Superficial neurofibromas in the setting of schwannomatosis: nosologic implications

PubMed Central

Scheithauer, Bernd W.; George, David; Midha, Rajiv; MacCollin, Mia; Stemmer-Rachamimov, Anat O.

2015-01-01

First described in the past decade, schwannomatosis is a syndrome distinct from neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2). It is characterized by the development of multiple schwannomas, sparing the vestibular division of cranial nerve VIII, and may also predispose to develop meningiomas. We report two female patients, a 27 and a 44 years old who developed multiple peripheral schwannomas, but without involvement of the vestibular nerves, satisfying clinical criteria for schwannomatosis. Lack of vestibular nerve involvement was confirmed with MRI using an internal auditory canal protocol with 3 mm thick slices in both patients after age 30. Both patients developed a small neurofibroma in axillary subcutaneous tissues and a diffuse cutaneous neurofibroma of the left buttock, respectively. This report highlights that superficial neurofibromas may arise in the setting of schwannomatosis, which may have implications for the diagnostic criteria of this unique syndrome. In particular, the presence of a cutaneous neurofibroma in a patient with multiple schwannomas should not lead to a diagnosis of NF2. PMID:21191601

Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) in an Animal Model of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath (MPNST) Tumors and Plexiform Neurofibromas (PN)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

TITLE: Convection-Enhanced Delivery ( CED ) in an Animal Model of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath ( MPNST ) Tumors and Plexiform Neurofibromas (PN...within the sciatic nerve. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Convection-Enhanced Delivery ( CED ), Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath ( MPNST ), Plexiform Neurofibromas...determine the distribution of macromolecules delivered to intraneural PNs and MPNST via CED . Design: Orthotopic xenograft models of sciatic intraneural

Excision of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Reconstruction with Full Thickness Skin Graft: A Case Study and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Alshadwi, Ahmad; Bhatia, Ishwar

2012-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic debilitating disease characterized by gradually increasing fibrosis of the oral cavity and pharynx, mainly the buccal mucosa, resulting in trismus. The highest incidence of oral submucous fibrosis is seen in South India due to various deleterious habits. In spite of the numerous medical modalities employed in the management of oral submucous fibrosis, occasionally surgical intervention becomes inevitable. Various surgical approaches have been used to reconstruct the surgical defects following excision of fibrous bands. Full thickness skin grafts have been described in the literature with variable outcomes. In the present study a 38-year-old male presented with severe oral submucous fibrosis of the buccal mucosa, which was successfully treated and reconstructed using full thickness skin graft with stable functional result after one year of treatment. An integrated review of the literature regarding etiology, histopathology, diagnostic, and treatment modalities of the disease follows. PMID:23304568

Methylation-based classification of benign and malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors.

PubMed

Röhrich, Manuel; Koelsche, Christian; Schrimpf, Daniel; Capper, David; Sahm, Felix; Kratz, Annekathrin; Reuss, Jana; Hovestadt, Volker; Jones, David T W; Bewerunge-Hudler, Melanie; Becker, Albert; Weis, Joachim; Mawrin, Christian; Mittelbronn, Michel; Perry, Arie; Mautner, Victor-Felix; Mechtersheimer, Gunhild; Hartmann, Christian; Okuducu, Ali Fuat; Arp, Mirko; Seiz-Rosenhagen, Marcel; Hänggi, Daniel; Heim, Stefanie; Paulus, Werner; Schittenhelm, Jens; Ahmadi, Rezvan; Herold-Mende, Christel; Unterberg, Andreas; Pfister, Stefan M; von Deimling, Andreas; Reuss, David E

2016-06-01

The vast majority of peripheral nerve sheath tumors derive from the Schwann cell lineage and comprise diverse histological entities ranging from benign schwannomas and neurofibromas to high-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST), each with several variants. There is increasing evidence for methylation profiling being able to delineate biologically relevant tumor groups even within the same cellular lineage. Therefore, we used DNA methylation arrays for methylome- and chromosomal profile-based characterization of 171 peripheral nerve sheath tumors. We analyzed 28 conventional high-grade MPNST, three malignant Triton tumors, six low-grade MPNST, four epithelioid MPNST, 33 neurofibromas (15 dermal, 8 intraneural, 10 plexiform), six atypical neurofibromas, 43 schwannomas (including 5 NF2 and 5 schwannomatosis associated cases), 11 cellular schwannomas, 10 melanotic schwannomas, 7 neurofibroma/schwannoma hybrid tumors, 10 nerve sheath myxomas and 10 ganglioneuromas. Schwannomas formed different epigenomic subgroups including a vestibular schwannoma subgroup. Cellular schwannomas were not distinct from conventional schwannomas. Nerve sheath myxomas and neurofibroma/schwannoma hybrid tumors were most similar to schwannomas. Dermal, intraneural and plexiform neurofibromas as well as ganglioneuromas all showed distinct methylation profiles. Atypical neurofibromas and low-grade MPNST were indistinguishable with a common methylation profile and frequent losses of CDKN2A. Epigenomic analysis finds two groups of conventional high-grade MPNST sharing a frequent loss of neurofibromin. The larger of the two groups shows an additional loss of trimethylation of histone H3 at lysine 27 (H3K27me3). The smaller one retains H3K27me3 and is found in spinal locations. Sporadic MPNST with retained neurofibromin expression did not form an epigenetic group and most cases could be reclassified as cellular schwannomas or soft tissue sarcomas. Widespread immunohistochemical loss of H3K27me3 was exclusively seen in MPNST of the main methylation cluster, which defines it as an additional useful marker for the differentiation of cellular schwannoma and MPNST.

Laparoscopic Myomectomy for a Plethora of Submucous Myomas.

PubMed

Paul, P G; Paul, George; Radhika, K T; Bulusu, Saumya; Shintre, Hemant

To demonstrate a laparoscopic myomectomy technique for the removal of multiple submucous myomas. A step-by-step demonstration of the surgical procedure (Canadian Task Force classification III-C). In cases of multiple submucous myomas, hysteroscopic resection of myomas might not be a viable option, especially in cases requiring fertility preservation. It may cause significant damage to the endometrial surface, leading to the formation of endometrial synechiae [1]. The procedure is technically challenging and requires prolonged operating time owing to impaired visibility and the need for repeated specimen removal. This can lead to complications, such as fluid overload and, rarely, air embolism [2]. Thus, laparoscopic myomectomy may be a better option in such cases [1]. A 30-year-old nulligravida presented with a 3-year history of heavy menstrual bleeding and dysmenorrhea. She had received no symptom relief with hormonal medications and magnetic resonance-guided focused ultrasound. On examination, she was anemic, and her uterus was enlarged to 16-weeks gravid size. Ultrasonography revealed an intramural fundal myoma of 6 × 4.2 cm and numerous submucous myomas of 1 to 3.2 cm. During hysteroscopy, multiple submucous myomas of varying sizes ranging from type 0 to type 1 were seen. On laparoscopy, an incision was made on the uterine fundus with an ultrasonic device after injecting vasopressin (20 U in 200 mL dilution), and the fundal myoma was enucleated. The incision was then extended to open the endometrial cavity for the removal of the submucous myomas. Most of the myomas were removed with mechanical force, along with the minimal use of ultrasonic energy. A total of 46 myomas were removed, and the myometrium was closed in 2 layers. The duration of the surgery was 210 minutes, and estimated blood loss was 850 mL. The patient did not require blood transfusion, but was advised to take hematinics. At a 6-month follow-up, the patient reported significant improvement in her symptoms. A repeat hysteroscopy revealed moderate synechiae in the midline and 2 small submucous myomas near the internal os. The synechiae were incised with hysteroscopic scissors, and the submucous myomas were resected with a bipolar resectoscope. The patient was advised to attempt conception after 2 months. Laparoscopic myomectomy is an alternative to hysteroscopic resection for multiple submucous myomas. A repeat hysteroscopy is useful for identifying any residual myomas and synechiae. Copyright © 2017 AAGL. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Collision tumor of the facial nerve: a synchronous seventh nerve schwannoma and neurofibroma.

PubMed

Gross, Brian C; Carlson, Matthew L; Driscoll, Colin L; Moore, Eric J

2012-10-01

To report a novel case of a collision tumor involving an intraparotid neurofibroma and a mastoid segment facial nerve schwannoma. Clinical capsule report. Tertiary academic referral center. A 29-year-old woman with a 2-year history of an asymptomatic enlarging left infraauricular mass and normal FN function presented to a tertiary care referral center. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a cystic lesion in the deep portion of the parotid gland extending into the stylomastoid foramen. The patient underwent superficial parotidectomy, and a cystic parotid mass was found to be intrinsic to the intraparotid facial nerve. A portion of the mass was biopsied, and intraoperative frozen section pathology was consistent with a neurofibroma. A mastoidectomy with FN decompression was then performed until a normal-appearing segment was identified just proximal to the second genu. After biopsy, proximal facial nerve stimulation failed to elicit evoked motor potentials, and en bloc resection was performed. Final pathology demonstrated a schwannoma involving the mastoid segment and a neurofibroma involving the proximal intraparotid facial nerve. We report the first case of a facial nerve collision tumor involving an intraparotid neurofibroma and a mastoid segment facial nerve schwannoma. Benign FN sheath tumors of the parotid gland are rare but should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a parotid mass.

Congenital Palatal Fistula Associated with Submucous Cleft Palate

PubMed Central

Eshete, Mekonen; Camison, Liliana; Abate, Fikre; Hailu, Taye; Demissie, Yohannes; Mohammed, Ibrahim; Butali, Azeez; Losken, H. Wolfgang

2016-01-01

Background: Although cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common congenital malformations, the presence of an isolated congenital palatal fistula along with a submucous cleft is very rare. This appears as an oval-shaped, full-thickness fenestration in the palatal midline that does not fully extend anteriorly or posteriorly, accompanied by the findings of a submucous cleft. Because of the uncommon nature of this entity, there is controversy about its etiology, diagnosis, and management. Methods: Two cases of children with congenital palatal fistulae and a submucous cleft palate are presented who were treated in different settings by different surgeons. Cases are discussed along with a thorough review of the available literature. Results: Patient 1 presented at 4 years of age with “a hole in the palate” since birth and abnormal speech. His palatal fistula and submucous cleft were repaired with a modified von Langenbeck technique in Ethiopia. At a 2-year follow-up, the palate remained closed, but hypernasal speech persisted. Patient 2 was a 1-year-old presenting with failure to thrive and nasal regurgitation, who underwent a Furlow palatoplasty in the United States with good immediate results. She was unfortunately lost to follow-up. Conclusions: A congenital fenestration of the palate is rare. Reports reveal suboptimal speech at follow-up, despite various types of repair, especially when combined with a submucous cleft. Available literature suggests that repair should not focus on fistula closure only but instead on providing adequate palate length to provide good velopharyngeal function, as in any cleft palate repair. PMID:27014542

Evaluation of efficacy of aloe vera in the treatment of oral submucous fibrosis - a clinical study.

PubMed

Anuradha, Ardra; Patil, Bharati; Asha, Venkataswamy Reddy

2017-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic disease, treatment of which has largely been symptomatic. Aloe vera has immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, antioxidant, and antineoplastic activities. All such properties of aloe vera suggest the possibility of its use in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Seventy-four patients of oral submucous fibrosis were randomly divided into 2 groups. Group A patients were treated with systemic (juice) and topical aloe vera (gel) for 3 months. Group B patients were treated with intralesional injection of hydrocortisone and hyaluronidase for 6 weeks with antioxidant supplements for 3 months. Patients were assessed for reduction in burning sensation and increase in mouth opening, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion at an interval of 1, 2, and 3 months. Both the groups showed statistically significant improvements in all the study parameters at the end of study period (P < 0.001). The clinical response to aloe vera was comparable to that of intralesional injections of hydrocortisone and hyaluronidase with antioxidant supplementation. The study concludes that aloe vera can be an alternative, safe, and effective treatment regime in the management of oral submucous fibrosis. Long-term follow-up studies with larger sample size are recommended. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma is overrepresented among schwannomatosis and neurofibromatosis patients.

PubMed

Harder, Anja; Wesemann, Martin; Hagel, Christian; Schittenhelm, Jens; Fischer, Susan; Tatagiba, Marcos; Nagel, Christoph; Jeibmann, Astrid; Bohring, Axel; Mautner, Victor-Felix; Paulus, Werner

2012-05-01

We analyzed the histologic features of peripheral nerve sheath tumors occurring in 14 patients with schwannomatosis. Among a total of 31 tumors, 19 tumors (61%) showed schwannoma-like nodules within a neurofibroma-like tumor, corresponding to hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma. At least 1 hybrid tumor occurred in 10 of 14 (71%) schwannomatosis patients. We then retrieved cases of hybrid tumors without documented relation to schwannomatosis from our database and identified 41 tumors arising in 23 patients. More than half of these patients (14/23) were reported to suffer from multiple peripheral nerve sheath tumors, favoring a tumor syndrome. Indeed, analysis of clinical records revealed the diagnosis of neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF2) in 26% (6/23), neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in 9% (2/23), definite schwannomatosis in 4% (1/23), and possible schwannomatosis in 13% (3/23) of patients with multiple nerve sheath tumors. Our findings suggest that hybrid neurofibroma/schwannoma represents a common tumor type in schwannomatosis and shows a striking association with neurofibromatoses.

[A case of polypoid bronchial neurofibroma originating from right B2b successfully treated by bronchoscopic snaring forceps and Nd-YAG laser therapy].

PubMed

Takiguchi, Y; Uchiyama, T; Sato, K; Tatsumi, K; Kimura, H; Nagao, K; Fujisawa, T; Ohwada, H; Hiroshima, K; Kuriyama, T

1993-12-01

A 34-year-old man with persistent cough was admitted to our hospital. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumor with smooth surface which almost completely obstructed the right main bronchus. The tumor was removed by transbronchial snaring forceps and histologically confirmed as neurofibroma. Residual tumor was excised by biopsy forceps and further endoscopic Nd-YAG laser vaporization was performed. This is the first case in our country in which bronchoscopic treatment was performed for bronchial neurofibroma. Bronchoscopic removal might be the preferred treatment in the present case, although long-term follow-up is also required.

Synergistic Interplay between Curcumin and Polyphenol-Rich Foods in the Mediterranean Diet: Therapeutic Prospects for Neurofibromatosis 1 Patients.

PubMed

Esposito, Teresa; Schettino, Carla; Polverino, Paola; Allocca, Salvatore; Adelfi, Laura; D'Amico, Alessandra; Capaldo, Guglielmo; Varriale, Bruno; Di Salle, Anna; Peluso, Gianfranco; Sorrentino, Giuseppe; Lus, Giacomo; Sampaolo, Simone; Di Iorio, Giuseppe; Melone, Mariarosa Anna Beatrice

2017-07-21

Neurofibromas are the hallmark lesions in Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1); these tumors are classified as cutaneous, subcutaneous and plexiform. In contrast to cutaneous and subcutaneous neurofibromas, plexiform neurofibromas can grow quickly and progress to malignancy. Curcumin, a turmeric-derived polyphenol, has been shown to interact with several molecular targets implicated in carcinogenesis. Here, we describe the impact of different dietary patterns, namely Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) compared to the Western diet (WesDiet), both with or without curcumin, on NF1 patients' health. After six months, patients adopting a traditional MedDiet enriched with 1200 mg curcumin per day (MedDietCurcumin) presented a significant reduction in the number and volume of cutaneous neurofibromas; these results were confirmed in subsequent evaluations. Notably, in one patient, a large cranial plexiform neurofibroma exhibited a reduction in volume (28%) confirmed by Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Conversely, neither unenriched MedDiet nor WesDiet enriched with curcumin exhibited any significant positive effect. We hypothesize that the combination of a polyphenol-rich Mediterranean diet and curcumin was responsible for the beneficial effect observed on NF1. This is, to the best of our knowledge, the first experience with curcumin supplementation in NF1 patients. Our report suggests that an integrated nutritional approach may effectively aid in the management of NF1.

Areca nut and its role in oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Prabhu, Rachana V; Prabhu, Vishnudas; Chatra, Laxmikanth; Shenai, Prashant; Suvarna, Nithin; Dandekeri, Savita

2014-12-01

Areca nut, commonly called as betel nut or supari, is a fruit of areca catechu palm tree, which is native of South Asia and Pacific Islands. The seed or endosperm is consumed fresh, boiled or after sun drying or curing. Chewing areca nut is thought to have central nervous system stimulating effect and along with this it is known to have salivary stimulating and digestive properties. According to the traditional Ayurvedic medicine, chewing areca nut and betel leaf is a good remedy against halitosis. It is also used for its deworming property. Along with these beneficial effects of areca nut one of its most harmful effects on the human body in general and oral cavity in particular is the development of potentially malignant disorder called Oral Submucous Fibrosis. The present paper discusses in detail the effects of the components of areca nut on pathogenesis of Oral Submucous Fibrosis. Key words:Areca nut, oral submucous fibrosis, potentially malignant disorder, supari.

Transvaginal postpartum manual removal of a prolapsed submucous leiomyoma, initially diagnosed hybrid predominantly intramural.

PubMed

Elgonaid, Wael; Belkhir, Reem; Boama, Vincent

2017-08-11

We present a rare case of a large infarcted submucous fibroid removed manually after a normal vaginal delivery. This patient was known to have a large postero-fundal hybrid predominantly intramural uterine fibroid, measuring 11 x 10 cm in diameter and diagnosed 2 years prior to last conception. Thirty-five days postpartum, she presented with severe lower abdominal pain and foul smell per vaginum. Abdominal examination revealed a very tender bulky uterus at 24 weeks size, and vaginal examination revealed a big fleshy smelly mass with friable surface just bulging from a dilated cervix. Examination under anaesthesia revealed a very foul smelly large pedunculated submucous fibroid that was felt through a dilated cervix. It was deliverable vaginally, so the submucous leiomyoma was removed manually, a procedure similar to manual removal of placenta. Histopathology examination confirmed an infarcted massive fibroid. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Hysteroscopy and the treatment of uterine fibroids.

PubMed

Emanuel, Mark Hans

2015-10-01

Fibroids or (leio)myomas are benign tumours that very commonly derive from smooth muscle cells of the myometrium. They are the most common indication for a hysterectomy. However, in women desirous of preservation of their uterus or of their fertility, a myomectomy may be a more appropriate form of surgical therapy. The submucous variant is often associated with heavy menstrual bleeding or subfertility. It can be removed with hysteroscopic surgery. Refinements of hysteroscopic surgical techniques have resulted in a better ability to remove submucous myomas. The state of the art of such hysteroscopical techniques and instrumentation to treat submucous myomas and what has been proven is discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Paediatric oral submucous fibrosis - The neglected pre-malignancy of childhood.

PubMed

Chitguppi, Chandala; Brar, Tripti

2017-06-01

Oral submucous fibrosis in children is one of the devastating consequences of arecanut addiction in children. Arecanut is the fourth commonest psychoactive agents used worldwide. However, regrettably, unlike other addictions like tobacco and alcohol, its use in children has become socially acceptable atleast in a few countries. Consequently, children as young as two years have been noticed to be addicted to arecanuts. It has been a menace in most Asian countries and with increasing population migration, this has picked up even in the west. In order to understand the social factors leading to arecanut addiction in children and prognostic outcomes of paediatric oral submucous fibrosis, this review has been undertaken. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Genetically engineered mouse models shed new light on the pathogenesis of neurofibromatosis type I-related neoplasms of the peripheral nervous system.

PubMed

Brossier, Nicole M; Carroll, Steven L

2012-05-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), the most common genetic disorder affecting the human nervous system, is characterized by the development of multiple benign Schwann cell tumors in skin and large peripheral nerves. These neoplasms, which are termed dermal and plexiform neurofibromas respectively, have distinct clinical courses; of particular note, plexiform, but not dermal, neurofibromas often undergo malignant progression to form malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), the most common malignancy occurring in NF1 patients. In recent years, a number of genetically engineered mouse models have been created to investigate the molecular mechanisms driving the pathogenesis of these tumors. These models have been designed to address key questions including: (1) whether NF1 loss in the Schwann cell lineage is essential for tumorigenesis; (2) what cell type(s) in the Schwann cell lineage gives rise to dermal neurofibromas, plexiform neurofibromas and MPNSTs; (3) how the tumor microenvironment contributes to neoplasia; (4) what additional mutations contribute to neurofibroma-MPNST progression; (5) what role different neurofibromin-regulated Ras proteins play in this process and (6) how dysregulated growth factor signaling facilitates PNS tumorigenesis. In this review, we summarize the major findings from each of these models and their limitations as well as how discrepancies between these models may be reconciled. We also discuss how information gleaned from these models can be synthesized to into a comprehensive model of tumor formation in peripheral nervous system and consider several of the major questions that remain unanswered about this process. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Intraparotid Neurofibroma of the Facial Nerve: A Case Report.

PubMed

Nofal, Ahmed-Abdel-Fattah; El-Anwar, Mohammad-Waheed

2016-07-01

Intraparotid neurofibromas of the facial nerve are extremely rare and mostly associated with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). This is a case of a healthy 40-year-old man, which underwent surgery for a preoperatively diagnosed benign parotid gland lesion. After identification of the facial nerve main trunk, a single large mass (6 x 3 cm) incorporating the upper nerve division was observed. The nerve portion involved in the mass could not be dissected and was inevitably sacrificed with immediate neuroraphy of the upper division of the facial nerve with 6/0 prolene. The final histopathology revealed the presence of a neurofibroma. Complete left side facial nerve paralysis was observed immediately postoperatively but the function of the lower half was returned within 4 months and the upper half was returned after 1 year. Currently, after 3 years of follow up, there are no signs of recurrence and normal facial nerve function is observed. Neurofibroma should be considered as the diagnosis in a patient demonstrating a parotid mass. In cases where it is diagnosed intraoperatively, excision of part of the nerve with the mass will be inevitable though it can be successfully repaired by end to end anastomosis.

Breast cancer and neurofibromatosis type 1: a diagnostic challenge in patients with a high number of neurofibromas.

PubMed

Da Silva, André Vallejo; Rodrigues, Fabiana Resende; Pureza, Mônica; Lopes, Vania Gloria Silami; Cunha, Karin Soares

2015-03-26

Neurofibromatosis 1 is one of the most common genetic diseases in humans, presenting with multiple neurofibromas and an increased risk of various benign and malignant tumors, including breast cancer. In this paper we report a case of a woman with neurofibromatosis 1 and the challenge associated with detecting an advanced breast cancer because of numerous skin neurofibromas, which were responsible for a substantial delay in cancer diagnosis. Literature concerning the association of neurofibromatosis 1 and breast cancer is reviewed and discussed. Best practice guidelines for breast cancer detection are not sufficient for the screening of neurofibromatosis 1 carriers. A more intensive clinical and imaging approach should be used if the same early detection rate as in non-neurofibromatosis 1 women is to be achieved.

The topography, architecture and structure of the enteric nervous system in the jejunum and ileum of cattle

PubMed Central

BALEMBA, O. B.; MBASSA, G. K.; SEMUGURUKA, W. D.; ASSEY, R. J.; KAHWA, C. K. B.; HAY-SCHMIDT, A.; DANTZER, V.

1999-01-01

To date, there appear to have been no detailed and clear descriptions of the nerve plexuses and their subdivisions in the intestine of cattle. In this study, the enteric nervous system in the jejunum and ileum of 12 1-y-old calves was examined using neurofilament protein and vasoactive intestinal peptide immunohistochemistry in wholemounts and paraffin sections combined with staining of paraffin and historesin sections with haematoxylin and eosin. The main organisation of the plexuses was similar to that of the pig, horse and man with external and internal submucous plexuses being morphologically distinct, with further subdivisions of the internal submucous plexus into the external and internal subplexuses. However, in contrast to pig, horse and man, the submucous layer was firmly attached to the inner circular muscle layer. The myenteric plexus was well developed with large ganglia, and primary and secondary nerve strands. Its main axis was oriented parallel to the outer longitudinal smooth muscle; large ganglia and primary nerve strands fused to form complex ganglia, and 2 types of tertiary nerve strands were observed. Antibodies to neurofilament proteins and vasoactive intestinal peptide revealed adendritic, pseudouniaxonal or multiaxonal type II neurons only in the myenteric and submucous plexuses. This appears to be the first report of the identification of isolated uniaxonal, multidendritic type IV neurons in the mucous pericryptal plexus. The new information presented here provides further evidence for the existence of anatomical and functional differences between the external and internal submucous plexuses and for supporting the nomenclature proposed earlier. PMID:10473287

Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) in an Animal Model of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors and Plexiform Neurofibromas

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

with an accelerated schedule Convection-Enhanced Delivery ( CED ), Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath ( MPNST ), Plexiform Neurofibromas (PN...the distribution of macromolecules delivered to intraneural PNs and MPNST via CED . Design: Orthotopic xenograft models of sciatic intraneural NF1...determine the efficacy CED of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor erlotinib in animal models of intraneural PNs and MPNST

Comparative Oncogenomics for Peripheral Nerve Sheath Cancer Gene Discovery

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

neurofibromas and MPNSTs, establish gene signatures defining distinct tumor subtypes and functionally test the role of selected driver mutations ...allografted tumor cells, and a variety of in vitro functional assays. We will validate the relevance of these mutated mouse genes in human neurofibromas...and MPNSTs by determining whether these same genes are mutated in human tumors. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Nothing listed 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17

Localized neurofibromatosis of the female genital system: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Gómez-Laencina, Ana M; Martínez Díaz, Francisco; Izquierdo Sanjuanes, Blanca; Vicente Sánchez, Elena M; Fernandez Salmerón, Rosario; Meseguer Peña, Francisco

2012-06-01

Neurofibromatosis within the female genital tract is uncommon. The vulva is the most frequent genital location, but it has rarely been reported in the context of the vagina, uterine cervix or ovaries. In spite of its rarity, neurofibroma is a neoplasm that should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pelvic masses, especially in patients with neurofibromatosis. In this paper we describe the case of a 71-year-old patient with pelvic pain and a uterine mass who underwent a hysterectomy after having been diagnosed with an 11-cm neurofibroma occupying the myometrium of the entire uterine corpus. There were no neurofibromas in the endometrium, serosa, fallopian tubes or ovaries. The patient had an unknown von Recklinghausen's disease. © 2012 The Authors. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research © 2012 Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. XII: Schwann cell tumors (neurilemoma, neurofibroma, malignant schwannoma).

PubMed

Perzin, K H; Panyu, H; Wechter, S

1982-11-15

Twelve Schwann cell tumors (two neurilemomas, six neurofibromas, and four malignant schwannomas), arising in the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses or nasopharynx, are described. Schwann cell neoplasms only rarely develop in this area. Clinically, these tumors lead to nonspecific symptoms including nasal obstruction epistaxis, facial pain and swellling, and proptosis, similar to those produced by other neoplasms that involve this area. On radiologic examination, a mass lesion may be identified. Benign Schwann cell tumors may lead to bone erosion, which thus is not necessarily a sign of malignancy. The correct diagnosis of Schwann cell tumor is usually made only when histologic sections are studied. The histologic differentiation between Schwann cell neoplasms and myxomas, fibroblastic tumors, fibrous histiocytomas and fibro-osseous lesions is discussed. Treatment depends upon the type of tumor. Neurilemomas, which usually are encapsulated neoplasms, can be treated by local excision. Neurofibromas may infiltrate extensively, and thus may require an extensive surgical resection; however, functional and cosmetic considerations should be taken into account because neurofibromas, even if incompletely excised, may recur clinically only after many years. Malignant schwannomas tend to be aggressive neoplasms, but because of the anatomy of the area, radical resections leading to complete removal of the tumor cannot always be carried out.

The effect of age at surgery and compensatory articulation on speech outcome in submucous cleft palate patients treated with double-opposing Z-plasty: A 10-year experience.

PubMed

Baek, Rong-Min; Kim, Baek-Kyu; Jeong, Jae Hoon; Ahn, Taeseon; Park, Mikyong; Han, Jihyeon

2017-05-01

Submucous cleft palate is a congenital deformity that may present as velopharyngeal insufficiency. The degree of anatomical abnormality varies widely among patients and does not predict severity of symptom. We present our 10-year experience treating submucous cleft palate patients with double opposing z-plasty and explore the effect of age at surgery and compensatory articulation on speech. Preoperative assessment included intraoral examination, nasoendoscopy, and perceptual speech evaluation. Age, gap size, and severity of hypernasality were assessed to determine the timing and type of surgery. A retrospective study of 74 submucous cleft palate patients undergoing double-opposing z-plasty from 2005 to 2016 by a single surgeon (Baek RM) was conducted. Double opposing z-plasty was modified to fully release all abnormal insertions of the levator veli palatini muscle. Postoperative velopharyngeal function was measured and statistical analyses were performed. The ages of patients at surgery ranged from 11 months to 19 years. Postoperatively 87 percent of the patients achieved velopharyngeal competency and 13 percent had remaining mild hypernasality. Age was a significant factor in predicting speech outcome, and patients receiving surgery prior to the age of 5.5 years had a higher normalization rate. Compensatory articulation did not have an impact on postoperative hypernasality. There were no cases of postoperative hyponasality or airway problems. Satisfactory speech outcome was achieved with the authors' protocol and modification of the double-opposing z-plasty. A comprehensive assessment of patient age, intraoral findings, severity of hypernasality, and gap size, is necessary for proper treatment of submucous cleft palate patients. Copyright © 2017 British Association of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Reduced Responses of Submucous Neurons from Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients to a Cocktail Containing Histamine, Serotonin, TNFα, and Tryptase (IBS-Cocktail)

PubMed Central

Ostertag, Daniela; Buhner, Sabine; Michel, Klaus; Pehl, Christian; Kurjak, Manfred; Götzberger, Manuela; Schulte-Frohlinde, Ewert; Frieling, Thomas; Enck, Paul; Phillip, Josef; Schemann, Michael

2015-01-01

Background and Aims: Malfunctions of enteric neurons are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate whether neuronal activity in biopsies from IBS patients is altered in comparison to healthy controls (HC). Methods: Activity of human submucous neurons in response to electrical nerve stimulation and local application of nicotine or a mixture of histamine, serotonin, tryptase, and TNF-α (IBS-cocktail) was recorded in biopsies from 17 HC and 35 IBS patients with the calcium-sensitive-dye Fluo-4 AM. The concentrations of the mediators resembeled those found in biopsy supernatants or blood. Neuronal activity in guinea-pig submucous neurons was studied with the voltage-sensitive-dye di-8-ANEPPS. Results: Activity in submucous ganglia in response to nicotine or electrical nerve stimulation was not different between HC and IBS patients (P = 0.097 or P = 0.448). However, the neuronal response after application of the IBS-cocktail was significantly decreased (P = 0.039) independent of whether diarrhea (n = 12), constipation (n = 5) or bloating (n = 5) was the predominant symptom. In agreement with this we found that responses of submucous ganglia conditioned by overnight incubation with IBS mucosal biopsy supernatant to spritz application of this supernatant was significantly reduced (P = 0.019) when compared to incubation with HC supernatant. Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time reduced neuronal responses in mucosal IBS biopsies to an IBS mediator cocktail. While excitability to classical stimuli of enteric neurons was comparable to HC, the activation by the IBS-cocktail was decreased. This was very likely due to desensitization to mediators constantly released by mucosal and immune cells in the gut wall of IBS patients. PMID:26733780

Reduced Responses of Submucous Neurons from Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients to a Cocktail Containing Histamine, Serotonin, TNFα, and Tryptase (IBS-Cocktail).

PubMed

Ostertag, Daniela; Buhner, Sabine; Michel, Klaus; Pehl, Christian; Kurjak, Manfred; Götzberger, Manuela; Schulte-Frohlinde, Ewert; Frieling, Thomas; Enck, Paul; Phillip, Josef; Schemann, Michael

2015-01-01

Malfunctions of enteric neurons are believed to play an important role in the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Our aim was to investigate whether neuronal activity in biopsies from IBS patients is altered in comparison to healthy controls (HC). Activity of human submucous neurons in response to electrical nerve stimulation and local application of nicotine or a mixture of histamine, serotonin, tryptase, and TNF-α (IBS-cocktail) was recorded in biopsies from 17 HC and 35 IBS patients with the calcium-sensitive-dye Fluo-4 AM. The concentrations of the mediators resembeled those found in biopsy supernatants or blood. Neuronal activity in guinea-pig submucous neurons was studied with the voltage-sensitive-dye di-8-ANEPPS. Activity in submucous ganglia in response to nicotine or electrical nerve stimulation was not different between HC and IBS patients (P = 0.097 or P = 0.448). However, the neuronal response after application of the IBS-cocktail was significantly decreased (P = 0.039) independent of whether diarrhea (n = 12), constipation (n = 5) or bloating (n = 5) was the predominant symptom. In agreement with this we found that responses of submucous ganglia conditioned by overnight incubation with IBS mucosal biopsy supernatant to spritz application of this supernatant was significantly reduced (P = 0.019) when compared to incubation with HC supernatant. We demonstrated for the first time reduced neuronal responses in mucosal IBS biopsies to an IBS mediator cocktail. While excitability to classical stimuli of enteric neurons was comparable to HC, the activation by the IBS-cocktail was decreased. This was very likely due to desensitization to mediators constantly released by mucosal and immune cells in the gut wall of IBS patients.

Diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of pre- and post-treated oral submucous fibrosis: an in vivo study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivabalan, S.; Ponranjini Vedeswari, C.; Jayachandran, S.; Koteeswaran, D.; Pravda, C.; Aruna, P.; Ganesan, S.

2010-02-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a high risk precancerous condition characterized by changes in the connective tissue fibers of the lamina propria and deeper parts leading to stiffness of the mucosa and restricted mouth opening, fibrosis of the lining mucosa of the upper digestive tract involving the oral cavity, oro- and hypo-pharynx and the upper two-thirds of the oesophagus. Optical reflectance measurements have been used to extract diagnostic information from a variety of tissue types, in vivo. We apply diffuse reflectance spectroscopy to quantitatively monitor tumour response to chemotherapy. Twenty patients with submucous fibrosis were diagnosed with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and treated with the chemotherapy drug, Dexamethasone sodium phosphate and Hyaluronidase injection for seven weeks and after the treatment they were again subjected to the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy. The major observed spectral alterations on pre and post treated submucous fibrosis is an increase in the diffuse reflectance from 450 to 600 nm. Normal mucosa has showed higher reflectance when compared to the pre and post-treated cases. The spectral changes were quantified and correlated to conventional diagnostic results viz., maximum mouth opening, tongue protrusion and burning sensation. The results of this study suggest that the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy may also be considered as complementary optical techniques to monitor oral tissue transformation.

The aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis: the stimulation of collagen synthesis by extracts of areca nut.

PubMed

Canniff, J P; Harvey, W

1981-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis is a chronic disabling disease developing in up to 0.5% of the estimated 500 million habitual chewers of the "betel" quid. The quid, or chew, usually comprises a leaf of the Piper betel vine in which is wrapped fragments of the nut of Areca catechu, together with slaked lime and varied additives, including tobacco. The precise aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) remains obscure, but epidemiological and animal studies have pointed to a close association with the prolonged usage of A. catechu nuts. Epithelial atypia and epidermoid carcinoma have been reported in 15% and 7%, respectively, of patients with established OSF. Preparations from varieties of A. catechu nuts have been tested for their ability to stimulate collagen synthesis in microwell cultures of human fibroblasts, using a pulse of 3H-proline and subsequent analysis of the cultures for radioactive collagen. Crude extracts of three varieties of areca nuts were extracted with ethanol and lyophilised before dilution in the culture medium. Control media contained identical concentrations of ethanol where appropriate. The three extracts at a concentration of 10 micrograms/ml stimulated collagen synthesis by approximately 150%, suggesting that this effect might be involved in the aetiology of oral submucous fibrosis.

Coexistence of neurofibroma and meningioma at exactly the same level of the cervical spine.

PubMed

Chen, Kai-Yuan; Wu, Jau-Ching; Lin, Shih-Cheih; Huang, Wen-Cheng; Cheng, Henrich

2014-11-01

We report a case of the coexistence of different spinal tumors at the same level of the cervical spine, without neurofibromatosis (NF), which was successfully treated with surgery. A 72-year-old female presented with right upper-limb clumsiness and weakness. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradural, extramedullary tumor mass at the right C3-4 level with extradural extension into the intervertebral foramen. The extradural tumor was removed, and the pathology showed neurofibroma. After incision of the dura, the intradural tumor was removed, and was identified as meningioma in the pathological report. The patient did not meet the criteria of NF. Coexistence of neurofibroma and meningioma at exactly the same level of the spine without NF is extremely rare. Exploration of the intradural space may be necessary after resection of an extradural tumor if the surgical finding does not correlate well with the preoperative images. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Taiwan.

Cephalometric study of facial growth in children after combined pushback and pharyngeal flap operations.

PubMed

Pearl, R M; Kaplan, E N

1976-04-01

Linear and angular cephalometric measurements of children who had had combined palatal pushbacks and superiorly-based pharyngeal flaps do not show later growth retardation of the face. There was an inherent tendency for children with overt clefts of the secondary palate, classic submucous clefts, or occult submucous clefts to demonstrate pre-operatively a narrow SNA and SNB--but the difference between these angles (ANB) was normal.

[Velopharyngeal closure pattern and speech performance among submucous cleft palate patients].

PubMed

Heng, Yin; Chunli, Guo; Bing, Shi; Yang, Li; Jingtao, Li

2017-06-01

To characterize the velopharyngeal closure patterns and speech performance among submucous cleft palate patients. Patients with submucous cleft palate visiting the Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University between 2008 and 2016 were reviewed. Outcomes of subjective speech evaluation including velopharyngeal function, consonant articulation, and objective nasopharyngeal endoscopy including the mobility of soft palate, pharyngeal walls were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 353 cases were retrieved in this study, among which 138 (39.09%) demonstrated velopharyngeal competence, 176 (49.86%) velopharyngeal incompetence, and 39 (11.05%) marginal velopharyngeal incompetence. A total of 268 cases were subjected to nasopharyngeal endoscopy examination, where 167 (62.31%) demonstrated circular closure pattern, 89 (33.21%) coronal pattern, and 12 (4.48%) sagittal pattern. Passavant's ridge existed in 45.51% (76/167) patients with circular closure and 13.48% (12/89) patients with coronal closure. Among the 353 patients included in this study, 137 (38.81%) presented normal articulation, 124 (35.13%) consonant elimination, 51 (14.45%) compensatory articulation, 36 (10.20%) consonant weakening, 25 (7.08%) consonant replacement, and 36 (10.20%) multiple articulation errors. Circular closure was the most prevalent velopharyngeal closure pattern among patients with submucous cleft palate, and high-pressure consonant deletion was the most common articulation abnormality. Articulation error occurred more frequently among patients with a low velopharyngeal closure rate.

Treatment of velopharyngeal inadequacy in a patient with submucous cleft palate and myasthenia gravis.

PubMed

Rikihisa, Naoaki; Udagawa, Akikazu; Yoshimoto, Shinya; Ichinose, Masaharu; Kimura, Tomoe; Shimizu, Sara

2009-09-01

To describe the clinical course and management of a patient with submucous cleft palate who developed myasthenia gravis (MG) as an adult and suffered recurrent hypernasality. Few reports have described MG patients undergoing pharyngeal flap surgery for velopharyngeal incompetence, and these have described only slight speech improvement in such patients. Case report. The patient underwent primary pushback palatoplasty and superiorly based pharyngeal flap surgery for submucous cleft and short palate at age 7. Hypernasality showed major improvement after initial surgery. At age 19, the patient developed MG that triggered the recurrence of velopharyngeal incompetence. After MG was treated, revision pushback palatoplasty was performed for velopharyngeal incompetence when the patient was 24 years old. Preoperatively and postoperatively, the patient was evaluated by the same speech-language-hearing therapists, each with at least 5 years of clinical experience in cleft palate speech. After the second pushback palatoplasty, hypernasality and audible nasal air emission during speech decreased to mild. Primary pushback palatoplasty and pharyngeal flap surgery were performed for the submucous cleft palate. Revision pushback palatoplasty improved velopharyngeal inadequacy induced by MG. Decreased perceived nasality positively influenced the patient's quality of life. Combined pushback palatoplasty and pharyngeal flap surgery is thus an option in surgical treatment for velopharyngeal inadequacy to close the cleft and the velopharyngeal orifice in cases of cleft palate and MG.

Characterization of Neurofibromas of the Skin and Spinal Roots in a Mouse Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

Overall mortality was low (Figure 5B). We never detected any MPNSTs or neurofibromas in these mice, though we did observe some hematopoietic neoplasms ...observed a significant frequency of hematopoietic neoplasms among Nf1+/Ink4a/ Arf/, Nf1+/Ink4a/Arf+/, and Nf1+/+Ink4a/Arf/ mice (Fig- ure 5E...These included mainly lymphomas and histiocytic neo- plasms, but we observed some acute myeloid leukemias as well as some mice with myeloproliferative

Characterization of Neurofibromas of the Skin and Spinal Roots in a Mouse Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

was low (Figure 5B). We never detected any MPNSTs or neurofibromas in these mice, though we did observe some hematopoietic neoplasms , particularly...significant frequency of hematopoietic neoplasms among Nf1+/Ink4a/ Arf/, Nf1+/Ink4a/Arf+/, and Nf1+/+Ink4a/Arf/ mice (Fig- ure 5E). These included...mainly lymphomas and histiocytic neo- plasms, but we observed some acute myeloid leukemias as well as some mice with myeloproliferative disease. NCSCs Did

Incidence of bifid uvula and its relationship to submucous cleft palate and a family history of oral cleft in the Brazilian population.

PubMed

Sales, Sizina Aguiar G; Santos, Maria Luiza; Machado, Renato Assis; Dias, Verônica Oliveira; Nascimento, Jairo Evangelista; Swerts, Mario Sérgio Oliveira; Júnior, Hercílio Martelli; Martelli, Daniella Reis Barbosa

2017-08-24

Bifid uvula is a frequently observed anomaly in the general population and can be regarded as a marker for submucous cleft palate. In this study aimed to determine the frequency of bifid uvula and submucous cleft palate and their relationship with oral clefts in a Brazilian population. We conducted a transversal, descriptive and quantitative study of 1206 children between August 2014 and December 2015. A clinical examination of the children was conducted by means of inspection of the oral cavity with the aid of a tongue depressor and directed light. After the clinical examination in children, parents answered a questionnaire with questions about basic demographic information and their family history of oral clefts in their first-degree relatives. After application of the questionnaires, the information collected was archived in a database and analyzed by the statistical program SPSS ® version 19.0, by applying Chi-Square tests. Values with p<0.05 were considered statistically significant. Of the 1206 children included in this study, 608 (50.40%) were female and 598 (49.60%) were male (p=0.773). The average age of children was 3.75 years (standard deviation±3.78 years). Of the 1206 children studied, 6 (0.5%) presented with bifid uvula. Submucosal cleft palate was not found in any child. When the family histories of children were examined for the presence of nonsyndromic cleft lip and/or cleft palate, no first degree relatives presented with the congenital anomaly. This study revealed that the incidence of bifid uvula and submucous cleft palate in this population was quite similar to previously reported incidence rates. Our study suggests an intensification of new reviews, with broader and diverse populations, seeking to associate the occurrence of bifid uvula, submucous cleft palate and oral clefts. Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

An Update on Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Not Just Café-au-Lait Spots and Freckling. Part II. Other Skin Manifestations Characteristic of NF1. NF1 and Cancer.

PubMed

Hernández-Martín, A; Duat-Rodríguez, A

2016-01-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome and probably the one best known to dermatologists. Although the genetic locus of NF1 was identified on chromosome 17 in 1987, diagnosis of the disease is still based primarily on clinical observations. The 7 diagnostic criteria of the National Institutes of Health, which were established in 1988, include 3 skin manifestations (café-au-lait spots, freckling on flexural areas, and cutaneous neurofibromas). The age at which these diagnostic lesions appear is variable: onset can be late in some patients while others never develop certain symptoms. Definitive diagnosis may therefore be delayed by years. Although the appearance of the characteristic café-au-lait spots and freckling in the early years of childhood are very suggestive of the disease, these signs are not pathognomonic and, in isolation, do not constitute sufficient evidence to establish a definitive diagnosis. Thus, other diagnoses should be considered in patients whose only symptoms are café-au-lait spots and freckling. By contrast, the presence of multiple cutaneous neurofibromas or at least 1 plexiform neurofibroma is a very specific indication of NF1. Identification of the different types of neurofibroma allows us to confirm the diagnosis and initiate appropriate management. Copyright © 2016 AEDV. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Dissecting Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) in Neurofibromatosis Type 1-Associated Neurofibromas: Importance of Copy Neutral LOH

PubMed Central

Garcia-Linares, Carles; Fernández-Rodríguez, Juana; Terribas, Ernest; Mercadé, Jaume; Pros, Eva; Benito, Llúcia; Benavente, Yolanda; Capellà, Gabriel; Ravella, Anna; Blanco, Ignacio; Kehrer-Sawatzki, Hildegard; Lázaro, Conxi; Serra, Eduard

2011-01-01

Dermal neurofibromas (dNFs) are benign tumors of the peripheral nervous system typically associated with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients. Genes controlling the integrity of the DNA are likely to influence the number of neurofibromas developed because dNFs are caused by somatic mutational inactivation of the NF1 gene, frequently evidenced by loss of heterozygosity (LOH). We performed a comprehensive analysis of the prevalence and mechanisms of LOH in dNFs. Our study included 518 dNFs from 113 patients. LOH was detected in 25% of the dNFs (N = 129). The most frequent mechanism causing LOH was mitotic recombination, which was observed in 62% of LOH-tumors (N = 80), and which does not reduce the number of NF1 gene copies. All events were generated by a single crossover located between the centromere and the NF1 gene, resulting in isodisomy of 17q. LOH due to the loss of the NF1 gene accounted for a 38% of dNFs with LOH (N = 49), with deletions ranging in size from ∼80 kb to ∼8 Mb within 17q. In one tumor we identified the first example of a neurofibroma-associated second-hit type-2 NF1 deletion. Analysis of the prevalence of mechanisms causing LOH in dNFs in individual patients (possibly under genetic control) will elucidate whether there exist interindividual variation. Hum Mutat 32:78–90, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. PMID:21031597

Hemidiaphragmatic palsy following excision of cervical dumbbell neurofibroma in a patient with neurofibromatosis: Importance of assessing functional status of "non-limb" roots.

PubMed

Krishnan, Prasad; Kartikueyan, Rajaraman; Kumar, Soumen K

2016-01-01

A 27-year-old male patient with neurofibromatosis type 1 who was operated on for a dumbbell neurofibroma of the cervical spine developed transient respiratory difficulty due to postoperative unilateral diaphragmatic palsy. This report emphasizes the need for preoperative assessment of residual function in involved non-limb roots, the role of intraoperative monitoring to take a decision on root sacrifice, and the need for optimizing respiratory function preoperatively, and describes a complication rarely reported in literature.

The natural history of spinal neurofibromatosis: a critical review of clinical and genetic features.

PubMed

Ruggieri, M; Polizzi, A; Spalice, A; Salpietro, V; Caltabiano, R; D'Orazi, V; Pavone, P; Pirrone, C; Magro, G; Platania, N; Cavallaro, S; Muglia, M; Nicita, F

2015-05-01

Spinal neurofibromatosis (SNF) is a related form of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), characterized by bilateral neurofibromas (histologically proven) of all spinal roots (and, eventually, of all the major peripheral nerve branches) with or without other manifestations of classical NF1. By rigorous application of these criteria to the 98 SNF cases published, we developed: (i) a cohort of 49 SNF patients (21 males and 28 females; aged 4-74 years]: 9 SNF families (21/49), 1 mixed SNF/NF1 family (1/49) and 27 of 49 sporadic SNF patients (including 5 unpublished patients in this report); and (ii) a group of 49 non-SNF patients including: (a) 32 patients with neurofibromas of multiple but not all spinal roots (MNFSR): 4 mixed SNF/MNFSR families (6/32); (b) 14 patients with NF1 manifestations without spinal neurofibromas, belonging to SNF (8/49) or MNFSR families (6/32); (c) 3 patients with neurofibromas in one spinal root. In addition to reduced incidence of café-au-lait spots (67% in SNF vs 56% in MNFSR), other NF1 manifestations were less frequent in either cohort. Molecular testing showed common NF1 gene abnormalities in both groups. The risk of developing SNF vs NF1 was increased for missense mutations [p = 0.0001; odds ratio (OR) = 6.16; confidence interval (CI) = 3.14-13.11], which were more frequent in SNF vs MNFSR (p = 0.0271). © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Gene signature associated with benign neurofibroma transformation to malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors

PubMed Central

Sorzano, Carlos O. S.; Pascual-Montano, Alberto; Carazo, Jose M.

2017-01-01

Benign neurofibromas, the main phenotypic manifestations of the rare neurological disorder neurofibromatosis type 1, degenerate to malignant tumors associated to poor prognosis in about 10% of patients. Despite efforts in the field of (epi)genomics, the lack of prognostic biomarkers with which to predict disease evolution frustrates the adoption of appropriate early therapeutic measures. To identify potential biomarkers of malignant neurofibroma transformation, we integrated four human experimental studies and one for mouse, using a gene score-based meta-analysis method, from which we obtained a score-ranked signature of 579 genes. Genes with the highest absolute scores were classified as promising disease biomarkers. By grouping genes with similar neurofibromatosis-related profiles, we derived panels of potential biomarkers. The addition of promoter methylation data to gene profiles indicated a panel of genes probably silenced by hypermethylation. To identify possible therapeutic treatments, we used the gene signature to query drug expression databases. Trichostatin A and other histone deacetylase inhibitors, as well as cantharidin and tamoxifen, were retrieved as putative therapeutic means to reverse the aberrant regulation that drives to malignant cell proliferation and metastasis. This in silico prediction corroborated reported experimental results that suggested the inclusion of these compounds in clinical trials. This experimental validation supported the suitability of the meta-analysis method used to integrate several sources of public genomic information, and the reliability of the gene signature associated to the malignant evolution of neurofibromas to generate working hypotheses for prognostic and drug-responsive biomarkers or therapeutic measures, thus showing the potential of this in silico approach for biomarker discovery. PMID:28542306

NF1 truncating mutations associated to aggressive clinical phenotype with elephantiasis neuromatosa and solid malignancies.

PubMed

Ponti, Giovanni; Martorana, Davide; Pellacani, Giovanni; Ruini, Cristel; Loschi, Pietro; Baccarani, Alessio; De Santis, Giorgio; Pollio, Annamaria; Neri, Tauro Maria; Mandel, Victor Desmond; Maiorana, Antonio; Maccio, Livia; Maccaferri, Monia; Tomasi, Aldo

2014-06-01

Von Recklinghausen disease is a syndrome characterized by a wide phenotypic variability giving rise to both, cutaneous and visceral benign and malignant neoplasms. The first include cutaneous neurofibromas, subcutaneous and plexiform neurofibromas. The latter can undergo malignant transformation and/or determine elephantiasis neuromatosa. Visceral tumors may include malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, cerebral gliomas and abdominal neurofibromas. In the present study, the authors discuss the clinical and biomolecular characterization of a cohort of 20 families with a diagnosis of type 1 neurofibromatosis. Clinically, the cohort includes three probands with elephantiasis neuromatosa and a peculiarly high incidence of breast and gastrointestinal cancer. Among the 14 NF1 mutations documented, 10 encoding for a truncated protein have been associated to particularly aggressive clinical phenotypes including elephantiasis neuromatosa, malignant peripheral nerve sheet tumors, breast cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumors. This effect on protein synthesis, rather than the type of NF1 mutation, is the key to the explanation of the genotype-phenotype correlations in the context of neurofibromatosis type 1. Copyright© 2014 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

Epithelio-mesenchymal transitional attributes in oral sub-mucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Das, Raunak Kumar; Anura, Anji; Pal, Mousumi; Bag, Swarnendu; Majumdar, Subhadipa; Barui, Ananya; Chakraborty, Chandan; Ray, Ajoy Kumar; Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Paul, Ranjan Rashmi; Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy

2013-12-01

Evaluating molecular attributes in association with its epithelial and sub-epithelial changes of oral sub-mucous fibrosis is meaningful in exploring the plausibility of an epithelio-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and malignant potentiality of this pathosis. In this study histopathological and histochemical attributes for basement membrane and connective tissue in biopsies of oral sub-mucous fibrosis (n = 55) and normal oral mucosa (n = 16) were assessed and expressions of p63, E-cadherin, β-catenin, N-cadherin and TWIST were analyzed immunohistochemically. The p63 and its isoforms (TA and ∆N), PARD3, E-cadherin and β-catenin were also assessed transcriptomically by q-PCR and EMT players like TWIST1, ZEB1, MMP9 and micro-RNA 205 were searched in gene expression microarrays. Oral epithelium demonstrating impairment in progressive maturation in oral sub-mucous fibrosis concomitantly experienced an increase in basement membrane thickness and collagen deposition along with alteration in target molecular expressions. In comparison to non-dysplastic conditions dysplastic stages exhibited significant increase in p63 and p63∆N expressions whereas, E-cadherin and β-catenin exhibited loss from the membrane with concurrent increase in cytoplasm. Further the N-cadherin and TWIST were gained remarkably along with the appearance of nuclear accumulation features of β-catenin. The microarray search had noticed the up-regulation of TWIST1, ZEB1 and MMP9 along with down regulation of micro-RNA 205. The simultaneous increase in basement membrane thickness and sub-epithelial collagen deposition were the plausible indicators for increased matrix stiffness with expected impact on oral epithelial functional homoeostasis. This was corroborated with the increase in expressions of epithelial master regulator p63 and its oncogenic isoform (∆N) along with membranous loss of E-cadherin (EMT hallmark) and its associate β-catein and gain of mesenchymal markers like N-cadherin and TWIST. These also became indicative for the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transitional mechanism in oral sub-mucous fibrosis when connoted here with the relevant modulation in expressions of EMT regulators. © 2013.

Constitutively active mutation of ACVR1 in oral epithelium causes submucous cleft palate in mice.

PubMed

Noda, Kazuo; Mishina, Yuji; Komatsu, Yoshihiro

2016-07-15

Cleft palate is among the most common human birth defects. Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a subgroup of cleft palate, which may be as common as overt cleft palate. Despite the high frequency of SMCP in humans, only recently have several animal models of SMCP begun to provide insight into the mechanisms by which SMCP develops. In this study, we show that enhanced BMP signaling through constitutively active ACVR1 in palatal epithelium causes submucous cleft palate in mice. In these mutant mice, the fusion of both palatal mesenchyme in hard palate, and muscles in soft palate were hampered by epithelial tissue. During palatal fusion, enhanced SMAD-dependent BMP signaling impaired cell death and altered cell proliferation rate in medial edge epithelium (MEE), and resulted in MEE persistence. At the molecular level, downregulation of ΔNp63, which is crucial for normal palatal fusion, in MEE cells was impaired, leading to a reduction in caspase-3 activation. Our study provides a new insight into the etiology of SMCP caused by augmented BMP signaling. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Oral submucous fibrosis: An update on pathophysiology of malignant transformation.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Patil, Shekar Gowda; Aljabab, Abdulsalam S; Lin, Kuan-Chou; Merkx, M A W; Gao, Shan; Brennan, Peter A

2017-07-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant condition associated with areca nut chewing. Formerly confined to the Indian subcontinent, it is now often seen in Asian populations of the United Kingdom, USA and other developed countries, and is therefore a serious problem for global health. What makes it more sinister is the malignant transformation rate, which has been reported to be around 7.6% over a 17-year period. In this concise article, we review the current trends in the pathophysiology of malignant transformation of OSMF. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Partial unilateral lentiginosis is mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 or not?

PubMed

Yaşar, Şirin; Ersanli, Ayşegül; Göktay, Fatih; Aytekin, Sema; Cebeci, Dua; Güneş, Pembegül

2017-01-01

Partial unilateral lentiginosis (PUL) is a rare pigmentation disorder characterized by numerous lentigines with sharp margins in the midline in one or more dermatomes. Its segmental pattern suggests that this presentation accompanied by café-au-lait spots, Lisch nodule or neurofibromas has a close relationship with mosaic neurofibromatosis type 1 or segmental neurofibromatosis (NF) in particular. In a group of 16 patients with PUL, who presented at the dermatology outpatient clinic between 1998 and 2015, an examination was made of consanguineous marriage in the family history, the presence of a similar lesion or NF in first-degree relatives, neurofibroma in the physical examination, the involvement pattern, axillary/inguinal freckling and the presence and number of café-au-lait spots. The ophthalmological examination investigated Lisch nodule and optic glioma. The skeletal system was examined for NF involvement. Of 16 patients, 13 (81.2%) were female and three (18.8%) were male with a mean age of 31.19 years (range, 15-48). There was no family history of PUL in any case. Consanguineous marriage was absent in 15 patients (93.8%). While there were accompanying café-au-lait spots in three patients (18.8%). Lisch nodule was an accompanying finding in three patients (18.8%). Axillary freckling was detected in four (25%) patients. Neurofibroma was found in only one patient. Although café-au-lait spots, axillary freckling, neurofibroma and Lisch nodule were present in a small number of the patients, the presence of the findings may be considered to be specific to NF suggests that PUL is a variant of mosaic NF-1. Genetic studies will help to further elucidate this subject. © 2016 Japanese Dermatological Association.

Aberrant ATRX protein expression is associated with poor overall survival in NF1-MPNST

PubMed Central

Lu, Hsiang-Chih; Eulo, Vanessa; Apicelli, Anthony J.; Pekmezci, Melike; Tao, Yu; Luo, Jingqin; Hirbe, Angela C.; Dahiya, Sonika

2018-01-01

Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) are aggressive soft tissue sarcomas that can occur sporadically or in the setting of the Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) cancer predisposition syndrome. These tumors carry a dismal overall survival. Previous work in our lab had identified ATRX chromatin remodeler (ATRX), previously termed, Alpha Thalassemia/Mental Retardation Syndrome X Linked as a gene mutated in a subset of MPNSTs. Given the great need for novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for MPNSTs, we sought to determine the expression of ATRX in a larger subset of sporadic and NF1 associated MPNSTs (NF1-MPNSTs). We performed immunohistochemistry (IHC) on 74 MPNSTs (43 NF1-associated and 31 sporadic), 21 plexiform neurofibromas, and 9 atypical neurofibromas. Using this approach, we have demonstrated that 58% (43/74) of MPNSTs have aberrant ATRX expression (<80% nuclear expression) compared to only 7% (2/30) of benign (plexiform and atypical) neurofibromas. Second, we demonstrated that 65% (28/43) of NF1-MPNSTs displayed aberrant ATRX expression as did 48% (15/31) of sporadic MPNSTs. Finally, we show that aberrant ATRX expression was associated with a significantly decreased overall survival for patients with NF1-MPNST (median OS of 17.9 months for aberrant expression and median OS not met (>120 months) for intact expression, p = 0.0276). In summary, we demonstrate that ATRX is aberrantly expressed in the majority of NF1-MPNSTs, but not plexiform or atypical neurofibromas. Additionally, aberrant ATRX expression is associated with decreased overall survival in NF1-MPNST, but not sporadic MPNST and may serve as a prognostic marker for patients with NF1-MPNST. PMID:29796169

Spirulina and Pentoxyfilline – A Novel Approach for Treatment of Oral Submucous Fibrosis

PubMed Central

Mulk, Bhavana Sujana; Deshpande, Prasannasrinivas; Velpula, Nagalakshmi; Chappidi, Vani; Chintamaneni, Raja Lakshmi; Goyal, Stuti

2013-01-01

Background: Oral submucous fibrosis is a habit associated insidious precancerous condition of the oral cavity commonly found in Asian countries. Many treatment modalities have been attempted in treating the condition apart from steroids which have been the main stay. Hence the present study was designed to assess the efficacy of spirulina and pentoxyfilline and also to compare them in oral submucous fibrosis. Material and Methods: Fourty Patients with clinico-histological diagnosis of oral sub mucous fibrosis were selected and divided into two groups with 20 in each group by simple randomization method. Group I received Pentoxyfilline and Group II Spirulina for period of 3 months. The efficacy was assessed by parameters like mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion using vernier caliper, visual analog scale and a metric scale respectively along with the side effects. Results: Student’s t-test was applied to obtain the results. Both Pentoxyfilline and Spirulina groups showed statistically significant results (p=0.000) in all the three parameters namely mouth opening, burning sensation and tongue protrusion. On comparing both the drugs statistically insignificant results were obtained for mouth opening (p=0.35) and tongue protrusion (p=0.25) but statistically significant difference was seen in subjective parameter i.e burning sensation (p=0.04). Side effects like bloating of stomach, nausea and gastritis were noted in the pentoxyfilline group in contrast to Spirulina group. Conclusion: Newer drugs Pentoxyfilline and Spirulina showed promising results in treatment of Oral sub mucous fibrosis. Spirulina was used for the first time for treatment of Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and it proved to be superior than pentoxyfilline as no side effects were observed. Also it was superior in reducing burning sensation and hence can be advised in OSMF patients suffering from severe subjective symptoms. PMID:24551724

Somatostatinoma: collision with neurofibroma and ultrastructural features.

PubMed

Varikatt, W; Yong, J L C; Killingsworth, M C

2006-11-01

The clinical presentation, histopathology and immunoelectron microscopic features of two cases of duodenal somatostatinoma are described, one of which is a hitherto unreported example of a collision tumour with a neurofibroma. Ultrastructural morphometric immunoelectron microscopy studies revealed the presence of four types of cells in both tumours, but there was no difference in the proportions of these cells between the collision tumour and the non-collision tumour. Neurosecretory granules ranging in size from 255-815 nm were generally larger than those previously reported for somatostatinomas and somatostatin was identified in granules of all sizes across this range. Neither tumour was associated with the somatostatinoma syndrome comprising associated diabetes mellitis, steatorrhoea and cholelithiasis.

A Unique Case of Carotid Splaying by a Cervical Vagal Neurofibroma and the Role of Neuroradiology in Surgical Management

PubMed Central

Buehler, Mark; Mrak, Robert E; Mansour, Tarek R; Medhkour, Yacine; Medhkour, Azedine

2017-01-01

Carotid splaying, also known as the Lyre sign, is a widening of the carotid bifurcation due to the displacement of the internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery just distal to the point of divergence. This phenomenon is classically exhibited by highly vascularized carotid body tumors and, in rare cases, by cervical sympathetic chain schwannomas. Demonstration of the Lyre sign by a cervical vagal neurofibroma, however, is a unique occurrence that has not been previously documented in the literature. Neurofibromas are slow growing, poorly vascularized soft tissue masses and are a hallmark of the autosomal dominant genetic disorder, neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). While targeted genetic therapies are evolving, management is currently dependent on a case-by-case resection of tumors with specific indications for chemo and radiation therapy. These resections rely on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to visualize tumor location and infiltration, but even in the setting of an established NF-1 diagnosis, additional imaging can be beneficial in ruling out more precarious tumors and optimizing surgical outcomes. In this case, a 25-year-old female with known NF-1 presented with an enlarging cervical mass that demonstrated splaying of the left internal and external carotid arteries on MRI. Due to the typical association of the Lyre sign with carotid body tumors, magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was crucial in guiding surgical decision making. Carotid body tumors are highly vascularized, may compress carotid branches, and carry a high risk of intraoperative bleeding. They are best visualized with MRA, which assesses carotid splaying and patency, and demonstrates vascular blushing within the tumor.  This patient's MRA demonstrated the Lyre sign, patency of all carotid vessels, and a lack of vascularity within the mass, thus lowering suspicion for a carotid body tumor. Intraoperative use of imaging results facilitated a successful resection of a soft tissue tumor with minimal blood loss and no complications. Postoperative histologic examination confirmed a neurofibroma and definitively ruled out a carotid body tumor. This case highlights the importance of utilizing MRA whenever carotid splaying is seen on MRI and supports the consideration of neurofibromas in the differential for this finding.  PMID:29147633

Dietary copper: a novel predisposing factor for oral submucous fibrosis?

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Brennan, Peter A

2013-03-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is known devastating disorder commonly seen in South Asian developing countries. It is directly linked to areca nut chewing and the contents of areca are subjected to multitude of investigations. Among all the contents of areca nut, the copper element has been extensively studied. Most of the published studies have validated its association with OSMF because of its local action. In this paper we postulate a novel biological pathway through which copper is thought to predispose oral mucosa to OSMF. The hypothesis is instructive in explaining various unexplored aspects of the disease. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Oral submucous fibrosis: an overview of the aetiology, pathogenesis, classification, and principles of management.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Brennan, Peter A

2013-10-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a complex, debilitating, and precancerous condition. Formerly confined to the Indian subcontinent, it is now often seen in the Asian populations of the United Kingdom, USA, and other developed countries, and is therefore a serious problem for global health. The well-known causative agent of the disease, areca-nut is now recognised as a group one carcinogen. We review and discuss all components of OSMF, including the terminology, presentation, aetiology, and pathogenesis, and provide a brief overview of its management. Copyright © 2012 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Review of drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Chole, Revant H; Gondivkar, Shailesh M; Gadbail, Amol R; Balsaraf, Swati; Chaudhary, Sudesh; Dhore, Snehal V; Ghonmode, Sumeet; Balwani, Satish; Mankar, Mugdha; Tiwari, Manish; Parikh, Rima V

2012-05-01

This study undertook a review of the literature on drug treatment of oral submucous fibrosis. An electronic search was carried out for articles published between January 1960 to November 2011. Studies with high level of evidence were included. The levels of evidence of the articles were classified after the guidelines of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine. The main outcome measures used were improvement in oral ulceration, burning sensation, blanching and trismus. Only 13 publications showed a high level of evidence (3 randomized controlled trials and 10 clinical trials/controlled clinical trials), with a total of 1157 patients. Drugs like steroids, hyaluronidase, human placenta extracts, chymotrypsin and collagenase, pentoxifylline, nylidrin hydrochloride, iron and multivitamin supplements including lycopene, have been used. Only systemic agents were associated with few adverse effects like gastritis, gastric irritation and peripheral flushing with pentoxifylline, and flushingly warm skin with nylidrin hydrochloride; all other side-effects were mild and mainly local. Few studies with high levels of evidence were found. The drug treatment that is currently available for oral submucous fibrosis is clearly inadequate. There is a need for high-quality randomized controlled trials with carefully selected and standardized outcome measures. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Neuropeptide-hydrolysing activities in synaptosomal fractions from dog ileum myenteric, deep muscular and submucous plexi. Their participation in neurotensin inactivation.

