum Alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vandersluis, E.; Ravindran, C.

    2018-03-01

    The design of high-performance materials depends on a comprehensive understanding of the alloy-specific relationships between solidification and properties. However, the inconsistent use of a particular solidification parameter for presenting materials characterization in the literature impedes inter-study comparability and the interpretation of findings. Therefore, there is a need for accurate expressions relating the solidification parameters for each alloy. In this study, A319 aluminum alloy castings were produced in a permanent mold with various preheating temperatures in order to control metal cooling. Analysis of the cooling curve for each casting enabled the identification of its liquidus, Al-Si eutectic, and solidus temperatures and times. These values led to the calculation of the primary solidification rate, total solidification rate, primary solidification time, and local solidification time for each casting, which were related to each other as well as to the average casting SDAS and material hardness. Expressions for each of their correlations have been presented with high coefficients of determination, which will aid in microstructural prediction and casting design.

  15. Micro-tomography based Geometry Modeling of Three-Dimensional Braided Composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fang, Guodong; Chen, Chenghua; Yuan, Shenggang; Meng, Songhe; Liang, Jun

    2018-06-01

    A tracking and recognizing algorithm is proposed to automatically generate irregular cross-sections and central path of braid yarn within the 3D braided composites by using sets of high resolution tomography images. Only the initial cross-sections of braid yarns in a tomography image after treatment are required to be calibrated manually as searching cross-section template. The virtual geometry of 3D braided composites including some detailed geometry information, such as the braid yarn squeezing deformation, braid yarn distortion and braid yarn path deviation etc., can be reconstructed. The reconstructed geometry model can reflect the change of braid configurations during solidification process. The geometry configurations and mechanical properties of the braided composites are analyzed by using the reconstructed geometry model.

  16. Thermal spray manual for machinery components

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Travis, R.; Ginther, C.; Herbstritt, M.

    1995-12-31

    The Thermal Spray Manual For Machinery Components is a National Shipbuilding Research (SP-7) Project. This Manual is being developed by Puget Sound Naval Shipyard with the help of other government thermal spray facilities and SP-7 panel members. The purpose of the manual is to provide marine repair facilities with a ``how to do`` document that will be ``user friendly`` and known to be technically sound through production experience. The manual`s intent is to give marine repair facilities the ability to maximize the thermal spray process as a repair method for machinery components and to give these facilities guidelines on howmore » to become qualified to receive certification that they meet the requirements of Military Standard 1687A.« less

  17. Modeling of Detached Solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Regel, Liya L.; Wilcox, William R.; Popov, Dmitri

    1997-01-01

    Our long term goal is to develop techniques to achieve detached solidification reliably and reproducibly, in order to produce crystals with fewer defects. To achieve this goal it is necessary to understand thoroughly the physics of detached solidification. It was the primary objective of the current project to make progress toward this complete understanding. 'Me products of this grant are attached. These include 4 papers and a preliminary survey of the observations of detached solidification in space. We have successfully modeled steady state detached solidification, examined the stability of detachment, and determined the influence of buoyancy-driven convection under different conditions. Directional solidification in microgravity has often led to ingots that grew with little or no contact with the ampoule wall. When this occurred, crystallographic perfection was usually greatly improved -- often by several orders of magnitude. Indeed, under the Soviet microgravity program the major objective was to achieve detached solidification with its resulting improvement in perfection and properties. Unfortunately, until recently the true mechanisms underlying detached solidification were unknown. As a consequence, flight experiments yielded erratic results. Within the past three years, we have developed a new theoretical model that explains many of the flight results. This model gives rise to predictions of the conditions required to yield detached solidification.

  18. Welding Behavior of Free Machining Stainless Steel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    BROOKS,JOHN A.; ROBINO,CHARLES V.; HEADLEY,THOMAS J.

    2000-07-24

    The weld solidification and cracking behavior of sulfur bearing free machining austenitic stainless steel was investigated for both gas-tungsten arc (GTA) and pulsed laser beam weld processes. The GTA weld solidification was consistent with those predicted with existing solidification diagrams and the cracking response was controlled primarily by solidification mode. The solidification behavior of the pulsed laser welds was complex, and often contained regions of primary ferrite and primary austenite solidification, although in all cases the welds were found to be completely austenite at room temperature. Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) pattern analysis indicated that the nature of the base metalmore » at the time of solidification plays a primary role in initial solidification. The solid state transformation of austenite to ferrite at the fusion zone boundary, and ferrite to austenite on cooling may both be massive in nature. A range of alloy compositions that exhibited good resistance to solidification cracking and was compatible with both welding processes was identified. The compositional range is bounded by laser weldability at lower Cr{sub eq}/Ni{sub eq} ratios and by the GTA weldability at higher ratios. It was found with both processes that the limiting ratios were somewhat dependent upon sulfur content.« less

  19. Modelling Directional Solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilcox, William R.; Regel, Liya L.; Zhou, Jian; Yuan, Weijun

    1992-01-01

    The long range goal of this program has been to develop an improved understanding of phenomena of importance to directional solidification, in order to enable explanation and prediction of differences in behavior between solidification on Earth and in space. Current emphasis is on determining the influence of perturbations on directional solidification.

  20. Laser weldability of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel: Part II - Weldability diagrams

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tate, Stephen B.; Javernick, Daniel Anthony; Lienert, Thomas J.

    In this second part of the study, weldability diagrams developed to relate solidification crack susceptibility and chemical composition for laser welded type 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn (21-6-9) stainless steel are presented. Sigmajig testing on 14 commercial 21-6-9 alloys, 20 experimental 21-6-9 alloys, and 7 other high-N, high-Mn austenitic stainless steels was used to develop weldability diagrams for solidification crack susceptibility for laser welding of type 21-6-9. Three travel speeds were used to show the changes in minimum Cr eq/Ni eq for primary ferrite solidification as solidification rate increase d with travel speed . Primary austenite solidification was observed below 1.55 Cr eq/Ni eqmore » (Espy equivalents) at 21 mm/s travel speed. At 42 mm/s travel speed , a mix of solidification modes were displayed for alloys from 1.55-1.75 Cr eq/Ni eq. Primary ferrite solidification was observed above 1.75 Cr eq/Ni eq at both 42 and 85 mm/s travel speeds. No solidification cracking was observed for alloys with primary ferrite solidification. Lastly, variable cracking behavior was found in alloys with primary austenite solidification, but in general cracking was observed in alloys with greater than 0.02 wt-% combined impurity content according to (P+0.2S).« less

  1. Laser weldability of 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn stainless steel: Part II - Weldability diagrams

    DOE PAGES

    Tate, Stephen B.; Javernick, Daniel Anthony; Lienert, Thomas J.; ...

    2016-11-02

    In this second part of the study, weldability diagrams developed to relate solidification crack susceptibility and chemical composition for laser welded type 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn (21-6-9) stainless steel are presented. Sigmajig testing on 14 commercial 21-6-9 alloys, 20 experimental 21-6-9 alloys, and 7 other high-N, high-Mn austenitic stainless steels was used to develop weldability diagrams for solidification crack susceptibility for laser welding of type 21-6-9. Three travel speeds were used to show the changes in minimum Cr eq/Ni eq for primary ferrite solidification as solidification rate increase d with travel speed . Primary austenite solidification was observed below 1.55 Cr eq/Ni eqmore » (Espy equivalents) at 21 mm/s travel speed. At 42 mm/s travel speed , a mix of solidification modes were displayed for alloys from 1.55-1.75 Cr eq/Ni eq. Primary ferrite solidification was observed above 1.75 Cr eq/Ni eq at both 42 and 85 mm/s travel speeds. No solidification cracking was observed for alloys with primary ferrite solidification. Lastly, variable cracking behavior was found in alloys with primary austenite solidification, but in general cracking was observed in alloys with greater than 0.02 wt-% combined impurity content according to (P+0.2S).« less

  2. Solidification Sequence of Spray-Formed Steels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zepon, Guilherme; Ellendt, Nils; Uhlenwinkel, Volker; Bolfarini, Claudemiro

    2016-02-01

    Solidification in spray-forming is still an open discussion in the atomization and deposition area. This paper proposes a solidification model based on the equilibrium solidification path of alloys. The main assumptions of the model are that the deposition zone temperature must be above the alloy's solidus temperature and that the equilibrium liquid fraction at this temperature is reached, which involves partial remelting and/or redissolution of completely solidified droplets. When the deposition zone is cooled, solidification of the remaining liquid takes place under near equilibrium conditions. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) were used to analyze the microstructures of two different spray-formed steel grades: (1) boron modified supermartensitic stainless steel (SMSS) and (2) D2 tool steel. The microstructures were analyzed to determine the sequence of phase formation during solidification. In both cases, the solidification model proposed was validated.

  3. Calibration of the Software Architecture Sizing and Estimation Tool (SASET).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1995-09-01

    model is of more value than the uncalibrated one. Also, as will be discussed in Chapters 3 and 4, there are quite a few manual (and undocumented) steps...complexity, normalized effective size, and normalized effort. One other field ("development phases included") was extracted manually since it was not listed...Bowden, R.G., Cheadle, W.G., & Ratliff, R.W. SASET 3.0 Technical Reference Manual . Publication S-3730-93-2. Denver: Martin Marietta Astronautics

  4. TFaNS Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System. Volume 1; System Description, CUP3D Technical Documentation and Manual for Code Developers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Topol, David A.

    1999-01-01

    TFaNS is the Tone Fan Noise Design/Prediction System developed by Pratt & Whitney under contract to NASA Lewis (presently NASA Glenn). The purpose of this system is to predict tone noise emanating from a fan stage including the effects of reflection and transmission by the rotor and stator and by the duct inlet and nozzle. These effects have been added to an existing annular duct/isolated stator noise prediction capability. TFaNS consists of: The codes that compute the acoustic properties (reflection and transmission coefficients) of the various elements and write them to files. Cup3D: Fan Noise Coupling Code that reads these files, solves the coupling problem, and outputs the desired noise predictions. AWAKEN: CFD/Measured Wake Postprocessor which reformats CFD wake predictions and/or measured wake data so it can be used by the system. This volume of the report provides technical background for TFaNS including the organization of the system and CUP3D technical documentation. This document also provides information for code developers who must write Acoustic Property Files in the CUP3D format. This report is divided into three volumes: Volume I: System Description, CUP3D Technical Documentation, and Manual for Code Developers; Volume II: User's Manual, TFaNS Vers. 1.4; Volume III: Evaluation of System Codes.

  5. Developing Community-Based Learning Centers for Older Adults. A Technical Assistance Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sprouse, Betsy M.; Brown, Karen

    Designed for community groups and organizations, groups of older adults, senior clubs, and agencies, this manual documents the process of developing community education programs for older adults. The first section introduces the concept of a community learning center, while the second section considers whether a learning center should be…

  6. Laboratory Manual (For Concrete Instruction Course); Instructor's Guide, Pilot Program Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Portland Cement Association, Cleveland, OH.

    This laboratory manual, prepared for a 2-year program in junior colleges and technical institutes, is designed to accompany the instructional materials to train persons for employment as technicians in the cement and concrete industries. Included are 16 laboratory assignments for each of the following: (1) Principles of Concrete, (2) Concrete in…

  7. 75 FR 52625 - Amendment to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations: Export Exemption for Technical Data

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-27

    ... the provisions of the Department of Defense National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual, an... Department of Defense National Industrial Security Program Operating Manual (unless such requirements are in..., Arms Control and International Security, Department of State. [FR Doc. 2010-21450 Filed 8-26-10; 8:45...

  8. Simplified Procedures for Eutrophication Assessment and Prediction: User Manual

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-09-01

    1975), for use in the Lake Erie Wastewater Management Study and is described by Verhoff, Yaksich, and Melfi (1980) and Westerdahl et al. (1981). This...manual," Technical Re- port E-81-9, U.S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS. Westerdahl , H. E., Ford, W. B., Harris, J., and

  9. Information Manual: Procedures, Planning Concepts, Subsystems. ABS Publication No. 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California Univ., Berkeley.

    This report, the third in a series which presents the results of a systems analysis of the problem of providing science and engineering buildings at the university level, is a technical manual for using the Academic Building Systems (ABS) approach in programing, designing, and constructing such facilities. The document presents (1) planning…

  10. Calibration of the Highway Safety Manual and development of new safety performance functions for rural multilane highways in Kansas : technical summary.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-10-01

    Rural roads account for 90.3% of the 140,476 total centerline miles of roadways : in Kansas. In recent years, rural fatal crashes have accounted for about 66% : of all fatal crashes. The Highway Safety Manual (HSM) provides models and : methodologies...

  11. Bibliography for Advancement Examination Study. 1994 Edition

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-04-01

    Management (3M) Manual, OPNAVINST 4790.4 --Chapters 2 and 9 Technical Manual for Limitorque Valve Operators, NAVSEA S6435- PB -MMA-010/52374 4 Aviation...when issued.) * NRTC : MR 3&d’, NAVEDTRA 82204 (To be replaced by MR, NAVEDTRA 82204-A, when issued.) Mathematics, Vol 2-A, NAVEDTRA 10062 -- Chap 3

  12. Reference Manual for Machine-Readable Bibliographic Descriptions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, M. D., Comp.

    UNESCO, in cooperation with several other organizations, has produced a manual, the scope and purpose of which has been to define, for most types of scientific and technical literature, a set of data elements which will constitute an adequate bibliographic citation, and to define the representation of these data elements as they should appear in a…

  13. [Esophagojejunal anastomoses with the EEA stapler after total gastrectomy. Technic and immediate results apropos of a recent series of 32 cases].

    PubMed

    Le Treut, Y P; Delpero, J R; Sabiani, P; Berthet, B; Bozon-Verduraz, E; Pol, B; Bricot, R

    1987-12-01

    32 consecutive total gastrectomies for cancer (20 extended total gastrectomies) were carried out through an abdominal approach. Reconstruction using a Rouxen-Y loop (28 cases) or an interposed jejunal loop (four cases) was done with an EEA stapled oesophago jejunostomy: 25 end to side and 5 end to end anastomosis were performed and two technical failures led to complete manual anastomosis. All patients have had post-operative X-ray examination: there was no anastomotic leakage in this series, even in the 3 patients (10%) who have died during the post-operative course. A critical study of this series and eight others one from elsewhere is presented: it is concluded that the stapling device allows an easier and safer oesophagojejunostomy than manual procedure, when great care is taken of technical details.

  14. Radiological control manual. Revision 1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kloepping, R.

    1996-05-01

    This Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Radiological Control Manual (LBNL RCM) has been prepared to provide guidance for site-specific additions, supplements and interpretation of the DOE Radiological Control Manual. The guidance provided in this manual is one methodology to implement the requirements given in Title 10 Code of Federal Regulations Part 835 (10 CFR 835) and the DOE Radiological Control Manual. Information given in this manual is also intended to provide demonstration of compliance to specific requirements in 10 CFR 835. The LBNL RCM (Publication 3113) and LBNL Health and Safety Manual Publication-3000 form the technical basis for the LBNL RPPmore » and will be revised as necessary to ensure that current requirements from Rules and Orders are represented. The LBNL RCM will form the standard for excellence in the implementation of the LBNL RPP.« less

  15. Casting And Solidification Technology (CAST): Directional solidification phenomena in a metal model at reduced gravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mccay, M. H.

    1988-01-01

    The Casting and Solidification Technology (CAST) experiment will study the phenomena that occur during directional solidification of an alloy, e.g., constitutional supercooling, freckling, and dendrite coarsening. The reduced gravity environment of space will permit the individual phenomena to be examined with minimum complication from buoyancy driven flows.

  16. Simulation Computation of 430 Ferritic Stainless Steel Solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pang, Ruipeng; Li, Changrong; Wang, Fuming; Hu, Lifu

    The solidification structure of 430 ferritic stainless steel has been calculated in the solidification process by using 3D-CAFE model under the condition of water cooling. The calculated results consistent with those obtained from experiment. Under watercooling condition, the solidification structure consists of chilled layer, columnar grain zone, transition zone and equiaxed grain zone.

  17. Materials science on parabolic aircraft: The FY 1987-1989 KC-135 microgravity test program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Curreri, Peter A. (Editor)

    1993-01-01

    This document covers research results from the KC-135 Materials Science Program managed by MSFC for the period FY87 through FY89. It follows the previous NASA Technical Memorandum for FY84-86 published in August 1988. This volume contains over 30 reports grouped into eight subject areas covering acceleration levels, space flight hardware, transport and interfacial studies, thermodynamics, containerless processing, welding, melt/crucible interactions, and directional solidification. The KC-135 materials science experiments during FY87-89 accomplished direct science, preparation for space flight experiments, and justification for new experiments in orbit.

  18. Radiographic technical quality of root canal treatment performed ex vivo by dental students at Valencia University Medical and Dental School, Spain

    PubMed Central

    Faus-Matoses, Vicente; Alegre-Domingo, Teresa; Faus-Llácer, Vicente J.

    2014-01-01

    Objectives: To evaluate radiographically the quality of root canal fillings and compare manual and rotary preparation performed on extracted teeth by undergraduate dental students. Study Design: A total of 561 premolars and molars extracted teeth were prepared using nickel-titanium rotary files or manual instrumentation and filled with gutta-percha using a cold lateral condensation technique, by 4th grade undergraduate students. Periapical radiographs were used to assess the technical quality of the root canal filling, evaluating three variables: length, density and taper. These data were recorded, scored and used to study the “technical success rate” and the “overall score”. The length of each root canal filling was classified as acceptable, short and overfilled, based on their relationship with the radiographic apex. Density and taper of filling were evaluated based on the presence of voids and the uniform tapering of the filling, respectively. Statistical analysis was used to evaluate the quality of root canal treatment, considering p < 0.05 as a statistical significant level. Results: The percentage of technical success was 44% and the overall score was 7.8 out of 10. Technical success and overall score were greater with rotary instruments (52% against 28% with a manual one, p < 0.001; 8.3 against 6.7 respectively, p < 0.001). Conclusions: It appears that inexperienced operators perform better root canal treatment (RCT) with the use of rotary instrumentation. Key words:Dental education, endodontics, rotary instrumentation, radiographs, root canal treatment, undergraduate students. PMID:24121911

  19. Techniques for predicting high-risk drivers for alcohol countermeasures. Volume 1, Technical report

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1979-05-01

    This technical report, a companion to the Volume II User Manual by the same name describes the development and testing of predictive models for identifying individual with a high risk of alcohol/related (A/R) crash involvement. From a literature revi...

  20. Load research manual. Volume 3. Load research for advanced technologies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brandenburg, L.; Clarkson, G.; Grund, Jr., C.

    1980-11-01

    This three-volume manual presents technical guidelines for electric utility load research. Special attention is given to issues raised by the load data reporting requirements of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 and to problems faced by smaller utilities that are initiating load research programs. The manual includes guides to load research literature and glossaries of load research and statistical terms. In Volume 3, special load research procedures are presented for solar, wind, and cogeneration technologies.

  1. A Study to Develop a Timeline for Sequencing the Major Transitional Tasks in the Fort Sill Hospital Transition Plan

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-07-01

    efforts. 7. Ensure that transition planning materials and manuals are prepared. 8. Ensure proper orientation of staff. 9. Ensure all involved parties...software package which will integrate with the project methodology: User’s manual that is "user friendly". Tutorial with sample data for learning the...program. Menus for direction and assistance. On-line help to avoid constant referral to the manual . Technical support available via telephone. Demo

  2. AMCC casting development. Volume 1: Executive Summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1995-01-01

    The Advanced Combustion Chamber Casting (AMCC) has been a technically challenging part due to its size, configuration, and alloy type. The height and weight of the wax pattern assembly necessitated the development of a hollow gating system to ensure structural integrity of the shell throughout the investment process. The complexity in the jacket area of the casting required the development of an innovative casting technology that PCC has termed 'TGC' or Thermal Gradient Control. This method, of setting up thermal gradients in the casting during solidification, represents a significant process improvement for PCC and has been successfully implemented on other programs. Metallurgical integrity of the final four castings was very good. Only the areas of the parts that utilized 'TGC Shape & Location System #2' showed any significant areas of microshrinkage when evaluated by non-destructive tests. Alumina oxides detected by FPI on the 'float' surfaces (top sid surfaces of the casting during solidification) of the part were almost entirely less than the acceptance criteria of .032 inches in diameter. Destructive chem mill of the castings was required to determine the effect of the process variables used during the processing of these last four parts (with the exception of the 'Shape & Location of TGC' variable).

  3. Space Station Furnace Facility. Volume 2: Summary of technical reports

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1992-01-01

    The Space Station Furnace Facility (SSFF) is a modular facility for materials research in the microgravity environment of the Space Station Freedom (SSF). The SSFF is designed for crystal growth and solidification research in the fields of electronic and photonic materials, metals and alloys, and glasses and ceramics, and will allow for experimental determination of the role of gravitational forces in the solidification process. The facility will provide a capability for basic scientific research and will evaluate the commercial viability of low-gravity processing of selected technologically important materials. In order to accommodate the furnace modules with the resources required to operate, SSFF developed a design that meets the needs of the wide range of furnaces that are planned for the SSFF. The system design is divided into subsystems which provide the functions of interfacing to the SSF services, conditioning and control for furnace module use, providing the controlled services to the furnace modules, and interfacing to and acquiring data from the furnace modules. The subsystems, described in detail, are as follows: Power Conditioning and Distribution Subsystem; Data Management Subsystem; Software; Gas Distribution Subsystem; Thermal Control Subsystem; and Mechanical Structures Subsystem.

  4. Research in Automatic Russian-English Scientific and Technical Lexicography. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI.

    Techniques of reversing English-Russian scientific and technical dictionaries into Russian-English versions through semi-automated compilation are described. Sections on manual and automatic processing discuss pre- and post-editing, the task program, updater (correction of errors and revision by specialist in a given field), the system employed…

  5. NASA STI Program Seminar: Electronic documents

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1994-01-01

    The theme of this NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Seminar was electronic documents. Topics covered included Electronic Documents Management at the CASI, the Impact of Electronic Publishing on User Expectations and Searching Image Record Management, Secondary Publisher Considerations for Electronic Journal Literature, and the Technical Manual Publishing On Demand System (TMPODS).

  6. Healthy Water Healthy People Field Monitoring Guide

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Project WET Foundation, 2003

    2003-01-01

    This 100-page manual serves as a technical reference for the "Healthy Water, Healthy People Water Quality Educators Guide" and the "Healthy Water Healthy People Testing Kits". Yielding in-depth information about ten water quality parameters, it answers questions about water quality testing using technical overviews, data interpretation guidelines,…

  7. Laboratory Training Manual on the Use of Nuclear Techniques in Pesticide Research. Technical Reports Series No. 225.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna (Austria).

    Radiolabelled pesticides are used: in studies involving improved formulations of pesticides, to assist in developing standard residue analytical methodology, and in obtaining metabolism data to support registration of pesticides. This manual is designed to give the scientist involved in pesticide research the basic terms and principles for…

  8. An Overview of Addiction Research Center Inventory Scales (ARCI): An Appendix and Manual of Scales.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Haertzen, C.A.

    The Addiction Research Center Inventory is a 550 item multipurpose test measuring the broad range of physical, emotive, cognitive, and subjective effects of drugs. This manual provides technical information concerning 38 most valid scales, a quantitative method for characterizing the similarity of a profile of scores for the subject, group, or…

  9. Linking Development Benefits to Neighborhoods: A Manual of Community-Based Strategies. Technical Bulletin.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Casale, Ellen

    This manual collects experiences of successful linkage programs to demonstrate the promise of linkage and to show its limits and risks. It is intended to help communities assess the capacity of linkage to meet their needs and evaluate the considerable commitment this strategy requires. (In linkage programs, developers who receive community…

  10. Technical Report and Data File User's Manual for the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kirsch, Irwin; Yamamoto, Kentaro; Norris, Norma; Rock, Donald; Jungeblut, Ann; O'Reilly, Patricia; Berlin, Martha; Mohadjer, Leyla; Waksberg, Joseph; Goksel, Huseyin; Burke, John; Rieger, Susan; Green, James; Klein, Merle; Campbell, Anne; Jenkins, Lynn; Kolstad, Andrew; Mosenthal, Peter; Baldi, Stephane

    Chapter 1 of this report and user's manual describes design and implementation of the 1992 National Adult Literacy Survey (NALS). Chapter 2 reviews stages of sampling for national and state survey components; presents weighted and unweighted response rates for the household component; and describes non-incentive and prison sample designs. Chapter…

  11. CDPOP Users Manual

    Treesearch

    E. L. Landguth; B. K. Hand; J. M. Glassy; S. A. Cushman; M. Jacobi; T. J. Julian

    2011-01-01

    The goal of this user manual is to explain the technical aspects of the current release of the CDPOP program. CDPOP v1.0 is a major extension of the CDPOP program (Landguth and Cushman 2010). CDPOP is an individual-based program that simulates the influences of landscape structure on emergence of spatial patterns in population genetic data as functions of individual-...

  12. A Curriculum Guide for Medical Record Technologist. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Garozzo, Joyce

    This curriculum guide was developed as a result of a project conducted in Pennsylvania to review, update, and revise the vocational-technical manual on file in the Pennsylvania Department of Education and to develop sample curriculum for the preparation of a medical record technologist program using the skills developed in the manual. The guide is…

  13. Work in the Navy--A Description of Navy Officer and Enlisted Occupations. Technical Report No. 923.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McDermott, Michael N.; And Others

    The manual contains career guidance materials describing occupations and career development opportunities in the Navy. The materials were developed for integration into the Oregon Career Information System, a career education program utilizing both computerized and manual information systems. The report includes a discussion of the general work of…

  14. CSPD Technical Manual: Procedures for Comprehensive Assessment of Educational Personnel Supply/Demand. 1990 Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lauritzen, Paul; Friedman, Stephen

    This manual presents procedures for collecting data to project personnel needs in the field of special education, addressing in part the Comprehensive System of Personnel Development requirements of Public Law 94-142. Implementation of the procedures identifies: areas of education that show need for additional teachers as well as areas of surplus;…

  15. Educational Personnel Needs Assessment: CSPD Technical Manual, 1989. Critical Areas of Data Collection.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lauritzen, Paul

    This manual addresses the Comprehensive System of Personnel Development (CSPD) requirement of Public Law 94-142. It presents model procedures for the collection of data necessary to project personnel needs in special education. Implementation of the model will identify: areas of education which show need for additional teachers as well as areas of…

  16. Helping Children Affected by Substance Abuse: A Manual for the Head Start Management Team.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Education Development Center, Washington, DC.