PubMed

Barelli, H; Ahmad, S; Kostka, P; Fox, J A; Daniel, E E; Vincent, J P; Checler, F

1989-01-01

The mapping of neuropeptidases in synaptosomal fractions prepared from dog ileum myenteric, deep muscular and submucous plexus was established by means of fluorigenic substrates and specific inhibitors. Endopeptidase 24.11, angiotensin-converting enzyme and aminopeptidases were found in all tissues, the highest amounts being recovered in the submucous preparation. Post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase was obtained in high quantities whatever the tissue source while proline endopeptidase was detected in low amounts and pyroglutamyl-peptide hydrolase was never detectable. The above peptidases were examined for their putative participation in the inactivation of neurotensin by monitoring the effect of specific inhibitors on the formation of the metabolites of labeled neurotensin separated by HPLC. Endopeptidases 24.11, 24.15 and 24.16 were respectively responsible for the formation of neurotensin(1-11), neurotensin(1-8) and neurotensin(1-10) that are devoid of biological activity. The secondary attacks occurring on neurotensin degradation products were the following: cleavage of neurotensin(1-10) into neurotensin(1-8) by angiotensin-converting enzyme; conversion of neurotensin(9-13) into neurotensin(11-13) by post-proline dipeptidyl aminopeptidase; hydrolysis of neurotensin(11-13) into free tyrosine by aminopeptidase(s).

Congenital giant plexiform neurofibroma with occipital calvarial dysplasia in association with meningoencephalocele in neurofibromatosis Type 1 and segmental neurofibromatosis: report of 2 cases.

PubMed

Dadlani, Ravi; Sadanand, Venkatraman; Ghosal, Nandita; Hegde, Alangar S

2013-11-01

Giant plexiform neurofibroma (GPNF) of the scalp is an extremely rare lesion reported in association with neurofibromatosis. Occipital location of GPNF is even more infrequent, especially in association with occipital dysplasia (OD). The authors report 2 pediatric cases of GPNF associated with OD. The first case had an associated meningoencephalocele, and the second had large vascular channels within the lesion and the dominant ipsilateral transverse sinus lying in the center of the calvarial defect. The authors present these 2 unusual cases with a review of literature and discuss the radiological findings, theories of etiopathogenesis of the OD, and management dilemmas.

Current protocols in the management of oral submucous fibrosis: An update.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Rai, Kirthi Kumar; Boraks, George; Patil, Shekar Gowda; Aljabab, Abdulsalam S; Merkx, M A W; Carrozzo, Marco; Brennan, Peter A

2017-07-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a debilitating condition of oral cavity which has significant potential for malignant transformation. In spite of over 20 years of research, the pathogenesis of the condition is still obscure and no single management modality is effective. Many OSMF treatment protocols have been proposed to alleviate the signs and symptoms of the disorder and there is overwhelming evidence that as areca nut is primary cause, stopping its use may have a considerable effect on symptoms rather than reversing pre-existing fibrosis. We present a review of the current protocols for managing OSMF. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Architecture and Chemical Coding of the Inner and Outer Submucous Plexus in the Colon of Piglets

PubMed Central

Petto, Carola; Gäbel, Gotthold; Pfannkuche, Helga

2015-01-01

In the porcine colon, the submucous plexus is divided into an inner submucous plexus (ISP) on the epithelial side and an outer submucous plexus (OSP) on the circular muscle side. Although both plexuses are probably involved in the regulation of epithelial functions, they might differ in function and neurochemical coding according to their localization. Therefore, we examined expression and co-localization of different neurotransmitters and neuronal markers in both plexuses as well as in neuronal fibres. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on wholemount preparations of ISP and OSP and on cryostat sections. Antibodies against choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), substance P (SP), somatostatin (SOM), neuropeptide Y (NPY), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and the pan-neuronal markers Hu C/D and neuron specific enolase (NSE) were used. The ISP contained 1,380 ± 131 ganglia per cm2 and 122 ± 12 neurons per ganglion. In contrast, the OSP showed a wider meshwork (215 ± 33 ganglia per cm2) and smaller ganglia (57 ± 3 neurons per ganglion). In the ISP, 42% of all neurons expressed ChAT. About 66% of ChAT-positive neurons co-localized SP. A small number of ISP neurons expressed SOM. Chemical coding in the OSP was more complex. Besides the ChAT/±SP subpopulation (32% of all neurons), a nNOS-immunoreactive population (31%) was detected. Most nitrergic neurons were only immunoreactive for nNOS; 10% co-localized with VIP. A small subpopulation of OSP neurons was immunoreactive for ChAT/nNOS/±VIP. All types of neurotransmitters found in the ISP or OSP were also detected in neuronal fibres within the mucosa. We suppose that the cholinergic population in the ISP is involved in the control of epithelial functions. Regarding neurochemical coding, the OSP shares some similarities with the myenteric plexus. Because of its location and neurochemical characteristics, the OSP may be involved in controlling both the mucosa and circular muscle. PMID:26230272

The role of the immune system in neurofibromatosis type 1-associated nervous system tumors.

PubMed

Karmakar, Souvik; Reilly, Karlyne M

2017-01-01

With the recent development of new anticancer therapies targeting the immune system, it is important to understand which immune cell types and cytokines play critical roles in suppressing or promoting tumorigenesis. The role of mast cells in promoting neurofibroma growth in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) patients was hypothesized decades ago. More recent experiments in mouse models have demonstrated the causal role of mast cells in neurofibroma development and of microglia in optic pathway glioma development. We review here what is known about the role of NF1 mutation in immune cell function and the role of immune cells in promoting tumorigenesis in NF1. We also review the therapies targeting immune cell pathways and their promise in NF1 tumors.

Curcumin – Pharmacological Actions And its Role in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review

PubMed Central

Singh, Indra Deo; Singh, Shivani; Kishore, Mallika; Jha, Prakash Chandra

2015-01-01

Turmeric has been in use for thousands of years as a dye, flavouring and a medicinal herb. Ancient Indian medicine has touted turmeric as an herb with the ability to provide glow and lustre to the skin as well as vigour and vitality to the entire body. Since curcumin has antimicrobial, antioxidant, astringents and other useful properties, it is quite useful in dentistry also. Curcumin, the most active polyphenolic constituent, is the active ingredient in the traditional herbal remedy and dietary spice turmeric. In gel form it is a component in local drugs delivery system. The objective of this article is to review the pharmacological action of turmeric and its use in treating oral submucous fibrosis. PMID:26557633

Oral submucous fibrosis at pediatric age, now time to think: Series of two cases

PubMed Central

Gupta, Vinay K.; Malhotra, Seema; Patil, Ranjit; Tripathi, Anurag

2013-01-01

The younger generation is consuming areca nut and areca nut products, which is coming in the market with different multicolored attractive pouches and easily available in each and every corner of the road. For the children from the lower socioeconomic strata, areca nut use is rampant. Alarmingly, it has been seen that the highest period of risk for engaging in areca nut alone is between the ages of 5 and 12. Oral submucous fibrosis associated with areca nut in children is a great concern for the Society and the Government. Factors associated with this report for consuming areca nut are levels of awareness, household environment, peer pressure, low cost, easy availability etc. PMID:24049299

Breath Alkane as an index of severity for oral submucous fibrosis: A new perspective?

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Boraks, George; Aljabab, Abdulsalam S; Patil, Shekar Gowda; Merkx, M A W; Brennan, Peter A

2017-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a devastating disease commonly seen in the Asian subcontinent that results in significant functional morbidity for patients and has a high potential for malignant transformation. Over the last three decades, different diagnostic methods have been described to quantify and grade OSMF severity. Some methods have been used with perceived favorable outcomes although recurrence and malignant transformation remains a problem in many cases, and OSMF presents a major therapeutic challenge. We present a simple, noninvasive and less time-consuming diagnostic method which measures the severity of OSMF, helping to predict its malignant transformation and monitoring the effect of medical therapy on this disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Multiple spinal nerve enlargement and SOS1 mutation: Further evidence of overlap between neurofibromatosis type 1 and Noonan phenotype.

PubMed

Santoro, C; Giugliano, T; Melone, M A B; Cirillo, M; Schettino, C; Bernardo, P; Cirillo, G; Perrotta, S; Piluso, G

2018-01-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has long been considered a well-defined, recognizable monogenic disorder, with neurofibromas constituting a pathognomonic sign. This dogma has been challenged by recent descriptions of patients with enlarged nerves or paraspinal tumors, suggesting that neurogenic tumors and hypertrophic neuropathy may be a complication of Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) or RASopathy phenotype. We describe a 15-year-old boy, whose mother previously received clinical diagnosis of NF1 due to presence of bilateral cervical and lumbar spinal lesions resembling plexiform neurofibromas and features suggestive of NS. NF1 molecular analysis was negative in the mother. The boy presented with Noonan features, multiple lentigines and pectus excavatum. Next-generation sequencing analysis of all RASopathy genes identified p.Ser548Arg missense mutation in SOS1 in the boy, confirmed in his mother. Brain and spinal magnetic resonance imaging scans were negative in the boy. No heart involvement or deafness was observed in proband or mother. This is the first report of a SOS1 mutation associated with hypertrophic neuropathy resembling plexiform neurofibromas, a rare complication in Noonan phenotypes with mutations in RASopathy genes. Our results highlight the overlap between RASopathies, suggesting that NF1 diagnostic criteria need rethinking. Genetic analysis of RASopathy genes should be considered when diagnosis is uncertain. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An analysis of variation in expression of neurofibromatosis (NF) type I (NFI): Evidence for modifying genes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Easton, D.F.; Ponder, B.A.J.; Huson, S.M.

Neurofibromatosis (NF) type 1 (NF1) is notable for its variable expression. To determine whether variation in expression has an inherited component, the authors examined 175 individuals in 48 NF families, including six MZ twin pairs. Three quantitative traits were scored - number of cafe-au-lait patches, number of cutaneous neurofibromas, and head circumference; and five binary traits were scored - the presence or absence of plexiform neurofibromas, optic gliomas, scoliosis, epilepsy, and referral for remedial education. For cafe-au-lait patches and neurofibromas, correlation was highest between MZ twins, less high between first-degree relatives, and lower still between more distant relatives. The highmore » correlation between distant relatives suggests that the type of mutation at the NF1 locus itself plays only a minor role. All of the five binary traits, with the exception of plexiformneurofibromas, also showed significant familial clustering. The familial effects for these traits were consistent with polygenic effects, but there were insufficient data to rule out other models, including a significant effect of different NF1 mutations. There was no evidence of any association between the different traits in affected individuals. The authors conclude that the phenotypic expression of NF1 is to a large extent determined by the genotype at other [open quotes]modifying[close quotes] loci and that these modifying genes are trait specific. 22 refs., 8 tabs.« less

Telomere erosion in NF1 tumorigenesis.

PubMed

Jones, Rhiannon E; Grimstead, Julia W; Sedani, Ashni; Baird, Duncan; Upadhyaya, Meena

2017-06-20

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; MIM# 162200) is a familial cancer syndrome that affects 1 in 3,500 individuals worldwide and is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion. Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors (MPNSTs) represent a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in NF1 and currently there is no treatment or definite prognostic biomarkers for these tumors. Telomere shortening has been documented in numerous tumor types. Short dysfunctional telomeres are capable of fusion and it is considered that the ensuing genomic instability may facilitate clonal evolution and the progression to malignancy. To evaluate the potential role of telomere dysfunction in NF1-associated tumors, we undertook a comparative analysis of telomere length in samples derived from 10 cutaneous and 10 diffused plexiform neurofibromas, and 19 MPNSTs. Telomere length was determined using high-resolution Single Telomere Length Analysis (STELA). The mean Xp/Yp telomere length detected in MPNSTs, at 3.282 kb, was significantly shorter than that observed in both plexiform neurofibromas (5.793 kb; [p = 0.0006]) and cutaneous neurofibromas (6.141 kb; [p = 0.0007]). The telomere length distributions of MPNSTs were within the length-ranges in which telomere fusion is detected and that confer a poor prognosis in other tumor types. These data indicate that telomere length may play a role in driving genomic instability and clonal progression in NF1-associated MPNSTs.

Direct carotid cavernous fistula after submucous resection of the nasal septum.

PubMed

Bizri, A R; al-Ajam, M; Zaytoun, G; al-Kutoubi, A

2000-01-01

A carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an abnormal arteriovenous anastomosis between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus. Etiologies of this condition reported in the literature so far include facial trauma, rupture of an intracavernous aneurysm of the carotid artery, Ehler-Danlos syndrome and fibromuscular dysplasia of the cerebral arteries. Such fistulae were reported as complications of rhinoplasty, transsphenoidal surgery, embolization of cavernous sinus meningioma, and rhinocerebral mucormycosis. CCF may also occur spontaneously in children or as a congenital malformation. However, to our knowledge, submucous resection of the nasal septum has not been reported before to cause direct carotid-cavernous fistula. CT and angiographic findings are presented and a review of the literature for reported causes of CCF is made as well as a brief discussion of the possible pathophysiology.

Submucous Clefts

MedlinePlus

... of the palate is because of abnormal speech. The speech has a nasal sound because air is lost through the nose. In such cases the child’s speech should be evaluated by a speech pathologist who, ...

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy—A Novel Treatment Modality in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Review

PubMed Central

Kumar, M. Ashwini; Radhika, Besta; Reddy, Satya Prakash; Yaga, Uday Shankar

2015-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic, debilitating disease characterized by juxta epithelial fibrosis of the oral cavity and regarded as a potentially malignant disorder. Numerous treatment modalities ranging from various drugs to behavioral therapy have been tried with inconsistent results with varying degrees of success reflecting low predictability, requiring further evaluation and standardization. Novel treatment modality such as Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves inhalation of 100% oxygen at increased atmospheric pressure usually ranging between 2.0 and 2.5 atmospheres for periods between 60 and 120 min. HBOT which can increase oxygen tension and delivery to oxygen-deficient tissue, is a supplementary therapy to improve hypoxic environment of OSMF and also possesses potent anti-inflammatory properties. This article enlightens on possible beneficial effects of HBOT in the management of OSMF at cellular and molecular level. PMID:26155590

Novel mouth-exercising device for oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Patil, Pravinkumar G; Patil, Smita P

2012-10-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic inflammatory disease resulting in progressive juxtaepithelial fibrosis of the oral soft tissues and can cause increasing difficulty in mastication, swallowing, speaking, and mouth opening. The treatment of severe trismus requires a combination of surgical release and physiotherapy. Often physiotherapy alone can modify tissue remodeling in OSMF to increase oral opening. This article describes the fabrication and use of a new mouth-exercising device that helps the patient to squeeze/stretch the cheek mucosa to increase elasticity. The device can be used as a sole treatment modality or can be used in association with pharmacological and surgical treatment modalities for OSMF. Improvement in mouth opening was observed in four OSMF patients treated with a mouth-exercising device for 6 months as a sole treatment modality. © 2012 by the American College of Prosthodontists.

Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Masseteric Hypertrophy

PubMed Central

Devathambi, Jones Raja; Aswath, Nalini

2013-01-01

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of ultrasonography (USG) as a non-invasive tool in assessing the severity of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and also to assess the relationship between OSMF and hypertrophy of the masseter muscle. Materials and Methods: The submucosal thickness in buccal mucosa and masseteric muscle hypertrophy were measured using ultrasound (10-15 MHz) in 60 patients comprising 30 OSMF patients and 30 controls. Results: Results were analyzed by one way analysis of variance, Chi-square test and t-test. As the stages of OSMF advanced there was an increase in submucosal thickness of the buccal mucosa as well as masseter muscle thickness in both relaxed and contracted state in the study group when compared with controls (P < 0.005). Conclusion: USG is an effective non-invasive zero radiation tool for assessing the progression of OSMF. PMID:24516775

Verrucoid Variant of Invasive Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Oral Submucous Fibrosis: A Clinicopathological Challenge.

PubMed

Ramani, Priya; Krithika, C; Ananthalakshmi, R; Singaram, Mamta; Jagdish, Praveena; Janardhanan, Sunitha; Jeevakarunyam, Sathiyajeeva

2016-11-04

Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is an exophytic, low-grade, well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma. It is described as a lesion appearing in the sixth or seventh decade of life that has minimal aggressive potential and, in long-standing cases, has been shown to transform into squamous cell carcinoma. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder, and about one-third of the affected population develop oral squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathological diagnosis of verrucous carcinoma is challenging, and the interpretation of early squamous cell carcinoma requires immense experience. Here we present a rare case of a 24-year-old male with OSMF transforming to verrucous carcinoma with invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Even though the case had a straightforward clinical diagnosis, the serial sectioning done for pathological diagnosis disclosed the squamous cell carcinoma.

A retrospective study of speech development in patients with submucous cleft palate treated by four operations.

PubMed

Park, S; Saso, Y; Ito, O; Tokioka, K; Kato, K; Nitta, N; Kitano, I

2000-06-01

Fifty patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) who had had four different operations were reviewed. The operations were pushback palatoplasty (n = 18), pharyngeal flap (n = 21), pushback palatoplasty combined with a pharyngeal flap (n = 8), and Furlow palatoplasty (n = 3). Postoperatively the speech of 8, 19, 7, and 2 patients, respectively, improved so that it was within normal limits. A secondary pharyngeal flap was done for six patients, each of whom had previously had a pushback palatoplasty. They all improved, five achieving relatively normal speech, and one good speech. No patient developed hyponasality or airway compromise associated with the pharyngeal flap. The results show that pharyngeal flap and pushback palatoplasty combined with a pharyngeal flap seem to be more reliable procedures than pushback palatoplasty for patients with SMCP.

Malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis in Taiwan: A nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study.

PubMed

Yang, Po-Yu; Chen, Yi-Tzu; Wang, Yu-Hsun; Su, Ni-Yu; Yu, Hui-Chieh; Chang, Yu-Chao

2017-11-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is one of the well-recognized oral potentially malignant disorders. In this study, we investigated the malignant transformation of OSF in a Taiwanese population. A retrospective cohort study was analyzed from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. A comparison cohort was randomly frequency-matched with the OSF cohort according to age, sex, and index year. Oral leukoplakia (OL) was further stratified to evaluate for the possible synergistic effects of OSF-associated malignant transformation. In this cohort, 71 (9.13%) of 778 cases of OSF were observed to transform into oral cancer. The malignant transformation rate was 29.26-fold in the OSF cohort than in the comparison cohort after adjustment (95% confidence intervals 20.55-41.67). To further stratify with OL, OSF with OL (52.46%; 95% confidence intervals 34.88-78.91) had higher risk of malignant transformation rate than OSF alone (29.84%; 95% confidence intervals 20.99-42.42). The Kaplan-Meier plot revealed the rate free of malignant transformation was significant over the 13-year follow-up period (log-rank test, P<.001). The mean duration of malignant transformation was 5.1, 2.7, and 2.2 years for non-OSF, OSF alone, and OSF with OL, respectively. Oral submucous fibrosis patients exhibited a significantly higher risk of malignant transformation than those without OSF. OL could enhance malignant transformation in patients with OSF. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Prosthetic rehabilitation of oral submucous fibrosis patients: A systematic review of published case reports and case series

PubMed Central

Patil, Shankargouda; Sarode, Gargi S.; Bhandi, Shilpa; Awan, Kamran Habib; Ferrari, Marco

2017-01-01

Background Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious chronic condition characterized by restricted mouth opening. Prosthetic rehabilitation is challenging for OSF patients as obtaining a good impression requires adequate mouth opening. The aim of the present review is to systematically present the data from case reports published in the English-language literature. Method A comprehensive search of the literature databases (PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar) along with the references of published articles on prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients published to date was conducted. Keywords included a combination of ‘Oral submucous fibrosis’, ‘prosthesis’, ‘dentures’ and/or ‘restricted mouth opening’. Citations from selected references and bibliographic linkages taken from similar cases were included in this review. The inclusion criteria selected for case reports on prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients, and cases of restricted mouth opening due to causes other than OSF were excluded from the study. Results A total of 21 cases were identified and analysed from 17 papers published in the English-language literature. Of these, 9 cases employed the sectional denture technique, 4 cases emphasized the need-based treatment approach in which conventional methods were modified, and 4 cases used mouth exercising devices. Finally, 1 case each involved, flexible denture, oral screen prosthesis, oral stents, surgery in conjunction with dentures. Conclusion Prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients is a multifaceted approach and should be patient specific, although sectional dentures have achieved the best results. PMID:28877246

Prosthetic rehabilitation of oral submucous fibrosis patients: A systematic review of published case reports and case series.

PubMed

Patil, Shankargouda; Sarode, Sachin Chakradhar; Sarode, Gargi S; Bhandi, Shilpa; Awan, Kamran Habib; Ferrari, Marco

2017-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious chronic condition characterized by restricted mouth opening. Prosthetic rehabilitation is challenging for OSF patients as obtaining a good impression requires adequate mouth opening. The aim of the present review is to systematically present the data from case reports published in the English-language literature. A comprehensive search of the literature databases (PubMed, Medline, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar) along with the references of published articles on prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients published to date was conducted. Keywords included a combination of 'Oral submucous fibrosis', 'prosthesis', 'dentures' and/or 'restricted mouth opening'. Citations from selected references and bibliographic linkages taken from similar cases were included in this review. The inclusion criteria selected for case reports on prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients, and cases of restricted mouth opening due to causes other than OSF were excluded from the study. A total of 21 cases were identified and analysed from 17 papers published in the English-language literature. Of these, 9 cases employed the sectional denture technique, 4 cases emphasized the need-based treatment approach in which conventional methods were modified, and 4 cases used mouth exercising devices. Finally, 1 case each involved, flexible denture, oral screen prosthesis, oral stents, surgery in conjunction with dentures. Prosthetic rehabilitation in OSF patients is a multifaceted approach and should be patient specific, although sectional dentures have achieved the best results.

[New in hysteroscopy: hysteroscopic morcellators].

PubMed

Garbin, O; Schwartz, L

2014-12-01

A new technology recently appeared for the treatment of endo-uterine pathologies: hysteroscopic morcellators. It seemed to us useful to review this new technology. The morcellator we mostly experiment is the Myosure®, in 14 patients, with a median age of 40.5 years (28-58). The time of procedure went from 5 to 75 min with a median time at 26 min. The median of the total fluid deficit was 300 mL (0-1500 mL). A conversion in traditional resectoscopy happened in 4 cases (29%). This results are not so good as in literature. This is probably bound to one the learning curve but also the type of pathology. For the operative time, all the studies agree that hysteroscopic morcellation is faster than hysteroscopic resection. The quantity of fluid used is also lesser, as the deficit of fluid when the morcellator is used. The percentage of success to remove the pathology is high, close to 100% for the polyps and 92% for the submucous myomas. The indications are the polyps and the submucous myomas type 0 or 1. The morcellation of remnant trophoblastic tissues is also described and seems effective. Others indications, as the removal of uterine septum or cure of uterine synechias, are criticisable. In conclusion, hysteroscopic morcellators are probably a great progress for the cure of the endo-uterine pathologies. They cannot yet concurrence the hysterosopic resectoscopes for the treatment of big submucous myoma or those with a large intramyometrial involvement. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Development of an oxygen saturation measuring system by using near-infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kono, K.; Nakamachi, E.; Morita, Y.

2017-08-01

Recently, the hypoxia imaging has been recognized as the advanced technique to detect cancers because of a strong relationship with the biological characterization of cancer. In previous studies, hypoxia imaging systems for endoscopic diagnosis have been developed. However, these imaging technologies using the visible light can observe only blood vessels in gastric mucous membrane. Therefore, they could not detect scirrhous gastric cancer which accounts for 10% of all gastric cancers and spreads rapidly into submucous membrane. To overcome this problem, we developed a measuring system of blood oxygen saturation in submucous membrane by using near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. NIR, which has high permeability for bio-tissues and high absorbency for hemoglobin, can image and observe blood vessels in submucous membrane. NIR system with LED lights and a CCD camera module was developed to image blood vessels. We measured blood oxygen saturation using the optical density ratio (ODR) of two wavelengths, based on Lambert-Beer law. To image blood vessel clearly and measure blood oxygen saturation accurately, we searched two optimum wavelengths by using a multilayer human gastric-like phantom which has same optical properties as human gastric one. By using Monte Carlo simulation of light propagation, we derived the relationship between the ODR and blood oxygen saturation and elucidated the influence of blood vessel depth on measuring blood oxygen saturation. The oxygen saturation measuring methodology was validated with experiments using our NIR system. Finally, it was confirmed that our system can detect oxygen saturation in various depth blood vessels accurately.

The Effect of Furlow Palatoplasty Timing on Speech Outcomes in Submucous Cleft Palate.

PubMed

Swanson, Jordan W; Mitchell, Brianne T; Cohen, Marilyn; Solot, Cynthia; Jackson, Oksana; Low, David; Bartlett, Scott P; Taylor, Jesse A

2017-08-01

Because some patients with submucous cleft palate (SMCP) are asymptomatic, surgical treatment is conventionally delayed until hypernasal resonance is identified during speech production. We aim to identify whether speech outcomes after repair of a SMCP is influenced by age of repair. We retrospectively studied nonsyndromic children with SMCP. Speech results, before and after any surgical treatment or physical management of the palate were compared using the Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scoring system. Furlow palatoplasty was performed on 40 nonsyndromic patients with SMCP, and 26 patients were not surgically treated. Total composite speech scores improved significantly among children repaired between 3 and 4 years of age (P = 0.02), but not older than 4 years (P = 0.63). Twelve (86%) of 14 patients repaired who are older than 4 years had borderline or incompetent speech (composite Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scoring ≥3) compared with 2 (29%) of 7 repaired between 3 and 4 years of age (P = 0.0068), despite worse prerepair scores in the latter group. Resonance improved in children repaired who are older than 4 years, but articulation errors persisted to a greater degree than those treated before 4 years of age (P = 0.01.) CONCLUSIONS: Submucous cleft palate repair before 4 years of age appears associated with lower ultimate rates of borderline or incompetent speech. Speech of patients repaired at or after 4 years of age seems to be characterized by persistent misarticulation. These findings highlight the importance of timely diagnosis and management.

Perianal pain as a presentation of lumbosacral neurofibroma: a case report.

PubMed

Moghaddasi, Mehdi; Aghaii, Mahboubeh; Mamarabadi, Mansoureh

2014-12-01

Rectal and perianal pain is a common problem. Most people have experienced it at least once in their lifetime. It usually manifests as mild discomfort, but sometimes the pain can be so severe that it is incapacitating. A 59-year-old woman admitted with a 2-year history of paroxysmal perianal pain underwent a full work-up including proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, full colonoscopy, and barium enema that were unremarkable. Lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging with and without gadolinium showed an intradural-extramedullary lesion at the level of L5. The pathologic diagnosis was a neurofibroma. She underwent surgery, and after a few weeks she felt well and medication was no longer needed for her paroxysmal pain. Although one should consider the usual causes of colorectal pain such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, proctalgia fugax, and chronic perianal pain syndrome, we should keep in mind that some referral pain may mimic local pathologies and should be evaluated properly.

Perianal Pain as a Presentation of Lumbosacral Neurofibroma: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Moghaddasi, Mehdi; Aghaii, Mahboubeh; Mamarabadi, Mansoureh

2014-01-01

Rectal and perianal pain is a common problem. Most people have experienced it at least once in their lifetime. It usually manifests as mild discomfort, but sometimes the pain can be so severe that it is incapacitating. A 59-year-old woman admitted with a 2-year history of paroxysmal perianal pain underwent a full work-up including proctoscopy, sigmoidoscopy, full colonoscopy, and barium enema that were unremarkable. Lumbosacral magnetic resonance imaging with and without gadolinium showed an intradural-extramedullary lesion at the level of L5. The pathologic diagnosis was a neurofibroma. She underwent surgery, and after a few weeks she felt well and medication was no longer needed for her paroxysmal pain. Although one should consider the usual causes of colorectal pain such as hemorrhoids, anal fissure, proctalgia fugax, and chronic perianal pain syndrome, we should keep in mind that some referral pain may mimic local pathologies and should be evaluated properly. PMID:25485211

Hysteroscopic myomectomy: techniques and preoperative assessment.

PubMed

Casadio, Paolo; Guasina, Francesca; Morra, Ciro; Talamo, Maria T; Leggieri, Concetta; Frisoni, Jessica; Seracchioli, Renato

2016-04-01

Even if usually asymptomatic, uterine myomas have been associated with a number of clinical issues such as abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB), heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), infertility, recurrent pregnancy loss, especially when these masses are submucous. Golden standard treatment for symptomatic submucous fibroids has long been considered their laparotomic removal or a total hysterectomy. The development of endoscopy has made these fibroids accessible and removable from the inner surface of uterus. Hysteroscopy arose as a diagnostic technique, but then it also became an alternative surgical technique for many diseases, offering therapeutic and irreplaceable possibilities of treatment, avoiding major surgery on the one hand, and allowing the correction of pathologies specifically related to female fertility, on the other hand. Excision by slicing has been described as traditional resectoscopic submucosal myomectomy, but today there are new procedures among which the operator can choose, that allow overcoming the initial limitations of the traditional resectoscopic myomectomy in clinical practice.

Fabrication of customized sectional impression trays in management of patients with limited mouth opening: a simple and unique approach.

PubMed

Krishna Ch, Vamsi; Mahendranadh Reddy, K; Gupta, Nidhi; Mahadev Shastry, Y; Chandra Sekhar, N; Aditya, Venkat; Reddy, G V K Mohan

2013-01-01

Impression making is not only important but is also the most significant step in the fabrication of any fixed or removable prosthesis. Proper impression making may be hindered by certain pathologic conditions. Reduced mouth opening is one of the common mechanical obstructions for proper orientation of the impression tray in the patient's mouth. In patients with trismus induced by submucous fibrosis, the procedure may be even more difficult to carry out because of reduced tissue resiliency and obliteration of vestibular spaces. Use of sectional trays offers one of the alternatives to overcome the problem of restricted mouth opening. Fabrication of customized impression trays according to the patient dentition improves the accuracy of impression making. The present case reports describe the fabrication of sectional custom trays designed for dentulous patients with chronic tobacco-induced submucous fibrosis.

Oral submucous fibrosis: An update on current theories of pathogenesis.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Rai, Kirthi Kumar; Hunasgi, Santosh; Merkx, M A W; Gao, Shan; Brennan, Peter A

2017-07-01

Over the last 40 years, many theories linking oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) to various risk factors have been proposed. Spicy, pungent foods and irritants such as supari (areca nut), paan (betel leaves), tobacco (through chewing or smoking)-the common Asian habits of chewing the aforementioned agents-have all been incriminated as causative agents. Systemic factors such as nutritional deficiency, genetic predisposition and autoimmunity have also been proposed in the pathogenesis of OSMF. However, the precise aetiology of OSMF is still unknown, and no conclusive evidence has been found despite many extensive investigations on implicated factors. Most of the ideas proposed have been derived from the existing clinical and epidemiological data. We present a comprehensive review of the various theories regarding the pathogenesis of the condition, but have not concentrated on malignant transformation in this article. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The role of cephalometry in assessing velopharyngeal dysfunction in velocardiofacial syndrome.

PubMed

Veerapandiyan, Aravindhan; Blalock, David; Ghosh, Srija; Ip, Edward; Barnes, Craig; Shashi, Vandana

2011-04-01

To report our experience with cephalometry in evaluating velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) and its utility in assessing the role of cervical spine abnormalities in VPD, prior to surgical correction of VPD. Clinical charts and cephalometric radiographs done prior to surgery for VPD were retrospectively analyzed to ascertain velopharyngeal measurements and cervical spine abnormalities. Twenty-six patients (age: 6-23 years) with molecularly confirmed VCFS. Wake Forest University Health Sciences (1997-2005). Cranial base angle, nasopharyngeal depth, velum length, and Need ratio at rest, velar dimple location, and velopharyngeal length during phonation; information on presence/absence of submucous cleft palate and cervical spine abnormalities were also obtained. The relationship between C1 anterior arch abnormalities and Need ratio was examined. Seventy-three percent of the VCFS patients had excessive nasopharyngeal depth, 80% had an abnormal Need ratio, 50% had a short velum, 81% had a submucous or occult submucous cleft palate, 90.5% had a cervical spine abnormality (C1 anterior arch abnormalities in 38%) and 11.5% had platybasia. There was a significant difference in the Need ratio between patients with and without C1 anterior arch abnormalities. Cephalometry can be used to delineate factors such as C1 vertebral abnormalities, excessive pharyngeal depth, and short velum that contribute to VPD in VCFS. This would help otolaryngologists better understand the anatomy prior to surgical treatment of VPD. This is the first study to highlight the frequent occurrence of C1 anterior arch abnormalities in VCFS. Copyright © 2011 The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc., Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc.

Genotype-Phenotype Correlation in NF1: Evidence for a More Severe Phenotype Associated with Missense Mutations Affecting NF1 Codons 844-848.

PubMed

Koczkowska, Magdalena; Chen, Yunjia; Callens, Tom; Gomes, Alicia; Sharp, Angela; Johnson, Sherrell; Hsiao, Meng-Chang; Chen, Zhenbin; Balasubramanian, Meena; Barnett, Christopher P; Becker, Troy A; Ben-Shachar, Shay; Bertola, Debora R; Blakeley, Jaishri O; Burkitt-Wright, Emma M M; Callaway, Alison; Crenshaw, Melissa; Cunha, Karin S; Cunningham, Mitch; D'Agostino, Maria D; Dahan, Karin; De Luca, Alessandro; Destrée, Anne; Dhamija, Radhika; Eoli, Marica; Evans, D Gareth R; Galvin-Parton, Patricia; George-Abraham, Jaya K; Gripp, Karen W; Guevara-Campos, Jose; Hanchard, Neil A; Hernández-Chico, Concepcion; Immken, LaDonna; Janssens, Sandra; Jones, Kristi J; Keena, Beth A; Kochhar, Aaina; Liebelt, Jan; Martir-Negron, Arelis; Mahoney, Maurice J; Maystadt, Isabelle; McDougall, Carey; McEntagart, Meriel; Mendelsohn, Nancy; Miller, David T; Mortier, Geert; Morton, Jenny; Pappas, John; Plotkin, Scott R; Pond, Dinel; Rosenbaum, Kenneth; Rubin, Karol; Russell, Laura; Rutledge, Lane S; Saletti, Veronica; Schonberg, Rhonda; Schreiber, Allison; Seidel, Meredith; Siqveland, Elizabeth; Stockton, David W; Trevisson, Eva; Ullrich, Nicole J; Upadhyaya, Meena; van Minkelen, Rick; Verhelst, Helene; Wallace, Margaret R; Yap, Yoon-Sim; Zackai, Elaine; Zonana, Jonathan; Zurcher, Vickie; Claes, Kathleen; Martin, Yolanda; Korf, Bruce R; Legius, Eric; Messiaen, Ludwine M

2018-01-04

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common genetic disorder with a birth incidence of 1:2,000-3,000, is characterized by a highly variable clinical presentation. To date, only two clinically relevant intragenic genotype-phenotype correlations have been reported for NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809 and a single amino acid deletion p.Met922del. Both variants predispose to a distinct mild NF1 phenotype with neither externally visible cutaneous/plexiform neurofibromas nor other tumors. Here, we report 162 individuals (129 unrelated probands and 33 affected relatives) heterozygous for a constitutional missense mutation affecting one of five neighboring NF1 codons-Leu844, Cys845, Ala846, Leu847, and Gly848-located in the cysteine-serine-rich domain (CSRD). Collectively, these recurrent missense mutations affect ∼0.8% of unrelated NF1 mutation-positive probands in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) cohort. Major superficial plexiform neurofibromas and symptomatic spinal neurofibromas were more prevalent in these individuals compared with classic NF1-affected cohorts (both p < 0.0001). Nearly half of the individuals had symptomatic or asymptomatic optic pathway gliomas and/or skeletal abnormalities. Additionally, variants in this region seem to confer a high predisposition to develop malignancies compared with the general NF1-affected population (p = 0.0061). Our results demonstrate that these NF1 missense mutations, although located outside the GAP-related domain, may be an important risk factor for a severe presentation. A genotype-phenotype correlation at the NF1 region 844-848 exists and will be valuable in the management and genetic counseling of a significant number of individuals. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Solitary-Functional Play and Solitary-Pretend Play: Another Look at the Construct of Solitary-Active Behavior Using Playground Observations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Larry J.; Hart, Craig H.; Evans, Cortney A.

2008-01-01

Although the construct of solitary-active behavior calls for the aggregation of solitary-functional play and solitary-pretend play, there is little empirical support for combining them into one construct. Furthermore, little work has been done in early childhood to examine these behaviors on the playground. The purpose of this study was to observe…

Combinatorial Therapies for Neurofibroma and MPNST Treatment and Prevention

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-01

recommendations for biomarkers and biobanking in neurofibromatosis . Neurology 2016; 87(7 Supplement 1): S40-48. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002932...recommendations for biomarkers and biobanking in neurofibromatosis . Neurology 2016; 87(7 Supplement 1): S40-48. DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000002932. PMID: 27527649

Natural History of Plexiform Neurofibromas in NF1. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

neural foraminal widening, greater sciatic notch widening, and spinal cord com- pression were evaluated. Lesion signal intensity charac- teristics were...neural foraminal widening (n=20), greater sciatic foramina widening (n=2), and neural canal involvement (n=18). Target-like appearance was noted in 53

Von recklinghausen neurofibromatosis-pachydermatocele causing lower limb gigantism: a case report.

PubMed

Rekha, Arcot; Gopalan, T R

2006-03-01

Gigantism of the lower limb can occur because of plexiform neurofibromas. This condition is seen with café au lait patches and multiple neurofibromatosis in this case of von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis. We report our patient and review literature of this uncommon condition.

Plexiform neurofibroma tissue classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weizman, L.; Hoch, L.; Ben Sira, L.; Joskowicz, L.; Pratt, L.; Constantini, S.; Ben Bashat, D.

2011-03-01

Plexiform Neurofibroma (PN) is a major complication of NeuroFibromatosis-1 (NF1), a common genetic disease that involving the nervous system. PNs are peripheral nerve sheath tumors extending along the length of the nerve in various parts of the body. Treatment decision is based on tumor volume assessment using MRI, which is currently time consuming and error prone, with limited semi-automatic segmentation support. We present in this paper a new method for the segmentation and tumor mass quantification of PN from STIR MRI scans. The method starts with a user-based delineation of the tumor area in a single slice and automatically detects the PN lesions in the entire image based on the tumor connectivity. Experimental results on seven datasets yield a mean volume overlap difference of 25% as compared to manual segmentation by expert radiologist with a mean computation and interaction time of 12 minutes vs. over an hour for manual annotation. Since the user interaction in the segmentation process is minimal, our method has the potential to successfully become part of the clinical workflow.

Oral manifestations in patients with neurofibromatosis type-1: a comprehensive literature review.

PubMed

Javed, Fawad; Ramalingam, Sundar; Ahmed, Hameeda Bashir; Gupta, Bhumija; Sundar, Chalini; Qadri, Talat; Al-Hezaimi, Khalid; Romanos, Georgios E

2014-08-01

Oral health status is jeopardized in patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) type-1 (NF-1). The aim of the present study was to comprehensively review the oral manifestations in NF-1 patients. PubMed/Medline and Google-Scholar databases were explored using different keywords. Reviews, commentaries, letters to Editor and articles published in languages other than English were excluded. Neurofibromas of oral and perioral soft tissues with subsequent periodontitis, impacted and supernumerary teeth, enlarged alveolar process with dental spacing, morphological changes in teeth and class III molar relationship have been reported in NF-1 patients. Plexiform neurofibromas were reported both in oral soft tissue, maxilla and mandible with evidence of malignant transformation in some cases. Facial skeletal abnormalities, including enlargement of mandibular foramen, increased dimensions of the coronoid and sigmoid notches and notching of the posterior border of the mandible have also been reported. Association between dental caries and NF-1 remains unclear. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Does Topical Application of Placental Extract Gel on Postoperative Fibrotomy Wound Improve Mouth Opening and Wound Healing in Patients With Oral Submucous Fibrosis?

PubMed

Thakur, Gagan; Thomas, Shaji; Bhargava, Darpan; Pandey, Ankit

2015-07-01

Placental extract has been used as a therapeutic agent with application in various fields of medicine. Placental extract is well known for its effects on wound healing with anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, and angiogenic effects and is also a biogenic modulator. The present study evaluated the effect of placental extract on wound healing, mouth opening, and postoperative patient discomfort in patients with oral submucous fibrosis treated with fibrotomy with buccal fat pad coverage and coronoidectomy. Ten subjects with oral submucous fibrosis who presented with mouth opening less than 20 mm were enrolled in the present prospective randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of placental extract on the fibrotomy wound covered with a pedicled buccal pad fat (5 patients allocated to the study group, group S and 5 to the control group, group C). The following criteria were used to analyze the postoperative effect of placental extract on fibrotomy wounds compared with that of the controls: subjective assessment of the wound, postoperative discomfort, and postoperative mouth opening assessed at 1, 2, and 4 weeks postoperatively. The average difference in the preoperative and fourth week postoperative mouth opening for group C was 13.8 ± 2.68 mm and was 21.20 ± 2.77 mm in group S. The median calculated for group C was a 15.0-mm increase in mouth opening and was 20.0 mm in group S. The results obtained with topical application of placental extract on fibrotomy wound healing and postoperative mouth opening were superior to those of the control group in whom placental extract was not used. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The role of transvaginal power Doppler ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of benign intrauterine focal lesions.

PubMed

Cogendez, Ebru; Eken, Meryem Kurek; Bakal, Nuray; Gun, Ismet; Kaygusuz, Ecmel Isik; Karateke, Ates

2015-10-01

The purpose of this prospective study was to assess the role of power Doppler imaging in the differential diagnosis of benign intrauterine focal lesions such as endometrial polyps and submucous myomas using the characteristics of power Doppler flow mapping. A total of 480 premenopausal patients with abnormal uterine bleeding were evaluated by transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) searching for intrauterine pathology. Sixty-four patients with a suspicious focal endometrial lesion received saline infusion sonography (SIS) after TVS. Fifty-eight patients with focal endometrial lesions underwent power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). Three different vascular flow patterns were defined: Single vessel pattern, multiple vessel pattern, and circular flow pattern. Finally, hysteroscopic resection was performed in all cases, and Doppler flow characteristics were then compared with the final histopathological findings. Histopathological results were as follows: endometrial polyp: 40 (69 %), submucous myoma: 18 (31 %). Of the cases with endometrial polyps, 80 % demonstrated a single vessel pattern, 7.5 % a multiple vessel pattern, and 0 % a circular pattern. Vascularization was not observed in 12.5 % of patients with polyps. Of the cases with submucousal myomas, 72.2 % demonstrated a circular flow pattern, 27.8 % a multiple vessel pattern, and none of them showed a single vessel pattern. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the single vessel pattern in diagnosing endometrial polyps were 80, 100, 100, and 69.2 %, respectively; and for the circular pattern in diagnosing submucous myoma, these were 72.2, 100, 100, and 88.9 %, respectively. Power Doppler blood flow mapping is a useful, practical, and noninvasive diagnostic method for the differential diagnosis of benign intrauterine focal lesions. Especially in cases of recurrent abnormal uterine bleeding, recurrent abortion, and infertility, PDUS can be preferred as a first-line diagnostic method.

Diagnosing subtle palatal anomalies: Validation of video-analysis and assessment protocol for diagnosing occult submucous cleft palate.

PubMed

Rourke, Ryan; Weinberg, Seth M; Marazita, Mary L; Jabbour, Noel

2017-09-01

Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) classically involves bifid uvula, zona pellucida, and notched hard palate. However, patients may present with more subtle anatomic abnormalities. The ability to detect these abnormalities is important for surgeons managing velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) or considering adenoidectomy. Validate an assessment protocol for diagnosis of occult submucous cleft palate (OSMCP) and identify physical examination features present in patients with OSMCP in the relaxed and activated palate positions. Study participants included patients referred to a pediatric VPD clinic with concern for hypernasality or SMCP. Using an appropriately encrypted iPod touch, transoral video was obtained for each patient with the palate in the relaxed and activated positions. The videos were reviewed by two otolaryngologists in normal speed and slow-motion, as needed, and a questionnaire was completed by each reviewer pertaining to the anatomy and function of the palate. 47 patients, with an average age of 4.6 years, were included in the study over a one-year period. Four videos were unusable due to incomplete view of the palate. The most common palatal abnormality noted was OSMCP, diagnosed by each reviewer in 26/43 and 30/43 patients respectively. Using the assessment protocol, agreement on palatal diagnosis was 83.7% (kappa = 0.68), indicating substantial agreement, with the most prevalent anatomic features being vaulted palate elevation (96%) and visible notching of hard palate (75%). The diagnosis of subtle palatal anomalies is difficult and can be subjective. Using the proposed video-analysis method and assessment protocol may improve reliability of diagnosis of OSMCP. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Numerical study on transient harbor oscillations induced by successive solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Junliang; Ji, Chunyan; Liu, Yingyi; Ma, Xiaojian; Gaidai, Oleg

2018-02-01

Tsunamis are traveling waves which are characterized by long wavelengths and large amplitudes close to the shore. Due to the transformation of tsunamis, undular bores have been frequently observed in the coastal zone and can be viewed as a sequence of solitary waves with different wave heights and different separation distances among them. In this article, transient harbor oscillations induced by incident successive solitary waves are first investigated. The transient oscillations are simulated by a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE-TVD. The incident successive solitary waves include double solitary waves and triple solitary waves. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of different waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves on the relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. These wave parameters include the incident wave height, the relative separation distance between adjacent crests, and the number of elementary solitary waves in the incident wave train. The relative separation distance between adjacent crests is defined as the ratio of the distance between adjacent crests in the incident wave train to the effective wavelength of the single solitary wave. Maximum oscillations inside the harbor excited by various incident waves are also discussed. For comparison, the transient oscillation excited by the single solitary wave is also considered. The harbor used in this paper is assumed to be long and narrow and has constant depth; the free surface movement inside the harbor is essentially one-dimensional. This study reveals that, for the given harbor and for the variation ranges of all the waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves studied in this paper, the larger incident wave heights and the smaller number of elementary solitary waves in the incident tsunami lead to a more uniform relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. For the successive solitary waves, the larger relative separation distance between adjacent crests can cause more obvious fluctuations of the relative wave energy distribution over different resonant modes. When the wave height of the elementary solitary wave in the successive solitary waves equals to that of the single solitary wave and the relative separation distance between adjacent crests is equal to or greater than 0.6, the maximum oscillation inside the harbor induced by the successive solitary waves is almost identical to that excited by the single solitary wave.

Efficacy of aloe vera gel as an adjuvant treatment of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Alam, Sarwar; Ali, Iqbal; Giri, K Y; Gokkulakrishnan, S; Natu, Subodh S; Faisal, Mohammad; Agarwal, Anshita; Sharma, Himanshu

2013-12-01

Definitive therapy is not defined for the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). This study evaluated the efficacy of aloe vera gel as an adjuvant treatment of OSMF. A double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted on 60 subjects with OSMF divided into medicinal treatment (submucosal injection of hyaluronidase and dexamethasone, n = 30) and surgical treatment (n = 30) categories. Each category was randomly divided into groups A (with aloe vera, n = 15 per category) and B (without aloe vera, n = 15 per category). Follow-up assessment for various symptoms was performed, and results were analyzed using paired and unpaired Student t tests. The group receiving aloe vera had a significant improvement in most symptoms of OSMF (P < .01) compared with the non-aloe vera group, in both the medicinal and surgical categories. Aloe vera gel was effective as an adjuvant in treatment of OSMF. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Selumetinib Shrinks Tumors in Children with NF1

Cancer.gov

The investigational drug selumetinib shrank tumors in some children with a genetic syndrome called neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). As this Cancer Currents post explains, the drug also improved symptoms related to tumors known as neurofibromas, which can cause pain, difficulty breathing or walking, and disfigurement.

Solitary Kidney

MedlinePlus

... Solitary Kidney Your Kidneys & How They Work Solitary Kidney What is a solitary kidney? When a person has only one kidney or ... ureter are removed (bottom right). What are the kidneys and what do they do? The kidneys are ...

Neurofibromatosis with unilateral lower limb gigantism.

PubMed

Sabbioni, Giacomo; Rani, Nicola; Devescovi, Valentina

2010-05-01

The case of a 3-year-old child diagnosed with Type 1 neurofibromatosis is presented, showing pigmented birthmarks and gigantism of the left lower limb associated with the presence of multiple neurofibromas. Increased bone growth appears to be the direct or indirect consequence of a still undefined paracrine effect of nerve tumor cells.

Controlling of the electromagnetic solitary waves generation in the wake of a two-color laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, K. Q.; Li, S. W.; Guo, L.; Yang, D.; Li, Z. C.; Zheng, C. Y.; Jiang, S. E.; Zhang, B. H.; He, X. T.

2018-05-01

Electromagnetic solitary waves generated by a two-color laser interaction with an underdense plasma are investigated. It is shown that, when the former wave packet of the two-color laser is intense enough, it will excite nonlinear wakefields and generate electron density cavities. The latter wave packets will beat with the nonlinear wakefield and generate both high-frequency and low-frequency components. When the peak density of the cavities exceeds the critical density of the low-frequency component, this part of the electromagnetic field will be trapped to generate electromagnetic solitary waves. By changing the laser and plasma parameters, we can control the wakefield generation, which will also control the generation of the solitary waves. One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to prove the controlling of the solitary waves. The simulation results also show that solitary waves generated by higher laser intensities will become moving solitary waves. The two-dimensional particle-in-cell also shows the generation of the solitary waves. In the two-dimensional case, solitary waves are distributed in the transverse directions because of the filamentation instability.

The Risk and Clinical and Molecular Characteristics of Breast Cancer in Women with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

of NF1: Pigmentary changes on skin and eyes (café au lait spots and Lisch nodules), bony dysplasia, scoliosis , short stature, macrocephaly, learning...17 7 Lisch nodules 106 44 Plexiform neurofibroma (PN) 57 23.5 Learning disability (LD) 86 35.5 Vasculopathy 97 40 Scoliosis 72

Aging and body size in solitary bees

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Solitary bees are important pollinators of crops and non-domestic plants. Osmia lignaria is a native, commercially-reared solitary bee used to maximize pollination in orchard crops. In solitary bees, adult body size is extremely variable depending on the nutritional resources available to the develo...

Segmental neurofibromatosis and cancer: report of triple malignancy in a woman with mosaic Neurofibromatosis 1 and review of neoplasms in segmental neurofibromatosis.

PubMed

Cohen, Philip R

2016-07-15

BackgroundSegmental neurofibromatosis, referred to as mosaic neurofibromatosis 1, patients present with neurofibromas or café au lait macules or both in a unilateral segment of the body.PurposeA woman with segmental neurofibromatosis and triple cancer (renal cell carcinoma, mixed thyroid carcinoma, and lentigo maligna) is described and cancers observed in patients with segmental neurofibromatosis are reviewed.MethodsPubMed was used to search the following terms, separately and in combination: cancer, malignancy, mosaic, neoplasm, neurofibroma, neurofibromatosis, segment, segmental, tumor.ResultsMalignancy (13 cancers) has been observed in 11 segmental neurofibromatosis patients; one patient had three different cancers. The most common neoplasms were of neural crest origin {malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (3 patients) and melanoma (3 patients)] and gastrointestinal tract origin [colon (1 patient) and gastric (1 patient)]. Breast cancer, Hodgkin lymphoma, lung cancer, kidney cancer, and thyroid cancer each occurred in one patient.ConclusionsSimilar to patients with von Recklinghausen neurofibromatosis 1, individuals with segmental neurofibromatosis also have a genodermatosis-associated increased risk of developing cancer.

An Update on Neurofibromatosis Type 1: Not Just Café-au-Lait Spots, Freckling, and Neurofibromas. An Update. Part I. Dermatological Clinical Criteria Diagnostic of the Disease.

PubMed

Hernández-Martín, A; Duat-Rodríguez, A

2016-01-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous syndrome and probably the one best known to dermatologists, who are generally the first physicians to suspect its diagnosis. Although the genetic locus of NF1 was identified on chromosome 17 in 1987, diagnosis of the disease is still mainly based on clinical observations and the diagnostic criteria of the National Institute of Health, dating from 1988. Cutaneous manifestations are particularly important because café-au-lait spots, freckling on flexural areas, and cutaneous neurofibromas comprise 3 of the 7 clinical diagnostic criteria. However, café-au-lait spots and freckling can also be present in other diseases. These manifestations are therefore not pathognomonic and are insufficient for definitive diagnosis in the early years of life. NF1 is a multisystemic disease associated with a predisposition to cancer. A multidisciplinary follow-up is necessary and dermatologists play an important role. Copyright © 2016 AEDV. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Spherical nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in Titan's atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Selim, M. M.

2016-03-01

Propagation of spherical nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in positive and negative ion plasmas with superthermal electrons is investigated. The effects of perturbations of the azimuthal and zenith-angle as well as the radial coordinate on the solitary wave profile are reported. The existence domains and the characteristics of the spherical solitary pulses are examined. The solitary excitations are found to be strongly dependent on the plasma parameters; the mass ratio of the positive-to-negative ions, electrons superthermality, and the spherical geometry. The role of superthermal electrons in formation of the spherical nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary excitations for two ion mass groups in Titan's upper atmosphere is investigated.

Defining Pleasure: A Focus Group Study of Solitary and Partnered Sexual Pleasure in Queer and Heterosexual Women.

PubMed

Goldey, Katherine L; Posh, Amanda R; Bell, Sarah N; van Anders, Sari M

2016-11-01

Solitary and partnered sexuality are typically depicted as fundamentally similar, but empirical evidence suggests they differ in important ways. We investigated how women's definitions of sexual pleasure overlapped and diverged when considering solitary versus partnered sexuality. Based on an interdisciplinary literature, we explored whether solitary pleasure would be characterized by eroticism (e.g., genital pleasure, orgasm) and partnered pleasure by nurturance (e.g., closeness). Via focus groups with a sexually diverse sample of women aged 18-64 (N = 73), we found that women defined solitary and partnered pleasure in both convergent and divergent ways that supported expectations. Autonomy was central to definitions of solitary pleasure, whereas trust, giving pleasure, and closeness were important elements of partnered pleasure. Both solitary and partnered pleasure involved exploration for self-discovery or for growing a partnered relationship. Definitions of pleasure were largely similar across age and sexual identity; however, relative to queer women, heterosexual women (especially younger heterosexual women) expressed greater ambivalence toward solitary masturbation and partnered orgasm. Results have implications for women's sexual well-being across multiple sexual identities and ages, and for understanding solitary and partnered sexuality as overlapping but distinct constructs.

Formation of wave packets in the Ostrovsky equation for both normal and anomalous dispersion

PubMed Central

Grimshaw, Roger; Stepanyants, Yury; Alias, Azwani

2016-01-01

It is well known that the Ostrovsky equation with normal dispersion does not support steady solitary waves. An initial Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave decays adiabatically through the radiation of long waves and is eventually replaced by an envelope solitary wave whose carrier wave and envelope move with different velocities (phase and group velocities correspondingly). Here, we examine the same initial condition for the Ostrovsky equation with anomalous dispersion, when the wave frequency increases with wavenumber in the limit of very short waves. The essential difference is that now there exists a steady solitary wave solution (Ostrovsky soliton), which in the small-amplitude limit can be described asymptotically through the solitary wave solution of a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, based at that wavenumber where the phase and group velocities coincide. Long-time numerical simulations show that the emergence of this steady envelope solitary wave is a very robust feature. The initial Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave transforms rapidly to this envelope solitary wave in a seemingly non-adiabatic manner. The amplitude of the Ostrovsky soliton strongly correlates with the initial Korteweg–de Vries solitary wave. PMID:26997887

Unstable solitary-wave solutions of the generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McKinney, W.R.; Restrepo, J.M.; Bona, J.L.

1994-06-01

The evolution of solitary waves of the gBBM equation is investigated computationally. The experiments confirm previously derived theoretical stability estimates and, more importantly, yield insights into their behavior. For example, highly energetic unstable solitary waves when perturbed are shown to evolve into several stable solitary waves.

Dental Informatics tool "SOFPRO" for the study of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Erlewad, Dinesh Masajirao; Mundhe, Kalpana Anandrao; Hazarey, Vinay K

2016-01-01

Dental informatics is an evolving branch widely used in dental education and practice. Numerous applications that support clinical care, education and research have been developed. However, very few such applications are developed and utilized in the epidemiological studies of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) which is affecting a significant population of Asian countries. To design and develop an user friendly software for the descriptive epidemiological study of OSF. With the help of a software engineer a computer program SOFPRO was designed and developed by using, Ms-Visual Basic 6.0 (VB), Ms-Access 2000, Crystal Report 7.0 and Ms-Paint in operating system XP. For the analysis purpose the available OSF data from the departmental precancer registry was fed into the SOFPRO. Known data, not known and null data are successfully accepted in data entry and represented in data analysis of OSF. Smooth working of SOFPRO and its correct data flow was tested against real-time data of OSF. SOFPRO was found to be a user friendly automated tool for easy data collection, retrieval, management and analysis of OSF patients.

Lipid profile in oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Mehrotra, Ravi; Pandya, Shruti; Chaudhary, Ajay Kumar; Singh, Himanshu Pratap; Jaiswal, Ritesh Kumar; Singh, Mangal; Gupta, S C; Singh, Mamta

2009-07-24

Changes in lipid profile have long been associated with malignancies as lipids play a key role in maintenance of cell integrity. This study evaluated the alterations in extended lipid profile in untreated patients of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and studied the correlation between lipid levels with tobacco consumption. In this hospital-based study, 65 clinically diagnosed and histopathologically proven patients of OSMF and 42 age and sex matched controls were studied. In these samples serum lipids including: (i) Total cholesterol, (ii) LDL cholesterol (LDLC), (iii) HDL cholesterol (HDLC) (iv) VLDL cholesterol (VLDLC) (v) triglycerides (vi) Apo-A1 (viii) Apo-B and (viii) LPa were analyzed. A significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, HDLC and Apo-A1 was observed in patients with OSMF as compared to the controls. Thus an inverse relationship between plasma lipid levels and patients was found in OSMF. The lower levels of plasma cholesterol and other lipid constituents in patients might be due to their increased utilization. The findings strongly warrant an in-depth study of alterations in plasma lipid profile in patients with oral precancerous conditions.

Evaluation of hearing deficit in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Devi, Parvathi; Singh, Ipsa; Setru, Ravindra; Tyagi, Kuber; Singh, Dharamveer; Thiyam, Bellona

2015-06-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well recognized premalignant condition predominantly affecting the oral cavity, but sometimes extending to the pharynx, esophagus or even the larynx. OSMF may lead to stiffness of the oral cavity, resulting in trismus and inability to eat, difficulty with speech or swallowing, pain in the throat and ears, and a relative loss of auditory acuity. To evaluate the hearing deficit in patients with OSMF, we examined a study group comprising 40 patients, and also 10 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. All of the subjects were evaluated for hearing loss by pure tone audiometry. The OSMF group showed a significant degree of hearing loss relative to the control group. OSMF in advanced stages was significantly associated with mild conductive hearing loss (P < 0.01). The present study revealed a significant association between OSMF and hearing deficit. Involvement of the palatal muscles with OSMF may decrease the patency of the Eustachian tube, leading to conductive hearing loss. Therefore, all patients with OSMF should be evaluated for hearing deficit and advised about appropriate treatment.

Transmission and reflection of strongly nonlinear solitary waves at granular interfaces.

PubMed

Tichler, A M; Gómez, L R; Upadhyaya, N; Campman, X; Nesterenko, V F; Vitelli, V

2013-07-26

The interaction of a solitary wave with an interface formed by two strongly nonlinear noncohesive granular lattices displays rich behavior, characterized by the breakdown of continuum equations of motion in the vicinity of the interface. By treating the solitary wave as a quasiparticle with an effective mass, we construct an intuitive (energy- and linear-momentum-conserving) discrete model to predict the amplitudes of the transmitted solitary waves generated when an incident solitary-wave front, parallel to the interface, moves from a denser to a lighter granular hexagonal lattice. Our findings are corroborated with simulations. We then successfully extend this model to oblique interfaces, where we find that the angle of refraction and reflection of a solitary wave follows, below a critical value, an analogue of Snell's law in which the solitary-wave speed replaces the speed of sound, which is zero in the sonic vacuum.

Transmission and Reflection of Strongly Nonlinear Solitary Waves at Granular Interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tichler, A. M.; Gómez, L. R.; Upadhyaya, N.; Campman, X.; Nesterenko, V. F.; Vitelli, V.

2013-07-01

The interaction of a solitary wave with an interface formed by two strongly nonlinear noncohesive granular lattices displays rich behavior, characterized by the breakdown of continuum equations of motion in the vicinity of the interface. By treating the solitary wave as a quasiparticle with an effective mass, we construct an intuitive (energy- and linear-momentum-conserving) discrete model to predict the amplitudes of the transmitted solitary waves generated when an incident solitary-wave front, parallel to the interface, moves from a denser to a lighter granular hexagonal lattice. Our findings are corroborated with simulations. We then successfully extend this model to oblique interfaces, where we find that the angle of refraction and reflection of a solitary wave follows, below a critical value, an analogue of Snell’s law in which the solitary-wave speed replaces the speed of sound, which is zero in the sonic vacuum.

Numerical study of interfacial solitary waves propagating under an elastic sheet

PubMed Central

Wang, Zhan; Părău, Emilian I.; Milewski, Paul A.; Vanden-Broeck, Jean-Marc

2014-01-01

Steady solitary and generalized solitary waves of a two-fluid problem where the upper layer is under a flexible elastic sheet are considered as a model for internal waves under an ice-covered ocean. The fluid consists of two layers of constant densities, separated by an interface. The elastic sheet resists bending forces and is mathematically described by a fully nonlinear thin shell model. Fully localized solitary waves are computed via a boundary integral method. Progression along the various branches of solutions shows that barotropic (i.e. surface modes) wave-packet solitary wave branches end with the free surface approaching the interface. On the other hand, the limiting configurations of long baroclinic (i.e. internal) solitary waves are characterized by an infinite broadening in the horizontal direction. Baroclinic wave-packet modes also exist for a large range of amplitudes and generalized solitary waves are computed in a case of a long internal mode in resonance with surface modes. In contrast to the pure gravity case (i.e without an elastic cover), these generalized solitary waves exhibit new Wilton-ripple-like periodic trains in the far field. PMID:25104909

A randomized control trial measuring the effectiveness of a mouth-exercising device for mucosal burning in oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Patil, Pravinkumar G; Hazarey, Vinay; Chaudhari, Rekha; Nimbalkar-Patil, Smita

2016-12-01

To evaluate effect of ice-cream stick exercise regimen with or without a mouth-exercising device (MED) on mucosal burning sensation in oral submucous fibrosis. In total, 282 patients with oral submucous fibrosis were treated with topical corticosteroid and oral antioxidant and the ice-cream stick exercise regimen. Patients in subgroups A1, A2, and A3 were additionally given a new MED. Patients in subgroups A1 and B1 patients with interincisal distance (IID) of 20 to 35 mm were managed without any additional therapy; patients in subgroups A2 and B2 with IID of 20 to 35 mm were additionally managed with intralesional injections; and those in subgroups A3 and B3 with IID less than 20 mm were managed surgically. Subjective evaluation of decrease in the oral mucosal burning was measured on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple post hoc analysis were carried out to present the results. Patients using the MED, that is, subgroups A1, A2, and A3, showed reduction in burning sensation in the range of 64.8% to 71.1% and 27.8% to 30.9%, whereas in subgroups B1, B2, and B3, reduction in burning sensation ranged from 64.7% to 69.9% and from 29.3% to 38.6% after 6 months. The wo-way analysis of variance indicated statistically significant results in changes in initial VAS scores to 6-monthly VAS scores between MED users and non-MED users. The MED helps to enhance the rate of reduction of mucosal burning sensation, in addition to the conventional ice-cream stick regimen, as an adjunct to local and surgical treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Calcium Imaging of Nerve-Mast Cell Signaling in the Human Intestine

PubMed Central

Buhner, Sabine; Barki, Natasja; Greiter, Wolfgang; Giesbertz, Pieter; Demir, Ihsan E.; Ceyhan, Güralp O.; Zeller, Florian; Daniel, Hannelore; Schemann, Michael

2017-01-01

Introduction: It is suggested that an altered microenvironment in the gut wall alters communication along a mast cell nerve axis. We aimed to record for the first time signaling between mast cells and neurons in intact human submucous preparations. Methods: We used the Ca2+ sensitive dye Fluo-4 AM to simultaneously image changes in intracellular calcium [Ca+2]i (%ΔF/F) in neurons and mast cells. Data are presented as median with interquartile ranges (25/75%). Results: We recorded nerve responses in 29 samples upon selective activation of 223 mast cells by IgE receptor cross linking with the antibody mAb22E7. Mast cells responded to mAb22E7 with a median [Ca+2]i increase of 20% (11/39) peaking 90 s (64/144) after the application. Only very few neurons responded and the median percentage of responding neuronal area was 0% (0/5.9). Mast cell activation remained in the presence of the fast sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin. Specific neuronal activation by transmural electrical field stimulation (EFS) in 34 samples evoked instantaneously [Ca+2]i signals in submucous neurons. This was followed by a [Ca+2]i peak response of 8%ΔF/F (4/15) in 33% of 168 mast cells in the field of view. The mast cell response was abolished by the nerve blocker tetrododoxin, reduced by the Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide receptor 1 antagonist BIBN-4096 and the Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide receptor antagonist PG97-269, but not by blockade of the neurokinin receptors 1–3. Conclusion: The findings revealed bidirectional signaling between mast cells and submucous neurons in human gut. In our macroscopically normal preparations a nerve to mast cell signaling was very prominent whereas a mast cell to nerve signaling was rather rare. PMID:29238306

Interaction for solitary waves in coasting charged particle beams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Shi-Wei; Hong, Xue-Ren; Shi, Yu-Ren

2014-03-15

By using the extended Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, the collision of solitary waves in a coasting charged particle beams is studied. The results show that the system admits a solution with two solitary waves, which move in opposite directions and can be described by two Korteweg-deVries equation in small-amplitude limit. The collision of two solitary waves is elastic, and after the interaction they preserve their original properties. Then the weak phase shift in traveling direction of collision between two solitary waves is derived explicitly.

Lack of a Common or Characteristic Cytogenetic Anomaly in Solitary Fibrous Tumor

PubMed Central

Torabi, Alireza; Lele, Subodh M.; DiMaio, Dominick; Pinnt, Jeffrey C.; Hess, Michelle M.; Nelson, Marilu; Bridge, Julia A

2008-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumor is a mesenchymal tumor that was initially described as a pleural-based lesion, but later was discovered in many other locations. The light microscopic appearance of solitary fibrous tumor may overlap with other diagnostic entities; however, consistent tumor cell CD34 immunoreactivity is useful in establishing the diagnosis. Limited data suggest that solitary fibrous tumors are karyotypically diverse; a common or characteristic anomaly has not yet emerged for this entity. In this report, cytogenetic analysis of two solitary fibrous tumors, one peritoneal and the other arising in the liver, revealed predominantly structural abnormalities in the former and numerical imbalances in the latter. Clonal karyotypic abnormalities were lacking in three additional solitary fibrous tumors. PMID:18262056

Vlasov Simulation of Electrostatic Solitary Structures in Multi-Component Plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Umeda, Takayuki; Ashour-Abdalla, Maha; Pickett, Jolene S.; Goldstein, Melvyn L.

2012-01-01

Electrostatic solitary structures have been observed in the Earth's magnetosheath by the Cluster spacecraft. Recent theoretical work has suggested that these solitary structures are modeled by electron acoustic solitary waves existing in a four-component plasma system consisting of core electrons, two counter-streaming electron beams, and one species of background ions. In this paper, the excitation of electron acoustic waves and the formation of solitary structures are studied by means of a one-dimensional electrostatic Vlasov simulation. The present result first shows that either electron acoustic solitary waves with negative potential or electron phase-space holes with positive potential are excited in four-component plasma systems. However, these electrostatic solitary structures have longer duration times and higher wave amplitudes than the solitary structures observed in the magnetosheath. The result indicates that a high-speed and small free energy source may be needed as a fifth component. An additional simulation of a five-component plasma consisting of a stable four-component plasma and a weak electron beam shows the generation of small and fast electron phase-space holes by the bump-on-tail instability. The physical properties of the small and fast electron phase-space holes are very similar to those obtained by the previous theoretical analysis. The amplitude and duration time of solitary structures in the simulation are also in agreement with the Cluster observation.

Differential Properties of Venom Peptides and Proteins in Solitary vs. Social Hunting Wasps

PubMed Central

Lee, Si Hyeock; Baek, Ji Hyeong; Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew

2016-01-01

The primary functions of venoms from solitary and social wasps are different. Whereas most solitary wasps sting their prey to paralyze and preserve it, without killing, as the provisions for their progeny, social wasps usually sting to defend their colonies from vertebrate predators. Such distinctive venom properties of solitary and social wasps suggest that the main venom components are likely to be different depending on the wasps’ sociality. The present paper reviews venom components and properties of the Aculeata hunting wasps, with a particular emphasis on the comparative aspects of venom compositions and properties between solitary and social wasps. Common components in both solitary and social wasp venoms include hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, metalloendopeptidase, etc. Although it has been expected that more diverse bioactive components with the functions of prey inactivation and physiology manipulation are present in solitary wasps, available studies on venom compositions of solitary wasps are simply too scarce to generalize this notion. Nevertheless, some neurotoxic peptides (e.g., pompilidotoxin and dendrotoxin-like peptide) and proteins (e.g., insulin-like peptide binding protein) appear to be specific to solitary wasp venom. In contrast, several proteins, such as venom allergen 5 protein, venom acid phosphatase, and various phospholipases, appear to be relatively more specific to social wasp venom. Finally, putative functions of main venom components and their application are also discussed. PMID:26805885

Dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with two kinds of nonthermal ions at different temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dorranian, Davoud; Sabetkar, Akbar

The nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with two nonthermal ion species at different temperatures is studied analytically. Using reductive perturbation method, the Kadomtsev-Petviashivili (KP) equation is derived, and the effects of nonthermal coefficient, ions temperature, and ions number density on the amplitude and width of soliton in dusty plasma are investigated. It is shown that the amplitude of solitary wave of KP equation diverges at critical points of plasma parameters. The modified KP equation is also derived, and from there, the soliton like solutions of modified KP equation with finite amplitude is extracted. Results show thatmore » generation of rarefactive or compressive solitary waves strongly depends on the number and temperature of nonthermal ions. Results of KP equation confirm that for different magnitudes of ions temperature (mass) and number density, mostly compressive solitary waves are generated in a dusty plasma. In this case, the amplitude of solitary wave is decreased, while the width of solitary waves is increased. According to the results of modified KP equation for some certain magnitudes of parameters, there is a condition for generation of an evanescent solitary wave in a dusty plasma.« less

MUC4 is a highly sensitive and specific marker for low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma.

PubMed

Doyle, Leona A; Möller, Emely; Dal Cin, Paola; Fletcher, Christopher D M; Mertens, Fredrik; Hornick, Jason L

2011-05-01

Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS) is a distinctive fibroblastic neoplasm that is characterized by alternating collagenous and myxoid areas, deceptively bland spindle cell morphology, a whorling architecture, and a t(7;16) translocation involving FUS and CREB3L2. Owing to variable morphology and a lack of discriminatory markers, LGFMS can be difficult to distinguish from benign mesenchymal tumors and other low-grade sarcomas. Gene expression profiling has identified differential upregulation of the mucin 4 (MUC4) gene in LGFMS compared with histologically similar tumors. MUC4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that functions in cell growth signaling pathways; aberrant MUC4 expression has been reported in various carcinomas. We investigated MUC4 protein expression by immunohistochemistry in LGFMS and in other soft tissue tumors to determine the potential diagnostic use of this novel marker. Whole-tissue sections of 309 tumors were evaluated: 49 LGFMSs (all with FUS gene rearrangement confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization), 40 soft tissue perineuriomas, 40 myxofibrosarcomas, 20 cellular myxomas, 20 solitary fibrous tumors, 20 low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 20 cases of desmoid fibromatosis, 20 neurofibromas, 20 schwannomas, 20 monophasic synovial sarcomas, 20 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 10 myxoid liposarcomas, and 10 extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. The LGFMS cases included 7 with marked hypercellularity, 4 with prominent hemangiopericytoma-like vessels, 3 with giant collagen rosettes, 3 with epithelioid morphology, 2 with focal nuclear pleomorphism, and 2 with areas of sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma. All 49 LGFMS cases (100%) showed cytoplasmic staining for MUC4, which was usually diffuse and intense. All the other tumor types were negative for MUC4, apart from 6 (30%) monophasic synovial sarcomas. In conclusion, MUC4 is a highly sensitive and quite specific immunohistochemical marker for LGFMS, and can be helpful to distinguish this tumor type from histologic mimics.

Phase portrait analysis of super solitary waves and flat top solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steffy, S. V.; Ghosh, S. S.

2018-06-01

The phase portrait analysis of super solitary waves has revealed a new kind of intermediate solution which defines the boundary between the two types of super solitary waves, viz., Type I and Type II. A Type I super solitary wave is known to be associated with an intermediate double layer while a Type II solution has no such association. The intermediate solution at the boundary has a flat top structure and is called a flat top solitary wave. Its characteristics resemble an amalgamation of a solitary wave and a double layer. It was found that, mathematically, such kinds of structures may emerge due to the presence of an extra nonlinearity. Although they are relatively unfamiliar in the realm of plasma physics, they have much wider applications in other physical systems.

The cruel and unusual phenomenology of solitary confinement.

PubMed

Gallagher, Shaun

2014-01-01

What happens when subjects are deprived of intersubjective contact? This paper looks closely at the phenomenology and psychology of one example of that deprivation: solitary confinement. It also puts the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement to use in the legal context. Not only is there no consensus on whether solitary confinement is a "cruel and unusual punishment," there is no consensus on the definition of the term "cruel" in the use of that legal phrase. I argue that we can find a moral consensus on the meaning of "cruelty" by looking specifically at the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement.

Solitary waves: a possible mechanism for rapid fluid transport in low permeability porous media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appold, Martin; Joshi, Ajit

2014-05-01

Elastic porous media in which the rate of fluid pressure generation is high relative to the rate of fluid pressure diffusion and whose permeabilities are a sensitive function of effective stress may generate solitary waves manifest as discrete pulses of elevated pore pressure and porosity that can travel at velocities that are orders of magnitude greater than the velocities of the pore fluids in the background Darcian flow regime. Solitary waves may thus be important vehicles for fluid transport through porous media whose permeabilities are otherwise too low to allow significant rates of flow. Solitary waves have been hypothesized for diverse geologic settings and processes, including magmatic hydrothermal ore formation, magma transport, fault slip in accretionary wedges and at transform plate boundaries, and primary hydrocarbon migration in sedimentary basins. The present study has focused on solitary waves as agents of oil and methane transport through numerical simulation of their origin and behavior. The results show solitary waves to have limited capacity for transporting oil for several reasons: (1) the rate of fluid pressure generation by typical mechanisms like compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon formation is too low to allow solitary waves to form unless permeability is exceptionally low (10-24 to 10-25 m2), (2) solitary waves are only able to ascend no more than 1-2 km before dissipating to ambient pressure and porosity values, (3) the waves are too small and the frequency of their formation is too low to account for the amount of oil observed in the reservoirs that they have been hypothesized to feed. Solitary waves have been found to be more effective at transporting methane because of its lower density and viscosity compared to oil, provided that a mechanism for rapid pressure generation exists and permeabilities are very low. If those conditions exist, then solitary waves can ascend over two kilometers at rates on the order of 100's of meters per year compared to millimeters per year for solitary waves transporting oil.

Solitary Plasmacytoma.

PubMed

Grammatico, Sara; Scalzulli, Emilia; Petrucci, Maria Teresa

2017-01-01

Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disease characterized by a localized proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells, without evidence of systemic disease. It can be subdivided into solitary bone plasmacytoma if the lesion originates in bone, or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma if the lesion involves a soft tissue. The incidence of solitary bone plasmacytoma is higher than solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Also, the prognosis is different: even if both forms respond well to treatment, overall survival and progression-free survival of solitary bone plasmacytoma are poorer than solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma due to its higher rate of evolution in multiple myeloma. However, the recent advances in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma can better refine also the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Flow cytometry studies and molecular analysis may reveal clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow; magnetic resonance imaging or 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography could better define osteolytic bone lesions. A more explicit exclusion of possible occult systemic involvement can avoid cases of misdiagnosed multiple myeloma patients, which were previously considered solitary plasmacytoma and less treated, with an unavoidable poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of the disease, there is no uniform consensus about prognostic factors and treatment. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice; however, some authors debate about the radiotherapy dose and the relationship with the response rate. Moreover, the role of surgery and chemotherapy is still under debate. Nevertheless, we must consider that the majority of studies include a small number of patients and analyze the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy; few cases are reported concerning the efficacy of novel agents.

Preclinical Mouse Models of Neurofibromatosis

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

in NF1 and NF2 Patients. Persons with NF1 are predisposed to benign neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, and to specific malignant neoplasms ...anatomic location. The malignant neoplasms seen in NF1 patients include astrocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), pheochromocytoma, and...hematopoietic cells results in a progressive myeloproliferative disorder. Blood 2004; 103: 4243-4250. Reilly KM, Tuskan RG, Christy E, Loisel DA

Driving Neurofibroma Formation in Mice

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

pirfenidone . Ratner, Nancy DAMD17-02-1-0679 5 BODY Task 1: Analysis of EGFR-expressing mouse. a. Define abnormalities in...EGFR-overexpressing mouse nerves (Year 1). b. Evaluate effects of: a specific EGFR receptor antagonist and c. an anti-fibrotic drug, pirfenidone ...considered significant. Task 1c, In Progress: Evaluate effects of an anti-fibrotic drug, pirfenidone . Our move to the Children’s Hospital Research

High-frequency ultrasound imaging for cutaneous neurofibroma in patients with neurofibromatosis type I.

PubMed

Raffin, Delphine; Zaragoza, Julia; Georgescou, Gabriella; Mourtada, Youssef; Maruani, Annabel; Ossant, Frédéric; Patat, Frédéric; Vaillant, Loïc; Machet, Laurent

2017-06-01

Neurofibromas (NFs) are benign tumours arising from a nerve sheath, which are present in nearly all patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). High-frequency ultrasound (HFU) systems, using frequencies over 20 MHz, were developed to improve visualization of skin tumours by means of increased resolution. To describe NFs by using HFU in patients with NF1. Anonymized HFU (25-MHz) images of NFs were randomized. Initially, two dermatologist investigators, with experience in HFU imaging of the skin, together described the ultrasound images and established eight criteria for NFs. The same task was then repeated by two other dermatologists, also with experience in HFU imaging of the skin, independently, to establish inter-observer agreement. A total of 108 NFs in 29 patients were included. Superficial and subcutaneous NFs were hypoechoic with a round to spindle shape. Plexiform NFs were ill-defined, consisting of multiple hypoechoic linear zones. Good to excellent inter-observer agreement was found for six of the eight criteria (k>0.6). This is the first series describing HFU skin imaging of NFs in patients with NF1. Lateral extension that may correspond to involvement of an adjacent nerve seems to be specific to NFs.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor Arising from Stomach: CT Findings

PubMed Central

Park, Sung Hee; Kwon, Jieun; Park, Jong-pil; Park, Mi-Suk; Lim, Joon Seok; Kim, Joo Hee; Kim, Ki Whang

2007-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumors are spindle-cell neoplasms that usually develop in the pleura and peritoneum, and rarely arise in the stomach. To our knowledge, there is only one case reporting a solitary fibrous tumor arising from stomach in the English literature. Here we report the case of a 26-year-old man with a large solitary fibrous tumor arising from the stomach which involved the submucosa and muscular layer and resembled a gastrointestinal stromal tumor in the stomach, based on what was seen during abdominal computed tomography. A solitary fibrous tumor arising from the stomach, although rare, could be considered as a diagnostic possibility for gastric submucosal tumors. PMID:18159603

The cruel and unusual phenomenology of solitary confinement

PubMed Central

Gallagher, Shaun

2014-01-01

What happens when subjects are deprived of intersubjective contact? This paper looks closely at the phenomenology and psychology of one example of that deprivation: solitary confinement. It also puts the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement to use in the legal context. Not only is there no consensus on whether solitary confinement is a “cruel and unusual punishment,” there is no consensus on the definition of the term “cruel” in the use of that legal phrase. I argue that we can find a moral consensus on the meaning of “cruelty” by looking specifically at the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement. PMID:24971072

Solitary Play: Some Functional Reconsiderations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Nancy V.; And Others

1974-01-01

Solitary play in six kindergarten children was observed and coded for frequency and type in order to resolve iscrepancies in a Sex Birth Order interaction. Several facts concerning solitary play as indicative of independence and maturity are noted. (Author/ED)

Generation of internal solitary waves by frontally forced intrusions in geophysical flows.

PubMed

Bourgault, Daniel; Galbraith, Peter S; Chavanne, Cédric

2016-12-06

Internal solitary waves are hump-shaped, large-amplitude waves that are physically analogous to surface waves except that they propagate within the fluid, along density steps that typically characterize the layered vertical structure of lakes, oceans and the atmosphere. As do surface waves, internal solitary waves may overturn and break, and the process is thought to provide a globally significant source of turbulent mixing and energy dissipation. Although commonly observed in geophysical fluids, the origins of internal solitary waves remain unclear. Here we report a rarely observed natural case of the birth of internal solitary waves from a frontally forced interfacial gravity current intruding into a two-layer and vertically sheared background environment. The results of the analysis carried out suggest that fronts may represent additional and unexpected sources of internal solitary waves in regions of lakes, oceans and atmospheres that are dynamically similar to the situation examined here in the Saguenay Fjord, Canada.

Rebamipide to Manage Stomatopyrosis in Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

PubMed

Baptist, Joanna; Shakya, Shrijana; Ongole, Ravikiran

2016-12-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) causes progressive debilitating symptoms, such as oral burning sensation (stomatopyrosis) and limited mouth opening. The standard of care (SOC) protocol includes habit cessation, intralesional steroid and hyaluronidase injections, and mouth opening exercises. The objective of the study was to evaluate efficacy of rebamipide in alleviating burning sensation of the oral mucosa in OSF in comparison with SOC intralesional steroid injections. Twenty OSF patients were divided into two groups [rebamipide (100 mg TID for 21 days) and betamethasone (4 mg/mL biweekly for 4 weeks)] of 10 each by random sampling. Burning sensation was assessed every week for 1 month. Burning sensation scores were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t-test. Change in burning sensation score was significant (p < 0.05) in the first four visits. However, score between the 4th and 5th visit was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Our study has shown that rebamipide can be considered as an effective modality to manage burning sensation in patients suffering from OSF. Considering stomatopyrosis and trismus as a major cause for inability to eat in OSF, use of newer adjunctive modalities, such as rebamipide will ease patients suffering and also encourage them to consume food.

Dental Informatics tool “SOFPRO” for the study of oral submucous fibrosis

PubMed Central

Erlewad, Dinesh Masajirao; Mundhe, Kalpana Anandrao; Hazarey, Vinay K

2016-01-01

Background: Dental informatics is an evolving branch widely used in dental education and practice. Numerous applications that support clinical care, education and research have been developed. However, very few such applications are developed and utilized in the epidemiological studies of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) which is affecting a significant population of Asian countries. Aims and Objectives: To design and develop an user friendly software for the descriptive epidemiological study of OSF. Materials and Methods: With the help of a software engineer a computer program SOFPRO was designed and developed by using, Ms-Visual Basic 6.0 (VB), Ms-Access 2000, Crystal Report 7.0 and Ms-Paint in operating system XP. For the analysis purpose the available OSF data from the departmental precancer registry was fed into the SOFPRO. Results: Known data, not known and null data are successfully accepted in data entry and represented in data analysis of OSF. Smooth working of SOFPRO and its correct data flow was tested against real-time data of OSF. Conclusion: SOFPRO was found to be a user friendly automated tool for easy data collection, retrieval, management and analysis of OSF patients. PMID:27601808

Serum-based diagnostic prediction of oral submucous fibrosis using FTIR spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rai, Vertika; Mukherjee, Rashmi; Routray, Aurobinda; Ghosh, Ananta Kumar; Roy, Seema; Ghosh, Barnali Paul; Mandal, Puspendu Bikash; Bose, Surajit; Chakraborty, Chandan

2018-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is found to have the highest malignant potentiality among all other pre-cancerous lesions. However, its detection prior to tissue biopsy can be challenging in clinics. Moreover, biopsy examination is invasive and painful. Hence, there is an urgent need of new technology that facilitates accurate diagnostic prediction of OSF prior to biopsy. Here, we used FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric techniques to distinguish the serum metabolic signatures of OSF patients (n = 30) and healthy controls (n = 30). Serum biochemical analyses have been performed to further support the FTIR findings. Absorbance intensities of 45 infrared wavenumbers differed significantly between OSF and normal serum FTIR spectra representing alterations in carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. Nineteen prominent significant wavenumbers (P ≤ 0.001) at 1020, 1025, 1035, 1039, 1045, 1078, 1055, 1100, 1117, 1122, 1151, 1169, 1243, 1313, 1398, 1453, 1544, 1650 and 1725 cm- 1 provided excellent segregation of OSF spectra from normal using multivariate statistical techniques. These findings provided essential information on the metabolic features of blood serum of OSF patients and established that FTIR spectroscopy coupled with chemometric analysis can be potentially useful in the rapid and accurate preoperative screening/diagnosis of OSF.

Coming to America: betel nut and oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Aziz, Shahid R

2010-04-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an insidious precancerous disease affecting the oral cavity, pharynx and upper digestive tract. Its etiology is linked directly to betel nut use, which is common to the Indian subcontinent. With the increase in immigration of people from the Indian subcontinent to the United States, many American dental professionals will encounter this disease in the near future. The author provides a general overview of OSF. The author provides a literature review of OSF, including its epidemiology, etiology, clinical presentation, histopathology and treatment modalities. OSF is a precancerous oral disease linked definitively to the use of betel nut. It is endemic to people in the Indian subcontinent. Patients' primary complaint is progressive trismus. Treatment is based on disease severity. OSF is a debilitating but preventable oral disease. Its incidence in the United States will increase as the South Asian immigrant population expands. Consequently, American dental professionals may encounter patients with this disease, and it is important that they are aware of it. In addition, for dental care professionals practicing in a South Asian American community, public health education is important to inform the population about the deleterious oral health effects of betel nut consumption.

Mouth-opening device as a treatment modality in trismus patients with head and neck cancer and oral submucous fibrosis: a prospective study.

PubMed

Li, Yu-Hsuan; Chang, Wei-Chin; Chiang, Tien-En; Lin, Chiun-Shu; Chen, Yuan-Wu

2018-04-26

This study investigated the clinical effectiveness of intervention with an open-mouth exercise device designed to facilitate maximal interincisal opening (MIO) and improve quality of life in patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Sixty patients with H&N cancer, OSF, and trismus (MIO < 35 mm) participated in the functional rehabilitation program. An open-mouth exercise device intervention group and conventional group, each consisting of 20 patients, underwent a 12-week training and exercising program and follow-up. For the control group, an additional 20 patients were randomly selected to match the demographic characteristics of the aforementioned two groups. The patients' MIO improvements in the aforementioned three groups were 14.0, 10.5, and 1.3 mm, respectively. Results of this study confirm the significant improvement in average mouth-opening range. In addition, according to patient feedback, significant improvements in health-related quality of life and reductions in trismus symptoms occurred in the open-mouth exercise device group. This newly designed open-mouth exercise device can facilitate trismus patients with H&N cancer and OSF and improve mouth-opening range and quality of life.

A qualitative and quantitative study on the enkephalinergic innervation of the pig gastrointestinal tract.

PubMed

Porcher, C; Julé, Y; Henry, M

2000-03-01

Enkephalins are involved in neural control of digestive functions such as motility, secretion, and absorption. To better understand their role in pigs, we analyzed the qualitative and quantitative distribution of enkephalin immunoreactivity (ENK-IR) in components of the intestinal wall from the esophagus to the anal sphincter. Immunohistochemical labelings were analyzed using conventional fluorescence and confocal microscopy. ENK-IR was compared with the synaptophysin immunoreactivity (SYN-IR). The results show that maximal ENK-IR levels in the entire digestive tract are reached in the myenteric plexuses and, to a lesser extent, in the external submucous plexus and the circular muscle layer. In the longitudinal muscle layer, ENK-IR was present in the esophagus, stomach, rectum, and anal sphincter, whereas it was absent from the duodenum to the distal colon. In the ENK-IR plexuses and muscle layers, more than 60% of the nerve fibers identified by SYN-IR expressed ENK-IR. No ENK-IR was observed in the internal submucous plexus and the mucosa; the latter was found to contain ENK-IR endocrine cells. These results strongly suggest that, in pigs, enkephalins play a major role in the regulatory mechanisms that underlie the neural control of digestive motility.

Limited mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis: reasons, ramifications, and remedies.

PubMed

Sharma, Mohit; Radhakrishnan, Raghu

2017-07-01

Limited mouth opening (LMO) in oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) has been attributed to both the submucosal and muscle fibrosis (MF). While reflectory trismus was proposed before as an auxiliary mechanism by another group, the stretch-mediated muscle damage (MSD), histopathological changes in blood vessels (such as endothelial dysfunction, endothelial hypertrophy, and endarteritis obliterans), and upregulated anaerobic isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) have been proposed by us as complementary events leading to MF. Additionally, the amount of hypoxia-mediated upregulation of anaerobic isoforms of LDH determines the extent of MF. Radiotherapy (RT)-mediated release of reactive oxygen species causes vascular damage thereby worsening hypoxia. While the alteration in LDH levels secondary to hypoxia enhances fibrosis, RT worsens it. Oral squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the background of OSF is an absolute contraindication for RT as it augurs unfavorable prognosis. An algorithm to demonstrate this with evidence is clearly depicted. The role of HIF-1α in the progression of OSF and its malignant transformation, and the consideration of hyperbaric oxygen therapy as a therapeutic remedy in OSF are underscored. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

A pilot study on Ayurvedic management of oral submucous fibrosis

PubMed Central

Patel, Kundan R.; Rajagopala, Manjusha; Vaghela, Dharmendrasinh B.; Shah, Ashok

2015-01-01

Introduction: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a well-recognized potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity. Various medical and surgical treatment modalities have been used in modern science, but results are not satisfactory owing to recurrence, adverse effects, and sometimes worsening the condition. On analyzing the disease condition with Ayurvedic approach, it seems to be nearer to Vata-Pitta dominant chronic Sarvasara Mukharoga and needs to be treated at local as well as systemic level. Aim: To evaluate the effect of proposed Ayurvedic treatment protocol in the patients of OSMF. Materials and Methods: It was an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial with black box design comprising of holistic Ayurvedic approach in which 22 patients of OSMF completed the treatment. In all of them after Koshthashuddhi (mild purgation) and Shodhana Nasya (errhine therapy); Pratisarana (external application) with Madhupippalyadi Yoga, Kavala (gargling) with Ksheerabala Taila and internally Rasayana Yoga were given for 2 months and followed for 1 month. Results: It revealed statistically highly significant relief in almost all signs and symptoms as well in inter incisal distance improvement. Furthermore, sustained relief was found in follow-up. Conclusion: Ayurvedic treatment protocol is effective in the management of OSMF. PMID:26730136

A pilot study on Ayurvedic management of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Patel, Kundan R; Rajagopala, Manjusha; Vaghela, Dharmendrasinh B; Shah, Ashok

2015-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a well-recognized potentially premalignant condition of the oral cavity. Various medical and surgical treatment modalities have been used in modern science, but results are not satisfactory owing to recurrence, adverse effects, and sometimes worsening the condition. On analyzing the disease condition with Ayurvedic approach, it seems to be nearer to Vata-Pitta dominant chronic Sarvasara Mukharoga and needs to be treated at local as well as systemic level. To evaluate the effect of proposed Ayurvedic treatment protocol in the patients of OSMF. It was an open-label nonrandomized clinical trial with black box design comprising of holistic Ayurvedic approach in which 22 patients of OSMF completed the treatment. In all of them after Koshthashuddhi (mild purgation) and Shodhana Nasya (errhine therapy); Pratisarana (external application) with Madhupippalyadi Yoga, Kavala (gargling) with Ksheerabala Taila and internally Rasayana Yoga were given for 2 months and followed for 1 month. It revealed statistically highly significant relief in almost all signs and symptoms as well in inter incisal distance improvement. Furthermore, sustained relief was found in follow-up. Ayurvedic treatment protocol is effective in the management of OSMF.

Hysteroscopic Morcellation of Submucous Myomas: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Sapia, Fabrizio; Rapisarda, Agnese Maria Chiara; Valenti, Gaetano; Santangelo, Fabrizia; Rossetti, Diego; Sarpietro, Giuseppe; La Rosa, Valentina Lucia; Triolo, Onofrio; Noventa, Marco; Gizzo, Salvatore

2017-01-01

Hysteroscopic surgery is the actual gold standard treatment for several types of intrauterine pathologies, including submucous myomas (SMs). To date, the availability of Hysteroscopic Tissue Removal systems (HTRs) opened a new scenario. Based on these elements, the aim of this article is to review the available evidence about HTRs for the management of SMs. We included 8 papers (3 prospective studies and 5 retrospective studies). A total of 283 women underwent intrauterine morcellation of SM: 208 were treated using MyoSure and 75 using Truclear 8.0. Only 3 articles reported data about procedures performed in outpatient/office setting. Only half of the included studies included type 2 SMs. HTRs significantly reduced operative time compared to traditional resectoscopy in some studies, whereas others did not find significant differences. Despite the availability of few randomized controlled trials and the cost of the instrument, according to our systematic review, the use of HTRs seems to be a feasible surgical option in terms of operative time and complications. Nevertheless, the type of SM still remains the biggest challenge: type 0 and 1 SMs are easier to manage with respect to type 2, reflecting what already is known for the “classic” hysteroscopic myomectomy. PMID:28948169

The Intra Uterine Morcellator: a new hysteroscopic operating technique to remove intrauterine polyps and myomas.

PubMed

Emanuel, Mark Hans; Wamsteker, Kees

2005-01-01

A new hysteroscopic operating technique was compared retrospectively with conventional resectoscopy. Retrospective comparison (Canadian Task Force Classification II-2). Gynecology department of a university-affiliated teaching hospital. Fifty-five women, 27 with endometrial polyps and 28 with submucous myomas. Patients were treated with a prototype of the Intra Uterine Morcellator (IUM). This cutting device, 35 cm in length, was inserted into a straight working channel of a 90-mm hysteroscope. The major advantages were ease of removal of tissue fragments through the instrument and the use of saline solution instead of electrolyte-free solutions used in monopolar high-frequency resectoscopy. The mean operating time was 8.7 minutes (95% CI: 7.3-10.1) for the removal of endometrial polyps compared with 30.9 minutes (CI: 27.0-34.8) for resectoscopy, and 16.4 minutes (CI: 12.6-20.2) for submucous myomas compared with 42.2 minutes (CI: 39.7-44.7) for resectoscopy. All procedures were uneventful. This new technique is faster, and it appears to be easier to perform. Therefore, it can be expected to result in fewer fluid-related complications and to lead to a shorter learning curve when compared with conventional resectoscopy.

Pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma: report of a rare tumor and comparison with solitary fibrous tumor.

PubMed

Yamazaki, Kazuto; Eyden, Brian P

2007-01-01

Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor showing areas of lipid-containing cells admixed with a spindle-cell component. Like other hemangiopericytomas, it shows a similar vascular pattern to solitary fibrous tumor and, partly for this reason, it and other hemangiopericytomas have been subsumed into solitary fibrous tumor. The present study provides a comprehensive documentation of a single case of pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma of the lung, the first to be described at this site, and compares it with solitary fibrous tumor, in terms of clinical, histological, immunohistochemical, ultrastructural, and cytogenetic findings. Apart from the lipid-laden-cell component, pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumor were similar histologically. Bcl-2 was positive in both. CD34 was minimally expressed in pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma, which possessed some non-descriptive intercellular junctions, a feature shared by solitary fibrous tumor, which was CD34 positive. However, one of the latter was rich in gap junctions, a feature consistent with strong connexin (Cx) 43 staining and the existence, hitherto unappreciated, of a CD34/Cx43-positive tumor cell network. In pulmonary lipomatous hemangiopericytoma, chromosomal deletions of 43-44, X, -Y were found. In solitary fibrous tumor, 46, XY, del(13)(q?) abnormalities and abnormalities involving chromosome 10 were frequently observed. These similarities and differences are discussed in the context of the currently favored diagnostic fusion of hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumor.

Clinical and radiographic features of solitary and cemento-osseous dysplasia-associated simple bone cysts.

PubMed

Chadwick, J W; Alsufyani, N A; Lam, E W N

2011-05-01

The simple bone cyst (SBC) is a pseudocyst that can occur as a solitary entity in the jaws or may occur in association with cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic features of solitary and COD-associated SBCs. Archived imaging reports from the Special Procedures Clinic in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Toronto between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 2009 revealed 23 COD-associated SBCs and 68 solitary SBCs. Almost all solitary and COD-associated SBCs were found in the mandible. Furthermore, 87.0% of COD-associated SBCs were found in females in their fifth decade of life (P < 0.001) while solitary SBCs were found in equal numbers in both sexes in their second decade of life (P < 0.005). COD-associated SBCs were also more likely to cause thinning of the endosteal cortex, bone expansion and scalloping of the superior border between teeth (all P < 0.001) than solitary SBCs that are classically described as having these characteristics. Finally, COD-associated SBC demonstrated a loss of lamina dura more often (P < 0.05) than solitary SBCs. Knowledge of the sporadic association between COD and SBC and their potential radiographic appearances should prevent inappropriate treatment and management of these patients.

Differential expression of estrogen receptor α and β isoforms in multiple and solitary leiomyomas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shao, Ruyue; Fang, Liaoqiong; Xing, Ruoxi

Uterine leiomyomas are benign myometrial neoplasms that function as one of the common indications for hysterectomy. Clinical and biological evidences indicate that uterine leiomyomas are estrogen-dependent. Estrogen stimulates cell proliferation through binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), of which both subtypes α and β are present in leiomyomas. Clinically, leiomyomas may be singular or multiple, where the first one is rarely recurring if removed and the latter associated to a relatively young age or genetic predisposition. These markedly different clinical phenotypes indicate that there may different mechanism causing a similar smooth muscle response. To investigate the relative expression of ERαmore » and ERβ in multiple and solitary uterine leiomyomas, we collected samples from 35 Chinese women (multiple leiomyomas n = 20, solitary leiomyoma n = 15) undergoing surgery to remove uterine leiomyomas. ELISA assay was performed to detect estrogen(E{sub 2}) concentration. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect ERα and ERβ mRNA expression. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to detect ERα and ERβ protein expression. We found that ERα mRNA and protein levels of in multiple leiomyomas were significantly lower than those of solitary leiomyomas, whereas ERβ mRNA and protein levels in multiple leiomyomas were significantly higher than those in solitary leiomyomas, irrespectively of the menstrual cycle stage. In both multiple and solitary leiomyomas, ERα expression was higher than that of ERβ. E{sub 2} concentration in multiple and solitary leiomyomas correlated with that of ERα expression. ERα was present in nuclus and cytoplasma while estrogen receptor β localized only in nuclei in both multiple and solitary leiomyomas. Our findings suggest that the difference of ERα and ERβ expression between multiple and solitary leiomyomas may be responsible for the course of the disease subtypes. - Highlights: • In both multiple and solitary leiomyomas, ERα expression was higher than that of ERβ. • ERα was significantly lower, whereas ERβ was significantly higher in multiple leiomyomas than that in solitary leiomyomas. • The differential expression of ERα and ERβ may be responsible for the cause of the disease subtypes.« less

On the interaction of small-scale linear waves with nonlinear solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chengzhu; Stastna, Marek

2017-04-01

In the study of environmental and geophysical fluid flows, linear wave theory is well developed and its application has been considered for phenomena of various length and time scales. However, due to the nonlinear nature of fluid flows, in many cases results predicted by linear theory do not agree with observations. One of such cases is internal wave dynamics. While small-amplitude wave motion may be approximated by linear theory, large amplitude waves tend to be solitary-like. In some cases, when the wave is highly nonlinear, even weakly nonlinear theories fail to predict the wave properties correctly. We study the interaction of small-scale linear waves with nonlinear solitary waves using highly accurate pseudo spectral simulations that begin with a fully nonlinear solitary wave and a train of small-amplitude waves initialized from linear waves. The solitary wave then interacts with the linear waves through either an overtaking collision or a head-on collision. During the collision, there is a net energy transfer from the linear wave train to the solitary wave, resulting in an increase in the kinetic energy carried by the solitary wave and a phase shift of the solitary wave with respect to a freely propagating solitary wave. At the same time the linear waves are greatly reduced in amplitude. The percentage of energy transferred depends primarily on the wavelength of the linear waves. We found that after one full collision cycle, the longest waves may retain as much as 90% of the kinetic energy they had initially, while the shortest waves lose almost all of their initial energy. We also found that a head-on collision is more efficient in destroying the linear waves than an overtaking collision. On the other hand, the initial amplitude of the linear waves has very little impact on the percentage of energy that can be transferred to the solitary wave. Because of the nonlinearity of the solitary wave, these results provide us some insight into wave-mean flow interaction in a fully nonlinear framework.

Preclinical Mouse Models of Neurofibromatosis

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

Patients. Persons with NF1 are predisposed to benign neurofibromas, optic nerve gliomas, and to specific malignant neoplasms . Individuals with NF1...malignant neoplasms seen in NF1 patients include astrocytoma, malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST), pheochromocytoma, and juvenile...Kras in hematopoietic cells initiates a rapidly fatal myeloproliferative disorder. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004;101(2):597-602. 14. Chan IT, Kutok JL

Crossing of identical solitary waves in a chain of elastic beads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manciu, Marian; Sen, Surajit; Hurd, Alan J.

2001-01-01

We consider a chain of elastic beads subjected to vanishingly weak loading conditions, i.e., the beads are barely in contact. The grains repel upon contact via the Hertz-type potential, V~δn, n>2, where δ>=0, δ being the grain-grain overlap. Our dynamical simulations build on several earlier studies by Nesterenko, Coste, and Sen and co-workers that have shown that an impulse propagates as a solitary wave of fixed spatial extent (dependent only upon n) through a chain of Hertzian beads and demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that colliding solitary waves in the chain spawn a well-defined hierarchy of multiple secondary solitary waves, which is ~ 0.5% of the energy of the original solitary waves. Our findings have interesting parallels with earlier observations by Rosenau and colleagues [P. Rosenau and J. M. Hyman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 564 (1993); P. Rosenau, ibid. 73, 1737 (1994); Phys. Lett. A 211, 265 (1996)] regarding colliding compactons. To the best of our knowledge, there is no formal theory that describes the dynamics associated with the formation of secondary solitary waves. Calculations suggest that the formation of secondary solitary waves may be a fundamental property of certain discrete systems.

Interactions of large amplitude solitary waves in viscous fluid conduits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lowman, Nicholas K.; Hoefer, M. A.; El, G. A.

2014-07-01

The free interface separating an exterior, viscous fluid from an intrusive conduit of buoyant, less viscous fluid is known to support strongly nonlinear solitary waves due to a balance between viscosity-induced dispersion and buoyancy-induced nonlinearity. The overtaking, pairwise interaction of weakly nonlinear solitary waves has been classified theoretically for the Korteweg-de Vries equation and experimentally in the context of shallow water waves, but a theoretical and experimental classification of strongly nonlinear solitary wave interactions is lacking. The interactions of large amplitude solitary waves in viscous fluid conduits, a model physical system for the study of one-dimensional, truly dissipationless, dispersive nonlinear waves, are classified. Using a combined numerical and experimental approach, three classes of nonlinear interaction behavior are identified: purely bimodal, purely unimodal, and a mixed type. The magnitude of the dispersive radiation due to solitary wave interactions is quantified numerically and observed to be beyond the sensitivity of our experiments, suggesting that conduit solitary waves behave as "physical solitons." Experimental data are shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of the reduced model. Experimental movies are available with the online version of the paper.

Solitary Wave in One-dimensional Buckyball System at Nanoscale

PubMed Central

Xu, Jun; Zheng, Bowen; Liu, Yilun

2016-01-01

We have studied the stress wave propagation in one-dimensional (1-D) nanoscopic buckyball (C60) system by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quantitative modeling. Simulation results have shown that solitary waves are generated and propagating in the buckyball system through impacting one buckyball at one end of the buckyball chain. We have found the solitary wave behaviors are closely dependent on the initial temperature and impacting speed of the buckyball chain. There are almost no dispersion and dissipation of the solitary waves (stationary solitary wave) for relatively low temperature and high impacting speed. While for relatively high temperature and low impacting speed the profile of the solitary waves is highly distorted and dissipated after propagating several tens of buckyballs. A phase diagram is proposed to describe the effect of the temperature and impacting speed on the solitary wave behaviors in buckyball system. In order to quantitatively describe the wave behavior in buckyball system, a simple nonlinear-spring model is established, which can describe the MD simulation results at low temperature very well. The results presented in this work may lay a solid step towards the further understanding and manipulation of stress wave propagation and impact energy mitigation at nanoscale. PMID:26891624

Electrostatic solitary waves generated by beam injection in LAPD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, L.; Gekelman, W. N.; Lefebvre, B.; Kintner, P. M.; Pickett, J. S.; Pribyl, P.; Vincena, S. T.

2011-12-01

Spacecraft data have revealed that electrostatic solitary waves are ubiquitous in non-equilibrium collisionless space plasmas. These solitary waves are often the main constituents of the observed electrostatic turbulence. The ubiquitous presence of these solitary waves in space motivated laboratory studies on their generation and evolution in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) at UCLA. In order to observe these structures, microprobes with scale sizes of order of the Debye length (30 microns) had to be built using Mems technology. A suprathermal electron beam was injected into the afterglow plasma, and solitary waves as well as nonlinear wave packets were measured. The solitary waves are interpreted as BGK electron holes based on their width, amplitude, and velocity characteristics. The ensuing turbulence, including the solitary waves and wave packets, exhibits a band dispersion relation with its central line consistent with the electrostatic whistler mode. One surprise brought by the laboratory experiments is that the electron holes were not generated through resonant two-stream instabilities, but likely through an instability due to parallel currents. The characteristics of the LAPD electron holes and those observed in space will be compared to motivate further theoretical, simulation, and experimental work.

Clinical, pathological and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple ground-glass opacity nodules: comparison with solitary ground-glass opacity nodule.

PubMed

Kim, Tae Jung; Goo, Jin Mo; Lee, Kyung Won; Park, Chang Min; Lee, Hyun Ju

2009-05-01

To retrospectively compare the clinical, pathological, and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules with those of solitary GGO nodules. Histopathologic specimens were obtained from 193 GGO nodules in 136 patients (87 women, 49 men; mean age, 57; age range 33-81). The clinical data, pathologic findings, and thin-section CT features of multiple and solitary GGO nodules were compared by using t-test or Fisher's exact test. Multiple GGO nodules (n=105) included atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) (n=31), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (n=33), adenocarcinoma (n=34) and focal interstitial fibrosis (n=7). Solitary GGO nodules included AAH (n=8), BAC (n=15), adenocarcinoma (n=55) and focal interstitial fibrosis (n=10). AAH (P=.001) and BAC (P=.029) were more frequent in multiple GGO nodules, whereas adenocarcinoma (P<.001) was more frequent in solitary GGO nodules. Female sex (P<.001), nonsmoker (P=.012) and multiple primary lung cancers (P<.001) were more frequent for multiple GGO nodules, which were smaller (12 mm+/-7.9) than solitary GGO nodules (17 mm+/-8.1) (P<.001). Air-bronchogram (P=.019), bubble-lucency (P=.004), and pleural retraction (P<.001) were more frequent in solitary GGO nodules. There was no postoperative recurrence except for one patient with multiple GGO nodules and one with solitary GGO nodule. Clinical, pathological, and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple GGO nodules were found to differ from those of solitary GGO nodules. Nevertheless, the two nodule types can probably be followed up and managed in a similar manner because their prognoses were found to be similar.

Linear and nonlinear dust ion acoustic solitary waves in a quantum dusty electron-positron-ion plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Emadi, E.; Zahed, H.

2016-08-15

The behavior of linear and nonlinear dust ion acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in an unmagnetized quantum dusty plasma, including inertialess electrons and positrons, ions, and mobile negative dust grains, are studied. Reductive perturbation and Sagdeev pseudopotential methods are employed for small and large amplitude DIA solitary waves, respectively. A minimum value of the Mach number obtained for the existence of solitary waves using the analytical expression of the Sagdeev potential. It is observed that the variation on the values of the plasma parameters such as different values of Mach number M, ion to electron Fermi temperature ratio σ, and quantummore » diffraction parameter H can lead to the creation of compressive solitary waves.« less

TREATMENT OF DYSENTERY IN EXPERIMENTAL RADIATION SICKNESS (in Russian)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brodskaya, E.A.; Emaikina, V.P.; Kostritsa, A.G.

1959-01-01

Experiments with 53 cats (one group exposed to 275 r and the other to 500 r and infected with the Flexner dysentery) showed that the exposure to 275 r did not change the general condition of the cats while the 800 r resulted in a sharp rise of temperature, dirrhea, heavy dystrophic-necrotic changes in the intestines, and peculiar mucous and submucous processes. (R.V.J.)

A survey of nutrition and health status of solitary and non-solitary elders in taiwan.

PubMed

Hsieh, Y M; Sung, T S; Wan, K S

2010-01-01

To compare the effects of living alone versus living in a group setting on the health, nutrition, personal cognition and general living function of a group of elderly Taiwanese. We also hypothesized that older adults living alone would have poorer indices of function and health than would elderly persons living in a group setting. We conducted a cross-sectional validation study of 360 men and women older than 65 y. The subjects were 120 solitary (living alone) elders and 240 were non-solitary elders. Both groups completed a series of questionnaires, including the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs/Barthel scales), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs/Lawton scales), Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire (SPMSQ), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The participants were then administered by specially trained field workers. Blood samples were taken and body mass index, and mid-arm and calf circumferences were measured. The results for each group were statistically analyzed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The nutritional and health status of the solitary elders, especially males, was poor compared to that of the non-solitary elders. In the solitary elders group, the average scores on the NSI, MNA, ADL, IADL, SPMSQ, and GDS were: 4.6, 23.7, 95.6, 7.6, 0.5, and 13%, respectively. Solitary elders, especially males, have a significantly increased risk of poor nutrition (MNA < 24), poor health status, impaired cognition, and impaired activities of daily living.

Self-similarity of solitary waves on inertia-dominated falling liquid films.

PubMed

Denner, Fabian; Pradas, Marc; Charogiannis, Alexandros; Markides, Christos N; van Wachem, Berend G M; Kalliadasis, Serafim

2016-03-01

We propose consistent scaling of solitary waves on inertia-dominated falling liquid films, which accurately accounts for the driving physical mechanisms and leads to a self-similar characterization of solitary waves. Direct numerical simulations of the entire two-phase system are conducted using a state-of-the-art finite volume framework for interfacial flows in an open domain that was previously validated against experimental film-flow data with excellent agreement. We present a detailed analysis of the wave shape and the dispersion of solitary waves on 34 different water films with Reynolds numbers Re=20-120 and surface tension coefficients σ=0.0512-0.072 N m(-1) on substrates with inclination angles β=19°-90°. Following a detailed analysis of these cases we formulate a consistent characterization of the shape and dispersion of solitary waves, based on a newly proposed scaling derived from the Nusselt flat film solution, that unveils a self-similarity as well as the driving mechanism of solitary waves on gravity-driven liquid films. Our results demonstrate that the shape of solitary waves, i.e., height and asymmetry of the wave, is predominantly influenced by the balance of inertia and surface tension. Furthermore, we find that the dispersion of solitary waves on the inertia-dominated falling liquid films considered in this study is governed by nonlinear effects and only driven by inertia, with surface tension and gravity having a negligible influence.

Solitary Learner in Online Collaborative Learning: A Disappointing Experience?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ke, Fengfeng; Carr-Chellman, Alison

2006-01-01

Research suggests that the solitary learner's learning preferences might be a mismatch with collaborative instructional settings. A question is therefore posed: "In online learning environments that require collaboration, how do solitary learners experience their own learning?" It is important to answer this question to understand and…

Secrets in the Bedroom: Adolescents' Private Use of Media.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larson, Reed

1995-01-01

The functions of solitary media use in the daily emotional lives of adolescents are discussed, suggesting that solitary television watching and music listening give adolescents an opportunity to explore and cultivate a newly discovered private self. Solitary media experiences provide an important context for dealing with stress and negative…

Mother-Child Play: Children with Down Syndrome and Typical Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Venuti, P.; de Falco, S.; Esposito, G.; Bornstein, Marc H.

2009-01-01

Child solitary and collaborative mother-child play with 21 children with Down syndrome and 33 mental-age-matched typically developing children were compared. In solitary play, children with Down syndrome showed less exploratory but similar symbolic play compared to typically developing children. From solitary to collaborative play, children with…

Collision of Identical Solitary Waves in Hertzian Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sen, Surajit; Manciu, Marian; Hurd, Alan J.

2000-03-01

We consider a chain of elastic beads, which repel upon contact according to the non-linear Hertz potential. We further assume that the chain is under zero loading, i.e., the grains have zero initial overlap. We show via careful numerical solution of the equations of motion that an impulse propagates as a solitary wave and that the collision of identical solitary waves propagating in opposite directions along the chain spawns a hierarchy of multiple weak solitary waves [1]. [1] M. Manciu, S. Sen and A.J. Hurd, Phys Lett A (submitted).

Characterizing and Comparing the Friendships of Anxious-Solitary and Unsociable Preadolescents

PubMed Central

Ladd, Gary W.; Kochenderfer-Ladd, Becky; Eggum, Natalie D.; Kochel, Karen P.; McConnell, Erin M.

2012-01-01

Friendships matter for withdrawn youth because the consequences of peer isolation are severe. From a normative sample of 2,437 fifth-graders (1,245 females; M age = 10.25), a subset (n = 1364; 638 female) was classified into three groups (anxious-solitary, unsociable, comparison) and followed across a school year. Findings indicated that it was more common for unsociable than anxious-solitary children to have friends, be stably friended, and participate in multiple friendships. For withdrawn as well as non-withdrawn children, peer rejection predicted friendlessness, but this relation was strongest for anxious-solitary children. The friends of unsociable youth were more accepted by peers than those of anxious-solitary youth. The premise that friendship inhibits peer victimization was substantiated for withdrawn as well as non-withdrawn youth. PMID:21883155

Body Image in Dyadic and Solitary Sexual Desire: The Role of Encoding Style and Distracting Thoughts.

PubMed

Dosch, Alessandra; Ghisletta, Paolo; Van der Linden, Martial

2016-01-01

This study explored the link between body image and desire to engage in sexual activity (dyadic and solitary desire) in adult women living in a long-term couple relationship. Moreover, it considered two psychological factors that may underlie such a link: the occurrence of body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity and encoding style (i.e., the tendency to rely on preexisting internal schemata versus external information at encoding). A total of 53 women (29 to 47 years old) in heterosexual relationships completed questionnaires assessing sexual desire (dyadic, solitary), body image, body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity, and encoding style. Results showed that poor body image was associated with low dyadic and solitary sexual desire. Body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity mediated the link between body image and solitary (but not dyadic) sexual desire. Finally, the mediation of body-related distracting thoughts between body image and solitary sexual desire was moderated by encoding style. A negative body image promoted the occurrence of body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity, especially in internal encoders. Our study highlights the importance of body image, distracting thoughts, and encoding style in women's solitary sexuality and suggests possible factors that may reduce the impact of those body-related factors in dyadic sexual desire.

Solitary cannabis use in adolescence as a correlate and predictor of cannabis problems.

PubMed

Creswell, Kasey G; Chung, Tammy; Clark, Duncan B; Martin, Christopher S

2015-11-01

Most adolescent cannabis use occurs in social settings among peers. Solitary cannabis use during adolescence may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior with important implications for understanding risk for cannabis problems. This longitudinal study examined associations of adolescent solitary cannabis use with levels of cannabis use and problems in adolescence and in young adulthood. Cannabis using-adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited from clinical programs (n=354; 43.8% female; 83.3% Caucasian) and community sources (n=93; 52.7% female; 80.6% Caucasian). Participants reported on cannabis use patterns and diagnostic symptoms at baseline and multiple follow-ups into young adulthood. Compared to social-only users, adolescent solitary cannabis users were more likely to be male and reported more frequent cannabis use and more DSM-IV cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms. Regression analyses showed that solitary cannabis use in adolescence predicted CUD symptom counts in young adulthood (age 25) after controlling for demographic variables and the frequency of adolescent cannabis use. However, solitary adolescent cannabis use was no longer predictive of age 25 CUD symptoms after additionally controlling for adolescent CUD symptoms. Solitary cannabis use is associated with greater cannabis use and problems during adolescence, but evidence is mixed that it predicts young adult cannabis problems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Characterization of Neurofibromas of the Skin and Spinal Roots in a Mouse Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

renewal program of stem/progenitor cells can cause tumorigenesis. By utilizing genetically engineered mouse models of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1...pathetic ganglia and adrenal medulla and died at birth (Gitler et al., 2003). To circumvent early lethality of the Nf1NC mice, we utilized a previously...Supplemental experimental procedures Tissue Processing For histological analysis, we utilized both paraffin sections and frozen sections. For both

Extradural hemangioma mimicking a dumbbell nerve sheath tumor in the thoracolumbar spine: Case report.

PubMed

Chachan, Sourabh; Bin Abd Razak, H R; Loo, W Lim; Tan, C Sheng; Dinesh, S K

2017-01-01

Extradural hemangiomas are rare, have varied and challenging clinical presentations, and require special considerations from the management point of view. A 70-year-old female presented with back pain that was ultimately attributed to a thoracolumbar extra-dural "dumbbell" hemangioma. Following surgical resection, the patient did well. Extradural hemangiomas may present as spinal extradural soft tissue masses that must be differentiated from dumbbell neurofibroma.

Giant elephantiasis neuromatosa in the setting of neurofibromatosis type 1: A case report

PubMed Central

PONTI, GIOVANNI; PELLACANI, GIOVANNI; MARTORANA, DAVIDE; MANDEL, VICTOR DESMOND; LOSCHI, PIETRO; POLLIO, ANNAMARIA; PECCHI, ANNARITA; DEALIS, CRISTINA; SEIDENARI, STEFANIA; TOMASI, ALDO

2016-01-01

Elephantiasis neuromatosa (EN) can arise from a plexiform neurofibroma of the superficial and deep nerves developing from a hyperproliferation of the perineural connective tissue infiltrating adjacent fat and muscles. To date, the clinical association between EN and neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) has been poorly defined, particularly with regard to the role of lymphatic alterations and the consequent lymphedema. The present study reports the clinical and biomolecular features of EN in a NF1 patient with the clear clinical diagnostic criteria of multiple cafè-au-lait macules, neurofibromas, EN, a positive family history and a novel NF1 germline c.1541_1542del mutation. Lymphoscintigraphy (LS) highlighted marked dermal backflow in the affected limb, hypertrophy of the ipsilateral inguinal and external iliac lymph nodes, and a bilateral lower limb lymph flow delay. These data support the hypothesis that an extensive hyperproliferative process involving perineural connective, limb soft tissues, bones and the lymphatic system can be responsible for EN in NF1 patients, on the basis of adipocyte metaplasia triggered by lymphostasis and lymphedema, and bone overgrowth and gigantism caused by chronic hyperemia. LS and magnetic resonance imaging can be efficacious tools in the diagnosis and clinical characterization of the early onset of the disease. PMID:27284375

Spinal neurofibromatosis in a family with classical neurofibromatosis type 1 and a novel NF1 gene mutation.

PubMed

Nicita, Francesco; Torrente, Isabella; Spalice, Alberto; Bottillo, Irene; Papetti, Laura; Pinna, Valentina; Ursitti, Fabiana; Ruggieri, Martino

2014-02-01

Familial spinal neurofibromatosis (FSNF) is a rare form of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) characterized by multiple, histologically proven neurofibromas of the spinal roots leaving no intact segments and associated neurofibromas of major peripheral nerves. It is sometimes associated with other NF1 stigmata. Most patients have NF1 gene mutations. We describe a patient who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for spinal neurofibromatosis and belonged to a family in which other affected members exhibited classical NF1 stigmata. A novel missense (c.7109 T>A; p.Val2370Asp) mutation in exon 39 of the NF1 gene was present in the affected family members. The family displayed extreme phenotypic variability in the spectrum of NF1. To our knowledge, this is the first patient with spinal neurofibromatosis in the context of classical NF1 with an NF1 gene mutation. The term FSNF is inaccurate as this condition simply reflects the typical autosomal dominant pattern of NF1 inheritance with phenotypoc variability and does not encompass patients with sporadic disease or those in the context of a classical NF1 phenotype as reported in the present family. The term could be replaced by "spinal neurofibromatosis". Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Finite Element Studies of Solitary Waves in Granular Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musson, Ryan W.

Solitary wave propagation in a monodisperse metallic granular chain was simulated using the finite element method. The model was built to address a discrepancy between numerical and experimental results from Lazaridi and Nesterenko (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 26 [3] 405-408 1985). In their work, solitary waves were generated in a chain of particles through impact of a piston, and results were quantified by comparing the chains' reactions to a rigid wall. Their numerical calculations resulted in a solitary wave with a force amplitude of 83 N, while it was measured experimentally to be 71 N. In the present work, the configuration of the granular chain and piston was duplicated from Lazaridi and Nesterenko (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 26 [3] 405-408 1985). Qualitatively similar solitary waves were produced, and von Mises stress values indicated that localized plastic deformation is possible, even at low piston impact velocities. These results show that localized plastic deformation was a likely source of dissipation in experiments performed by Lazaridi and Nesterenko. Solitary wave response was investigated in the same metallic granular chain-piston system using LS-DYNA. A power-law hardening material model was used to show that localized plastic deformation is present in the metallic granular chain, even for an impact velocity of 0.5 m/s. This loss due to plastic deformation was quantified via impulse, and it was shown that the loss scales nearly linearly with impact velocity. Therefore, metallic grains may not be suitable for devices that require high amplitude solitary waves. There would be too much energy lost to plastic deformation. The response of an aluminum oxide granular chain was subsequently compared to that of a steel chain because ceramics are inherently elastic. It was shown that solitary waves travel faster and the initial peak is slightly lower when compared to a steel chain. The response of granular chains to impulse loading was investigated as a function of material properties. COMSOL Multiphysics was used to study the effect of density and elastic modulus on a granular chain with fixed Poisson's ratio. Solitary wave velocity and amplitude increased with elastic modulus. Increasing density caused a decrease in wave velocity and an increase in amplitude. In addition, higher density granular chains exhibited a decrease in the number of solitary waves in their respective solitary wave trains. LS-DYNA was then used to explore the response of a variety of ceramic and metallic granular chains. Density, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio were all set to representative values for the respective material. It was shown that solitary wave development and decay occur at different rates for different materials. In addition, the kinetic energy decay of the impactor was slower for glass compared with tungsten. Finally, it was shown that a single solitary wave with no train could be produced by impacting a high density, high modulus chain such as tungsten with a glass piston, which has relatively low density and elastic modulus. Increasing impact velocity for this case resulted in a single high-amplitude solitary wave with no train.

Self-deflection of a bright soliton in a separate bright-dark spatial soliton pair based on a higher-order space charge field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jin-Song; Hao, Zhong-Hua

2003-10-01

The self-deflection of a bright solitary beam can be controlled by a dark solitary beam via a parametric coupling effect between the bright and dark solitary beams in a separate bright-dark spatial soliton pair supported by an unbiased series photorefractive crystal circuit. The spatial shift of the bright solitary beam centre as a function of the input intensity of the dark solitary beam (hat rho) is investigated by taking into account the higher-order space charge field in the dynamics of the bright solitary beam via both numerical and perturbation methods under steady-state conditions. The deflection amount (Deltas0), defined as the value of the spatial shift at the output surface of the crystal, is a monotonic and nonlinear function of hat rho. When hat rho is weak or strong enough, Deltas0 is, in fact, unchanged with hat rho, whereas Deltas0 increases or decreases monotonically with hat rho in a middle range of hat rho. The corresponding variation range (deltas) depends strongly on the value of the input intensity of the bright solitary beam (r). There are some peak and valley values in the curve of deltas versus r under some conditions. When hat rho increases, the bright solitary beam can scan toward both the direction same as and opposite to the crystal's c-axis. Whether the direction is the same as or opposite to the c-axis depends on the parameter values and configuration of the crystal circuit, as well as the value of r. Some potential applications are discussed.

Listening to the environment: hearing differences from an epigenetic effect in solitarious and gregarious locusts.

PubMed

Gordon, Shira D; Jackson, Joseph C; Rogers, Stephen M; Windmill, James F C

2014-11-22

Locusts display a striking form of phenotypic plasticity, developing into either a lone-living solitarious phase or a swarming gregarious phase depending on population density. The two phases differ extensively in appearance, behaviour and physiology. We found that solitarious and gregarious locusts have clear differences in their hearing, both in their tympanal and neuronal responses. We identified significant differences in the shape of the tympana that may be responsible for the variations in hearing between locust phases. We measured the nanometre mechanical responses of the ear's tympanal membrane to sound, finding that solitarious animals exhibit greater displacement. Finally, neural experiments signified that solitarious locusts have a relatively stronger response to high frequencies. The enhanced response to high-frequency sounds in the nocturnally flying solitarious locusts suggests greater investment in detecting the ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats, to which they are more vulnerable than diurnally active gregarious locusts. This study highlights the importance of epigenetic effects set forth during development and begins to identify how animals are equipped to match their immediate environmental needs.

Experimental evidence of solitary wave interaction in Hertzian chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santibanez, Francisco; Munoz, Romina; Caussarieu, Aude; Job, Stéphane; Melo, Francisco

2011-08-01

We study experimentally the interaction between two solitary waves that approach one another in a linear chain of spheres interacting via the Hertz potential. When these counterpropagating waves collide, they cross each other and a phase shift in respect to the noninteracting waves is introduced as a result of the nonlinear interaction potential. This observation is well reproduced by our numerical simulations and is shown to be independent of viscoelastic dissipation at the bead contact. In addition, when the collision of equal amplitude and synchronized counterpropagating waves takes place, we observe that two secondary solitary waves emerge from the interacting region. The amplitude of the secondary solitary waves is proportional to the amplitude of incident waves. However, secondary solitary waves are stronger when the collision occurs at the middle contact in chains with an even number of beads. Although numerical simulations correctly predict the existence of these waves, experiments show that their respective amplitudes are significantly larger than predicted. We attribute this discrepancy to the rolling friction at the bead contact during solitary wave propagation.

Extracranial metastasizing solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) of meninges: histopathological features of a case with long-term follow-up.

PubMed

Gessi, Marco; Gielen, Gerrit H; Roeder-Geyer, Eva-Dorette; Sommer, Clemens; Vieth, Michael; Braun, Veit; Kuchelmeister, Klaus; Pietsch, Torsten

2013-02-01

Extrapleural solitary fibrous tumors are uncommon mesenchymal neoplasms frequently observed in middle-aged adults and are classified, according to the WHO classification of soft tissue tumors, as part of the hemangiopericytoma tumor group. However, these two entities remain separated in the WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system. In fact, meningeal solitary fibrous tumors are believed to be benign lesion and only in a minority of cases local relapses have been described, although detailed survival clinical studies on solitary fibrous tumors of meninges are rare. In contrast to hemangiopericytoma, which frequently shows distant extracranial metastases, such an event is exceptional in patients with meningeal solitary fibrous tumors and has been clinically reported in a handful of cases only and their histopathological features have not been investigated in detail. In this report, we describe the detailed clinico-pathological features of a meningeal solitary fibrous tumor presenting during a 17-year follow-up period, multiple intra-, extracranial relapses and lung metastases. © 2012 Japanese Society of Neuropathology.

Ion acoustic solitary wave with weakly transverse perturbations in quantum electron-positron-ion plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mushtaq, A.; Khan, S. A.; Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

2007-05-15

The characteristics and stability of ion acoustic solitary wave with transverse perturbations are examined in ultracold quantum magnetospheric plasma consisting of electrons, positrons, and ions. Using the quantum hydrodynamic model, a dispersion relation in the linear regime, and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in the nonlinear regime are derived. The quantum corrections are studied through quantum statistics and diffraction effects. It is found that compressive solitary wave can propagate in this system. The quantum effects are also studied graphically for both linear and nonlinear profiles of ion acoustic wave. Using energy consideration method, conditions for existence of stable solitary waves are obtained.more » It is found that stable solitary waves depend on quantum corrections, positron concentration, and direction cosine of the wave vector k along the x axis.« less

Solitary states for coupled oscillators with inertia.

PubMed

Jaros, Patrycja; Brezetsky, Serhiy; Levchenko, Roman; Dudkowski, Dawid; Kapitaniak, Tomasz; Maistrenko, Yuri

2018-01-01

Networks of identical oscillators with inertia can display remarkable spatiotemporal patterns in which one or a few oscillators split off from the main synchronized cluster and oscillate with different averaged frequency. Such "solitary states" are impossible for the classical Kuramoto model with sinusoidal coupling. However, if inertia is introduced, these states represent a solid part of the system dynamics, where each solitary state is characterized by the number of isolated oscillators and their disposition in space. We present system parameter regions for the existence of solitary states in the case of local, non-local, and global network couplings and show that they preserve in both thermodynamic and conservative limits. We give evidence that solitary states arise in a homoclinic bifurcation of a saddle-type synchronized state and die eventually in a crisis bifurcation after essential variation of the parameters.

Spatiotemporal optical dark X solitary waves.

PubMed

Baronio, Fabio; Chen, Shihua; Onorato, Miguel; Trillo, Stefano; Wabnitz, Stefan; Kodama, Yuji

2016-12-01

We introduce spatiotemporal optical dark X solitary waves of the (2+1)D hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), which rules wave propagation in a self-focusing and normally dispersive medium. These analytical solutions are derived by exploiting the connection between the NLSE and a well-known equation of hydrodynamics, namely the type II Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP-II) equation. As a result, families of shallow water X soliton solutions of the KP-II equation are mapped into optical dark X solitary wave solutions of the NLSE. Numerical simulations show that optical dark X solitary waves may propagate for long distances (tens of nonlinear lengths) before they eventually break up, owing to the modulation instability of the continuous wave background. This finding opens a novel path for the excitation and control of X solitary waves in nonlinear optics.

Solitary states for coupled oscillators with inertia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaros, Patrycja; Brezetsky, Serhiy; Levchenko, Roman; Dudkowski, Dawid; Kapitaniak, Tomasz; Maistrenko, Yuri

2018-01-01

Networks of identical oscillators with inertia can display remarkable spatiotemporal patterns in which one or a few oscillators split off from the main synchronized cluster and oscillate with different averaged frequency. Such "solitary states" are impossible for the classical Kuramoto model with sinusoidal coupling. However, if inertia is introduced, these states represent a solid part of the system dynamics, where each solitary state is characterized by the number of isolated oscillators and their disposition in space. We present system parameter regions for the existence of solitary states in the case of local, non-local, and global network couplings and show that they preserve in both thermodynamic and conservative limits. We give evidence that solitary states arise in a homoclinic bifurcation of a saddle-type synchronized state and die eventually in a crisis bifurcation after essential variation of the parameters.

Oral submucous fibrosis: A clinico-histopathological correlational study.

PubMed

Biradar, Sudharani Basawaraj; Munde, Anita Dnyanoba; Biradar, Basawaraj Chanabasappa; Shaik, Safia Shoeb; Mishra, Shweta

2018-01-01

The aim of this study was to correlate the clinical staging (clinical severity) with the histopathological staging (histopathological changes) of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients, which would further assist the clinicians to formulate a definite treatment plan. The study group consisted of 50 subjects who were clinically and histologically diagnosed as OSF. Detailed information was gathered in a pretested proforma with emphasis on the various addictions. The clinical findings were noted; punch biopsy was performed followed by histological examination. Clinical and histological staging were divided into four stages, as Stages I-IV according to Khanna and Andrade classification. The 50 subjects were in the age range of 18-70 years, of which 20 patients were in clinical Group III, 15 were in histopathological stage III, 2, 1, and 2 in Stage II, Stage I, and Stage IV, respectively, out of 5 patients in clinical Group IV, 4 were in histopathological staging IV and 1 was in Stage III, out of 5 patients in clinical Group I, 3 and 2 were in histologic Stages II and I, respectively. Statistical analysis with Chi-square test showed high significance with P < 0.001. The correlation of clinical and histopathological staging was found to be highly significant, thus suggesting that the subject with clinically advanced OSF had extensive fibrosis histologically.