    The manual contains technical assistance, information, and suggested strategies for staff who work with children enrolled in Head Start who are affected by substance abuse. The information is intended to bring about change and improvement in the developmental potential of these children. Chapter 1 presents general information on children affected…

  17. Programming the Generalist Volunteer: A Survey of Suggestions and Achievements.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Petrides, George

    Peace Corps programing trends outlined in this manual indicate the need to balance the more personal and social aspects of volunteer service with purely technical job performance by developing the role of generalists, or AB liberal arts graduates. Topics covered in the manual are titled "A New Look at the Generalist,""A Look at the…

  18. Patterns of technical error among surgical malpractice claims: an analysis of strategies to prevent injury to surgical patients.

    PubMed

    Regenbogen, Scott E; Greenberg, Caprice C; Studdert, David M; Lipsitz, Stuart R; Zinner, Michael J; Gawande, Atul A

    2007-11-01

    To identify the most prevalent patterns of technical errors in surgery, and evaluate commonly recommended interventions in light of these patterns. The majority of surgical adverse events involve technical errors, but little is known about the nature and causes of these events. We examined characteristics of technical errors and common contributing factors among closed surgical malpractice claims. Surgeon reviewers analyzed 444 randomly sampled surgical malpractice claims from four liability insurers. Among 258 claims in which injuries due to error were detected, 52% (n = 133) involved technical errors. These technical errors were further analyzed with a structured review instrument designed by qualitative content analysis. Forty-nine percent of the technical errors caused permanent disability; an additional 16% resulted in death. Two-thirds (65%) of the technical errors were linked to manual error, 9% to errors in judgment, and 26% to both manual and judgment error. A minority of technical errors involved advanced procedures requiring special training ("index operations"; 16%), surgeons inexperienced with the task (14%), or poorly supervised residents (9%). The majority involved experienced surgeons (73%), and occurred in routine, rather than index, operations (84%). Patient-related complexities-including emergencies, difficult or unexpected anatomy, and previous surgery-contributed to 61% of technical errors, and technology or systems failures contributed to 21%. Most technical errors occur in routine operations with experienced surgeons, under conditions of increased patient complexity or systems failure. Commonly recommended interventions, including restricting high-complexity operations to experienced surgeons, additional training for inexperienced surgeons, and stricter supervision of trainees, are likely to address only a minority of technical errors. Surgical safety research should instead focus on improving decision-making and performance in routine operations for complex patients and circumstances.

  19. Solidification/Stabilization Resource Guide

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This Solidification/Stabilization Resource Guide is intended to inform site cleanup managers of recently-published materials such as field reports and guidance documents that address issues relevant to solidification/stabilization technologies.

  20. The Solidification of Multicomponent Alloys

    PubMed Central

    Boettinger, William J.

    2017-01-01

    Various topics taken from the author’s research portfolio that involve multicomponent alloy solidification are reviewed. Topics include: ternary eutectic solidification and Scheil-Gulliver paths in ternary systems. A case study of the solidification of commercial 2219 aluminum alloy is described. Also described are modifications of the Scheil-Gulliver analysis to treat dendrite tip kinetics and solid diffusion for multicomponent alloys. PMID:28819348

  1. X-ray imaging and controlled solidification of Al-Cu alloys toward microstructures by design

    DOE PAGES

    Clarke, Amy J.; Tourret, Damien; Imhoff, Seth D.; ...

    2015-01-30

    X-ray imaging, which permits the microscopic visualization of metal alloy solidification dynamics, can be coupled with controlled solidification to create microstructures by design. In this study, this x-ray image shows a process-derived composite microstructure being made from a eutectic Al-17.1 at.%Cu alloy by successive solidification and remelting steps.

  2. Parabolic aircraft solidification experiments

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Workman, Gary L. (Principal Investigator); Smith, Guy A.; OBrien, Susan

    1996-01-01

    A number of solidification experiments have been utilized throughout the Materials Processing in Space Program to provide an experimental environment which minimizes variables in solidification experiments. Two techniques of interest are directional solidification and isothermal casting. Because of the wide-spread use of these experimental techniques in space-based research, several MSAD experiments have been manifested for space flight. In addition to the microstructural analysis for interpretation of the experimental results from previous work with parabolic flights, it has become apparent that a better understanding of the phenomena occurring during solidification can be better understood if direct visualization of the solidification interface were possible. Our university has performed in several experimental studies such as this in recent years. The most recent was in visualizing the effect of convective flow phenomena on the KC-135 and prior to that were several successive contracts to perform directional solidification and isothermal casting experiments on the KC-135. Included in this work was the modification and utilization of the Convective Flow Analyzer (CFA), the Aircraft Isothermal Casting Furnace (ICF), and the Three-Zone Directional Solidification Furnace. These studies have contributed heavily to the mission of the Microgravity Science and Applications' Materials Science Program.

  3. Solidification kinetics of a Cu-Zr alloy: ground-based and microgravity experiments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galenko, P. K.; Hanke, R.; Paul, P.; Koch, S.; Rettenmayr, M.; Gegner, J.; Herlach, D. M.; Dreier, W.; Kharanzhevski, E. V.

    2017-04-01

    Experimental and theoretical results obtained in the MULTIPHAS-project (ESA-European Space Agency and DLR-German Aerospace Center) are critically discussed regarding solidification kinetics of congruently melting and glass forming Cu50Zr50 alloy samples. The samples are investigated during solidification using a containerless technique in the Electromagnetic Levitation Facility [1]. Applying elaborated methodologies for ground-based and microgravity experimental investigations [2], the kinetics of primary dendritic solidification is quantitatively evaluated. Electromagnetic Levitator in microgravity (parabolic flights and on board of the International Space Station) and Electrostatic Levitator on Ground are employed. The solidification kinetics is determined using a high-speed camera and applying two evaluation methods: “Frame by Frame” (FFM) and “First Frame - Last Frame” (FLM). In the theoretical interpretation of the solidification experiments, special attention is given to the behavior of the cluster structure in Cu50Zr50 samples with the increase of undercooling. Experimental results on solidification kinetics are interpreted using a theoretical model of diffusion controlled dendrite growth.

  4. Study of Solidification Cracking in a Transformation-Induced Plasticity-Aided Steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Agarwal, G.; Kumar, A.; Gao, H.; Amirthalingam, M.; Moon, S. C.; Dippenaar, R. J.; Richardson, I. M.; Hermans, M. J. M.

    2018-04-01

    In situ high-temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy is applied to study solidification cracking in a TRIP steel. Solidification cracking was observed in the interdendritic region during the last stage of solidification. Atom probe tomography revealed notable enrichment of phosphorus in the last remaining liquid. Phase field simulations also confirm phosphorus enrichment leading to severe undercooling of more than 160 K in the interdendritic region. In the presence of tensile stress, an opening at the interdendritic region is difficult to fill with the remaining liquid due to low permeability and high viscosity, resulting in solidification cracking.

  5. Microstructural development during solidification of stainless steel alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elmer, J. W.; Allen, S. M.; Eagar, T. W.

    1989-10-01

    The microstructures that develop during the solidification of stainless steel alloys are related to the solidification conditions and the specific alloy composition. The solidification conditions are determined by the processing method, i.e., casting, welding, or rapid solidification, and by parametric variations within each of these techniques. One variable that has been used to characterize the effects of different processing conditions is the cooling rate. This factor and the chemical composition of the alloy both influence (1) the primary mode of solidification, (2) solute redistribution and second-phase formation during solidification, and (3) the nucleation and growth behavior of the ferrite-to-austenite phase transformation during cooling. Consequently, the residual ferrite content and the microstructural morphology depend on the cooling rate and are governed by the solidification process. This paper investigates the influence of cooling rate on the microstructure of stainless steel alloys and describes the conditions that lead to the many microstructural morphologies that develop during solidification. Experiments were performed on a series of seven high-purity Fe-Ni-Cr alloys that spanned the line of twofold saturation along the 59 wt pct Fe isopleth of the ternary alloy system. High-speed electron-beam surface-glazing was used to melt and resolidify these alloys at scan speeds up to 5 m/s. The resulting cooling rates were shown to vary from 7°C/s to 7.5×106°C/s, and the resolidified melts were analyzed by optical metallographic methods. Five primary modes of solidification and 12 microstructural morphologies were characterized in the resolidified alloys, and these features appear to be a complete “set” of the possible microstructures for 300-series stainless steel alloys. The results of this study were used to create electron-beam scan speed vs composition diagrams, which can be used to predict the primary mode of solidification and the microstructural morphology for different processing conditions. Furthermore, changes in the primary solidification mode were observed in alloys that lie on the chromium-rich side of the line of twofold saturation when they are cooled at high rates. These changes were explained by the presence of metastable austenite, which grows epitaxially and can dominate the solidification microstructure throughout the resolidified zone at high cooling rates.

  6. DEMONSTRATION BULLETIN: SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION PROCESS, Hazcon, Inc.

    EPA Science Inventory

    The solidification/stabilization technology mixes hazardous wastes, cement, water and an additive called Chloranan. Chloranan, a nontoxic chemical, encapsulates organic molecules, rendering them ineffective in retarding or inhibiting solidification. This treatment technol...

  7. Investigating gas-phase defect formation in late-stage solidification using a novel phase-field crystal alloy model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Nan; Smith, Nathan; Provatas, Nikolas

    2017-09-01

    We study late-stage solidification and the associated formation of defects in alloy materials using a novel model based on the phase-field-crystal technique. It is shown that our model successfully captures several important physical phenomena that occur in the late stages of solidification, including solidification shrinkage, liquid cavitation and microsegregation, all in a single framework. By examining the interplay of solidification shrinkage and solute segregation, this model reveals that the formation of gas pore defects at the late stage of solidification can lead to nucleation of second phase solid particles due to solute enrichment in the eutectic liquid driven by gas-phase nucleation and growth. We also predict a modification of the Gulliver-Scheil equation in the presence of gas pockets in confined liquid pools.

  8. Core solidification and dynamo evolution in a mantle-stripped planetesimal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Scheinberg, A.; Elkins-Tanton, L. T.; Schubert, G.; Bercovici, D.

    2016-01-01

    The physical processes active during the crystallization of a low-pressure, low-gravity planetesimal core are poorly understood but have implications for asteroidal magnetic fields and large-scale asteroidal structure. We consider a core with only a thin silicate shell, which could be analogous to some M-type asteroids including Psyche, and use a parameterized thermal model to predict a solidification timeline and the resulting chemical profile upon complete solidification. We then explore the potential strength and longevity of a dynamo in the planetesimal's early history. We find that cumulate inner core solidification would be capable of sustaining a dynamo during solidification, but less power would be available for a dynamo in an inward dendritic solidification scenario. We also model and suggest limits on crystal settling and compaction of a possible cumulate inner core.

  9. Size-dependent microstructures in rapidly solidified uranium-niobium powder particles

    DOE PAGES

    McKeown, Joseph T.; Hsiung, Luke L.; Park, Jong M.; ...

    2016-06-14

    The microstructures of rapidly solidified U-6wt%Nb powder particles synthesized by centrifugal atomization were characterized using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Observed variations in microstructure are related to particle sizes. All of the powder particles exhibited a two-zone microstructure. The formation of this two-zone microstructure is described by a transition from solidification controlled by internal heat flow and high solidification rate during recalescence (micro-segregation-free or partitionless growth) to solidification controlled by external heat flow with slower solidification rates (dendritic growth with solute redistribution). The extent of partitionless solidification increased with decreasing particle size due to larger undercoolings in smallermore » particles prior to solidification. The metastable phases that formed are related to variations in Nb concentration across the particles. Lastly, the microstructures of the powders were heavily twinned.« less

  10. Flight dynamics analysis and simulation of heavy lift airships. Volume 2: Technical manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ringland, R. F.; Tischler, M. B.; Jex, H. R.; Emmen, R. D.; Ashkenas, I. L.

    1982-01-01

    The mathematical models embodied in the simulation are described in considerable detail and with supporting evidence for the model forms chosen. In addition the trimming and linearization algorithms used in the simulation are described. Appendices to the manual identify reference material for estimating the needed coefficients for the input data and provide example simulation results.

  11. Water and Sanitation Technologies: A Trainer's Manual. Training for Development. Peace Corps Information Collection & Exchange Training Manual No. T-32.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hanson, Bradley D.

    This guide, which includes an outline of 222 hours of technical training integrated with training in community organization techniques, is intended for trainers who prepare Peace Corps water and sanitation technicians and engineers for field service. The training program developed by the guide covers these subject areas: community development,…

  12. General Safety Manual for Vocational-Technical Education and Industrial Arts Programs. Bulletin No. 1674.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dennis, Bill; Poston, David

    This manual is designed to offer suggestions for teaching safety in Louisiana industrial arts and vocational education programs. The suggestions and information presented are intended for use in an ongoing safety program, not a short unit presented at the beginning of the school year. Following an introduction in unit 1, the material has been…

  13. Technical Guidelines and References: Crops Training Component. From: Agricultural Development Workers Training Manual. Volume III: Crops.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peace Corps, Washington, DC. Information Collection and Exchange Div.

    This reference manual for training Peace Corps agricultural development workers deals with crops. The document begins with common units of area, length, weight, volume, and conversions between them. A practice problem is worked and other conversion problems are given. The second section is intended to show agricultural field workers how to survey…

  14. Observation and Coding Manual for the Longitudinal Study of Reading Comprehension and Science Concept Acquisition (Third Edition). Technical Report No. L-1.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Meyer, Linda A.; And Others

    This manual describes the model--specifically the observation procedures and coding systems--used in a longitudinal study of how children learn to comprehend what they read, with particular emphasis on science texts. Included are procedures for the following: identifying students; observing--recording observations and diagraming the room; writing…

  15. 'Buildings in Use' Study. Technical Factors.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wisconsin Univ., Milwaukee. School of Architecture and Urban Planning.

    The second report of the 'Buildings in Use' study documents the results of over 100 field tests conducted at four elementary schools, as well as discussion of these results and relevant technical specifications and details. The procedural framework used in the Field Tests Manual is followed and test results are rated numerically wherever possible.…

  16. The SI Metric System and Practical Applications.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carney, Richard W.

    Intended for use in the technical program of a technical institute or community college, this student manual is designed to provide background in the metric system contributing to employability. Nine units are presented with objectives stated for each unit followed by questions or exercises. (Printed answers are supplied when necessary.) Unit 1…

  17. Cooperative Education Guidelines for Technical Colleges and Other Associate Degree Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Streb, Thomas C.; Hammen, William C.

    Guidelines for cooperative education in two-year technical colleges as well as for other associate degree programs are presented in this 15 chapter manual. Chapter 1 covers cooperative education history, current status, advantages and disadvantages, purposes, and information sources. Chapter 2 on personnel presents an overview and discusses the…

  18. 45 CFR 1182.15 - Institute responsibility for maintaining adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards to...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... record systems. These security safeguards shall apply to all systems in which identifiable personal data... data and automated systems shall be adequately trained in the security and privacy of personal data. (4... technical, physical, and security safeguards to prevent unauthorized disclosure or destruction of manual and...

  19. 45 CFR 1159.15 - Who has the responsibility for maintaining adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... disclosure or destruction of manual and automatic record systems. These security safeguards shall apply to... use of records contained in a system of records are adequately trained to protect the security and... adequate technical, physical, and security safeguards to prevent unauthorized disclosure or destruction of...

  20. Policies and Procedures Governing the Operation of Vocational-Technical Education in Nevada.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nevada State Dept. of Education, Carson City. Div. of Vocational-Technical and Adult Education.

    This manual was prepared to assist local public schools in organizing and conducting a broadened program of vocational education of significant scope. Operating policies and procedures are provided in areas of: (1) Administration of Vocational-Technical Education, (2) Agricultural Education, (3) Vocational Business and Office Occupations, (4)…

  1. 77 FR 39800 - Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel: Draft Technical Assistance Manual

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ... specific learning disabilities. (Sec. 382.3). What is not considered a physical or mental impairment... Secretary 14 CFR Part 382 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel: Draft Technical... [Docket No. DOT-OST-2012--0098] Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Air Travel: Draft...

  2. Directional Solidification and Liquidus Projection of the Sn-Co-Cu System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Sinn-Wen; Chang, Jui-Shen; Pan, Kevin; Hsu, Chia-Ming; Hsu, Che-Wei

    2013-04-01

    This study investigates the Sn-Co-Cu ternary system, which is of interest to the electronics industry. Ternary Sn-Co-Cu alloys were prepared, their as-solidified microstructures were examined, and their primary solidification phases were determined. The primary solidification phases observed were Cu, Co, Co3Sn2, CoSn, CoSn2, Cu6Sn5, Co3Sn2, γ, and β phases. Although there are ternary compounds reported in this ternary system, no ternary compound was found as the primary solidification phase. The directional solidification technique was applied when difficulties were encountered using the conventional quenching method to distinguish the primary solidification phases, such as Cu6Sn5, Cu3Sn, and γ phases. Of all the primary solidification phases, the Co3Sn2 and Co phases have the largest compositional regimes in which alloys display them as the primary solidification phases. There are four class II reactions and four class III reactions. The reactions with the highest and lowest reaction temperatures are both class III reactions, and are L + CoSn2 + Cu6Sn5 = CoSn3 at 621.5 K (348.3 °C) and L + Co3Sn2 + CoSn = Cu6Sn5 at 1157.8 K (884.6 °C), respectively.

  3. Rapid Solidification in Bulk Ti-Nb Alloys by Single-Track Laser Melting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Roehling, John D.; Perron, Aurélien; Fattebert, Jean-Luc; Haxhimali, Tomorr; Guss, Gabe; Li, Tian T.; Bober, David; Stokes, Adam W.; Clarke, Amy J.; Turchi, Patrice E. A.; Matthews, Manyalibo J.; McKeown, Joseph T.

    2018-05-01

    Single-track laser melting experiments were performed on bulk Ti-Nb alloys to explore process parameters and the resultant macroscopic structure and microstructure. The microstructures in Ti-20Nb and Ti-50Nb (at.%) alloys exhibited cellular growth during rapid solidification, with average cell size of approximately 0.5 µm. Solidification velocities during cellular growth were calculated from images of melt tracks. Measurements of the composition in the cellular and intercellular regions revealed nonequilibrium partitioning and its dependence on velocity during rapid solidification. Experimental results were used to benchmark a phase-field model to describe rapid solidification under conditions relevant to additive manufacturing.

  4. Evolutions of lamellar structure during melting and solidification of Fe9577 nanoparticle from molecular dynamics simulations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Yongquan; Shen, Tong; Lu, Xionggang

    2013-03-01

    A structural evolution during solidification and melting processes of nanoparticle Fe9577 was investigated from MD simulations. A perfect lamellar structure, consisting alternately of fcc and hcp layers, was obtained from solidification process. A structural heredity of early embryo is proposed to explain the structural preference of solidification. Defects were found inside the solid core and play the same role as surface premelting on melting. hcp was found more stable than fcc in high temperature. The difference between melting and solidification points can be deduced coming fully from the overcoming of thermodynamic energy barrier, instead of kinetic delay of structural relaxation.

  5. The Solidification Velocity of Undercooled Nickel and Titanium Alloys with Dilute Solute

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Algoso, Paul R.; Altgilbers, A. S.; Hofmeister, William H.; Bayuzick, Robert J.

    2003-01-01

    The study of solidification velocity is important for two reasons. First, understanding the manner in which the degree of undercooling of the liquid and solidification velocity affect the microstructure of the solid is fundamental. Second, there is disagreement between theoretical predictions of the relationship between undercooling and solidification velocity and experimental results. Thus, the objective of this research is to accurately and systematically quantify the solidification velocity as a function of undercooling for dilute nickel-and titanium-based alloys. The alloys chosen for study cover a wide range of equilibrium partition coefficients, and the results are compared to current theory.

  6. Development of a High Chromium Ni-Base Filler Metal Resistant to Ductility Dip Cracking and Solidification Cracking

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hope, Adam T.

    Many nuclear reactor components previously constructed with Ni-based alloys containing 20 wt% Cr have been found to be susceptible to stress corrosion cracking. The nuclear power industry now uses high chromium (˜30wt%) Ni-based filler metals to mitigate stress corrosion cracking. Current alloys are plagued with weldability issues, either solidification cracking or ductility dip cracking (DDC). Solidification cracking is related to solidification temperature range and the DDC is related to the fraction eutectic present in the microstructure. It was determined that an optimal alloy should have a solidification temperature range less than 150°C and at least 2% volume fraction eutectic. Due to the nature of the Nb rich eutectic that forms, it is difficult to avoid both cracking types simultaneously. Through computational modeling, alternative eutectic forming elements, Hf and Ta, have been identified as replacements for Nb in such alloys. Compositions have been optimized through a combination of computational and experimental techniques combined with a design of experiment methodology. Small buttons were melted using commercially pure materials in a copper hearth to obtain the desired compositions. These buttons were then subjected to a gas tungsten arc spot weld. A type C thermocouple was used to acquire the cooling history during the solidification process. The cooling curves were processed using Single Sensor Differential Thermal Analysis to determine the solidification temperature range, and indicator of solidification cracking susceptibility. Metallography was performed to determine the fraction eutectic present, an indicator of DDC resistance. The optimal level of Hf to resist cracking was found to be 0.25 wt%. The optimal level of Ta was found to be 4 wt%. gamma/MC type eutectics were found to form first in all Nb, Ta, and Hf-bearing compositions. Depending on Fe and Cr content, gamma/Laves eutectic was sometimes found in Nb and Ta-bearing compositions, while Hf-bearing compositions had gamma/Ni7Hf2 as the final eutectic to solidify. This study found that the extra Cr in the current generation alloys promotes the gamma/Laves phase eutectic, which expands the solidification temperature range and promotes solidification cracking. Both Ta-bearing and Hf-bearing eutectics were found to solidify at higher temperatures than Nb-bearing eutectics, leading to narrower solidification temperature ranges. Weldability testing on the optimized Ta-bearing compositions revealed good resistance to both DDC and solidification cracking. Unexpectedly, the optimized Hf-bearing compositions were quite susceptible to solidification cracking. This led to an investigation on the possible wetting effect of eutectics on solidification cracking susceptibly, and a theory on how wetting affects the solidification crack susceptibility and the volume fraction of eutectic needed for crack healing has been proposed. Alloys with eutectics that easily wet the grain boundaries have increased solidification crack susceptibility at low volume fraction eutectics, but as the fraction eutectic is increased, experience crack healing at relatively lower fraction eutectics than alloys with eutectics that don't wet as easily. Hf rich eutectics were found to wet grain boundaries significantly more than Nb rich eutectics. Additions of Mo were also found to increase the wetting of eutectics in Nb-bearing alloys.

  7. Space Processing Applications Rocket (SPAR) project, SPAR 9

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poorman, R. (Compiler)

    1984-01-01

    SPAR 9 (R-17) payload configuration, rocket performance, payload support, science payload instrumentation, and payload recovery are discussed. Directional solidification of magnetic composites, directional solidification of immiscible aluminum-indium alloys, and comparative alloy solidification experiments are reported.

  8. Modelling direction solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilcox, W. R.

    1986-01-01

    The overall objective of this program is to develop an improved understanding of some phenomena of importance to directional solidification. The aim of this research is also to help predict differences in behavior between solidification on Earth and solidification in space. In this report, the validity of the Burton-Primslichter equation is explored. The influence of operating variables on grain and twin generation and propagation in single crystals of In sub (x) Ga sub (1-x) Sb is also investigated.

  9. Optimization of Superaustenitic Stainless Steel Filler Metals for Welding Advanced Double Hull Combatant Ships

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-02-16

    alloy is also given. The solidification mode of martensitic samples has been omitted and replaced with ’M’. Mo Ni +Cr Cr Ni ... alloys composed predominately of austenite. The four solidification modes present in the remaining 64 alloys , in order of increasing Cr/ Ni content, were...result in Fe- Ni -Cr-Mo alloys from the arc-melt condition. Solidification Solidification Primar- Secondar- Final microstrncture Mode

  10. Application of Solidification Theory to Rapid Solidification Processing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-08-01

    1879 (1982). E 7] W. J. Boettinger, R. J. Schaefer, F. Biancaniello, and D. Shechtman, Met. Trans. A ., to be published. E 8] W. J. Bettinger , S. R...solidification velocity which produce a special "banded" microstructure in Ag-Cu alloys. Related lower bound to theoretical limits on solidification...partitionless rapid solidifi- cation of NiAl-Cr quasibinary eutectic alloy rather than a disordered structure incorporating Ni and Al into Cr randomly

  11. Melt Flow Control in the Directional Solidification of Binary Alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Zabaras, Nicholas

    2003-01-01

    Our main project objectives are to develop computational techniques based on inverse problem theory that can be used to design directional solidification processes that lead to desired temperature gradient and growth conditions at the freezing front at various levels of gravity. It is known that control of these conditions plays a significant role in the selection of the form and scale of the obtained solidification microstructures. Emphasis is given on the control of the effects of various melt flow mechanisms on the local to the solidification front conditions. The thermal boundary conditions (furnace design) as well as the magnitude and direction of an externally applied magnetic field are the main design variables. We will highlight computational design models for sharp front solidification models and briefly discuss work in progress toward the development of design techniques for multi-phase volume-averaging based solidification models.