Estimation of serum malondialdehyde and assessment of DNA damage using comet assay in patients with oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Paulose, Swetha; Rangdhol, Vishwanath; Ramesh, Ramasamy; Jeelani, Siccandar Ali; Brooklyin, Sivakumar

2016-08-01

To quantify the level of serum malondialdehyde and extent of DNA damage using comet assay in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (SMF) in comparison to normal individuals and to correlate the extent of DNA damage with MDA levels. Study included 30 cases of SMF (n = 30) and equal number of healthy volunteers. Serum malondialdehyde was measured using the thiobarbituric-trichloroacetitic acid (TBA-TCA) method. Comet assay was used to assess the DNA damage. Association between the extent of DNA damage and serum MDA levels was analyzed in SMF statistically. Comet assay results showed that there was an increase in tail length, percentage of tail DNA and tail moment among SMF subjects (P < 0.05). Serum MDA levels were elevated in SMF patients compared with healthy subjects. A significant positive correlation was observed between serum MDA levels and comet tail length in SMF group (r = 0.56; P < 0.05). Patients with SMF have increased DNA damage and elevated levels of lipid peroxidation compared with healthy controls. Evaluation of MDA levels as an oxidative biomarker along with comet assay analysis will serve as a diagnostic tool to identify patients with high risk of malignant potential in SMF. © 2015 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

In vivo native fluorescence spectroscopy and nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide/flavin adenine dinucleotide reduction and oxidation states of oral submucous fibrosis for chemopreventive drug monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivabalan, Shanmugam; Vedeswari, C. Ponranjini; Jayachandran, Sadaksharam; Koteeswaran, Dornadula; Pravda, Chidambaranathan; Aruna, Prakasa Rao; Ganesan, Singaravelu

2010-01-01

Native fluorescence spectroscopy has shown potential to characterize and diagnose oral malignancy. We aim at extending the native fluorescence spectroscopy technique to characterize normal and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients under pre- and post-treated conditions, and verify whether this method could also be considered in the monitoring of therapeutic prognosis noninvasively. In this study, 28 normal subjects and 28 clinically proven cases of OSF in the age group of 20 to 40 years are diagnosed using native fluorescence spectroscopy. The OSF patients are given dexamethasone sodium phosphate and hyaluronidase twice a week for 6 weeks, and the therapeutic response is monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence emission spectra of normal and OSF cases of both pre- and post-treated conditions are recorded in the wavelength region of 350 to 600 nm at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The statistical significance is verified using discriminant analysis. The oxidation-reduction ratio of the tissue is also calculated using the fluorescence emission intensities of flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide at 530 and 440 nm, respectively, and they are compared with conventional physical clinical examinations. This study suggests that native fluorescence spectroscopy could also be extended to OSF diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis.

Intralesional corticosteroids as a treatment for restricted mouth opening in oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Tilakaratne, Wanninayake M; Ekanayaka, Rasika P; Herath, Manjula; Jayasinghe, Ruwan D; Sitheeque, Mohaideen; Amarasinghe, Hemantha

2016-08-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral mucosa, associated with an increased risk of malignancy. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of intralesional corticosteroid injection as a treatment modality for OSF. We also studied the correlation between the treatment outcome and a number of individual variables. A total of 230 histologically confirmed patients with OSF were included in the study, of which 116 patients with a 30 mm or less interincisal mouth opening were subjected to intralesional injections of 40 mg methylprednisolone at monthly intervals for 6 consecutive months. The effect of the treatment was assessed by evaluating the degree of improvement in mouth opening. All patients included in the study had a history of chewing areca nut. In paired comparison, statistically significant difference (t = -8.78; df = 115; P < .001) was observed in mouth opening over a period of 12 months in the patients who had corticosteroid injections. Intralesional corticosteroid injection is one of the most widely implemented interventions for OSF at present, particularly for those patients with palpable fibrous bands. The present study provides justification for the use of corticosteroids in improving mouth opening. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Salivary Flow Rate and pH Among Areca Nut Chewers and Oral Submucous Fibrosis Subjects: A Comparative Study.

PubMed

Abdul Khader, Nishat Fatima; Dyasanoor, Sujatha

2015-09-01

To assess and compare the salivary flow rate (SFR) and salivary pH among areca nut chewers, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients and apparently healthy individuals. A comparative study was conducted to assess and compare the SFR and pH among 135 outpatients (45 areca nut chewers + 45 OSMF + 45 control) at The Oxford Dental College and Research Hospital, Bangalore, India. Subjects were interviewed using structural proforma and Modified Schirmer strips and pH paper were implemented for assessing SFR and pH respectively. Statistical analysis was done using IBM SPSS ver. 21.0 software. A statistically significant increase in SFR (35.7 mm at 3rd minutes) among areca nut group and a decrease in SFR among OSMF group (23.4 mm at 3rd minutes) when compared to apparently healthy subjects (30.7 mm at 3rd minutes). The mean pH among areca nut, OSMF and control groups was 6.76, 6.82, and 6.74 respectively with no statistical significance. The observation and findings of the study clearly showed hypersalivation among areca nut group and hyposalivation among OSMF group, with no significant change in salivary pH when compared to healthy subjects.

Role of drinking water copper in pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: a prospective case control study.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Hunasgi, Santosh; Colbert, Serryth; Merkx, M A W; Brennan, Peter A

2014-07-01

Although oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is thought to be multifactorial in origin, the chewing of areca nut is thought to be the main cause. Alkaloids and tannins in areca nut are responsible for fibrosis, but recent evidence has suggested that copper ions are also an important mediator, and in a small pilot study we recently found that OSMF was significantly associated with a raised concentration of copper in drinking water. We have further investigated this association in a heterogeneous population in Hyderabad-Karnataka, India, a region with a high incidence of the condition. We evaluated 3 groups, each of 100 patients: those with OSMF who chewed gutkha, those who chewed gutkha but did not have OSMF, and healthy controls who did not chew gutkha. The difference between the groups in the mean concentration of copper in water measured by atomic absorption spectrometry was significant (p<0.001). There were also significant differences between the groups in mean concentrations of serum copper, salivary copper, and ceruloplasmin (p<0.001). Our results confirm that copper in drinking water contributes to the pathogenesis of OSMF, but ingestion of copper is unlikely to be the sole cause. Copyright © 2014 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

MALDI imaging reveals NCOA7 as a potential biomarker in oral squamous cell carcinoma arising from oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Xie, Xiaoyan; Jiang, Yuchen; Yuan, Yao; Wang, Peiqi; Li, Xinyi; Chen, Fangman; Sun, Chongkui; Zhao, Hang; Zeng, Xin; Jiang, Lu; Zhou, Yu; Dan, Hongxia; Feng, Mingye; Liu, Rui; Chen, Qianming

2016-09-13

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) ranks among the most common cancer worldwide, and is associated with severe morbidity and high mortality. Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), characterized by fibrosis of the mucosa of the upper digestive tract, is a pre-malignant lesion, but the molecular mechanisms underlying this malignant transformation remains to be elucidated. In this study, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI-IMS)-based proteomic strategy was employed to profile the differentially expressed peptides/proteins between OSCC tissues and the corresponding adjacent non-cancerous OSF tissues. Sixty-five unique peptide peaks and nine proteins were identified with altered expression levels. Of them, expression of NCOA7 was found to be up-regulated in OSCC tissues by immunohistochemistry staining and western blotting, and correlated with a pan of clinicopathologic parameters, including lesion site, tumor differentiation status and lymph node metastasis. Further, we show that overexpression of NCOA7 promotes OSCC cell proliferation in either in vitro or in vivo models. Mechanistic study demonstrates that NCOA7 induces OSCC cell proliferation probably by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The present study suggests that NCOA7 is a potential biomarker for early diagnosis of OSF malignant transformation, and leads to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for OSCC development.

Quantitative evaluation of micronuclei in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral submucous fibrosis patients: a comparative study.

PubMed

Shah, Shreyas N; Manjunatha, Bhari S; Shah, Vandana S; Dagrus, Kapil; Soni, Nishit; Shah, Sanjiv

2015-01-01

The forte of research today aims at determining genotoxic changes in human cells as rapidly as possible. Micronuclei estimation in exfoliated cells is an easy, noninvasive and a reliable method to monitor genotoxic changes due to various reasons in oral mucosal cells. To identify, quantify and compare micronuclei in exfoliated buccal mucosal cells of healthy, oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) participants. In the present study, buccal smears from the 60 participants (30 each of OSMF and OSCC) and 30 age and sex matched controls were obtained and stained using Papanicolaou (PAP) staining method and observed under 100X magnification to identify and quantify micronuclei in the exfoliated cells of oral mucosa. There was a significant increase in micronuclei count from control to OSMF to OSCC. Also, a significant increase in the micronuclei frequency is observed with the different clinical stages and histological grades of OSMF and different histological grades of OSCC. Micronucleus assay can be used as an easy and consistent marker for genotoxic evaluation in higher risk groups and can be used for better treatment evaluation and prognosis in cases of OSMF and OSCC. Some relevant patents are also outlined in this article.

A Patient with Four-Year Survival after Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma with a Solitary Metachronous Small Bowel Metastasis

PubMed Central

Kant, Klaas M.; Noordhoek Hegt, Vincent; Aerts, Joachim G. J. V.

2010-01-01

Solitary small bowel metastasis secondary to lung cancer is very uncommon. In this report, we present a patient with NSCLC and a metachronous solitary metastasis of the jejunum. She is alive without evidence of disease and doing well four years after palliative surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a prolonged survival in a patient with a symptomatic solitary small bowel metastasis treated with palliative surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy instead of complete surgical resection. PMID:20224647

Solitary plasmacytoma of the mandible: A rare case report

PubMed Central

Sharma, Naresh Kumar; Singh, Akhilesh Kumar; Pandey, Arun; Verma, Vishal

2015-01-01

Plasmacytoma is a monoclonal, neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that usually arises within bone marrow or soft tissue sites. It can involve either a single bone (solitary) or multiple bones. Solitary plasmacytoma has a predisposition for the red marrow-containing axial skeleton and is most frequently seen in the thoracic vertebrae, followed by the ribs, sternum, clavicle, or scapula. Its presence in the jaws is extremely rare. We present a case of a 54-year-old female with a well-defined radiolucency of the body region of the mandible later diagnosed as solitary plasmacytoma. PMID:26668458

Solitary mammals provide an animal model for autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Reser, Jared Edward

2014-02-01

Species of solitary mammals are known to exhibit specialized, neurological adaptations that prepare them to focus working memory on food procurement and survival rather than on social interaction. Solitary and nonmonogamous mammals, which do not form strong social bonds, have been documented to exhibit behaviors and biomarkers that are similar to endophenotypes in autism. Both individuals on the autism spectrum and certain solitary mammals have been reported to be low on measures of affiliative need, bodily expressiveness, bonding and attachment, direct and shared gazing, emotional engagement, conspecific recognition, partner preference, separation distress, and social approach behavior. Solitary mammals also exhibit certain biomarkers that are characteristic of autism, including diminished oxytocin and vasopressin signaling, dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system, increased Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity to social encounters, and reduced HPA activity to separation and isolation. The extent of these similarities suggests that solitary mammals may offer a useful model of autism spectrum disorders and an opportunity for investigating genetic and epigenetic etiological factors. If the brain in autism can be shown to exhibit distinct homologous or homoplastic similarities to the brains of solitary animals, it will reveal that they may be central to the phenotype and should be targeted for further investigation. Research of the neurological, cellular, and molecular basis of these specializations in other mammals may provide insight for behavioral analysis, communication intervention, and psychopharmacology for autism.

The Comparison of Solitary and Collaborative Modes of Game-Based Learning on Students' Science Learning and Motivation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Ching-Huei; Wang, Kuan-Chieh; Lin, Yu-Hsuan

2015-01-01

In this study, we investigated and compared solitary and collaborative modes of game-based learning in promoting students' science learning and motivation. A total of fifty seventh grade students participated in this study. The results showed that students who played in a solitary or collaborative mode demonstrated improvement in learning…

Cylindrical ion-acoustic solitary waves in electronegative plasmas with superthermal electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eslami, Parvin; Mottaghizadeh, Marzieh

2012-06-15

By using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a three-dimensional cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (CKPE), which governs the dynamics of ion acoustic solitary waves (IASWs), is derived for small but finite amplitude ion-acoustic waves in cylindrical geometry in a collisionless unmagnetized plasma with kappa distributed electrons, thermal positrons, and cold ions. The generalized expansion method is used to solve analytically the CKPE. The existence regions of localized pulses are investigated. It is found that the solution of the CKPE supports only compressive solitary waves. Furthermore, the effects of superthermal electrons, the ratio of the electron temperature to positron temperature, the ratio ofmore » the positron density to electron density and direction cosine of the wave propagation on the profiles of the amplitudes, and widths of the solitary structures are examined numerically. It is shown these parameters play a vital role in the formation of ion acoustic solitary waves.« less

Effect of anisotropic dust pressure and superthermal electrons on propagation and stability of dust acoustic solitary waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bashir, M. F., E-mail: frazbashir@yahoo.com; Behery, E. E., E-mail: eebehery@gmail.com; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P.O. 34517, New Damietta

2015-06-15

Employing the reductive perturbation technique, Zakharov–Kuznetzov (ZK) equation is derived for dust acoustic (DA) solitary waves in a magnetized plasma which consists the effects of dust anisotropic pressure, arbitrary charged dust particles, Boltzmann distributed ions, and Kappa distributed superthermal electrons. The ZK solitary wave solution is obtained. Using the small-k expansion method, the stability analysis for DA solitary waves is also discussed. The effects of the dust pressure anisotropy and the electron superthermality on the basic characteristics of DA waves as well as on the three-dimensional instability criterion are highlighted. It is found that the DA solitary wave is rarefactivemore » (compressive) for negative (positive) dust. In addition, the growth rate of instability increases rapidly as the superthermal spectral index of electrons increases with either positive or negative dust grains. A brief discussion for possible applications is included.« less

Transversally periodic solitary gravity–capillary waves

PubMed Central

Milewski, Paul A.; Wang, Zhan

2014-01-01

When both gravity and surface tension effects are present, surface solitary water waves are known to exist in both two- and three-dimensional infinitely deep fluids. We describe here solutions bridging these two cases: travelling waves which are localized in the propagation direction and periodic in the transverse direction. These transversally periodic gravity–capillary solitary waves are found to be of either elevation or depression type, tend to plane waves below a critical transverse period and tend to solitary lumps as the transverse period tends to infinity. The waves are found numerically in a Hamiltonian system for water waves simplified by a cubic truncation of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. This approximation has been proved to be very accurate for both two- and three-dimensional computations of fully localized gravity–capillary solitary waves. The stability properties of these waves are then investigated via the time evolution of perturbed wave profiles. PMID:24399922

Engineered Herpes Simplex Viruses for the Treatment of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF-1) will develop benign neurofibromas in their peripheral nerves that will progress to malignant tumors that...lines to activate anti-viral signaling pathways. Keywords: MPNST, neurofibromatosis , oncolytic virus, HSV-1, IL-12 In the first year of research, we...lysis and immune recruitment. As rare and aggressive tumors of glial origin, MPNSTs frequently arise from patients with type-1 neurofibromatosis , but

Convection-Enhanced Delivery (CED) in an Animal Model of Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors and Plexiform Neurofibromas

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-01

successfully establish the xenograft within the sciatic nerve. Convection-Enhanced Delivery ( CED ), Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath ( MPNST ), Plexiform...intraneural PNs and MPNST via CED . Design: Orthotopic xenograft models of sciatic intraneural NF1 MPNST and PNs in scid mice as described by Perrin et...using convection-enhanced delivery ( CED ). Relative Growth of MPNST cells in vivo treated with rapamycin, imatinib or erlotinib: Elotinib

Changes in plasma steroids and cytokines levels in betel chewing patients in Taiwan.

PubMed

Hu, Sindy; Chen, Wen-Chyuan; Hwang, Guey-Shyang; Chen, Szu-Tah; Kuo, Song-Bor; Chen, Yifen; Idova, Galina; Wang, Shyi-Wu

2016-07-01

Betel nut is the second largest economic food product in Taiwan. In Southeast Asia, the habit of chewing betel nut seems to be highly correlated with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral submucous fibrosis is characterized by abnormal accumulation of oral submucous collagen fibers and limitation of mouth opening. Although the mechanism responsible for tissue damage is still unknown, prolonged irritation caused by betel nut and tobacco is considered to be a major factor contributing to the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis. The effect of betel nut chewing on immune system remains unknown. Present study aims to investigate the change of plasma hormones including cortisol, testosterone, and inflammatory cytokine concentrations in male chewing betel nut compared with normal subjects. Heparinized blood was obtained from control group (normal young+mid-aged individuals), betel nut-chewing, and oral cancer male subjects. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital. Written informed consent was granted by the patients. Plasma cortisol and testosterone concentrations were detected by commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-15, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), were analyzed by ELISA with commercial monoclonal capture antibodies and polyclonal detection antibodies. The median concentrations of plasma IL-1β, IL-15, and TNF-α were 3.14pg/ml, 3.14pg/ml, and 6.85pg/ml, respectively, in patients with oral cancer, compared with median plasma IL-1β, IL-15, and TNF-α concentration of 2.64pg/ml, 5.86pg/ml, and 5.38pg/ml, respectively, in patients with betel nut-chewing habit. In contrast, the median concentrations of plasma IL-1β, IL-15, and TNF-α in mid-aged males (aged 30-50) were 7.00pg/ml, 10.64pg/ml, and 31.73pg/ml, respectively, compared with median plasma concentration of IL-1β, IL-15, and TNF-α of 4.48pg/ml, 33.36pg/ml, and 97.77pg/ml in young males (aged 20-22), respectively. Also, significantly elevated plasma cortisol concentration was noted in betel nut-chewing (median 727.2ng/ml) and oral cancer patients (561.9ng/ml) compared to the mid-aged (176.8ng/ml) and young males (173.4ng/ml), respectively. In addition, lower plasma testosterone concentrations were found in betel nut-chewing subjects compared with young males (2.6±3.3ng/ml vs 6.2±2.9ng/ml). To summarize, the inflammatory cytokines and steroid hormones may reflect the degree of inflammation in betel nut-chewing males and the oral cancer subjects. The above findings suggest that betel nut-chewing or oral cancer inhibits plasma cytokines and regulates steroid hormones concentrations compared to mid-aged or young normal subjects. It is also indicated that betel nut-chewing causes decreased inflammatory cytokines as the same levels as in oral cancer subjects. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Widespread occurrence of honey bee pathogens in solitary bees.

PubMed

Ravoet, Jorgen; De Smet, Lina; Meeus, Ivan; Smagghe, Guy; Wenseleers, Tom; de Graaf, Dirk C

2014-10-01

Solitary bees and honey bees from a neighbouring apiary were screened for a broad set of putative pathogens including protists, fungi, spiroplasmas and viruses. Most sampled bees appeared to be infected with multiple parasites. Interestingly, viruses exclusively known from honey bees such as Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus and Varroa destructor Macula-like Virus were also discovered in solitary bees. A microsporidium found in Andrena vaga showed most resemblance to Nosema thomsoni. Our results suggest that bee hives represent a putative source of pathogens for other pollinators. Similarly, solitary bees may act as a reservoir of honey bee pathogens. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

New compacton soliton solutions and solitary patterns solutions of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Zhenya; Bluman, George

2002-11-01

The special exact solutions of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq equations (called B( m, n) equations), utt- uxx- a( un) xx+ b( um) xxxx=0, is investigated by using four direct ansatze. As a result, abundant new compactons: solitons with the absence of infinite wings, solitary patterns solutions having infinite slopes or cups, solitary waves and singular periodic wave solutions of these two equations are obtained. The variant is extended to include linear dispersion to support compactons and solitary patterns in the linearly dispersive Boussinesq equations with m=1. Moreover, another new compacton solution of the special case, B(2,2) equation, is also found.

An Experiment on Two-Dimensional Interaction of Solitary Waves in Shallow Water System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuji, Hidekazu; Yufu, Kei; Marubayashi, Kenji

2012-11-01

The dynamics of solitary waves in horizontally two-dimensional region is not yet well understood. Recently two-dimensional soliton interaction of Kadmotsetv-Petviashvili (KP) equation which describes the weakly nonlinear long wave in shallow water system has been theoretically studied (e.g. Kodama (2010)). It is clarified that the ``resonant'' interaction which forms Y-shaped triad can be described by exact solution. Li et al. (2011) experimentally studied the reflection of solitary wave at the wall and verified the theory of KP equation. To investigate more general interaction process, an experiment in wave tank using two wave makers which are controlled independently is carried out. The wave tank is 4 m in length and 3.6 m in width. The depth of the water is about 8cm. The wavemakers, which are piston-type and have board about 1.5 m in length, can produce orderly solitary wave which amplitude is 1.0-3.5 cm. We observe newly generated solitary wave due to interaction of original solitary waves which have different amplitude and/or propagation direction. The results are compared with the aforementioned theory of KP equation.

Orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weiguo; Qin, Yinghao; Zhao, Yan; Guo, Boling

In this paper, we consider the Kundu equation which is not a standard Hamiltonian system. The abstract orbital stability theory proposed by Grillakis et al. (1987, 1990) cannot be applied directly to study orbital stability of solitary waves for this equation. Motivated by the idea of Guo and Wu (1995), we construct three invariants of motion and use detailed spectral analysis to obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation. Since Kundu equation is more complex than the derivative Schrödinger equation, we utilize some techniques to overcome some difficulties in this paper. It should be pointed out that the results obtained in this paper are more general than those obtained by Guo and Wu (1995). We present a sufficient condition under which solitary waves are orbitally stable for 2c+sυ<0, while Guo and Wu (1995) only considered the case 2c+sυ>0. We obtain the results on orbital stability of solitary waves for the derivative Schrödinger equation given by Colin and Ohta (2006) as a corollary in this paper. Furthermore, we obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Chen-Lee-Lin equation and Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, respectively.

Increased muscular volume and cuticular specialisations enhance jump velocity in solitarious compared with gregarious desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria.

PubMed

Rogers, Stephen M; Riley, Joanna; Brighton, Caroline; Sutton, Gregory P; Cullen, Darron A; Burrows, Malcolm

2016-03-01

The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows a strong phenotypic plasticity. It can develop, depending upon population density, into either a solitarious or gregarious phase that differs in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology. Prominent amongst these differences is that solitarious locusts have proportionately longer hind femora than gregarious locusts. The hind femora contain the muscles and energy-storing cuticular structures that propel powerful jumps using a catapult-like mechanism. We show that solitarious locusts jump on average 23% faster and 27% further than gregarious locusts, and attribute this improved performance to three sources: first, a 17.5% increase in the relative volume of their hind femur, and hence muscle volume; second, a 24.3% decrease in the stiffness of the energy-storing semi-lunar processes of the distal femur; and third, a 4.5% decrease in the stiffness of the tendon of the extensor tibiae muscle. These differences mean that solitarious locusts can generate more power and store more energy in preparation for a jump than can gregarious locusts. This improved performance comes at a cost: solitarious locusts expend nearly twice the energy of gregarious locusts during a single jump and the muscular co-contraction that energises the cuticular springs takes twice as long. There is thus a trade-off between achieving maximum jump velocity in the solitarious phase against the ability to engage jumping rapidly and repeatedly in the gregarious phase. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Clinicopathological variables of sporadic schwannomas of peripheral nerve in 291 patients and expression of biologically relevant markers.

PubMed

Young, Eric D; Ingram, Davis; Metcalf-Doetsch, William; Khan, Dilshad; Al Sannaa, Ghadah; Le Loarer, Francois; Lazar, Alexander J F; Slopis, John; Torres, Keila E; Lev, Dina; Pollock, Raphael E; McCutcheon, Ian E

2017-09-08

OBJECTIVE While sporadic peripheral schwannomas (SPSs) are generally well treated with surgery, their biology is not well understood. Consequently, treatment options are limited. The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive description of SPS. The authors describe clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes of patients harboring these tumors, and they assess expression of biomarkers using a clinically annotated tissue microarray. Together, these data give new insight into the biology and management of SPS. METHODS Patients presenting with a primary SPS between 1993 and 2011 (n = 291) were selected from an institutional registry to construct a clinical database. All patients underwent follow-up, and short- and long-term outcomes were assessed. Expression of relevant biomarkers was assessed using a new tissue microarray (n = 121). RESULTS SPSs were generally large (mean 5.5 cm) and frequently painful at presentation (55%). Most patients were treated with surgery (80%), the majority of whom experienced complete resolution (52%) or improvement (18%) of their symptoms. Tumors that were completely resected (85%) did not recur. Some patients experienced short-term (16%) and long-term (4%) complications postoperatively. Schwannomas expressed higher levels of platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (2.1) than malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) (1.5, p = 0.004) and neurofibromas (1.33, p = 0.007). Expression of human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 was greater in SPSs (0.91) than in MPNSTs (0.33, p = 0.002) and neurofibromas (0.33, p = 0.026). Epidermal growth factor receptor was expressed in far fewer SPS cells (10%) than in MPNSTs (58%, p < 0.0001) or neurofibromas (37%, p = 0.007). SPSs more frequently expressed cytoplasmic survivin (66% of tumor cells) than normal nerve (46% of cells), but SPS expressed nuclear survivin in fewer tumor cells than in MPNSTs (24% and 50%, respectively; p = 0.018). CONCLUSIONS Complete resection is curative for SPS. Left untreated, however, these tumors can cause significant morbidity, and not all patients are candidates for resection. SPSs express a pattern of biomarkers consistent with the dysregulation of the tumor suppressor merlin observed in neurofibromatosis Type 2-associated schwannomas, suggesting a shared etiology. This SPS pattern is distinct from that of other tumors of the peripheral nerve sheath.

Transverse instability of solitary waves in the generalized kadomtsev-petviashvili equation

PubMed

Kataoka; Tsutahara; Negoro

2000-04-03

The linear stability of planar solitary waves with respect to long-wavelength transverse perturbations is studied in the framework of the generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. It is newly discovered that for some nonlinearities in this family, the solitary waves could be transversely unstable even in a medium with negative dispersion. In the case of positive dispersion, they are found to be always unstable.

Perforated Solitary Diverticulitis of the Ascending Colon

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

postoperative day 6. DISCUSSION Diverticuli of the right colon exist in approximately 1% to 5% of patients with diverticular disease .1-3 They are...ORIGINAL REPORTS Perforated Solitary Diverticulitis of the Ascending Colon CPT David S. Kauvar, MC, USA, MAJ, Jayson Aydelotte, MC, USA, and MAJ...Michael Harnisch, MC, USA Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas KEY WORDS: solitary colon diverticulum

Mother-child play: children with Down syndrome and typical development.

PubMed

Venuti, P; de Falco, S; Esposito, G; Bornstein, Marc H

2009-07-01

Child solitary and collaborative mother-child play with 21 children with Down syndrome and 33 mental-age-matched typically developing children were compared. In solitary play, children with Down syndrome showed less exploratory but similar symbolic play compared to typically developing children. From solitary to collaborative play, children with Down syndrome increased their exploratory play, attaining the same level as typically developing children. Pretense significantly increased from solitary to collaborative play only in typically developing children. Differences between mothers' play in the two groups mirrored those between their children. Both groups showed similar attunement and synchrony. Mothers contribute to the play development of children with Down syndrome through their own adaptation to their children's limitations and potentialities.

Orbital stability of solitary waves for generalized Boussinesq equation with two nonlinear terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weiguo; Li, Xiang; Li, Shaowei; Chen, Xu

2018-06-01

This paper investigates the orbital stability and instability of solitary waves for the generalized Boussinesq equation with two nonlinear terms. Firstly, according to the theory of Grillakis-Shatah-Strauss orbital stability, we present the general results to judge orbital stability of the solitary waves. Further, we deduce the explicit expression of discrimination d‧‧(c) to judge the stability of the two solitary waves, and give the stable wave speed interval. Moreover, we analyze the influence of the interaction between two nonlinear terms on the stable wave speed interval, and give the maximal stable range for the wave speed. Finally, some conclusions are given in this paper.

Canine histiocytic sarcoma presenting as a target lesion on brain magnetic resonance imaging and as a solitary pulmonary mass.

PubMed

Hicks, Jill; Barber, Renee; Childs, Bronwen; Kirejczyk, Shannon Gm; Uhl, Elizabeth W

2017-04-17

A 6-year-old spayed female miniature schnauzer presented with generalized seizures and progressive multifocal intracranial neurologic disease. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large solitary pulmonary mass within the right cranial lung lobe. On brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a solitary intraparenchymal mass within the left piriform lobe had a "target" appearance on both pre- and postcontrast sequences. Cerebrospinal fluid was unremarkable and histopathology indicated both masses represented histiocytic sarcoma. This case represents an uncommonly reported MRI appearance of histiocytic sarcoma in the canine brain and a large, solitary-appearing pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in the same dog. © 2017 American College of Veterinary Radiology.

Malignant conversion of a solitary papilloma in the distal trachea: Report of a case

PubMed Central

Lioulias, Achilleas; Misthos, Panagiotis; Papagiannakis, Georgios; Mermigkis, Dimitrios; Karagianidis, Napoleon; Neofotistos, Kostas; Kokotsakis, John

2008-01-01

A solitary papilloma versus the usual multiple lesions of papillomatosis is extremely rare. Even more infrequent is a solitary papilloma of the trachea in an adult patient. In the present report, a case of a solitary papilloma in the distal trachea is presented. After two unsuccessful sessions of laser ablation, resection of the lower one-third of the trachea was performed through a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Postoperative histology results disclosed a malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. The patient had an excellent outcome after resection of the affected portion of the trachea. There was no evidence of recurrence after 20 months of follow-up. PMID:18949108

Modelling Neurofibroma Formation in the Culture Dish.

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-10-01

Eagle’s medium (DMEM) with high glucose (GIBCO cat # 11965-050) supplemented with 10 vol.% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum and penicillin /streptomycin...to approximately 10 ml of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM, Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco) and 1% penicillin ...dish containing 10-15 mls of DMEM, 10% FBS, 1% penicillin -streptomycin and maintained at 35oC and 7.5% C02 for several days until the cells were nearly

Congenitally absent lumbar pedicle: a reappraisal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wortzman, G.; Steinhardt, M.I.

1984-09-01

Three patients who had a diagnosis of congenitally absent lumbar pedicle underwent CT examination. Findings showed that each patient had an aberrant hypoplastic pedicle plus a retroisthmic defect in their ipsilateral lamina rather than an absent pedicle. Axial CT was the diagnostic modality of choice; reformated images were of little value. The differential diagnosis to be considered from the findings of plain film radiography includes pediculate thinning, neoplastic disease, neurofibroma, mesodermal dysplasia associated with neurofibromatosis, and vascular anomalies.

Combinatorial Therapies for Neurofibroma and MPNST Treatment and Prevention

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-01

experiments utilizing genetically engineered mouse models. Consequently, we were not allowed to start actual experimental work towards the goals of this...different genetic backgrounds. Consequently, before beginning the full study, it was necessary that we will first determine the MTD for tamoxifen and...trifluoperazine in C57BL/6 mice (the genetic background of the Krox20-Cre;Nf1flox/- and P0-GGFβ3;Trp53+/- mice that are being used for our preclinical

Genetic and Epigenetic Differences in Monozygotic Twins with NF1

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-01

second hit event as a likely etiology for these tumors. Three pairs of twins were discordant for scoliosis , and one pair was concordant for scoliosis ...have included: plexiform neurofibromas (number and location), scoliosis , and malignancy (MPNST). Correlation between CNVs and clinical phenotype will...D E Age (years) 18 10 9 6 5 Gender F F F F F CAL#s Cut. NF Lisch Plexiform# OPG T2 Hyperint Scoliosis Pectus MPNST MR LD Speech ADHD

Coexistence of Ankylosing Spondylitis and Neurofibromatosis Type 1.

PubMed

Gundogdu, Baris; Yolbas, Servet; Yildirim, Ahmet; Gonen, Murat; Koca, Suleyman Serdar

2016-01-01

Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a systemic disease primarily characterized by the inflammation of sacroiliac joints and axial skeleton. Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystem genetic disease which is characterized by cutaneous findings, most importantly café-au-lait spots and axillary freckling, by skeletal dysplasia, and by the growth of both benign and malignant nervous system neoplasms, most notably benign neurofibromas. In this case report, we present a 43-year-old male with AS and NF1.

A hereditary disposition for bovine peripheral nerve sheath tumors in Danish Holstein cattle.

PubMed

Grossi, Anette B; Agerholm, Jørgen S; Christensen, Knud; Jensen, Henrik E; Leifsson, Páll S; Bendixen, Christian; Karlskov-Mortensen, Peter; Fredholm, Merete

2014-12-10

Peripheral nerve sheath tumors (PNSTs) are frequently found in Danish cattle at slaughter. Bovine PNSTs share several gross and histopathological characteristics with the PNSTs in humans with heritable neurofibromatosis syndromes. The aim of the present study was to investigate a possible hereditary disposition to PNSTs in dairy cattle by statistical analysis performed on data from 567 cattle with PNSTs. Furthermore, a preliminary genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed on DNA isolated from 28 affected and 28 non-affected Holstein cows to identify loci in the bovine genome involved in the development of PNSTs. PNSTs were significantly more common in the Danish Holstein breed than in other breeds with 0.49% of Danish Holsteins slaughtered during an eight-year-period having PNSTs. PNSTs also occurred significantly more frequently in the offspring of some specific Holstein sires. Examination of three generation pedigrees showed that these sires were genetically related through a widely used US Holstein sire. The PNSTs included in GWAS were histologically classified as neurofibroma-schwannoma (43%), schwannoma (36%) and neurofibroma (21%) and derived from Holstein cows with multiple PNSTs. A single SNP on chromosome 27 reached genome-wide significance. Gross and histological characteristics of bovine PNSTs are comparable to PNSTs in humans (schwannomatosis). Danish Holsteins are genetically disposed to develop PNSTs but the examined materials are insufficient to allow determination of the mode of inheritance.

Orbital/Peri-Orbital Plexiform Neurofibromas in Children with Neurofibromatosis type 1: Multi-disciplinary Recommendations for Care

PubMed Central

Avery, Robert A.; Katowitz, James A.; Fisher, Michael J.; Heidary, Gena; Dombi, Eva; Packer, Roger J.; Widemann, Brigitte C.

2016-01-01

Children and adults with Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a common autosomal dominant condition, manifest a variety of ophthalmologic conditions. Plexiform neurofibromas involving the eyelid, orbit, periorbital and facial structures (termed OPPN) can result in significant visual loss in children. Equally important, OPPNs can cause significant alteration in physical appearance secondary to proptosis, ptosis, and facial disfigurement, leading to social embarrassment and decreased self-esteem. Despite NF1 being a relatively common disease in which routine ophthalmologic examinations are required, no formal recommendations for clinical care of children with OPPNs exist. While medical and surgical interventions have been reported, there are no agreed upon criteria for when OPPN require therapy and which treatment produces the best outcome. Since a multi-disciplinary team of specialists (oculofacial plastics, pediatric ophthalmology, neuro-ophthalmology, medical genetics and neuro-oncology) direct management decisions, the absence of a uniform outcome measure that represents visual and or aesthetic sequelae complicates the design of evidence based studies and feasible clinical trials. In September 2013, a multi-disciplinary task force, composed of pediatric practitioners from tertiary care centers experienced in caring for children with OPPN, was convened to address the lack of clinical care guidelines for children with OPPN. This consensus statement provides recommendations for ophthalmologic monitoring and outlines treatment indications, forthcoming biologic therapy, while also discussing challenges to performing clinical trials in this complicated condition. PMID:27817916

Neurofibromatosis of the head and neck: classification and surgical management.

PubMed

Latham, Kerry; Buchanan, Edward P; Suver, Daniel; Gruss, Joseph S

2015-03-01

Neurofibromatosis is common and presents with variable penetrance and manifestations in one in 2500 to one in 3000 live births. The management of these patients is often multidisciplinary because of the complexity of the disease. Plastic surgeons are frequently involved in the surgical management of patients with head and neck involvement. A 20-year retrospective review of patients treated surgically for head and neck neurofibroma was performed. Patients were identified according to International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision codes for neurofibromatosis and from the senior author's database. A total of 59 patients with head and neck neurofibroma were identified. These patients were categorized into five distinct, but not exclusive, categories to assist with diagnosis and surgical management. These categories included plexiform, cranioorbital, facial, neck, and parotid/auricular neurofibromatosis. A surgical classification system and clinical characteristics of head and neck neurofibromatosis is presented to assist practitioners with diagnosis and surgical management of this complex disease. The surgical management of the cranioorbital type is discussed in detail in 24 patients. The importance and safety of facial nerve dissection and preservation using intraoperative nerve monitoring were validated in 16 dissections in 15 patients. Massive involvement of the neck extending from the skull base to the mediastinum, frequently considered inoperable, has been safely resected by the use of access osteotomies of the clavicle and sternum, muscle takedown, and brachial plexus dissection and preservation using intraoperative nerve monitoring. Therapeutic, IV.

A novel NF1 mutation in a Chinese patient with giant café-au-lait macule in neurofibromatosis type 1 associated with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and bone abnormality.

PubMed

Tong, H-X; Li, M; Zhang, Y; Zhu, J; Lu, W-Q

2012-08-29

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1; OMIM#162200) is a common neurocutaneous disorder that is characterized by multiple café-au-lait, skinfold freckling, Lisch nodules, and neurofibromas. Mutations in the NF1 gene, which encodes the neurofibromin protein, have been identified as the pathogenic gene of NF1. In this study, we present a clinical and molecular study of a Chinese patient with giant café-au-lait in NF1. The patient showed >6 café-au-lait spots on the body, axillary freckling, and multiple subcutaneous neurofibromas. He also had a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and bone abnormalities. The germline mutational analysis of the NF1 gene revealed a novel missense mutation in exon 13. It is a novel heterozygous nucleotide G>A transition at position 2241 of the NF1 gene. We found no mutation in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor DNA from this patient. This expands the database for NF1 gene mutations in NF1. Its absence in the normal chromosomes suggests that it is responsible for the NF1 phenotype. To our knowledge, this is the first case of giant café-au-lait macule in NF1 associated with a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor and bone abnormality.

Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood

PubMed Central

Creswell, Kasey G.; Chung, Tammy; Clark, Duncan B.; Martin, Christopher S.

2015-01-01

Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12–18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems. PMID:25977842

Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood.

PubMed

Creswell, Kasey G; Chung, Tammy; Clark, Duncan B; Martin, Christopher S

2014-09-01

Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12-18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems.

Tumoral, quasitumoral and pseudotumoral lesions of the superficial and somatic soft tissue: new entities and new variants of old entities recorded during the last 25 years. Part XII: appendix.

PubMed

Bisceglia, M; Spagnolo, D; Galliani, C; Fisher, C; Suster, S; Kazakov, D V; Cooper, K; Michal, M

2006-08-01

In an eleven part series published in Pathologica, we have presented various tumoral, quasitumoral and pseudotumoral lesions of the superficial and somatic soft tissue (ST), which emerged as new entities or as variants of established entities during the last quarter of a century. Detailed clinicomorphological and differential diagnostic features of approximately sixty entities were chosen on the basis of their clinical significance and morphologic distinctiveness. The series included fibrous and myofibroblastic tumors (e.g. solitary fibrous tumor, high grade classic and pigmented dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor and myofibrosarcomas), fibromyxoid and fibrohistiocytic neoplasms (e.g., Evans' tumor, phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor, inflammatory myxohyaline tumor), special adipocytic/vascular/and smooth muscle lesions (e.g., chondroid lipoma, Dabska's tumor, ST hemangioblastoma, lipoleiomyosarcoma), epithelioid mesenchymal malignancies of diverse lineages (e.g., epithelioid liposarcoma, proximal-type epithelioid sarcoma, neuroendocrine extraskeletal chondromyxoid sarcoma), ST Ewing's tumor and peripheral nerve sheath tumors (perineuriomas and pigmented and rosetting tumors of the schwannoma/neurofibroma group), extranodal dendritic or histiocytic proliferative processes (follicular dendritic cell sarcoma, Rosai-Dorfman disease, Castleman's disease, and plexiform xanthomatous tumor), and tumors with myoepithelial differentiation. The section devoted to selected pseudotumoral entities considered representatives of the hamartoma group (neural fibrolipomatous hamartoma, ectopic hamartomatous thymoma, rudimentary meningocele), metabolic diseases (amyloid tumor, nephrogenic fibrosing dermopathy, tophaceous pseudogout, pseudoinfiltrative parathyromatosis), stromal tissue reactions to trauma (fibroosseous pseudotumors of digits) and infections (bacillary angiomatosis), and normal organs (glomus coccygeum). To conclude the descriptive phase, supplementary material has now been collected and appended in an attempt to provide a quick digest of essential knowledge both for comparison and differential diagnosis. The data have been tailored to synthesize diverse sources, integrating clinical elements and references to articles that previously appeared in Part I ("Introduction"), Part II ("The List and Review of New Entities") and Parts III to XI ("Excerpta"). At the very least we hope this final part ("Appendix") will provide the reader with a useful tabular organization of ST lesions and a reference resource.

Motor neurone responses during a postural reflex in solitarious and gregarious desert locusts.

PubMed

Blackburn, Laura M; Ott, Swidbert R; Matheson, Tom; Burrows, Malcolm; Rogers, Stephen M

2010-08-01

Desert locusts show extreme phenotypic plasticity and can change reversibly between two phases that differ radically in morphology, physiology and behaviour. Solitarious locusts are cryptic in appearance and behaviour, walking slowly with the body held close to the ground. Gregarious locusts are conspicuous in appearance and much more active, walking rapidly with the body held well above the ground. During walking, the excursion of the femoro-tibial (F-T) joint of the hind leg is smaller in solitarious locusts, and the joint is kept more flexed throughout an entire step. Under open loop conditions, the slow extensor tibiae (SETi) motor neurone of solitarious locusts shows strong tonic activity that increases at more extended F-T angles. SETi of gregarious locusts by contrast showed little tonic activity. Simulated flexion of the F-T joint elicits resistance reflexes in SETi in both phases, but regardless of the initial and final position of the leg, the spiking rate of SETi during these reflexes was twice as great in solitarious compared to gregarious locusts. This increased sensory-motor gain in the neuronal networks controlling postural reflexes in solitarious locusts may be linked to the occurrence of pronounced behavioural catalepsy in this phase similar to other cryptic insects such as stick insects. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Solitary fibrous hemangiopericytoma of atypical location: importance of immunohistochemical study].

PubMed

Soriano-Hernández, María Isabel; Husein-ElAhmed, Husein; Ruíz-Molina, Inmaculada

2014-01-01

The rare cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor was initially described in the thoracic cavity in relation to the pleura and subsequently been associated with other serous membranes. It has been described in other extraserosal locations including the skin. Knowledge of its existence along with fairly typical histological features and the immunohistochemical expression pattern with intense positivity for CD34 allow the increasing diagnosis of this condition, which suggests that these cases were not previously diagnosed as such. We report the case of a 43 year-old male with a painless nodule in the first left finger pad clinically suggestive of pyogenic granuloma or nodular melanoma, which was diagnosed by excisional biopsy and immunohistochemical study as a solitary fibrous tumor. Only 11 cases of cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor have been published in the following locations: head, cheek, thigh, chest, back and nose. Our work describes the first case of cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor in the hand. The solitary fibrous tumor derived from mesenchymal cells expresses CD34 and hence its presentation in any location. In our case it was in the hand. It explains the problems encountered in the clinical differential diagnosis with other tumors as nodular melanoma, pyogenic granuloma, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, fibroma, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, etc. As we consider the histology, differential diagnosis should be made with other tumors that also express CD34. Solitary fibrous tumors derived from mesenchymal cells express CD34 and hence its presentation in any location. In our case it was in the finger pad.

Electron beam-plasma interaction and electron-acoustic solitary waves in a plasma with suprathermal electrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danehkar, A.

2018-06-01

Suprathermal electrons and inertial drifting electrons, so called electron beam, are crucial to the nonlinear dynamics of electrostatic solitary waves observed in several astrophysical plasmas. In this paper, the propagation of electron-acoustic solitary waves (EAWs) is investigated in a collisionless, unmagnetized plasma consisting of cool inertial background electrons, hot suprathermal electrons (modeled by a κ-type distribution), and stationary ions. The plasma is penetrated by a cool electron beam component. A linear dispersion relation is derived to describe small-amplitude wave structures that shows a weak dependence of the phase speed on the electron beam velocity and density. A (Sagdeev-type) pseudopotential approach is employed to obtain the existence domain of large-amplitude solitary waves, and investigate how their nonlinear structures depend on the kinematic and physical properties of the electron beam and the suprathermality (described by κ) of the hot electrons. The results indicate that the electron beam can largely alter the EAWs, but can only produce negative polarity solitary waves in this model. While the electron beam co-propagates with the solitary waves, the soliton existence domain (Mach number range) becomes narrower (nearly down to nil) with increasing the beam speed and the beam-to-hot electron temperature ratio, and decreasing the beam-to-cool electron density ratio in high suprathermality (low κ). It is found that the electric potential amplitude largely declines with increasing the beam speed and the beam-to-cool electron density ratio for co-propagating solitary waves, but is slightly decreased by raising the beam-to-hot electron temperature ratio.

Solitary pulmonary nodule

MedlinePlus

Lung cancer - solitary nodule; Infectious granuloma - pulmonary nodule; SPN ... such as aspergillosis , coccidioidomycosis , cryptococcosis , or histoplasmosis Primary lung cancer is the most common cause of cancerous (malignant) ...

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with a solitary kidney.

PubMed

Süelözgen, Tufan; Budak, Salih; Celik, Orcun; Yalbuzdag, Okan; Mertoglu, Oguz; Isoglu, Selcuk; Yoldas, Mehmet; Ilbey, Yusuf Ozlem

2014-12-30

The results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy applied to 716 patients in our clinic between January 2008 and January 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Age, gender, urinary calculi size (mm(2)), urinary calculi localization, ESWL history, operation duration (min), fluoroscopy duration (sec), access type, reason of solitary kidney, hemoglobin drawdown (g/dl) and operation success of the patients with a solitary kidney were recorded. The patients having no preoperative and postoperative non contrast abdominal tomography were excluded from the study. Fifteen of nineteen patients (79%) were men and 4 of them (21%) were women. The average age of the patients was 42.52 ± 16.72 (14-72). Ten patients had anatomical solitary kidney and nine patients had physiological solitary kidney. In fact counter kidney was non functional in 9 patients (47%) whereas there was agenesis in 2 (11%) and outcome of nephrectomy in 8 (42%) patients. In our study, presence of residual stone less than 4 mm at 1st month postoperative non contrast abdominal tomography was accepted as a successful result and accordingly our success rate was detected as 84%. Mean urinary calculi size was 405 ± 252.9 mm(2); urinary calculi localization was pelvic, lower pole, upper-middle pole, middle-lower pole and staghorn in 11 (58%), 4 (21%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%) and 1 (5%) patients, respectively; previous ESWL history was 16%; operation duration was 55.47-± 28.1 min and fluoroscopy duration 131.10 ± 87.6 sec; access type was subcostal in 79%, supracostal in 10.5% and multiple in 10.5%; hemoglobin drawdown was 1.75 ± 0.97 mg/dl. PNL can be effectively and safely administered for the treatment of solitary kidney. In the treatment of large urinary calculi in patients with a solitary kidney, PNL has some advantages such as short surgery duration, less complication, acceptable hemoglobin drawdown and high success rates. According to our study, PNL operation in patients with a solitary kidney is a good option for carefully and poisedly selected cases.

Alternative routes to the leader male role in a multi-level society: follower vs. solitary male strategies and outcomes in hamadryas baboons.

PubMed

Pines, Mathew; Saunders, Julian; Swedell, Larissa

2011-07-01

The nested one-male units (OMUs) of the hamadryas baboon are part of a complex social system in which "leader" males achieve near exclusive mating access by forcibly herding females into permanent consortships. Within this multi-level social system (troops, bands, clans and OMUs) are two types of prereproductive males--the follower and solitary male--whose different trajectories converge on the leader role. Here we compare OMU formation strategies of followers, who associate with a particular OMU and may have social access to females, with those of solitary males, who move freely within the band and do not associate regularly with OMUs. Data were derived from 42 OMU formations (16 by followers and 26 by solitary males) occurring over 8 years in a hamadryas baboon band at the Filoha site in Ethiopia. "Initial units" (IUs) with sexually immature females (IU strategy) were formed by 44% of followers and 46% of solitary males. The remaining followers took over mature females when their leader was deposed (challenge strategy) or disappeared (opportunistic strategy), or via a seemingly peaceful transfer (inheritance strategy). Solitary males took over mature females from other clans and bands, but mainly from old, injured or vanished leaders within their clan (via both the challenge and opportunistic strategies). Former followers of an OMU were more successful at taking over females from those OMUs than any other category of male. Despite this advantage enjoyed by ex-follower leaders, ex-solitary leaders were equally capable of increasing their OMU size at a comparable rate in their first 2 years as a leader. These results demonstrate the potential for males to employ both multiple roles (follower vs. solitary male) and multiple routes (IU, inheritance, challenge, opportunistic) to acquire females and become a leader male in a mating system characterized by female defense polygyny in a competitive arena. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Grouping facilitates avoidance of parasites by fish.

PubMed

Mikheev, Victor N; Pasternak, Anna F; Taskinen, Jouni; Valtonen, Tellervo E

2013-10-17

Parasite distribution is often highly heterogeneous, and intensity of infection depends, among other things, on how well hosts can avoid areas with a high concentration of parasites. We studied the role of fish behaviour in avoiding microhabitats with a high infection risk using Oncorhynchus mykiss and cercariae of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum as a model. Spatial distribution of parasites in experimental tanks was highly heterogeneous. We hypothesized that fish in groups are better at recognizing a parasitized area and avoiding it than solitary fish. Number of fish, either solitary or in groups of 5, was recorded in different compartments of a shuttle tank where fish could make a choice between areas with different risk of being infected. Intensity of infection was assessed and compared with the number of fish recorded in the compartment with parasites and level of fish motility. Both solitary fish and fish in groups avoided parasitized areas, but fish in groups avoided it more strongly and thus acquired significantly fewer parasites than solitary fish. Prevalence of infection among grouped and solitary fish was 66 and 92 %, respectively, with the mean abundance two times higher in the solitary fish. Between-individual variation in the number of parasites per fish was higher in the "groups" treatment (across all individuals) than in the "solitary" treatment. Avoidance behaviour was more efficient when fish were allowed to explore the experimental arena prior to parasite exposure. High motility of fish was shown to increase the acquisition of D. pseudospathaceum. Fish in groups better avoided parasitized habitat, and acquired significantly fewer parasites than solitary fish. We suggest that fish in groups benefit from information about parasites gained from other members of a group. Grouping behaviour may be an efficient mechanism of parasite avoidance, together with individual behaviour and immune responses of fishes. Avoidance of habitats with a high parasite risk can be an important factor contributing to the evolution and maintenance of grouping behaviour in fish.

Pregnancy outcome following myomectomy.

PubMed

Begum, N; Anwary, S A; Alfazzaman, M; Sultana, P; Banu, J; Deeba, F; Mahzabin, Z; Nahar, K N

2015-01-01

In developing countries, abdominal myomectomy is still a modality of treatment for large and symptomatic uterine fibroid in women who wish to retain their fertility and preserve uterus. In order to assess the outcome of pregnancies after myomectomy, a prospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 1999 and June 2011. Study included 40 married women of reproductive age, suffering either from primary or secondary subfertility, and who had uterine fibroid and strongly wished to conceive shortly after myomectomy using microsurgical procedure with no existence of other male and female subfertility factor. These women were followed up at 3, 6, 12 and 24 month intervals over telephone and outdoor visits. Data were recorded on preformed questionnaires. Post myomectomy hysterosalpingography was done at about 16 weeks after myomectomy. Patients were advised to try for pregnancy after 16 weeks of operation. Maximum number of women belonged to age group 31-35 years (n=14, 35%); primary subfertility was 67.5% and secondary 32.5%; in maximum number of cases duration of subfertility was 2-5 years (n=22, 55%); type of fibroid were solitary (52.5%) and multiple (47.5%); type of myoma were intramural (75%), submucous (2.5%) and combined (22.5%); location of myoma were fundal (5%), anterior wall (25%), posterior wall (20%) and combined (50%); diameter of removed myoma were <5cm (2.5%), 5-8cm (67.5%), >8-10(20%) and >10cm (10%); uterine size before myomectomy were (in weeks) <12(22.5%), 12-14 (27.5%), 15-20 (32.5%), 21-25 (15%) and >25 (2.5%). Hysterosalpingography was done in 16(40%) cases, and the findings were both tube patent (62.5%), unilateral tubal block (31.2%) and bilateral tubal block (6.2%). Menorrhagia after myomectomy was present only in 5% cases. After uterine myomectomy, 14(35%) women conceived, common time interval between myomectomy and conception was 1-2 years (42.9%), conception was spontaneous in 71.4%. Out of 14 who conceived after myomectomy 12(85.7%) delivered live babies by LUCS, and most of the babies weighed >3kg (58.3%).

Influences of palatoplasty by the push-back procedure on craniofacial morphology and growth.

PubMed

Iwasaki, Hiroshi; Kudo, Motonori; Yamamoto, Yuko

2012-12-01

For patients with a cleft palate, the push-back procedure which accompanies posterior shifting of palatal flap is thought to be most effective way of. achieving adequate velopharyngeal function. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the influences of the push-back procedure on the craniofacial morphology and its growth. Using cephalometry we compared the craniofacial morphology and growth of three groups of Japanese children, living in the same region (Hokkaido, Japan). 1) 28 children (13 girls and 15 boys) with operated submucous cleft palates at the ages of 9 and 14 respectively. 2) 12 age-matched children (7 girls and 5 boys) with unoperated submucous cleft palates. 3) 60 age-matched non-cleft children (30 girls and 30 boys) with normal occlusion. None of them received dentofacial orthopaedic treatment. While the patients who had been operated on had significant differences in posterior upper facial height and inclination of the palatal plane when compared with non-cleft children or unoperated cleft children, they showed no statistically significant difference in anteroposterior positioning of anterior part of the maxilla, compared with the unoperated. The influences of palatoplasty by the push-back procedure with posterior positioning of the palatal flaps on craniofacial morphology are additional to the cleft palate, and of minor concern. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aberrant SSEA-4 upregulation mediates myofibroblast activity to promote pre-cancerous oral submucous fibrosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Cheng-Chia; Yu, Chuan-Hang; Chang, Yu-Chao

2016-11-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), regarded as a precancerous condition, is characterized by juxta-epithelial inflammatory reaction followed by fibro-elastic change in the lamina properia and epithelial atrophy. The pathologic mechanisms of OSF still need to be further clarified. In the study, we investigated the functional expression of SSEA-4, which is a well-known stemness marker, in myofibroblast activity and the clinical significance in OSF tissues. The expression of SSEA-4 in OSF was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Functional analysis of SSEA-4 on myofibroblast activity of OSF was achieved by lentiviral silencing ST3GAL2. Immunohisitochemistry demonstrated that SSEA-4 expression was significantly higher expression in areca quid chewing-associated OSF tissues than those of normal oral mucosa tissues. From flow cytometry analysis, arecoline dose-dependently activated SSEA-4 expression in primary human normal buccal mucosal fibroblasts (BMFs). Sorted SSEA-4-positive cells from fibrotic BMFs (fBMFs) have higher colony-forming unit, collagen gel contraction, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression than SSEA-4-negative subset. Knockdown of ST3GAL2 in fBMFs suppressed SSEA-4 expression, collagen contraction, migration, invasiveness, and wound healing capability. Consistently, silencing ST3GAL2 was found to repress arecoline-induced myofibroblast activity in BMFs. The study highlights SSEA-4 as a critical marker for therapeutic intervention to mediate myofibroblast transdifferentiation in areca quid chewing-associated OSF.

[Evaluation of postmenopausal uterine bleeding by endometrial biopsy in-office hysteroscopy vs endometrial biopsy with manual vacuum aspiration in the office. Preliminary report].

PubMed

Hernández, José Arias; Franco, María Eugenia Lozano; Mendizábal, David Pablo Bulnes; Broca, Yrma Bocanegra; Escoto, Adrián Fores

2009-11-01

To compare endometrial biopsy by hysteroscopy vs manual endouterine aspiration in office, in patients of Climateric Clinic from Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de la Mujer Tabasco, with postmenopausal uterine bleeding. There were included patients that come from October 30 2007 to December 20 2008 to Climateric Clinic, with abnormal uterine bleeding and without hormonal replacement therapy. There were taken biopsy by hysteroscopy and AMEU. The histopathology results were compared. A total of 25 women were evaluated. The average age was 53 years (+/- 5.6). The delivery average was 3 births (+/- 1). We found polyps in 9 (37%) patients, endometrial atrophy in 3 (13%), cystic hyperplasia in 2 (8%), proliferative endometrium in 4 (17%), submucous myomas in 5 (21%) and neoplasia in 1 (4%). The correlation between endometrial biopsy by hysteroscopy and AMEU was 100% for endometrial atrophy, cystic hyperplasia, proliferativo endometrium and neoplasia. There was not correlation between manual endouterine aspiration and endometrial biopsy by hysteroscopy for polyps and submucous myomas. We didn't have complications during the procedures. Hysteroscopic endometrial biopsy seems to have the same histopathology results than AMEU for endometrial atrophy, cystic hyperplasia, proliferative endometrium and neoplasia, not for miomas and polyps. Hysteroscopy can give us the possibility to see miomas and polyps and treat surgical pathology at the same moment almost in all cases.

TFM classification and staging of oral submucous fibrosis: A new proposal.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Thomas, Deepak; Aljabab, Abdulsalam S; Hunasgi, Santosh; Rai, Kirthi Kumar; Hale, Beverley; Fonseca, Felipe Paiva; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago; Rahimi, Siavash; Merkx, Matthias A W; Brennan, Peter A

2018-04-01

We have evaluated the rationale of existing grading and staging schemes of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) based on how they are categorized. A novel classification and staging scheme is proposed. A total of 300 OSMF patients were evaluated for agreement between functional, clinical, and histopathological staging. Bilateral biopsies were assessed in 25 patients to evaluate for any differences in histopathological staging of OSMF in the same mouth. Extent of clinician agreement for categorized staging data was evaluated using Cohen's weighted kappa analysis. Cross-tabulation was performed on categorical grading data to understand the intercorrelation, and the unweighted kappa analysis was used to assess the bilateral grade agreement. Probabilities of less than 0.05 were considered significant. Data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics (version 25.0, IBM, USA). A low agreement was found between all the stages depicting the independent nature of trismus, clinical features, and histopathological components (K = 0.312, 0.167, 0.152) in OSMF. Following analysis, a three-component classification scheme (TFM classification) was developed that describes the severity of each independently, grouping them using a novel three-tier staging scheme as a guide to the treatment plan. The proposed classification and staging could be useful for effective communication, categorization, and for recording data and prognosis, and for guiding treatment plans. Furthermore, the classification considers OSMF malignant transformation in detail. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Evaluation of the possible role of copper ions in drinking water in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis: a pilot study.

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Patil, Shekhar Gowda; Ramesh, D N S V; Hunasgi, Santosh; Brennan, Peter A

2014-01-01

We aimed to investigate the concentration of copper ions in drinking water and to assess whether copper has a role in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). We studied 50 patients with clinically and histologically diagnosed OSMF from the Yadgir district of Karnataka in India. Fifty healthy people matched for age and sex were used as controls. In both groups concentrations of copper ions in serum, saliva, and home drinking water were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy and intelligent nephelometry technology. Serum ceruloplasmin concentrations were also estimated in both groups. The mean (SD) concentration of copper in the home drinking water of patients with OSMF was significantly higher (764.3 (445.9)μmol/L) than in the controls (305.7 (318.5)μmol/L) (p<0.001). Patients with OSMF also had a significantly higher copper concentrations in serum and saliva, and serum ceruloplasmin than controls (p<0.001). For the first time these data have shown a positive association between copper concentrations in home drinking water and OSMF. It raises the possibility that increased copper in drinking water contributes to the development of OSMF, and adds to that ingested when areca nut is chewed. Copyright © 2013 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Comparative Observational Study of the Use of Saline Uterine Hydrosonography for the Diagnosis and Assessment of Uterine Cavity Lesions in Women

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of saline hydrosonography (HSGM) (also known as saline infusion sonography (SIS)) against transvaginal ultrasound scan (TVS) and hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of uterine cavity lesions. Diagnostic hysteroscopy with biopsy is considered as the “gold standard” to diagnose intrauterine abnormalities. The introduction of HSGM has improved the diagnostic capability of ultrasound. It is important to establish the efficacy and safety of HSGM before it is widely recommended for use. This retrospective observational data was collected from all 223 patients who underwent TVS, HSGM, and hysteroscopy as part of their gynaecological investigations from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010 at Central Middlesex Hospital, London. Endometrial Polyps. TVS: sensitivity 60.53%, specificity 97.06%, positive predictive value (PPV) 95.83%, and negative predictive value (NPV) 68.75% and HSGM: sensitivity 95%, specificity 97.14%, PPV 97.44%, and NPV 94.44%. Submucous Leiomyoma. TVS: sensitivity 57.14%, specificity 93.48%, PPV 84.21%, and NPV 78.18% and HSGM: sensitivity 96.55%, specificity 100.00%, PPV 100.00%, and NPV 97.92%. Diagnostic efficacy of HSGM is superior to TVS for the diagnosis of endometrial polyps and submucous fibroids. HSGM should be considered as an intermediate investigation after TVS to assess intracavity pathology and to confirm the diagnosis; hysteroscopy should become a therapeutic intervention. PMID:27597989

Evaluation of p16 hypermethylation in oral submucous fibrosis: A quantitative and comparative analysis in buccal cells and saliva using real-time methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction.

PubMed

Kaliyaperumal, Subadra; Sankarapandian, Sathasivasubramanian

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to quantitatively investigate the hypermethylation of p16 gene in buccal cells and saliva of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients using real-time quantitative methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and to compare the values of two methods. A total of 120 samples were taken from 60 subjects selected for this study, of which 30 were controls and 30 patients were clinically and histopathologically diagnosed with OSMF. In both groups, two sets of samples were collected, one directly from the buccal cells through cytobrush technique and the other through salivary rinse. We analyzed the samples for the presence of p16 hypermethylation using quantitative real-time PCR. In OSMF, the hypermethylation status of p16 in buccal cells was very high (93.3%) and in salivary samples, it was partially methylated (50%). However, no hypermethylation was found in controls suggesting that significant quantity of p16 hypermethylation was present in buccal cells and saliva in OSMF. This study indicates that buccal cell sampling may be a better method for evaluation than the salivary samples. It signifies that hypermethylation of p16 is an important factor to be considered in epigenetic alterations of normal cells to oral precancer, i.e. OSMF.

Delayed detection of cleft palate: an audit of newborn examination.

PubMed

Habel, A; Elhadi, N; Sommerlad, B; Powell, J

2006-03-01

To identify prevalence of delayed detection of cleft palate, and associated factors that could lead to improved identification at neonatal clinical examination. Audit of hospital notes, parental questionnaire incorporating open ended questions, and telephone questionnaire of junior doctors in the referring hospitals incorporating fixed choice questions. Of 344 cleft palate patients without cleft lip or submucous cleft palate, the day the cleft was detected was recorded in 92%. Delayed detection, after the first day, was 28% overall, distributed as 37% with isolated cleft palate and 23% with syndromic cleft palate. Narrow V shaped clefts were more likely to be delayed in detection compared with broad U shaped clefts, as were soft palate clefts compared with hard palate clefts. Five with isolated cleft palates were not detected until after the first year. Babies born at home were unlikely to be detected on day 1. Symptoms were significantly increased in the delayed detection group for feeding problems and nasal regurgitation. A telephone questionnaire of trainee paediatricians in referring units revealed that digital examination was more commonly practised than visual inspection, and few recalled receiving specific instruction on examination of the palate. Delayed detection of cleft palate was not uncommon, and the features of those more likely to be missed suggested digital examination was related. Trainee doctors and midwives should be instructed to inspect visually using a light and tongue depressor, then digitally if submucous cleft palate is suspected.

Numerical simulation of solitary waves on deep water with constant vorticity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dosaev, A. S.; Shishina, M. I.; Troitskaya, Yu I.

2018-01-01

Characteristics of solitary deep water waves on a flow with constant vorticity are investigated by numerical simulation within the framework of fully nonlinear equations of motion (Euler equations) using the method of surface-tracking conformal coordinates. To ensure that solutions observed are stable, soliton formation as a result of disintegration of an initial pulse-like disturbance is modeled. Evidence is obtained that solitary waves with height above a certain threshold are unstable.

Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States.

PubMed

Cloud, David H; Drucker, Ernest; Browne, Angela; Parsons, Jim

2015-01-01

The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today's supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solitary confinement in jails and prisons in accordance with established public health functions (e.g., violence prevention, health equity, surveillance, and minimizing of occupational and psychological hazards for correctional staff). Public health professionals should lead efforts to replace reliance on this overly punitive correctional policy with models based on rehabilitation and restorative justice.

Electrostatic odd symmetric eigenmode in inhomogeneous Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal equilibrium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woo, M.-H.; Dokgo, K.; Yoon, Peter H.; Lee, D.-Y.; Choi, Cheong R.

2018-04-01

A self-consistent electrostatic odd-symmetric eigenmode (OEM) is analytically found in a solitary type Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal (BGK) equilibrium. The frequency of the OEM is order of the electron bounce frequency and it is spatially odd-symmetric with the scale comparable to that of the solitary BGK equilibrium structure. Such an OEM is consistent with the recent observation from particle-in-cell simulation of the solitary wave [Dokgo et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 092107 (2016)]. The mode can be driven unstable by trapped electrons within the hole structure of the solitary wave. Such a low frequency, pure electron mode, which may possibly interact resonantly with the ion acoustic mode, provides a possible damping mechanism of the BGK equilibrium.

Mother-child play in children with Down syndrome and typical development

PubMed Central

Venuti, P.; de Falco, S.; Esposito, G.; Bornstein, Marc H.

2014-01-01

The present study compares child solitary and collaborative play with mother in 21 children with Down syndrome (DS) and 33 mental-age-matched typically developing (TD) children. In solitary play, children with DS showed less exploratory but similar symbolic play compared to TD children. From solitary to collaborative play, children with DS increased their exploratory play attaining the same level as TD children; Pretense significantly increased from solitary to collaborative play only in TD children . Differences between mothers’ play in the two groups mirrored those between their children. Child and mother play in both groups showed similar attunement and synchrony. Mothers contribute to the play development of children with DS through their own adaptation to their children’s limitations and potentialities alike. PMID:19642713

Solitary fibrous tumour of the cheek: An unusual presentation of a rare soft tissue tumour

PubMed Central

Jones, JL; Jones, AV; Drage, NA; Bhatia, S; Hourihan, MD

2014-01-01

This case report discusses the unusual presentation and ultrasound features of a solitary fibrous tumour of the face. Solitary fibrous tumour is an uncommon form of soft tissue tumour which, although seen predominantly within the lung pleura, can occur throughout the body in sites such as the peritoneum, mediastinum and head and neck. Ultrasound is an excellent imaging modality in the assessment of soft tissue masses in the head and neck. The ultrasound features demonstrated by this example of solitary fibrous tumour are reviewed. This report also highlights that ultrasound alone is ultimately limited in reaching a definitive diagnosis. The roles of other investigations such as ultrasound-guided biopsy and cross-sectional imaging are discussed. PMID:27433225

Obliquely propagating ion acoustic solitary structures in the presence of quantized magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iqbal Shaukat, Muzzamal

2017-10-01

The effect of linear and nonlinear propagation of electrostatic waves have been studied in degenerate magnetoplasma taking into account the effect of electron trapping and finite temperature with quantizing magnetic field. The formation of solitary structures has been investigated by employing the small amplitude approximation both for fully and partially degenerate quantum plasma. It is observed that the inclusion of quantizing magnetic field significantly affects the propagation characteristics of the solitary wave. Importantly, the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation under consideration has been found to allow the formation of compressive solitary structures only. The present investigation may be beneficial to understand the propagation of nonlinear electrostatic structures in dense astrophysical environments such as those found in white dwarfs.

Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States

PubMed Central

Drucker, Ernest; Browne, Angela; Parsons, Jim

2015-01-01

The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today’s supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solitary confinement in jails and prisons in accordance with established public health functions (e.g., violence prevention, health equity, surveillance, and minimizing of occupational and psychological hazards for correctional staff). Public health professionals should lead efforts to replace reliance on this overly punitive correctional policy with models based on rehabilitation and restorative justice. PMID:25393185

Evaluation of solitary waves as a mechanism for oil transport in poroelastic media: A case study of the South Eugene Island field, Gulf of Mexico basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, Ajit; Appold, Martin S.; Nunn, Jeffrey A.

Hydrocarbons in shallow reservoirs of the Eugene Island 330 field in the Gulf of Mexico basin are thought to have migrated rapidly along low permeability sediments of the Red fault zone as discrete pressure pulses from source rocks at depths of about 4.5 km. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that these pressure pulses represent solitary waves by investigating the mechanics of solitary wave formation and motion and wave oil transport capability. A two-dimensional numerical model of Eugene Island minibasin formation predicted overpressures at the hydrocarbon source depth to increase at an average rate of 30more » Pa/yr, reaching 52 MPa by the present day and oil velocities of 1E-12 m/yr, far too low for kilometer scale oil transport to fill shallow Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs within the 3.6 million year minibasin history. Calculations from a separate one-dimensional model that used the pressure generation rate from the two-dimensional model showed that solitary waves could only form and migrate within sediments that have very low permeabilities between 1-25 to 1-24 m2 and that are highly overpressured to 91-93% of lithostatic pressure. Solitary waves were found to have a maximum pore volume of 105 m3, to travel a maximum distance of 1-2 km, and to have a maximum velocity of 1-3 m/yr. Based on these results, solitary waves are unlikely to have transported oil to the shallowest reservoirs in the Eugene Island field in a poroelastic fault gouge rheology at the pressure generation rates likely to have been caused by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation. However, solitary waves could perhaps be important agents for oil transport in other locations where reservoirs are closer to the source rocks, where the pore space is occupied by more than one fluid, or where sudden fracturing of overpressured hydrocarbon source sediments would allow the solitary waves to propagate as shock waves. Hydrocarbons in shallow reservoirs of the Eugene Island 330 field in the Gulf of Mexico basin are thought to have migrated rapidly along low permeability sediments of the Red fault zone as discrete pressure pulses from source rocks at depths of about 4.5 km. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that these pressure pulses represent solitary waves by investigating the mechanics of solitary wave formation and motion and wave oil transport capability. A two-dimensional numerical model of Eugene Island minibasin formation predicted overpressures at the hydrocarbon source depth to increase at an average rate of 30 Pa/yr, reaching 52 MPa by the present day and oil velocities of 1-12 m/yr, far too low for kilometer scale oil transport to fill shallow Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs within the 3.6 million year minibasin history. Calculations from a separate one-dimensional model that used the pressure generation rate from the two-dimensional model showed that solitary waves could only form and migrate within sediments that have very low permeabilities between 1-25 to 1-24 m2 and that are highly overpressured to 91-93% of lithostatic pressure. Solitary waves were found to have a maximum pore volume of 100,000 m3, to travel a maximum distance of 1-2 km, and to have a maximum velocity of 1-3 m/yr. Based on these results, solitary waves are unlikely to have transported oil to the shallowest reservoirs in the Eugene Island field in a poroelastic fault gouge rheology at the pressure generation rates likely to have been caused by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation. However, solitary waves could perhaps be important agents for oil transport in other locations where reservoirs are closer to the source rocks, where the pore space is occupied by more than one fluid, or where sudden fracturing of overpressured hydrocarbon source sediments would allow the solitary waves to propagate as shock waves.« less

Solitary water wave interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Craig, W.; Guyenne, P.; Hammack, J.; Henderson, D.; Sulem, C.

2006-05-01

This article concerns the pairwise nonlinear interaction of solitary waves in the free surface of a body of water lying over a horizontal bottom. Unlike solitary waves in many completely integrable model systems, solitary waves for the full Euler equations do not collide elastically; after interactions, there is a nonzero residual wave that trails the post-collision solitary waves. In this report on new numerical and experimental studies of such solitary wave interactions, we verify that this is the case, both in head-on collisions (the counterpropagating case) and overtaking collisions (the copropagating case), quantifying the degree to which interactions are inelastic. In the situation in which two identical solitary waves undergo a head-on collision, we compare the asymptotic predictions of Su and Mirie [J. Fluid Mech. 98, 509 (1980)] and Byatt-Smith [J. Fluid Mech. 49, 625 (1971)], the wavetank experiments of Maxworthy [J. Fluid Mech. 76, 177 (1976)], and the numerical results of Cooker, Weidman, and Bale [J. Fluid Mech. 342, 141 (1997)] with independent numerical simulations, in which we quantify the phase change, the run-up, and the form of the residual wave and its Fourier signature in both small- and large-amplitude interactions. This updates the prior numerical observations of inelastic interactions in Fenton and Rienecker [J. Fluid Mech. 118, 411 (1982)]. In the case of two nonidentical solitary waves, our precision wavetank experiments are compared with numerical simulations, again observing the run-up, phase lag, and generation of a residual from the interaction. Considering overtaking solitary wave interactions, we compare our experimental observations, numerical simulations, and the asymptotic predictions of Zou and Su [Phys. Fluids 29, 2113 (1986)], and again we quantify the inelastic residual after collisions in the simulations. Geometrically, our numerical simulations of overtaking interactions fit into the three categories of Korteweg-deVries two-soliton solutions defined in Lax [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 21, 467 (1968)], with, however, a modification in the parameter regime. In all cases we have considered, collisions are seen to be inelastic, although the degree to which interactions depart from elastic is very small. Finally, we give several theoretical results: (i) a relationship between the change in amplitude of solitary waves due to a pairwise collision and the energy carried away from the interaction by the residual component, and (ii) a rigorous estimate of the size of the residual component of pairwise solitary wave collisions. This estimate is consistent with the analytic results of Schneider and Wayne [Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 53, 1475 (2000)], Wright [SIAM J. Math. Anal. 37, 1161 (2005)], and Bona, Colin, and Lannes [Arch. Rat. Mech. Anal. 178, 373 (2005)]. However, in light of our numerical data, both (i) and (ii) indicate a need to reevaluate the asymptotic results in Su and Mirie [J. Fluid Mech. 98, 509 (1980)] and Zou and Su [Phys. Fluids 29, 2113 (1986)].

Characterization of Neurofibromas of the Skin and Spinal Roots in a Mouse Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-01

neoplasms , particularly lymphoma (Figure 5C). The lack of grossly evident PNS tumors in these mice suggested that Ink4a deletion is not sufficient for...of MPNSTs in an Nf1+/ background. In addition to forming MPNSTs, we observed a significant frequency of hematopoietic neoplasms among Nf1+/Ink4a...acute myeloid leukemias as well as some mice with myeloproliferative disease. NCSCs Did Not Persist Postnatally in Nf1+/Ink4a/Arf/ Mice To test

Personality, negative affect coping, and drinking alone: a structural equation modeling approach to examine correlates of adolescent solitary drinking

PubMed Central

Creswell, Kasey G.; Chung, Tammy; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Clark, Duncan B.; Black, Jessica J.; Martin, Christopher S.

2015-01-01

Aims This study examined the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint and the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states as correlates of solitary drinking in adolescence. We hypothesized that higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of constraint would predict solitary drinking and that these relationships would be mediated by the ability to resist drinking in response to negative emotions. Design Structural equation modeling was used to fit a path model from the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint to solitary drinking status through intermediate effects on the ability to resist drinking during negative emotions using cross-sectional data. Setting Clinical and community settings in Pennsylvania, USA. Participants The sample included 761 adolescent drinkers (mean age = 17.1). Measurements Adolescents completed the Lifetime Drinking History, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Constructive Thinking Inventory and the Situational Confidence Questionnaire. Findings The path model provided a good fit to the data. The association between trait negative emotionality and solitary drinking was fully mediated by adolescents' ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = 0.05, P = 0.01). In contrast, constraint had a direct effect on solitary drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, b = –0.23, P<0.01), as well as an indirect effect through the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = –0.03, P = 0.02). Conclusions The ability to resist drinking while experiencing negative feelings or emotions may be an important underlying mechanism linking trait negative emotionality (a tendency toward depression, anxiety and poor reaction to stress) and constraint (lack of impulsiveness) to adolescent solitary drinking. PMID:25664806

Personality, negative affect coping, and drinking alone: a structural equation modeling approach to examine correlates of adolescent solitary drinking.

PubMed

Creswell, Kasey G; Chung, Tammy; Wright, Aidan G C; Clark, Duncan B; Black, Jessica J; Martin, Christopher S

2015-05-01

This study examined the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint and the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states as correlates of solitary drinking in adolescence. We hypothesized that higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of constraint would predict solitary drinking and that these relationships would be mediated by the ability to resist drinking in response to negative emotions. Structural equation modeling was used to fit a path model from the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint to solitary drinking status through intermediate effects on the ability to resist drinking during negative emotions using cross-sectional data. Clinical and community settings in Pennsylvania, USA. The sample included 761 adolescent drinkers (mean age = 17.1). Adolescents completed the Lifetime Drinking History, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Constructive Thinking Inventory and the Situational Confidence Questionnaire. The path model provided a good fit to the data. The association between trait negative emotionality and solitary drinking was fully mediated by adolescents' ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = 0.05, P = 0.01). In contrast, constraint had a direct effect on solitary drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, b = -0.23, P<0.01), as well as an indirect effect through the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = -0.03, P = 0.02). The ability to resist drinking while experiencing negative feelings or emotions may be an important underlying mechanism linking trait negative emotionality (a tendency toward depression, anxiety and poor reaction to stress) and constraint (lack of impulsiveness) to adolescent solitary drinking. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Galerkin Spectral Method for the 2D Solitary Waves of Boussinesq Paradigm Equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Christou, M. A.; Christov, C. I.

2009-10-29

We consider the 2D stationary propagating solitary waves of the so-called Boussinesq Paradigm equation. The fourth- order elliptic boundary value problem on infinite interval is solved by a Galerkin spectral method. An iterative procedure based on artificial time ('false transients') and operator splitting is used. Results are obtained for the shapes of the solitary waves for different values of the dispersion parameters for both subcritical and supercritical phase speeds.

Are There Optical Solitary Wave Solutions in Linear Media with Group Velocity Dispersion?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Zhonghao; Zhou, Guosheng

1996-01-01

A generalized exact optical bright solitary wave solution in a three dimensional dispersive linear medium is presented. The most interesting property of the solution is that it can exist in the normal group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) region. In addition, another peculiar feature is that it may achieve a condition of 'zero-dispersion' to the media so that a solitary wave of arbitrarily small amplitude may be propagated with no dependence on is pulse width.

The Management Strategy of Benign Solitary Intraductal Papilloma on Breast Core Biopsy.

PubMed

Ko, Dayoung; Kang, Eunyoung; Park, So Yeon; Kim, Sun Mi; Jang, Mijung; Yun, Bo La; Chae, Sumin; Jang, Yerang; Kim, Hye Jin; Kim, Sung-Won; Kim, Eun-Kyu

2017-08-01

Intraductal papilloma (IDP) is well-known as one of the common benign breast lesions requiring excision. However, treatment of IDP without atypia is controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the proper management of solitary IDP by core needle biopsy (CNB). We retrospectively reviewed patients with solitary IDP confirmed by CNB from March 2003 to March 2015. We collected data about final pathology after excision, as well as clinical, histologic, and radiologic findings at initial diagnosis. The final pathology was categorized as benign or malignant. We evaluated the rate of upgrade to malignancy and factors associated with malignancy. We identified 405 patients who presented benign solitary IDP by CNB. The mean age was 46.1 years (range, 15-86 years). In total, 135 patients underwent surgical excision, and 211 underwent vacuum-assisted excision. Of 346 patients, malignant lesions were found in 8 patients (2.3%): 7 underwent surgical excision, and 1 underwent vacuum-assisted excision. Only the size of IDP was significantly associated with cancer upgrade (P = .003). Our study shows that overall malignancy upgrade rate of benign solitary IDP after excision is very low (2.3%). Even when the size of IDP was less than 1 cm, the upgrade rate to cancer was only 0.9%. Therefore, for patients with small solitary IDP, we recommend close follow-up with ultrasound instead of excision. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The role of radiation therapy in the management of plasma cell tumors.

PubMed

Mill, W B; Griffith, R

1980-02-15

A retrospective review is reported of 128 patients presenting with multiple myeloma and 16 patients presenting with solitary plasmacytoma. Ninety-one percent of 116 evaluable patients treated for palliation of painful bone disease received some degree of subjective pain relief. The radiation dose most frequently prescribed was between 1500 and 2000 rad. Of the 278 ports treated, only 17 (6.1%) were re-treated to the same area at a later date. There was no increase in incidence of re-treatment with lower radiation doses. Ten of the 13 patients treated for a solitary plasmacytoma with a minumum follow-up period of three years have local tumor control. The median survival in the solitary plasmacytomas is five and one-half years. Data from the literature on 27 additional solitary plasmacytomas combined with our data suggest an improved local control and a decrease in dissemination with doses greater than 5000 rad. It is concluded that low doses of radiation are usually adequate to treat painful bone lesions of multiple myeloma and doses of 5000-6500 rad in six to seven weeks are recommended for solitary plasmacytomas.

Solitary wave for a nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation in nonlinear optical waveguide arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Li-Yuan; Ji, Jia-Liang; Xu, Zong-Wei; Zhu, Zuo-Nong

2018-03-01

We study a nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (dNLS) equation with the term of nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction occurred in nonlinear optical waveguide arrays. By using discrete Fourier transformation, we obtain numerical approximations of stationary and travelling solitary wave solutions of the nonintegrable dNLS equation. The analysis of stability of stationary solitary waves is performed. It is shown that the nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction term has great influence on the form of solitary wave. The shape of solitary wave is important in the electric field propagating. If we neglect the nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction term, much important information in the electric field propagating may be missed. Our numerical simulation also demonstrates the difference of chaos phenomenon between the nonintegrable dNLS equation with nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction and another nonintegrable dNLS equation without the term. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11671255 and 11701510), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (Grant No. MTM2016-80276-P (AEI/FEDER, EU)), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M621964).

Cylindrical fast magnetosonic solitary waves in quantum degenerate electron-positron-ion plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdikian, A.

2018-02-01

The nonlinear properties of fast magnetosonic solitary waves in a quantum degenerate electron-positron (e-p) plasma in the presence of stationary ions for neutralizing the plasma background of bounded cylindrical geometry were studied. By employing the standard reductive perturbation technique and the quantum hydrodynamic model for the e-p fluid, the cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (CKP) equation was derived for small, but finite, amplitude waves and was given the solitary wave solution for the parameters relevant to dense astrophysical objects such as white dwarf stars. By a suitable coordinate transformation, the CKP equation can be solved analytically. An analytical solution for magnetosonic solitons and periodic waves is presented. The numerical results reveal that the Bohm potential has a main effect on the periodic and solitary wave structures. By increasing the values of the plasma parameters, the amplitude of the solitary wave will be increased. The present study may be helpful in the understanding of nonlinear electromagnetic soliton waves propagating in both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, and can help in providing good agreement between theoretical results and laboratory plasma experiments.

Effect of electron temperature on small-amplitude electron acoustic solitary waves in non-planar geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bansal, Sona; Aggarwal, Munish; Gill, Tarsem Singh

2018-04-01

Effects of electron temperature on the propagation of electron acoustic solitary waves in plasma with stationary ions, cold and superthermal hot electrons is investigated in non-planar geometry employing reductive perturbation method. Modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is derived in the small amplitude approximation limit. The analytical and numerical calculations of the KdV equation reveal that the phase velocity of the electron acoustic waves increases as one goes from planar to non planar geometry. It is shown that the electron temperature ratio changes the width and amplitude of the solitary waves and when electron temperature is not taken into account,our results completely agree with the results of Javidan & Pakzad (2012). It is found that at small values of τ , solitary wave structures behave differently in cylindrical ( {m} = 1), spherical ( {m} = 2) and planar geometry ( {m} = 0) but looks similar at large values of τ . These results may be useful to understand the solitary wave characteristics in laboratory and space environments where the plasma have multiple temperature electrons.

Genetic tracing of the gustatory and trigeminal neural pathways originating from T1R3-expressing taste receptor cells and solitary chemoreceptor cells.

PubMed

Ohmoto, Makoto; Matsumoto, Ichiro; Yasuoka, Akihito; Yoshihara, Yoshihiro; Abe, Keiko

2008-08-01

We established transgenic mouse lines expressing a transneuronal tracer, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), under the control of mouse T1R3 gene promoter/enhancer. In the taste buds, WGA transgene was faithfully expressed in T1R3-positive sweet/umami taste receptor cells. WGA protein was transferred not laterally to the synapse-bearing, sour-responsive type III cells in the taste buds but directly to a subset of neurons in the geniculate and nodose/petrosal ganglia, and further conveyed to a rostro-central region of the nucleus of solitary tract. In addition, WGA was expressed in solitary chemoreceptor cells in the nasal epithelium and transferred along the trigeminal sensory pathway to the brainstem neurons. The solitary chemoreceptor cells endogenously expressed T1R3 together with bitter taste receptors T2Rs. This result shows an exceptional signature of receptor expression. Thus, the t1r3-WGA transgenic mice revealed the sweet/umami gustatory pathways from taste receptor cells and the trigeminal neural pathway from solitary chemoreceptor cells.

Multi-soliton interaction of a generalized Schrödinger-Boussinesq system in a magnetized plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Xue-Hui; Tian, Bo; Chai, Jun; Wu, Xiao-Yu; Guo, Yong-Jiang

2017-04-01

Under investigation in this paper is a generalized Schrödinger-Boussinesq system, which describes the stationary propagation of coupled upper-hybrid waves and magnetoacoustic waves in a magnetized plasma. Bilinear forms, one-, two- and three-soliton solutions are derived by virtue of the Hirota method and symbolic computation. Propagation and interaction for the solitons are illustrated graphically: Coefficients β1^{} and β2^{} can affect the velocities and propagation directions of the solitary waves. Amplitude, velocity and shape of the one solitary wave keep invariant during the propagation, implying that the transport of the energy is stable in the upper-hybrid and magnetoacoustic waves, and amplitude of the upper-hybrid wave is bigger than that of the magnetoacoustic wave. For the upper-hybrid and magnetoacoustic waves, head-on, overtaking and bound-state interaction between the two solitary waves are asymptotically depicted, respectively, indicating that the interaction between the two solitary waves is elastic. Elastic interaction between the bound-state soliton and a single one soliton is also displayed, and interaction among the three solitary waves is all elastic.

Nonlinear Electron Acoustic Waves in the Inner Magnetosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dillard, C. S.; Vasko, I.; Mozer, F.; Agapitov, O. V.

2017-12-01

The Van Allen Probes observe intense broad-band electrostatic wave activity in the inner magnetosphere. The high-resolution electric field measurements show that these broad-band wave activity is made of large-amplitude electrostatic solitary waves propagating generally along the background magnetic field with velocities of a few thousands km/s. There are generally two types of the observed solitary waves. The solitary waves with the bipolar parallel electric field are interpreted as electron phase space holes, while the nature of solitary waves with asymmetric parallel electric field has remained puzzling. In the present work we show that asymmetric solitary waves propagate with velocities (1000-5000 km/s) and have spatial scales (100 m-1 km) similar to those for electron-acoustic waves existing due to two temperature electron population. Through the numerical fluid simulation we show that the spikes are produced from the initially harmonic electron-acoustic perturbation due to the nonlinear steepening. Through the analysis of the modified KdV equation we show that the steepening is arrested at some moment by the collisionless Landau dissipation and results in formation of the observed asymmetric spikes (shocklets).

Controlled formation and reflection of a bright solitary matter-wave

PubMed Central

Marchant, A. L.; Billam, T. P.; Wiles, T. P.; Yu, M. M. H.; Gardiner, S. A.; Cornish, S. L.

2013-01-01

Bright solitons are non-dispersive wave solutions, arising in a diverse range of nonlinear, one-dimensional systems, including atomic Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive interactions. In reality, cold-atom experiments can only approach the idealized one-dimensional limit necessary for the realization of true solitons. Nevertheless, it remains possible to create bright solitary waves, the three-dimensional analogue of solitons, which maintain many of the key properties of their one-dimensional counterparts. Such solitary waves offer many potential applications and provide a rich testing ground for theoretical treatments of many-body quantum systems. Here we report the controlled formation of a bright solitary matter-wave from a Bose–Einstein condensate of 85Rb, which is observed to propagate over a distance of ∼1.1 mm in 150 ms with no observable dispersion. We demonstrate the reflection of a solitary wave from a repulsive Gaussian barrier and contrast this to the case of a repulsive condensate, in both cases finding excellent agreement with theoretical simulations using the three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation. PMID:23673650

Low frequency solitons and double layers in a magnetized plasma with two temperature electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rufai, O. R.; Bharuthram, R.; Singh, S. V.

2012-12-15

Finite amplitude non-linear ion-acoustic solitary waves and double layers are studied in a magnetized plasma with cold ions fluid and two distinct groups of Boltzmann electrons, using the Sagdeev pseudo-potential technique. The conditions under which the solitary waves and double layers can exist are found both analytically and numerically. We have shown the existence of negative potential solitary waves and double layers for subsonic Mach numbers, whereas in the unmagnetized plasma they can only in the supersonic Mach number regime. For the plasma parameters in the auroral region, the electric field amplitude of the solitary structures comes out to bemore » 49 mV/m which is in agreement of the Viking observations in this region.« less

Study of nonlinear electron-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a dissipative, nonplanar space plasma with superthermal hot electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Han, Jiu-Ning, E-mail: hanjiuning@126.com; He, Yong-Lin; Luo, Jun-Hua

2014-01-15

With the consideration of the superthermal electron distribution, we present a theoretical investigation about the nonlinear propagation of electron-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a dissipative, nonplanar non-Maxwellian plasma comprised of cold electrons, superthermal hot electrons, and stationary ions. The reductive perturbation technique is used to obtain a modified Korteweg-de Vries Burgers equation for nonlinear waves in this plasma. We discuss the effects of various plasma parameters on the time evolution of nonplanar solitary waves, the profile of shock waves, and the nonlinear structure induced by the collision between planar solitary waves. It is found that these parameters have significantmore » effects on the properties of nonlinear waves and collision-induced nonlinear structure.« less

Numerical analysis of internal solitary wave generation around a Island in Kuroshio Current using MITgcm.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kodaira, Tsubasa; Waseda, Takuji

2013-04-01

We have conducted ADCP and CTD measurements from 31/8/2010 to 2/9/2010 at the Miyake Island, located approximately 180 km south of Tokyo. The Kuroshio Current approached the island in this period, and the PALSAR image showed parabolic bright line upstream of the island. This bright line may be a surface signature of large amplitude internal solitary wave. Although our measurements did not explicitly show evidence of the internal solitary wave, critical condition might have been satisfied because of the Kuroshio Current and strong seasonal thermocline. To discover the generation mechanism of the large amplitude internal solitary wave at the Miyake Island, we have conducted non-hydrostatic numerical simulation with the MITgcm. A simple box domain, with open boundaries at all sides, is used. The island is simplified to circular cylinder or Gaussian Bell whose radius is 3km at ocean surface level. The size of the domain is 40kmx40kmx500m for circular cylinder cases and 80kmx80kmx500m for Gaussian bell cases. By looking at our CTD data, we have chosen for initial and boundary conditions a tanh function for vertical temperature profile. Salinity was kept constant for simplicity. Vertical density profile is also described by tanh function because we adopt linear type of equation of state. Vertical velocity profile is constant or linearly changed with depth; the vertical mean speed corresponds to the linear phase speed of the first baroclinic mode obtained by solving the eigen-value problem. With these configurations, we have conducted two series of simulations: shear flow through cylinder and uniform flow going through Gaussian Bell topography. Internal solitary waves were generated in front of the cylinder for the first series of simulations with shear flow. The generated internal waves almost purely consisted of 1st baroclinic component. Their intensities were linearly related with upstream vertical shear strength. As the internal solitary wave became larger, its width became wider compared to the KdV solution described by Grimshaw (2002). This is predicted because higher order analytical solution for 2-layer fluids, i.e. the eKdV solution, gives broader solitary wave shape than that of the KdV solution because of the cubic nonlinear term. When we look at the surface velocity distribution, a parabolic shape corresponding to internal solitary wave is clearly seen. According to the fully nonlinear theoretical model for internal wave between two fluids having background linear shear flow profiles (Choi and Camassa1999), the shape of internal wave is influenced by the velocity shear as well. However, we could not clarify the effect of vertical shear because there is no fully nonlinear analytical solution for large amplitude internal wave in continuously stratified fluid. Second series of simulations with uniform flow going through Gaussian Bell topography show that internal solitary wave shows up from sides of the topography. This generation is similar to the one developed in lee side of sill topography by tidal flow. With broader bell topography, generated internal waves become larger. This makes sense because forcing region is wider. A horizontal shape of the internal solitary wave is not parabolic but the two bending line forms from the sides of the island. However, no solitary wave in front of the island develops. Our results imply that vertical shear profile is needed for the formation of the depression type internal solitary, and explains the parabolic bright line observed in the SAR image

[18F-FDG PET-CT in a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the soft palate].

PubMed

Fernández López, R; Borrego Dorado, I; Paz Coll, A; Vázquez Albertino, R; Gómez Camarero, P; Sanz Viedma, S

2010-01-01

Solitary plasmacytoma is an uncommon tumor of plasma cells that can appear in the head and neck. It must be differentiated from multiple myeloma because of its initial presentation. A case of solitary plasmacytoma on the palate is presented. Furthermore, role of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (¹⁸F-FDG-PET) in its initial staging is analyzed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. y SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

Transverse instability of periodic and generalized solitary waves for a fifth-order KP model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haragus, Mariana; Wahlén, Erik

2017-02-01

We consider a fifth-order Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation which arises as a two-dimensional model in the classical water-wave problem. This equation possesses a family of generalized line solitary waves which decay exponentially to periodic waves at infinity. We prove that these solitary waves are transversely spectrally unstable and that this instability is induced by the transverse instability of the periodic tails. We rely upon a detailed spectral analysis of some suitably chosen linear operators.

[Adenocarcinoma of lung cancer with solitary metastasis to the stomach].

PubMed

Koh, Sung Ae; Lee, Kyung Hee

2014-09-25

Although hematogenous metastasis of cancer to the gastrointestinal track is rare, it sometime has been reported in patients with malignant melanoma and breast cancer. However, it is extremely rare for lung cancer to metastasize to the stomach, not to mention solitary gastric metastasis. Herein, the authors report a case of a 69-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with lung cancer with synchronous primary gastric cancer which proved to be lung cancer with solitary gastric metastasis after the operation.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as a unilateral solitary round pulmonary hilar node infarction.

PubMed

Yonemori, Kan; Kusumoto, Masahiko; Matsuno, Yoshihiro; Tateishi, Ukihide; Watanabe, Shun-Ichi; Watanabe, Takashi; Moriyama, Noriyuki

2006-03-01

Unilateral solitary pulmonary hilar node adenopathy is a rare presentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In this report, the authors present a case with a solitary pulmonary hilar lymph node infarction caused by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Enhanced CT examinations revealed a well-defined round mass with homogenous low attenuation in the left pulmonary hilum. Both radiological imaging and pathological examination can provide useful information for the interpretation of abnormalities and may enable the diagnosis of rare aetiologies.

A novel approach for solitary wave solutions of the generalized fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batool, Fiza; Akram, Ghazala

2018-01-01

In this article the solitary wave solutions of generalized fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (GZK) equation which appear in the electrical transmission line model are investigated. The (G'/G)-expansion method is used to obtain the solitary solutions of fractional GZK equation via local fractional derivative. Three classes of solutions, hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational wave solutions of the associated equation are characterized with some free parameters. The obtained solutions reveal that the proposed technique is effective and powerful.

[The effect of tachykinins microinjections into the solitary tract nucleus on respiration and blood circulation in rats].

PubMed

Chepurnov, S A; Iniushkin, A N

1997-04-01

Administration of substance P and kassinin into the solitary tract nucleus of anesthetized rats induced a dose-dependent increase in ventilation, tidal volume, inspiratory muscle activity, and a decrease in the mean blood pressure and heart rate. Microinjections of peptides caused a decrease in ventilatory response to hypoxia and an inhibition of the Breuer-Hering reflex. The data obtained suggest involvement of tachykinins in the respiratory and circulatory control via the solitary tract nucleus.

Stability properties of solitary waves for fractional KdV and BBM equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angulo Pava, Jaime

2018-03-01

This paper sheds new light on the stability properties of solitary wave solutions associated with Korteweg-de Vries-type models when the dispersion is very low. Using a compact, analytic approach and asymptotic perturbation theory, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of exponentially growing solutions to the linearized problem and so a criterium of spectral instability of solitary waves is obtained for both models. Moreover, the nonlinear stability and spectral instability of the ground state solutions for both models is obtained for some specific regimen of parameters. Via a Lyapunov strategy and a variational analysis, we obtain the stability of the blow-up of solitary waves for the critical fractional KdV equation. The arguments presented in this investigation show promise for use in the study of the instability of traveling wave solutions of other nonlinear evolution equations.

Bright, dark and W-shaped solitons with extended nonlinear Schrödinger's equation for odd and even higher-order terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bendahmane, Issam; Triki, Houria; Biswas, Anjan; Saleh Alshomrani, Ali; Zhou, Qin; Moshokoa, Seithuti P.; Belic, Milivoj

2018-02-01

We present solitary wave solutions of an extended nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order odd (third-order) and even (fourth-order) terms by using an ansatz method. The including high-order dispersion terms have significant physical applications in fiber optics, the Heisenberg spin chain, and ocean waves. Exact envelope solutions comprise bright, dark and W-shaped solitary waves, illustrating the potentially rich set of solitary wave solutions of the extended model. Furthermore, we investigate the properties of these solitary waves in nonlinear and dispersive media. Moreover, specific constraints on the system parameters for the existence of these structures are discussed exactly. The results show that the higher-order dispersion and nonlinear effects play a crucial role for the formation and properties of propagating waves.

Solitary waves in a peridynamic elastic solid

DOE PAGES

Silling, Stewart A.

2016-06-23

The propagation of large amplitude nonlinear waves in a peridynamic solid is ana- lyzed. With an elastic material model that hardens in compression, sufficiently large wave pulses propagate as solitary waves whose velocity can far exceed the linear wave speed. In spite of their large velocity and amplitude, these waves leave the material they pass through with no net change in velocity and stress. They are nondissipative and nondispersive, and they travel unchanged over large distances. An approximate solution for solitary waves is derived that reproduces the main features of these waves observed in computational simulations. We demonstrate, by numericalmore » studies, that waves interact only weakly with each other when they collide. Finally, we found that wavetrains composed of many non-interacting solitary waves form and propagate under certain boundary and initial conditions.« less

A neurogenic tumor containing a low-grade malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) component with loss of p16 expression and homozygous deletion of CDKN2A/p16: a case report showing progression from a neurofibroma to a high-grade MPNST.

PubMed

Tajima, Shogo; Koda, Kenji

2015-01-01

Development of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs) is a stepwise process that involves the alteration of many cell cycle regulators and the double inactivation of the NF1 gene. Inactivation of the TP53 gene and deletion of the CDKN2A/p16 gene are known to play an important role in the process. Herein, we present a 19-year-old man with a familial history of neurofibromatosis type 1, in whom the tumor arose from the intercostal nerve and showed 3 components: a neurofibroma, a low-grade MPNST, and a high-grade MPNST. Loss of p16 expression and homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A/p16 gene were observed in both the low-grade and the high-grade MPNST. In contrast to low-grade MPNSTs, high-grade MPNSTs generally tend to lose expression of p16 and harbor homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A/p16 gene. Loss of p16 expression and homozygous deletion of the CDKN2A/p16 gene in low-grade MPNST in our case might be related to its progression to high-grade MPNST. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study correlating the p16 expression status and CDKN2A/p16 gene alteration in low-grade MPNSTs.

High Incidence of Noonan Syndrome Features Including Short Stature and Pulmonic Stenosis in Patients carrying NF1 Missense Mutations Affecting p.Arg1809: Genotype-Phenotype Correlation.

PubMed

Rojnueangnit, Kitiwan; Xie, Jing; Gomes, Alicia; Sharp, Angela; Callens, Tom; Chen, Yunjia; Liu, Ying; Cochran, Meagan; Abbott, Mary-Alice; Atkin, Joan; Babovic-Vuksanovic, Dusica; Barnett, Christopher P; Crenshaw, Melissa; Bartholomew, Dennis W; Basel, Lina; Bellus, Gary; Ben-Shachar, Shay; Bialer, Martin G; Bick, David; Blumberg, Bruce; Cortes, Fanny; David, Karen L; Destree, Anne; Duat-Rodriguez, Anna; Earl, Dawn; Escobar, Luis; Eswara, Marthanda; Ezquieta, Begona; Frayling, Ian M; Frydman, Moshe; Gardner, Kathy; Gripp, Karen W; Hernández-Chico, Concepcion; Heyrman, Kurt; Ibrahim, Jennifer; Janssens, Sandra; Keena, Beth A; Llano-Rivas, Isabel; Leppig, Kathy; McDonald, Marie; Misra, Vinod K; Mulbury, Jennifer; Narayanan, Vinodh; Orenstein, Naama; Galvin-Parton, Patricia; Pedro, Helio; Pivnick, Eniko K; Powell, Cynthia M; Randolph, Linda; Raskin, Salmo; Rosell, Jordi; Rubin, Karol; Seashore, Margretta; Schaaf, Christian P; Scheuerle, Angela; Schultz, Meredith; Schorry, Elizabeth; Schnur, Rhonda; Siqveland, Elizabeth; Tkachuk, Amanda; Tonsgard, James; Upadhyaya, Meena; Verma, Ishwar C; Wallace, Stephanie; Williams, Charles; Zackai, Elaine; Zonana, Jonathan; Lazaro, Conxi; Claes, Kathleen; Korf, Bruce; Martin, Yolanda; Legius, Eric; Messiaen, Ludwine

2015-11-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most frequent genetic disorders, affecting 1:3,000 worldwide. Identification of genotype-phenotype correlations is challenging because of the wide range clinical variability, the progressive nature of the disorder, and extreme diversity of the mutational spectrum. We report 136 individuals with a distinct phenotype carrying one of five different NF1 missense mutations affecting p.Arg1809. Patients presented with multiple café-au-lait macules (CALM) with or without freckling and Lisch nodules, but no externally visible plexiform neurofibromas or clear cutaneous neurofibromas were found. About 25% of the individuals had Noonan-like features. Pulmonic stenosis and short stature were significantly more prevalent compared with classic cohorts (P < 0.0001). Developmental delays and/or learning disabilities were reported in over 50% of patients. Melanocytes cultured from a CALM in a segmental NF1-patient showed two different somatic NF1 mutations, p.Arg1809Cys and a multi-exon deletion, providing genetic evidence that p.Arg1809Cys is a loss-of-function mutation in the melanocytes and causes a pigmentary phenotype. Constitutional missense mutations at p.Arg1809 affect 1.23% of unrelated NF1 probands in the UAB cohort, therefore this specific NF1 genotype-phenotype correlation will affect counseling and management of a significant number of patients. © 2015 The Authors. **Human Mutation published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Videothoracoscopy in the treatment of benign neurogenic tumours of the posterior mediastinum

PubMed Central

Brzeziński, Daniel; Kozak, Józef

2014-01-01

Introduction The indications for videothoracoscopy are very broad and include the treatment of mediastinal tumours. Aim To present our experience of using the minimally invasive technique in treating benign neurogenic tumours. Material and methods Twenty-two patients were treated due to tumours of the posterior mediastinum from 2003 to 2012. The size of the tumours ranged from 2 cm to 25 cm. Tumours up to the size of 6 cm were treated using videothoracoscopy (VT), bigger ones through thoracotomy. Results The videothoracoscopy technique was used in 17 patients, thoracotomy in 5. In 2 cases conversion was required due to adhesions in the pleural cavity preventing VT treatment. Complications related to the procedure were not observed. The average time of hospital stay after VT treatment was 4 days, while after thoracotomy it was 6 days. Histologically, tumours of benign nature were found in all cases. Schwannoma was diagnosed in 15 patients, ganglioneuroma in 3 patients, neurofibroma in 3 patients, and chemodectoma in 1 patient. None of the 3 cases of neurofibroma was associated with Recklinghausen's disease. At a mean follow-up of 60 months no recurrence of the tumour was found. Conclusions In the case of tumours up to 6 cm the best surgical technique is videothoracoscopy. In the case of large tumours the best access is the open technique. The minimally invasive technique allows one to shorten the patient's treatment time, reduce postoperative pain and obtain a good cosmetic effect of the treatment. PMID:25337152

Imatinib mesylate (Glivec) inhibits Schwann cell viability and reduces the size of human plexiform neurofibroma in a xenograft model.

PubMed

Demestre, Maria; Herzberg, Jan; Holtkamp, Nikola; Hagel, Christian; Reuss, David; Friedrich, Reinhard E; Kluwe, Lan; Von Deimling, Andreas; Mautner, Victor-F; Kurtz, Andreas

2010-05-01

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNF), one of the major features of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), are characterized by complex cellular composition and mostly slow but variable growth patterns. In this study, we examined the effect of imatinib mesylate, a receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, on PNF-derived Schwann cells and PNF tumour growth in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, PNF-derived primary Schwann cells express platelet-derived growth factors receptors (PDGFR) alpha and beta, both targets of imatinib, and cell viability was reduced by imatinib mesylate, with 50% inhibition concentration (IC(50)) of 10 microM. For in vivo studies, PNF tumour fragments xenografted onto the sciatic nerve of athymic nude mice were first characterized. The tumours persisted for at least 63 days and maintained typical characteristics of PNFs such as complex cellular composition, low proliferation rate and angiogenesis. A transient enlargement of the graft size was due to inflammation by host cells. Treatment with imatinib mesylate at a daily dose of 75 mg/kg for 4 weeks reduced the graft size by an average of 80% (n = 8), significantly different from the original sizes within the group and from sizes of the grafts in 11 untreated mice in the control group (P < 0.001). We demonstrated that grafting human PNF tumour fragments into nude mice provides an adequate in vivo model for drug testing. Our results provide in vivo and in vitro evidence for efficacy of imatinib mesylate for PNF.

Solitary Bone Plasmacytoma Progressing into Retroperitoneal Plasma Cell Myeloma with No Related End Organ or Tissue Impairment: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Tikku, Gargi; Jain, Monica; Mridha, Asit; Grover, Rajesh

2014-01-01

Solitary bone plasmacytomas and plasma cell myeloma are clonal proliferations of plasma cells. Many patients with solitary bone plasmacytomas develop plasma cell myeloma on follow-up. We present a case of a 70-year-old man who presented with fracture and a lytic lesion in the subtrochanteric region of the left femur and was assigned a diagnosis of solitary bone plasmacytoma. He received local curative radiotherapy. However, 4 months later his serum M protein and β2-microglobulin levels increased to 2.31 g/dL and 5.965 mg/L, respectively. He complained of abdominal fullness and constipation. Ultrasound and non-contrast CT imaging revealed multiple retroperitoneal masses. Colonoscopic examination was normal. Biopsy of the a retroperitoneal mass confirmed it to be a plasmacytoma. Repeat hemogram, blood urea, serum creatinine, skeletal survey, and bone marrow examination revealed no abnormalities. This is an unusual presentation of plasma cell myeloma, which manifested as multiple huge extramedullary retroperitoneal masses and arose from a solitary bone plasmacytoma, without related end organ or tissue impairment and bone marrow plasmacytosis. The patient succumbed to his disease 8 months after the appearance of the retroperitoneal masses. This case highlights the importance of close monitoring of patients diagnosed with solitary bone plasmacytoma with increased serum M protein and serum β2-microglobulin levels, so that early therapy can be instituted to prevent conversion to plasma cell myeloma. PMID:25330522

Dynamics of shaping ultrashort optical dissipative solitary pulses in the actively mode-locked semiconductor laser with an external long-haul single-mode fiber cavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shcherbakov, Alexandre S.; Moreno Zarate, Pedro

2010-02-01

We describe the conditions of shaping regular trains of optical dissipative solitary pulses, excited by multi-pulse sequences of periodic modulating signals, in the actively mode-locked semiconductor laser heterostructure with an external long-haul single-mode silicon fiber exhibiting square-law dispersion, cubic Kerr nonlinearity, and linear optical losses. The presented model for the analysis includes three principal contributions associated with the modulated gain, optical losses, as well as linear and nonlinear phase shifts. In fact, the trains of optical dissipative solitary pulses appear within simultaneous presenting and a balance of mutually compensating interactions between the second-order dispersion and cubic-law Kerr nonlinearity as well as between active medium gain and linear optical losses in the combined cavity. Within such a model, a contribution of the nonlinear Ginzburg-Landau operator to shaping the parameters of optical dissipative solitary pulses is described via exploiting an approximate variational procedure involving the technique of trial functions. Finally, the results of the illustrating proof-of-principle experiments are briefly presented and discussed in terms of optical dissipative solitary pulses.

Solitary phalanx plasmacytoma relapse with disseminated extramedullary plasmacytomas and myeloma after short duration of remission.

PubMed

Celik, I; Baltali, E; Barişta, I; Tekuzman, G; Kansu, E; Atahan, L; Güngen, Y; Firat, D

1996-01-01

Solitary bone plasmacytomas account for 5-7% of multiple myeloma cases and are assumed to have a fairly good prognosis, with a long duration of relapse-free survival after primary local treatment. Isolated phalanx plasmacytoma is a very rare entity, because involvement of extremities is seen in less than 1% of all solitary bone plasmacytomas, where they are usually localized centripedally, often in the axial skeleton. A 68 year old patient with a lytic lesion involving 5th phalanx was diagnosed as having a biopsy-proven solitary plasmacytoma, with a negative work-up for coexisting plasma cell dyscrasia. Three and a half months after completion of radiotherapy of the involved phalanx, the patient was readmitted with hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency and subsequently diagnosed as having atypical plasma cell infiltration of marrow, and plasmacytomas involving the right vocal cord and the premaxillary region, as well as pathological ulna fracture. Plasmacytoma of the phalanx, with extreme short duration of remission and an aggressive type of clinical relapse, is in sharp contrast with the natural stable course of a solitary plasmacytoma where the use of systemic treatment is subject to intense debate.

Juvenile Solitary Confinement as a Form of Child Abuse.

PubMed

Clark, Andrew B

2017-09-01

Placing incarcerated juveniles into solitary confinement continues to occur in certain states of the United States, despite the accumulating evidence that it may cause substantial psychological damage to the teenagers who must endure it. The practice has been widely condemned by professional and human rights organizations, amid a growing appreciation of the immaturity and vulnerability of the adolescent brain. Although several states and the federal government have been successful in abolishing or dramatically reducing the use of juvenile solitary confinement, it remains common practice in many facilities. Clinicians working in correctional facilities where juvenile solitary confinement is employed are therefore faced with difficult questions of ethics, as to how best to balance their competing duties, and how to respond to such state-sanctioned ill treatment of their patients. Given the emerging consensus around the psychological damage wrought by sustained solitary confinement, clinicians may well reach the difficult conclusion that they are both legally mandated and ethically bound to file a report of suspected child abuse. Such a report would be unlikely to be investigated for administrative reasons, but it would allow clinicians to communicate the gravity of their concern effectively. © 2017 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

Phenotypic transformation affects associative learning in the desert locust.

PubMed

Simões, Patrício M V; Niven, Jeremy E; Ott, Swidbert R

2013-12-02

In desert locusts, increased population densities drive phenotypic transformation from the solitarious to the gregarious phase within a generation [1-4]. Here we show that when presented with odor-food associations, the two extreme phases differ in aversive but not appetitive associative learning, with solitarious locusts showing a conditioned aversion more quickly than gregarious locusts. The acquisition of new learned aversions was blocked entirely in acutely crowded solitarious (transiens) locusts, whereas appetitive learning and prior learned associations were unaffected. These differences in aversive learning support phase-specific feeding strategies. Associative training with hyoscyamine, a plant alkaloid found in the locusts' habitat [5, 6], elicits a phase-dependent odor preference: solitarious locusts avoid an odor associated with hyoscyamine, whereas gregarious locusts do not. Remarkably, when solitarious locusts are crowded and then reconditioned with the odor-hyoscyamine pairing as transiens, the specific blockade of aversive acquisition enables them to override their prior aversive memory with an appetitive one. Under fierce food competition, as occurs during crowding in the field, this provides a neuroecological mechanism enabling locusts to reassign an appetitive value to an odor that they learned previously to avoid. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Chirped solitary pulses for a nonic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a continuous-wave background

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Triki, Houria; Porsezian, K.; Choudhuri, Amitava; Dinda, P. Tchofo

2016-06-01

A class of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic-quintic-septic-nonic nonlinear terms describing the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses through a nonlinear medium with higher-order Kerr responses is investigated. An intensity-dependent chirp ansatz is adopted for solving the two coupled amplitude-phase nonlinear equations of the propagating wave. We find that the dynamics of field amplitude in this system is governed by a first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a tenth-degree nonlinear term. We demonstrate that this system allows the propagation of a very rich variety of solitary waves (kink, dark, bright, and gray solitary pulses) which do not coexist in the conventional nonlinear systems that have appeared so far in the literature. The stability of the solitary wave solution under some violation on the parametric conditions is investigated. Moreover, we show that, unlike conventional systems, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation considered here meets the special requirements for the propagation of a chirped solitary wave on a continuous-wave background, involving a balance among group velocity dispersion, self-steepening, and higher-order nonlinearities of different nature.

New exact periodic solitary-wave solutions for the new (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in multi-temperature electron plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jian-Guo; Tian, Yu; Zeng, Zhi-Fang

2017-10-01

In this paper, we aim to introduce a new form of the (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation for the long waves of small amplitude with slow dependence on the transverse coordinate. By using the Hirota's bilinear form and the extended homoclinic test approach, new exact periodic solitary-wave solutions for the new (3+1)-dimensional generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation are presented. Moreover, the properties and characteristics for these new exact periodic solitary-wave solutions are discussed with some figures.

Two-dimensional solitary waves and periodic waves on coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Heng; Zheng, Shuhua

2017-06-01

By using the dynamical system approach, the exact travelling wave solutions for a system of coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines are studied. Based on this method, the bifurcations of phase portraits of a dynamical system are given. The two-dimensional solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions on coupled nonlinear transmission lines are obtained. With the aid of Maple, the numerical simulations are conducted for solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions to the model equation. The results presented in this paper improve upon previous studies.

Recurrent clot anuria following laparoscopic pyeloplasty in a solitary functioning kidney: managing with double guide wire technique

PubMed Central

Kumar, Santosh; Singh, Shivanshu; Parmar, Kalpesh Mahesh; Garg, Nitin

2014-01-01

Clot anuria in a solitary functioning kidney is an emergency situation. Haematuria with clot anuria in an early postoperative period represents a challenge, as treatment options are limited. Manipulation of the anastomotic site may lead to anastomotic disruption and urinoma while use of thrombolytic therapy poses the danger of increasing haematuria. We report a case of anuria due to clot retention in the upper tract following laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in a solitary functioning kidney, managed successfully with double guide wire technique. PMID:25540210

Expression of Cocaine and Amphetamine Regulated Transcript (CART) in the Porcine Intramural Neurons of Stomach in the Course of Experimentally Induced Diabetes Mellitus.

PubMed

Bulc, Michał; Gonkowski, Sławomir; Całka, Jarosław

2015-11-01

In the present study, the effect of streptozotocin-induced diabetes on the cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript-like immunoreactive (CART-LI) enteric nervous structures was investigated within the porcine stomach. To induce diabetes, the pigs were administered intravenously streptozotocin at a dose of 150 mg/kg of body weight. A significant decrease of the number of CART-LI perikarya was observed in the myenteric plexus of the gastric antrum, corpus, and pylorus in the experimental group. In contrast, submucous plexus was devoid of CART-positive neuronal cells both in control and experimental animals. In the control group, the highest densities of CART-LI nerve fibers were observed in the circular muscle layer of antrum and slightly less nerve fibers were present in the muscle layer of corpus and pylorus. In turn, submucous layer of all studied stomach regions revealed relatively smaller number of CART-positive nerve fibers. Diabetes caused statistically significant decrease in the expression of CART-LI nerve fibers only in the antrum circular muscle layer. Also, no changes in the CART-like immunoreactivity in the intraganglionic nerve fibers were observed. The obtained results suggest that acute hyperglycemia produced significant reduction of the CART expression in enteric perikarya throughout entire stomach as well as decrease of density the CART-LI fibers in circular muscle layer of the antrum. Additionally, we suggest that CART might be involved in the regulation of stomach function especially in the gastric motility.

Effectiveness of Aloe Vera and Antioxidant along with Physiotherapy in the Management of Oral Submucous Fibrosis.

PubMed

Singh, Nisha; Hebbale, Manjula; Mhapuskar, Amit; Ul Nisa, Shams; Thopte, Shameeka; Singh, Saumya

2016-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-established precancerous condition affecting the oral mucosa. It is a disease that causes significant morbidity (in terms of loss of mouth function as tissues become rigid and mouth opening becomes difficult) and mortality (when transformation into squamous cell carcinoma occurs). The aim of the study is to compare the efficacy of Aloe vera with antioxidant when given along with physiotherapy in the management of OSMF. Forty patients presenting with clinical signs and symptoms of OSMF were included for the study after informed consent. Group A included 20 patients who received Aloe vera gel (forever living gel) along with physiotherapy. Group B included 20 patients who received antioxidant capsules twice daily for 3 months along with physiotherapy exercises four times in a day. The following parameters, that is, burning sensation, mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility were recorded at each visit. Majority of the participant enrolled were in the age range of 30 to 35 years. Improvement in all the parameters was seen with the individuals receiving Aloe vera gel in comparison to antioxidants. So, Aloe vera being a soothing, simple and safe mode of treatment along with proper habit restriction can be considered to be an effectual protocol in the management of OSMF. The analgesic effects of Aloe vera with the physiotherapy exercises provide better results in reducing burning sensation and improving mouth opening, tongue protrusion and cheek flexibility in comparison to antioxidants.

Epithelial atrophy in oral submucous fibrosis is mediated by copper (II) and arecoline of areca nut

PubMed Central

Khan, Imran; Pant, Ila; Narra, Sivakrishna; Radhesh, Rekha; Ranganathan, Kannan; Rao, Somanahalli Girish; Kondaiah, Paturu

2015-01-01

Exposure of oral cavity to areca nut is associated with several pathological conditions including oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Histopathologically OSF is characterized by epithelial atrophy, chronic inflammation, juxtaepithelial hyalinization, leading to fibrosis of submucosal tissue and affects 0.5% of the population in the Indian subcontinent. As the molecular mechanisms leading to atrophied epithelium and fibrosis are poorly understood, we studied areca nut actions on human keratinocyte and gingival fibroblast cells. Areca nut water extract (ANW) was cytotoxic to epithelial cells and had a pro-proliferative effect on fibroblasts. This opposite effect of ANW on epithelial and fibroblast cells was intriguing but reflects the OSF histopathology such as epithelial atrophy and proliferation of fibroblasts. We demonstrate that the pro-proliferative effects of ANW on fibroblasts are dependent on insulin-like growth factor signalling while the cytotoxic effects on keratinocytes are dependent on the generation of reactive oxygen species. Treatment of keratinocytes with arecoline which is a component of ANW along with copper resulted in enhanced cytotoxicity which becomes comparable to IC50 of ANW. Furthermore, studies using cyclic voltammetry, mass spectrometry and plasmid cleavage assay suggested that the presence of arecoline increases oxidation reduction potential of copper leading to enhanced cleavage of DNA which could generate an apoptotic response. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP Nick End Labeling assay and Ki-67 index of OSF tissue sections suggested epithelial apoptosis, which could be responsible for the atrophy of OSF epithelium. PMID:26248978

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in chronic areca nut chewing Indian women: Case series and review of literature.

PubMed

Muttagi, Sidramesh Shivanand; Chaturvedi, Pankaj; Gaikwad, Rohith; Singh, Bikramjit; Pawar, Prashant

2012-01-01

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is an important public health problem in India. Several risk factors such as tobacco, human papilloma virus, alcohol, areca nut usage have been extensively studied as causative agents. Though Areca nut chewing is known cause of oral cancer, its association with hypopharynx cancer has not been previously reported. Since areca nut is mostly consumed along with tobacco, it is uncommon to find patients who consume the areca nut alone. This is a prospective case series of ten women who presented to us with HNSCC with history of chewing of areca nut alone for several years. We have excluded all those cases where areca nut was consumed along with tobacco in any form. The data were prospectively collected with regard to clinical parameters, duration and frequency of areca nut usage, the socio-economic status and education level. All ten females had varying degree of submucous fibrosis and coexisting squamous cell carcinoma either in the oral cavity or hypopharynx. Submucous fibrosis was characterized by burning mouth, unhealthy oral mucosa, buried third molars, trismus, poor oral hygiene, etc. The disease presented in an advanced stage in majority of the cases. All patients were unaware of areca nut's deleterious effects. Areca nut chewing is an important risk factor for HNSCC in females. Despite plethora of information, little importance is given to areca nut control in cancer prevention campaigns in India.

Craniofacial structure variations in patients with palatal anomalies and velopharyngeal dysfunction.

PubMed

Nachmani, Ariela; Aizenbud, Dror; Nageris, Ben; Emodi, Omri; Kassem, Firas

2017-02-01

Cephalometric evaluation of craniofacial and craniopharyngeal morphology is important for understanding the factors affecting velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) in patients with palatal anomalies. In this study, 366 patients with VPD were retrospectively stratified into cleft lip and palate (CLP), cleft palate (CP), submucous cleft palate (SMCP), occult submucous cleft palate (OSMCP), and non-CP groups. Lateral cephalometrics were used to assess craniofacial, craniopharyngeal, and velopharyngeal anatomy. The average craniofacial morphology in patients with VPD differed significantly according to the type of palatal anomaly. The non-CP and OSMCP groups differed from the CLP, CP, and SMCP groups in nasopharyngeal size and shape as depicted by a larger ANS-Ptm-Ve angle, a smaller S-N-Ba and NBa-PP angles, and a shorter linear value of S-Ar in the non-CP group. The CLP and CP groups had shorter ANS-Ptm, shorter Ptm-P, and smaller SNA and SNB angles. VPD patients with overt clefts have different skeletal and nasopharyngeal shapes compared to non-CP and OSMCP. Velopharyngeal function assessment should include the size and shape of the nasopharyngeal space in addition to the size and the activity of the velum and posterior and lateral walls of the nasopharynx. This should enable a more precise understanding of VPD pathology, and lead to improvements in the posterior pharyngeal flap technique in order to obtain better postoperative speech outcomes after surgical management of velopharyngeal dysfunction. Copyright © 2016 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Repair of a submucous cleft palate by W-pushback and levator repositioning without incision to the nasal mucosa.

PubMed

Hwang, Kun

2012-03-01

The author created an innovative method of W-pushback and levator repositioning without having to make an incision to the nasal mucosa for submucous cleft palate repair.The W-shaped mucoperiosteal flap is outlined where the 2 peaks of W are the alveolar processes of both canine teeth and the midpoint of W is the anterior limit of the cleft notch of the hard palate. A short incision, medial to and behind the maxillary tuberosity and curved forward onto the palate and extended forward just medial to the alveolar process, is joined by a second incision from the apex of the cleft to the region of the canine tooth. The W-shaped mucoperiosteal flap is raised until the midline notch of the hard palate is exposed. The nasal mucosa and abnormally inserted levator veli palatini muscle to the posterior border of the hard palate bone are detached. By leaving the nasal mucosa intact, the detached levator veli palatini muscle is approximated at the midline and so the zona pellucida is obliterated. The cleft uvulas are cut in half and closed. The approximated W-flap is joined to the small anterior flap by 1 or more sutures (the W-pushback).Three patients were operated on with this technique without serious complications.The author believes that this method can make the levator sling and increase the length of the soft palate without making an incision to the nasal mucosa.

Grouping facilitates avoidance of parasites by fish

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Parasite distribution is often highly heterogeneous, and intensity of infection depends, among other things, on how well hosts can avoid areas with a high concentration of parasites. We studied the role of fish behaviour in avoiding microhabitats with a high infection risk using Oncorhynchus mykiss and cercariae of Diplostomum pseudospathaceum as a model. Spatial distribution of parasites in experimental tanks was highly heterogeneous. We hypothesized that fish in groups are better at recognizing a parasitized area and avoiding it than solitary fish. Methods Number of fish, either solitary or in groups of 5, was recorded in different compartments of a shuttle tank where fish could make a choice between areas with different risk of being infected. Intensity of infection was assessed and compared with the number of fish recorded in the compartment with parasites and level of fish motility. Results Both solitary fish and fish in groups avoided parasitized areas, but fish in groups avoided it more strongly and thus acquired significantly fewer parasites than solitary fish. Prevalence of infection among grouped and solitary fish was 66 and 92 %, respectively, with the mean abundance two times higher in the solitary fish. Between-individual variation in the number of parasites per fish was higher in the “groups” treatment (across all individuals) than in the “solitary” treatment. Avoidance behaviour was more efficient when fish were allowed to explore the experimental arena prior to parasite exposure. High motility of fish was shown to increase the acquisition of D. pseudospathaceum. Conclusion Fish in groups better avoided parasitized habitat, and acquired significantly fewer parasites than solitary fish. We suggest that fish in groups benefit from information about parasites gained from other members of a group. Grouping behaviour may be an efficient mechanism of parasite avoidance, together with individual behaviour and immune responses of fishes. Avoidance of habitats with a high parasite risk can be an important factor contributing to the evolution and maintenance of grouping behaviour in fish. PMID:24499549

[Etiologic spectrum of solitary constitutional syndrome].

PubMed

Hernández Hernández, J L; Matorras Galán, P; Riancho Moral, J A; González-Macías, J

2002-07-01

To know the spectrum of diseases responsible for the solitary constitutional syndrome in our setting. This syndrome was defined as a clinical picture characterized by the presence of asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss of at least 5% of body weight in the last six months, not associated with any other symptom or sign suggesting the diagnosis of an organ or system disease. All patients diagnosed of the solitary constitutional syndrome (328) in a tertiary-care level teaching hospital between January 1991 and December 1996. Fifty-two (170) percent of patients with solitary constitutional syndrome were males and 48% (158) females. The mean age was 65.4%, ranging from 15 to 97 years. The average of the monthly estimated weight loss was 3 to 4 kilograms. A total of 115 (35%) malignant neoplasms and 5 (1.5%) benign tumors were diagnosed. The most common malignant tumors corresponded to the digestive tract (51.3% of the total malignant tumors). The second cause in frequency of the solitary constitutional syndrome corresponded to psychiatric diseases, with a total of 80 patients (24.3%). A total of 116 non-neoplastic organic diseases were detected, with digestive tract diseases --mainly peptic disease-- being the most common cause in this group. After follow-up, only in twenty cases were we unable to detect the underlying disease responsible for the syndrome. In nine of these, the solitary constitutional syndrome was self-limited. Forty-four percent of patients had at least another concomitant disease and in 24% of patients more than one associated condition was found. The most common diseases responsible for the solitary constitutional syndrome were, by decreasing frequency, malignant tumors, psychiatric disorders, and non-malignant organic diseases located in the digestive tract. A better knowledge of the etiological spectrum of this syndrome might be useful for a more efficient management of these patients.

Kinematics and dynamics of a solitary wave interacting with varying bathymetry and/or a vertical wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papoutsellis, Christos; Athanassoulis, Gerassimos; Charalampopoulos, Alexis-Tzianni

2017-04-01

In this work, we investigate the transformations that solitary surface waves undergo during their interaction with uneven seabed and/or fully reflective vertical boundaries. This is accomplished by performing simulations using a non-local Hamiltonian formulation, taking into account full nonlinearity and dispersion, in the presence of variable seabed [1]. This formulation is based on an exact coupled-mode representation of the velocity potential, leading to efficient and accurate computations of the Dirichlet to Neumann operator, required in Zakharov/Craig-Sulem formulation [2], [3]. In addition, it allows for the efficient computation of wave kinematics (velocity, acceleration) and the pressure field, in the time-dependent fluid domain, up to its physical boundaries. Such computations are performed for the case of high-amplitude solitary waves interacting with varying bathymetry and/or a vertical wall, shedding light to their kinematics and dynamics. More specifically, we first consider two benchmark cases, namely the transformation of solitary waves over a plane beach [4], and the reflection of solitary waves on a vertical wall [5]. As a further step, results on the scattering/reflection of a solitary wave due to an undulating seabed, and on the disintegration of a solitary wave travelling form shallow to deep water are also presented. References:[1] G.A. Athanassoulis. & Ch.E. Papoutsellis, in Volume 7: Ocean Engineering, ASME, OMAE2015-41452, p. V007T06A029 (2015)[2] W. Craig, C. Sulem, J. Comp. Phys. 108, 73-83 (1993) [3] V. Zakharov, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys 9, 86-94 (1968)[4] S. Grilli, R. Subramanya, T. Svendsen. & J. Veeramony, J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 120(6), 609-628. (1994)[5] Y.Y. Chen, C. Kharif , J.H. Yang, H.C. Hsu, J. Touboul & J. Chambarel, Eur. J. Mech B-Fluid 49, 20-28 (2015)

The Mouse Solitary Odorant Receptor Gene Promoters as Models for the Study of Odorant Receptor Gene Choice.

PubMed

Degl'Innocenti, Andrea; Parrilla, Marta; Harr, Bettina; Teschke, Meike

2016-01-01

In vertebrates, several anatomical regions located within the nasal cavity mediate olfaction. Among these, the main olfactory epithelium detects most conventional odorants. Olfactory sensory neurons, provided with cilia exposed to the air, detect volatile chemicals via an extremely large family of seven-transmembrane chemoreceptors named odorant receptors. Their genes are expressed in a monogenic and monoallelic fashion: a single allele of a single odorant receptor gene is transcribed in a given mature neuron, through a still uncharacterized molecular mechanism known as odorant receptor gene choice. Odorant receptor genes are typically arranged in genomic clusters, but a few are isolated (we call them solitary) from the others within a region broader than 1 Mb upstream and downstream with respect to their transcript's coordinates. The study of clustered genes is problematic, because of redundancy and ambiguities in their regulatory elements: we propose to use the solitary genes as simplified models to understand odorant receptor gene choice. Here we define number and identity of the solitary genes in the mouse genome (C57BL/6J), and assess the conservation of the solitary status in some mammalian orthologs. Furthermore, we locate their putative promoters, predict their homeodomain binding sites (commonly present in the promoters of odorant receptor genes) and compare candidate promoter sequences with those of wild-caught mice. We also provide expression data from histological sections. In the mouse genome there are eight intact solitary genes: Olfr19 (M12), Olfr49, Olfr266, Olfr267, Olfr370, Olfr371, Olfr466, Olfr1402; five are conserved as solitary in rat. These genes are all expressed in the main olfactory epithelium of three-day-old mice. The C57BL/6J candidate promoter of Olfr370 has considerably varied compared to its wild-type counterpart. Within the putative promoter for Olfr266 a homeodomain binding site is predicted. As a whole, our findings favor Olfr266 as a model gene to investigate odorant receptor gene choice.

Prognostic value of angiogenesis in solitary bone plasmacytoma.

PubMed

Kumar, Shaji; Fonseca, Rafael; Dispenzieri, Angela; Lacy, Martha Q; Lust, John A; Wellik, Linda; Witzig, Thomas E; Gertz, Morie A; Kyle, Robert A; Greipp, Philip R; Rajkumar, S Vincent

2003-03-01

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the biology of multiple myeloma (MM) and has prognostic importance in this disease. Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized plasma cell malignancy that progresses to MM in a significant number of patients. We examined if angiogenesis is increased in solitary plasmacytoma and if it can help identify patients likely to progress to myeloma. We studied angiogenesis in plasmacytoma biopsy samples and bone marrow biopsies from 25 patients. High-grade angiogenesis was present in 64% of plasmacytomas. In contrast, bone marrow angiogenesis was low in all patients. Patients with high-grade angiogenesis in the plasmacytoma sample were more likely to progress to myeloma and had a shorter progression-free survival compared with patients with low-grade angiogenesis (P =.02). Angiogenesis is increased in solitary plasmacytoma and is a significant predictor of progression to myeloma and provides further evidence of its importance in the pathogenesis of myeloma.

Sources and directions of social support and life satisfaction among solitary Chinese older adults in Hong Kong: the mediating role of sense of loneliness.

PubMed

Bai, Xue; Yang, Shuyan; Knapp, Martin

2018-01-01

Based on survey data collected from 151 community-dwelling solitary Chinese older adults in Hong Kong, the present study used path analysis to examine the mediating role of sense of loneliness in the relationship between different sources and directions of social support and life satisfaction. The results showed that sense of loneliness mediated the effects of support from families, friends, and support for others on life satisfaction. In addition, a formal source of social support was not associated with life satisfaction among solitary older adults, although those with a more secure financial status had greater overall life satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing awareness among social and health care service providers about the negative effects of insufficient social support on older adults' sense of loneliness and life satisfaction. Family and friendship networks should be expanded for solitary older adults.

Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma: Demonstrating the Role of 18F-FDG PET Imaging.