  12. Nanoparticle-induced unusual melting and solidification behaviours of metals

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Chao; Chen, Lianyi; Cao, Chezheng; Li, Xiaochun

    2017-01-01

    Effective control of melting and solidification behaviours of materials is significant for numerous applications. It has been a long-standing challenge to increase the melted zone (MZ) depth while shrinking the heat-affected zone (HAZ) size during local melting and solidification of materials. In this paper, nanoparticle-induced unusual melting and solidification behaviours of metals are reported that effectively solve this long-time dilemma. By introduction of Al2O3 nanoparticles, the MZ depth of Ni is increased by 68%, while the corresponding HAZ size is decreased by 67% in laser melting at a pulse energy of 0.18 mJ. The addition of SiC nanoparticles shows similar results. The discovery of the unusual melting and solidification of materials that contain nanoparticles will not only have impacts on existing melting and solidification manufacturing processes, such as laser welding and additive manufacturing, but also on other applications such as pharmaceutical processing and energy storage. PMID:28098147

  13. Experimental Study on the Anisotropic Stress-Strain Behavior of Polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga in Directional Solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Teng, Yao; Shi, Tao; Zhu, Yuping; Li, Zongbin; Deng, Tao; Bai, Guonan

    2016-03-01

    A polycrystalline Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy produced by directional solidification is the subject of this research paper. The compressive stress-strain curves of the material for different cutting angles to the solidification direction are tested. The martensite Young's modulus, macroscopic reorientation strain, and phase transition critical stress are analyzed experimentally. The results show that mechanical behaviors in the loading-unloading cycle of the material present nonlinear and anisotropic characteristics, which are all closely related to the material's orientation to the solidification direction. The martensite Young's modulus, macroscopic reorientation strain, and phase transition critical stress achieve maximum values in the solidification direction. A 50° orientation to the solidification direction is the cut-off direction of the mechanical properties, where the martensite Young's modulus and reorientation start critical stress reach minimum values. The present study is expected to provide sound guidance for practical applications.

  14. Premature melt solidification during mold filling and its influence on the as-cast structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, M.; Ahmadein, M.; Ludwig, A.

    2018-03-01

    Premature melt solidification is the solidification of a melt during mold filling. In this study, a numerical model is used to analyze the influence of the pouring process on the premature solidification. The numerical model considers three phases, namely, air, melt, and equiaxed crystals. The crystals are assumed to have originated from the heterogeneous nucleation in the undercooled melt resulting from the first contact of the melt with the cold mold during pouring. The transport of the crystals by the melt flow, in accordance with the socalled "big bang" theory, is considered. The crystals are assumed globular in morphology and capable of growing according to the local constitutional undercooling. These crystals can also be remelted by mixing with the superheated melt. As the modeling results, the evolutionary trends of the number density of the crystals and the volume fraction of the solid crystals in the melt during pouring are presented. The calculated number density of the crystals and the volume fraction of the solid crystals in the melt at the end of pouring are used as the initial conditions for the subsequent solidification simulation of the evolution of the as-cast structure. A five-phase volume-average model for mixed columnar-equiaxed solidification is used for the solidification simulation. An improved agreement between the simulation and experimental results is achieved by considering the effect of premature melt solidification during mold filling. Finally, the influences of pouring parameters, namely, pouring temperature, initial mold temperature, and pouring rate, on the premature melt solidification are discussed.

  15. Convection and Solidification with Applications to Crystal Growth

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    DeVahl Davis, Graham

    1994-01-01

    An outline is given of research on the directional solidification of a liquid, and of the effects of natural convection thereon. Three problems which have been studied are described. Finally, current work on solidification in microgravity conditions is discussed.

  16. Investigation of the Relationship between Undercooling and Solidification Velocity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bayuzick, Robert J.; Hofmeister, William H.

    2004-01-01

    This work was aimed at reconciling the differences between experimental measurements of the theoretical predictions of the solidification velocity as a function of undercooling. The theory proposed by Boettinger, Coriell and Trivedi (the BCT theory) has been one of the most widely used models for describing the nature of the solidification of undercooled metals and alloys. However, for undercoolings greater than about 5% of the absolute melting temperature, there is considerable discrepancy between theory and experiment. At these large undercoolings, experimental results exhibit a much lessened dependency of solidification velocity on undercooling than is predicted by theory. Furthermore, unpredicted plateaus in the solidification velocity as a function of undercooling are observed.

  17. MPS Solidification Model. Volume 2: Operating guide and software documentation for the unsteady model

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Maples, A. L.

    1981-01-01

    The operation of solidification Model 2 is described and documentation of the software associated with the model is provided. Model 2 calculates the macrosegregation in a rectangular ingot of a binary alloy as a result of unsteady horizontal axisymmetric bidirectional solidification. The solidification program allows interactive modification of calculation parameters as well as selection of graphical and tabular output. In batch mode, parameter values are input in card image form and output consists of printed tables of solidification functions. The operational aspects of Model 2 that differ substantially from Model 1 are described. The global flow diagrams and data structures of Model 2 are included. The primary program documentation is the code itself.

  18. Modeling of Microstructure Evolution During Alloy Solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Mingfang; Pan, Shiyan; Sun, Dongke

    In recent years, considerable advances have been achieved in the numerical modeling of microstructure evolution during solidification. This paper presents the models based on the cellular automaton (CA) technique and lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), which can reproduce a wide variety of solidification microstructure features observed experimentally with an acceptable computational efficiency. The capabilities of the models are addressed by presenting representative examples encompassing a broad variety of issues, such as the evolution of dendritic structure and microsegregation in two and three dimensions, dendritic growth in the presence of convection, divorced eutectic solidification of spheroidal graphite irons, and gas porosity formation. The simulations offer insights into the underlying physics of microstructure formation during alloy solidification.

  19. Outsourcing Library Technical Services. A How-To-Do-It Manual for Librarians. How-To-Do-It Manuals for Librarians, Number 69.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hirshon, Arnold; Winters, Barbara

    In the effort to reduce costs, improve productivity, enhance quality of services, and improve turnaround time for ordering, receiving, and cataloging new materials, libraries are increasingly turning to outsourcing as a strategic management tool to help them maximize use of their fiscal and human resources. This guide covers all aspects of…

  20. Teamwork in Task Analysis. Training Manual V. Evaluation of the Marine Corps Task Analysis Program. Technical Report No. 9.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kuriloff, Arthur H.; Yoder, Dale

    This training manual provides guidelines for effective teamwork and work-team maintenance and development. It was designed for use in the Marine Corps Task Analysis program, in which staff members are organized to form a work-team whose continuing performance as an effective team is crucial for success of the project. Chapter 1, the major portion…

  1. SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION (SDI). VOLUME II, IMPLEMENTATION MANUAL. FINAL REPORT. ARMY TECHNICAL LIBRARY IMPROVEMENT STUDIES (ATLIS), REPORT NO. 16.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    BIVONA, WILLIAM A.

    A SET OF GUIDELINES FOR IMPLEMENTING AND OPERATING A REPLICA OF A PROTOTYPE SELECTIVE DISSEMINATION OF INFORMATION (SDI) SYSTEM TESTED AT U.S. ARMY NATICK LABORATORIES, AND REPORTED IN LI 000 273, IS GIVEN IN THIS MANUAL. INFORMATION IS SUPPLIED WHICH IS USEFUL IN THE INITIAL STAGES OF IMPLEMENTATION. THE APPLICATION OF SPECIFIC CRITERIA FOR…

  2. Word Lists to Simplify Vocabulary of Technical Information. Final Report.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kincaid, J. Peter; And Others

    This report describes eight word lists developed for use as part of the computer readability editing system (CRES), which was developed to serve as an author's aid in improving the ease of comprehending Navy technical manuals and training materials. The system has features which flag uncommon and misspelled words and long sentences, suggest simple…

  3. The Culture of Futility and Its Impact on Study Culture in Technical/Vocational Schools in Belgium

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Van Houtte, Mieke; Stevens, Peter A. J.

    2010-01-01

    Starting from the present knowledge society with its social overvaluing of cognition and white-collar jobs at the expense of manual labour, this article examines whether school type--academic versus technical/vocational schools--relates to students' sense of futility. It assesses the schools' culture of futility and investigates the explanatory…

  4. Fiscal Year 1986 Technical Objective Document (TOD).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-03-01

    abilties superior to other IR and manual turrets. - START DATE: FY 88 END DATE: FY 90" PROJECT TITLE: COMPOSITE METAL FIRES EE 62:06 JON: 2673XXXX...TECHNOLOGY: FIRE ELEMENT: INTERACTION DESCRIPTION (TECHNICAL OBJECTIVE) Evaluate a new series of agents "BORALONS" capable of extinguishing metal fires and...PROJECT TITLE: COMPOSITE METAL FIRES PE: 63723 JON: 2104XXXX

  5. Methods and Models of the Hanford Internal Dosimetry Program, PNNL-MA-860

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carbaugh, Eugene H.; Bihl, Donald E.; Maclellan, Jay A.

    2003-01-03

    This manual describes the technical basis for the design of the routine radiobioassay monitoring program and assessments of internal dose. Its purpose is to provide a historical record of the methods, models, and assumptions used for internal dosimetry at Hanford, and serve as a technical reference for radiation protection and dosimetry staff.

  6. Das Sprachlabor in der Schule (The Language Laboratory in Schools).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cabus, Hans-Joachim; Freudenstein, Reinhold

    This technical manual for the use of language laboratories includes information on the following topics: (1) types of laboratories, (2) the tape, (3) the tape recorder, (4) other basic technical equipment, (5) the audio-active laboratory, the audio-active-compare laboratory, and an evaluation of the two, (6) possibilities for expanded use, (7)…

  7. A Data Audit and Analysis Toolkit To Support Assessment of the First College Year.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Paulson, Karen

    This "toolkit" provides a process by which institutions can identify and use information resources to enhance the experiences and outcomes of first-year students. The toolkit contains a "Technical Manual" designed for use by the technical personnel who will be conducting the data audit and associated analyses. Administrators who want more…

  8. Effect of solidification rate on microstructure evolution in dual phase microalloyed steel

    PubMed Central

    Kostryzhev, A. G.; Slater, C. D.; Marenych, O. O.; Davis, C. L.

    2016-01-01

    In steels the dependence of ambient temperature microstructure and mechanical properties on solidification rate is not well reported. In this work we investigate the microstructure and hardness evolution for a low C low Mn NbTi-microalloyed steel solidified in the cooling rate range of 1–50 Cs−1. The maximum strength was obtained at the intermediate solidification rate of 30 Cs−1. This result has been correlated to the microstructure variation with solidification rate. PMID:27759109

  9. Al and Mg Alloys for Aerospace Applications Using Rapid Solidification and Power Metallurgy Processing.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-10-07

    primary solidification phase in the alloy in this condition was identified by CBED as Mg 2 Si , which formed dendrites within the matrix. Each... solidification below the extended c-liquidus. Evolution of Microstructure in Melt-spun Mg- Si Alloys -, The microstructurcs observed in the alloys can...solidificaion pr(es .. in the cellular (dendritic) regime. Solidification of the 5.0 wt.% Si alloy occurs in the coupled eutectic region, and the 8.0 wt.% Si

  10. Rapid solidification of levitation melted Ni-Sn alloy droplets with high undercooling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shiohara, Yuh; Flemings, Merton C.; Wu, Yanzhong; Piccone, Thomas J.

    1985-01-01

    Experimental results obtained by high-speed optical temperature sensing for the rapid solidification of highly undercooled, levitation-melted Ni-Sn alloy droplets are presented. These data suggest a solidification model proceeding according to overlapping steps: (1) dendritic growth within the bulk undercooled melt, (2) continued recalescence as supersaturation of the interdendritic liquid dissipates, (3) fine-scale remelting within the dendrites, (4) ripening of the fine structure, and (5) solidification of remaining liquid at the end of recalescence.

  11. Fundamentals of rapid solidification processing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Flemings, Merton C.; Shiohara, Yuh

    1985-01-01

    An attempt is made to illustrate the continuous change that occurs in the solidification behavior of undercooled melts, as cooling rates increase from 0.0001 K/sec to about 1000 K/sec. At the higher cooling rates, more significant changes occur as the dendrite tip temperature begins to drop from the equilibrium liquidus. Discontinuous solidification behavior changes will occur if absolute stability is reached, or a metastable phase forms, or solidification proceeds to a glass rather than to a crystalline solid, or if there is significant undercooling prior to nucleation.

  12. ASEAN GMP and pharmaceutical industries in Indonesia.

    PubMed

    Soesilo, S; Sitorus, U

    1995-01-01

    Indonesia was appointed by the ASEAN Technical Cooperation in Pharmaceutical as a focal point and to coordinate the development of practical guidelines for the implementation of GMP. The ASEAN GMP Guidelines were endorsed by the ASEAN Technical Cooperation in Pharmaceutical in 1988, which among others required separation of Beta-Lactam dedicated facilities and three degrees of cleanliness for production areas. As it was realised that drug manufacturers in developing countries need more detailed guidelines to be able to implement the GMP, an Operational Manual for GMP was also prepared for providing examples of SOPs lay-outs, documentation etc. It was agreed by the technical cooperation group to leave the implementation of GMP to each member country. However, the ASEAN Manual for Inspection of GMP was drafted and endorsed by the group and training of ASEAN Drug Inspectors was organized to support the implementation. The ASEAN GMP is being implemented in Indonesia through a five-year, stepwise implementation plan, starting in 1989.

  13. Methods and Models of the Hanford Internal Dosimetry Program, PNNL-MA-860

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Carbaugh, Eugene H.; Bihl, Donald E.; Maclellan, Jay A.

    2009-09-30

    The Hanford Internal Dosimetry Program (HIDP) provides internal dosimetry support services for operations at the Hanford Site. The HIDP is staffed and managed by the Radiation and Health Technology group, within the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL). Operations supported by the HIDP include research and development, the decontamination and decommissioning of facilities formerly used to produce and purify plutonium, and waste management activities. Radioelements of particular interest are plutonium, uranium, americium, tritium, and the fission and activation product radionuclides 137Cs, 90Sr, and 60Co. This manual describes the technical basis for the design of the routine bioassay monitoring program and formore » assessment of internal dose. The purposes of the manual are as follows: • Provide assurance that the HIDP derives from a sound technical base. • Promote the consistency and continuity of routine program activities. • Provide a historical record. • Serve as a technical reference for radiation protection personnel. • Aid in identifying and planning for future needs.« less

  14. Microstructural evolution and precipitation behavior in heat affected zone of Inconel 625 and AISI 904L dissimilar welds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Senthur Prabu, S.; Devendranath Ramkumar, K.; Arivazhagan, N.

    2017-11-01

    In the present investigation an attempt has been made to join the dissimilar combination of Inconel 625 super alloy and super austenitic stainless steel (AISI 904L) using manual multi-pass continuous current gas tungsten arc (CCGTA) welding processes. Two different filler wires such as ERNiCrMo-4 and ERNiCrCoMo-1 have been used to compare the metallurgical properties of these welded joints. Both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy techniques were adopted to disseminate the microstructure traits of these weldments. Formation of secondary phases at the HAZ and weld interface of AISI 904L was witnessed while using the ERNiCrCoMo-1 filler, along with Solidification Grain Boundary (SGB) and Migrated Grain Boundary (MGB) were also observed at the weld zone.

  15. Technology Performance Review: Selecting And Using Solidification/Stabilization Treatment For Site Remediation

    EPA Science Inventory

    Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) is a widely used treatment technology to prevent migration and exposure of contaminants from a contaminated media (i.e., soil, sludge and sediment). Solidification refers to a process that binds a contaminated media with a reagent changing its ...

  16. ERIC Processing Manual. Rules and Guidelines for the Acquisition, Selection, and Technical Processing of Documents and Journal Articles by the Various Components of the ERIC Network.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brandhorst, Ted, Ed.; And Others

    This loose-leaf manual provides the detailed rules, guidelines, and examples to be used by the components of the Educational Resources Information Center (ERIC) Network in acquiring and selecting documents and in processing them (i.e., cataloging, indexing, abstracting) for input to the ERIC computer system and subsequent announcement in…

  17. Carpentry: Apprentice Related Training. Instructor's Manual. First, Second, Third, Fourth Years of a Four-Year Series in Four Volumes.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Washington State Coordinating Council for Occupational Education, Olympia.

    The course of related study in the carpentry trade is designed to meet the need for organized study in the various technical aspects necessary for an apprentice to become a well-trained journeyman. Divided into four one-year programs, the instructor's manual for the first year presents lessons on familiarizing the student with the trade and its…

  18. Development of iPad application "Postima" for quantitative analysis of the effects of manual therapy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sugiyama, Naruhisa; Shirakawa, Tomohiro

    2017-07-01

    The technical difficulty of diagnosing joint misalignment and/or dysfunction by quantitative evaluation is commonly acknowledged among manual therapists. Usually, manual therapists make a diagnosis based on a combination of observing patient symptoms and performing physical examinations, both of which rely on subjective criteria and thus contain some uncertainty. We thus sought to investigate the correlations among posture, skeletal misalignment, and pain severity over the course of manual therapy treatment, and to explore the possibility of establishing objective criteria for diagnosis. For this purpose, we developed an iPad application that realizes the measurement of patients' postures and analyzes them quantitatively. We also discuss the results and effectiveness of the measurement and analysis.

  19. Writing the Trenches: What Students of Technical Writing and Literature Can Learn Together

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Baake, Ken; Shelton, Jen

    2017-01-01

    We argue for a course in which students analyze writing about a common topic--in this case World War I--from multiple genres (e.g., poetry and technical manuals). We address the divide between instruction in pragmatic and literary writing and calls to bridge that gap. Students working in disparate areas of English learn the strengths and the…

  20. El Lexico Tecnico Espanol E Ingles: Linguistica y Humanismo (Spanish/English Lexicon: Linguistics and Humanism).

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vivanco, Veronica

    This manual, written in Spanish, contains a linguistic study to show that all sciences, whether economic or social, technical or humanistic in nature have a direct impact on our terminology. Starting with general linguistic considerations on technical terms in both English and Spanish, the study advances to semantics used in symbolic language. It…

  1. Applied Reading Test--Forms A and B, Interim Manual, and Answer Sheets.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Australian Council for Educational Research, Hawthorn.

    Designed for use in the selection of apprentices, trainees, technical and trade personnel, and any other persons who need to read and understand text of a technical nature, this Applied Reading Test specimen set contains six passages and 32 items, has a 30-minute time limit, and is presented in a reusable multiple choice test booklet. The specimen…

  2. Structures Self-Assembled Through Directional Solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dynys, Frederick W.; Sayir, Ali

    2005-01-01

    Nanotechnology has created a demand for new fabrication methods with an emphasis on simple, low-cost techniques. Directional solidification of eutectics (DSE) is an unconventional approach in comparison to low-temperature biomimetic approaches. A technical challenge for DSE is producing microstructural architectures on the nanometer scale. In both processes, the driving force is the minimization of Gibb's free energy. Selfassembly by biomimetic approaches depends on weak interaction forces between organic molecules to define the architectural structure. The architectural structure for solidification depends on strong chemical bonding between atoms. Constituents partition into atomic-level arrangements at the liquid-solid interface to form polyphase structures, and this atomic-level arrangement at the liquid-solid interface is controlled by atomic diffusion and total undercooling due to composition (diffusion), kinetics, and curvature of the boundary phases. Judicious selection of the materials system and control of the total undercooling are the keys to producing structures on the nanometer scale. The silicon-titanium silicide (Si-TiSi2) eutectic forms a rod structure under isothermal cooling conditions. At the NASA Glenn Research Center, directional solidification was employed along with a thermal gradient to promote uniform rods oriented with the thermal gradient. The preceding photomicrograph shows the typical transverse microstructure of a solidified Si-TiSi2 eutectic composition. The dark and light gray regions are Si and TiSi2, respectively. Preferred rod orientation along the thermal gradient was poor. The ordered TiSi2 rods have a narrow distribution in diameter of 2 to 3 m, as shown. The rod diameter showed a weak dependence on process conditions. Anisotropic etch behavior between different phases provides the opportunity to fabricate structures with high aspect ratios. The photomicrographs show the resulting microstructure after a wet chemical etch and a dry plasma etch. The wet chemical etches the silicon away, exposing the TiSi2 rods, whereas plasma etching preferentially etches the Si-TiSi2 interface to form a crater. The porous architectures are applicable to fabricating microdevices or creating templates for part fabrication. The porous rod structure can serve as a platform for fabricating microplasma devices for propulsion or microheat exchangers and for fabricating microfilters for miniatured chemical reactors. Although more work is required, self-assembly from DSE can have a role in microdevice fabrication.

  3. Effect of the temperature-rate parameters of directional solidification on the structure formation in high-temperature materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Svetlov, I. L.; Neiman, A. V.

    2017-03-01

    The effect of the temperature gradient and the crystal growth rate on the structure formation in nickel and niobium superalloys is studied under the conditions of the flat, cellular, dendritic, or dendritic-cellular configuration of a solidification front during directional solidification.

  4. Analysis and calculation of macrosegregation in a casting ingot. MPS solidification model. Volume 2: Software documentation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Maples, A. L.

    1980-01-01

    The software developed for the solidification model is presented. A link between the calculations and the FORTRAN code is provided, primarily in the form of global flow diagrams and data structures. A complete listing of the solidification code is given.

  5. SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION FOR REMEDIATON OF WOOD PRESERVING SITES: TREATMENT FOR DIOXINS, PCP, CREOSOTE, AND METALS

    EPA Science Inventory

    This article discusses the use of solidification/stabilization (S/S) to treat soils contaminated with organic and inorganic chemicals at wood preserving sites. Solidification is defined for this article as making a material into a free standing solid. Stabilization is defined as ...

  6. Numerical simulation of freckle formation in directional solidification of binary alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Felicelli, Sergio D.; Heinrich, Juan C.; Poirier, David R.

    1992-01-01

    A mathematical model of solidification is presented which simulates the formation of segregation models known as 'freckles' during directional solidification of binary alloys. The growth of the two-phase or dendritic zone is calculated by solving the coupled equations of momentum, energy, and solute transport, as well as maintaining the thermodynamic constraints dictated by the phase diagram of the alloy. Calculations for lead-tin alloys show that the thermosolutal convection in the dendritic zone during solidification can produce heavily localized inhomogeneities in the composition of the final alloy.

  7. Microsegregation during directional solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Coriell, S. R.; Mcfadden, G. B.

    1984-01-01

    During the directional solidification of alloys, solute inhomogeneities transverse to the growth direction arise due to morphological instabilities (leading to cellular or dendritic growth) and/or due to convection in the melt. In the absence of convection, the conditions for the onset of morphological instability are given by the linear stability analysis of Mullins and Sekerka. For ordinary solidification rates, the predictions of linear stability analysis are similar to the constitutional supercooling criterion. However, at very rapid solidification rates, linear stability analysis predicts a vast increase in stabilization in comparison to constitutional supercooling.

  8. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Paranthaman, M. Parans; Sridharan, Niyanth; List, Fred A.

    The technical objective of this technical collaboration phase I proposal is to fabricate near net-shaped permanent magnets using alloy powders utilizing direct metal deposition technologies at the ORNL MDF. Direct Manufacturing using the POM laser system was used to consolidate Nd 2Fe 14B (NdFeB) magnet powders into near net-shape parts efficiently and with virtually no wasted material as part of the feasibility study. We fabricated builds based on spherical NdFeB magnet particles. The results show that despite the ability to fabricate highly reactive materials in the laser deposition process, the magnetic coercivity and remanence of the NdFeB hard magnets ismore » significantly reduced. X-ray powder diffraction in conjunction with electron microscopy showed that the material experienced a primary Nd 2Fe 17B x solidification due to the undercooling effect (>60K). Consequently the presence of alpha iron phase resulted in deterioration of the build properties. Further optimization of the processing parameters is needed to maintain the Nd 2Fe 14B phase during fabrication.« less

  9. Space, our next frontier; Proceedings of the conference, Dallas, TX, June 7, 8, 1984

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Musgrave, G.

    1985-01-01

    The present conference on space development encompasses space commercialization, legislative, legal, and insurance-related factors in current space programs, political aspects of space militarization and governmental control, the military future uses of space and their consequences, command and control issues arising in space, economic influences on space policy, and recent developments in space solar power generation concepts. Attention is given to public opinion surveys concerning the scientific, military, and economic uses of space, the Leasecraft orbital industrial infrastructure concept, capitalism and democracy in space development, the current status of space law on commercialization topics, the nature of Ballistic Missile Defense, themore » Soviet Space threat, the High Frontier concept for space defense, lunar solar power systems, solar power satellites, and the utilization of lunar resources for the reduction of lunar base construction costs. Such specific technical issues as microgravity crystal growth and directional solidification, electrophoresis operations for pharmaceuticals, and technical barriers to commercial access to space, are also noted.« less

  10. Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing.

    PubMed

    Wei, H L; Mazumder, J; DebRoy, T

    2015-11-10

    Striking differences in the solidification textures of a nickel based alloy owing to changes in laser scanning pattern during additive manufacturing are examined based on theory and experimental data. Understanding and controlling texture are important because it affects mechanical and chemical properties. Solidification texture depends on the local heat flow directions and competitive grain growth in one of the six <100> preferred growth directions in face centered cubic alloys. Therefore, the heat flow directions are examined for various laser beam scanning patterns based on numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in three dimensions. Here we show that numerical modeling can not only provide a deeper understanding of the solidification growth patterns during the additive manufacturing, it also serves as a basis for customizing solidification textures which are important for properties and performance of components.

  11. In Situ X-Ray Observations of Dendritic Fragmentation During Directional Solidification of a Sn-Bi Alloy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gibbs, John W.; Tourret, Damien; Gibbs, Paul J.

    2015-09-25

    Dendrite fragmentation is an important phenomenon in microstructural development during solidification. For instance, it plays a key role in initiating the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). Here, we use x-ray radiography to study dendrite fragmentation rate in a Sn-39.5 wt.% Bi alloy during directional solidification. Experiments were performed in which solidification was parallel and anti-parallel to gravity, leading to significantly different fragmentation rates. We quantify the distribution of fragmentation rate as a function of distance from the solidification front, time in the mushy zone, and volume fraction of solid. While the observed fragmentation rate can be high, there is no evidence ofmore » a CET, illustrating that it requires more than just fragmentation to occur.« less

  12. Scaling Analysis of Alloy Solidification and Fluid Flow in a Rectangular Cavity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Plotkowski, A.; Fezi, K.; Krane, M. J. M.

    A scaling analysis was performed to predict trends in alloy solidification in a side-cooled rectangular cavity. The governing equations for energy and momentum were scaled in order to determine the dependence of various aspects of solidification on the process parameters for a uniform initial temperature and an isothermal boundary condition. This work improved on previous analyses by adding considerations for the cooling bulk fluid flow. The analysis predicted the time required to extinguish the superheat, the maximum local solidification time, and the total solidification time. The results were compared to a numerical simulation for a Al-4.5 wt.% Cu alloy with various initial and boundary conditions. Good agreement was found between the simulation results and the trends predicted by the scaling analysis.

  13. Efficient estimation of diffusion during dendritic solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Yeum, K. S.; Poirier, D. R.; Laxmanan, V.

    1989-01-01

    A very efficient finite difference method has been developed to estimate the solute redistribution during solidification with diffusion in the solid. This method is validated by comparing the computed results with the results of an analytical solution derived by Kobayashi (1988) for the assumptions of a constant diffusion coefficient, a constant equilibrium partition ratio, and a parabolic rate of the advancement of the solid/liquid interface. The flexibility of the method is demonstrated by applying it to the dendritic solidification of a Pb-15 wt pct Sn alloy, for which the equilibrium partition ratio and diffusion coefficient vary substantially during solidification. The fraction eutectic at the end of solidification is also obtained by estimating the fraction solid, in greater resolution, where the concentration of solute in the interdendritic liquid reaches the eutectic composition of the alloy.

  14. The growth of metastable peritectic compounds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Larson, D. J., Jr.

    1984-01-01

    The influence of gravitationally driven convection on the directional solidification of peritectic alloys was evaluated. The Pb-Bi peritectic was studied as a model solidification system. Analyses of directionally solidified Pb-Bi peritectic samples indicate that appreciable macrosegregation occurs due to thermosolutal convection and/or Soret diffusion. The macrosegregation results in sequantial change of phase and morphology as solidification progresses down the length of the sample. Banding was eliminated when furnace conditions were selected which resulted in a planar solidification interface. The directional solidification that occurs in the vicinity of the Pb-Bi peritectic isothermal was found to be isocompositional and to consist solely of the equilibrium terminal solid solution and peritectic phases on an extremely fine scale. Evidence was found to support the peritectic supercooling mechanism, but not the proposed peritectic superheat mechanism.

  15. In Situ X-Ray Observations of Dendritic Fragmentation During Directional Solidification of a Sn-Bi Alloy

    DOE PAGES

    Gibbs, John W.; Tourret, Damien; Gibbs, Paul J.; ...

    2015-09-25

    Dendrite fragmentation is an important phenomenon in microstructural development during solidification. For instance, it plays a key role in initiating the columnar-to-equiaxed transition (CET). In this paper, we use x-ray radiography to study dendrite fragmentation rate in a Sn-39.5 wt.% Bi alloy during directional solidification. Experiments were performed in which solidification was parallel and anti-parallel to gravity, leading to significantly different fragmentation rates. We quantify the distribution of fragmentation rate as a function of distance from the solidification front, time in the mushy zone, and volume fraction of solid. Finally, while the observed fragmentation rate can be high, there ismore » no evidence of a CET, illustrating that it requires more than just fragmentation to occur.« less

  16. Multiscale X-ray and Proton Imaging of Bismuth-Tin Solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gibbs, P. J.; Imhoff, S. D.; Morris, C. L.; Merrill, F. E.; Wilde, C. H.; Nedrow, P.; Mariam, F. G.; Fezzaa, K.; Lee, W.-K.; Clarke, A. J.

    2014-08-01

    The formation of structural patterns during metallic solidification is complex and multiscale in nature, ranging from the nanometer scale, where solid-liquid interface properties are important, to the macroscale, where casting mold filling and intended heat transfer are crucial. X-ray and proton imaging can directly interrogate structure, solute, and fluid flow development in metals from the microscale to the macroscale. X-rays permit high spatio-temporal resolution imaging of microscopic solidification dynamics in thin metal sections. Similarly, high-energy protons permit imaging of mesoscopic and macroscopic solidification dynamics in large sample volumes. In this article, we highlight multiscale x-ray and proton imaging of bismuth-tin alloy solidification to illustrate dynamic measurement of crystal growth rates and solute segregation profiles that can be that can be acquired using these techniques.

  17. Modeling of Rapid Solidification with Undercooling Effect During Droplet Flattening on a Substrate in Coating Formation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shukla, Rajesh Kumar; Patel, Virendra; Kumar, Arvind

    2018-02-01

    The coating deposit on the substrate in thermal spray coating process develops by solidification of individual molten particle which impacts, flattens and solidifies on the surface of the substrate. Droplet flattening and solidification typically involves rapid cooling. In this paper, a model for non-equilibrium rapid solidification of a molten droplet spreading onto a substrate is presented. Transient flow during droplet impact and its subsequent spreading is considered using the volume of fluid surface tracking method which was fully coupled with the rapid solidification model. The rapid solidification model includes undercooling, nucleation, interface tracking, non-equilibrium solidification kinetics and combined heat transfer and fluid flow as required to treat a non-stagnant splat formed from droplet flattening. The model is validated with the literature results on stagnant splats. Subsequently, using the model the characteristics of the rapidly solidifying interface for non-stagnant splat, such as interface velocity and interface temperature, are described and the effect of undercooling and interfacial heat transfer coefficient are highlighted. In contrast to the stagnant splat, the non-stagnant splat considered in this study displays interesting features in the rapidly solidifying interface. These are attributed to droplet thinning and droplet recoiling that occur during the droplet spreading process.

  18. Utilization of coal fly ash in solidification of liquid radioactive waste from research reactor.

    PubMed

    Osmanlioglu, Ahmet Erdal

    2014-05-01

    In this study, the potential utilization of fly ash was investigated as an additive in solidification process of radioactive waste sludge from research reactor. Coal formations include various percentages of natural radioactive elements; therefore, coal fly ash includes various levels of radioactivity. For this reason, fly ashes have to be evaluated for potential environmental implications in case of further usage in any construction material. But for use in solidification of radioactive sludge, the radiological effects of fly ash are in the range of radioactive waste management limits. The results show that fly ash has a strong fixing capacity for radioactive isotopes. Specimens with addition of 5-15% fly ash to concrete was observed to be sufficient to achieve the target compressive strength of 20 MPa required for near-surface disposal. An optimum mixture comprising 15% fly ash, 35% cement, and 50% radioactive waste sludge could provide the solidification required for long-term storage and disposal. The codisposal of radioactive fly ash with radioactive sludge by solidification decreases the usage of cement in solidification process. By this method, radioactive fly ash can become a valuable additive instead of industrial waste. This study supports the utilization of fly ash in industry and the solidification of radioactive waste in the nuclear industry.

  19. Solidification characteristics and segregation behavior of a P-containing Ni-Fe-Cr-based alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Changshuai; Su, Haijun; Guo, YongAn; Guo, Jianting; Zhou, Lanzhang

    2017-09-01

    Solidification characteristics and segregation behavior of a P-containing Ni-Fe-Cr-based alloy, considered as boiler and turbine materials in 700 °C advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired power plants, have been investigated by differential thermal analysis and directional solidification quenching technique. Results reveal that P decreases the solidus temperature, but only has negligible influence on liquidus temperature. After P was added, the solidification sequence has no apparent change, but the width of the mushy zone increases and dendritic structures become coarser. Moreover, P increases the amount and changes the morphology of MC carbide. Energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis reveals that P has obvious influence on the segregation behavior of the constitute elements with equilibrium partition coefficients (ki) far away from unity, whereas has negligible effect on the constituent elements with ki close to unity and has more influence on the final stage of solidification than at early stage. The distribution profiles reveal that P atoms pile up ahead of the solid/liquid (S/L) interface and strongly segregate to the interdendritic liquid region. The influence of P on solidification characteristics and segregation behavior of Ni-Fe-Cr-based alloy could be attributed to the accumulation of P ahead of the S/L interface during solidification.

  20. Timing of mantle overturn during magma ocean solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Boukaré, C.-E.; Parmentier, E. M.; Parman, S. W.

    2018-06-01

    Solidification of magma oceans (MOs) formed early in the evolution of planetary bodies sets the initial condition for their evolution on much longer time scales. Ideal fractional crystallization would generate an unstable chemical stratification that subsequently overturns to form a stably stratified mantle. The simplest model of overturn assumes that cumulates remain immobile until the end of MO solidification. However, overturning of cumulates and thermal convection during solidification may act to reduce this stratification and introduce chemical heterogeneity on scales smaller than the MO thickness. We explore overturning of cumulates before the end of MO crystallization and the possible consequences for mantle structure and composition. In this model, increasingly dense iron-rich layers, crystallized from the overlying residual liquid MO, are deposited on a thickening cumulate layer. Overturn during solidification occurs if the dimensionless parameter, Rc, measuring the ratio of the MO time of crystallization τMO to the timescale associated with compositional overturn τov = μ / ΔρgH exceeds a threshold value. If overturn did not occur until after solidification, this implies that the viscosity of the solidified mantle must have been sufficiently high (possibly requiring efficient melt extraction from the cumulate) for a given rate of solidification. For the lunar MO, possible implications for the generation of the Mg-suites and mare basalt are suggested.

  1. The effects of solidification on sill propagation dynamics and morphology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chanceaux, L.; Menand, T.

    2016-05-01

    Sills are an integral part of the formation and development of larger plutons and magma reservoirs. Thus sills are essential for both the transport and the storage of magma in the Earth's crust. However, although cooling and solidification are central to magmatism, their effects on sills have been so far poorly studied. Here, the effects of solidification on sill propagation dynamics and morphology are studied by means of analogue laboratory experiments. Hot fluid vegetable oil (magma analogue), that solidifies during its propagation, is injected as a sill in a colder layered gelatine solid (elastic host rock analogue). The injection flux and temperature are maintained constant during an experiment and systematically varied between each experiment, in order to vary and quantify the amount of solidification between each experiments. The oil is injected directly at the interface between the two gelatine layers. When solidification effects are small (high injection temperatures and fluxes), the propagation is continuous and the sill has a regular and smooth surface. Inversely, when solidification effects are important (low injection temperatures and fluxes), sill propagation is discontinuous and occurs by steps of surface-area creation interspersed with periods of momentary arrest. The morphology of these sills displays folds, ropy structures on their surface, and lobes with imprints of the leading fronts that correspond to each step of area creation. These experiments show that for a given, constant injected volume, as solidification effects increase, the area of the sills decreases, their thickness increases, and the number of propagation steps increases. These results have various geological and geophysical implications. The morphology of sills, such as lobate structures (interpretation of 3D seismic studies in sedimentary basin) and ropy flow structures (field observations) can be related to solidification during emplacement. Moreover, a non-continuous morphology as observed in the field does not necessarily involve multiple injections, but could instead reflect a continuous, yet complex morphology induced by solidification effects during emplacement. Also, a discontinuous sill propagation induced by solidification effects should be associated with bursts of seismic activity. Finally, our study shows that once a sill has initiated, the dimensionless flux influences the sill thermal state, and in turn its propagation, and final extent and thickness. In restricting the lateral extent of sills, magma cooling and solidification are likely to impact directly the size of plutons constructed by amalgamated sills.

  2. Procedures For Microbial-Ecology Laboratory

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huff, Timothy L.

    1993-01-01

    Microbial Ecology Laboratory Procedures Manual provides concise and well-defined instructions on routine technical procedures to be followed in microbiological laboratory to ensure safety, analytical control, and validity of results.

  3. Evaluation of Semiautomated IS6110-Based Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Typing for Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a High-Burden Setting.

    PubMed

    Said, Halima M; Krishnamani, Keshav; Omar, Shaheed V; Dreyer, Andries W; Sansom, Bianca; Fallows, Dorothy; Ismail, Nazir A

    2016-10-01

    The manual IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) typing method is highly discriminatory; however, it is laborious and technically demanding, and data exchange remains a challenge. In an effort to improve IS6110-based RFLP to make it a faster format, DuPont Molecular Diagnostics recently introduced the IS6110-PvuII kit for semiautomated typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using the RiboPrinter microbial characterization system. This study aimed to evaluate the semiautomated RFLP typing against the standard manual method. A total of 112 isolates collected between 2013 and 2014 were included. All isolates were genotyped using manual and semiautomated RFLP typing methods. Clustering rates and discriminatory indexes were compared between methods. The overall performance of semiautomated RFLP compared to manual typing was excellent, with high discriminatory index (0.990 versus 0.995, respectively) and similar numbers of unique profiles (72 versus 74, respectively), numbers of clustered isolates (33 versus 31, respectively), cluster sizes (2 to 6 and 2 to 5 isolates, respectively), and clustering rates (21.9% and 17.1%, respectively). The semiautomated RFLP system is technically simple and significantly faster than the manual RFLP method (8 h versus 5 days). The analysis is fully automated and generates easily manageable databases of standardized fingerprints that can be easily exchanged between laboratories. Based on its high-throughput processing with minimal human effort, the semiautomated RFLP can be a very useful tool as a first-line method for routine typing of M. tuberculosis isolates, especially where Beijing strains are highly prevalent, followed by manual RFLP typing if resolution is not achieved, thereby saving time and labor. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

  4. Partial Red Blood Cell Exchange in Children and Young Patients with Sickle Cell Disease: Manual Versus Automated Procedure.

    PubMed

    Escobar, Carlos; Moniz, Marta; Nunes, Pedro; Abadesso, Clara; Ferreira, Teresa; Barra, António; Lichtner, Anabela; Loureiro, Helena; Dias, Alexandra; Almeida, Helena

    2017-10-31

    The benefits of manual versus automated red blood cell exchange have rarely been documented and studies in young sickle cell disease patients are scarce. We aim to describe and compare our experience in these two procedures. Young patients (≤ 21 years old) who underwent manual- or automated-red blood cell exchange for prevention or treatment of sickle cell disease complications were included. Clinical, technical and hematological data were prospectively recorded and analyzed. Ninety-four red blood cell exchange sessions were performed over a period of 68 months, including 57 manual and 37 automated, 63 for chronic complications prevention, 30 for acute complications and one in the pre-operative setting. Mean decrease in sickle hemoglobin levels was higher in automated-red blood cell exchange (p < 0.001) and permitted a higher sickle hemoglobin level decrease per volume removed (p < 0.001), while hemoglobin and hematocrit remained stable. Ferritin levels on chronic patients decreased 54%. Most frequent concern was catheter outflow obstruction on manual-red blood cell exchange and access alarm on automated-red blood cell exchange. No major complication or alloimunization was recorded. Automated-red blood cell exchange decreased sickle hemoglobin levels more efficiently than manual procedure in the setting of acute and chronic complications of sickle cell disease, with minor technical concerns mainly due to vascular access. The threshold of sickle hemoglobin should be individualized for clinical and hematological goals. In our cohort of young patients, the need for an acceptable venous access was a limiting factor, but iron-overload was avoided. Automated red blood cell exchange is safe and well tolerated. It permits a higher sickle hemoglobin removal efficacy, better volume status control and iron-overload avoidance.

  5. Macrosegregation Resulting from Directional Solidification Through an Abrupt Change in Cross-Sections

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lauer, M.; Poirier, D. R.; Ghods, M.; Tewari, S. N.; Grugel, R. N.

    2017-01-01

    Simulations of the directional solidification of two hypoeutectic alloys (Al-7Si alloy and Al-19Cu) and resulting macrosegregation patterns are presented. The casting geometries include abrupt changes in cross-section from a larger width of 9.5 mm to a narrower 3.2 mm width then through an expansion back to a width of 9.5 mm. The alloys were chosen as model alloys because they have similar solidification shrinkages, but the effect of Cu on changing the density of the liquid alloy is about an order of magnitude greater than that of Si. The simulations compare well with experimental castings that were directionally solidified in a graphite mold in a Bridgman furnace. In addition to the simulations of the directional solidification in graphite molds, some simulations were effected for solidification in an alumina mold. This study showed that the mold must be included in numerical simulations of directional solidification because of its effect on the temperature field and solidification. For the model alloys used for the study, the simulations clearly show the interaction of the convection field with the solidifying alloys to produce a macrosegregation pattern known as "steepling" in sections with a uniform width. Details of the complex convection- and segregation-patterns at both the contraction and expansion of the cross-sectional area are revealed by the computer simulations. The convection and solidification through the expansions suggest a possible mechanism for the formation of stray grains. The computer simulations and the experimental castings have been part of on-going ground-based research with the goal of providing necessary background for eventual experiments aboard the ISS. For casting practitioners, the results of the simulations demonstrate that computer simulations should be applied to reveal interactions between alloy solidification properties, solidification conditions, and mold geometries on macrosegregation. The simulations also presents the possibility of engineering the mold-material to avoid, or mitigate, the effects of thermosolutal convection and macrosegregation by selecting a mold material with suitable thermal properties, especially its thermal conductivity.

  6. 29 CFR 1952.246 - Changes to approved plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., 1985. (2) The State submitted an industrial hygiene technical manual patterned after and responsive to... personal sampling, ex parte warrants, petition to modify abatement dates, withdrawal of contest...

  7. PCDAS Version 2. 2: Remote network control and data acquisition

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fishbaugher, M.J.

    1987-09-01

    This manual is intended for both technical and non-technical people who want to use the PCDAS remote network control and data acquisition software. If you are unfamiliar with remote data collection hardware systems designed at Pacific Northwest Laboratory (PNL), this introduction should answer your basic questions. Even if you have some experience with the PNL-designed Field Data Acquisition Systems (FDAS), it would be wise to review this material before attempting to set up a network. This manual was written based on the assumption that you have a rudimentary understanding of personal computer (PC) operations using Disk Operating System (DOS) versionmore » 2.0 or greater (IBM 1984). You should know how to create subdirectories and get around the subdirectory tree.« less

  8. A trajectory generation and system characterization model for cislunar low-thrust spacecraft. Volume 2: Technical manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Korsmeyer, David J.; Pinon, Elfego, III; Oconnor, Brendan M.; Bilby, Curt R.

    1990-01-01

    The documentation of the Trajectory Generation and System Characterization Model for the Cislunar Low-Thrust Spacecraft is presented in Technical and User's Manuals. The system characteristics and trajectories of low thrust nuclear electric propulsion spacecraft can be generated through the use of multiple system technology models coupled with a high fidelity trajectory generation routine. The Earth to Moon trajectories utilize near Earth orbital plane alignment, midcourse control dependent upon the spacecraft's Jacobian constant, and capture to target orbit utilizing velocity matching algorithms. The trajectory generation is performed in a perturbed two-body equinoctial formulation and the restricted three-body formulation. A single control is determined by the user for the interactive midcourse portion of the trajectory. The full spacecraft system characteristics and trajectory are provided as output.

  9. Technical manual for manufacturing autologous fibrin tissue adhesive.

    PubMed

    Park, J J; Cintron, J R; Siedentop, K H; Orsay, C P; Pearl, R K; Nelson, R L; Abcarian, H

    1999-10-01

    The aim of this article is to provide a concise and simple technical manual for manufacturing autologous fibrin tissue adhesive derived from the precipitation of fibrinogen using a combination of ethanol and freezing for surgery. All materials and equipment needed to manufacture ethanol-based autologous fibrin tissue adhesive are listed. In addition, step-by-step instructions are provided to allow for easy and rapid fibrin adhesive production. Ethanol-based autologous fibrin tissue adhesive can be manufactured in under 60 minutes. Furthermore, at our institution the startup cost for manufacturing ethanol-based autologous fibrin tissue adhesive was under $2,500.00. Ethanol-based autologous fibrin tissue adhesive is a safe, reliable, and easily manufactured autologous fibrin tissue adhesive that can be made by a trained technician in any blood bank, pharmacy, or surgical laboratory.

  10. On the hot cracking susceptibility of a semisolid aluminium 6061 weld: Application of a coupled solidification- thermomechanical model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zareie Rajani, H. R.; Phillion, A. B.

    2015-06-01

    A coupled solidification-thermomechanical model is presented that investigates the hot tearing susceptibility of an aluminium 6061 semisolid weld. Two key phenomena are considered: excessive deformation of the semisolid weld, initiating a hot tear, and the ability of the semisolid weld to heal the hot tear by circulation of the molten metal. The model consists of two major modules: weld solidification and thermomechanical analysis. 1) By means of a multi-scale model of solidification, the microstructural evolution of the semisolid weld is simulated in 3D. The semisolid structure, which varies as a function of welding parameters, is composed of solidifying grains and a network of micro liquid channels. The weld solidification module is utilized to obtain the solidification shrinkage. The size of the micro liquid channels is used as an indicator to assess the healing ability of the semisolid weld. 2) Using the finite element method, the mechanical interaction between the weld pool and the base metal is simulated to capture the transient force field deforming the semisolid weld. Thermomechanical stresses and shrinkage stresses are both considered in the analysis; the solidification contractions are extracted from the weld solidification module and applied to the deformation simulation as boundary conditions. Such an analysis enables characterization of the potential for excessive deformation of the weld. The outputs of the model are used to study the effect of welding parameters including welding current and speed, and also welding constraint on the hot cracking susceptibility of an aluminium alloy 6061 semisolid weld.

  11. Interaction of Multiple Particles with a Solidification Front: From Compacted Particle Layer to Particle Trapping.

    PubMed

    Saint-Michel, Brice; Georgelin, Marc; Deville, Sylvain; Pocheau, Alain

    2017-06-13

    The interaction of solidification fronts with objects such as particles, droplets, cells, or bubbles is a phenomenon with many natural and technological occurrences. For an object facing the front, it may yield various fates, from trapping to rejection, with large implications regarding the solidification pattern. However, whereas most situations involve multiple particles interacting with each other and the front, attention has focused almost exclusively on the interaction of a single, isolated object with the front. Here we address experimentally the interaction of multiple particles with a solidification front by performing solidification experiments of a monodisperse particle suspension in a Hele-Shaw cell with precise control of growth conditions and real-time visualization. We evidence the growth of a particle layer ahead of the front at a close-packing volume fraction, and we document its steady-state value at various solidification velocities. We then extend single-particle models to the situation of multiple particles by taking into account the additional force induced on an entering particle by viscous friction in the compacted particle layer. By a force balance model this provides an indirect measure of the repelling mean thermomolecular pressure over a particle entering the front. The presence of multiple particles is found to increase it following a reduction of the thickness of the thin liquid film that separates particles and front. We anticipate the findings reported here to provide a relevant basis to understand many complex solidification situations in geophysics, engineering, biology, or food engineering, where multiple objects interact with the front and control the resulting solidification patterns.

  12. ShakeMap manual: technical manual, user's guide, and software guide

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Wald, David J.; Worden, Bruce C.; Quitoriano, Vincent; Pankow, Kris L.

    2005-01-01

    ShakeMap (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/shakemap) --rapidly, automatically generated shaking and intensity maps--combines instrumental measurements of shaking with information about local geology and earthquake location and magnitude to estimate shaking variations throughout a geographic area. The results are rapidly available via the Web through a variety of map formats, including Geographic Information System (GIS) coverages. These maps have become a valuable tool for emergency response, public information, loss estimation, earthquake planning, and post-earthquake engineering and scientific analyses. With the adoption of ShakeMap as a standard tool for a wide array of users and uses came an impressive demand for up-to-date technical documentation and more general guidelines for users and software developers. This manual is meant to address this need. ShakeMap, and associated Web and data products, are rapidly evolving as new advances in communications, earthquake science, and user needs drive improvements. As such, this documentation is organic in nature. We will make every effort to keep it current, but undoubtedly necessary changes in operational systems take precedence over producing and making documentation publishable.

  13. Powder-Metallurgy Process And Product

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Paris, Henry G.

    1988-01-01

    Rapid-solidification processing yields alloys with improved properties. Study undertaken to extend favorable property combinations of I/M 2XXX alloys through recently developed technique of rapid-solidification processing using powder metallurgy(P/M). Rapid-solidification processing involves impingement of molten metal stream onto rapidly-spinning chill block or through gas medium using gas atomization technique.

  14. Flight Planning for the International Space Station-Levitation Observation of Dendrite Evolution in Steel Ternary Alloy Rapid Solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Flemings, M. C.; Matson, D. M.; Loser, W.; Hyers, R. W.; Rogers, J. R.; Curreri, Peter A. (Technical Monitor)

    2002-01-01

    The paper is an overview of the status and science for the LODESTARS (Levitation Observation of Dendrite Evolution in Steel Ternary Alloy Rapid Solidification) research project. The program is aimed at understanding how melt convection influences phase selection and the evolution of rapid solidification microstructures.

  15. Battery Test Manual For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jeffrey R. Belt

    2010-09-01

    This battery test procedure manual was prepared for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Program. It is based on technical targets established for energy storage development projects aimed at meeting system level DOE goals for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). The specific procedures defined in this manual support the performance and life characterization of advanced battery devices under development for PHEV’s. However, it does share some methods described in the previously published battery test manual for power-assist hybrid electric vehicles. Due to the complexity of some of the proceduresmore » and supporting analysis, a revision including some modifications and clarifications of these procedures is expected. As in previous battery and capacitor test manuals, this version of the manual defines testing methods for full-size battery systems, along with provisions for scaling these tests for modules, cells or other subscale level devices.« less

  16. Battery Test Manual For Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jeffrey R. Belt

    2010-12-01

    This battery test procedure manual was prepared for the United States Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Program. It is based on technical targets established for energy storage development projects aimed at meeting system level DOE goals for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV). The specific procedures defined in this manual support the performance and life characterization of advanced battery devices under development for PHEV’s. However, it does share some methods described in the previously published battery test manual for power-assist hybrid electric vehicles. Due to the complexity of some of the proceduresmore » and supporting analysis, a revision including some modifications and clarifications of these procedures is expected. As in previous battery and capacitor test manuals, this version of the manual defines testing methods for full-size battery systems, along with provisions for scaling these tests for modules, cells or other subscale level devices.« less

  17. Load research manual. Volume 3: Load research for advanced technologies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1980-11-01

    Technical guidelines for electric utility load research are presented. Special attention is given to issues raised by the load reporting requirements of the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act of 1978 and to problems faced by smaller utilities that are initiating load research programs. The manual includes guides to load research literature and glossaries of load research and statistical terms. Special load research procedures are presented for solar, wind, and cogeneration technologies.