PubMed

Gautam, Archana; Sahu, Kamal Kant; Alamgir, Ahsan; Siddiqi, Imran; Ailawadhi, Sikander

2017-04-01

An Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of clonal plasma cells outside the medullary cavity. EMPs are a rare occurrence compared to other malignant plasma cell disorders and account for approximately 3-5% of plasma-cell neoplasms. Although most cases of EMP are not immediately life threatening at diagnosis, EMPs can progress to Multiple Myeloma (MM) and thus, warrant monitoring. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for when and how to monitor patients who are diagnosed with or treated for a solitary plasmacytoma. We present a case of solitary EMP who was treated adequately and definitively but developed a distinct, non-contiguous subsequent solitary EMP and was only discovered due to surveillance 18 F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ( 18 F-FDG) (PET) scan. Uniform surveillance guidelines should be developed and the potential benefits of PET and other imaging techniques as well as their cost should be considered.

Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma: Demonstrating the Role of 18F-FDG PET Imaging

PubMed Central

Gautam, Archana; Sahu, Kamal Kant; Alamgir, Ahsan; Siddiqi, Imran

2017-01-01

An Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of clonal plasma cells outside the medullary cavity. EMPs are a rare occurrence compared to other malignant plasma cell disorders and account for approximately 3-5% of plasma-cell neoplasms. Although most cases of EMP are not immediately life threatening at diagnosis, EMPs can progress to Multiple Myeloma (MM) and thus, warrant monitoring. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for when and how to monitor patients who are diagnosed with or treated for a solitary plasmacytoma. We present a case of solitary EMP who was treated adequately and definitively but developed a distinct, non-contiguous subsequent solitary EMP and was only discovered due to surveillance 18F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG) (PET) scan. Uniform surveillance guidelines should be developed and the potential benefits of PET and other imaging techniques as well as their cost should be considered. PMID:28571247

Two-dimensional cylindrical ion-acoustic solitary and rogue waves in ultrarelativistic plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ata-ur-Rahman; National Centre for Physics at QAU Campus, Shahdrah Valley Road, Islamabad 44000; Ali, S.

2013-07-15

The propagation of ion-acoustic (IA) solitary and rogue waves is investigated in a two-dimensional ultrarelativistic degenerate warm dense plasma. By using the reductive perturbation technique, the cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is derived, which can be further transformed into a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The latter admits a solitary wave solution. However, when the frequency of the carrier wave is much smaller than the ion plasma frequency, the KdV equation can be transferred to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation to study the nonlinear evolution of modulationally unstable modified IA wavepackets. The propagation characteristics of the IA solitary and rogue waves are stronglymore » influenced by the variation of different plasma parameters in an ultrarelativistic degenerate dense plasma. The present results might be helpful to understand the nonlinear electrostatic excitations in astrophysical degenerate dense plasmas.« less

Solitary plasmacytoma of the mandible - a rare entity.

PubMed

Baad, Rajendra; Kapse, Sonam C; Rathod, Nanita; Sonawane, Kishor; Thete, Sanjay Gangadhar; Kumar, M Naveen

2013-06-01

Plasma cell dyscrasias (multiple myeloma, solitary plasmocytoma of bone and extra medullary plasmocytoma) are cha¬racterized by a monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells of which Solitary plasmocytoma of bone (SPB) is a localized form. SPB is most frequently seen in vertebrae and secondarily in long bones. Its presence in jaws is extremely rare. The malignant plasma cells express monotypic cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and plasma cell-associated antigens, with an absence of immature B-cell antigens. Here we report a unique case of plasmacytoma in the right side of mandible, a chronology for diagnosis of the lesion is also reviewed along with clinical, radiographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence. How to cite this article: Baad R, Kapse S C, Rathod N, Sonawane K, Thete S G, Naveen M K. Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Mandible - A Rare Entity. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(3):97-101.

[Clinical features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of solitary air cysts of the lungs].

PubMed

Gudovskiĭ, L M; Platov, I I; Korenev, A E

2001-01-01

86 cases of solitary air cysts of the lung (6.83% of all maldevelopments) were analyzed. This maldevelopment of bronchial tree is found most often in men (10:7) and more often in the right lung than in the left (18:13). There were no clinical symptoms in 33 (38.37%) patients. Uncomplicated course of the disease was in 51 (59.3%) patients, the disease was complicated by infection in 28 (32.56%) patients. Solitary bronchial cysts were complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax in 8.14% cases, by hemoptysis--in 6.98%. Roentgenography of the chest thorax on two projections and tomography (including CT) are enough for diagnosis of solitary air bronchial cysts. Bronchoscopy, bronchography and APG are not much informative in diagnosis of cysts and should be used on special indications. Cystectomy or cystectomy with partial resection of lung tissue were performed in 67.14% patients with good results.

Solitary Potential in a Space Plasma Containing Dynamical Heavy Ions and Bi-Kappa Distributed Electrons of Two Distinct Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarker, M.; Hosen, B.; Hossen, M. R.; Mamun, A. A.

2018-01-01

The heavy ion-acoustic solitary waves (HIASWs) in a magnetized, collisionless, space plasma system (containing dynamical heavy ions and bi-kappa distributed electrons of two distinct temperatures) have been theoretically investigated. The Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV), modified K-dV (MK-dV), and higher-order MK-dV (HMK-dV) equations are derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. The basic features of HIASWs (viz. speed, polarity, amplitude, width, etc.) are found to be significantly modified by the effects of number density and temperature of different plasma species, and external magnetic field (obliqueness). The K-dV and HM-KdV equations give rise to both compressive and rarefactive solitary structures, whereas the MK-dV equation supports only the compressive solitary structures. The implication of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations are briefly discussed.

Ion acoustic solitons in an electronegative plasma with electron trapping and nonextensivity effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali Shan, S.

2018-03-01

The impact of electron trapping and nonextensivity on the low frequency ion acoustic solitary waves in an electronegative plasma is investigated. The energy integral equation with the Sagdeev truncated approach is derived, which is then solved with the help of suitable parameters and necessary conditions to get the solitary structures. The minimum Mach (M) number needed to calculate the solitary structures is found to be varying under the impact of trapping efficiency determining factor β and entropic index q. The results have been illustrated with the help of physically acceptable parameters and the amplitude of nonlinear solitary structures is found to be modified significantly because of electron trapping efficiency β and entropic index q. This study has been made with reference to Laboratory observation, which can also be helpful in Space and astrophysical plasmas where electronegative plasmas have been reported.

Sources and directions of social support and life satisfaction among solitary Chinese older adults in Hong Kong: the mediating role of sense of loneliness

PubMed Central

Bai, Xue; Yang, Shuyan; Knapp, Martin

2018-01-01

Based on survey data collected from 151 community-dwelling solitary Chinese older adults in Hong Kong, the present study used path analysis to examine the mediating role of sense of loneliness in the relationship between different sources and directions of social support and life satisfaction. The results showed that sense of loneliness mediated the effects of support from families, friends, and support for others on life satisfaction. In addition, a formal source of social support was not associated with life satisfaction among solitary older adults, although those with a more secure financial status had greater overall life satisfaction. These findings highlight the importance of enhancing awareness among social and health care service providers about the negative effects of insufficient social support on older adults’ sense of loneliness and life satisfaction. Family and friendship networks should be expanded for solitary older adults. PMID:29379277

Solitary waves in dimer binary collision model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahsan, Zaid; Jayaprakash, K. R.

2017-01-01

Solitary wave propagation in nonlinear diatomic (dimer) chains is a very interesting topic of research in the study of nonlinear lattices. Such waves were recently found to be supported by the essentially nonlinear granular lattice and Toda lattice. An interesting aspect of this discovery is attributed to the realization of a spectrum of the mass ratio (the only system parameter governing the dynamics) that supports the propagation of such waves corresponding to the considered interaction potential. The objective of this exposition is to explore solitary wave propagation in the dimer binary collision (BC) model. Interestingly, the dimer BC model supports solitary wave propagation at a discrete spectrum of mass ratios similar to those observed in granular and Toda dimers. Further, we report a qualitative and one-to-one correspondence between the spectrum of the mass ratio corresponding to the dimer BC model and those corresponding to granular and Toda dimer chains.

Solitary-wave solutions of the Benjamin equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albert, J.P.; Bona, J.L.; Restrepo, J.M.

1999-10-01

Considered here is a model equation put forward by Benjamin that governs approximately the evolution of waves on the interface of a two-fluid system in which surface-tension effects cannot be ignored. The principal focus is the traveling-wave solutions called solitary waves, and three aspects will be investigated. A constructive proof of the existence of these waves together with a proof of their stability is developed. Continuation methods are used to generate a scheme capable of numerically approximating these solitary waves. The computer-generated approximations reveal detailed aspects of the structure of these waves. They are symmetric about their crests, but unlikemore » the classical Korteqeg-de Vries solitary waves, they feature a finite number of oscillations. The derivation of the equation is also revisited to get an idea of whether or not these oscillatory waves might actually occur in a natural setting.« less

Spatiotemporal Receptive Field Properties of a Looming-Sensitive Neuron in Solitarious and Gregarious Phases of the Desert Locust

PubMed Central

Harston, George W. J.; Kilburn-Toppin, Fleur; Matheson, Thomas; Burrows, Malcolm; Gabbiani, Fabrizio; Krapp, Holger G.

2010-01-01

Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) can transform reversibly between the swarming gregarious phase and a solitarious phase, which avoids other locusts. This transformation entails dramatic changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior. We have used the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) and its postsynaptic target, the descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), which are visual interneurons that detect looming objects, to analyze how differences in the visual ecology of the two phases are served by altered neuronal function. Solitarious locusts had larger eyes and a greater degree of binocular overlap than those of gregarious locusts. The receptive field to looming stimuli had a large central region of nearly equal response spanning 120° × 60° in both phases. The DCMDs of gregarious locusts responded more strongly than solitarious locusts and had a small caudolateral focus of even further sensitivity. More peripherally, the response was reduced in both phases, particularly ventrally, with gregarious locusts showing greater proportional decrease. Gregarious locusts showed less habituation to repeated looming stimuli along the eye equator than did solitarious locusts. By contrast, in other parts of the receptive field the degree of habituation was similar in both phases. The receptive field organization to looming stimuli contrasts strongly with the receptive field organization of the same neurons to nonlooming local-motion stimuli, which show much more pronounced regional variation. The DCMDs of both gregarious and solitarious locusts are able to detect approaching objects from across a wide expanse of visual space, but phase-specific changes in the spatiotemporal receptive field are linked to lifestyle changes. PMID:19955292

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Parotid Gland: A Case Report

PubMed Central

Yu, Ryan; Rebello, Ryan

2015-01-01

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor is a rare, mesenchymal neoplasm that has been reported in numerous sites. Occurrence in the parotid gland is exceedingly rare. Case Report: A 53-year-old man with a 2 cm solitary fibrous tumor of the left parotid gland, that was observed clinically and operatively and thought to be a neoplasm arising from Stensen's duct, is described. A pre-operative CT scan demonstrated a well-circumscribed, solid, avidly-enhancing nodule superficial to the masseter muscle, deep to the platysma, and intimately associated with the parotid duct. Multiple fine needle aspirations yielded scant fibrous tissue and lymphocytes. A superficial parotidectomy was performed. The histopathological and immunohistochemical findings were in keeping with solitary fibrous tumor, fibrous variant, with a low mitotic rate and a peripherally-entrapped parotid duct surrounded by abundant periductal collagen and lymphocytes. At a 2-year follow up, there was no evidence of tumor recurrence or metastasis. Conclusion: Solitary fibrous tumor should be suspected in the context of a slow-growing, well-circumscribed, solid, avidly-enhancing nodule of the parotid gland. Grossly intimate association with the parotid duct may reflect peripheral entrapment. Fine needle aspirations that predominantly yield collagen without spindle cell clusters should be correlated with clinical and radiological findings, as it is expected in tumor sampling of the fibrous variant. Although solitary fibrous tumor of the parotid gland usually exhibits benign behavior, it is best regarded as potentially malignant. Patient management and follow-up should be tailored to each individual and clinicopathological risk assessment of the recurrent/metastatic potential. PMID:26568946

Outcomes of ureteroscopy for patients with stones in a solitary kidney: evidence from a systematic review

PubMed Central

Rai, Bhavan Prasad; Somani, Bhaskar K.

2016-01-01

Introduction Management of urolithiasis in a solitary functioning kidney can be clinically challenging. The aim of this article was to review the outcomes of URS for patients with stone disease in a solitary kidney and critically appraise the existing evidence and outcome reporting standards. Material and methods We conducted a systematic review in line with PRISMA checklist and Cochrane guidelines between January 1980 and February 2015. Our inclusion criteria were all English language articles reporting on a minimum of 10 patients with a solitary kidney undergoing ureteroscopy for stone disease. Results A total of 116 patients (mean age 50 years) underwent URS for stones in solitary kidney. For a mean stone size of 16.8 mm (range: 5–60 mm) and 1.23 procedures/patient, the mean stone free rate was 87%. No significant change in renal function was recorded in any of the studies although a transient elevation in creatinine was reported in 10 (8.6%) patients. A total of 33 (28%) complications were recorded a majority (n = 21) of which were Clavien grade I. The Clavien grade II/III complications as reported by authors were urosepsis, steinstrasse and renal colic. None of the procedures required conversion to open surgery with no cases of renal haematoma or ureteric perforation. Conclusions This contemporary review highlights URS as a viable treatment option for stone disease in patients with a solitary kidney. It is associated with superior clearance rates to SWL and fewer high-risk complications compared to PCNL. PMID:27123332

Preclinical Testing of Combination Therapy for Malignant Tumors Arising from Neurofibromas

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

tested the influence of local ionizing radiation in NF90.8 and sNF96.2 cells implanted in the left and right flank in female nude mice. Ten days... local ionizing radiation (10 Gy) in MPNST tumor growth in xenograft implanted nude mice. Female nude mice bearing NF90.8 tumor in the right flank...0.96   Rosiglitazone     PPAR  gamma  agonist     576.2/0.84     1150/0.94     684.5/0.89   DCA     pyruvate

Halolike Phenomenon Around a Café au Lait Spot Superimposed on a Mongolian Spot.

PubMed

Neri, Iria; Lambertini, Martina; Tengattini, Vera; Rivalta, Beatrice; Patrizi, Annalisa

2017-05-01

An 8-month-old Caucasian infant with neurofibromatosis type 1 presented with a congenital plexiform neurofibroma and multiple café au lait spots. A pale area surrounded one of the café au lait spots located on the left gluteus in the area of dermal melanocytosis. This halolike phenomenon results from the disappearance of the Mongolian spot around the café au lait spots, revealing normal pigmented skin. This sign has been described rarely in the literature and the pathogenic mechanism is unclear. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Locked-in syndrome caused by a solitary pontine abscess.

PubMed Central

Murphy, M J; Brenton, D W; Aschenbrener, C A; Van Gilder, J C

1979-01-01

The clinical and pathological findings in a patient with locked-in syndrome caused by a solitary pontine abscess are reported for the first time. Successful treatment of brainstem abscess rests on early and accurate diagnosis. Images PMID:501372

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Retromolar Pad; a Rare Challenging Case

PubMed Central

Lotfi, Ali; Mokhtari, Sepideh; Moshref, Mohammad; Shahla, Maryam; Atarbashi Moghadam, Saede

2017-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumor has a wide spectrum of histopathologic features and many tumors show similar microscopic features. This similarity poses diagnostic challenges to the pathologists and immunohistochemical analysis is required in many cases. Moreover, it is a rare entity in orofacial region which consequently would make its diagnosis more challenging in oral cavity. The knowledge of various microscopic patterns of this tumor contributes to a proper diagnosis and prevents unnecessary treatment. This study reports a case of solitary fibrous tumor in the retromolar pad area and discusses its various histological features and differential diagnoses. PMID:28620640

Three dimensional clyindrical Kadomtsev Petviashvili equation in two temperature charged dusty plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Bedwehy, N. A.; El-Attafi, M. A.; El-Labany, S. K.

2016-09-01

The properties of solitary waves in an unmagnetized, collisionless dusty plasma consisting of nonthermal ions, cold and hot dust grains and Maxwellian electrons have been investigated. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the three-dimensional cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (3D-CKP) equation is obtained. The effect of the nonthermal parameter, the negative charge number of hot and cold dust on the solitary properties are investigated. Furthermore, the solitary profile in the radial, axial, and polar angle coordinates with the time is examined. The present investigation may be applicable in space plasma such as F-ring of Saturn.

Two dimensional cylindrical fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves in a dust plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu Haifeng; Wang Shiqing; Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000

2011-04-15

The nonlinear fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves in a dust plasma with the combined effects of bounded cylindrical geometry and transverse perturbation are investigated in a new equation. In this regard, cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (CKP) equation is derived using the small amplitude perturbation expansion method. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the CKP equation can be solved analytically. It is shown that the dust cylindrical fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves can exist in the CKP equation. The present investigation may have relevance in the study of nonlinear electromagnetic soliton waves both in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.

Solitary solutions including spatially localized chaos and their interactions in two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow.

PubMed

Hiruta, Yoshiki; Toh, Sadayoshi

2015-12-01

Two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow in wide periodic boxes is numerically investigated. It is shown that the total flow rate in the direction perpendicular to the force controls the characteristics of the flow, especially the existence of spatially localized solitary solutions such as traveling waves, periodic solutions, and chaotic solutions, which can behave as elementary components of the flow. We propose a procedure to construct approximate solutions consisting of solitary solutions. It is confirmed by direct numerical simulations that these solutions are stable and represent interactions between elementary components such as collisions, coexistence, and collapse of chaos.

Intrathyroid metastasis presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule: an unusual case of clinically silent lung cancer.

PubMed

Sharma, U K; Rauniyar, R K; Adhikary, S; Sinha, A

2008-01-01

Metastases in the thyroid gland are very rare. Carcinoma lung is one of the tumours, which may metastasize to the thyroid. We report a 60-year-old lady with intrathyroid metastasis presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the nodule showed features of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Further detail evaluation revealed primary lung adenocarcinoma with secondaries to adrenals, retroperitoneal and bilateral axillary nodes. This report emphasizes this unusual clinical presentation of carcinoma lung with wide spread secondaries; and a solitary thyroid nodule can be a presenting complain of a metastatic disease.

Case Report: First Reported Combined Heart-Liver Transplant in a Patient With a Congenital Solitary Kidney.

PubMed

Hanna, R M; Kamgar, M; Hasnain, H; Khorsan, R; Nsair, A; Kaldas, F; Baas, A; Bunnapradist, S; Wilson, J M

2018-04-01

We report a case of successful combined heart liver transplant in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney. The patient had normal renal function before combined heart-liver transplantation and developed acute kidney injury requiring slow continuous dialysis and subsequent intermittent dialysis for almost 8 weeks post transplantation. Her renal function recovered and she remains off dialysis now 7 months post transplantation. She only currently has mild chronic renal insufficiency. We believe this is the first reported case of successful heart liver transplant in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Guided solitary waves.

PubMed

Miles, J

1980-04-01

Transversely periodic solitary-wave solutions of the Boussinesq equations (which govern wave propagation in a weakly dispersive, weakly nonlinear physical system) are determined. The solutions for negative dispersion (e.g., gravity waves) are singular and therefore physically unacceptable. The solutions for positive dispersion (e.g., capillary waves or magnetosonic waves in a plasma) are physically acceptable except in a limited parametric interval, in which they are complex. The two end points of this interval are associated with (two different) resonant interactions among three basic solitary waves, two of which are two-dimensional complex conjugates and the third of which is one-dimensional and real.

Statistical Thermodynamic Approach to Vibrational Solitary Waves in Acetanilide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasconcellos, Áurea R.; Mesquita, Marcus V.; Luzzi, Roberto

1998-03-01

We analyze the behavior of the macroscopic thermodynamic state of polymers, centering on acetanilide. The nonlinear equations of evolution for the populations and the statistically averaged field amplitudes of CO-stretching modes are derived. The existence of excitations of the solitary wave type is evidenced. The infrared spectrum is calculated and compared with the experimental data of Careri et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 104 (1983)], resulting in a good agreement. We also consider the situation of a nonthermally highly excited sample, predicting the occurrence of a large increase in the lifetime of the solitary wave excitation.

Influence of Controlled Viscous Dissipation on Propagation of Strongly Nonlinear Waves in Steel-Based Phononic Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herbold, Eric

2005-07-01

Strongly nonlinear phononic crystals were assembled from chains of stainless steel spheres with diameter 4.78 mm. Propagation of solitary waves and splitting of initial pulse into train of solitary waves excited by the impact of piston was investigated in different viscous media in experiments and in numerical calculations. Oil of various grades was used to introduce controlled dissipation into the system. Preliminary results indicate that splitting of the initial pulse into the train of solitary waves was dramatically influenced by viscosity. This work was supported by NSF (Grant No. DCMS03013220).

How experimentally to detect a solitary superconductivity in dirty ferromagnet-superconductor trilayers?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avdeev, Maxim V.; Proshin, Yurii N.

2017-10-01

We theoretically study the proximity effect in the thin-film layered ferromagnet (F) - superconductor (S) heterostructures in F1F2S design. We consider the boundary value problem for the Usadel-like equations in the case of so-called ;dirty; limit. The ;latent; superconducting pairing interaction in F layers taken into account. The focus is on the recipe of experimental preparation the state with so-called solitary superconductivity. We also propose and discuss the model of the superconducting spin valve based on F1F2S trilayers in solitary superconductivity regime.

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the bladder: a case report and literature.

PubMed

Khaliq, Waseem; Uzoaru, Ikechukwu; Konchanin, Ronald P; Sapiente, Ronald A; Egner, James R

2010-08-01

Plasmacytoma is a rare B-lymphocyte neoplastic disorder that usually presents as the generalized disease multiple myeloma. Less than 5% of the cases present as a solitary mass of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone or soft tissue. Although solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) may arise in any organ, it rarely involves the urinary bladder. A 67-year-old male without a history of multiple myeloma presented with urinary frequency and nocturia; he was later diagnosed with SEP of the bladder. The patient was initially treated with a course of radiation therapy without symptomatic improvement; therefore a chemotherapy regimen consisting of lenalidomide and dexamethasone was subsequently given for six cycles. SEP usually carries a better prognosis and higher cure rate than solitary plasmacytoma of bone, as SEP is radiation sensitive. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of SEP that is resistant to radiation therapy is not clear, since most of the recommendations have been derived from the experience of head and neck SEP. The literature also lacks recommendations for choice of a chemotherapy regimen and surveillance of isolated bladder plasmacytoma. Here we present the first case of a radiation-resistant solitary plasmacytoma of the bladder that was successfully treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone with successful clinical remission.

Gravity-Capillary Lumps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akylas, Triantaphyllos R.; Kim, Boguk

2004-11-01

In dispersive wave systems, it is known that 1-D plane solitary waves can bifurcate from linear sinusoidal wavetrains at particular wave numbers k = k0 where the phase speed c(k) happens to be an extremum (dc/dk| _0=0) and equals the group speed c_g(k_0). Two distinct possibilities thus arise: either the extremum occurs in the long-wave limit (k_0=0) and, as in shallow water, the bifurcating solitary waves are of the KdV type; or k0 ne 0 and the solitary waves are in the form of packets, described by the NLS equation to leading order, as for gravity-capillary waves in deep water. Here it is pointed out that an entirely analogous scenario is valid for the genesis of 2-D solitary waves or `lumps'. Lumps also may bifurcate at extrema of the phase speed and do so when 1-D solitary waves happen to be unstable to transverse perturbations; moreover, they have algebraically decaying tails and are either of the KPI type (e.g. in shallow water in the presence of strong surface tension) or of the wave packet type (e.g. in deep water) and are described by an elliptic-elliptic Davey-Stewartson equation system to leading order. Examples of steady lump profiles are presented and their dynamics is discussed.

Slug, Twist, and E-Cadherin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Meningeal Tumors

PubMed Central

Nagaishi, Masaya; Nobusawa, Sumihito; Tanaka, Yuko; Ikota, Hayato; Yokoo, Hideaki; Nakazato, Yoichi

2012-01-01

The overexpression of Twist and Slug and subsequent down-regulation of E-cadherin facilitate the acquirement of invasive growth properties in cancer cells. It is unclear which of these molecules are expressed in mesenchymal tumors in the central nervous system. Here, we investigated 10 cases each of hemangiopericytoma, solitary fibrous tumor, meningothelial, fibrous, angiomatous, and atypical meningiomas, and 5 cases of anaplastic meningioma for Slug, Twist, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin immunoexpression. Nuclear Slug expression was observed in 9/10 (90%) hemangiopericytomas and 5/10 (50%) solitary fibrous tumors, but not in any meningiomas, except for 1 case. Similarly, nuclear Twist expression was more extensive in hemangiopericytomas and solitary fibrous tumors than meningiomas. In contrast to Slug and Twist, the positive expression of E-cadherin was observed in 39/45 (87%) meningiomas, but not in any hemangiopericytomas or solitary fibrous tumors (P<0.0001). The fraction of tumor cells expressing E-cadherin in meningeal tumors was negatively correlated to those of Twist (P = 0.004) and Slug (P<0.0001). The overexpression of Slug and Twist with down-regulation of E-cadherin was characteristic findings in hemangiopericytomas and solitary fibrous tumors, but not in meningiomas. The immunohistochemical profiles of the two tumor groups may be useful as diagnostic markers in cases that present a differential diagnosis challenge. PMID:23029385

Solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung: a report of two cases

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Solitary papilloma of the lung is thought to be a rare benign epithelial tumor, and complete surgical resection is currently the standard treatment for this pathology. However, some cases of papilloma have reportedly shown malignant potential. We report two cases of solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung that were treated by thoracoscopic partial resection. The first patient presented with a nodular lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung that was detected on a follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) scan after treatment for laryngeal cancer. Partial lung resection was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the second patient, a nodular lesion was incidentally identified in the lower lobe of the left lung during a health check-up. Partial lung resection was again performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The postoperative course in both cases was uneventful, and no recurrences have been observed as of 44 months and 41 months postoperatively, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, malignant transformation has been reported both with the squamous type and the mixed type of solitary papilloma of the lung. The glandular variant has shown no tendency toward local recurrence after local excision and has no apparent malignant potential. Local excision is thus recommended for solitary glandular papilloma in order to preserve pulmonary function. PMID:24885310

Solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung: a report of two cases.

PubMed

Kaseda, Kaoru; Horio, Hirotoshi; Harada, Masahiko; Hishima, Tsunekazu

2014-05-19

Solitary papilloma of the lung is thought to be a rare benign epithelial tumor, and complete surgical resection is currently the standard treatment for this pathology. However, some cases of papilloma have reportedly shown malignant potential. We report two cases of solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung that were treated by thoracoscopic partial resection. The first patient presented with a nodular lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung that was detected on a follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) scan after treatment for laryngeal cancer. Partial lung resection was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the second patient, a nodular lesion was incidentally identified in the lower lobe of the left lung during a health check-up. Partial lung resection was again performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The postoperative course in both cases was uneventful, and no recurrences have been observed as of 44 months and 41 months postoperatively, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, malignant transformation has been reported both with the squamous type and the mixed type of solitary papilloma of the lung. The glandular variant has shown no tendency toward local recurrence after local excision and has no apparent malignant potential. Local excision is thus recommended for solitary glandular papilloma in order to preserve pulmonary function.

Average Associations Between Sexual Desire, Testosterone, and Stress in Women and Men Over Time.

PubMed

Raisanen, Jessica C; Chadwick, Sara B; Michalak, Nicholas; van Anders, Sari M

2018-05-29

Sexual desire and testosterone are widely assumed to be directly and positively linked to each other despite the lack of supporting empirical evidence. The literature that does exist is mixed, which may result from a conflation of solitary and dyadic desire, and the exclusion of contextual variables, like stress, known to be relevant. Here, we use the Steroid/Peptide Theory of Social Bonds as a framework for examining how testosterone, solitary and partnered desire, and stress are linked over time. To do so, we collected saliva samples (for testosterone and cortisol) and measured desire as well as other variables via questionnaires over nine monthly sessions in 78 women and 79 men. Linear mixed models showed that testosterone negatively predicted partnered desire in women but not men. Stress moderated associations between testosterone and solitary desire in both women and men, but differently: At lower levels of stress, higher average testosterone corresponded to higher average solitary desire for men, but lower solitary desire on average for women. Similarly, for partnered desire, higher perceived stress predicted lower desire for women, but higher desire for men. We conclude by discussing the ways that these results both counter presumptions about testosterone and desire but fit with the existing literature and theory, and highlight the empirical importance of stress and gender norms.

Malignancy in solitary solid cold thyroid nodule.

PubMed

Fariduddin, M; Amin, A H; Ahmed, M U; Karim, S S; Moslem, F; Kamal, M

2012-04-01

Solitary thyroid nodule is a common endocrine problem. The main concern of solitary thyroid nodule lies in excluding the malignancy & to operate on as few patients as possible. Other than history & clinical examination, hormone assessment, USG of thyroid gland, radionuclide scan & FNAC were used to differentiate malignant nodules from benign ones. In this study 127 cases with solitary thyroid nodule of all age group & both sexes were included from Endocrine & Thyroid clinic of BSMMU. They were clinically & biochemically euthyroid & had cold nodule on radionuclide scan. USG & FNAC were done & subsequently they underwent surgical procedure. On the basis of postoperative histopathological report the specimens were divided into benign & malignant groups. All the nodules were cold among which 104 were solid & 23 were mixed in consistency. Of the 104 solid cold nodules histopathology revealed 36(34.6%) malignant & 68(65.4%) benign cases. From the 23 mixed cold solitary nodule 5(21.7%) appeared malignant & 18(78.3%) were benign. So malignancy was higher in solid cold group than the mixed cold one but this was not statistically significant (p=0.673). FNAC was done & it revealed that 83(65.5%) cases were benign, 10(7.8%) cases were suspicious & 34(26.7%) were malignant. Finally histopathology showed 41(32.3%) cases were positive & 86(67.7%) cases were negative for malignancy.

Immunohistochemical Analysis Supports a Role for INI1/SMARCB1 in Hereditary Forms of Schwannomas, But Not in Solitary, Sporadic Schwannomas

PubMed Central

Patil, Sushama; Perry, Arie; MacCollin, Mia; Dong, Shumin; Betensky, Rebecca A.; Yeh, Tu-Hsueh; Gutmann, David H.; Stemmer-Rachamimov, Anat O.

2009-01-01

The INI1/SMARCB1 protein product (INI1), a component of a transcription complex, was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of schwannomas in two members of a single family with familial schwannomatosis1. Tumors were found to have both constitutional and somatic mutations of the SMARCB1 gene and showed a mosaic pattern of loss of INI1 expression by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a tumor composition of mixed null and haploinsufficient cells. To determine if this finding could be extended to all tumors arising in familial schwannomatosis, and how it compares to other multiple schwannoma syndromes (sporadic schwannomatosis and neurofibromatosis 2) as well as to sporadic, solitary schwannomas, we performed an immunohistochemistry analysis on 45 schwannomas from patients with multiple schwannoma syndromes and on 38 solitary, sporadic schwannomas from non-syndromic patients. A mosaic pattern of INI1 expression was seen in 93% of tumors from familial schwannomatosis patients, 55% of tumors from sporadic schwannomatosis, 83% of NF2-associated tumors and only 5% of solitary, sporadic schwannomas. These results confirm a role for INI1/SMARCB1 in multiple schwannoma syndromes and suggest that a different pathway of tumorigenesis occurs in solitary, sporadic tumors. PMID:18422762

Cross Sectional Imaging of Solitary Lesions of the Neurocranium.

PubMed

Schäfer, Max-Ludwig; Koch, Arend; Streitparth, Florian; Wiener, Edzard

2017-12-01

Background  Although a wide range of processes along the neurocranium are of a benign nature, there are often difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Method  In the review CT/MRI scans of the head were evaluated retrospectively regarding solitary lesions along the neurocranium. The majority of the lesions were histologically proven. Results  The purpose of the review is to present typical pathologies of the neurocranium and provide a systematic overview based on 12 entities, their locations, prevalence and radiological characteristics. Conclusion  Processes, which primarily originate from the neurocranium have to be differentiated from secondary processes infiltrating the neurocranium. For this important diagnostic feature, MRI is typically essential, while the definitive diagnosis is often made on the basis of the medical history and the typical appearance on computer tomography. Key Points   · There are often difficulties in the precise differential diagnosis of solitary lesions along the neurocranium. Typical solitary pathologies of the neurocranium based on 12 entities were presented. Both magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are often essential for an exact differential diagnosis.. Citation Format · Schäfer M, Koch A, Streitparth F et al. Cross Sectional Diagnosis of Solitary Lesions of the Neurocranium. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2017; 189: 1135 - 1144. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Recurrent Somatic PDGFRB Mutations in Sporadic Infantile/Solitary Adult Myofibromas But Not in Angioleiomyomas and Myopericytomas.

PubMed

Agaimy, Abbas; Bieg, Matthias; Michal, Michael; Geddert, Helene; Märkl, Bruno; Seitz, Jan; Moskalev, Evgeny A; Schlesner, Matthias; Metzler, Markus; Hartmann, Arndt; Wiemann, Stefan; Michal, Michal; Mentzel, Thomas; Haller, Florian

2017-02-01

Infantile myofibroma (MF) is an uncommon benign myofibroblastic tumor of infancy and childhood. Solitary adult MF shares similar features with infantile MF. The lesions occur in 3 clinicopathologic settings: solitary, multicentric, and generalized and can be either sporadic or familial. Traditionally, infantile MF has been included in the spectrum of infantile hemangiopericytoma. The recent World Health Organization classification listed MF, angioleiomyoma, and myopericytoma under the general heading of perivascular tumors in the sense of a morphologic spectrum of perivascular myoid cell neoplasms. Although activating germline PDGFRB mutations have recently been linked to familial infantile MF, the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic infantile and adult solitary MF remained unclear. In this study, we analyzed 25 solitary MFs without evidence of familial disease (9 infantile and 16 adult MFs) to address the question whether somatic PDGFRB mutations might be responsible for the sporadic form of the disease. Given the presumed histogenetic link of MF to myopericytoma and angioleiomyoma, we additionally analyzed a control group of 6 myopericytomas and 9 angioleiomyomas for PDGFRB mutations. We detected PDGFRB mutations in 6/8 (75%) analyzable infantile and in 11/16 (69%) adult MFs but in none of the angioleiomyomas or myopericytomas. In 2 infantile MFs, additional sequencing of the germline confirmed the somatic nature of PDGFRB mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting apparently somatic recurrent PDGFRB mutations as molecular driver events in the majority of sporadic infantile and adult solitary MFs. Our results suggest molecular distinctness of MF as compared with angioleiomyoma/myopericytoma. Investigation of more cases including those with atypical and worrisome features, as well as other mimickers in the heterogenous morphologic spectrum of MF, is mandatory for validating the potential diagnostic value of PDGFRB mutation testing as a possible surrogate in difficult-to-classify lesions.

Clinical and biopsychosocial determinants of sexual dysfunction in middle-aged and older Australian men.

PubMed

Martin, Sean; Atlantis, Evan; Wilson, David; Lange, Kylie; Haren, Matthew T; Taylor, Anne; Wittert, Gary

2012-08-01

Erectile dysfunction (ED) and other related sexual dysfunctions in men have recently been shown to associate with a range of conditions and biopsychosocial factors. However, few studies have been able to control for these related factors simultaneously. To determine the prevalence of and associated risk factors for ED and low solitary and dyadic sexual desire. Erectile function (International Index of Erectile Function-erectile function) and sexual desire (Sexual Desire Inventory 2), as well as associated sociodemographic, lifestyle, biological, and clinical risk factors. Data were collected from 1,195 randomly selected, community-dwelling men as part of the Florey Adelaide Male Ageing Study. The prevalence of ED, low solitary, and dyadic sexual desire was 17.7%, 67.7%, and 13.5%, respectively. Increasing age, abdominal fat mass, obstructive sleep apnea risk, and the absence of a regular partner were associated with both degrees of ED severity. Insufficient physical activity, low alcohol consumption, and hypertension were associated with mild ED only, and voiding lower urinary tract symptoms, diabetes, and lower plasma testosterone were independently associated with moderate to severe ED. Increasing age, lower alcohol consumption, insufficient physical activity, and a diagnosis of depression, anxiety, or insomnia were associated with both low dyadic and solitary sexual desire. Postschool qualifications and lower plasma testosterone were associated with low dyadic desire, whereas lower education and income, unemployment, and migration were associated with low solitary sexual desire. The absence of a regular partner and postschool qualifications were associated with higher solitary sexual desire. While ED and low dyadic and solitary sexual desire share some risk factors, we were able to demonstrate that unique factors exist for each of these domains. Attention should first be given to addressing these modifiable risk factors. © 2012 International Society for Sexual Medicine.

The comparison of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy and retrograde intrarenal surgery for stones larger than 2 cm in patients with a solitary kidney: a matched-pair analysis.

PubMed

Zeng, Guohua; Zhu, Wei; Li, Jiasheng; Zhao, Zhijian; Zeng, Tao; Liu, Chenli; Liu, Yang; Yuan, Jian; Wan, Shaw P

2015-08-01

To compare the treatment outcomes between retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) and minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy (MPCNL) for the management of stones larger than 2 cm in patients with solitary kidney. Between December 2012 and March 2014, 53 patients with a solitary kidney suffering from urinary stones larger than 2 cm were treated with RIRS. The outcomes of these patients were compared to a cohort of similar solitary kidney stone patients who underwent MPCNL using a matched-pair analysis (1:1 scenario). Cases were matched sequentially using the following criteria: size, number and location of stones, age, BMI, gender and previous ipsilateral open surgery. A stone-free rate (SFR) of 43.4 % was achieved after a single procedure in patients treated with RIRS and a SFR of 71.70 % in patients treated with MPCNL (p = 0.003). The operative time for RIRS was longer (p = 0.002), but the median hospital stay was shorter (p < 0.001). Average drop in hemoglobin level was comparable in both groups (9.30 vs. 10.85 g/L, p = 0.35). The transfusion rate as well as the incidence of postoperative complications such as fever and urosepsis was not statistically different between these two groups. Major complications (Clavien score 3a-4a) occurred in 3.77 and 1.89 %, RIRS and MPCNL, respectively (p = 1.000). Patients with a solitary kidney suffering from stones larger than 2 cm in size who undergo MPCNL had a higher SFR than RIRS. The complications were comparable in both groups. Even though RIRS patients spent less time in hospital, this procedure might not be an effective treatment as MPCNL in solitary kidneys with larger and multiple stones.

Consequences of a warming climate for social organisation in sweat bees.

PubMed

Schürch, Roger; Accleton, Christopher; Field, Jeremy

The progression from solitary living to caste-based sociality is commonly regarded as a major evolutionary transition. However, it has recently been shown that in some taxa, sociality may be plastic and dependent on local conditions. If sociality can be environmentally driven, the question arises as to how projected climate change will influence features of social organisation that were previously thought to be of macroevolutionary proportions. Depending on the time available in spring during which a foundress can produce worker offspring, the sweat bee Halictus rubicundus is either social or solitary. We analysed detailed foraging data in relation to climate change predictions for Great Britain to assess when and where switches from a solitary to social lifestyle may be expected. We demonstrate that worker numbers should increase throughout Great Britain under predicted climate change scenarios, and importantly, that sociality should appear in northern areas where it has never before been observed. This dramatic shift in social organisation due to climate change should lead to a bigger workforce being available for summer pollination and may contribute towards mitigating the current pollinator crisis. The sweat bee Halictus rubicundus is socially polymorphic, expressing both solitary and social forms, and is socially plastic, capable of transitioning from solitary to social forms, depending on local environmental conditions. Here, we analyse detailed foraging data in relation to climate change predictions for Great Britain to show that worker numbers and sociality both increase under predicted climate change scenarios. Especially dramatic will be the appearance of social H. rubicundus nests in the north of Britain, where previously only solitary forms are found. Particularly, if more taxa are found to be socially plastic, environmentally driven shifts in social organisation may help to mitigate future pollinator crises by providing more individuals for pollination.

[Phenotypic and genetic features in neurofibromatosis type 1 in children].

PubMed

Duat Rodríguez, A; Martos Moreno, G Á; Martín Santo-Domingo, Y; Hernández Martín, A; Espejo-Saavedra Roca, J M; Ruiz-Falcó Rojas, M L; Argente, J

2015-09-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is the most common neurocutaneous disease, nevertheless the number of publications providing clinical and genetic data from a significant number of children is limited. The available clinical, epidemiological, radiological and genetic data from 239 children with NF1, who attended at a specialist NF1 clinic between January 2011 and December 2013 were recorded. All the 239 patients had a clinical and/or genetic diagnosis of NF1. The mean age at diagnosis was 2.65±2.85 years. In our series 99.6% met the diagnostic criteria of café au lait spots, 93.7% those of axillary and inguinal freckling, 7.1% showed typical bone lesion, 38.1% neurofibromas, 23% plexiform neurofibromas, 31.4% optic pathway glioma, Lisch nodules were present in 43.1%, and 28% patients had a first degree relative affected with NF1. The NF1 genetic study was performed in 86 patients, and a description of the gene mutations found in 72 of them is presented. Furthermore, other clinical data previously associated with NF1, either because of their frequency or their severity, are detailed. The difficulty for clinical diagnosis of NF1 early ages is still evident. Although, the need for further studies in asymptomatic patients is discussed, cranial MRI in children with NF1 may be helpful in the clinical diagnosis, given the high frequency of optic glioma observed in this cohort. Copyright © 2014 Asociación Española de Pediatría. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Mosaic Neurofibromatosis Type 1 in Children: A Single-Institution Experience.

PubMed

Lara-Corrales, Irene; Moazzami, Mitra; García-Romero, Maria Teresa; Pope, Elena; Parkin, Patricia; Shugar, Andrea; Kannu, Peter

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a neurocutaneous disorder caused by loss-of-function mutation in the NF1 gene. Segmental or mosaic NF1 (MNF) is an uncommon presentation of the NF1 result of postzygotic mutations that present with subtle localised clinical findings. Our study's objectives were to describe the clinical characteristics of children with MNF. We conducted a cross-sectional study of children diagnosed with MNF at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Canada, from January 1992 to September 2012. Data were abstracted from health records and analysed using a standardised data collection form approved by our hospital Research Ethics Board. We identified 60 patients with MNF; 32 of 60 (53.3%) were female. Mean ± SD age at first assessment was 10.6 ± 4.6 years. The most common initial physical manifestation in 39 of 60 (65.0%) patients was localised pigmentary changes only, followed by plexiform neurofibromas only in 10 of 60 (16.7%) and neurofibromas only in 9 of 60 (15.0%). Unilateral findings were seen in 46 of 60 (76.7%) patients. Most common associations identified included learning disabilities (7/60; 12%) and bony abnormalities (6/60; 10.0%). MNF is an underrecognised condition with potential implications for patients. Children mostly present with pigmentary anomalies only. Most patients do not develop associated findings or complications before adulthood, but long-term follow-up will help determine outcomes and possible associations. Recognition and confirmation of the diagnosis is important to provide follow-up and genetic counselling to patients.

Spinal neurofibromatosis with central nervous system involvement in a set of twin girls and a boy: further expansion of the phenotype.

PubMed

Ruggieri, Martino; Polizzi, Agata; Salpietro, Vincenzo; Incorpora, Gemma; Nicita, Francesco; Pavone, Piero; Falsaperla, Raffaele; Nucifora, Caterina; Granata, Francesca; Distefano, Angela; Padua, Luca; Caltabiano, Rosario; Lanzafame, Salvatore; Gabriele, Anna Lia; Ortensi, Andrea; D'Orazi, Valerio; Panunzi, Andrea; Milone, Pietro; Mankad, Kshitij; Platania, Nunzio; Albanese, Vincenzo; Pavone, Vito

2013-10-01

Familial spinal neurofibromatosis is a form of neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1), consisting of extensive, symmetrical, histologically proven, multiple neurofibromas of the spinal roots at every level and of all major peripheral nerves sometimes associated with typical NF1 stigmata; most cases underlie NF1 gene mutations. The objectives of this study are (1) to report the findings in a set of 16-year-old monozygotic twin girls and a 14-year-old boy and (2) to review the existing literature. In this article, we report the cases of three children who (1) had manifested mildly different symptomatic neuropathy (twins, aged 4 years; and a boy, aged 9 years) associated with massive, symmetrical neurofibromas; (2) had few café-au-lait spots with irregular margins and pale brown pigmentation; (3) were presented with, at brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bilateral, NF1-like high-signal abnormalities in the basal ganglia; (4) yielded missense NF1 gene mutations in exon 39; and (5) had unaffected parents with negative NF1 genetic testing as well as discuss 12 families and 20 sporadic and 5 additional cases that presented spinal neurofibromatosis within classical NF1 families (53 cases) that were reported in the literature. This article presents the first report on (1) spinal neurofibromatosis in a set of affected monozygotic twins; (2) the earliest onset of the disease; and (3) the occurrence of high signal lesions in the brain at MRI. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Sleep and pulmonary outcomes for clinical trials of airway plexiform neurofibromas in NF1.

PubMed

Plotkin, Scott R; Davis, Stephanie D; Robertson, Kent A; Akshintala, Srivandana; Allen, Julian; Fisher, Michael J; Blakeley, Jaishri O; Widemann, Brigitte C; Ferner, Rosalie E; Marcus, Carole L

2016-08-16

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are complex, benign nerve sheath tumors that occur in approximately 25%-50% of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). PNs that cause airway compromise or pulmonary dysfunction are uncommon but clinically important. Because improvement in sleep quality or airway function represents direct clinical benefit, measures of sleep and pulmonary function may be more meaningful than tumor size as endpoints in therapeutic clinical trials targeting airway PN. The Response Evaluation in Neurofibromatosis and Schwannomatosis functional outcomes group reviewed currently available endpoints for sleep and pulmonary outcomes and developed consensus recommendations for response evaluation in NF clinical trials. For patients with airway PNs, polysomnography, impulse oscillometry, and spirometry should be performed to identify abnormal function that will be targeted by the agent under clinical investigation. The functional group endorsed the use of the apnea hypopnea index (AHI) as the primary sleep endpoint, and pulmonary resistance at 10 Hz (R10) or forced expiratory volume in 1 or 0.75 seconds (FEV1 or FEV0.75) as primary pulmonary endpoints. The group defined minimum changes in AHI, R10, and FEV1 or FEV0.75 for response criteria. Secondary sleep outcomes include desaturation and hypercapnia during sleep and arousal index. Secondary pulmonary outcomes include pulmonary resistance and reactance measurements at 5, 10, and 20 Hz; forced vital capacity; peak expiratory flow; and forced expiratory flows. These recommended sleep and pulmonary evaluations are intended to provide researchers with a standardized set of clinically meaningful endpoints for response evaluation in trials of NF1-related airway PNs. © 2016 American Academy of Neurology.

Massive plexiform neurofibromas in childhood: natural history and management issues.

PubMed

Serletis, Demitre; Parkin, Patricia; Bouffet, Eric; Shroff, Manohar; Drake, James M; Rutka, James T

2007-05-01

The authors review their experience with massive plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) in patients with pediatric neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) to better characterize the natural history and management of these complex lesions. The authors performed a retrospective review of data obtained in seven patients with NF1 in whom massive PNs were diagnosed at The Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. These patients attended routine follow-up examinations conducted by a number of specialists, and serial neuroimaging studies were obtained to monitor disease progression. The most common presenting feature of PN was that of a painful, expanding lesion. Furthermore, two patients harbored multiple, distinct PNs affecting different body sites. With respect to management, two patients were simply observed, undergoing serial neuroimaging studies; two patients underwent biopsy sampling of their plexiform lesions; two patients underwent attempted medical treatment (farnesyl transferase inhibitor, R11577, and cyclophosphamide chemotherapy); and three patients required surgical debulking of their PNs because the massive growth of these tumors caused functional compromise. Ultimately, one patient died of respiratory complications due to progressive growth of the massive PN lesion. In this review of their experience, the authors found certain features that underscore the presentation and natural history of PNs. The management of these complex lesions, however, remains unclear. Slow-growing PNs may be observed conservatively, but the authors' experience suggests that resection should be considered in selected cases involving significant deterioration or functional compromise. Nevertheless, patients with massive PNs will benefit from close surveillance by a team of specialists to monitor for ongoing disease progression.

Sirolimus for progressive neurofibromatosis type 1-associated plexiform neurofibromas: a neurofibromatosis Clinical Trials Consortium phase II study.

PubMed

Weiss, Brian; Widemann, Brigitte C; Wolters, Pamela; Dombi, Eva; Vinks, Alexander; Cantor, Alan; Perentesis, John; Schorry, Elizabeth; Ullrich, Nicole; Gutmann, David H; Tonsgard, James; Viskochil, David; Korf, Bruce; Packer, Roger J; Fisher, Michael J

2015-04-01

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs) are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors that arise in one-third of individuals with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). They may cause significant disfigurement, compression of vital structures, neurologic dysfunction, and/or pain. Currently, the only effective management strategy is surgical resection. Converging evidence has demonstrated that the NF1 tumor suppressor protein, neurofibromin, negatively regulates activity in the mammalian Target of Rapamycin pathway. We employed a 2-strata clinical trial design. Stratum 1 included subjects with inoperable, NF1-associated progressive PN and sought to determine whether sirolimus safely and tolerably increases time to progression (TTP). Volumetric MRI analysis conducted at regular intervals was used to determine TTP relative to baseline imaging. The estimated median TTP of subjects receiving sirolimus was 15.4 months (95% CI: 14.3-23.7 mo), which was significantly longer than 11.9 months (P < .001), the median TTP of the placebo arm of a previous PN clinical trial with similar eligibility criteria. This study demonstrated that sirolimus prolongs TTP by almost 4 months in patients with NF1-associated progressive PN. Although the improvement in TTP is modest, given the lack of significant or frequent toxicity and the availability of few other treatment options, the use of sirolimus to slow the growth of progressive PN could be considered in select patients. © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Neuro-Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Resource effects on solitary bee reproduction in a managed crop pollination system

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The number of solitary bees (Megachile rotundata) released for pollination in a managed system (Medicago sativa seed production) and the number of flowers available for brood provisioning may affect reproduction through maternal resource allocation and investment. Overwhelming, limited, or adequate...

Gaussian solitary waves and compactons in Fermi–Pasta–Ulam lattices with Hertzian potentials

PubMed Central

James, Guillaume; Pelinovsky, Dmitry

2014-01-01

We consider a class of fully nonlinear Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) lattices, consisting of a chain of particles coupled by fractional power nonlinearities of order α>1. This class of systems incorporates a classical Hertzian model describing acoustic wave propagation in chains of touching beads in the absence of precompression. We analyse the propagation of localized waves when α is close to unity. Solutions varying slowly in space and time are searched with an appropriate scaling, and two asymptotic models of the chain of particles are derived consistently. The first one is a logarithmic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and possesses linearly orbitally stable Gaussian solitary wave solutions. The second model consists of a generalized KdV equation with Hölder-continuous fractional power nonlinearity and admits compacton solutions, i.e. solitary waves with compact support. When , we numerically establish the asymptotically Gaussian shape of exact FPU solitary waves with near-sonic speed and analytically check the pointwise convergence of compactons towards the limiting Gaussian profile. PMID:24808748

Modified Korteweg–de Vries equation in a negative ion rich hot adiabatic dusty plasma with non-thermal ion and trapped electron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adhikary, N. C., E-mail: nirab-iasst@yahoo.co.in; Deka, M. K.; Dev, A. N.

2014-08-15

In this report, the investigation of the properties of dust acoustic (DA) solitary wave propagation in an adiabatic dusty plasma including the effect of the non-thermal ions and trapped electrons is presented. The reductive perturbation method has been employed to derive the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mK-dV) equation for dust acoustic solitary waves in a homogeneous, unmagnetized, and collisionless plasma whose constituents are electrons, singly charged positive ions, singly charged negative ions, and massive charged dust particles. The stationary analytical solution of the mK-dV equation is numerically analyzed and where the effect of various dusty plasma constituents DA solitary wave propagationmore » is taken into account. It is observed that both the ions in dusty plasma play as a key role for the formation of both rarefactive as well as the compressive DA solitary waves and also the ion concentration controls the transformation of negative to positive potentials of the waves.« less

Modulation stability and optical soliton solutions of nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher order dispersion and nonlinear terms and its applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arshad, Muhammad; Seadawy, Aly R.; Lu, Dianchen

2017-12-01

In optical fibers, the higher order non-linear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) with cubic quintic nonlinearity describes the propagation of extremely short pulses. We constructed bright and dark solitons, solitary wave and periodic solitary wave solutions of generalized higher order NLSE in cubic quintic non Kerr medium by applying proposed modified extended mapping method. These obtained solutions have key applications in physics and mathematics. Moreover, we have also presented the formation conditions on solitary wave parameters in which dark and bright solitons can exist for this media. We also gave graphically the movement of constructed solitary wave and soliton solutions, that helps to realize the physical phenomena's of this model. The stability of the model in normal dispersion and anomalous regime is discussed by using the modulation instability analysis, which confirms that all constructed solutions are exact and stable. Many other such types of models arising in applied sciences can also be solved by this reliable, powerful and effective method.

The effect of shear stress on solitary waves in arteries.

PubMed

Demiray, H

1997-09-01

In the present work, we study the propagation of solitary waves in a prestressed thick walled elastic tube filled with an incompressible inviscid fluid. In order to include the geometric dispersion in the analysis the wall inertia and shear deformation effects are taken into account for the inner pressure-cross-sectional area relation. Using the reductive perturbation technique, the propagation of weakly non-linear waves in the long-wave approximation is examined. It is shown that, contrary to thin tube theories, the present approach makes it possible to have solitary waves even for a Mooney-Rivlin (M-R) material. Due to dependence of the coefficients of the governing Korteweg-deVries equation on initial deformation, the solution profile changes with inner pressure and the axial stretch. The variation of wave profiles for a class of elastic materials are depicted in graphic forms. As might be seen from these illustrations, with increasing thickness ratio, the profile of solitary wave is steepened for a M-R material but it is broadened for biological tissue.

Induced dark solitary pulse in an anomalous dispersion cavity fiber laser.

PubMed

Shao, Guodong; Song, Yufeng; Guo, Jun; Zhao, Luming; Shen, Deyuan; Tang, Dingyuan

2015-11-02

We report on the formation of induced dark solitary pulses in a net anomalous dispersion cavity fiber laser. In a weak birefringence cavity fiber laser simultaneous laser oscillation along the two orthogonal polarization directions of the cavity could be achieved. Under suitable conditions bright cavity solitons could be formed along one polarization direction while CW emission occurs along the orthogonal polarization direction. In a previous paper we have shown that under incoherent polarization coupling a bright soliton always induces a broad dark pulse on the CW beam. In the paper we further show that under coherent polarization coupling a bright soliton could further induce either a weak bright or a dark solitary pulse on the bottom of the broad dark pulse. Numerical simulations have also well reproduced the experimental observations, and further show whether a weak dark or bright solitary pulse is induced is determined by the presence or absence of a phase jump in the induced pulse.

Solitary haemangioma of the shaft of long bones: resection and reconstruction with autologous bone graft.

PubMed

Li, Zhaoxu; Tang, Jicun; Ye, Zhaoming

2013-04-01

Bone haemangiomas are uncommon lesions, occurring in the skull or spine. A solitary haemangioma in the diaphysis of a long bone is rare. We retrospectively investigated six patients who presented with a solitary haemangioma in a long bone diaphysis. After segmental bone resection, the bone defect was replaced by a bone autograft. Patients were reviewed clinically and with radiographs. The mean follow-up was 6 years (range : 1-20 years). At the time of latest follow-up, no patient had a recurrence. Postoperative complications were one wound necrosis and one superficial wound infection. Union of the gap filling graft with the host bone was achieved in all patients at an average of 4 months (range: 3-8 months). The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 77% (range: 53%-90%) of normal at 6 months postoperatively, and 97% (range: 95%-99%) at the last follow-up evaluation. Segmental resection for solitary haemangioma and reconstruction with autologous bone graft can be considered as a suitable treatment option.

Ion-acoustic solitons do not exist in cylindrical and spherical geometries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheridan, T. E.

2017-09-01

We investigate the time evolution of one-dimensional, compressive, ion acoustic solitary waves for planar, cylindrical, and spherical geometries in a plasma of cold fluid ions and Boltzmann electrons. For cylindrical and spherical geometries, we show that inward (outward) going solitary waves cannot be localized (i.e., always have a tail) since the effect of a unipolar velocity perturbation is to shift ions inward (outward) to smaller (larger) radii, thereby increasing (decreasing) the local ion density. That is, there are no quasi-particle soliton states in the cylindrical and spherical cases. These results are confirmed and expanded using a plasma simulation for the cylindrical case. We initialize the system with an inward propagating planar soliton. We find supersonic solitary waves which increase in speed as they near the origin, while the wave amplitude increases as r-1/2. All solitary waves develop the predicted tail, but for larger amplitudes, the tail is unstable and evolves into an acoustic wave train.

Conceptualizing the autism spectrum in terms of natural selection and behavioral ecology: the solitary forager hypothesis.

PubMed

Reser, Jared Edward

2011-05-21

This article reviews etiological and comparative evidence supporting the hypothesis that some genes associated with the autism spectrum were naturally selected and represent the adaptive benefits of being cognitively suited for solitary foraging. People on the autism spectrum are conceptualized here as ecologically competent individuals that could have been adept at learning and implementing hunting and gathering skills in the ancestral environment. Upon independence from their mothers, individuals on the autism spectrum may have been psychologically predisposed toward a different life-history strategy, common among mammals and even some primates, to hunt and gather primarily on their own. Many of the behavioral and cognitive tendencies that autistic individuals exhibit are viewed here as adaptations that would have complemented a solitary lifestyle. For example, the obsessive, repetitive and systemizing tendencies in autism, which can be mistakenly applied toward activities such as block stacking today, may have been focused by hunger and thirst toward successful food procurement in the ancestral past. Both solitary mammals and autistic individuals are low on measures of gregariousness, socialization, direct gazing, eye contact, facial expression, facial recognition, emotional engagement, affiliative need and other social behaviors. The evolution of the neurological tendencies in solitary species that predispose them toward being introverted and reclusive may hold important clues for the evolution of the autism spectrum and the natural selection of autism genes. Solitary animals are thought to eschew unnecessary social contact as part of a foraging strategy often due to scarcity and wide dispersal of food in their native environments. It is thought that the human ancestral environment was often nutritionally sparse as well, and this may have driven human parties to periodically disband. Inconsistencies in group size must have led to inconsistencies in the manner in which natural selection fashioned the social minds of humans, which in turn may well be responsible for the large variation in social abilities seen in human populations. This article emphasizes that individuals on the autism spectrum may have only been partially solitary, that natural selection may have only favored subclinical autistic traits and that the most severe cases of autism may be due to assortative mating.

The Mouse Solitary Odorant Receptor Gene Promoters as Models for the Study of Odorant Receptor Gene Choice

PubMed Central

Degl'Innocenti, Andrea

2016-01-01

Background In vertebrates, several anatomical regions located within the nasal cavity mediate olfaction. Among these, the main olfactory epithelium detects most conventional odorants. Olfactory sensory neurons, provided with cilia exposed to the air, detect volatile chemicals via an extremely large family of seven-transmembrane chemoreceptors named odorant receptors. Their genes are expressed in a monogenic and monoallelic fashion: a single allele of a single odorant receptor gene is transcribed in a given mature neuron, through a still uncharacterized molecular mechanism known as odorant receptor gene choice. Aim Odorant receptor genes are typically arranged in genomic clusters, but a few are isolated (we call them solitary) from the others within a region broader than 1 Mb upstream and downstream with respect to their transcript's coordinates. The study of clustered genes is problematic, because of redundancy and ambiguities in their regulatory elements: we propose to use the solitary genes as simplified models to understand odorant receptor gene choice. Procedures Here we define number and identity of the solitary genes in the mouse genome (C57BL/6J), and assess the conservation of the solitary status in some mammalian orthologs. Furthermore, we locate their putative promoters, predict their homeodomain binding sites (commonly present in the promoters of odorant receptor genes) and compare candidate promoter sequences with those of wild-caught mice. We also provide expression data from histological sections. Results In the mouse genome there are eight intact solitary genes: Olfr19 (M12), Olfr49, Olfr266, Olfr267, Olfr370, Olfr371, Olfr466, Olfr1402; five are conserved as solitary in rat. These genes are all expressed in the main olfactory epithelium of three-day-old mice. The C57BL/6J candidate promoter of Olfr370 has considerably varied compared to its wild-type counterpart. Within the putative promoter for Olfr266 a homeodomain binding site is predicted. As a whole, our findings favor Olfr266 as a model gene to investigate odorant receptor gene choice. PMID:26794459

Radio-telemetric evidence of migration in the gregarious but not the solitary morph of the Mormon cricket (Anabrus simplex: Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lorch, Patrick D.; Gwynne, D. T.

The Mormon cricket, Anabrus simplex, is one of just a few species of katydids (or bushcrickets, Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) that, like migratory locusts, appear to have solitary and migratory morphs. Using radio telemetry we studied movements of individuals of two morphs of this flightless species. Individuals within each migratory band had similar rates of movements along similar directional headings whereas solitary individuals moved little and showed little evidence of directionality in movement. Our results also add to other recent radio-telemetry studies showing that flightless insects of 1-2g in mass can be tracked successfully using these methods.

Solitary breast mass as initial presentation of clinically silent metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

McLauglin, Sarah A; Thiel, David D; Smith, Stephen L; Wehle, Michael J; Menke, David M

2006-06-01

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary tumors is rare. Breast metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) origin have been described in sporadic case reports. We present a patient with a solitary breast mass representing the manifestation of clinically silent, metastatic RCC. A 76-year-old female was 12 years prior removed from radical nephrectomy for localized RCC. Her new breast mass was identified on physical examination. Pathology of the resected mass was diagnostic of metastatic RCC and subsequent imaging studies demonstrated a 1.9 cm renal mass in her solitary kidney. The patient elected subcutaneous Interleukin-2 immunotherapy as primary treatment for her recurrent RCC.

Pre-wintering conditions and post-winter performance in a solitary bee

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Notwithstanding lowered metabolism, and because diapausing insects have no access to food, diapause has an energetic cost that may affect post-diapause performance. Previous studies on the solitary bee Osmia lignaria have shown that prolonged pre-wintering periods (the time during which individuals ...

Oblique propagation of solitary waves in weakly relativistic magnetized plasma with kappa distributed electrons in the presence of negative ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salmanpoor, H.; Sharifian, M.; Gholipour, S.; Borhani Zarandi, M.; Shokri, B.

2018-03-01

The oblique propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic solitary waves (solitons) in magnetized collisionless and weakly relativistic plasma with positive and negative ions and super thermal electrons has been examined by using reduced perturbation method to obtain the Korteweg-de Vries equation that admits an obliquely propagating soliton solution. We have investigated the effects of plasma parameters like negative ion density, electrons temperature, angle between wave vector and magnetic field, ions velocity, and k (spectral index in kappa distribution) on the amplitude and width of solitary waves. It has been found out that four modes exist in our plasma model, but the analysis of the results showed that only two types of ion acoustic modes (fast and slow) exist in the plasma and in special cases only one mode could be propagated. The parameters of plasma for these two modes (or one mode) determine which one is rarefactive and which one is compressive. The main parameter is negative ions density (β) indicating which mode is compressive or rarefactive. The effects of the other plasma parameters on amplitude and width of the ion acoustic solitary waves have been studied. The main conclusion is that the effects of the plasma parameters on amplitude and width of the solitary wave strongly depend on the value of the negative ion density.

Bibliometric analysis of 100 most cited articles on oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Gondivkar, Shailesh M; Sarode, Sachin C; Gadbail, Amol R; Gondivkar, Rima S; Chole, Revant; Sarode, Gargi S

2018-06-15

Citation analysis reflects the scientific recognition and influential performance of an article in the scientific community. The objective of this study was to identify and characterize the 100 most cited articles on oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). A list of 100 most cited articles related to OSF was retrieved from the Science Citation Index-Expanded tool of Scopus database in May 2018.The articles were further reviewed, and basic information was recorded including the number of citations, citation density, journals, with its impact factor, category and quartile, publication year, authors, institution and country of origin, article type and level of evidence. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the results. The most frequently cited article received 780 citations, while the least frequently cited article received 49 (mean107.5 citations per article). There were 38 different journals with Journal of Oral Pathology and Medicine having the most citations (n = 22).The 100 most cited articles were published from 1966 to 2013, with 81% published after 1990.Thirteen authors listed 5 or more articles in the top 100 list and India was found to be the most prolific country with 38 articles. In terms of article type, there were 72 research articles and 28 review articles. This first citation analysis of the 100 most cited articles render a historical perspective on the progress of research in the field of OSF and enables the comprehensive identification and recognition of the most important and relevant research topics concerned. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in normal, premalignant and malignant oral lesions.

PubMed

Khushbu, Buddhdev P; Chalishazar, Monali; Kale, Hemant; Baranwal, Malay; Modi, Tapan

2017-01-01

The aim of the study was to assess the cell proliferation and biologic aggressiveness of the lesions by evaluating the significance of number and dispersal pattern of Argyrophillic Nucleolar organizing Regions (AgNORs) using silver colloid technique in normal mucosa, premalignant and malignant lesions. In-vitro study, lab setting. The study sample consisted of five groups each with a sample size of 10 and a control group. Group I (Control), Group II (Oral Submucous Fibrosis - Mild dysplasia), Group III (Oral Submucous Fibrosis - Moderate dysplasia), Group IV (Leukoplakia - Mild dysplasia), Group V (Leukoplakia - Moderate dysplasia) and Group VI (Squamous cell carcinoma). Two sections were cut, of which one was stained with H/E stain for histopathological analysis and the second one with Silver nitrate for AgNOR counting and grading. The data obtained were analyzed both qualitatively and qualititavely. Student's Unpaired T test and One- way ANOVA. The Mean AgNOR count increased in the following ascending order: i.e OSMF with mild dysplasia, leukoplakia with mild dysplasia, OSMF with moderate dysplasia, leukoplakia with moderate dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma. Qualititatively, Type II AgNOR pattern was found to be the predominant one in all the samples. Type III AgNOR pattern was found to be increasing with the increase in the grade of dysplasia. AgNOR quantity is proportional to the proliferative activity of the cell and does not necessarily always indicate malignancy. It is the qualitative characteristics of AgNOR that help to differentiate the premalignant and malignant lesions.

Areca nut extract up-regulates prostaglandin production, cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA and protein expression of human oral keratinocytes.