  18. Method of Characteristic (MOC) Nozzle Flowfield Solver - User’s Guide and Input Manual Version 2.0

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2018-01-01

    TECHNICAL REPORT RDMR-SS-17-13 METHOD OF CHARACTERISTIC (MOC) NOZZLE FLOWFIELD SOLVER—USER’S GUIDE AND INPUT MANUAL VERSION 2.0 Kevin D. Kennedy...System Simulation and Development Directorate Aviation and Missile Research , Development, and Engineering Center January 2018 Distribution Statement...DOCUMENTS, DESTROY BY ANY METHOD THAT WILL PREVENT DISCLOSURE OF CONTENTS OR RECONSTRUCTION OF THE DOCUMENT. DISCLAIMER THE FINDINGS IN THIS REPORT

  19. Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing

    PubMed Central

    Wei, H. L.; Mazumder, J.; DebRoy, T.

    2015-01-01

    Striking differences in the solidification textures of a nickel based alloy owing to changes in laser scanning pattern during additive manufacturing are examined based on theory and experimental data. Understanding and controlling texture are important because it affects mechanical and chemical properties. Solidification texture depends on the local heat flow directions and competitive grain growth in one of the six <100> preferred growth directions in face centered cubic alloys. Therefore, the heat flow directions are examined for various laser beam scanning patterns based on numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in three dimensions. Here we show that numerical modeling can not only provide a deeper understanding of the solidification growth patterns during the additive manufacturing, it also serves as a basis for customizing solidification textures which are important for properties and performance of components. PMID:26553246

  20. Evolution of solidification texture during additive manufacturing

    DOE PAGES

    Wei, H. L.; Mazumder, J.; DebRoy, T.

    2015-11-10

    Striking differences in the solidification textures of a nickel based alloy owing to changes in laser scanning pattern during additive manufacturing are examined based on theory and experimental data. Understanding and controlling texture are important because it affects mechanical and chemical properties. Solidification texture depends on the local heat flow directions and competitive grain growth in one of the six <100> preferred growth directions in face centered cubic alloys. Furthermore, the heat flow directions are examined for various laser beam scanning patterns based on numerical modeling of heat transfer and fluid flow in three dimensions. Here we show that numericalmore » modeling can not only provide a deeper understanding of the solidification growth patterns during the additive manufacturing, it also serves as a basis for customizing solidification textures which are important for properties and performance of components.« less

  1. Influences on Distribution of Solute Atoms in Cu-8Fe Alloy Solidification Process Under Rotating Magnetic Field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zou, Jin; Zhai, Qi-Jie; Liu, Fang-Yu; Liu, Ke-Ming; Lu, De-Ping

    2018-05-01

    A rotating magnetic field (RMF) was applied in the solidification process of Cu-8Fe alloy. Focus on the mechanism of RMF on the solid solution Fe(Cu) atoms in Cu-8Fe alloy, the influences of RMF on solidification structure, solute distribution, and material properties were discussed. Results show that the solidification behavior of Cu-Fe alloy have influenced through the change of temperature and solute fields in the presence of an applied RMF. The Fe dendrites were refined and transformed to rosettes or spherical grains under forced convection. The solute distribution in Cu-rich phase and Fe-rich phase were changed because of the variation of the supercooling degree and the solidification rate. Further, the variation in solute distribution was impacted the strengthening mechanism and conductive mechanism of the material.

  2. Evolution of Secondary Phases Formed upon Solidification of a Ni-Based Alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zuo, Qiang; Liu, Feng; Wang, Lei; Chen, Changfeng

    2013-07-01

    The solidification of UNS N08028 alloy subjected to different cooling rates was studied, where primary austenite dendrites occur predominantly and different amounts of sigma phase form in the interdendritic regions. The solidification path and elemental segregation upon solidification were simulated using the CALPHAD method, where THERMO-CALC software packages and two classical segregation models were employed to predict the real process. It is thus revealed that the interdendritic sigma phase is formed via eutectic reaction at the last stage of solidification. On this basis, an analytical model was developed to predict the evolution of nonequilibrium eutectic phase, while the isolated morphology of sigma phase can be described using divorced eutectic theory. Size, fraction, and morphology of the sigma phase were quantitatively studied by a series of experiments; the results are in good agreement with the model prediction.

  3. Microgravity

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1991-09-01

    The Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF) flew during the USMP-2 mission. During USMP-2, the AADSF was used to study the growth of mercury cadmium telluride crystals in microgravity by directional solidification, a process commonly used on earth to process metals and grow crystals. The furnace is tubular and has three independently controlled temperature zones. The sample travels from the hot zone of the furnace (1600 degrees F) where the material solidifies as it cools. The solidification region, known as the solid/liquid interface, moves from one end of the sample to the other at a controlled rate, thus the term directional solidification.

  4. Solidification rate influence on orientation and mechanical properties of MAR-M-246+Hf

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hamilton, D.

    1983-01-01

    The influence of solidification rates on the orientation and mechanical properties of MAR-M-246+Hf was studied. The preferred orientation was found to be (001) for single crystals, with all samples with 45 degrees of (001). Tensile tests were performed at room temperature. The anisotropy of directionally solidified MAR-M-246+Hf was demonstrated by gage section deformation. Dendrite arm spacing and crystal growth were found to depend on solidification rates and source material conditions. The greatest strength occurred at lower solidification rates. Some single crystals were grown by control of growth rates without seeding.

  5. Modelling directional solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilcox, William R.; Regel, Liya L.

    1994-01-01

    This grant, NAG8-831, was a continuation of a previous grant, NAG8-541. The long range goal of this program has been to develop an improved understanding of phenomena of importance to directional solidification, in order to enable explanation and prediction of differences in behavior between solidification on Earth and in space. Emphasis in the recently completed grant was on determining the influence of perturbations on directional solidification of InSb and InSb-GaSb alloys. In particular, the objective was to determine the influence of spin-up/spin-down (ACRT), electric current pulses and vibrations on compositional homogeneity and grain size.

  6. Manual Arts to Technology Education: Are We Ripe for Infusing Aspects of a Green Technology into Career and Technical Education Constituent Subjects?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Asunda, Paul A.

    2010-01-01

    This paper is a conceptual essay that reviews industrial and economic changes that have shaped vocational education to present day Career and Technical Education (CTE) curriculum, and specifically the role of technology education in meeting societal needs. An argument is presented that CTE is ripe to integrate aspects of green technology and…

  7. Operation Manual for the Intensity Based Interrogation of Fibre Bragg Grating Arrays on Vibrating Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    based demodulation approach for the measurement of strains, induced by structural vibrations, using Fiber Bragg Gratings ( FBG ). This companion...provide the Frequency Response Functions from a series of FBG arrays attached to a vibrating structure. RELEASE LIMITATION Approved for... FBG arrays attached to a vibrating structure. Both this technical note and its companion technical report are formal contributions to an

  8. The Evolution of a Graduate Writing Program: The Master of Arts in Professional Writing at Carnegie Mellon University. CDC Technical Report No. 33.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, G. H.; Steinberg, E. R.

    The Master of Arts in Professional Writing (MAPW) offered by Carnegie Mellon University (Pennsylvania) is designed for students who want careers as document designers in industry and government, where they will plan, write, and evaluate computer manuals and on-line documentation, training and instructional materials, technical reports, and a wide…

  9. Technical Handbook for Facilities Engineering and Construction Manual, Part 2: Federally Assisted Activities. Guide for Project Applicants-Construction Management Services. Department Technical Handbook Series.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Department of Health , Education, and Welfare, Washington., DC. Office of the Secretary.

    This handbook provides a basis for consideration of acceptable approaches which are available and may be used to initiate the use of construction management services in the planning, design, and construction of federally assisted construction projects. It includes the mandatory federal requirements as well as acceptable procedures for selecting…

  10. Helicopter Dynamic Performance Program. Volume 2. User’s Manual

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-07-01

    Technologies Corporation Stratford, Connecticut 06602 July 1980 Final Report / • ., . Approved for public release; I distribution unlimited. ; A - Prepared...for : APPLIED TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY U. S. ARMY RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGY LABORATORIES (AVRADCOM) Fort Eustis, Va. 23604 80 8 27 D APPLIED TECHNOLOGY ... Technology Division. Technic31 review of this report was also pro- vided by Messrs. W_ A. Pleasants of Design Integration and Analysis Technical Area

  11. Community Involvement Manual.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-05-01

    and social problems, does not lend itself to a single or simple solution. This is why we must all be involved. For this reason we. believe that...of admission to decisionmaking. At times the implications of this relatively simple premise are not minor. Many people beginning community...involvement programs have found it extremely difficult to locate technical people able to translate technical reports into simple , every- day English. There

  12. GILA User's Manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    CHRISTON, MARK A.

    2003-06-01

    GILA is a finite element code that has been developed specifically to attack the class of transient, incompressible, viscous, fluid dynamics problems that are predominant in the world that surrounds us. The purpose for this document is to provide sufficient information for an experienced analyst to use GILA in an effective way. The GILA User's Manual presents a technical outline of the governing equations for time-dependent incompressible flow, and the explicit and semi-implicit projection methods used in GILA to solve the equations. This manual also presents a brief overview of some of GILA's capabilities along with the keyword input syntaxmore » and sample problems.« less

  13. ENVIROCLEAN

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Technical product bulletin: this surface washing agent used in oil spill cleanups may be applied via manual pressure applicator or other delivery to impacted surfaces. Should be diluted before use with hard, soft, brackish, or salt water.

  14. Closed solutions to a differential-difference equation and an associated plate solidification problem.

    PubMed

    Layeni, Olawanle P; Akinola, Adegbola P; Johnson, Jesse V

    2016-01-01

    Two distinct and novel formalisms for deriving exact closed solutions of a class of variable-coefficient differential-difference equations arising from a plate solidification problem are introduced. Thereupon, exact closed traveling wave and similarity solutions to the plate solidification problem are obtained for some special cases of time-varying plate surface temperature.

  15. Nature of solidification of nanoconfined organic liquid layers.

    PubMed

    Lang, X Y; Zhu, Y F; Jiang, Q

    2007-01-30

    A simple model is established for solidification of a nanoconfined liquid under nonequilibrium conditions. In terms of this model, the nature of solidification is the conjunct finite size and interface effects, which is directly related to the cooling rate or the relaxation time of the undercooled liquid. The model predictions are consistent with available experimental results.

  16. Spectrum orbit utilization program technical manual SOUP5 Version 3.8

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Davidson, J.; Ottey, H. R.; Sawitz, P.; Zusman, F. S.

    1984-01-01

    The underlying engineering and mathematical models as well as the computational methods used by the SOUP5 analysis programs, which are part of the R2BCSAT-83 Broadcast Satellite Computational System, are described. Included are the algorithms used to calculate the technical parameters and references to the relevant technical literature. The system provides the following capabilities: requirements file maintenance, data base maintenance, elliptical satellite beam fitting to service areas, plan synthesis from specified requirements, plan analysis, and report generation/query. Each of these functions are briefly described.

  17. Solidification effects on sill formation: An experimental approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chanceaux, L.; Menand, T.

    2014-10-01

    Sills represent a major mechanism for constructing continental Earth's crust because these intrusions can amalgamate and form magma reservoirs and plutons. As a result, numerous field, laboratory and numerical studies have investigated the conditions that lead to sill emplacement. However, all previous studies have neglected the potential effect magma solidification could have on sill formation. The effects of solidification on the formation of sills are studied and quantified with scaled analogue laboratory experiments. The experiments presented here involved the injection of hot vegetable oil (a magma analogue) which solidified during its propagation as a dyke in a colder and layered solid of gelatine (a host rock analogue). The gelatine solid had two layers of different stiffness, to create a priori favourable conditions to form sills. Several behaviours were observed depending on the injection temperature and the injection rate: no intrusions (extreme solidification effects), dykes stopping at the interface (high solidification effects), sills (moderate solidification effects), and dykes passing through the interface (low solidification effects). All these results can be explained quantitatively as a function of a dimensionless temperature θ, which describes the experimental thermal conditions, and a dimensionless flux ϕ, which describes their dynamical conditions. The experiments reveal that sills can only form within a restricted domain of the (θ , ϕ) parameter space. These experiments demonstrate that contrary to isothermal experiments where cooling could not affect sill formation, the presence of an interface that would be a priori mechanically favourable is not a sufficient condition for sill formation; solidification effects restrict sill formation. The results are consistent with field observations and provide a means to explain why some dykes form sills when others do not under seemingly similar geological conditions.

  18. Coupled Growth in Hypermonotectics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Andrews, J. Barry; Coriell, Sam R.

    2001-01-01

    The overall objective of this project is to obtain a fundamental understanding of the physics controlling solidification processes in immiscible alloy systems. The investigation involves both experimentation and the development of a model describing solidification in monotectic systems. The experimental segment was designed to first demonstrate that it is possible to obtain interface stability and steady state coupled growth in hypermonotectic alloys through microgravity processing. Microgravity results obtained to date have verified this possibility. Future flights will permit experimental determination of the limits of interface stability and the influence of alloy composition and growth rate on microstructure. The objectives of the modeling segment of the investigation include prediction of the limits of interface stability, modeling of convective flow due to residual acceleration, and the influence of surface tension driven flows at the solidification interface. The study of solidification processes in immiscible alloy systems is hindered by the inherent convective flow that occurs on Earth and by the possibility of sedimentation of the higher density immiscible liquid phase. It has been shown that processing using a high thermal gradient and a low growth rate can lead to a stable macroscopically planar growth front even in hypermonotectic alloys. Processing under these growth conditions can avoid constitutional supercooling and prevent the formation of the minor immiscible liquid phase in advance of the solidification front. However, the solute depleted boundary layer that forms in advance of the solidification front is almost always less dense than the liquid away from the solidification front. As a result, convective instability is expected. Ground based testing has indicated that convection is a major problem in these alloy systems and leads to gross compositional variations along the sample and difficulties maintaining interface stability. Sustained low gravity processing conditions are necessary in order to minimize these problems and obtain solidification conditions which approach steady state.

  19. The Effect of Bi Contamination on the Solidification Behavior of Sn-Pb Solders

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moon, Kil-Won; Kattner, Ursula R.; Handwerker, Carol A.

    2007-06-01

    This paper presents experimental results and theoretical calculations that evaluate the effects of Bi contamination on the solidification behavior of Sn-Pb alloys. The pasty (mushy) range, the type of solidification path, and the microstructure of the solidified alloys are described. The experimental results are obtained from thermal analysis and metallography, and the solidification calculations are performed using the lever rule and Scheil assumptions. The experimental results show that the solidification behavior of the contaminated solder at cooling rates of 5°C/min and 23°C/min is closer to the predictions of the lever rule calculations than those of the Scheil calculations. Although the freezing range of Bi-contaminated Sn-Pb solders is increased, formation of a ternary eutectic reaction at 95°C is not observed for contamination levels below the Bi mass fraction of 6%.

  20. Five-dimensional imaging of freezing emulsions with solute effects.

    PubMed

    Dedovets, Dmytro; Monteux, Cécile; Deville, Sylvain

    2018-04-20

    The interaction of objects with a moving solidification front is a common feature of many industrial and natural processes such as metal processing, the growth of single crystals, the cryopreservation of cells, or the formation of sea ice. Interaction of solidification fronts with objects leads to different outcomes, from total rejection of the objects to their complete engulfment. We imaged the freezing of emulsions in five dimensions (space, time, and solute concentration) with confocal microscopy. We showed that the solute induces long-range interactions that determine the solidification microstructure. The local increase of solute concentration enhances premelting, which controls the engulfment of droplets by the front and the evolution of grain boundaries. Freezing emulsions may be a good analog of many solidification systems where objects interact with a solidification interface. Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  1. Measurement and simulation of deformation and stresses in steel casting

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Galles, D.; Monroe, C. A.; Beckermann, C.

    2012-07-01

    Experiments are conducted to measure displacements and forces during casting of a steel bar in a sand mold. In some experiments the bar is allowed to contract freely, while in others the bar is manually strained using embedded rods connected to a frame. Solidification and cooling of the experimental castings are simulated using a commercial code, and good agreement between measured and predicted temperatures is obtained. The deformations and stresses in the experiments are simulated using an elasto-viscoplastic finite-element model. The high temperature mechanical properties are estimated from data available in the literature. The mush is modeled using porous metal plasticity theory, where the coherency and coalescence solid fraction are taken into account. Good agreement is obtained between measured and predicted displacements and forces. The results shed considerable light on the modeling of stresses in steel casting and help in developing more accurate models for predicting hot tears and casting distortions.

  2. Support for Astronaut's View of Mexican/ Central American Fires and on-Line Earth Observations Training Manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kaminski, Charles F., Jr.

    1999-01-01

    A small project to compile remote sensing and in-site data to review the processes leading to the May 1998 Mexican/Central American fires was undertaken. A web page based on this project was assembled. The second project initiated involved an interactive and on-line program that will replace the paper version of the Earth Observations Preflight Training Manual. Technical support was provided to Prof. Marvin Glasser as needed.

  3. First-trimester surgical abortion technique.

    PubMed

    Yonke, Nicole; Leeman, Lawrence M

    2013-12-01

    New data have emerged to support changes in first-trimester abortion practice in regard to antibiotic prophylaxis, cervical ripening, the use of manual vacuum aspiration, and pain management. This article addresses these new recommendations and reviews techniques in performing manual and electric vacuum uterine aspiration procedures before 14 weeks' gestation, including very early abortion (<7 weeks' gestation), technically difficult abortions, management of complications, and postabortal contraception. The information discussed also applies to miscarriage management. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. An Overview of Potential Methods for Maintaining Training Area Environments in Arid and Semi-Arid Climates

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-04-01

    Shrubs , Ground Covers, and Vines , Technical Manual 5-830-4 (June 1976). This manual provides guidelines and prescribes standard techniques to be used...in planting and the initial care required to successfully establish trees, shrubs , ground covers, and vines . Criteria for selecting materials are...their new location. The planting of trees, shrubs , ground covers, and vines should comply with approved landscape planting plans and should be based on

  5. The Design of an Interface to a Programming System and MENUNIX: A Menu-Based Interface to UNIX (User Manual). Two Papers in Cognitive Engineering. Technical Report No. 8105.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Perlman, Gary

    This report consists of two papers on MENUNIX, an experimental interface to the approximately 300 programs and files available on the Berkeley UNIX 4.0 version of the UNIX operating system. The first paper discusses some of the psychological concerns involved in the design of MENUNIX; the second is a tutorial user manual for MENUNIX, in which the…

  6. Criterion-Referenced Measurement in the Army: Development of a Research- Based, Practical, Test Construction Manual

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-09-01

    iE ARI TECHNICAL REPORT S~ TR-78-A31 M CCriterion-Reforencod Loasurement In the Army: Development of a Research-Based, Practical, Test Construction ...conducted to develop a Criterion- 1 Referenced Tests (CRTs) Construction Manual. Major accomplishments were the preparation of a written review of the...survey of the literature on Criterion-Referenced Testing’ conducted in order to provide an information base for development of the CRT Construction

  7. Microgravity

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1992-03-12

    The Advanced Automated Directional Solidification Furnace (AADSF) with the Experimental Apparatus Container (EAC) removed flew during the USMP-2 mission. During USMP-2, the AADSF was used to study the growth of mercury cadmium telluride crystals in microgravity by directional solidification, a process commonly used on earth to process metals and grow crystals. The furnace is tubular and has three independently controlled temperature zones . The sample travels from the hot zone of the furnace (1600 degrees F) where the material solidifies as it cools. The solidification region, known as the solid/liquid interface, moves from one end of the sample to the other at a controlled rate, thus the term directional solidification.

  8. Direct chill casting of aluminium alloys under electromagnetic interaction by permanent magnet assembly

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bojarevičs, Andris; Kaldre, Imants; Milgrāvis, Mikus; Beinerts, Toms

    2018-05-01

    Direct chill casting is one of the methods used in industry to obtain good microstructure and properties of aluminium alloys. Nevertheless, for some alloys grain structure is not optimal. In this study, we offer the use of electromagnetic interaction to modify melt convection near the solidification interface. Solidification under various electromagnetic interactions has been widely studied, but usually at low solidification velocity and high thermal gradient. This type of interaction may succeed fragmentation of dendrite arms and transport of solidification nuclei thus leading to improved material structure and properties. Realization of experimental small-scale crystallizer and electromagnetic system has been described in this article.

  9. Enthalpies of a binary alloy during solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poirier, D. R.; Nandapurkar, P.

    1988-01-01

    The purpose of the paper is to present a method of calculating the enthalpy of a dendritic alloy during solidification. The enthalpies of the dendritic solid and interdendritic liquid of alloys of the Pb-Sn system are evaluated, but the method could be applied to other binaries, as well. The enthalpies are consistent with a recent evaluation of the thermodynamics of Pb-Sn alloys and with the redistribution of solute in the same during dendritic solidification. Because of the heat of mixing in Pb-Sn alloys, the interdendritic liquid of hypoeutectic alloys (Pb-rich) of less than 50 wt pct Sn has enthalpies that increase as temperature decreases during solidification.

  10. MPS solidification model. Analysis and calculation of macrosegregation in a casting ingot

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Poirier, D. R.; Maples, A. L.

    1985-01-01

    Work performed on several existing solidification models for which computer codes and documentation were developed is presented. The models describe the solidification of alloys in which there is a time varying zone of coexisting solid and liquid phases; i.e., the S/L zone. The primary purpose of the models is to calculate macrosegregation in a casting or ingot which results from flow of interdendritic liquid in this S/L zone during solidification. The flow, driven by solidification contractions and by gravity acting on density gradients in the interdendritic liquid, is modeled as flow through a porous medium. In Model 1, the steady state model, the heat flow characteristics are those of steady state solidification; i.e., the S/L zone is of constant width and it moves at a constant velocity relative to the mold. In Model 2, the unsteady state model, the width and rate of movement of the S/L zone are allowed to vary with time as it moves through the ingot. Each of these models exists in two versions. Models 1 and 2 are applicable to binary alloys; models 1M and 2M are applicable to multicomponent alloys.

  11. Effects of N/C Ratio on Solidification Behaviors of Novel Nb-Bearing Austenitic Heat-Resistant Cast Steels for Exhaust Components of Gasoline Engines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Yinhui; Li, Mei; Godlewski, Larry A.; Zindel, Jacob W.; Feng, Qiang

    2017-03-01

    In order to comply with more stringent environmental and fuel consumption regulations, novel Nb-bearing austenitic heat-resistant cast steels that withstand exhaust temperatures as high as 1,323 K (1,050 °C) is urgently demanded from automotive industries. In the current research, the solidification behavior of these alloys with variations of N/C ratio is investigated. Directional solidification methods were carried out to examine the microstructural development in mushy zones. Computational thermodynamic calculations under partial equilibrium conditions were performed to predict the solidification sequence of different phases. Microstructural characterization of the mushy zones indicates that N/C ratio significantly influenced the stability of γ-austenite and the precipitation temperature of NbC/Nb(C,N), thereby altering the solidification path, as well as the morphology and distribution of NbC/Nb(C,N) and γ-ferrite. The solidification sequence of different phases predicted by thermodynamic software agreed well with the experimental results, except the specific precipitation temperatures. The generated data and fundamental understanding will be helpful for the application of computational thermodynamic methods to predict the as-cast microstructure of Nb-bearing austenitic heat-resistant steels.

  12. Analysis and calculation of macrosegregation in a casting ingot. MPS solidification model. Volume 1: Formulation and analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Maples, A. L.; Poirier, D. R.

    1980-01-01

    The physical and numerical formulation of a model for the horizontal solidification of a binary alloy is described. It can be applied in an ingot. The major purpose of the model is to calculate macrosegregation in a casting ingot which results from flow of interdendritic liquid during solidification. The flow, driven by solidification contractions and by gravity acting on density gradients in the interdendritic liquid, was modeled as flow through a porous medium. The symbols used are defined. The physical formulation of the problem leading to a set of equations which can be used to obtain: (1) the pressure field; (2) the velocity field: (3) mass flow and (4) solute flow in the solid plus liquid zone during solidification is presented. With these established, the model calculates macrosegregation after solidification is complete. The numerical techniques used to obtain solution on a computational grid are presented. Results, evaluation of the results, and recommendations for future development of the model are given. The macrosegregation and flow field predictions for tin-lead, aluminum-copper, and tin-bismuth alloys are included as well as comparisons of some of the predictions with published predictions or with empirical data.

  13. Structural Impact of Construction Loads : [Technical Summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    Numerous bridge construction accidents have occurred : because of construction loadings, which are an underemphasized : topic in many specifications and design : manuals. Bridge girders are least stable during the : construction phase, so it is impor...

  14. BASINS User Information and Guidance

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    This page provides links to guidance on how to use BASINS, including the User’s Manual, tutorials and training, technical notes, case studies, and publications that highlight the use of BASINS in various watershed analyses.

  15. Vision statement.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2003-09-01

    This document is the third such handbook for freeway management and operations. It is intended to be an introductory manual a resource document that provides an overview of the various institutional and technical issues associated with the planni...

  16. JEP-MARINE CLEAN

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Technical product bulletin: aka ECOVOOM-MARINE, this surface washing agent is used in oil spill cleanups. Manual pump sprayers should be used to presoak contaminated areas, then pressure washers used to agitate after presoak has been applied.

  17. Support Equipment Management in the F/A-18 Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-12-01

    or character (such as manuals and drawings) of a scientific or technical nature. Computer programs and related software are not technical data...documentation of computer programs and related software are. Also excluded are financial data or other information related to contract administration. 6...management in the F/A-18 program . Graeser, Kenneth S. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/22133 Downloaded from NPS Archive: Calhoun NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL Monterey

  18. Application of DNA Profiling in Resolving Aviation Forensic Toxicology Issues

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-10-01

    National Technical Information Service, Springfield, VA 22161 19. Security Classif. (of this report) 20. Security Classif. (of this page) 21 ...J,. Schumm. JW ..Development. of. highly. polymorphic.pentanucleotide.tandem.repeat.loci. with.low.stutter ..Profiles in DNA ..1998;2:3–6 . 21 ... PowerPlex ™ 16 System, Technical Manual No. D012 ..Madison,.WI:.Promega.Cor- poration;. 2000. (Available. at:. www .cstl .nist .gov/ strbase/images

  19. Air Force Research Laboratory Wright Site Guide to Technical Publishing

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-04-01

    Scientific and Technical Reports—Elements, Organization, and Design manual (and a version modified for documents generated for AFRL) • Merriam-Webster’s...notice page --SF 298 --original graphics /halftones Indicate the following on the letter of transmittal sheet: --quantity of copies required for...Elements, Organization and Design ? The WRS CDRL for a final report requires that the standard be followed. The only exception is SBIR Phase 1

  20. Solidification of basaltic magma during flow in a dike.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Delaney, P.T.; Pollard, D.D.

    1982-01-01

    A model for time-dependent unsteady heat transfer from magma flowing in a dyke is developed. The ratio of solidification T to magma T is the most important parameter. Observations of volcanic fissure eruptions and study of dykes near Ship Rock, New Mexico, show that the low T at dyke margins and the rapidly advancing solidification front predicted by the model are qualitatively correct.-M.S.

  1. Direct observation of spatially isothermal equiaxed solidification of an Al-Cu alloy in microgravity on board the MASER 13 sounding rocket

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murphy, A. G.; Mathiesen, R. H.; Houltz, Y.; Li, J.; Lockowandt, C.; Henriksson, K.; Melville, N.; Browne, D. J.

    2016-11-01

    For the first time, isothermal equiaxed solidification of a metallic alloy has been observed in situ in space, providing unique benchmark experimental data. The experiment was completed on board the MASER 13 sounding rocket, launched in December 2015, using a newly developed isothermal solidification furnace. A grain-refined Al-20 wt%Cu sample was fully melted and solidified during 360 s of microgravity and the solidification sequence was recorded using time-resolved X-radiography. Equiaxed nucleation, dendritic growth, solutal impingement, and eutectic transformation were thus observed in a gravity-free environment. Equiaxed nucleation was promoted through application of a controlled cooling rate of -0.05 K/s producing a 1D grain density of 6.5 mm-1, uniformly distributed throughout the field of view (FOV). Primary growth slowed to a visually imperceptible level at an estimated undercooling of 7 K, after which the cooling rate was increased to -1.0 K/s for the remainder of solidification and eutectic transformation, ensuring the sample was fully solidified inside the microgravity time window. The eutectic transformation commenced at the centre of the FOV proceeding radially outwards covering the entire FOV in 3 s Microgravity-based solidification is compared to an identical pre-flight ground-based experiment using the same sample and experiment timeline. The ground experiment was designed to minimise gravity effects, by choice of a horizontal orientation for the sample, so that any differences would be subtle. The first equiaxed nucleation occurred at an apparent undercooling of 0.6 K less than the equivalent event during microgravity. During primary equiaxed solidification, as expected, no buoyant grain motion was observed during microgravity, compared to modest grain rotation and reorientation observed during terrestrial-based solidification. However, when the cooling rate was increased from -0.05 K/s to -1.0 K/s during the latter stages of solidification, in both 1g and micro-g environments, some grain movement was apparent due to liquid feeding and mechanical impingement of neighbouring grains.

  2. SUNREL Documentation | Buildings | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    using SUNREL software. When changes are made to the manual, we post updates under the updates link below . Although limited technical support is provided to users, we do post answers to some frequently asked

  3. Structural Impact of Construction Loads : [Technical Summary

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2012-01-01

    Numerous bridge construction accidents have occurred because of construction loadings, which are an underemphasized topic in many specifications and design manuals. Bridge girders are least stable during the construction phase, so it is important for...

  4. 77 FR 28353 - Foreign-Trade Zone 45-Portland, OR, Notification of Proposed Production Activity, Shimadzu USA...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-14

    ...; filter paper; technical books and manuals; textile-covered foam shielding; ceramic hardware and fittings... cables (including fiber optic cable); insulators; filters; lenses; mirrors; prisms; other optical...

  5. 48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

  6. 48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

  7. 48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

  8. 48 CFR 1402.170 - Acronyms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... AND TERMS Definitions 1402.170 Acronyms. A&EArchitect & Engineering ACMISAcquisition Career Management... CORContracting Officer's Representative COTRContracting Officer's Technical Representative DISPDefense Industrial... TFMTreasury Financial Manual U.S.C.United States Code VECPValue Engineering Change Proposal [75 FR 19829, Apr...

  9. 21 CFR 1271.47 - What procedures must I establish and maintain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... HUMAN CELLS, TISSUES, AND CELLULAR AND TISSUE-BASED PRODUCTS Donor Eligibility § 1271.47 What procedures... technical manual prepared by another organization, provided that you have verified that the procedures are...

  10. Computer Security Systems Enable Access.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Riggen, Gary

    1989-01-01

    A good security system enables access and protects information from damage or tampering, but the most important aspects of a security system aren't technical. A security procedures manual addresses the human element of computer security. (MLW)

  11. 36 CFR 200.6 - Information available; inspection, copying, and charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... public upon request, such as recreational brochures, pamphlets, maps, and technical guides as well as... Directive System (§ 200.4). For example, some pamphlets and small segments of the Forest Service Manual and...

  12. Flexible Case - Grain Interaction in Ballistic Weapon Systems. Volume I. Technical Accomplishments.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-10-01

    Summary of Test Measurements for Motor No. 2 K-i Appendix I Software Documentation and User ’s Manual L-1 Multiplexor Driver Program for the F Varian...the - .4 case. Thus, any force applied to the steel pl ug causes a slight deflectionof the strain gaged element that can be interpreted as a stress...were extruded by manual pressure.The failure gages were installed in a similar manner with the exception that they were bonded in place with standard AGC

  13. NECAP 4.1: NASA's energy-cost analysis program user's manual

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jensen, R. N.; Henninger, R. H.; Miner, D. L.

    1983-01-01

    The Enery Cost Analysis Program (NECAP) is a powerful computerized method to determine and to minimize building energy consumption. The program calculates hourly heat gain or losses taking into account the building thermal resistance and mass, using hourly weather and a "response factor' method. Internal temperatures are allowed to vary in accordance with thermostat settings and equipment capacity. A simplified input procedure and numerous other technical improvements are presented. This Users Manual describes the program and provides examples.

  14. The CCTC Quick-Reacting General War Gaming System (QUICK) Users Manual. Volume 3. Weapon Allocation Subsystem

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1978-04-15

    analyst who is concerned with preparing the data base for a war game, selecting optional features of QUICK, designating control parameters, submitting...i/.,-j-t r? 70 ~ CoMPUIfE YsTIEM MANUAL CSM UM 9-77 VOLUME IIIC15 APRIL 1978 Lod COMMAND 9 \\.., & CONTROL 09 TECHNICAL . CENTER CCTC QUICK-REACTING...RECALC Mode ............................... 31 3.1.1.2 Non -RECALC Mode ........................... 31 3.1.1.3 Mode Selecti-n and JCL Consideration

  15. Solar Simulation Laboratory Description and Manual.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-06-01

    2000 was sent back to Cyborg Corp. three times over a five month period for repairs. The solar lab is presently using a loaner from Cyborg Corp. The IBM...PC/XT is connected to the ISAAC 2000 by a RS232 connection. All programs were written in advanced basic ("BASICA"). BASICA was used because Cyborg ...2067 CH/P Temperature.Control Bath TechnicalManual, November. 1980. A 30. Cyborg Corporation, Version 1.2, IS..AC.....Co..mpiut.er.liz e.d Data

  16. SRC-I demonstration plant analytical laboratory methods manual. Final technical report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Klusaritz, M.L.; Tewari, K.C.; Tiedge, W.F.

    1983-03-01

    This manual is a compilation of analytical procedures required for operation of a Solvent-Refined Coal (SRC-I) demonstration or commercial plant. Each method reproduced in full includes a detailed procedure, a list of equipment and reagents, safety precautions, and, where possible, a precision statement. Procedures for the laboratory's environmental and industrial hygiene modules are not included. Required American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) methods are cited, and ICRC's suggested modifications to these methods for handling coal-derived products are provided.

  17. Improved Crystal Quality by Detached Solidification in Microgravity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Regel, Liya L.; Wilcox, William R.

    1999-01-01

    Directional solidification in microgravity has often led to ingots that grew with little or no contact with the ampoule wall. When this occurred, crystallographic perfection was usually greatly improved -- often by several orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, until recently the true mechanisms underlying detached solidification were unknown. As a consequence, flight experiments yielded erratic results. Within the past four years, we have developed a new theoretical model that explains many of the flight results. This model gives rise to predictions of the conditions required to yield detached solidification, both in microgravity and on earth. A discussion of models of detachment, the meniscus models and results of theoretical modeling, and future plans are presented.

  18. Modelling directional solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilcox, William R.

    1987-01-01

    An improved understanding of the phenomena of importance to directional solidification is attempted to enable explanation and prediction of differences in behavior between solidification on Earth and in space. Emphasis is now on experimentally determining the influence of convection and freezing rate fluctuations on compositional homogeneity and crystalline perfection. A correlation is sought between heater temperature profiles, buoyancy-driven convection, and doping inhomogeneities using naphthalene doped with anthracene. The influence of spin-up/spin-down is determined on compositional homogeneity and microstructure of indium gallium antimonide. The effect is determined of imposed melting - freezing cycles on indium gallium antimonide. The mechanism behind the increase of grain size caused by using spin-up/spin-down in directional solidification of mercury cadimum telluride is sought.

  19. Cooling and solidification of liquid-metal drops in a gaseous atmosphere

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mccoy, J. K.; Markworth, A. J.; Collings, E. W.; Brodkey, R. S.

    1992-01-01

    The free fall of a liquid-metal drop, heat transfer from the drop to its environment, and solidification of the drop are described for both gaseous and vacuum atmospheres. A simple model, in which the drop is assumed to fall rectilinearly, with behavior like that of a rigid particle, is developed to describe cooling behavior. Recalescence of supercooled drops is assumed to occur instantaneously when a specified temperature is passed. The effects of solidification and experimental parameters on drop cooling are calculated and discussed. Major results include temperature as a function of time, and of drag, time to complete solidification, and drag as a function of the fraction of the drop solidified.

  20. Inverse Thermal Analysis of Alloy 690 Laser and Hybrid Laser-GMA Welds Using Solidification-Boundary Constraints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lambrakos, S. G.

    2017-08-01

    An inverse thermal analysis of Alloy 690 laser and hybrid laser-GMA welds is presented that uses numerical-analytical basis functions and boundary constraints based on measured solidification cross sections. In particular, the inverse analysis procedure uses three-dimensional constraint conditions such that two-dimensional projections of calculated solidification boundaries are constrained to map within experimentally measured solidification cross sections. Temperature histories calculated by this analysis are input data for computational procedures that predict solid-state phase transformations and mechanical response. These temperature histories can be used for inverse thermal analysis of welds corresponding to other welding processes whose process conditions are within similar regimes.

  1. Anomalous eutectic formation in the solidification of undercooled Co-Sn alloys

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, L.; Wei, X. X.; Huang, Q. S.; Li, J. F.; Cheng, X. H.; Zhou, Y. H.

    2012-11-01

    Three Co-Sn alloys with compositions around the eutectic point were undercooled to different degrees below the equilibrium liquidus temperature and the solidification behaviors were investigated by monitoring the temperature recalescence and examing the solidification structure. It is revealed that the primary phase during rapid solidification changes complexly with the increasing undercooling in the off-eutectic alloys, while coupled eutectic growth takes place at all undercoolings in the eutectic alloy. Two types of anomalous eutectics form in the alloys: one evolving from coupled eutectics and the other from single phase dendrites or seaweeds. The crystallographic orientation of eutectic phases in the anomalous eutectic is dependent on which type their precursors belong to.

  2. Progress in modeling solidification in molten salt coolants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tano, Mauricio; Rubiolo, Pablo; Doche, Olivier

    2017-10-01

    Molten salts have been proposed as heat carrier media in the nuclear and concentrating solar power plants. Due to their high melting temperature, solidification of the salts is expected to occur during routine and accidental scenarios. Furthermore, passive safety systems based on the solidification of these salts are being studied. The following article presents new developments in the modeling of eutectic molten salts by means of a multiphase, multicomponent, phase-field model. Besides, an application of this methodology for the eutectic solidification process of the ternary system LiF-KF-NaF is presented. The model predictions are compared with a newly developed semi-analytical solution for directional eutectic solidification at stable growth rate. A good qualitative agreement is obtained between the two approaches. The results obtained with the phase-field model are then used for calculating the homogenized properties of the solid phase distribution. These properties can then be included in a mixture macroscale model, more suitable for industrial applications.

  3. X-Ray Radiographic Observation of Directional Solidification Under Microgravity: XRMON-GF Experiments on MASER12 Sounding Rocket Mission

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Reinhart, G.; NguyenThi, H.; Bogno, A.; Billia, B.; Houltz, Y.; Loth, K.; Voss, D.; Verga, A.; dePascale, F.; Mathiesen, R. H.; hide

    2012-01-01

    The European Space Agency (ESA) - Microgravity Application Promotion (MAP) programme entitled XRMON (In situ X-Ray MONitoring of advanced metallurgical processes under microgravity and terrestrial conditions) aims to develop and perform in situ X-ray radiography observations of metallurgical processes in microgravity and terrestrial environments. The use of X-ray imaging methods makes it possible to study alloy solidification processes with spatio-temporal resolutions at the scales of relevance for microstructure formation. XRMON has been selected for MASER 12 sounding rocket experiment, scheduled in autumn 2011. Although the microgravity duration is typically six minutes, this short time is sufficient to investigate a solidification experiment with X-ray radiography. This communication will report on the preliminary results obtained with the experimental set-up developed by SSC (Swedish Space Corporation). Presented results dealing with directional solidification of Al-Cu confirm the great interest of performing in situ characterization to analyse dynamical phenomena during solidification processes.

  4. Effect of process parameters on hardness, temperature profile and solidification of different layers processed by direct metal laser sintering (DMLS)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahmed, Sazzad Hossain; Mian, Ahsan; Srinivasan, Raghavan

    2016-07-01

    In DMLS process objects are fabricated layer by layer from powdered material by melting induced by a controlled laser beam. Metallic powder melts and solidifies to form a single layer. Solidification map during layer formation is an important route to characterize micro-structure and grain morphology of sintered layer. Generally, solidification leads to columnar, equiaxed or mixture of these two types grain morphology depending on solidification rate and thermal gradient. Eutectic or dendritic structure can be formed in fully equiaxed zone. This dendritic growth has a large effect on material properties. Smaller dendrites generally increase ductility of the layer. Thus, materials can be designed by creating desired grain morphology in certain regions using DMLS process. To accomplish this, hardness, temperature distribution, thermal gradient and solidification cooling rate in processed layers will be studied under change of process variables by using finite element analysis, with specific application to Ti-6Al-4V.

  5. Time-Resolved In Situ Measurements During Rapid Alloy Solidification: Experimental Insight for Additive Manufacturing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McKeown, Joseph T.; Zweiacker, Kai; Liu, Can; Coughlin, Daniel R.; Clarke, Amy J.; Baldwin, J. Kevin; Gibbs, John W.; Roehling, John D.; Imhoff, Seth D.; Gibbs, Paul J.; Tourret, Damien; Wiezorek, Jörg M. K.; Campbell, Geoffrey H.

    2016-03-01

    Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals and alloys is becoming a pervasive technology in both research and industrial environments, though significant challenges remain before widespread implementation of AM can be realized. In situ investigations of rapid alloy solidification with high spatial and temporal resolutions can provide unique experimental insight into microstructure evolution and kinetics that are relevant for AM processing. Hypoeutectic thin-film Al-Cu and Al-Si alloys were investigated using dynamic transmission electron microscopy to monitor pulsed-laser-induced rapid solidification across microsecond timescales. Solid-liquid interface velocities measured from time-resolved images revealed accelerating solidification fronts in both alloys. The observed microstructure evolution, solidification product, and presence of a morphological instability at the solid-liquid interface in the Al-4 at.%Cu alloy are related to the measured interface velocities and small differences in composition that affect the thermophysical properties of the alloys. These time-resolved in situ measurements can inform and validate predictive modeling efforts for AM.

  6. Time-Resolved In Situ Measurements During Rapid Alloy Solidification: Experimental Insight for Additive Manufacturing

    DOE PAGES

    McKeown, Joseph T.; Zweiacker, Kai; Liu, Can; ...

    2016-01-27

    In research and industrial environments, additive manufacturing (AM) of metals and alloys is becoming a pervasive technology, though significant challenges remain before widespread implementation of AM can be realized. In situ investigations of rapid alloy solidification with high spatial and temporal resolutions can provide unique experimental insight into microstructure evolution and kinetics that are relevant for AM processing. Hypoeutectic thin-film Al–Cu and Al–Si alloys were investigated using dynamic transmission electron microscopy to monitor pulsed-laser-induced rapid solidification across microsecond timescales. Solid–liquid interface velocities measured from time-resolved images revealed accelerating solidification fronts in both alloys. We observed microstructure evolution, solidification product, andmore » presence of a morphological instability at the solid–liquid interface in the Al–4 at.%Cu alloy are related to the measured interface velocities and small differences in composition that affect the thermophysical properties of the alloys. These time-resolved in situ measurements can inform and validate predictive modeling efforts for AM.« less

  7. The study of flow pattern and phase-change problem in die casting process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wang, T. S.; Wei, H.; Chen, Y. S.; Shang, H. M.

    1996-01-01

    The flow pattern and solidification phenomena in die casting process have been investigated in the first phase study. The flow pattern in filling process is predicted by using a VOF (volume of fluid) method. A good agreement with experimental observation is obtained for filling the water into a die cavity with different gate geometry and with an obstacle in the cavity. An enthalpy method has been applied to solve the solidification problem. By treating the latent heat implicitly into the enthalpy instead of explicitly into the source term, the CPU time can be reduced at least 20 times. The effect of material properties on solidification fronts is tested. It concludes that the dependence of properties on temperature is significant. The influence of the natural convection over the diffusion has also been studied. The result shows that the liquid metal solidification phenomena is diffusion dominant, and the natural convection can affect the shape of the interface. In the second phase study, the filling and solidification processes will be considered simultaneously.

  8. Macrosegregation and Grain Formation Caused by Convection Associated with Directional Solidification Through Cross-Section Increase

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ghods, Masoud; Lauer, Mark; Tewari, Surendra; Poirier, David; Grugel, Richard

    2016-01-01

    Cylindrical Al-7 wt% Silicon, Al-19 wt% Copper and Lead-6 wt% Antimony alloy samples were directionally solidified (DS) with liquid above, solid below, and gravity pointing down, in graphite crucibles having an abrupt cross-sectional increase. These alloys have similar solidification shrinkage but are expected to have different degrees of thermosolutal convection during solidification. Microstructures in the DS samples in the vicinity of the section change have been studied in order to examine the effect of convection associated with the combined influence of thermosolutal effects and solidification shrinkage. Extensive radial and axial macrosegregation associated with cross-section change is observed. It also appears that steepling and local primary alpha-phase remelting resulting from convection are responsible for stray grain formation at the reentrant corners. Preliminary results from a numerical model, which includes solidification shrinkage and thermosolutal convection in the mushy zone, indicate that these regions are prone to solutal remelting of dendrites.

  9. Solid-liquid and liquid-solid transitions in metal nanoparticles.

    PubMed

    Hou, M

    2017-02-22

    The melting and solidification temperatures of nanosystems may differ by several hundred Kelvin. To understand the origin of this difference, transitions in small metallic nanoparticles on the atomic scale were analyzed using molecular dynamics (MD). Palladium was used as a case study, which was then extended to a range of other elemental metals. It was argued that in realistic environments, such as gases at low pressure (of the order of 1 mbar), heat transfers allow the microcanonical thermal equilibrium evolution of the nanoparticles between successive collisions with gas atoms. This is shown to have no significant influence on the mechanism of melting, whereas in an isolated nanoparticle, solidification triggers a huge and rapid increase in temperature. A simple relationship between the melting and solidification temperatures was found, indicating that the magnitude of the latent heat of melting governs undercooling. Whereas melting occurs via heterogeneous nucleation, solidification displays characteristics of spinodal decomposition. Consistently, the melting temperature scales with the surface-to-volume ratio, whereas the solidification temperature displays no significant dependence on the particle size.

  10. Preliminary in situ and real-time study of directional solidification of metallic alloys by x-ray imaging techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nguyen Thi, H.; Jamgotchian, H.; Gastaldi, J.; Härtwig, J.; Schenk, T.; Klein, H.; Billia, B.; Baruchel, J.; Dabo, Y.

    2003-05-01

    During directional solidification of a binary alloy, the solid-liquid interface exhibits a variety of patterns that are due to the Mullins-Sekerka instability and governed by the growth conditions. It is well known that properties of the grown material are largely controlled by the microstructures left in the solid during processing. Thus, a precise mastering of the solidification is essential to tailor products in a reproducible fashion to a specified quality. One major difficulty for this study is the real-time and in situ observation of the interface, especially for metallic alloys. A possibility is to use an intense and coherent third generation x-ray beam. By combining different x-ray imaging techniques (absorption/phase contrast radiography and diffraction topography), we have studied the directional melting and solidification of aluminium-based alloys. The preliminary results show the great potential of these techniques for the study of the coupling between stress effects and microstructure formation in solidification processing.

  11. Survey Analysis of Materials Processing Experiments Aboard STS-47: Spacelab J

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sharpe, R. J.; Wright, M. D.

    2009-01-01

    This Technical Memorandum (TM) is a survey outline of materials processing experiments aboard Space Shuttle Mission STS-47: Spacelab J, a joint venture between NASA and the National Space Development Agency of Japan. The mission explored materials processing experiments including electronics and crystal growth materials, metals and alloys, glasses and ceramics, and fluids. Experiments covered include Growth of Silicone Spherical Crystals and Surface Oxidation, Growth Experiment of Narrow Band-Gap Semiconductor Lead-Tin-Tellurium Crystals in Space, Study on Solidification of Immiscible Alloys, Fabrication of Very-Low-Density, High-Stiffness Carbon Fiber/Aluminum Hybridized Composites, High Temperature Behavior of Glass, and Study of Bubble Behavior. The TM underscores the historical significance of these experiments in the context of materials processing in space.

  12. Segregation effects during solidification in weightless melts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Li, C.; Gershinsky, M.

    1974-01-01

    The generalized problem of determining the temperature and solute concentration profiles during directional solidification of binary alloys with surface evaporation was mathematically formulated. Realistic initial and boundary conditions were defined, and a computer program was developed and checked out. The programs computes the positions of two moving boundaries, evaporation and solidification, and their velocities. Temperature and solute concentration profiles in the semiinfinite material body at selected instances of time are also computed.

  13. Functional Nanoclay Suspension for Printing-Then-Solidification of Liquid Materials.

    PubMed

    Jin, Yifei; Compaan, Ashley; Chai, Wenxuan; Huang, Yong

    2017-06-14

    Additive manufacturing (AM) enables the freeform fabrication of complex structures from various build materials. The objective of this study is to develop a novel Laponite nanoclay-enabled "printing-then-solidification" additive manufacturing approach to extrude complex three-dimensional (3D) structures made of various liquid build materials. Laponite, a member of the smectite mineral family, is investigated to serve as a yield-stress support bath material for the extrusion printing of liquid build materials. Using the printing-then-solidification approach, the printed structure remains liquid and retains its shape with the help of the Laponite support bath. Then the completed liquid structures are solidified in situ by applying suitable cross-linking mechanisms. Finally, the solidified structures are harvested from the Laponite nanoclay support bath for any further processing as needed. Due to its chemical and physical stability, liquid build materials with different solidification/curing/gelation mechanisms can be fabricated in the Laponite bath using the printing-then-solidification approach. The feasibility of the proposed Laponite-enabled printing-then-solidification approach is demonstrated by fabricating several complicated structures made of various liquid build materials, including alginate with ionic cross-linking, gelatin with thermal cross-linking, and SU-8 with photo-cross-linking. During gelatin structure printing, living cells are included and the postfabrication cell viability is above 90%.

  14. Matching time and spatial scales of rapid solidification: dynamic TEM experiments coupled to CALPHAD-informed phase-field simulations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perron, Aurelien; Roehling, John D.; Turchi, Patrice E. A.; Fattebert, Jean-Luc; McKeown, Joseph T.

    2018-01-01

    A combination of dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM) experiments and CALPHAD-informed phase-field simulations was used to study rapid solidification in Cu-Ni thin-film alloys. Experiments—conducted in the DTEM—consisted of in situ laser melting and determination of the solidification kinetics by monitoring the solid-liquid interface and the overall microstructure evolution (time-resolved measurements) during the solidification process. Modelling of the Cu-Ni alloy microstructure evolution was based on a phase-field model that included realistic Gibbs energies and diffusion coefficients from the CALPHAD framework (thermodynamic and mobility databases). DTEM and post mortem experiments highlighted the formation of microsegregation-free columnar grains with interface velocities varying from ˜0.1 to ˜0.6 m s-1. After an ‘incubation’ time, the velocity of the planar solid-liquid interface accelerated until solidification was complete. In addition, a decrease of the temperature gradient induced a decrease in the interface velocity. The modelling strategy permitted the simulation (in 1D and 2D) of the solidification process from the initially diffusion-controlled to the nearly partitionless regimes. Finally, results of DTEM experiments and phase-field simulations (grain morphology, solute distribution, and solid-liquid interface velocity) were consistent at similar time (μs) and spatial scales (μm).

  15. Matching time and spatial scales of rapid solidification: Dynamic TEM experiments coupled to CALPHAD-informed phase-field simulations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Perron, Aurelien; Roehling, John D.; Turchi, Patrice E. A.