PubMed

Jeng, J H; Ho, Y S; Chan, C P; Wang, Y J; Hahn, L J; Lei, D; Hsu, C C; Chang, M C

2000-07-01

There are about 600 million betel quid (BQ) chewers in the world. BQ chewing is associated with increased incidence of oral cancer and submucous fibrosis. In this study, areca nut (AN) extract (200-800 microg/ml) induced the prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production by 1. 4-3.4-fold and 6-keto-PGF(1 alpha) production by 1.1-1.7-fold of gingival keratinocytes (GK), respectively, following 24 h of exposure. Exposure of GK to AN extract (>400 microg/ml) led to cell retraction and intracellular vacuoles formation. At concentrations of 800 and 1200 microg/ml, AN extract induced cell death at 21-24 and 32-52% as detected by MTT assay and cellular lactate dehydrogenase release, respectively. Interestingly, AN-induced morphological changes of GK are reversible. GK can still proliferate following exposure to AN extract. Cytotoxicity of AN extract cannot be inhibited by indomethacin (1 microM) and aspirin (50 microM), indicating that prostaglandin (PG) production is not the major factor responsible for AN cytotoxicity. PGE(2) exhibited little effect on the growth of GK at concentrations ranging from 100-1000 pg/ml. Stimulating GK production of PGs by AN extract could be due to induction of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA expression and protein production. These results suggest that AN ingredients are critical in the pathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis and oral cancer via their stimulatory effects on the PGs, COX-2 production and associated tissue inflammatory responses. AN cytotoxicity to GK is not directly mediated by COX-2 stimulation and PG production.

Omega 3: a novel treatment agent in oral submucous fibrosis: a pilot study.

PubMed

Raizada, Milanjeet Kaur; Sable, Digamber M; Chowdhery, Asha; Chavan, Mahesh Shivaji; Rajpurohit, Ladu Singh

2017-07-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic debilitating disease and a premalignant condition of the oral cavity. It is well known for its impervious nature to medical therapy. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids have been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, its role in OSF is still not known. This preliminary study assessed the efficacy of systemic omega 3 in this disease. A randomized single-blinded controlled trial was designed, and a total of 10 clinically confirmed adult patients with OSF were included in the study. Group A was given biweekly intralesional injections of dexamethasone 1.5 ml and hyaluronidase 1500 IU mixed with lignocaine for 6 weeks and a placebo for 3 months. Group B was also given similar intralesional injections but with 1 gm of omega 3 three times daily continuously for 3 months. Patients were followed every month for 3 months and then after 6 months. Significant improvement was noted among all clinical parameters (interincisal distance, tongue protrusion, cheek flexibility, and visual analogue scale) in both the groups. Intergroup comparison showed significant reduction in burning sensation in group B; that is, P value was 0.005, while improvement in rest of the three clinical features was not statistically significant. Omega 3 can be used as an adjunctive treatment option in patients with OSF to reduce subjective symptoms. More studies should be conducted with a larger sample size to study the effect of omega 3 in patients with OSF. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis is a distinct clinicopathological entity with better prognosis.

PubMed

Gadbail, Amol Ramchandra; Chaudhary, Minal; Gawande, Madhuri; Hande, Alka; Sarode, Sachin; Tekade, Satyajit Ashok; Korde, Sheetal; Zade, Prajakta; Bhowate, Rahul; Borle, Rajiv; Patil, Swati

2017-07-01

The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological features of oral squamous cell carcinoma in the background of oral submucous fibrosis (OSCC-OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). A total of 217 cases of OSCC were retrieved from achieves for the analysis. OSCC-OSMF cases were segregated on the basis of history and clinicopathological parameters. The study included 217 patients of which 112 had OSCC and 105 OSCC-OSMF. OSCC-OSMFs were younger compared with OSCC. Overall oral cancer was noted predominantly in males compared to females. The number of OSCC-OSMF was more in clinical TNM stage I and stage II as compared to OSCC, whereas the number of OSCC was more in stage III and stage IV compared to OSCC-OSMF. Histological presentation of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more in OSCC-OSMF compared to OSCC, whereas moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma was significantly more in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSMF. Regional lymph node metastasis was significantly higher in OSCC compared to OSCC-OSMF. Three-year disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in OSCC-OSMF compared to OSCC. The OSCC-OSMF was found to be a clinicopathologically distinct entity with a better grade of tumor differentiation, less incidence of nodal metastases, and early detection (early clinical TNM stage) compared to OSCC. All these factors probably contribute to a better prognosis and increased 3-year disease-free survival in OSCC-OSMF patients. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Immunohistochemical study of p21 and Bcl-2 in leukoplakia, oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Sutariya, Rakesh V; Manjunatha, Bhari Sharanesha

2016-11-01

Oral Squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) results from genetic damage, leading to uncontrolled cell proliferation of damaged cells and the cell death. In the course of its progression, visible changes are taking place at the cellular level (atypical) and the resultant at the tissue level (epithelial dysplasia). The Aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the expressions of intensity of p21 and Bcl-2 in Leukoplakia, oralsubmucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Total 60 cases, 30 cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma, 15 cases of oral submucous fibrosis and 15 cases of Leukoplakia were evaluated immunohistochemically for p21 and Bcl-2 expression. p21 showed positive expression in 13 (86.67%) cases out of 15 cases of OSMF, 12 (80%) cases of leukoplakia out of 15 cases and 24 (80%) cases out of 30 cases of OSCC. The Bcl-2 expression was positive in 13 (86.67%) cases of OSMF, all cases of Leukoplakia and 25 (83.33%) cases of OSCC. No statistical significance was noted in the expression of p21 and Bcl-2 positive expression between OSMF, Leukoplakia and OSCC. Statistical analysis for comparison of intensity of p21 expression in different grades of OSCC showed no significance. Statistical significance difference was found between the expressions of Bcl-2 in moderately and poorly differentiated SCC. The intensity of p21 and Bcl-2 expressions in different grades of OSCC indicates a key role in progression of oral neoplasia.

Bony defect of palate and vomer in submucous cleft palate patients.

PubMed

Ren, S; Ma, L; Zhou, X; Sun, Z

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to visualize bony defects of the palate and vomer in submucous cleft palate patients (SMCP) by three-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) reconstruction and to classify the range of bony defects. Forty-eight consecutive non-operated SMCP patients were included. Diagnosis was based on the presence of at least one of three classical signs of SMCP: bifid uvula, a translucent zone in the midline of the soft palate, and a palpable 'V' notch on the posterior border of the bony palate. Patients were imaged using spiral CT. 3D reconstruction models were created of the palate and vomer. The sagittal extent of the bony cleft in SMCP was classified into four types: type I, no V-shaped hard palate cleft (8.3%); type II, cleft involving the partial palate (43.8%); type III, cleft involving the complete palate and extending to the incisive foramen (43.8%); type IV, cleft involving the complete palate and the alveolar bone (4.2%). The extent of the vomer defect was classified into three types: type A, vomer completely fused with the palate (8.3%); type B, vomer partially fused with the palate (43.8%); type C, vomer not fused with the palate up to the incisive foramen (47.9%). Significant variability in hard palate defects in SMCP is the rule rather than the exception. The association of velopharyngeal insufficiency with anatomical malformations may be complex. Copyright © 2014 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Contact Endoscopy of mucosal lesions of oral cavity – Preliminary experience

PubMed Central

Mishra, Awadhesh Kumar; Nilakantan, Ajith; Sahai, Kavita; Datta, Rakesh; Malik, Ajay

2014-01-01

Background Contact Endoscopy is a non invasive tool to visualise alterations in cell architecture in vivo. In this study we investigated the diagnostic accuracy of Contact Endoscopy in detecting malignancy in oral mucosal lesions. Methods 76 patients with oral mucosal lesions requiring biopsy were included. Contact Endoscopy was performed by Otolaryngologist before biopsy and findings recorded. The lesion was then biopsied and sent for histopathological examination by Pathologist who was blinded to Contact Endoscopy findings. Findings of Contact Endoscopy were compared with histopathological findings taking the latter as the gold standard. Two biopsies were reported as ‘inconclusive’ on histopathological examination and hence excluded from the final analysis. Data of the remaining 74 patients is presented here. Results Clinically lesions were diagnosed as ulcero-proliferative lesions in 34 patients, Leukoplakia in 19, Erythroplakia in 9, Lichen planus in 5 and Submucous fibrosis in 7 patients. Histopathological examination revealed presence of malignancy in 97.06% of ulcero-proliferative mucosal lesions, 10.53% of leukoplakia and 33.33% of erythroplakia while corresponding figures on Contact Endoscopy were 94.12%, 5.26% and 11.11% respectively. No malignancy was detected in lichen planus and submucous fibrosis by either technique. When compared with histopathological examination, CE showed sensitivity of 84.21%, specificity of 94.44% and accuracy of 89.19%. No adverse effects on the patients were seen due to the procedure or stain. Conclusion Contact Endoscopy may be useful in determining cellular structure in vivo without biopsy to detect oral malignancy early. Further studies are suggested. PMID:25378780

Behavioral Profiles of Anxious Solitary Children: Predicting Peer Relations Trajectories from Third through Fifth Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gazelle, Heidi; Shell, Madelynn D.

2017-01-01

Consistent with a holistic perspective emphasizing the integration of multiple individual characteristics within child systems, it was hypothesized that subgroups of anxious solitary (AS) children differentiated by agreeable, normal, attention-seeking, and externalizing behaviors would demonstrate enduring heterogeneity in peer relations over the…

Propagation and head-on collisions of ion-acoustic solitons in a Thomas-Fermi magnetoplasma: Relativistic degeneracy effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akbari-Moghanjoughi, M.

Small amplitude propagation and quasielastic head-on collision of ion-acoustic solitary waves (IASWs) are investigated in a degenerate Thomas-Fermi electron-positron-ion magnetized plasma using extended Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo reductive perturbation method for both ultrarelativistic and nonrelativistic electron/positron degeneracy cases. It is observed that both bright- and dark-type solitary shapes can exist in such plasma, depending on two critical values. The shape of ion-acoustic solitary structures as well as sign of their collision phase shifts are both determined by the same critical values. It is further revealed that relativistic degeneracy of electrons/positrons has significant effect on the propagation as well as interaction of IASWs.

Pinworm infection masquerading as colorectal liver metastasis.

PubMed

Roberts, K J; Hubscher, S; Mangat, K; Sutcliffe, R; Marudanayagam, R

2012-09-01

Enterobius vermicularis is responsible for a variety of diseases but rarely affects the liver. Accurate characterisation of suspected liver metastases is essential to avoid unnecessary surgery. In the presented case, following a diagnosis of rectal cancer, a solitary liver nodule was diagnosed as a liver metastasis due to typical radiological features and subsequently resected. At pathological assessment, however, a necrotic nodule containing E. vermicularis was identified. Solitary necrotic nodules of the liver are usually benign but misdiagnosed frequently as malignant due to radiological features. It is standard practice to diagnose colorectal liver metastases solely on radiological evidence. Without obtaining tissue prior to liver resection, misdiagnosis of solitary necrotic nodules of the liver will continue to occur.

Pinworm infection masquerading as colorectal liver metastasis

PubMed Central

Roberts, KJ; Hubscher, S; Mangat, K; Sutcliffe, R; Marudanayagam, R

2012-01-01

Enterobius vermicularis is responsible for a variety of diseases but rarely affects the liver. Accurate characterisation of suspected liver metastases is essential to avoid unnecessary surgery. In the presented case, following a diagnosis of rectal cancer, a solitary liver nodule was diagnosed as a liver metastasis due to typical radiological features and subsequently resected. At pathological assessment, however, a necrotic nodule containing E vermicularis was identified. Solitary necrotic nodules of the liver are usually benign but misdiagnosed frequently as malignant due to radiological features. It is standard practice to diagnose colorectal liver metastases solely on radiological evidence. Without obtaining tissue prior to liver resection, misdiagnosis of solitary necrotic nodules of the liver will continue to occur. PMID:22943320

Recurrent intracranial solitary fibrous tumor initially diagnosed as hemangiopericytoma.

PubMed

Hori, Emiko; Kurimoto, Masanori; Fukuda, Osamu; Takahashi, Chiaki; Nagai, Shoichi; Oya, Takeshi; Endo, Shunro

2007-01-01

We describe a case of an intracranial solitary fibrous tumor that recurred three times consecutively in an 11-year period. A 72-year-old man presented with a headache and gait disturbance. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a dumbbell tumor at the left tentorium. The tumor was removed but recurred. The first diagnosis was hemangiopericytoma, but all specimens showed a "patternless pattern" and few reticulin fibers, which features were not compatible with hemangiopericytoma. All tumors showed immunoreactivity for CD34 and bcl-2. These results point to a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) and not to hemangiopericytoma. We present here a hypercellular spindle-cell tumor that was very similar to hemangiopericytoma but is better diagnosed as SFT.

Numerical studies of the KP line-solitons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakravarty, S.; McDowell, T.; Osborne, M.

2017-03-01

The Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation admits a class of solitary wave solutions localized along distinct rays in the xy-plane, called the line-solitons, which describe the interaction of shallow water waves on a flat surface. These wave interactions have been observed on long, flat beaches, as well as have been recreated in laboratory experiments. In this paper, the line-solitons are investigated via direct numerical simulations of the KP equation, and the interactions of the evolved solitary wave patterns are studied. The objective is to obtain greater insight into solitary wave interactions in shallow water and to determine the extent the KP equation is a good model in describing these nonlinear interactions.

Optical Kerr spatiotemporal dark extreme waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wabnitz, Stefan; Kodama, Yuji; Baronio, Fabio

2018-02-01

We study the existence and propagation of multidimensional dark non-diffractive and non-dispersive spatiotemporal optical wave-packets in nonlinear Kerr media. We report analytically and confirm numerically the properties of spatiotemporal dark lines, X solitary waves and lump solutions of the (2 + 1)D nonlinear Schr odinger equation (NLSE). Dark lines, X waves and lumps represent holes of light on a continuous wave background. These solitary waves are derived by exploiting the connection between the (2 + 1)D NLSE and a well-known equation of hydrodynamics, namely the (2+1)D Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. This finding opens a novel path for the excitation and control of spatiotemporal optical solitary and rogue waves, of hydrodynamic nature.

Arbitrary amplitude dust kinetic Alfvén solitary waves in the presence of polarization force

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Manpreet; Kaur, Nimardeep; Saini, N. S.

2018-02-01

In this investigation, the effect of polarization force on dust kinetic Alfvén solitary waves (DKASWs) in a magnetized dusty plasma consisting of dust fluid, electrons, and positively charged ions is studied. By incorporating density non-uniformity and polarization force in the fluid model equations, the energy balance equation is derived, and from the expression for Sagdeev pseudopotential, the existence conditions for solitary structures in terms of Mach number are determined. From the numerical analysis of Sagdeev pseudopotential, compressive and rarefactive DKASWs at sub- and super-Alfvénic speeds are observed. These waves are significantly affected by varying polarization force, angle of propagation, plasma beta, and Mach number.

Nonlinear layered lattice model and generalized solitary waves in imperfectly bonded structures.

PubMed

Khusnutdinova, Karima R; Samsonov, Alexander M; Zakharov, Alexey S

2009-05-01

We study nonlinear waves in a two-layered imperfectly bonded structure using a nonlinear lattice model. The key element of the model is an anharmonic chain of oscillating dipoles, which can be viewed as a basic lattice analog of a one-dimensional macroscopic waveguide. Long nonlinear longitudinal waves in a layered lattice with a soft middle (or bonding) layer are governed by a system of coupled Boussinesq-type equations. For this system we find conservation laws and show that pure solitary waves, which exist in a single equation and can exist in the coupled system in the symmetric case, are structurally unstable and are replaced with generalized solitary waves.

Unicameral bone cyst of the calcaneum.

PubMed

Hazmy, C H Wan

2004-12-01

The calcaneus is not a common site for a unicameral solitary bone cyst. Little is known about the etiology and natural history of these lesions. The author reports an adult man with a solitary bone cyst of the os calcis which was confirmed radiologically and histologically and successfully treated with curretage and bone grafting.

Unfolding Lives in Digital Worlds: Digikid Teachers Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Lynda

2012-01-01

In this paper, I describe ongoing research exploring ways in which young teachers' digital lives unfold inside and outside classrooms. I first interviewed teachers in 2006, and identified three different routes into digital worlds: serious solitary self-taught, serious solitary school-taught and playful social. A number of teachers agreed to be…

Micro-computed tomography of pupal metamorphosis in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Insect metamorphosis involves a complex change in form and function, but most of these changes are internal and treated as a black box. In this study, we examined development of the solitary bee, Megachile rotundata, using micro-computed tomography (µCT) and digital volume analysis. We describe deve...

How We Manage Patients with Plasmacytomas.

PubMed

Fotiou, Despina; Dimopoulos, Meletios A; Kastritis, Efstathios

2018-04-17

To discuss the diagnostic approach, treatment options, and future considerations in the management of plasmacytomas, either solitary or in the context of overt multiple myeloma (MM). Advanced imaging techniques such as whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography/computerized tomography are essential for the diagnostic workup of solitary plasmacytomas (SP) to rule out the presence of other disease foci. The role of flow cytometry and clonal plasma cell detection is currently under study together with other prognostic factors for the identification of patients with SP at high risk of progression to overt MM. Solitary plasmacytomas are treated effectively with local radiotherapy whereas systemic therapy is required at relapse. Clonal plasma cells that accumulate at extramedullary sites have distinct biological characteristics. Patients with MM and soft tissue involvement have poor outcomes and should be treated as ultra-high risk. A revised definition of SP that distinguishes between true solitary clonal PC accumulations and SP with minimal bone marrow involvement should be considered to guide an appropriate therapeutic and follow-up approach. Future studies should be conducted to determine optimum treatment approaches for patients with MM and paraskeletal or extramedullary disease.

[Clinicopathologic characteristics of hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor with giant cells].

PubMed

Wang, Hai-yan; Fan, Qin-he; Gong, Qi-xing; Wang, Zheng

2009-03-01

To study the pathological characteristics, diagnosis and differential diagnoses of hemangiopericytoma-solitary fibrous tumor with giant cells. Pathological characteristics of seven cases of orbital and extraorbital hemangiopericytoma-solitary fibrous tumors with giant cells were evaluated by HE and immunohistochemistry (EnVision method). Two cases were located in the orbit, one of which had recurred. Five cases were located in the extraorbital regions. Histologically, the tumors were well-circumscribed and composed of non-atypical, round to spindle cells with collagen deposition in the stroma. The tumors had prominent vasculatures and in areas, pseudovascular spaces lined by multinucleated giant cells lining which were also present in the stroma. Immunohistochemically, both neoplastic cells and multinucleate giant cells expressed CD34. Seven patients underwent tumor excision and were well and without tumor recurrence upon the clinical follow-up. Hemangiopericytoma-solitary fibrous tumor with giant cells is an intermediate soft tissue tumor. It typically involves the orbital or extraorbital regions. Histologically, the tumor should be distinguished from giant cell fibroblastoma, pleomorphic hyalinzing angiectatic tumor of soft part and angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma.

Electron-acoustic solitary waves in dense quantum electron-ion plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Misra, A. P.; Shukla, P. K.; Bhowmik, C.

2007-08-15

A quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model is used to investigate the propagation characteristics of nonlinear electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in a dense quantum plasma whose constituents are two groups of electrons: one inertial cold electrons and other inertialess hot electrons, and the stationary ions which form the neutralizing background. By using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, which governs the dynamics of EASWs, is derived in both spherical and cylindrical geometry. The effects of cold electrons and the density correlations due to quantum fluctuations on the profiles of the amplitudes and widths of the solitary structures are examinedmore » numerically. The nondimensional parameter {delta}=n{sub c0}/n{sub h0}, which is the equilibrium density ratio of the cold to hot electron component, is shown to play a vital role in the formation of both bright and dark solitons. It is also found that the angular dependence of the physical quantities and the presence of cold electrons in a quantum plasma lead to the coexistence of some new interesting novel solitary structures quite distinctive from the classical ones.« less

Parallelization of elliptic solver for solving 1D Boussinesq model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarwidi, D.; Adytia, D.

2018-03-01

In this paper, a parallel implementation of an elliptic solver in solving 1D Boussinesq model is presented. Numerical solution of Boussinesq model is obtained by implementing a staggered grid scheme to continuity, momentum, and elliptic equation of Boussinesq model. Tridiagonal system emerging from numerical scheme of elliptic equation is solved by cyclic reduction algorithm. The parallel implementation of cyclic reduction is executed on multicore processors with shared memory architectures using OpenMP. To measure the performance of parallel program, large number of grids is varied from 28 to 214. Two test cases of numerical experiment, i.e. propagation of solitary and standing wave, are proposed to evaluate the parallel program. The numerical results are verified with analytical solution of solitary and standing wave. The best speedup of solitary and standing wave test cases is about 2.07 with 214 of grids and 1.86 with 213 of grids, respectively, which are executed by using 8 threads. Moreover, the best efficiency of parallel program is 76.2% and 73.5% for solitary and standing wave test cases, respectively.

Incidental detection of prostate-specific antigen-negative metastatic prostate cancer initially presented with solitary pulmonary nodule on fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography

PubMed Central

Erdogan, Ezgi Basak; Buyukpinarbasili, Nur; Ziyade, Sedat; Akman, Tolga; Turk, Haci Mehmet; Aydin, Mehmet

2015-01-01

A 71-year-old male patient with solitary pulmonary nodule underwent fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG PET/CT) showing slightly increased FDG uptake in this nodule. In addition, PET/CT detected hypermetabolic sclerotic bone lesions in the right second rib and 7th thoracic vertebrae, which were interpreted as possible metastases, and mildly increased FDG uptake in the prostate gland highly suspicious of malignancy. The patient's prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level was within normal range (3.8 ng/dL). The histopathological examination of the lung nodule and right second rib lesion proved metastases from prostate cancer, then the prostate biopsy-confirmed prostate adenocarcinoma. The unique feature of this case is to emphasize the importance of performing PET/CT for solitary pulmonary nodule in detecting PSA-negative metastatic prostate cancer. This case indicated that it should be kept in mind that, even if the PSA is negative, a lung metastasis of prostate cancer may be an underlying cause in patients evaluated for solitary pulmonary nodule by FDG PET/CT. PMID:26170575

Cellular solitary fibrous tumor (hemangiopericytoma) with anaplasia at cerebellopontine angle--a case report.

PubMed

Zeng, Jianying; Ogera, Patricia; Benardete, Ethan A; Nicastri, Anthony D; Rao, Chandrakant

2012-08-15

Cellular solitary fibrous tumor is currently considered a synonym for hemangiopericytoma, as it became increasingly clear that the morphological and immunohistochemical features that separate these two entities have become tenuous, and evidence for a unifying concept has emerged. Furthermore, as no evidence of pericytic differentiation is given in most cases of hemangiopericytoma, this diagnostic term is waning in popularity. We present here a case of cellular solitary fibrous tumor in a 22-year-old man. Neuroimaging revealed a right cerebellopontine angle tumor. Most of the tumor was cellular although some less cellular areas were seen. Sinusoidally dilated large vessels, including staghorn type, were seen. Nuclear pleomorphism and increased mitotic activity (5 mitosis/10 high power field) were regarded as evidence of anaplasia. Diffuse CD34 immunoreactivity and focal positivity for Factor XIIIa were seen in the tumor, which was negative for EMA and S100. The tumor also displayed rich reticulin network. Solitary fibrous tumor at cerebellopontine angle is rare, and 20 such cases (five reported as hemangiopericytoma) have been reported in the English literature. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Fat-forming Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Kidney - A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Bacalbasa, Nicolae; Balescu, Irina; Jinescu, George; Marcu, Madalina; Contolenco, Andreea; Pop, Doina; Dobritoiu, Dragos; Ionescu, Olivia; Ionescu, Paris; Stoica, Claudia

2018-01-01

Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumors arising from the kidney are extremely rare, with only few cases reported so far. We report the case of a 49-year-old patient investigated for lumbar pain and diagnosed preoperatively with a large retroperitoneal tumor destroying the right kidney. The patient was submitted to surgery, the tumor being resected en bloc with right nephrectomy. The histopathological studies demonstrated the presence of a hemangiopericytoma-like tumor with adipocytary component; the immunohistochemical studies demonstrated the presence of cluster of differentiation 34 (CD34), while human melanoma black (HMB45) staining was negative. Therefore, the diagnostic of fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney was established. The postoperative outcome was uneventful, the patient being discharged on the sixth postoperative day. In conclusion, although fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney is a very rare entity, this diagnosis should be taken into consideration whenever a large retroperitoneal mass with high adipose content and renal invasion is described at the preoperative studies. Copyright© 2018, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Obliquely Incident Solitary Wave onto a Vertical Wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, Harry

2012-10-01

When a solitary wave impinges obliquely onto a reflective vertical wall, it can take the formation of a Mach reflection (a geometrically similar reflection from acoustics). The mathematical theory predicts that the wave at the reflection can amplify not twice, but as high as four times the incident wave amplitude. Nevertheless, this theoretical four-fold amplification has not been verified by numerical or laboratory experiments. We discuss the discrepancies between the theory and the experiments; then, improve the theory with higher-order corrections. The modified theory results in substantial improvement and is now in good agreement with the numerical as well as our laboratory results. Our laboratory experiments indicate that the wave amplitude along the reflective wall can reach 0.91 times the quiescent water depth, which is higher than the maximum of a freely propagating solitary wave. Hence, this maximum runup 0.91 h would be possible even if the amplitude of the incident solitary wave were as small as 0.24 h. This wave behavior could provide an explanation for local variability of tsunami runup as well as for sneaker waves.

[Surgical treatment of snoring by correction of nasal and oropharyngeal obstruction].

PubMed

Martin, F

1986-10-01

32 patients with habitual snoring and 2 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome underwent nasal and/or palatopharyngeal surgery. 12 patients with combined nasal septoplasty, submucous resection of the inferior turbinate bones and palatopharyngoplasty gained total relief from snoring. The same result was achieved in 10 children with removal of extremes of tonsillar and adenoid enlargement. From 7 patients with nasal surgery alone 4 experienced total improvement in the snoring, 3 perceived no long-term relief. 3 adults with PPP alone gained some change in their snoring. Uvulectomy in 2 adults had no influence on the snoring situation.

Indirect action of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the isolated muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig oesophagus

PubMed Central

Kamikawa, Yuichiro; Shimo, Yasuo

1983-01-01

1 The site of action of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was examined on the isolated muscularis mucosae attached to the submucous plexus of the guinea-pig oesophagus. Isotonic responses of the longitudinal muscularis mucosae were recorded. 2 5-HT produced a transient contraction of the muscularis mucosae at concentrations higher than 3 μM. The contraction was rapid in onset, reaching a peak in about 15 s or less, and was restored to the basal level after 20 to 30 s without washing out 5-HT. When the 5-HT-induced contraction faded to the basal tone, successive applications of 5-HT no longer produced any contracture. 3 Nicotine (Nic), at concentrations higher than 10 μM, also produced a transient contraction which had a very similar pattern to that induced by 5-HT. Again, the successive application of Nic no longer produced any contracture following prior treatment with Nic itself. However, the 5-HT-induced contraction was not modified by the presence of Nic. 4 Exogenously applied acetylcholine (ACh) produced a concentration-dependent contraction of the muscularis mucoase, the 50% effective concentration (EC50) was 69 ± 5.6 nM. The contraction was sustained during incubation with ACh, and was not modified by prior treatment with 5-HT or Nic. 5 The 5-HT (100 μM)-induced contraction was completely abolished by tetrodotoxin (0.2 μM) and atropine (0.2 μM). This means that the action is mediated by stimulating cholinergic nerves in the submucous plexus attached to muscularis mucosae. Moreover, the stimulating action of 5-HT does not involve nicotinic receptors, since the action was not blocked by hexamethonium (100 μM). 6 Among several 5-MT antagonists examined, methysergide (1 μM), ketanserin (1 μM) and morphine (100 μM) failed to modify the 5-HT (100 μM)-induced contraction significantly. Cinanserin (0.1-3 μM), cyproheptadine (3-100 nM) and phenoxybenzamine (0.1-3 μM) inhibited the 5-HT-induced contraction, in a concentration-dependent manner, and each highest concentration abolished the response. However, none of these antagonists was specific for 5-HT, but the Nic (100 μM) or ACh (0.1 μM)-induced contractions were also inhibited by them. 7 The present results indicate that 5-HT contracts the muscularis mucosae of the guinea-pig oesophagus indirectly by stimulating cholinergic nerves in the submucous plexus, and has no direct action on the muscularis mucosae. In addition, the type of 5-HT receptors responsible for the stimulant action may be different from those in other parts of the gastrointestinal tract, blood vessels or brain, because of the different effects of 5-HT antagonists. PMID:6824809

High population variability and source-sink dynamics in a solitary bee species.

PubMed

Franzén, Markus; Nilsson, Sven G

2013-06-01

Although solitary bees are considered to play key roles in ecosystem functions, surprisingly few studies have explored their population dynamics. We investigated the population dynamics of a rare, declining, solitary bee (Andrena humilis) in a landscape of 80 km2 in southern Sweden from 2003 to 2011. Only one population was persistent throughout all years studied; most likely this population supplied the surrounding landscape with 11 smaller, temporary local populations. Despite stable pollen availability, the size of the persistent population fluctuated dramatically in a two-year cycle over the nine years, with 490-1230 nests in odd-numbered years and 21-48 nests in even-numbered years. These fluctuations were not significantly related to climatic variables or pollen availability. Nineteen colonization and 14 extinction events were recorded. Occupancy decreased with distance from the persistent population and increased with increasing resource (pollen) availability. There were significant positive correlations between the size of the persistent population and patch occupancy and colonization. Colonizations were generally more common in patches closer to the persistent population, whereas extinctions were independent of distance from the persistent population. Our results highlight the complex population dynamics that exist for this solitary bee species, which could be due to source-sink dynamics, a prolonged diapause, or can represent a bet-hedging strategy to avoid natural enemies and survive in small habitat patches. If large fluctuations in solitary bee populations prove to be widespread, it will have important implications for interpreting ecological relationships, bee conservation, and pollination.

Hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor of pectoralis major muscle mimicking a breast mass

PubMed Central

Dragoumis, Dimitrios; Desiris, Klearchos; Kyropoulou, Aikaterini; Malandri, Maria; Assimaki, Anthoula; Tsiftsoglou, Aris

2013-01-01

INTRODUCTION Hemangiopericytoma (HPC)/solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a very uncommon tumor of uncertain malignant behavior. In 1942, Stout and Murray first characterized these neoplasms as “vascular tumors arising from Zimmerman's pericytes” and till now hemangiopericytomas and solitary fibrous tumors of the soft tissues are regarded as features of the same entity in the soft tissue fascicle. PRESENTATION OF CASE We present a case of hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor of the pectoralis major muscle in a 33-year-old female. She first noticed a painless mass in her right breast. Ultrasound of the breast revealed a large heterogeneously hypoechoic lesion within the pectoralis major muscle. Fine needle aspiration of the tumor did not produce any meaningful result. The lesion was completely removed by surgical resection. Histologically, the tumor had staghorn-like vasculature and immunohistochemistry for CD34 was positive, whereas desmin, smooth-muscle actin, S-100 protein, cytokeratins (AE1/AE3) and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) were all negative. A diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor was rendered. DISCUSSION Tumors comprising the HPC/SFT spectrum represent a small subset of soft tissue sarcomas and are found virtually at any site in the body. Wide surgical resection can achieve favorable long-term survival. CONCLUSION Due to the rarity and unpredictable biological potential of these tumors, long-term follow-up is mandatory even after radical resection, because recurrence or development of metastasis may be delayed many years. PMID:23416503

Patterns and Rates of Supplementary Venous Drainage to the Internal Jugular Veins.

PubMed

Qureshi, Adnan I; Ishfaq, Muhammad Fawad; Herial, Nabeel A; Khan, Asif A; Suri, M Fareed K

2016-07-01

Several studies have found supplemental venous drainage channels in addition to bilateral internal jugular veins for cerebral venous efflux. We performed this study to characterize the supplemental venous outflow patterns in a consecutive series of patients undergoing detailed cerebral angiography with venous phase imaging. The venographic phase of the arteriogram was reviewed to identify and classify supplemental cerebral venous drainage into anterior (cavernous venous sinus draining into pterygoid plexus and retromandibular vein) and posterior drainage pattern. The posterior drainage pattern was further divided into plexiform pattern (with sigmoid venous sinus draining into the paravertebral venous plexus), and solitary vein pattern (dominant single draining deep cervical vein) drainage. The posterior plexiform pattern was further divided into 2 groups: posterior plexiform with or without prominent solitary vein. Supplemental venous drainage was seen ipsilateral to internal jugular vein in 76 (43.7%) of 174 venous drainages (87 patients) analyzed. The patterns were anterior (n = 23, 13.2%), posterior plexiform without prominent solitary vein (n = 40, 23%), posterior plexiform with prominent solitary vein (n = 62, 35.6%), and posterior solitary vein alone (n = 3, 1.7%); occipital emissary veins and/or transosseous veins were seen in 1 supplemental venous drainage. Concurrent ipsilateral anterior and posterior supplemental drainage was seen in 6 of 174 venous drainages analyzed. We provide an assessment of patterns and rates of supplementary venous drainage to internal jugular veins to improve our understanding of anatomical and physiological aspects of cerebral venous drainage. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Neuroimaging.

Progressive solitary sclerosis

PubMed Central

Kaufmann, Timothy J.; Weinshenker, Brian G.; Kantarci, Orhun H.; Schmalstieg, William F.; Paz Soldan, M. Mateo; Flanagan, Eoin P.

2016-01-01

Objective: To report patients with progressive motor impairment resulting from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion in cerebral, brainstem, or spinal cord white matter that we call progressive solitary sclerosis. Methods: Thirty patients were identified with (1) progressive motor impairment for over 1 year with a single radiologically identified CNS demyelinating lesion along corticospinal tracts, (2) absence of other demyelinating CNS lesions, and (3) no history of relapses affecting other CNS pathways. Twenty-five were followed prospectively in our multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic and 5 were identified retrospectively from our progressive MS database. Patients were excluded if an alternative etiology for progressive motor impairment was found. Multiple brain and spinal cord MRI were reviewed by a neuroradiologist blinded to the clinical details. Results: The patients' median age was 48.5 years (range 23–71) and 15 (50%) were women. The median follow-up from symptom onset was 100 months (range 15–343 months). All had insidiously progressive upper motor neuron weakness attributable to the solitary demyelinating lesion found on MRI. Clinical presentations were hemiparesis/monoparesis (n = 24), quadriparesis (n = 5), and paraparesis (n = 1). Solitary MRI lesions involved cervical spinal cord (n = 18), cervico-medullary/brainstem region (n = 6), thoracic spinal cord (n = 4), and subcortical white matter (n = 2). CSF abnormalities consistent with MS were found in 13 of 26 (50%). Demyelinating disease was confirmed pathologically in 2 (biopsy, 1; autopsy, 1). Conclusions: Progressive solitary sclerosis results from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion. Future revisions to MS diagnostic criteria could incorporate this presentation of demyelinating disease. PMID:27638926

Juvenile hormone levels reflect social opportunities in the facultatively eusocial sweat bee Megalopta genalis (Hymenoptera: Halictidae).

PubMed

Smith, Adam R; Kapheim, Karen M; Pérez-Ortega, Betzi; Brent, Colin S; Wcislo, William T

2013-01-01

The evolution of eusociality is hypothesized to have involved de-coupling parental care from reproduction mediated by changes in endocrine regulation. While data for obligately eusocial insects are consistent with this hypothesis, we lack information from species representative of the transition from solitary reproduction to eusociality. Here we report the first evidence for a link between endocrine processes and social behavior in a facultatively eusocial bee, Megalopta genalis (Halictidae). Using females that varied in social, reproductive, and ecological context, we measured juvenile hormone (JH), a major regulator of colony caste dynamics in other eusocial species. JH was low at adult emergence, but elevated after 10 days in all nesting females. Females reared in cages with ad lib nutrition, however, did not elevate JH levels after 10 days. All reproductive females had significantly more JH than all age-matched non-reproductive females, suggesting a gonadotropic function. Among females in established nests, JH was higher in queens than workers and solitary reproductives, suggesting a role for JH in social dominance. A lack of significant differences in JH between solitary reproductives and non-reproductive workers suggests that JH content reflects more than reproductive status. Our data support the hypothesis that endocrine modifications are involved in the evolutionary decoupling of reproductive and somatic effort in social insects. These are the first measurements of JH in a solitary-nesting hymenopteran, and the first to compare eusocial and solitary nesting individuals of the same species. Published by Elsevier Inc.

MicroRNA-276 promotes egg-hatching synchrony by up-regulating brm in locusts

PubMed Central

He, Jing; Chen, Qianquan; Wei, Yuanyuan; Jiang, Feng; Yang, Meiling; Hao, Shuguang; Guo, Xiaojiao; Chen, Dahua; Kang, Le

2016-01-01

Developmental synchrony, the basis of uniform swarming, migration, and sexual maturation, is an important strategy for social animals to adapt to variable environments. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying developmental synchrony are largely unexplored. The migratory locust exhibits polyphenism between gregarious and solitarious individuals, with the former displaying more synchronous sexual maturation and migration than the latter. Here, we found that the egg-hatching time of gregarious locusts was more uniform compared with solitarious locusts and that microRNA-276 (miR-276) was expressed significantly higher in both ovaries and eggs of gregarious locusts than in solitarious locusts. Interestingly, inhibiting miR-276 in gregarious females and overexpressing it in solitarious females, respectively, caused more heterochronic and synchronous hatching of progeny eggs. Moreover, miR-276 directly targeted a transcription coactivator gene, brahma (brm), resulting in its up-regulation. Knockdown of brm not only resulted in asynchronous egg hatching in gregarious locusts but also impaired the miR-276–induced synchronous egg hatching in solitarious locusts. Mechanistically, miR-276 mediated brm activation in a manner that depended on the secondary structure of brm, namely, a stem-loop around the binding site of miR-276. Collectively, our results unravel a mechanism by which miR-276 enhances brm expression to promote developmental synchrony and provide insight into regulation of developmental homeostasis and population sustaining that are closely related to biological synchrony. PMID:26729868

Is percutaneous nephrolithotomy in solitary kidneys safe?

PubMed

Wong, Kathie Alexina; Sahai, Arun; Patel, Amit; Thomas, Kay; Bultitude, Matthew; Glass, Jonathan

2013-11-01

To review our experience from a high volume stone center with a focus on efficacy, safety, and renal function. Stones requiring percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with solitary kidneys can pose significant anxiety to the urologist. Limited data are available in published reports in this setting. A comprehensive retrospective review of medical records was performed on patients who underwent PCNL and had a solitary kidney or a single functioning renal unit. Data were collected on patient demographics, stone burden, outcomes, complications, and renal function. Of 378 PCNLs performed between January 2003 and September 2011, 22 were performed in 17 patients with a single functioning kidney. Three procedures were performed in a transplanted kidney. In those with solitary calculus, the longest mean length and stone surface area were 37 mm and 825 mm(2), respectively. Stone-free rate was 59%. Auxiliary procedures were required in 6 cases, resulting in a stone-free rate of 77%. Median inpatient stay was 4 days. Serum creatinine values improved from 144 to 126 umol/L before and after the procedure and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate improved similarly from 51 to 59 mls/minute, respectively. Blood transfusion was required in 1 patient, sepsis developed in 3, and 2 patients required a stent for obstruction. PCNL in solitary kidneys is safe with an acceptable complication rate if performed in a high volume center. Outcomes are good, although auxiliary procedures may be necessary. Renal function remains stable or improves after procedure. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phase 2 study of stereotactic body radiotherapy and optional transarterial chemoembolization for solitary hepatocellular carcinoma not amenable to resection and radiofrequency ablation.

PubMed

Takeda, Atsuya; Sanuki, Naoko; Tsurugai, Yuichiro; Iwabuchi, Shogo; Matsunaga, Kotaro; Ebinuma, Hirotoshi; Imajo, Kento; Aoki, Yousuke; Saito, Hidetsugu; Kunieda, Etsuo

2016-07-01

Curative treatment options for patients with early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) include resection, liver transplantation, and percutaneous ablation therapy. However, even patients with solitary HCC are not always amenable to these treatments. The authors prospectively investigated the clinical outcomes of patients who received stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for solitary HCC. A phase 2 study involving SBRT and optional transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) was conducted in patients with Child-Pugh grade A or B and underlying, solitary HCC (greatest tumor dimension, ≤4 cm) who were unsuitable candidates for resection and radiofrequency ablation. The prescription dose was 35 to 40 grays in 5 fractions. The primary endpoint was 3-year local tumor control. From 2007 to 2012, 101 patients were enrolled, and 90 were evaluable with a median follow-up of 41.7 months (range, 6.8-96.2 months). Thirty-two patients were treatment-naïve, 20 were treated for newly diagnosed intrahepatic failure, and 38 were treated for residual or recurrent HCC as salvage therapy. Thirty-two patients did not receive TACE, 48 received insufficient TACE, and 10 attained full lipiodol accumulation. The 3-year local control rate was 96.3%, the 3-year liver-related cause-specific survival rate was 72.5%, and the overall survival rate was 66.7%. Grade 3 laboratory abnormalities were observed in 6 patients, and 8 patients had Child-Pugh scores that worsened by 2 points. SBRT achieved high local control and overall survival with feasible toxicities for patients with solitary HCC, despite rather stringent conditions. SBRT can be effective against solitary HCC in treatment-naive, intrahepatic failure, residual disease, and recurrent settings, taking advantage of its distinctive characteristics. Cancer 2016;122:2041-9. © 2016 American Cancer Society. © 2016 American Cancer Society.

The endangered Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae) in Israel: honey-bees, night-sheltering male bees and female solitary bees as pollinators

PubMed Central

Watts, Stella; Sapir, Yuval; Segal, Bosmat; Dafni, Amots

2013-01-01

Background and Aims The coastal plain of Israel hosts the last few remaining populations of the endemic Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae), a Red List species of high conservation priority. The flowers offer no nectar reward. Here the role of night-sheltering male solitary bees, honey-bees and female solitary bees as pollinators of I. atropurpurea is documented. Methods Breeding system, floral longevity, stigma receptivity, visitation rates, pollen loads, pollen deposition and removal and fruit- and seed-set were investigated. Key Results The main wild pollinators of this plant are male eucerine bees, and to a lesser extent, but with the potential to transfer pollen, female solitary bees. Honey-bees were found to be frequent diurnal visitors; they removed large quantities of pollen and were as effective as male sheltering bees at pollinating this species. The low density of pollen carried by male solitary bees was attributed to grooming activities, pollen displacement when bees aggregated together in flowers and pollen depletion by honey-bees. In the population free of honey-bee hives, male bees carried significantly more pollen grains on their bodies. Results from pollen analysis and pollen deposited on stigmas suggest that inadequate pollination may be an important factor limiting fruit-set. In the presence of honey-bees, eucerine bees were low removal–low deposition pollinators, whereas honey-bees were high removal–low deposition pollinators, because they removed large amounts into corbiculae and deposited relatively little onto receptive stigmas. Conclusions Even though overall, both bee taxa were equally effective pollinators, we suggest that honey-bees have the potential to reduce the amount of pollen available for plant reproduction, and to reduce the amount of resources available to solitary bee communities. The results of this study have potential implications for the conservation of this highly endangered plant species if hives are permitted inside reserves, where the bulk of Oncocyclus iris species are protected. PMID:23275630

Non-linear solitary sound waves in lipid membranes and their possible role in biological signaling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shrivastava, Shamit

Biological macromolecules self-assemble under entropic forces to form a dynamic 2D interfacial medium where the elastic properties arise from the curvature of the entropic potential of the interface. Elastic interfaces should be capable of propagating localized perturbations analogous to sound waves. However, (1) the existence and (2) the possible role of such waves in affecting biological functions remain unexplored. Both these aspects of "sound" as a signaling mechanism in biology are explored experimentally on mixed monolayers of lipids-fluorophores-proteins at the air/water interface as a model biological interface. This study shows - for the first time - that the nonlinear susceptibility near a thermodynamic transition in a lipid monolayer results in nonlinear solitary sound waves that are of 'all or none' nature. The state dependence of the nonlinear propagation is characterized by studying the velocity-amplitude relationship and results on distance dependence, effect of geometry and collision of solitary waves are presented. Given that the lipid bilayers and real biological membranes have such nonlinearities in their susceptibility diagrams, similar solitary phenomenon should be expected in biological membranes. In fact the observed characteristics of solitary sound waves such as, their all or none nature, a biphasic pulse shape with a long tail and optp-mechano-electro-thermal coupling etc. are strikingly similar to the phenomenon of nerve pulse propagation as observed in single nerve fibers. Finally given the strong correlation between the activity of membrane bound enzymes and the susceptibility and the fact that the later varies within a single solitary pulse, a new thermodynamic basis for biological signaling is proposed. The state of the interface controls both the nature of sound propagation and its impact on incorporated enzymes and proteins. The proof of concept is demonstrated for acetylcholine esterase embedded in a lipid monolayer, where the enzyme is spatiotemporally "knocked out" by a propagating sound wave.

Operation and Chemotherapy: Prognostic Factors for Lung Cancer With One Synchronous Metastasis.

PubMed

Toffart, Anne-Claire; Duruisseaux, Michaël; Brichon, Pierre-Yves; Pirvu, Augustin; Villa, Julie; Selek, Laurent; Guillem, Pascale; Dumas, Isabelle; Ferrer, Léonie; Levra, Matteo Giaj; Moro-Sibilot, Denis

2018-03-01

Stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is considered incurable; however, some patients with only few metastases may benefit from treatment with a curative intent. We aimed to identify the prognostic factors for stage IV NSCLC with synchronous solitary M1. A database constructed from our weekly multidisciplinary thoracic oncology meetings was retrospectively screened from 1993 to 2012. Consecutive patients with NSCLC stages I to IV were included. Of the 6,760 patients found, 4,832 patients were studied. Among the 1,592 patients (33%) with stage IV NSCLC, 109 (7%) had a synchronous solitary M1. Metastasis involved the brain in 64% of patients. Median overall survival was significantly longer in synchronous solitary M1 than in other stage IV (18.9 months, interquartile range [IQR]: 9.9 to 34.6 months versus 6.1 months, IQR: 2.3 to 13.7 months], respectively, p < 10 -4 ). Among patients with synchronous solitary M1, 90 (83%) received a local treatment with curative intent at the primary and metastatic sites. Factors independently associated with survival were age older than 63 years (hazard ratio [HR] 1.63, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01 to 2.63), Performance status of 3 or 4 (HR 7.91, 95% CI: 2.23 to 28.03), use of chemotherapy (HR 0.38, 95% CI: 0.23 to 0.64), and operation conducted at both sites (HR 0.35, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.65). Synchronous solitary M1 treated with chemotherapy and operation at both sites resulted in better survival. Survival of NSCLC with synchronous solitary M1 was more similar to stage III than other stage IV NSCLCs. The eighth TNM classification takes this into account by distinguishing between stages M1b and M1c. Copyright © 2018 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Oocyte size, egg index, and body lipid content in relation to body size in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata.

PubMed

O'Neill, Kevin M; Delphia, Casey M; O'Neill, Ruth P

2014-01-01

Females of solitary, nest-provisioning bees have relatively low fecundity, but produce large eggs as part of their overall strategy of investing substantially in each offspring. In intraspecific comparisons of several species of solitary, nest-provisioning bees and wasps, the size of the mature eggs produced increases with female body size. We further examined oocyte size-body size correlations in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata (F.), an important crop pollinator. We hypothesized that larger females carry larger basal oocytes (i.e., those next in line to be oviposited) but that body size-oocyte size correlations would be absent soon after emergence, before their first eggs fully matured. Because egg production is likely affected by the quantity of stored lipids carried over from the bees' immature stages, we also tested the hypothesis that female body size is correlated with the body lipid content at adult emergence, the time during which oocyte growth accelerates. We found significant correlations of body size with oocyte size variables chosen to reflect: (1) the magnitude of the investment in the next egg to be laid (i.e., the length and volume of the basal oocyte) and (2) the longer term potential to produce mature oocytes (i.e., the summed lengths and volumes of the three largest oocytes in each female). Positive correlations existed throughout the nesting season, even during the first week following adult emergence. The ability to produce and carry larger oocytes may be linked to larger females starting the nesting season with greater lipid stores (which we document here) or to greater space within the abdomen of larger females. Compared to other species of solitary bees, M. rotundata appears to have (1) smaller oocytes than solitary nest-provisioning bees in general, (2) comparable oocyte sizes relative to congeners, and (3) larger oocytes than related brood parasitic megachilids.

The endangered Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae) in Israel: honey-bees, night-sheltering male bees and female solitary bees as pollinators.

PubMed

Watts, Stella; Sapir, Yuval; Segal, Bosmat; Dafni, Amots

2013-03-01

The coastal plain of Israel hosts the last few remaining populations of the endemic Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae), a Red List species of high conservation priority. The flowers offer no nectar reward. Here the role of night-sheltering male solitary bees, honey-bees and female solitary bees as pollinators of I. atropurpurea is documented. Breeding system, floral longevity, stigma receptivity, visitation rates, pollen loads, pollen deposition and removal and fruit- and seed-set were investigated. The main wild pollinators of this plant are male eucerine bees, and to a lesser extent, but with the potential to transfer pollen, female solitary bees. Honey-bees were found to be frequent diurnal visitors; they removed large quantities of pollen and were as effective as male sheltering bees at pollinating this species. The low density of pollen carried by male solitary bees was attributed to grooming activities, pollen displacement when bees aggregated together in flowers and pollen depletion by honey-bees. In the population free of honey-bee hives, male bees carried significantly more pollen grains on their bodies. Results from pollen analysis and pollen deposited on stigmas suggest that inadequate pollination may be an important factor limiting fruit-set. In the presence of honey-bees, eucerine bees were low removal-low deposition pollinators, whereas honey-bees were high removal-low deposition pollinators, because they removed large amounts into corbiculae and deposited relatively little onto receptive stigmas. Even though overall, both bee taxa were equally effective pollinators, we suggest that honey-bees have the potential to reduce the amount of pollen available for plant reproduction, and to reduce the amount of resources available to solitary bee communities. The results of this study have potential implications for the conservation of this highly endangered plant species if hives are permitted inside reserves, where the bulk of Oncocyclus iris species are protected.

Clinical Experience With Radiation Therapy in the Management of Neurofibromatosis-Associated Central Nervous System Tumors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wentworth, Stacy; Pinn, Melva; Bourland, J. Daniel

Purpose: Patients with neurofibromatosis (NF) develop tumors of the central nervous system (CNS). Radiation therapy (RT) is used to treat these lesions. To better define the efficacy of RT in these patients, we reviewed our 20-year experience. Methods and Materials: Eighteen patients with NF with CNS tumors were treated from 1986 to 2007. Median follow-up was 48 months. Progression was defined as growth or recurrence of an irradiated tumor on serial imaging. Progression-free survival (PFS) was measured from the date of RT completion to the date of last follow-up imaging study. Actuarial rates of overall survival (OS) and PFS weremore » calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: Eighty-two tumors in 18 patients were irradiated, with an average of five tumors/patient. Median age at treatment was 25 years (range, 4.3-64 years). Tumor types included acoustic neuroma (16%), ependymoma (6%), low-grade glioma (11%), meningioma (60%), and schwanomma/neurofibroma (7%). The most common indication for treatment was growth on serial imaging. Most patients (67%) received stereotactic radiosurgery (median dose, 1,200 cGy; range, 1,000-2,400 cGy). The OS rate at 5 years was 94%. Five-year PFS rates were 75% (acoustic neuroma), 100% (ependymoma), 75% (low-grade glioma), 86% (meningioma), and 100% (schwanomma/neurofibroma). Thirteen acoustic neuromas had a local control rate of 94% with a 50% hearing preservation rate. Conclusions: RT provided local control, OS, and PFS rates similar to or better than published data for tumors in non-NF patients. Radiation therapy should be considered in NF patients with imaging progression of CNS tumors.« less

Using a qualitative approach to conceptualize concerns of patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 associated plexiform neurofibromas (pNF) across the lifespan.

PubMed

Lai, Jin-Shei; Jensen, Sally E; Patel, Zabin S; Listernick, Robert; Charrow, Joel

2017-01-01

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) plexiform neurofibromas (pNFs) are associated with a variety of symptoms and concerns that affect patients' quality of life (QOL), highlighting the value of incorporating the patients' perspective when evaluating treatment outcomes. To better conceptualize the experience of patients with pNFs, this qualitative study sought to identify the most important outcomes to assess from the perspective of patients, families, and clinicians. Clinicians, patients age 5 years old and above, and parents of patients aged 5-17 years participated in semi-structured interviews to elicit the pNF symptoms/concerns considered most important to assess. The data were analyzed using an iterative coding procedure and the frequency with which symptoms/concerns emerged was tabulated. Eight clinicians, 31 patients, and 17 parents of patients participated in semi-structured interviews. The most frequently reported concerns raised by patients across all age groups included pain, appearance/disfigurement, social activity/role participation, stigma, and anxiety. For parents, physical functioning was the primary concern, followed by pain, social activity/role participation, appearance/disfigurement, and social relationships. The resulting conceptual framework included five domains to represent the most important identified symptoms/concerns: pain, social functioning, physical function impact, stigma, and emotional distress. This conceptual framework describing the symptoms/concerns of patients with pNF can help investigators create a measurement system to improve assessment of aspects of QOL only patients can report on. It may also provide the ability to identify symptoms/concerns that might warrant referrals to various clinical disciplines. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Development of 3D culture models of plexiform neurofibroma and initial application for phenotypic characterization and drug screening.

PubMed

Kraniak, Janice M; Chalasani, Anita; Wallace, Margaret R; Mattingly, Raymond R

2018-01-01

Plexiform neurofibromas (PNs), which may be present at birth in up to half of children with type 1 neurofibromatosis (NF1), can cause serious loss of function, such as quadriparesis, and can undergo malignant transformation. Surgery is the first line treatment although the invasive nature of these tumors often prevents complete resection. Recent clinical trials have shown promising success for some drugs, notably selumetinib, an inhibitor of MAP kinase kinase (MEK). We have developed three-dimensional (3D) cell culture models of immortalized cells from NF1 PNs and of control Schwann cells (SCs) that we believe mimic more closely the in vivo condition than conventional two-dimensional (2D) cell culture. Our goal is to facilitate pre-clinical identification of potential targeted therapeutics for these tumors. Three drugs, selumetinib (a MEK inhibitor), picropodophyllin (an IGF-1R inhibitor) and LDN-193189 (a BMP2 inhibitor) were tested with dose-response design in both 2D and 3D cultures for their abilities to block net cell growth. Cell lines grown in 3D conditions showed varying degrees of resistance to the inhibitory actions of all three drugs. For example, control SCs became resistant to growth inhibition by selumetinib in 3D culture. LDN-193189 was the most effective drug in 3D cultures, with only slightly reduced potency compared to the 2D cultures. Characterization of these models also demonstrated increased proteolysis of collagen IV in the matrix by the PN driver cells as compared to wild-type SCs. The proteolytic capacity of the PN cells in the model may be a clinically significant property that can be used for testing the ability of drugs to inhibit their invasive phenotype. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Doxycycline potentiates antitumor effect of 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy in malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor cells.

PubMed

Lee, Ming-Jen; Hung, Shih-Hsuan; Huang, Mu-Ching; Tsai, Tsuimin; Chen, Chin-Tin

2017-01-01

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is one of the most common neurocutaneous disorders. Some NF1 patients develop benign large plexiform neurofibroma(s) at birth, which can then transform into a malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST). There is no curative treatment for this rapidly progressive and easily metastatic neurofibrosarcoma. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been developed as an anti-cancer treatment, and 5-aminolevulinic (ALA) mediated PDT (ALA-PDT) has been used to treat cutaneous skin and oral neoplasms. Doxycycline, a tetracycline derivative, can substantially reduce the tumor burden in human and animal models, in addition to its antimicrobial effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect and to investigate the mechanism of action of combined doxycycline and ALA-PDT treatment of MPNST cells. An 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay showed that the combination of ALA-PDT and doxycycline significantly reduce MPNST survival rate, compared to cells treated with each therapy alone. Isobologram analysis showed that the combined treatment had a synergistic effect. The increased cytotoxic activity could be seen by an increase in cellular protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) accumulation. Furthermore, we found that the higher retention of PpIX was mainly due to increasing ALA uptake, rather than activity changes of the enzymes porphobilinogen deaminase and ferrochelatase. The combined treatment inhibited tumor growth in different tumor cell lines, but not in normal human Schwann cells or fibroblasts. Similarly, a synergistic interaction was also found in cells treated with ALA-PDT combined with minocycline, but not tetracycline. In summary, doxycycline can potentiate the effect of ALA-PDT to kill tumor cells. This increased potency allows for a dose reduction of doxycycline and photodynamic radiation, reducing the occurrence of toxic side effects in vivo.

Café-au-lait Macules and Neurofibromatosis Type 1: A Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Bernier, Anne; Larbrisseau, Albert; Perreault, Sebastien

2016-07-01

The first sign of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in a child is often the presence of multiple café-au-lait macules. Although previous studies reported that almost individuals with multiple café-au-lait macules will eventually develop NF1 based on clinical criteria, recent studies and clinical observations suggest that a significant percentage of them do not have NF1. We conducted the first systematic review of the literature on the prevalence of definitive NF1 among patients referred for isolated café-au-lait macules, searching more precisely for the proportion of those patients who do not have NF1. Because we now know that the presence of café-au-lait macules and freckling might not distinguish between NF1 and other conditions such as Legius syndrome, definitive NF1 was defined as the presence of café-au-lait macules with or without freckling plus one of the following: Lisch nodules, neurofibroma, plexiform neurofibroma, bone dysplasia, optic pathway glioma, or familial history of NF1. Six articles reported sufficient data to meet our inclusion criteria. Grouping all studies together, we found that 19.5% to 57.1% of all patients with isolated café-au-lait macules did not have a diagnosis of NF1 after follow-up or genetic testing. A significant portion of the patients presenting with isolated café-au-lait macules at initial consultation might not have NF1. Genetic testing could help guide the follow-up of those patients, but further evidence is required to make recommendations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phase II trial of pirfenidone in children and young adults with neurofibromatosis type 1 and progressive plexiform neurofibromas.

PubMed

Widemann, Brigitte C; Babovic-Vuksanovic, Dusica; Dombi, Eva; Wolters, Pamela L; Goldman, Stewart; Martin, Staci; Goodwin, Anne; Goodspeed, Wendy; Kieran, Mark W; Cohen, Bruce; Blaney, Susan M; King, Allison; Solomon, Jeffrey; Patronas, Nicholas; Balis, Frank M; Fox, Elizabeth; Steinberg, Seth M; Packer, Roger J

2014-09-01

Pirfenidone, an oral anti-inflammatory, antifibrotic agent with activity in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, may mediate anti-tumor activity in neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) and plexiform neurofibromas (PN) by inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and collagen synthesis. The primary objective of this open label, single arm phase II trial was to evaluate the activity of pirfenidone in children and young adults with inoperable PN. Patients (3-21 years) with NF1-related progressive PN received pirfenidone at the previously determined optimal dose (500 mg/m(2) orally, q8h) on a continuous dosing schedule (one cycle = 28 days). Volumetric MRI analysis was used to assess response. Progression was defined as ≥ 20% PN volume increase compared to baseline. Pirfenidone would be considered active if it doubled the median time to progression (TTP) compared to the TTP on the placebo arm of a phase II trial with the farnesyltransferase inhibitor tipifarnib, which used near identical eligibility criteria. Toxicities, objective response rate, and quality of life (QOL) also were evaluated. Thirty-six patients were enrolled and tolerated pirfenidone well with intermittent nausea and vomiting as the most frequent toxicities. A dose reduction was required in only three patients. The median TTP for pirfenidone was 13.2 months compared to 10.6 months for the placebo control group from the tipifarnib trial (two-tailed P = 0.92; one-tailed P = 0.46). No objective responses were observed. Pirfenidone was well tolerated, but did not demonstrate activity as defined in this trial and does not warrant further evaluation in children with NF1 and progressive PN. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Evaluation of tibial osteopathy occurrence in neurofibromatosis type 1 Italian patients.

PubMed

Morcaldi, Guido; Clementi, Maurizio; Lama, Giuliana; Gabrielli, Orazio; Vannelli, Silvia; Virdis, Raffaele; Vivarelli, Rossella; Boero, Silvio; Bonioli, Eugenio

2013-05-01

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant disorder characterized by high penetrance, widely variable expressivity and occurrence of specific skeletal changes such as tibial osteopathy (TO). We collected data on patients referred to the Italian Neurofibromatosis Study Group in order to compare clinical features between 49 NF1 patients with TO, and 98 age-matched NF1 patients without TO, and to determine whether the presence of TO is associated with a different risk of developing the typical NF1 complications. We assessed both groups for: age at diagnosis of NF1, gender distribution, family history, gender inheritance, presence of scoliosis, sphenoid wing osteopathy, other skeletal abnormalities, macrocrania, hydrocephalus, plexiform neurofibromas, tumors, optic pathway gliomas, T2H (high-signal intensity areas on T2 weighted brain MRI), epilepsy, headache, mental retardation, cardiovascular malformations, and Noonan phenotype. Patients of both groups were subdivided by gender and re-evaluated for these items. Statistical comparison was carried out between the two groups of patients for each feature. We collected data on type of treatment and on the clinical conditions of NF1-TO patients after follow-up. Patient's age at NF1 diagnosis was significantly younger in NF1-TO subjects compared with NF1 subjects without TO, and the incidence of T2H was significantly reduced in NF1-TO males compared with NF1 males without TO. The presence of TO does not imply that there is an increased risk of developing typical complications of NF1 (e.g., optic pathway glioma, plexiform neurofibroma, etc.), however, it does allow us to make an earlier diagnosis of NF1. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ras-Driven Transcriptome Analysis Identifies Aurora Kinase A as a Potential Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumor Therapeutic Target

PubMed Central

Patel, Ami V.; Eaves, David; Jessen, Walter J.; Rizvi, Tilat A.; Ecsedy, Jeffrey A.; Qian, Mark G.; Aronow, Bruce J.; Perentesis, John P.; Serra, Eduard; Cripe, Timothy P.; Miller, Shyra J.; Ratner, Nancy

2013-01-01

Purpose Patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) develop malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNST) which are often inoperable and do not respond well to current chemotherapies or radiation. The goal of this study was to utilize comprehensive gene expression analysis to identify novel therapeutic targets. Experimental Design Nerve Schwann cells and/or their precursors are the tumorigenic cell types in MPNST due to the loss of the NF1 gene, which encodes the RasGAP protein neurofibromin. Therefore, we created a transgenic mouse model, CNP-HRas12V, expressing constitutively-active HRas in Schwann cells and defined a Ras-induced gene expression signature to drive a Bayesian factor regression model analysis of differentially expressed genes in mouse and human neurofibromas and MPNSTs. We tested functional significance of Aurora kinase over-expression in MPNST in vitro and in vivo using Aurora kinase shRNAs and compounds that inhibit Aurora kinase. Results We identified 2000 genes with probability of linkage to nerve Ras signaling of which 339 were significantly differentially expressed in mouse and human NF1-related tumor samples relative to normal nerves, including Aurora kinase A (AURKA). AURKA was dramatically over-expressed and genomically amplified in MPNSTs but not neurofibromas. Aurora kinase shRNAs and Aurora kinase inhibitors blocked MPNST cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, an AURKA selective inhibitor, MLN8237, stabilized tumor volume and significantly increased survival of mice with MPNST xenografts. Conclusion Integrative cross-species transcriptome analyses combined with preclinical testing has provided an effective method for identifying candidates for molecular-targeted therapeutics. Blocking Aurora kinases may be a viable treatment platform for MPNST. PMID:22811580

Social tolerance in not-so-social pumas.

PubMed

Vonk, Jennifer

2018-06-01

Elbroch, Levy, Lubell, Quigley, and Caragiulo (2017, Science Advances, 3, e170218) used GPS and motion-activated camera technology to track and rate the interactions between solitary wild pumas. They found that tolerance at feeding sites was not predicted by kinship but, rather, indicated the ability to engage in direct reciprocity, challenging previous assumptions about social cognition in solitary species.

Investigations of fungicide exposure and pollen type on bee health: Insights from in vitro-reared solitary bees

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Although solitary bees provide crucial pollination services for wild and managed crops, this species-rich group has been largely overlooked in pesticide regulation studies. The risk of exposure to fungicide residues is likely to be especially high if the spray occurs on, or near host plants while th...

Timing and size of the daily pollen meals eaten by adult females of a solitary bee (Nomia melanderi)(Apiformes: Halictidae)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Solitary bees daily provision nest cells with pollen and nectar for their progeny, but little is known of their own eating habits for self-maintenance. The alimentary canals of nesting female alkali bees (Nomia melanderi) were dissected daily at different hours and days throughout their nesting live...

Executive Control at an Early Age: Advance Planning in Solitary Play.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Besevegis, Elias; Neimark, Edith D.

Questions concerning the ontogeny of the planning process and its role in the regulation of behavior have been markedly absent from the literature. The present study examines the planning done during solitary play by middle-class children from four public nursery schools in Athens, Greece. One hundred preschool children in five age groups (42, 48,…

New solitary wave solutions of the time-fractional Cahn-Allen equation via the improved (G'/G)-expansion method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batool, Fiza; Akram, Ghazala

2018-05-01

An improved (G'/G)-expansion method is proposed for extracting more general solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear fractional Cahn-Allen equation. The temporal fractional derivative is taken in the sense of Jumarie's fractional derivative. The results of this article are generalized and extended version of previously reported solutions.

Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves in Dusty Plasma with Trapped Electrons Having Different Temperature Nonthermal Ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deka, Manoj Kr.

2016-12-01

In this report, a detailed investigation on the study of dust acoustics solitary waves solution with negatively dust charge fluctuation in dusty plasma corresponding to lower and higher temperature nonthermal ions with trapped electrons is presented. We consider temporal variation of dust charge as a source of dissipation term to derive the lower order modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation by using the reductive perturbation technique. Solitary wave solution is obtained with the help of sech method in presence of trapped electrons and low (and high) temperature nonthermal ions. Both nonthermality of ions and trapped state of the electrons are found to have an imperative control on the nonlinear coefficient, dissipative coefficient as well as height of the wave potential.