    A combination of dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM) experiments and CALPHAD-informed phase-field simulations was used to study rapid solidification in Cu–Ni thin-film alloys. Experiments—conducted in the DTEM—consisted of in situ laser melting and determination of the solidification kinetics by monitoring the solid–liquid interface and the overall microstructure evolution (time-resolved measurements) during the solidification process. Modelling of the Cu–Ni alloy microstructure evolution was based on a phase-field model that included realistic Gibbs energies and diffusion coefficients from the CALPHAD framework (thermodynamic and mobility databases). DTEM and post mortem experiments highlighted the formation of microsegregation-free columnar grains with interface velocities varying frommore » ~0.1 to ~0.6 m s –1. After an 'incubation' time, the velocity of the planar solid–liquid interface accelerated until solidification was complete. In addition, a decrease of the temperature gradient induced a decrease in the interface velocity. The modelling strategy permitted the simulation (in 1D and 2D) of the solidification process from the initially diffusion-controlled to the nearly partitionless regimes. Lastly, results of DTEM experiments and phase-field simulations (grain morphology, solute distribution, and solid–liquid interface velocity) were consistent at similar time (μs) and spatial scales (μm).« less

  16. Matching time and spatial scales of rapid solidification: Dynamic TEM experiments coupled to CALPHAD-informed phase-field simulations

    DOE PAGES

    Perron, Aurelien; Roehling, John D.; Turchi, Patrice E. A.; ...

    2017-12-05

    A combination of dynamic transmission electron microscopy (DTEM) experiments and CALPHAD-informed phase-field simulations was used to study rapid solidification in Cu–Ni thin-film alloys. Experiments—conducted in the DTEM—consisted of in situ laser melting and determination of the solidification kinetics by monitoring the solid–liquid interface and the overall microstructure evolution (time-resolved measurements) during the solidification process. Modelling of the Cu–Ni alloy microstructure evolution was based on a phase-field model that included realistic Gibbs energies and diffusion coefficients from the CALPHAD framework (thermodynamic and mobility databases). DTEM and post mortem experiments highlighted the formation of microsegregation-free columnar grains with interface velocities varying frommore » ~0.1 to ~0.6 m s –1. After an 'incubation' time, the velocity of the planar solid–liquid interface accelerated until solidification was complete. In addition, a decrease of the temperature gradient induced a decrease in the interface velocity. The modelling strategy permitted the simulation (in 1D and 2D) of the solidification process from the initially diffusion-controlled to the nearly partitionless regimes. Lastly, results of DTEM experiments and phase-field simulations (grain morphology, solute distribution, and solid–liquid interface velocity) were consistent at similar time (μs) and spatial scales (μm).« less

  17. Effect of Chemical Composition on Susceptibility to Weld Solidification Cracking in Austenitic Weld Metal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kadoi, Kota; Shinozaki, Kenji

    2017-12-01

    The influence of the chemical composition, especially the niobium content, chromium equivalent Creq, and nickel equivalent Nieq, on the weld solidification cracking susceptibility in the austenite single-phase region in the Schaeffler diagram was investigated. Specimens were fabricated using the hot-wire laser welding process with widely different compositions of Creq, Nieq, and niobium in the region. The distributions of the susceptibility, such as the crack length and brittle temperature range (BTR), in the Schaeffler diagram revealed a region with high susceptibility to solidification cracking. Addition of niobium enhanced the susceptibility and changed the distribution of the susceptibility in the diagram. The BTR distribution was in good agreement with the distribution of the temperature range of solidification (Δ T) calculated by solidification simulation based on Scheil model. Δ T increased with increasing content of alloying elements such as niobium. The distribution of Δ T was dependent on the type of alloying element owing to the change of the partitioning behavior. Thus, the solidification cracking susceptibility in the austenite single-phase region depends on whether the alloy contains elements. The distribution of the susceptibility in the region is controlled by the change in Δ T and the segregation behavior of niobium with the chemical composition.

  18. Liquid-liquid phase separation and solidification behavior of Al55Bi36Cu9 monotectic alloy with different cooling rates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bo, Lin; Li, Shanshan; Wang, Lin; Wu, Di; Zuo, Min; Zhao, Degang

    2018-03-01

    The cooling rate has a significant effect on the solidification behavior and microstructure of monotectic alloy. In this study, different cooling rate was designed through casting in the copper mold with different bore diameters. The effects of different cooling rate on the solidification behavior of Al55Bi36Cu9 (at.%) immiscible alloy have been investigated. The liquid-liquid phase separation of Al55Bi36Cu9 immiscible alloy melt was investigated by resistivity test. The solidification microstructure and phase analysis of Al55Bi36Cu9 immiscible alloy were performed by the SEM and XRD, respectively. The results showed that the liquid-liquid phase separation occurred in the solidification of Al55Bi36Cu9 monotectic melt from 917 °C to 653 °C. The monotectic temperature, liquid phase separation temperature and immiscibility zone of Al55Bi36Cu9 monotectic alloy was lower than those of Al-Bi binary monotectic alloy. The solidification morphology of Al55Bi36Cu9 monotectic alloy was very sensitive to the cooling rate. The Al/Bi core-shell structure formed when Al55Bi36Cu9 melt was cast in the copper mold with a 8 mm bore diameter.

  19. Containerless solidification of BiFeO3 oxide under microgravity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yu, Jianding; Arai, Yasutomo; Koshikawa, Naokiyo; Ishikawa, Takehito; Yoda, Shinichi

    1999-07-01

    Containerless solidification of BiFeO3 oxide has been carried out under microgravity with Electrostatic Levitation Furnace (ELF) aboard on the sounding rocket (TR-IA). It is a first containerless experiment using ELF under microgravity for studying the solidification of oxide insulator material. Spherical BiFeO3 sample with diameter of 5mm was heated by two lasers in oxygen and nitrogen mixing atmosphere, and the sample position by electrostatic force under pinpoint model and free drift model. In order to compare the solidification behavior in microgravity with on ground, solidification experiments of BiFeO3 in crucible and drop tube were carried out. In crucible experiment, it was very difficult to get single BiFeO3 phase, because segregation of Fe2O3 occured very fast and easily. In drop tube experiment, fine homogeneous BiFeO3 microstructure was obtained in a droplet about 300 μm. It implies that containerless processing can promote the phase selection in solidification. In microgravity experiment, because the heating temperature was lower than that of estimated, the sample was heated into Fe2O3+liquid phase region. Fe2O3 single crystal grew on the surface of the spherical sample, whose sample was clearly different from that observed in ground experiments.

  20. Integrated System of Thermal/Dimensional Analysis for Quality Control of Metallic Melt and Ductile Iron Casting Solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stan, Stelian; Chisamera, Mihai; Riposan, Iulian; Neacsu, Loredana; Cojocaru, Ana Maria; Stan, Iuliana

    2018-03-01

    The main objective of the present work is to introduce a specific experimental instrument and technique for simultaneously evaluating cooling curves and expansion or contraction of cast metals during solidification. Contraction/expansion analysis illustrates the solidification parameters progression, according to the molten cast iron characteristics, which are dependent on the melting procedure and applied metallurgical treatments, mold media rigidity and thermal behavior [heat transfer parameters]. The first part of the paper summarizes the performance of this two-mold device. Its function is illustrated by representative shrinkage tendency results in ductile cast iron as affected by mold rigidity (green sand and furan resin sand molds) and inoculant type (FeSi-based alloys), published in part previously. The second part of the paper illustrates an application of this equipment adapted for commercial foundry use. It conducts thermal analysis and volume change measurements in a single ceramic cup so that mold media as well as solidification conditions are constants, with cast iron quality as the variable. Experiments compared gray and ductile cast iron solidification patterns. Gray iron castings are characterized by higher undercooling at the beginning and at the end of solidification and lower graphitic expansion. Typically, ductile cast iron exhibits higher graphitic, initial expansion, conducive for shrinkage formation in soft molds.

  1. Space Propulsion Hazards Analysis Manual (SPHAM). Volume 1

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1988-10-01

    Wiley, New York, 1983, p.p. 64-68 (11) Martin Marietta MCR 82-800, Rev. B, 29 September 1982, "DOD Safety Review Team Lessons Learned Data Base...FLinaIRe-p,.-t, Martin Marietta Technical Report , Contract F42600-81-D-1379, September 1982. (57) Bader, Donaldson, et. al., Liquid Propellant Rocket Abort...Fire Model, Journal of Astronautics and Aeronautics, December 1971. (58) Banning, D., Propellant_$pill Analysi, Martin Marietta Technical Report , July

  2. INTERNATIONAL ENGLISH MANUAL

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    AMADOR, MABLE; KELLER, YVONNE KELLER

    This document presents a set of guidelines for authors who wish to express themselves more clearly to foreign readers, or readers whose first language is not American English. Topics include idioms, technical terms, jargon, word meaning, acronyms, and international conventions of measurement. The guidelines will help writers of technical documents present their ideas more effectively to audiences that may include individuals whose first language is not American English, including audiences with individuals from other English-speaking countries.

  3. AgRISTARS: Foreign Commodity production forecasting. Project procedures designation and description document, volume 1

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Waggoner, J. T.; Phinney, D. E. (Principal Investigator)

    1981-01-01

    The crop estimation analysis procedures documentation of the AgRISTARS - Foreign Commodity Production Forecasting Project (FCPF) is presented. Specifically it includes the technical/management documentation of the remote sensing data analysis procedures prepared in accordance with the guidelines provided in the FCPF communication/documentation standards manual. Standard documentation sets are given arranged by procedural type and level then by crop types or other technically differentiating categories.

  4. Thermal analysis of HGFQ using FIDAP(trademark): Solidification front motion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Woodbury, Keith A.

    1996-01-01

    The High Gradient Furnace with Quench (HGFQ) is being designed by NASA/MSFC for flight on the International Space Station. The furnace is being designed specifically for solidification experiments in metal and metallic alloy systems. The HGFQ Product development Team (PDT) has been active since January 1994 and their effort is now in early Phase B. Thermal models have been developed both by NASA and Sverdrup (support contractor) to assist in the HGFQ design effort. Both these models use SINDA as a solution engine, but the NASA model was developed using PATRAN and includes more detail than the Sverdrup model. These models have been used to guide design decisions and have been validated through experimentation on a prototypical 'Breadboard' furnace at MSFC. One facet of the furnace operation of interest to the designers is the sensitivity of the solidification interface location to changes in the furnace setpoint. Specifically of interest is the motion (position and velocity) of the solidification front due to a small perturbation in the furnace temperature. FIDAP(TM) is a commercially available finite element program for analysis of heat transfer and fluid flow processes. Its strength is in solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for incompressible flow, but among its capabilities is the analysis of transient processes involving radiation and solidification. The models presently available from NASA and Sverdrup are steady-state models and are incapable of computing the motion of the solidification front. The objective of this investigation is to use FIDAP(TM) to compute the motion of the solidification interface due to a perturbation in the furnace setpoint.

  5. Fundamental Studies of Solidification in Microgravity Using Real-Time X-Ray Microscopy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Curreri, Peter A.; Kaukler, William; Sen, Subhayu; Bhat, Biliyar N.

    1999-01-01

    This research applies a state of the art X-ray Transmission Microscope, XTM, to image (with resolutions up to 3 micrometers) the solidification of metallic or semiconductor alloys in real-time. We have successfully imaged in real-time: interfacial morphologies, phase growth, coalescence, incorporation of phases into the growing interface, and the solute boundary layer in the liquid at the solid-liquid interface. We have also measured true local growth rates and can evaluate segregation structures in the solid; a form of in-situ metallography. During this study, the growth of secondary phase fibers and lamellae from eutectic and monotectic alloys have been imaged during solidification, in real-time, for the first time in bulk metal alloys. Current high resolution X-ray sources and high contrast X-ray detectors have advanced to allow systematic study of solidification dynamics and the resulting microstructure. We have employed a state-of-the-art sub-micron source with acceleration voltages of 10-100 kV to image solidification of metals. One useful strength of the XTM stems from the manner an image is formed. The radiographic image is a shadow formed by x-ray photons that are not absorbed as they pass through the specimen. Composition gradients within the specimen cause variations in absorption of the flux such that the final image represents a spatial integral of composition (or thickness). The ability to image these features in real-time enables more fundamental and detailed understanding of solidification dynamics than has previously been possible. Hence, application of this technique towards microgravity experiments will allow rigorous testing of critical solidification models.

  6. A laboratory model for solidification of Earth's core

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bergman, Michael I.; Macleod-Silberstein, Marget; Haskel, Michael; Chandler, Benjamin; Akpan, Nsikan

    2005-11-01

    To better understand the influence of rotating convection in the outer core on the solidification of the inner core we have constructed a laboratory model for solidification of Earth's core. The model consists of a 15 cm radius hemispherical acrylic tank concentric with a 5 cm radius hemispherical aluminum heat exchanger that serves as the incipient inner core onto which we freeze ice from salt water. Long exposure photographs of neutrally buoyant particles in illuminated planes suggest reduction of flow parallel to the rotation axis. Thermistors in the tank near the heat exchanger show that in experiments with rotation the temperature near the pole is lower than near the equator, unlike for control experiments without rotation or with a polymer that increases the fluid viscosity. The photographs and thermistors suggest that our observation that ice grows faster near the pole than near the equator for experiments with rotation is a result of colder water not readily convecting away from the pole. Because of the reversal of the thermal gradient, we expect faster equatorial solidification in the Earth's core. Such anisotropy in solidification has been suggested as a cause of inner core elastic (and attenuation) anisotropy, though the plausibility of this suggestion will depend on the core Nusselt number and the slope of the liquidus, and the effects of post-solidification deformation. Previous experiments on hexagonal close-packed alloys such as sea ice and zinc-tin have shown that fluid flow in the melt can result in a solidification texture transverse to the solidification direction, with the texture depending on the nature of the flow. A comparison of the visualized flow and the texture of columnar ice crystals in thin sections from these experiments confirms flow-induced transverse textures. This suggests that the convective pattern at the base of the outer core is recorded in the texture of the inner core, and that outer core convection might contribute to the complexity in the seismically inferred pattern of anisotropy in the Earth's inner core.

  7. PREFACE: Third International Conference on Advances in Solidification Processes (ICASP - 3)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zimmermann, Gerhard; Ratke, Lorenz

    2012-01-01

    The 3rd International Conference on Advances in Solidification Processes was held in the Rolduc Abbey in the Netherlands a few kilometres away from Aachen. Around 200 scientists from 24 countries come in for the four day meeting. They found a stimulating but also relaxing environment and atmosphere, with beautiful weather and the medieval abbey inviting for walks, discussions, sitting outside and drinking a beer or wine. The contributions given at the conference reflected recent advances in various topics of solidification processes, ranging from fundamental aspects to applied casting technologies. In 20 oral sessions and a large poster session innovative results of segregation phenomena, microstructure evolution, nucleation and growth, phase formation, polyphase solidification, rapid solidification and welding, casting technology, thermophysics of molten alloys, solidification with forced melt flow and growth of single crystals and superalloys together with innovative diagnostic techniques were presented. Thereby, findings from experiments as well as from numerical modeling on different lengths scales were jointly discussed and contribute to new insight in solidification behaviour. The papers presented in this open access proceedings cover about half the oral and poster presentations given. They were carefully reviewed as in classical peer reviewed journals by two independent referees and most of them were revised and thus improved according to the reviewers comments. We think that this collection of papers presented at ICASP-3 gives an impression of the excellent contributions made. The papers embrace both the basic and applied aspects of solidification. We especially wish to express our appreciation for the team around Georg Schmitz and Margret Nienhaus organising this event and giving us their valued advice and support at every stage in preparing the conference. We also thank Lokasenna Lektorat for taking the task of checking all language-associated issues and fixing the papers according to the templates given by IOP Conference Series. We also wish to express our gratitude to the IOP Conference Series publishers, who were always helpful and patient with us. Conference photograph

  8. XRMON-GF: A novel facility for solidification of metallic alloys with in situ and time-resolved X-ray radiographic characterization in microgravity conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nguyen-Thi, H.; Reinhart, G.; Salloum Abou Jaoude, G.; Mathiesen, R. H.; Zimmermann, G.; Houltz, Y.; Voss, D.; Verga, A.; Browne, D. J.; Murphy, A. G.

    2013-07-01

    As most of the phenomena involved during the growth of metallic alloys from the melt are dynamic, in situ and time-resolved X-ray imaging should be retained as the method of choice for investigating the solidification front evolution. On Earth, the gravity force is the major source of various disturbing effects (natural convection, buoyancy/sedimentation, and hydrostatic pressure) which can significantly modify or mask certain physical mechanisms. Therefore solidification under microgravity is an efficient way to eliminate such perturbations to provide unique benchmark data for the validation of models and numerical simulations. Up to now, in situ observation during microgravity solidification experiments were limited to the investigations on transparent organic alloys, using optical methods. On the other hand, in situ observation on metallic alloys generally required synchrotron facilities. This paper reports on a novel facility we have designed and developed to investigate directional solidification on metallic alloys in microgravity conditions with in situ X-ray radiography observation. The facility consists of a Bridgman furnace and an X-ray radiography device specifically devoted to the study of Al-based alloys. An unprecedented experiment was recently performed on board a sounding rocket, with a 6 min period of microgravity. Radiographs were successfully recorded during the entire experiment including the melting and solidification phases of the sample, with a Field-of-View of about 5 mm×5 mm, a spatial resolution of about 4 µm and a frequency of 2 frames per second. Some preliminary results are presented on the solidification of the Al-20 wt% Cu sample, which validate the apparatus and confirm the potential of in situ X-ray characterization for the investigation of dynamical phenomena in materials processing, and particularly for the studying of metallic alloys solidification.

  9. Manual on uniform traffic control devices for streets and highways

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-02-01

    The fourth working paper in Phase 1 of the Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight Study discusses the technical relationships of policy consequence concerning bridges. It presents information on bridge design considerations, truck characteristics affect...

  10. The Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for Multimedia, Multipathway Chemicals: Dietary Module Version 1: Technical Manual

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    SHEDS - Multimedia is EPA's premier physically-based, probabilistic model, that can simulate cumulative or aggregate exposures for a population across a variety of multimedia, multipathway environmental chemicals.

  11. Best management practices for soft engineering of shoreline

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Caulk, Andrew D.; Gannon, John E.; Shaw, John R.; Hartig, John H.

    2000-01-01

    Historically, many river shorelines were stabilized and hardened with concrete and steel to protect developments from flooding and erosion, or to accommodate commercial navigation or industry. Typically shorelines were developed for a single purpose. Today, there is growing interest in developing shorelines for multiple purposes so that additional benefits can be accrued. Soft engineering is the use of ecological principles and practices to reduce erosion and achieve the stabilization and safety of shorelines, while enhancing habitat, improving aesthetics, and saving money. The purpose of this best management practices manual is to provide insights and technical advice to local governments, developers, planners, consultants, and industries on when, where, why, and how to incorporate soft engineering of shorelines into shoreline redevelopment projects and reap subsequent benefits. More specific technical advice and contact information can be found in the soft engineering case studies presented in this manual.

  12. A prescribed wake rotor inflow and flow field prediction analysis, user's manual and technical approach

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Egolf, T. A.; Landgrebe, A. J.

    1982-01-01

    A user's manual is provided which includes the technical approach for the Prescribed Wake Rotor Inflow and Flow Field Prediction Analysis. The analysis is used to provide the rotor wake induced velocities at the rotor blades for use in blade airloads and response analyses and to provide induced velocities at arbitrary field points such as at a tail surface. This analysis calculates the distribution of rotor wake induced velocities based on a prescribed wake model. Section operating conditions are prescribed from blade motion and controls determined by a separate blade response analysis. The analysis represents each blade by a segmented lifting line, and the rotor wake by discrete segmented trailing vortex filaments. Blade loading and circulation distributions are calculated based on blade element strip theory including the local induced velocity predicted by the numerical integration of the Biot-Savart Law applied to the vortex wake model.

  13. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goke, Sarah Hayes; Elliott, Nathan Ryan

    The Sandia National Laboratories’ Internal Dosimetry Technical Basis Manual is intended to provide extended technical discussion and justification of the internal dosimetry program at SNL. It serves to record the approach to evaluating internal doses from radiobioassay data, and where appropriate, from workplace monitoring data per the Department of Energy Internal Dosimetry Program Guide DOE G 441.1C. The discussion contained herein is directed primarily to current and future SNL internal dosimetrists. In an effort to conserve space in the TBM and avoid duplication, it contains numerous references providing an entry point into the internal dosimetry literature relevant to this program.more » The TBM is not intended to act as a policy or procedure statement, but will supplement the information normally found in procedures or policy documents. The internal dosimetry program outlined in this manual is intended to meet the requirements of Federal Rule 10CFR835 for monitoring the workplace and for assessing internal radiation doses to workers.« less

  14. QRev—Software for computation and quality assurance of acoustic doppler current profiler moving-boat streamflow measurements—Technical manual for version 2.8

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mueller, David S.

    2016-06-21

    The software program, QRev applies common and consistent computational algorithms combined with automated filtering and quality assessment of the data to improve the quality and efficiency of streamflow measurements and helps ensure that U.S. Geological Survey streamflow measurements are consistent, accurate, and independent of the manufacturer of the instrument used to make the measurement. Software from different manufacturers uses different algorithms for various aspects of the data processing and discharge computation. The algorithms used by QRev to filter data, interpolate data, and compute discharge are documented and compared to the algorithms used in the manufacturers’ software. QRev applies consistent algorithms and creates a data structure that is independent of the data source. QRev saves an extensible markup language (XML) file that can be imported into databases or electronic field notes software. This report is the technical manual for version 2.8 of QRev.

  15. The influence of IQ stratification on WAIS-III/WMS-III FSIQ-general memory index discrepancy base-rates in the standardization sample.

    PubMed

    Hawkins, K A; Tulsky, D S

    2001-11-01

    Since memory performance expectations may be IQ-based, unidirectional base rate data for IQ-Memory Score discrepancies are provided in the WAIS-III/WMS-III Technical Manual. The utility of these data partially rests on the assumption that discrepancy base rates do not vary across ability levels. FSIQ stratified base rate data generated from the standardization sample, however, demonstrate substantial variability across the IQ spectrum. A superiority of memory score over FSIQ is typical at lower IQ levels, whereas the converse is true at higher IQ levels. These data indicate that the use of IQ-memory score unstratified "simple difference" tables could lead to erroneous conclusions for clients with low or high IQ. IQ stratified standardization base rate data are provided as a complement to the "predicted difference" method detailed in the Technical Manual.

  16. Probes and monitors for the study of solidification of molten semiconductors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sadoway, D. R.

    1986-01-01

    The purpose is to examine solidification in the LiCl-KCl system to determine if phenomena such as solute rejection can be obseved by laser schlieren imaging. Molten salts have attributes that make them attractive as physical models in solidification studies. With optical techniques of investigation such as schlieren imaging, it is possible to study fluid flow phenomena in molten salts and to watch the trajectory of the solid-liquid interface.

  17. Materials for the Study of Interesting Phenomena of Solidification on Earth and in Orbit (MEPHISTO)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1987-01-01

    The MEPHISTO experiment is a cooperative American and French investigation of the fundamentals of crystal growth. MEPHISTO is a French-designed and built materials processing furnace. MEPHISTO experiments study solidation (also called freezing) during the growth cycle of liquid materials used for semiconductor crystals. Solidification is the process where materials change from liquid (melt) to solid. An example of the solidification process is water changing into ice.

  18. Rapid solidification of metallic particulates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Grant, N. J.

    1982-01-01

    In order to maximize the heat transfer coefficient the most important variable in rapid solidification is the powder particle size. The finer the particle size, the higher the solidification rate. Efforts to decrease the particle size diameter offer the greatest payoff in attained quench rate. The velocity of the liquid droplet in the atmosphere is the second most important variable. Unfortunately the choices of gas atmospheres are sharply limited both because of conductivity and cost. Nitrogen and argon stand out as the preferred gases, nitrogen where reactions are unimportant and argon where reaction with nitrogen may be important. In gas atomization, helium offers up to an order of magnitude increase in solidification rate over argon and nitrogen. By contrast, atomization in vacuum drops the quench rate several orders of magnitude.

  19. Distribution Behavior of B and P during Al-Si Melt Directional Solidification with Open-Ended Crucible

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bai, Xiaolong; Ban, Boyuan; Li, Jingwei; Peng, Zhijian; Chen, Jian

    2018-03-01

    Distribution behavior of B and P during directional solidification of Al-20Si, Al-30Si and Al-40Si alloys has been investigated. Macrostructure of the Al-Si alloy ingots and concentration profile of elements B and P reveal that the elements segregate to eutectic Al-Si melt during growth of primary Si flakes, and P gradually segregates to the top of the ingots during directional solidification. An apparent segregation coefficient, ka, is introduced to describe the segregation behavior of B and P between the primary Si and the Al-Si melt and compared with thermodynamic theoretical equilibrium coefficients. The apparent segregation coefficients of B and P decrease with increase of solidification temperature.

  20. NASA Safety Manual. Volume 3: System Safety

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1970-01-01

    This Volume 3 of the NASA Safety Manual sets forth the basic elements and techniques for managing a system safety program and the technical methods recommended for use in developing a risk evaluation program that is oriented to the identification of hazards in aerospace hardware systems and the development of residual risk management information for the program manager that is based on the hazards identified. The methods and techniques described in this volume are in consonance with the requirements set forth in NHB 1700.1 (VI), Chapter 3. This volume and future volumes of the NASA Safety Manual shall not be rewritten, reprinted, or reproduced in any manner. Installation implementing procedures, if necessary, shall be inserted as page supplements in accordance with the provisions of Appendix A. No portion of this volume or future volumes of the NASA Safety Manual shall be invoked in contracts.

  1. Operational and maintenance instruction manual for the Ingham County Geriatric Medical Care Facility solar water-heating system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The Ingham County solar system consists of approximately 10,000 square feet of solar collectors connected in a closed configuration loop. The primary loop solution is a 1:12 mixture of water and propylene glycol which flows through the tube side of a heat exchanger connected to the primary storage tank. The heat energy which is supplied to the primary storage tank is subsequently used to preheat the temperature of the laundry water, kitchen water, and domestic potable water. Included in this report are: detailed drawings and flow chart; operational methodology; preventive maintenance instructions; general instructions and safety precautions; and a correctivemore » maintenance and tabulation of failure modes. Appendices include: manufacturers technical manual and component specifications; IBM data sensors and responsibilities; digital county monitor operations manual; and on site monitor operations manual. Reference CAPE-2834. (LS)« less

  2. System for assessing Aviation's Global Emissions (SAGE), version 1.5 : technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-09-01

    The United States (US) Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Office of Environment and Energy (AEE) has : developed the System for assessing Aviations Global Emissions (SAGE) with support from the Volpe National : Transportation Systems Center (Vo...

  3. National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) Technical Support and Research

    EPA Science Inventory

    OW has overall responsibility for all operational aspects of the National Aquatic Resource Surveys (NARS) and funds all field operations, laboratory analyses, and information management. They are responsible for preparation of all documents, including QAPP, field operation manual...

  4. ORD BBS USER'S MANUAL - VERSION 2.0

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Office of Research and Development's Electronic Bulletin Board System (BBS or ''Board") is designed to facilitate the exchange of technical information and ORD products among EPA Headquarters, laboratory and Regional staff and contractors; States; other Federal agencies, univ...

  5. Integrated Noise Model (INM) version 6.0 technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2002-01-31

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA, AEE-100) has : developed Version 6.0 of the Integrated Noise Model (INM) with support from the John A. Volpe : National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility (Vol...

  6. FHWA traffic noise model, version 1.0 : user's guide

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-01-01

    This User's Guide is for the Federal Highway Administration's Traffic Noise Model (FHWA TNM), Version 1.0 -- the FHWAs computer program for highway traffic noise prediction and analysis. Two companion reports, a Technical Manual and a data repor...

  7. Transportation management center data capture for performance and mobility measures guidebook.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-03-01

    The Guide to Transportation Management Center (TMC) Data Capture for Performance and Mobility Measures is a two-volume document consisting of this summary Guidebook and a Reference Manual. These documents provide technical guidance and recommended pr...

  8. Technical Manual for MCestimate

    EPA Science Inventory

    The analysis of competing risks has a long history in human health research, but has received limited formal attention in wildlife ecology and ecotoxicology (Heisey and Patterson 2006). Informally, however, the concept of competing risks has arisen many times in these disciplines...

  9. Integrated noise model (INM) version 7.0 technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2008-01-31

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA, AEE-100) has developed Version 7.0 of the Integrated Noise Model (INM) with support from the John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility (Volpe C...

  10. Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) technical manual version 2a

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-01-01

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA-AEE) has developed the Aviation : Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) version 2a software system with the support of the following development team: : FAA, National Aeronautics a...

  11. Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) technical manual : version 2c

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2016-09-12

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA-AEE) has developed the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT) version 2c software system with the support of the following development team: FAA, National Aeronautics and S...

  12. The Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Model for Multimedia, Multipathway Chemicals: Residential Module Version 4: Technical Manual, May 2012

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    SHEDS - Multimedia is EPA's premier physically-based, probabilistic model, that can simulate cumulative or aggregate exposures for a population across a variety of multimedia, multipathway environmental chemicals.

  13. A Hands-On Project for Teaching Instructions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coggin, William

    1980-01-01

    A college technical writing class project on preparing an instruction manual for a toy race-car set not only showed that the students recognized their audience and used appropriate language, but also provided subject matter for other coursework. (RL)

  14. The Cybrarian's Manual 2.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ensor, Pat, Ed.

    This book examines technical, social, and management issues related to librarians and cyberspace. The following chapters and articles are included: (1) "The Cybrarian's Tool Kit," including "Internet News and Website Reviews" (M. Sylvia), "Searching the Future" (J. Powell), "Netiquette, Hoaxes, and Scams! Oh…

  15. SEER Abstracting Tool (SEER*Abs)

    Cancer.gov

    With this customizable tool, registrars can collect and store data abstracted from medical records. Download the software and find technical support and reference manuals. SEER*Abs has features for creating records, managing abstracting work and data, accessing reference data, and integrating edits.

  16. 11 CFR 9033.12 - Production of computerized information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Disbursements made and reimbursements received for the cost of transportation, ground services and facilities...'s software capabilities, such as user guides, technical manuals, formats, layouts and other... software and the computerized information prepared or maintained by the committee. ...

  17. 40 CFR 66.13 - Duties of source owner or operator upon receipt of a notice of noncompliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... schedule, as provided in the Technical Support Document and Instruction Manual, and transmit that... petition shall be deemed waived. (b) Any submittal pursuant to this subsection shall specify the identity...

  18. Integrated Noise Model (INM), version 5.1 : technical manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-12-01

    The Federal Aviation Administration, Office of Environment and Energy (FAA, AEE-120) : has developed Version 5.1 of the Integrated Noise Model (INM) with support from the : John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Acoustics Facility (Vol...

  19. Guidelines for the Selection of Chemical Protective Clothing. Volume 2. Technical and Reference Manual.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-02-01

    Handler’s Suit for Protection from Chlorine Trifluoride and Elemental Fluorine Technical Report AFRPL-TR-71-44 (August 1971) NTIS AD731556 199 Masterman’s...Protective Clothing for Chlorine , Edition 1 Chlorine Institute Pamphlet 65, The Chlorine Institute, Inc. New York, New York, (June 1978) 15 Anon...Chemical Company Selection of Gloves for Use With Chlorinated Solvents Chlorinated Solvents Information Midland, Michigan 48640 101 Duffy, R.M., A.R.Beer

  20. Numerical and experimental analysis for solidification and residual stress in the GMAW process for AISI 304 stainless steel

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Choi, J.; Mazumder, J.

    1996-12-31

    Networking three fields of welding--thermal, microstructure, and stress--was attempted and produced a reliable model using a numerical method with the finite element analysis technique. Model prediction was compared with experimental data in order to validate the model. The effects of welding process parameters on these welding fields were analyzed and reported. The effort to correlate the residual stress and solidification was initiated, with some valuable results. The solidification process was simulated using the formulation based on the Hunt-Trivedi model. Based on the temperature history, solidification speed and primary dendrite arm spacing were predicted at given nodes of interest. Results showmore » that the variation during solidification is usually within an order of magnitude. The temperature gradient was generally in the range of 10{sup 4}--10{sup 5} K/m for the given welding conditions (welding power = 6 kW and welding speed = 3.3867 to 7.62 mm/sec), while solidification speed appeared to slow down from an order of 10{sup {minus}1} to 10{sup {minus}2} m/sec during solidification. SEM images revealed that the primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS) fell in the range of 10{sup 1}--10{sup 2} {micro}m. For grain growth at the heat affected zone (HAZ), Ashby`s model was employed. The prediction was in agreement with experimental results. For the residual stress calculation, the same mesh generation used in the heat transfer analysis was applied to make the simulation consistent. The analysis consisted of a transient heat analysis followed by a thermal stress analysis. An experimentally measured strain history was compared with the simulated result. The relationship between microstructure and the stress/strain field of welding was also obtained. 64 refs., 18 figs., 9 tabs.« less

  1. Effect of Marangoni Convection Generated by Voids on Segregation During Low-G and 1-G Solidification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kassemi, M.; Fripp, A.; Rashidnia, N.; deGroh, H.

    1999-01-01

    Solidification experiments, especially microgravity solidification experiments are often hampered by the evolution of unwanted voids or bubbles in the melt. Although these voids and/or bubbles are highly undesirable, there are currently no effective means of preventing their formation or eliminating their adverse effects, particularly, during low-g experiments. Marangoni Convection caused by these voids can drastically change the transport processes in the melt and, therefore, introduce enormous difficulties in interpreting the results of the space investigations. Recent microgravity experiments by Matthiesen, Andrews, and Fripp are all good examples of how the presence of voids and bubbles affect the outcome of costly space experiments and significantly increase the level of difficulty in interpreting their results. In this work we examine mixing caused by Marangoni convection generated by voids and bubbles in the melt during both 1-g and low-g solidification experiments. The objective of the research is to perform a detailed and comprehensive combined numerical-experimental study of Marangoni convection caused by voids during the solidification process and to show how it can affect segregation and growth conditions by modifying the flow, temperature, and species concentration fields in the melt. While Marangoni convection generated by bubbles and voids in the melt can lead to rapid mixing that would negate the benefits of microgravity processing, it could be exploited in some terrestrial processing to ensure effective communication between a melt/solid interface and a gas phase stoichiometry control zone. Thus we hope that this study will not only aid us in interpreting the results of microgravity solidification experiments hampered by voids and bubbles but to guide us in devising possible means of minimizing the adverse effects of Marangoni convection in future space experiments or of exploiting its beneficial mixing features in ground-based solidification.

  2. Microstructural investigation of D2 tool steel during rapid solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Delshad Khatibi, Pooya

    Solidification is considered as a key processing step in developing the microstructure of most metallic materials. It is, therefore, important that the solidification process can be designed and controlled in such a way so as to obtain the desirable properties in the final product. Rapid solidification refers to the system's high undercooling and high cooling rate, which can yield a microstructure with unique chemical composition and mechanical properties. An area of interest in rapid solidification application is high-chromium, high-carbon tool steels which experience considerable segregation of alloying elements during their solidification in a casting process. In this dissertation, the effect of rapid solidification (undercooling and cooling rate) of D2 tool steel on the microstructure and carbide precipitation during annealing was explored. A methodology is described to estimate the eutectic and primary phase undercooling of solidifying droplets. The estimate of primary phase undercooling was confirmed using an online measurement device that measured the radiation energy of the droplets. The results showed that with increasing primary phase and eutectic undercooling and higher cooling rate, the amount of supersaturation of alloying element in metastable retained austenite phase also increases. In the case of powders, the optimum hardness after heat treatment is achieved at different temperatures for constant periods of time. Higher supersaturation of austenite results in obtaining secondary hardness at higher annealing temperature. D2 steel ingots generated using spray deposition have high eutectic undercooling and, as a result, high supersaturation of alloying elements. This can yield near net shape D2 tool steel components with good mechanical properties (specifically hardness). The data developed in this work would assist in better understanding and development of near net shape D2 steel spray deposit products with good mechanical properties.

  3. Solute redistribution in dendritic solidification with diffusion in the solid

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ganesan, S.; Poirier, D. R.

    1989-01-01

    An investigation of solute redistribution during dendritic solidification with diffusion in the solid has been performed using numerical techniques. The extent of diffusion is characterized by the instantaneous and average diffusion parameters. These parameters are functions of the diffusion Fourier number, the partition ratio and the fraction solid. Numerical results are presented as an approximate model, which is used to predict the average diffusion parameter and calculate the composition of the interdendritic liquid during solidification.

  4. Solidification drug nanosuspensions into nanocrystals by freeze-drying: a case study with ursodeoxycholic acid.

    PubMed

    Ma, Yue-Qin; Zhang, Zeng-Zhu; Li, Gang; Zhang, Jing; Xiao, Han-Yang; Li, Xian-Fei

    2016-03-01

    To elucidate the effect of solidification processes on the redispersibility of drug nanocrystals (NC) during freeze-drying, ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) nanosuspensions were transformed into UDCA-NC via different solidification process included freezing and lyophilization. The effect of different concentrations of stabilizers and cryoprotectants on redispersibility of UDCA-NC was investigated, respectively. The results showed that the redispersibility of UDCA-NC was RDI-20 °C < RDI-80 °C < RDI-196 °C during freezing, which indicated the redispersibility of UDCA-NC at the conventional temperature was better more than those at moderate and rigorous condition. Compared to the drying strengthen, the employed amount and type of stabilizers more dramatically affected the redispersibility of UDCA-NC during lyophilization. The hydroxypropylmethylcellulose and PVPK30 were effective to protect UDCA-NC from damage during lyophilization, which could homogeneously adsorb into the surface of NC to prevent from agglomerates. The sucrose and glucose achieved excellent performance that protected UDCA-NC from crystal growth during lyophilization, respectively. It was concluded that UDCA-NC was subjected to agglomeration during solidification transformation, and the degree of agglomeration suffered varied with the type and the amounts of stabilizers used, as well as different solidification conditions. The PVPK30-sucrose system was more effective to protect UDCA-NC from the damage during solidification process.

  5. Gravitational Acceleration Effects on Macrosegregation: Experiment and Computational Modeling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Leon-Torres, J.; Curreri, P. A.; Stefanescu, D. M.; Sen, S.

    1999-01-01

    Experiments were performed under terrestrial gravity (1g) and during parabolic flights (10-2 g) to study the solidification and macrosegregation patterns of Al-Cu alloys. Alloys having 2% and 5% Cu were solidified against a chill at two different cooling rates. Microscopic and Electron Microprobe characterization was used to produce microstructural and macrosegregation maps. In all cases positive segregation occurred next to the chill because shrinkage flow, as expected. This positive segregation was higher in the low-g samples, apparently because of the higher heat transfer coefficient. A 2-D computational model was used to explain the experimental results. The continuum formulation was employed to describe the macroscopic transports of mass, energy, and momentum, associated with the solidification phenomena, for a two-phase system. The model considers that liquid flow is driven by thermal and solutal buoyancy, and by solidification shrinkage. The solidification event was divided into two stages. In the first one, the liquid containing freely moving equiaxed grains was described through the relative viscosity concept. In the second stage, when a fixed dendritic network was formed after dendritic coherency, the mushy zone was treated as a porous medium. The macrosegregation maps and the cooling curves obtained during experiments were used for validation of the solidification and segregation model. The model can explain the solidification and macrosegregation patterns and the differences between low- and high-gravity results.

  6. Localized melt-scan strategy for site specific control of grain size and primary dendrite arm spacing in electron beam additive manufacturing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Raghavan, Narendran; Simunovic, Srdjan; Dehoff, Ryan

    In addition to design geometry, surface roughness, and solid-state phase transformation, solidification microstructure plays a crucial role in controlling the performance of additively manufactured components. Crystallographic texture, primary dendrite arm spacing (PDAS), and grain size are directly correlated to local solidification conditions. We have developed a new melt-scan strategy for inducing site specific, on-demand control of solidification microstructure. We were able to induce variations in grain size (30 μm–150 μm) and PDAS (4 μm - 10 μm) in Inconel 718 parts produced by the electron beam additive manufacturing system (Arcam®). A conventional raster melt-scan resulted in a grain size ofmore » about 600 μm. The observed variations in grain size with different melt-scan strategies are rationalized using a numerical thermal and solidification model which accounts for the transient curvature of the melt pool and associated thermal gradients and liquid-solid interface velocities. The refinement in grain size at high cooling rates (>104 K/s) is also attributed to the potential heterogeneous nucleation of grains ahead of the epitaxially growing solidification front. The variation in PDAS is rationalized using a coupled numerical-theoretical model as a function of local solidification conditions (thermal gradient and liquid-solid interface velocity) of the melt pool.« less

  7. Continuum simulation of heat transfer and solidification behavior of AlSi10Mg in Direct Metal Laser Sintering Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ojha, Akash; Samantaray, Mihir; Nath Thatoi, Dhirendra; Sahoo, Seshadev

    2018-03-01

    Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) process is a laser based additive manufacturing process, which built complex structures from powder materials. Using high intensity laser beam, the process melts and fuse the powder particles makes dense structures. In this process, the laser beam in terms of heat flux strikes the powder bed and instantaneously melts and joins the powder particles. The partial solidification and temperature distribution on the powder bed endows a high cooling rate and rapid solidification which affects the microstructure of the build part. During the interaction of the laser beam with the powder bed, multiple modes of heat transfer takes place in this process, that make the process very complex. In the present research, a comprehensive heat transfer and solidification model of AlSi10Mg in direct metal laser sintering process has been developed on ANSYS 17.1.0 platform. The model helps to understand the flow phenomena, temperature distribution and densification mechanism on the powder bed. The numerical model takes into account the flow, heat transfer and solidification phenomena. Simulations were carried out for sintering of AlSi10Mg powders in the powder bed having dimension 3 mm × 1 mm × 0.08 mm. The solidification phenomena are incorporated by using enthalpy-porosity approach. The simulation results give the fundamental understanding of the densification of powder particles in DMLS process.

  8. SOLIDIFICATION/STABILIZATION CASE STUDIES AT USEPA SUPERFUND SITES

    EPA Science Inventory

    Oral presentation dicumenting several completed Superfund remediations using solidification/stabilization, both in situ and ex-situ, to treat soils containing metals and organics.
    65 slide presentation.

  9. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ahmed, A.; Chadwick, T.; Makhlouf, M.

    This paper deals with the effects of various solidification variables such as cooling rate, temperature gradient, solidification rate, etc. on the microstructure and shrinkage defects in aluminum alloy (A356) castings. The effects are first predicted using commercial solidification modeling softwares and then verified experimentally. For this work, the authors are considering a rectangular bar cast in a sand mold. Simulation is performed using SIMULOR, a finite volume based casting simulation program. Microstructural variables such as dendritic arm spacing (DAS) and defects (percentage porosity) are calculated from the temperature fields, cooling rate, solidification time, etc. predicted by the computer softwares. Themore » same variables are then calculated experimentally in the foundry. The test piece is cast in a resin (Sodium Silicate) bonded sand mold and the DAS and porosity variables are calculated using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Image Analysis. The predictions from the software are compared with the experimental results. The results are presented and critically analyzed to determine the quality of the predicted results. The usefulness of the commercial solidification modeling softwares as a tool for the foundry are also discussed.« less

  10. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jo, J.C.; Shin, W.K.; Choi, C.Y.

    Transient heat transfer problems with phase changes (Stefan problems) occur in many engineering situations, including potential core melting and solidification during pressurized-water-reactor severe accidents, ablation of thermal shields, melting and solidification of alloys, and many others. This article addresses the numerical analysis of nonlinear transient heat transfer with melting or solidification. An effective and simple procedure is presented for the simulation of the motion of the boundary and the transient temperature field during the phase change process. To accomplish this purpose, an iterative implicit solution algorithm has been developed by employing the dual-reciprocity boundary-element method. The dual-reciprocity boundary-element approach providedmore » in this article is much simpler than the usual boundary-element method in applying a reciprocity principle and an available technique for dealing with the domain integral of the boundary element formulation simultaneously. In this article, attention is focused on two-dimensional melting (ablation)/solidification problems for simplicity. The accuracy and effectiveness of the present analysis method have been illustrated through comparisons of the calculation results of some examples of one-phase ablation/solidification problems with their known semianalytical or numerical solutions where available.« less

  11. Technique Incorporating Cooling & Contraction / Expansion Analysis to Illustrate Shrinkage Tendency in Cast Irons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stan, S.; Chisamera, M.; Riposan, I.; Neacsu, L.; Cojocaru, A. M.; Stan, I.

    2017-06-01

    With the more widespread adoption of thermal analysis testing, thermal analysis data have become an indicator of cast iron quality. The cooling curve and its first derivative display patterns that can be used to predict the characteristics of a cast iron. An experimental device was developed with a technique to simultaneously evaluate cooling curves and expansion or contraction of cast metals during solidification. Its application is illustrated with results on shrinkage tendency of ductile iron treated with FeSiMgRECa master alloy and inoculated with FeSi based alloys, as affected by mould rigidity (green sand and resin sand moulds). Undercooling at the end of solidification relative to the metastable (carbidic) equilibrium temperature and the expansion within the solidification sequence appear to have a strong influence on the susceptibility to macro - and micro - shrinkage in ductile iron castings. Green sand moulds, as less rigid moulds, encourage the formation of contraction defects, not only because of high initial expansion values, but also because of a higher cooling rate during solidification, and consequently, increased undercooling below the metastable equilibrium temperature up to the end of solidification.

  12. Overview of the Tusas Code for Simulation of Dendritic Solidification

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Trainer, Amelia J.; Newman, Christopher Kyle; Francois, Marianne M.

    2016-01-07

    The aim of this project is to conduct a parametric investigation into the modeling of two dimensional dendrite solidification, using the phase field model. Specifically, we use the Tusas code, which is for coupled heat and phase-field simulation of dendritic solidification. Dendritic solidification, which may occur in the presence of an unstable solidification interface, results in treelike microstructures that often grow perpendicular to the rest of the growth front. The interface may become unstable if the enthalpy of the solid material is less than that of the liquid material, or if the solute is less soluble in solid than itmore » is in liquid, potentially causing a partition [1]. A key motivation behind this research is that a broadened understanding of phase-field formulation and microstructural developments can be utilized for macroscopic simulations of phase change. This may be directly implemented as a part of the Telluride project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), through which a computational additive manufacturing simulation tool is being developed, ultimately to become part of the Advanced Simulation and Computing Program within the U.S. Department of Energy [2].« less

  13. Influence of additional heat exchanger block on directional solidification system for growing multi-crystalline silicon ingot - A simulation investigation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nagarajan, S. G.; Srinivasan, M.; Aravinth, K.; Ramasamy, P.

    2018-04-01

    Transient simulation has been carried out for analyzing the heat transfer properties of Directional Solidification (DS) furnace. The simulation results revealed that the additional heat exchanger block under the bottom insulation on the DS furnace has enhanced the control of solidification of the silicon melt. Controlled Heat extraction rate during the solidification of silicon melt is requisite for growing good quality ingots which has been achieved by the additional heat exchanger block. As an additional heat exchanger block, the water circulating plate has been placed under the bottom insulation. The heat flux analysis of DS system and the temperature distribution studies of grown ingot confirm that the established additional heat exchanger block on the DS system gives additional benefit to the mc-Si ingot.

  14. Onset of Curved Dendrite Growth in an Al-Cu Welding Pool: A Phase Field Study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Lei; Wei, Yanhong

    2018-02-01

    A phase field model is developed to predict curved dendrite growth in the gas tungsten arc (GTA) welding pool of an Al-Cu alloy. The equations of temperature gradient, pulling velocity and dendrite growth orientation are proposed to consider the transient solidification process during welding. Solidification microstructures and solute diffusion along the fusion boundary in the welding pool are predicted by using the phase field model coupled with transient solidification conditions. Predicted primary dendrites are curved and point toward the welding direction. Welding experiments are carried out to observe solidification microstructures of the weld. Comparisons of simulation results with experimental measurements are conducted. Predicted dendritic morphology, dendrite growth orientation, primary dendrite arm spacing and initial cell spacing give a good agreement with experimental measurements.

  15. The growth of metastable peritectic compounds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Larson, D. J., Jr.; Pirich, R. G.

    1981-01-01

    The influence of gravitationally driven thermosolutal convection on the directional solidification of peritectic alloys is considered as well as the relationships between the solidification processing conditions, and the microstructure, chemistry, and magnetic properties of such alloys. Analysis of directionally solidified Pb-Bi peritectic samples indicates that appreciable macrosegregation occurs due to thermosolutal convection and/or Soret diffusion. A peritectic solidification model which accounts for partial mixing in the liquid ahead of the planar solidification interface and describes macrosegregation has been developed. Two-phase dendritic and banded microstructures were grown in the Pb-Bi peritectic system, refined two-phase microstructures have were observed, and candidate formation mechanisms proposed. Material handling, containment, casting, microstructural and magnetic characterization techniques were developed for the Sm-Co system. Alloys produced with these procedures are homogeneous.

  16. Comparative study of solute trapping and Gibbs free energy changes at the phase interface during alloy solidification under local nonequilibrium conditions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sobolev, S. L., E-mail: sobolev@icp.ac.ru

    An analytical model has been developed to describe the influence of solute trapping during rapid alloy solidification on the components of the Gibbs free energy change at the phase interface with emphasis on the solute drag energy. For relatively low interface velocity V < V{sub D}, where V{sub D} is the characteristic diffusion velocity, all the components, namely mixing part, local nonequilibrium part, and solute drag, significantly depend on solute diffusion and partitioning. When V ≥ V{sub D}, the local nonequilibrium effects lead to a sharp transition to diffusionless solidification. The transition is accompanied by complete solute trapping and vanishingmore » solute drag energy, i.e. partitionless and “dragless” solidification.« less

  17. Rooftop Unit Comparison Calculator User Manual

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miller, James D.

    This document serves as a user manual for the Packaged rooftop air conditioners and heat pump units comparison calculator (RTUCC) and is an aggregation of the calculator’s website documentation. Content ranges from new-user guide material like the “Quick Start” to the more technical/algorithmic descriptions of the “Methods Pages.” There is also a section listing all the context-help topics that support the features on the “Controls” page. The appendix has a discussion of the EnergyPlus runs that supported the development of the building-response models.

  18. Radar Ocean Wave Spectrometer (ROWS) preprocessing program (PREROWS2.EXE). User's manual and program description

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vaughn, Charles R.

    1993-01-01

    This Technical Memorandum is a user's manual with additional program documentation for the computer program PREROWS2.EXE. PREROWS2 works with data collected by an ocean wave spectrometer that uses radar (ROWS) as an active remote sensor. The original ROWS data acquisition subsystem was replaced with a PC in 1990. PREROWS2.EXE is a compiled QuickBasic 4.5 program that unpacks the recorded data, displays various variables, and provides for copying blocks of data from the original 8mm tape to a PC file.

  19. Borehole X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (XRFS): User’s Manual, Software Description, and Performance Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-12-01

    and Performance Report built by APL-UW under a NASA contract from the Langley Research Center Technical Report APL-UW TR 0703 December 2007...Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. W.C. Kelliher1, I.A. Carlberg1, W.T. Elam2, and E. Willard-Schmoe2 1NASA Langley Research ...Procurement, Research & Projects Contracting Branch Mail Stop 126 9B Langley Blvd. Hampton, VA 23681-2199 APL-UW TR 0703 DP4 User Manual D1.doc, 4/6/05

  20. Intelligent hypertext systems for aerospace engineering applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lo, Ching F.

    1989-01-01

    This paper is a progress report on the utilization of AI technology for assisting users locating and understanding technical information in manuals used for planning and conducting wind tunnel test. The specific goal is to create an Intelligent Hypertext System (IHS) for wind tunnel testing which combines the computerized manual in the form of hypertext and an advisory system that stores experts' knowledge and experiences. A prototype IHS for conducting transonic wind tunnel testing has been constructed with limited knowledge base. The prototype is being evaluated by potential users.

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