Nonplanar ion acoustic waves with kappa-distributed electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sahu, Biswajit

2011-06-15

Using the standard reductive perturbation technique, nonlinear cylindrical and spherical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equations are derived for the propagation of ion acoustic solitary waves in an unmagnetized collisionless plasma with kappa distributed electrons and warm ions. The influence of kappa-distributed electrons and the effects caused by the transverse perturbation on cylindrical and spherical ion acoustic waves (IAWs) are investigated. It is observed that increase in the kappa distributed electrons (i.e., decreasing {kappa}) decreases the amplitude of the solitary electrostatic potential structures. The numerical results are presented to understand the formation of ion acoustic solitary waves with kappa-distributed electrons in nonplanar geometry. Themore » present investigation may have relevance in the study of propagation of IAWs in space and laboratory plasmas.« less

Reappraisal of criticality for two-layer flows and its role in the generation of internal solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bridges, Thomas J.; Donaldson, Neil M.

2007-07-01

A geometric view of criticality for two-layer flows is presented. Uniform flows are classified by diagrams in the momentum-massflux space for fixed Bernoulli energy, and cuspoidal curves on these diagrams correspond to critical uniform flows. Restriction of these surfaces to critical flow leads to new subsurfaces in energy-massflux space. While the connection between criticality and the generation of solitary waves is well known, we find that the nonlinear properties of these bifurcating solitary waves are also determined by the properties of the criticality surfaces. To be specific, the case of two layers with a rigid lid is considered, and application of the theory to other multilayer flows is sketched.

Characteristics of the solitary waves and rogue waves with interaction phenomena in a (2 + 1)-dimensional Breaking Soliton equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hossen, Md. Belal; Roshid, Harun-Or; Ali, M. Zulfikar

2018-05-01

Under inquisition in this paper is a (2 + 1)-dimensional Breaking Soliton equation, which can describe various nonlinear scenarios in fluid dynamics. Using the Bell polynomials, some proficient auxiliary functions are offered to apparently construct its bilinear form and corresponding soliton solutions which are different from the previous literatures. Moreover, a direct method is used to construct its rogue wave and solitary wave solutions using particular auxiliary function with the assist of bilinear formalism. Finally, the interactions between solitary waves and rogue waves are offered with a complete derivation. These results enhance the variety of the dynamics of higher dimensional nonlinear wave fields related to mathematical physics and engineering.

Spatial Dynamics Methods for Solitary Waves on a Ferrofluid Jet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groves, M. D.; Nilsson, D. V.

2018-04-01

This paper presents existence theories for several families of axisymmetric solitary waves on the surface of an otherwise cylindrical ferrofluid jet surrounding a stationary metal rod. The ferrofluid, which is governed by a general (nonlinear) magnetisation law, is subject to an azimuthal magnetic field generated by an electric current flowing along the rod. The ferrohydrodynamic problem for axisymmetric travelling waves is formulated as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system in which the axial direction is the time-like variable. A centre-manifold reduction technique is employed to reduce the system to a locally equivalent Hamiltonian system with a finite number of degrees of freedom, and homoclinic solutions to the reduced system, which correspond to solitary waves, are detected by dynamical-systems methods.

Immunohistochemical analysis of tenascin expression in different grades of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Tak, Jalaj; Rao, Nirmala N; Chandra, Akhilesh; Gupta, Neha

2015-01-01

Tenascin, a glycoprotein, is one of the major constituents of extracellular matrix, which may function in organizing the stroma in normal and pathological conditions. The study aimed to correlate the structural organization of tenascin with the pathological progression of disease from early, moderate and advanced changes in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). A retrospective cross-sectional immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of OSMF cases was performed. Total 70 slide samples were prepared for the study from 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with 10 each from histologically proven and graded as early, moderate and advanced OSMF and 5 of normal oral mucosa. The IHC sections were analyzed for the intensity and pattern of tenascin expression at the junction of epithelium and connective tissue (ECJ) and deeper connective tissue (CT), as well as presence or absence of staining around inflammatory cells, fibroblast and endothelial cells using anti-human tenascin. Most of the OSMF cases showed retention of antigen at ECJ and in deeper CT. Its expression varied in different grades as well as around inflammatory cells, fibroblast and endothelial cells in same tissue section. Highly significant P values of 0.001 and 0.003 were obtained for tenascin intensity and pattern, respectively, at ECJ in different OSMF grades. In addition, for the expression of tenascin pattern in deeper CT among different OSMF grades, a significant P value of 0.018 was obtained. A differential expression of tenascin was observed with the progression of disease. The expression of tenascin as bright and continuous deposition at ECJ in early and moderate stages of OSMF signifies either proliferative organization within the overlying epithelium or an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. However, a weak immunoreactivity of tenascin at ECJ was observed in advanced stage of OSMF.

Estimation of copper in saliva and areca nut products and its correlation with histological grades of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Mohammed, Faraz; Manohar, Vidya; Jose, Maji; Thapasum, Arishiya Fairozekhan; Mohamed, Shamaz; Shamaz, Bibi Halima; D'Souza, Neevan

2015-03-01

The purpose of this study was to estimate the copper levels in saliva of patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) and different areca nut products and its correlation with different histological grades of OSF. The study comprised 60 individuals, 30 OSF patients and 30 non-OSF individuals. Unstimulated whole saliva was collected, and copper analysis was performed using colorimetric method. The commercial areca nut products used by the patients were acquired and subjected to copper analysis through the atomic absorption spectrophotometer method. Oral biopsies were performed for OSF patients for histopathological correlation. The mean salivary copper level was 27.023 μg/dl in OSF patients when compared with 8.393 μg/dl in non-OSF individuals (P < 0.005). The mean copper content in different areca nut products was 13.313 ppm (P < 0.005). Comparison of copper content in different areca nut products with salivary copper levels of OSF patients showed negative correlation (P < 0.853). Comparison of salivary copper levels between different histological grades of OSF yielded a statistically significant association between grades I and III (P < 0.005) and grades II and III OSF (P < 0.019). Comparison of copper content in areca nut products and different histological grades of OSF yielded weak negative statistical correlation (r = -0.116). Despite high copper content in areca nut products, the observations yielded a negative correlation with different histological grades of OSF. This further raises a doubt about the copper content in areca nut as an etiological factor for this crippling disease. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Clinicobiochemical evaluation of turmeric with black pepper and nigella sativa in management of oral submucous fibrosis-a double-blind, randomized preliminary study.

PubMed

Pipalia, Pratik R; Annigeri, Rajeshwari G; Mehta, Ranjeeta

2016-12-01

To investigate the effectiveness of turmeric with black pepper and nigella sativa in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Forty OSMF patients were randomly divided into two groups. The study was performed under a double-blind, randomized design. Group A received turmeric with black pepper and group B received nigella sativa for 3 months. Clinical evaluation was done every 15 days. Patients' serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were assessed before and after treatment and also compared with healthy controls. The response to treatment was analyzed using analysis of variance, paired t test, and unpaired t test. After the treatment, groups A and B showed 3.85 ± 0.22 mm and 3.6 ± 0.07 mm improvement in mouth opening, respectively (P < .01); 87.90% and 78.91% reduction in burning sensation, respectively (P < .01); and +0.62 U/mL and +0.74 U/mL improvement in serum SOD levels, respectively (P < .05). The maximum mouth opening achieved was 8 mm in group A and 7 mm in group B. The mean pretreatment SOD level for controls and patients was 3.61 ± 0.24 U/mL in group A and 2.63 ± 0.18 U/mL in group B. Turmeric with black pepper and nigella sativa improved mouth opening, burning sensation, and SOD levels in the present OSMF study patients; however, further investigations are needed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tryptase potentiates enteric nerve activation by histamine and serotonin: Relevance for the effects of mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients.

PubMed

Ostertag, D; Annahazi, A; Krueger, D; Michel, K; Demir, I E; Ceyhan, G O; Zeller, F; Schemann, M

2017-09-01

We previously showed that mucosal biopsy supernatants from irritable bowel syndrome patients activated neurons despite low concentrations of tryptase, histamine, and serotonin which individually would not cause spike discharge. We studied the potentiating responses between these mediators on excitability of enteric neurons. Calcium-imaging was performed using the calcium-sensitive dye Fluo-4 AM in human submucous plexus preparations from 45 individuals. Histamine, serotonin, and tryptase were applied alone and in combinations to evaluate nerve activation which was assessed by analyzing increase in intracellular Ca 2+ ([Ca 2+ ] i ), the proportion of responding neurons and the product of both defined as Ca-neuroindex (NI). Protease activated receptor (PAR) 2 activating peptide, PAR2 antagonist and the serine protease-inhibitor FUT-175 were used to particularly investigate the role of proteases. Histamine or serotonin (1 μmol/L each) evoked only few small responses (median NI [25%/75%]: 0 [0/148]; 85 [0/705] respectively). Their combined application evoked statistically similar responses (216 [21/651]). Addition of the PAR2 activator tryptase induced a significantly higher Ca-NI (1401 [867/4075]) compared to individual application of tryptase or to coapplied histamine and serotonin. This synergistic potentiation was neither mimicked by PAR2 activating peptide nor reversed by the PAR2 antagonist GB83, but abolished by FUT-175. We observed synergistic potentiation between histamine, serotonin, and tryptase in enteric neurons, which is mediated by proteolytic activity rather than PAR2 activation. This explained neuronal activation by a cocktail of these mediators despite their low concentrations and despite a relatively small PAR2-mediated response in human submucous neurons. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Comparative evaluation of serum and salivary immunoglobulin G and A levels with total serum protein in oral submucous fibrosis patients: A case control study.

PubMed

Kandasamy, M; Jaisanghar, N; Austin, Ravi David; Srivastava, Kumar Chandan; Anusuya, G Sai; Anisa, N

2016-10-01

The objective of this study is to estimate and compare the serum and salivary immunoglobulin G and A (IgG, IgA) levels in various stages of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) patients and relate it to total serum protein (TSP) and hemoglobin (Hb) levels. The sample for the present study comprised a total of 20 healthy controls, 20 OSMF patients. About 5 ml of blood and 2 ml of saliva were collected. Quantitative analysis of serum and salivary IgG, IgA was done by turbidometric immunoassay. TSP and Hb were estimated by Biuret and cyanmethemoglobin methods, respectively. Serum and salivary IgA and IgG levels were statistically significantly increased ( P < 0.001) in OSMF patients when compared to controls. Also serum and salivary IgG and IgA levels showed significantly increased ( P < 0.01) in all the three staging of OSMF when compared to control group. Hb levels and TSP levels were significantly decreased ( P < 0.001) in OSMF patients when compared to controls. One-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and unpaired t -test were used for statistical analysis. The elevated levels of IgG and IgA are also in favor of polygammapathy, which are nonspecific and nondiagnostic objective reflections of an underlying disease. Decreased TSP is a result of host response and Hb, acts as an indicator of nutritional status plays an important role. It is also observed from the present study that the severity of OSMF was directly proportional to the estimated elevated levels of the major IgG and IgA. A need is also felt for the knowledge of immunoprofile estimation in etiology and pathogenesis that would prove a great asset in the proper assessment of this condition.

Teratogenic effect of calcium edetate (CaEDTA) in rats and the protective effect of zinc.

PubMed

Brownie, C F; Brownie, C; Noden, D; Krook, L; Haluska, M; Aronson, A L

1986-03-15

The calcium chelate of EDTA (CaEDTA) currently is the drug of choice in the treatment of lead intoxication. This study investigated the teratogenic potential of CaEDTA, administered parenterally during periods of organogenesis and determined if incorporating zinc into EDTA would protect against teratogenic effects. Four doses (2, 4, 6, and 8 mmol/m2/day) of CaEDTA, two concentrations (8 and 20 mmol/m2/day) of ZnEDTA and ZnCaEDTA (molar ratio 0.5:0.5:1) were used, and a saline control (0.9% NaCl). Timed-pregnant Long-Evans rats were assigned at random to the treatment groups, 20 per dose for each chelate and 30 to the saline control. Rats were injected with the chelate or saline solution sc, twice daily during the 11th through 15th days of gestation. Pups removed by cesarean section on the 21st day were processed for osseous and visceral examination. Additional animals per treatment group were used for maternal plasma and liver and fetal zinc determinations. Results showed increases in several abnormalities (submucous cleft, cleft palate, adactyly-syndactyly, curly tail, abnormal rib and vertebrae) with increasing amounts of CaEDTA. No malformations were seen with ZnEDTA at either dose or with ZnCaEDTA at 8 mmol/m2/day. However, submucous cleft was seen in 6 of 20 litters from the dams receiving the higher dose of ZnCaEDTA. It was concluded that CaEDTA is teratogenic in rats at concentrations which, except for decreased weight gain, produce no discernible toxicity to the dam, and which are comparable to the recommended therapeutic dosage in humans (1500 mg/m2/day corresponding to 4 mmol/m2/day). Protection is afforded by incorporating zinc in the chelate.

Efficacy of curcumin in the treatment for oral submucous fibrosis - A randomized clinical trial.

PubMed

Hazarey, Vinay K; Sakrikar, Aditee R; Ganvir, Sindhu M

2015-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic, insidious disease that is associated with significant functional morbidity and an increased risk for malignancy. Turmeric and its active ingredient "curcumin" are being studied upon as chemopreventive agents in various diseases. The present study aims to determine the efficacy of curcumin in the treatment of OSF. Thirty clinically diagnosed OSF patients were divided into two groups, 15 patients in each group from the Outpatient Department. Test group patients were treated with Longvida (curcumin) lozenges and control group with Tenovate ointment (clobetasol propionate (0.05%). The treatment was given for 3 months duration and follow-up was done for 6 months. Both the groups were advised for physiotherapy exercises by mouth exercise device. The baseline and follow-up results were compared for IIO (interincisal distance on maximum mouth opening), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for normal food and VAS for spicy food. The test group showed 5.93 (±2.37) mm increase in mouth opening compared to 2.66 (±1.76) mm of the control group. In relation to VAS scale with spicy and normal food the average reduction was 64 (42-73) and 77 (70.5-82) as compared to 34 (14.5-64.5) and 64 (46-75.5) respectively in control group. The test group results achieved in the treatment span was sustained in the follow-up (P < 0.05) compared to control group which showed statistically significant (P < 0.05) relapse. It can be concluded that combination strategies for the management of OSF which include the stoppage of causative ill habits, appropriate medicinal and physiotherapy management is more efficient than single therapeutic modality. It is evident from the study that curcumin holds good promise in the treatment of OSF in future.

Comparative Study of Clinical Staging of Oral Submucous Fibrosis with Qualitative Analysis of Collagen Fibers Under Polarized Microscopy.

PubMed

Modak, Neha; Tamgadge, Sandhya; Tamgadge, Avinash; Bhalerao, Sudhir

2015-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. An alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have been reported. T herefore the aim was to correlate the clinical, functional and histopathological staging and to analyze the polarization colors and thickness of the collagen fibers in different stages of OSMF using picrosirius red stain under polarizing microscopy so as to assess the severity of disease. The study was conducted in the department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology at Padm. Dr. D. Y Patil Dental and Hospital, Navi Mumbai, India (2012-13). A sample size was of a total 40 subjects, of which 30 patients had OSMF, and 10 were in control group. Clinical, functional and histopathological staging were done depending upon definite criteria. Collagen fibers were analyzed for polarizing colors and thickness. Further clinical, functional and histopathological stages as well as qualitative parameters of collagen fibers were compared. The correlation between clinical and functional staging was not significant ( P >0.05) whereas the comparison of the functional staging with histopathological staging was more reliable ( P <0.01) as an indication to the severity of the disease rather than clinical staging. One-way ANOVA analysis showed highly significant correlation between functional staging and polarization colors and thickness of collagen fibers ( P <0.001). The qualitative change in the collagen fibers of OSMF patients using polarized microscopy would help to assess its role in diagnostic evaluation, to determine the prognosis of the disease as well as to provide useful predictive treatment modalities to them.

Nanomechanical signatures of oral submucous fibrosis in sub-epithelial connective tissue.

PubMed

Anura, Anji; Das, Debanjan; Pal, Mousumi; Paul, Ranjan Rashmi; Das, Soumen; Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy

2017-01-01

Oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF), a potentially malignant disorder, exhibits extensive remodeling of extra-cellular matrix in the form of sub-epithelial fibrosis which is a possible sequel of assaults from different oral habit related irritants. It has been assumed that micro/nanobio-mechanical imbalance experienced in the oral mucosa due to fibrosis may be deterministic for malignant potential (7-13%) of this pathosis. Present study explores changes in mechanobiological attributes of sub-epithelial connective tissue of OSF and the normal counterpart. The atomic force microscopy was employed to investigate tissue topography at micro/nano levels. It documented the presence of closely packed parallel arrangement of dense collagen fibers with wide variation in bandwidth and loss of D-space in OSF as compared to normal. The AFM based indentation revealed that sub-epithelium of OSF tissue has lost its flexibility with increased Young's modulus, stiffness, adhesiveness and reduced deformation of the juxta-epithealial connective tissue towards the deeper layer. These significant variations in nano-mechanical properties of the connective tissue indicated plausible impacts on patho-physiological microenvironment. Excessive deposition of collagen I and diminished expression of collagen III, fibronectin along with presence of α-SMA positive myofibroblast in OSF depicted its pathological basis and indicated the influence of altered ECM on this pathosis. The mechanobiological changes in OSF were corroborative with change in collagen composition recorded through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. The revelation of comparative nanomechanical profiles of normal oral mucosa and OSF in the backdrop of their structural and cardinal molecular attributes thus became pivotal for developing holistic pathobiological insight about possible connects for malignant transformation of this pre-cancer. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Distribution of enkephalin-like immunoreactivity in the cat digestive tract.

PubMed

Bagnol, D; Henry, M; Cupo, A; Julé, Y

1997-05-12

Immunohistochemical investigations were carried out to determine the pattern of distribution of methionine- and leucine-enkephalin-like materials in the cat pylorus, duodenum, ileum and proximal and distal colon. The present results indicate that leucine-enkephalin-like materials are less densely distributed than methionine-enkephalin-like materials, but that the two patterns of distribution show some similarities. Considerable regional differences exist however in the distribution of these enkephalin-like materials in the muscular layers. In the duodenum, ileum and proximal colon, the immunoreactivity was mainly confined to the myenteric plexus and the circular muscle layer, where it was present in nerve cell bodies and in numerous fibres. In the longitudinal muscle and submucous layers, a few immunoreactive fibres were observed which sometimes surrounded blood vessels. In the pylorus and the distal colon, however, numerous immunoreactive fibres were observed in the longitudinal and circular muscle layers; the immunoreactivity was detected in the cell bodies of numerous myenteric plexus neurons but those of only a few submucous plexus neurons. In addition, the pylorus tissues contained immunoreactive plexi which were localized either within the longitudinal muscle or between the serosa and the longitudinal muscle layer. These plexi were connected to the myenteric plexus by immunoreactive nerve strands. In all the small intestinal segments studied, numerous immunoreactive varicosities were present in the deep muscular plexus, in the inner part of the circular muscle layer. Our results suggest that in cats, the nervous control of external muscular layers mediated by enkephalins shows regional differences. In the pylorus and the distal colon, it involves both the longitudinal and circular muscle layers, whereas in other intestinal segments, only the circular muscle layer is involved.

Helicobacter pylori coinfection is a confounder, modulating mucosal inflammation in oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Rajendran, R; Rajeev, R; Anil, S; Alasqah, Mohammed; Rabi, Abdul Gafoor

2009-01-01

The oral cavity has been considered a potential reservoir for Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) , from where the organism causes recurrent gastric infections. With this case-control study we tried to evaluate the role of H pylori in the etiology of mucosal inflammation, a condition that compounds the morbid state associated with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). Subjects ( n = 150) were selected following institutional regulations on sample collection and grouped into test cases and positive and negative controls based on the presence of mucosal fibrosis and inflammation. The negative controls had none of the clinical signs. All patients underwent an oral examination as well as tests to assess oral hygiene/periodontal disease status; a rapid urease test (RUT) of plaque samples was also done to estimate the H pylori bacterial load. We used univariate and mutivariate logistic regression for statistical analysis of the data and calculated the odds ratios to assess the risk posed by the different variables. The RUT results differed significantly between the groups, reflecting the variations in the bacterial loads in each category. The test was positive in 52% in the positive controls (where nonspecific inflammation of oral mucosa was seen unassociated with fibrosis), in 46% of the test cases, and in 18% of the negative controls (healthy volunteers) (chi2 = 13.887; P < 0.01). A positive correlation was seen between the oral hygiene/periodontal disease indices and RUT reactivity in all the three groups. The contribution of the H pylori in dental plaque to mucosal inflammation and periodontal disease was significant. Logistic regression analysis showed gastrointestinal disease and poor oral hygiene as being the greatest risk factors for bacterial colonization, irrespective of the subject groups. A positive correlation exists between RUT reactivity and the frequency of mucosal inflammation.

Diagnostic accuracy of 3D-transvaginal ultrasound in detecting uterine cavity abnormalities in infertile patients as compared with hysteroscopy.

PubMed

Apirakviriya, Chayanis; Rungruxsirivorn, Tassawan; Phupong, Vorapong; Wisawasukmongchol, Wirach

2016-05-01

To assess diagnostic accuracy of 3D transvaginal ultrasound (3D-TVS) compared with hysteroscopy in detecting uterine cavity abnormalities in infertile women. This prospective observational cross-sectional study was conducted during the July 2013 to December 2013 study period. Sixty-nine women with infertility were enrolled. In the mid to late follicular phase of each subject's menstrual cycle, 3D transvaginal ultrasound and hysteroscopy were performed on the same day in each patient. Hysteroscopy is widely considered to be the gold standard method for investigation of the uterine cavity. Uterine cavity characteristics and abnormalities were recorded. Diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios were evaluated. Hysteroscopy was successfully performed in all subjects. Hysteroscopy diagnosed pathological findings in 22 of 69 cases (31.8%). There were 18 endometrial polyps, 3 submucous myomas, and 1 septate uterus. Three-dimensional transvaginal ultrasound in comparison with hysteroscopy had 84.1% diagnostic accuracy, 68.2% sensitivity, 91.5% specificity, 79% positive predictive value, and 86% negative predictive value. The positive and negative likelihood ratios were 8.01 and 0.3, respectively. 3D-TVS successfully detected every case of submucous myoma and uterine anomaly. For detection of endometrial polyps, 3D-TVS had 61.1% sensitivity, 91.5% specificity, and 83.1% diagnostic accuracy. 3D-TVS demonstrated 84.1% diagnostic accuracy for detecting uterine cavity abnormalities in infertile women. A significant percentage of infertile patients had evidence of uterine cavity pathology. Hysteroscopy is, therefore, recommended for accurate detection and diagnosis of uterine cavity lesion. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Editorial. Oral submucous fibrosis: revised hypotheses as to its cause.

PubMed

Rajendran, R; Sukumaran, Anil

2013-09-01

Oral submucous fbrosis (OSF), being a prototype of pathological fbrosis, remains enigmatic as regards its causation. The connective tissue production is permanent and there is no reversal of the condition even after cessation of the habit of areca-nut usage; prime suspect in its causation.(1) The bulk of the connective tissue consists of type-1 collagen(2) and its formation does not appears to be caused by excessive proliferation of fbroblasts.(3) The effect of areca nut extract on in vitro fbroblasts varies on a concentration gradient, predominantly suppressing rather than stimulating the growth of the cells.(4) Based on morphological characteristics, the fbroblast population in the diseased mucosa has been classifed in to types F1, F2 and F3 with F3 cells producing signifcantly more collagen than the other two cell types. It was concluded that a change of fbroblast population has occurred in OSF and that this relative increase of F3 cells in humans, could be committed to the production of large quantities of collagen formation in OSF. It has been proposed that fbroblasts are functionally heterogeneous, the composition of any given normal or diseased connective tissue being a consequence in part of its particular mixture of fbroblast subtypes and density. Subtype deletion or amplifcation can result from selective cytotoxic or mitogenic responses induced by the binding environmental ligands.(5) Against this backdrop, we propose few de-novo attributes, hitherto unreported, and seem to be of relevance in the pathogenesis of OSF; namely the role of autophagy in basic cellular homeostatic process, important to cell fate decisions under conditions of stress and also ECM producing cells (fbroblasts, myofbroblasts and smooth muscle cells) derived from epithelial and endothelial cells through process termed epithelial and endothelial-mesenchymal transition.

Habit-associated salivary pH changes in oral submucous fibrosis-A controlled cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Donoghue, Mandana; Basandi, Praveen S; Adarsh, H; Madhushankari, G S; Selvamani, M; Nayak, Prachi

2015-01-01

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a multi-causal inflammatory reaction to the chemical or mechanical trauma caused due to exposure to arecanut containing products with or without tobacco (ANCP/T). Arecanut and additional components such as lime and chewing tobacco render ANCP/T highly alkaline. Fibrosing repair is a common reaction to an alkaline exposure in the skin. OSF may be related to the alkaline exposure by ANCP/T in a similar manner. The study was aimed at establishing the relationship of habit-associated salivary pH changes and OSF. The study design was controlled cross-sectional. Base line salivary pH (BLS pH), salivary pH after chewing the habitual ANCP/T substance, post chew salivary pH (PCSpH) for 2 min and salivary pH recovery time (SpHRT) were compared in 30 OSF patients and 30 sex-matched individuals with ANCP/T habits and apparently healthy oral mucosa. The group's mean BLSpH values were similar and within normal range and representative of the population level values. The average PCSpH was significantly higher (P ˂ 0.0001) than the average BLSpH in both groups. There was no significant difference (P = 0.09) between PCSpH of OSF patients and controls. OSF patients had a significantly longer (P = 0.0076) SpHRT than controls. Factors such as age, daily exposure, cumulative habit years, BLSpH and PCSpH, had varying effects on the groups. Chewing ANCP/T causes a significant rise in salivary pH of all individuals. SpHRT has a significant association with OSF. The effect of salivary changes in OSF patients differs with those in healthy controls.

Salivary pooling: is it specific to particular regions in oral submucous fibrosis?

PubMed

Arakeri, Gururaj; Colbert, Serryth; Patil, Shekar Gowda; Hale, Beverley; Merkx, M A W; Brennan, Peter A

2015-03-01

Despite extensive research, the pathophysiology of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), a premalignant condition that primarily affects the mucosa, is still unclear, although the chewing of areca nut is known to be the primary cause. While a clear association exists between areca nut and OSMF, very little has been published on the reason for its sporadic incidence in the mouth. Many authors have suggested the site where quid is habitually placed, but this fails to explain multiple sites in those who chew on one side. We hypothesised that the pattern of salivary pooling might affect the distribution of OSMF by carrying the chemicals responsible for mucosal damage. In our study of 174 patients, we evaluated the sites where quid was habitually placed and the areas of salivary pooling, and their association with the incidence of OSMF. Most chewers (136/174, 78%) placed the quid in the buccal vestibule, although other sites were also used including the vestibule of the lip, tongue, and floor of the mouth. The standardised residuals suggested significant associations (p<0.001) between salivary pooling and OSMF, and indicated that salivary pooling affects the mucosal surfaces where it occurs. Our results show that the quid is not the only cause of OSMF. Salivary pooling also has an important role and provides a possible mechanism for the sporadic incidence of the condition. To our knowledge this is the first study to evaluate salivary pooling as a contributory factor in OSMF, and it may help to explain the pattern of distribution. Further work is needed in this area to understand the association more fully. Copyright © 2014 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Endorsing cellular competitiveness in aberrant epithelium of oral submucous fibrosis progression: neighbourhood analysis of immunohistochemical attributes.

PubMed

Anura, Anji; Kazi, Anees; Pal, Mousumi; Paul, Ranjan Rashmi; Sengupta, Sanghamitra; Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy

2018-04-23

Epithelial abnormality during the transformation of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) into oral squamous cell carcinoma has been well studied and documented. However, the differential contribution of atrophy and hyperplasia for malignant potentiality of OSF is yet to be resolved. Existing diagnostic conjectures lack precise diagnostic attributes which may be effectively resolved by substantiation of specific molecular pathology signatures. Present study elucidates existence of cellular competitiveness in OSF conditions using computer-assisted neighbourhood analysis in quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) framework. The concept of field cancerization was contributory in finding correspondence among neighbouring cells of epithelial layers with reference to differential expression of cardinal cancer-related genes [c-Myc (oncogene), p53 (tumour suppressor), and HIF-1α (hypoxia regulator)] which are known to be important sensors in recognizing cellular competitive interface. Our analyses indicate that different states of OSF condition may be associated with different forms of competitiveness within epithelial neighbouring cells which might be responsible to shape the present and future of the pre-malignant condition. Analytical findings indicated association of atrophic epithelium with stress-driven competitive environment having low c-Myc, high-p53, and stable HIF-1α (the looser cells) which undergo apoptosis. Whereas, the cells with high c-Myc + (winner cells) give rise to hyperplastic epithelium via possible mutation in p53. The epithelial dysplasia plausibly occurs due to clonal expansion of c-Myc and p53 positive supercompetitor cells. Present study proposes quantitative IHC along with neighbourhood analysis which might help us to dig deeper on to the interaction among epithelial cell population to provide a better understanding of field cancerization and malignant transformation of pre-malignancy.

Immunohistochemical analysis of tenascin expression in different grades of oral submucous fibrosis

PubMed Central

Tak, Jalaj; Rao, Nirmala N; Chandra, Akhilesh; Gupta, Neha

2015-01-01

Aim: Tenascin, a glycoprotein, is one of the major constituents of extracellular matrix, which may function in organizing the stroma in normal and pathological conditions. The study aimed to correlate the structural organization of tenascin with the pathological progression of disease from early, moderate and advanced changes in oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Study Design: A retrospective cross-sectional immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis of OSMF cases was performed. Total 70 slide samples were prepared for the study from 35 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks with 10 each from histologically proven and graded as early, moderate and advanced OSMF and 5 of normal oral mucosa. The IHC sections were analyzed for the intensity and pattern of tenascin expression at the junction of epithelium and connective tissue (ECJ) and deeper connective tissue (CT), as well as presence or absence of staining around inflammatory cells, fibroblast and endothelial cells using anti-human tenascin. Result: Most of the OSMF cases showed retention of antigen at ECJ and in deeper CT. Its expression varied in different grades as well as around inflammatory cells, fibroblast and endothelial cells in same tissue section. Highly significant P values of 0.001 and 0.003 were obtained for tenascin intensity and pattern, respectively, at ECJ in different OSMF grades. In addition, for the expression of tenascin pattern in deeper CT among different OSMF grades, a significant P value of 0.018 was obtained. Conclusion: A differential expression of tenascin was observed with the progression of disease. The expression of tenascin as bright and continuous deposition at ECJ in early and moderate stages of OSMF signifies either proliferative organization within the overlying epithelium or an epithelial-mesenchymal interaction. However, a weak immunoreactivity of tenascin at ECJ was observed in advanced stage of OSMF. PMID:26980955

Computer vision approach to morphometric feature analysis of basal cell nuclei for evaluating malignant potentiality of oral submucous fibrosis.

PubMed

Muthu Rama Krishnan, M; Pal, Mousumi; Paul, Ranjan Rashmi; Chakraborty, Chandan; Chatterjee, Jyotirmoy; Ray, Ajoy K

2012-06-01

This research work presents a quantitative approach for analysis of histomorphometric features of the basal cell nuclei in respect to their size, shape and intensity of staining, from surface epithelium of Oral Submucous Fibrosis showing dysplasia (OSFD) to that of the Normal Oral Mucosa (NOM). For all biological activity, the basal cells of the surface epithelium form the proliferative compartment and therefore their morphometric changes will spell the intricate biological behavior pertaining to normal cellular functions as well as in premalignant and malignant status. In view of this, the changes in shape, size and intensity of staining of the nuclei in the basal cell layer of the NOM and OSFD have been studied. Geometric, Zernike moments and Fourier descriptor (FD) based as well as intensity based features are extracted for histomorphometric pattern analysis of the nuclei. All these features are statistically analyzed along with 3D visualization in order to discriminate the groups. Results showed increase in the dimensions (area and perimeter), shape parameters and decreasing mean nuclei intensity of the nuclei in OSFD in respect to NOM. Further, the selected features are fed to the Bayesian classifier to discriminate normal and OSFD. The morphometric and intensity features provide a good sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 98.53% and positive predicative accuracy of 97.35%. This comparative quantitative characterization of basal cell nuclei will be of immense help for oral onco-pathologists, researchers and clinicians to assess the biological behavior of OSFD, specially relating to their premalignant and malignant potentiality. As a future direction more extensive study involving more number of disease subjects is observed.

Textural characterization of histopathological images for oral sub-mucous fibrosis detection.

PubMed

Krishnan, M Muthu Rama; Shah, Pratik; Choudhary, Anirudh; Chakraborty, Chandan; Paul, Ranjan Rashmi; Ray, Ajoy K

2011-10-01

In the field of quantitative microscopy, textural information plays a significant role very often in tissue characterization and diagnosis, in addition to morphology and intensity. The aim of this work is to improve the classification accuracy based on textural features for the development of a computer assisted screening of oral sub-mucous fibrosis (OSF). In fact, a systematic approach is introduced in order to grade the histopathological tissue sections into normal, OSF without dysplasia and OSF with dysplasia, which would help the oral onco-pathologists to screen the subjects rapidly. In totality, 71 textural features are extracted from epithelial region of the tissue sections using various wavelet families, Gabor-wavelet, local binary pattern, fractal dimension and Brownian motion curve, followed by preprocessing and segmentation. Wavelet families contribute a common set of 9 features, out of which 8 are significant and other 61 out of 62 obtained from the rest of the extractors are also statistically significant (p<0.05) in discriminating the three stages. Based on mean distance criteria, the best wavelet family (i.e., biorthogonal3.1 (bior3.1)) is selected for classifier design. support vector machine (SVM) is trained by 146 samples based on 69 textural features and its classification accuracy is computed for each of the combinations of wavelet family and rest of the extractors. Finally, it has been investigated that bior3.1 wavelet coefficients leads to higher accuracy (88.38%) in combination with LBP and Gabor wavelet features through three-fold cross validation. Results are shown and discussed in detail. It is shown that combining more than one texture measure instead of using just one might improve the overall accuracy. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Progressive solitary sclerosis: Gradual motor impairment from a single CNS demyelinating lesion.

PubMed

Keegan, B Mark; Kaufmann, Timothy J; Weinshenker, Brian G; Kantarci, Orhun H; Schmalstieg, William F; Paz Soldan, M Mateo; Flanagan, Eoin P

2016-10-18

To report patients with progressive motor impairment resulting from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion in cerebral, brainstem, or spinal cord white matter that we call progressive solitary sclerosis. Thirty patients were identified with (1) progressive motor impairment for over 1 year with a single radiologically identified CNS demyelinating lesion along corticospinal tracts, (2) absence of other demyelinating CNS lesions, and (3) no history of relapses affecting other CNS pathways. Twenty-five were followed prospectively in our multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic and 5 were identified retrospectively from our progressive MS database. Patients were excluded if an alternative etiology for progressive motor impairment was found. Multiple brain and spinal cord MRI were reviewed by a neuroradiologist blinded to the clinical details. The patients' median age was 48.5 years (range 23-71) and 15 (50%) were women. The median follow-up from symptom onset was 100 months (range 15-343 months). All had insidiously progressive upper motor neuron weakness attributable to the solitary demyelinating lesion found on MRI. Clinical presentations were hemiparesis/monoparesis (n = 24), quadriparesis (n = 5), and paraparesis (n = 1). Solitary MRI lesions involved cervical spinal cord (n = 18), cervico-medullary/brainstem region (n = 6), thoracic spinal cord (n = 4), and subcortical white matter (n = 2). CSF abnormalities consistent with MS were found in 13 of 26 (50%). Demyelinating disease was confirmed pathologically in 2 (biopsy, 1; autopsy, 1). Progressive solitary sclerosis results from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion. Future revisions to MS diagnostic criteria could incorporate this presentation of demyelinating disease. © 2016 American Academy of Neurology.

The origin and evolution of queen and fertility signals in Corbiculate bees.

PubMed

Caliari Oliveira, Ricardo; Oi, Cintia Akemi; do Nascimento, Mauricio Meirelles Castro; Vollet-Neto, Ayrton; Alves, Denise Araujo; Campos, Maria Claudia; Nascimento, Fabio; Wenseleers, Tom

2015-11-16

In social Hymenoptera (ants, bees and wasps), various chemical compounds present on the cuticle have been shown to act as fertility signals. In addition, specific queen-characteristic hydrocarbons have been implicated as sterility-inducing queen signals in ants, wasps and bumblebees. In Corbiculate bees, however, the chemical nature of queen-characteristic and fertility-linked compounds appears to be more diverse than in ants and wasps. Moreover, it remains unknown how queen signals evolved across this group and how they might have been co-opted from fertility signals in solitary ancestors. Here, we perform a phylogenetic analysis of fertility-linked compounds across 16 species of solitary and eusocial bee species, comprising both literature data as well as new primary data from a key solitary outgroup species, the oil-collecting bee Centris analis, and the highly eusocial stingless bee Scaptotrigona depilis. Our results demonstrate the presence of fertility-linked compounds belonging to 12 different chemical classes. In addition, we find that some classes of compounds (linear and branched alkanes, alkenes, esters and fatty acids) were already present as fertility-linked signals in the solitary ancestors of Corbiculate bees, while others appear to be specific to certain species. Overall, our results suggest that queen signals in Corbiculate bees are likely derived from ancestral fertility-linked compounds present in solitary bees that lacked reproductive castes. These original fertility-linked cues or signals could have been produced either as a by-product of ovarian activation or could have served other communicative purposes, such as in mate recognition or the regulation of egg-laying.

Nondestructive evaluation of orthopaedic implant stability in THA using highly nonlinear solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jinkyu; Silvestro, Claudio; Sangiorgio, Sophia N.; Borkowski, Sean L.; Ebramzadeh, Edward; De Nardo, Luigi; Daraio, Chiara

2012-01-01

We propose a new biomedical sensing technique based on highly nonlinear solitary waves to assess orthopaedic implant stability in a nondestructive and efficient manner. We assemble a granular crystal actuator consisting of a one-dimensional tightly packed array of spherical particles, to generate acoustic solitary waves. Via direct contact with the specimen, we inject acoustic solitary waves into a biomedical prosthesis, and we nondestructively evaluate the mechanical integrity of the bone-prosthesis interface, studying the properties of the waves reflected from the contact zone between the granular crystal and the implant. The granular crystal contains a piezoelectric sensor to measure the travelling solitary waves, which allows it to function also as a sensor. We perform a feasibility study using total hip arthroplasty (THA) samples made of metallic stems implanted in artificial composite femurs using polymethylmethacrylate for fixation. We first evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed granular crystal sensor to various levels of prosthesis insertion into the composite femur. Then, we impose a sequence of harsh mechanical loading on the THA samples to degrade the mechanical integrity at the stem-cement interfaces, using a femoral load simulator that simulates aggressive, accelerated physiological loading. We investigate the implant stability via the granular crystal sensor-actuator during testing. Preliminary results suggest that the reflected waves respond sensitively to the degree of implant fixation. In particular, the granular crystal sensor-actuator successfully detects implant loosening at the stem-cement interface following violent cyclic loading. This study suggests that the granular crystal sensor and actuator has the potential to detect metal-cement defects in a nondestructive manner for orthopaedic applications.

Multiple and solitary skeletal muscle metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

PubMed

Nocuń, Anna; Chrapko, Beata

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the features and patterns of skeletal muscle metastases (SMM) detected with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). Our database was analyzed for patients with pathologically proven malignancy, who underwent F-FDG PET/CT in our institution. The patients with SMM were included in the study group on the basis of the final diagnosis confirmed by follow-up or histopathology. Images were acquired using a PET/CT system Biograph mCT S(64)-4R. CT was performed without contrast enhancement. The selected group included 31 patients (1.7% of the database, which consisted of 1805 patients). A total of 233 lesions were found. The prevalence of SMM evaluated in specific primary malignancies was the highest in melanoma (6.9%), followed by carcinoma of unknown primary (4.4%), colorectal cancer (4.1%) and lung cancer (2.8%). Three patterns of skeletal muscle metastatic involvement were observed: multiple SMM accompanied by other metastases (64.5%), solitary lesion associated with other metastases (29%) and isolated intramuscular lesions (two cases, 6.5%). Isolated SMM represented recurrence of the malignant disease. In patients with extraskeletal metastases, solitary or multiple SMM did not affect tumor staging. Solitary SMM are less common than multiple on F-FDG PET/CT imaging. SMM are usually associated with other metastases and do not affect tumor staging. The cases of isolated SMM are very rare. Nevertheless, in patients with a diagnosis of malignant disease, a solitary, F-FDG avid intramuscular focus should be suspected to represent metastasis.

Solitary Fibrous Tumors and So-Called Hemangiopericytoma

PubMed Central

Penel, Nicolas; Amela, Eric Yaovi; Decanter, Gauthier; Robin, Yves-Marie; Marec-Berard, Perrine

2012-01-01

We have reviewed the literature data regarding the spectrum of tumors including solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma with special focus on definition of the disease, discussion of the criteria for malignancy, and the key elements of standard treatment of localized disease. We have discussed the emerging concepts on the tumor biology and the different systemic treatments (chemotherapy and molecular-targeted therapies). PMID:22566753

Elastic solitons in delaminated bars: splitting leads to fission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsonov, A. M.; Dreiden, G. V.; Khusnutdinova, K. R.; Semenova, I. V.

2008-06-01

Recent theoretical and successful experimental studies confirmed existence and demonstrated main properties of bulk strain solitary waves in nonlinearly elastic solid wave guides. Our current research is devoted to nonlinear wave processes in layered elastic wave guides with inhomogeneities modelling delamination. We present first theoretical and experimental results showing the influence of delamination on the parameters of the longitudinal strain solitary wave.

Congenital solitary intestinal fibromatosis.

PubMed

Numanoglu, A; Davies, J; Millar, A J W; Rode, H

2002-10-01

Neonatal intestinal obstruction due to a tumour is rare. We report a six-day-old male neonate who presented with abdominal distension and vomiting. Laparotomy revealed colonic obstruction caused by a stenosing fibrotic lesion in the proximal transverse colon. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed fibromatosis. We believe this represents the third reported case of solitary colonic fibromatosis. The literature on neonatal intestinal fibromatosis is reviewed.

"I Want to Play Alone": Assessment and Correlates of Self-Reported Preference for Solitary Play in Young Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coplan, Robert J.; Ooi, Laura L.; Rose-Krasnor, Linda; Nocita, Gabriella

2014-01-01

The goal of this study was to develop and validate an interview assessment of "preference for solitary activities" for use with young children. We also tested the postulation that negative peer experiences would heighten preference for solitude, particularly among young shy children. Participants were N?=?193 children (87 boys, 106…

Arbitrary amplitude nucleus-acoustic solitons in multi-ion quantum plasmas with relativistically degenerate electrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sultana, S.; Schlickeiser, R.

2018-02-01

A three component degenerate relativistic quantum plasma (consisting of relativistically degenerate electrons, nondegenerate inertial light nuclei, and stationary heavy nuclei) is considered to model the linear wave and also the electrostatic solitary waves in the light nuclei-scale length. A well-known normal mode analysis is employed to investigate the linear wave properties. A mechanical-motion analog (Sagdeev-type) pseudo-potential approach, which reveals the existence of large amplitude solitary excitations, is adopted to study the nonlinear wave properties. Only the positive potential solitary excitations are found to exist in the plasma medium under consideration. The basic properties of the arbitrary amplitude electrostatic acoustic modes in the light nuclei-scale length and their existence domain in terms of soliton speed (Mach number) are examined. The modifications of solitary wave characteristics and their existence domain with the variation of different key plasma configuration parameters (e.g., electrons degeneracy parameter, inertial light nuclei number density, and degenerate electron number density) are also analyzed. Our results, which may be helpful to explain the basic features of the nonlinear wave propagation in multi-component degenerate quantum plasmas, in connection with astrophysical compact objects (e.g., white dwarfs) are briefly discussed.

Variational approach to studying solitary waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with complex potentials

DOE PAGES

Mertens, Franz G.; Cooper, Fred; Arevalo, Edward; ...

2016-09-15

Here in this paper, we discuss the behavior of solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) as they interact with complex potentials, using a four-parameter variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formulation of the dynamics. We concentrate on spatially periodic potentials with the periods of the real and imaginary part being either the same or different. Our results for the time evolution of the collective coordinates of our variational ansatz are in good agreement with direct numerical simulation of the NLSE. We compare our method with a collective coordinate approach of Kominis and give examples where themore » two methods give qualitatively different answers. In our variational approach, we are able to give analytic results for the small oscillation frequency of the solitary wave oscillating parameters which agree with the numerical solution of the collective coordinate equations. We also verify that instabilities set in when the slope dp(t)/dv(t) becomes negative when plotted parametrically as a function of time, where p(t) is the momentum of the solitary wave and v(t) the velocity.« less

Variational approach to studying solitary waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with complex potentials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mertens, Franz G.; Cooper, Fred; Arevalo, Edward

Here in this paper, we discuss the behavior of solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) as they interact with complex potentials, using a four-parameter variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formulation of the dynamics. We concentrate on spatially periodic potentials with the periods of the real and imaginary part being either the same or different. Our results for the time evolution of the collective coordinates of our variational ansatz are in good agreement with direct numerical simulation of the NLSE. We compare our method with a collective coordinate approach of Kominis and give examples where themore » two methods give qualitatively different answers. In our variational approach, we are able to give analytic results for the small oscillation frequency of the solitary wave oscillating parameters which agree with the numerical solution of the collective coordinate equations. We also verify that instabilities set in when the slope dp(t)/dv(t) becomes negative when plotted parametrically as a function of time, where p(t) is the momentum of the solitary wave and v(t) the velocity.« less

Giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin.

PubMed

Gilad, Oranit; Swaisgood, Ronald R; Owen, Megan A; Zhou, Xiaoping

2016-08-01

Sociality is an important factor in both the mechanism and function of kin recognition, yet it is little explored in solitary species. While there may be future opportunities for nepotistic functions of kin discrimination among solitary species, the ability to discriminate kin from nonkin may still have important roles in social regulation. The solitary giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca offers a good model system to explore kin discrimination in a solitary mammal. As kin discrimination in many other mammals is olfactorily mediated, we investigated whether giant pandas are able to discriminate odor cues from daughters even after months and years of separation. Our results indicate that giant pandas are capable of discriminating between kin and nonkin using odor cues available in urine and body odor. Daughters preferentially investigated the odors of unrelated adult female pandas over the odors of their mothers, and mothers spent more time investigating the odors of unrelated age-matched female pandas over those from their daughters. Because these studies were conducted months or years after the mother-daughter period of dependency ended, it is still unclear what mechanism is used for recognition. Long-term olfactory memories and phenotype matching should both be considered, and further studies are required for such determination.

Histologic changes in thyroid nodules after percutaneous ethanol injection in patients subsequently operated on due to new focal thyroid lesions.

PubMed

Pomorski, Lech; Bartos, Magdalena

2002-02-01

This paper reports macro- and microscopic changes in hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules (HTN), initially diagnosed as solitary, in patients treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). In 78 patients, benign solitary HTN were diagnosed by clinical and hormonal examination. High resolution ultrasonography confirmed the solitary nodule. The results of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), performed twice, ruled out malignancy of the nodule. The patients were referred for PEI treatment. At 1-year follow-up, newly formed thyroid nodules, whose volumes increased, were detected in five patients (6.4%) with HTN, initially diagnosed as solitary. Therefore, these patients were operated on. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. At the intraoperative macroscopic evaluation, a hard fibrous solid mass was found in place of three nodules (n1, n2, n3) following PEI treatment. The middle area of the cut surface of PEI-treated nodules (n4 and n5) in the other two patients was firm and haemorrhagic, surrounded by a fibrous mass. Histolopathologic examination of n1, n2 and n3 revealed fibrosis and hyalinosis. Examination of n4 and n5 showed haemorrhagic necrosis in the middle of the nodules surrounded by fibrous tissue.

[Solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid gland carcinomas].

PubMed

Zivaljevic, V; Zivic, R; Diklic, A; Krgovic, K; Kalezic, N; Vekic, B; Stevanovic, D; Paunovic, I

2011-08-01

Thyroid gland carcinomas usually appear as afunctional and hypofunctional lesions on thyroid scintigrams, but some rare cases of thyroid carcinoma with scintigraphic hyperfunctional lesions have also been reported. The aim of our retrospective study was to elucidate the frequency of carcinomas in patients operated for solitary hyperfunctional thyroid nodules and to represent their demographic and clinical features. During one decade (1997/2006), 308 patients were operated for solitary hyperfunctional thyroid nodules in the Centre for Endocrine Surgery in Belgrade. Malignancy was revealed in 9 cases (about 3 %) by histopathological examination. In 6 cases papillary microcarcinomas were found adjacent to dominant hyperfunctional adenomas, while in 3 cases (about 1 %) real hyperfunctional carcinomas were confirmed. Follicular carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 cases and papillary carcinoma in one. All 3 patients were preoperatively hyperthyroid. In both patients with follicular carcinoma we performed lobectomies. In the third case we carried out a total thyroidectomy considering the intraoperative frozen section finding of a papillary carcinoma. According to our results the frequency of solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinomas is about 1 %, so that the possibility that a hyperfunctional nodule is malignant should be considered in the treatment of such lesions. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ˙ New York.

Characteristics of solitary waves in a relativistic degenerate ion beam driven magneto plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deka, Manoj Kr.; Dev, Apul N.; Misra, Amar P.; Adhikary, Nirab C.

2018-01-01

The nonlinear propagation of a small amplitude ion acoustic solitary wave in a relativistic degenerate magneto plasma in the presence of an ion beam is investigated in detail. The nonlinear equations describing the evolution of a solitary wave in the presence of relativistic non-degenerate magnetized positive ions and ion beams including magnetized degenerate relativistic electrons are derived in terms of Zakharov-Kuznetsov (Z-K) equation for such plasma systems. The ion beams which are a ubiquitous ingredient in such plasma systems are found to have a decisive role in the propagation of a solitary wave in such a highly dense plasma system. The conditions of a wave, propagating with typical solitonic characteristics, are examined and discussed in detail under suitable conditions of different physical parameters. Both a subsonic and supersonic wave can propagate in such plasmas bearing different characteristics under different physical situations. A detailed analysis of waves propagating in subsonic and/or supersonic regime is carried out. The ion beam concentrations, magnetic field, as well as ion beam streaming velocity are found to play a momentous role on the control of the amplitude and width of small amplitude perturbation in both weakly (or non-relativistic) and relativistic plasmas.

Chemical Analyses of Wasp-Associated Streptomyces Bacteria Reveal a Prolific Potential for Natural Products Discovery

PubMed Central

Clardy, Jon; Currie, Cameron R.

2011-01-01

Identifying new sources for small molecule discovery is necessary to help mitigate the continuous emergence of antibiotic-resistance in pathogenic microbes. Recent studies indicate that one potentially rich source of novel natural products is Actinobacterial symbionts associated with social and solitary Hymenoptera. Here we test this possibility by examining two species of solitary mud dauber wasps, Sceliphron caementarium and Chalybion californicum. We performed enrichment isolations from 33 wasps and obtained more than 200 isolates of Streptomyces Actinobacteria. Chemical analyses of 15 of these isolates identified 11 distinct and structurally diverse secondary metabolites, including a novel polyunsaturated and polyoxygenated macrocyclic lactam, which we name sceliphrolactam. By pairing the 15 Streptomyces strains against a collection of fungi and bacteria, we document their antifungal and antibacterial activity. The prevalence and anti-microbial properties of Actinobacteria associated with these two solitary wasp species suggest the potential role of these Streptomyces as antibiotic-producing symbionts, potentially helping defend their wasp hosts from pathogenic microbes. Finding phylogenetically diverse and chemically prolific Actinobacteria from solitary wasps suggests that insect-associated Actinobacteria can provide a valuable source of novel natural products of pharmaceutical interest. PMID:21364940

Branches of electrostatic turbulence inside solitary plasma structures in the auroral ionosphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Golovchanskaya, Irina V.; Kozelov, Boris V.; Chernyshov, Alexander A.

2014-08-15

The excitation of electrostatic turbulence inside space-observed solitary structures is a central topic of this exposition. Three representative solitary structures observed in the topside auroral ionosphere as large-amplitude nonlinear signatures in the electric field and magnetic-field-aligned current on the transverse scales of ∼10{sup 2}–10{sup 3} m are evaluated by the theories of electrostatic wave generation in inhomogeneous background configurations. A quantitative analysis shows that the structures are, in general, effective in destabilizing the inhomogeneous energy-density-driven (IEDD) waves, as well as of the ion acoustic waves modified by a shear in the parallel drift of ions. It is demonstrated that the dominatingmore » branch of the electrostatic turbulence is determined by the interplay of various driving sources inside a particular solitary structure. The sources do not generally act in unison, so that their common effect may be inhibiting for excitation of electrostatic waves of a certain type. In the presence of large magnetic-field-aligned current, which is not correlated to the inhomogeneous electric field inside the structure, the ion-acoustic branch becomes dominating. In other cases, the IEDD instability is more central.« less

Current evidence on the use of anti-RAAS agents in congenital or acquired solitary kidney.

PubMed

Simeoni, Mariadelina; Armeni, Annarita; Summaria, Chiara; Cerantonio, Annamaria; Fuiano, Giorgio

2017-11-01

The inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a major strategy for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The utility of anti-RAAS agents in patients with congenital or acquired solitary kidney is still controversial. A systematic literature review was conducted. The conclusions of the few available studies on the topic are homogeneously in agreement with a long-term reno-protective activity of anti-RAAS drugs in patients with solitary kidney, especially if patients are hypertensive or proteinuric. However, angiotensin 2 (ANG2) levels permit a functional adaptation to a reduced renal mass in adults and is crucial for sustaining complete kidney development and maturation in children. A hormonal interference on ANG2 levels has been supposed in women. Consequently, at least in children and women, the use of ARBs appears more appropriate. Principle conclusions: Available data on this topic are limited; however, by their overall assessment, it would appear that anti-RAAS drugs might also be reno-protective in patients with solitary kidney. The use of ARBs, especially in children and in women, seems to be more appropriate. However, more experimental data would be strictly necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

SOLITARY IDIOPATHIC CHOROIDITIS IN THE SETTING OF EXTENSIVE ANIMAL EXPOSURE.

PubMed

Kumar, Vivek; Khoo, Chloe T L; Shields, Carol L

2016-01-01

To describe solitary idiopathic choroiditis in the setting of extensive animal exposure. A 56-year-old asymptomatic female equestrian with an extensive history of exposure to horses and dogs and a trapper of wild animals and rodents was discovered to have an amelanotic choroidal mass in the macular region and referred for suspicious atypical nevus. Funduscopy revealed a deep yellow mass with overlying retinal pigment epithelial thinning and without visible subretinal fluid or lipofuscin. Mild hyperautofluorescence represented unmasking of scleral autofluorescence. Ultrasonography showed a 1.8-mm-thick echodense lesion. Enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography disclosed a dense, elevated scleral mass with "volcanic" configuration, demonstrating choroidal compression and trace overlying subretinal fluid. These features were consistent with solitary idiopathic choroiditis/scleritis. Systemic evaluation for standard cat-related bartonellosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis were negative. Horse-, dog-, and rodent-related bartonellosis testing was not available. Observation was advised, and the findings remained stable at 6 months. Solitary idiopathic choroiditis is best imaged on enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography as a scleral lesion with "volcanic" configuration and often secondary to previous Bartonella infection. Serologic positivity for cat-related Bartonella decays over time, and testing for horse-, dog-, or rodent-related Bartonella is not commonly used.

Familial spinal neurofibromatosis due to a multiexonic NF1 gene deletion.

PubMed

Pizzuti, Antonio; Bottillo, Irene; Inzana, Francesca; Lanari, Valentina; Buttarelli, Francesca; Torrente, Isabella; Giallonardo, Anna Teresa; De Luca, Alessandro; Dallapiccola, Bruno

2011-08-01

We report the detailed clinical presentation and molecular features of a spinal neurofibromatosis familial case where a 40-year-old woman, presenting with multiple bilateral spinal neurofibromas and no other clinical feature of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), inherited a paternal large multiexonic deletion (c.5944-?_7126+?del) which resulted in NF1 gene haploinsufficiency at the RNA level. In the clinically unaffected 73-year-old father, spinal cord MRI disclosed bilateral and symmetrical hypertrophy of spinal lumbosacral roots. Our study widens the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of NF1 and illustrates the difficulties of counseling patients with border-line or atypical presentation of this disorder.

[Eye involvement in neurofibromatosis].

PubMed

Baier, M; Pitz, S

2016-05-01

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) and neurofibromatosis 2 (NF2) are characterized by an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance with irregular penetrance and a broad spectrum of different clinical phenotypes. There are large variations in the age of onset, progression and prognosis. Symptoms are often manifested early in childhood. Characteristics which the two main forms NF1 and NF2 have in common are a positive family history, characteristic skin alterations, such as café au lait macules, axillary or inguinal freckling and neural tumors such as neurofibroma and optic glioma (NF1) as well as (bilateral) vestibular schwannomas (NF2). An interdisciplinary cooperation is necessary for the diagnostics and therapy.

Pilot Study of Gleevec/Imatinib Mesylate (STI 571, NSC 716051) in Neurofibromatosis (NF1) Patients with Plexiform Neurofibromas

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

increase in certain circulating cytokines reflected tumors that progress. This study’s cytokine assay employed the MilliPlex map Human Cytokine...receptors were assayed using MILLIPLEX MAP Human Soluble Cytokine Receptor Panel (cat# HSCRMAG-32K) and included: sCD30, sgp130, sIL-1RI, sIL-1RII, sIL-2Rα...sIL-4R, sIL-6R, sRAGE, sTNFRI, sTNFRII, sVEGF-R1, sVEGF-R2, sVEGF-R3. Separately were run TGF β 1, TGF β 2, and TGF β 3 using the MILLIPLEX MAP

Solitary Splenic Metastasis After Surgically-treated Cervical Cancer - A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Bacalbasa, Nicolae; Balescu, Irina; Marcu, Madalina; Oprescu, Dana Nuti; Anca, Alexandru Florin

2017-05-01

Solitary metastases after surgically-treated cervical cancer are a rare entity, with only few cases described so far. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed with a tumoral splenic lesion at 18 months after surgically-treated cervical cancer. The patient was submitted to surgery, with a splenectomy being performed. The histopathological studies confirmed the presence of a squamous cell cervical cancer splenic metastasis. At one year follow-up after splenectomy, the patient is free of any recurrent disease. Solitary splenic metastases after surgically-treated cervical cancer are rarely seen; however, this diagnostic should not be omitted whenever a medical history of cervical cancer is present. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

ROC Analysis of Chest Radiographs Using Computed Radiography and Conventional Analog Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morioka, Craig A.; Brown, Kathy; Hayrapetian, Alek S.; Kangarloo, Hooshang; Balter, Stephen; Huang, H. K.

1989-05-01

Receiver operating characteristic is used to compare the image quality of films obtained digitally using computed radiography (CR) and conventionally using analog film following fluoroscopic examination. Similar radiological views were obtained by both modalities. Twenty-four cases, some with a solitary noncalcified nodule and/or pneumothorax, were collected. Ten radiologists have been tested viewing analog and CR digital films separately. Final results indicate that there is no statistically significant difference in the ability to detect either a pneumothorax or a solitary noncalcified nodule when comparing CR digital film with conventional analog film. However, there is a trend that indicated the area under the ROC curves for detection of either a pneumothorax or solitary noncalcified nodule were greater for the analog film than for the digital film.

Solitary waves with weak transverse perturbations in quantum dusty plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ur-Rehman, H.; Masood, W.; Siddiq, M.

2008-12-15

Using the quantum hydrodynamic model, quantum dust ion-acoustic solitary waves are investigated in the presence of weak transverse perturbations. The linear dispersion relation is obtained using the Fourier analysis. The two-dimensional (2D) propagation of small amplitude nonlinear waves is studied by deriving the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. The traveling wave solution of the KP equation is obtained by employing the tanh method. By dint of this solution, the effects of quantum Bohm pressure and the dust concentration on the 2D solitary structure are studied. The effect of quantum Bohm potential on the stability of the KP soliton is also investigated. Themore » results are supported by the numerical analysis and the relevance of the present investigation in dense astrophysical environments is also pointed out.« less

Two-dimensional interaction of a shear flow with a free surface in a stratified fluid and its solitary-wave solutions via mathematical methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seadawy, Aly R.

2017-12-01

In this study, we presented the problem formulations of models for internal solitary waves in a stratified shear flow with a free surface. The nonlinear higher order of extended KdV equations for the free surface displacement is generated. We derived the coefficients of the nonlinear higher-order extended KdV equation in terms of integrals of the modal function for the linear long-wave theory. The wave amplitude potential and the fluid pressure of the extended KdV equation in the form of solitary-wave solutions are deduced. We discussed and analyzed the stability of the obtained solutions and the movement role of the waves by making graphs of the exact solutions.

Influence of Non-Maxwellian Particles on Dust Acoustic Waves in a Dusty Magnetized Plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

M. Nouri, Kadijani; Zareamoghaddam, H.

2013-11-01

In this paper an investigation into dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in the presence of superthermal electrons and ions in a magnetized plasma with cold dust grains and trapped electrons is discussed. The dynamic of both electrons and ions is simulated by the generalized Lorentzian (κ) distribution function (DF). The dust grains are cold and their dynamics are studied by hydrodynamic equations. The basic set of fluid equations is reduced to modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation using Reductive Perturbation Theory (RPT). Two types of solitary waves, fast and slow dust acoustic soliton (DAS) exist in this plasma. Calculations reveal that compressive solitary structures are possibly propagated in the plasma where dust grains are negatively (or positively) charged. The properties of DASs are also investigated numerically.

Revisiting Sports Precautions in Children With Solitary Kidneys and Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract.

PubMed

Papagiannopoulos, Dimitri; Gong, Edward

2017-03-01

This review article explores sports and recreational precautions in children with solitary kidneys. In 2001, the American Academy of Pediatrics published recommendations for activity in children with medical conditions. Those with solitary kidneys were graded a "qualified yes": no restriction in noncontact sports, and individual assessment for limited-contact, contact, and collision sports. Recent trauma data suggest that classification according to the degree of contact is inaccurate. We propose an updated, data-driven classification of sports or recreation according to the risk of high-grade renal trauma or loss of renal unit. Given the paucity of literature on the topic and lack of consensus, children with congenital renal anomalies should exercise caution in both sports and recreation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multiple branches of travelling waves for the Gross–Pitaevskii equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiron, David; Scheid, Claire

2018-06-01

Explicit solitary waves are known to exist for the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili-I (KP-I) equation in dimension 2. We first address numerically the question of their Morse index. The results confirm that the lump solitary wave has Morse index one and that the other explicit solutions correspond to excited states. We then turn to the 2D Gross–Pitaevskii (GP) equation, which in some long wave regime converges to the KP-I equation. Numerical simulations have already shown that a branch of travelling waves of GP converges to a ground state of KP-I, expected to be the lump. In this work, we perform numerical simulations showing that other explicit solitary waves solutions to the KP-I equation give rise to new branches of travelling waves of GP corresponding to excited states.

Malignant transformation of solitary spinal osteochondroma in two mature dogs.

PubMed

Green, E M; Adams, W M; Steinberg, H

1999-01-01

Canine osteochondroma is an uncommon bony tumor that arises in skeletally immature animals. Consequently, clinical signs typically occur in young dogs as a result of impingement of normal structures by the tumor. Radiographically, osteochondromas are benign in appearance. They are well circumscribed and cause no bony lysis nor periosteal proliferation. Osteochondromas may occur in two forms; solitary or multiple. Although histology and biologic behavior are identical, when in the multiple form the condition has been termed multiple cartilaginous exostoses. Malignant transformation of multiple cartilaginous exostoses has been reported in three mature dogs. We report two dogs with malignant transformation of solitary spinal osteochondromas. Both underwent transformation to osteosarcoma. Despite the benign radiographic appearance of osteochondromas and multiple cartilaginous exostoses, clinical signs should alert the clinician to the possibility of malignant transformation.

FAST satellite observations of large-amplitude solitary structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ergun, R. E.; Carlson, C. W.; McFadden, J. P.; Mozer, F. S.; Delory, G. T.; Peria, W.; Chaston, C. C.; Temerin, M.; Roth, I.; Muschietti, L.; Elphic, R.; Strangeway, R.; Pfaff, R.; Cattell, C. A.; Klumpar, D.; Shelley, E.; Peterson, W.; Moebius, E.; Kistler, L.

We report observations of “fast solitary waves” that are ubiquitous in downward current regions of the mid-altitude auroral zone. The single-period structures have large amplitudes (up to 2.5 V/m), travel much faster than the ion acoustic speed, carry substantial potentials (up to ∼100 Volts), and are associated with strong modulations of energetic electron fluxes. The amplitude and speed of the structures distinguishes them from ion-acoustic solitary waves or weak double layers. The electromagnetic signature appears to be that of an positive charge (electron hole) traveling anti-earthward. We present evidence that the structures are in or near regions of magnetic-field-aligned electric fields and propose that these nonlinear structures play a key role in supporting parallel electric fields in the downward current region of the auroral zone.

Large-amplitude acoustic solitary waves in a Yukawa chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheridan, T. E.; Gallagher, James C.

2017-06-01

We experimentally study the excitation and propagation of acoustic solitary waves in a one-dimensional dusty plasma (i.e. a Yukawa chain) with particles interacting through a screened Coulomb potential. The lattice constant mm. Waves are launched by applying a 100 mW laser pulse to one end of the chain for laser pulse durations from 0.10 to 2.0 s. We observe damped solitary waves which propagate for distances with an acoustic speed s=11.5\\pm 0.2~\\text{mm}~\\text{s}-1$ . The maximum velocity perturbation increases with laser pulse duration for durations s and then saturates at . The wave speed is found to be independent of the maximum amplitude, indicating that the formation of nonlinear solitons is prevented by neutral-gas damping.

Multi-exciton emission from solitary dopant states of carbon nanotubes.

PubMed

Ma, Xuedan; Hartmann, Nicolai F; Velizhanin, Kirill A; Baldwin, Jon K S; Adamska, Lyudmyla; Tretiak, Sergei; Doorn, Stephen K; Htoon, Han

2017-11-02

By separating the photons from slow and fast decays of single and multi-exciton states in a time gated 2 nd order photon correlation experiment, we show that solitary oxygen dopant states of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) allow emission of photon pairs with efficiencies as high as 44% of single exciton emission. Our pump dependent time resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies further reveal diffusion-limited exciton-exciton annihilation as the key process that limits the emission of multi-excitons at high pump fluences. We further postulate that creation of additional permanent exciton quenching sites occurring under intense laser irradiation leads to permanent PL quenching. With this work, we bring out multi-excitonic processes of solitary dopant states as a new area to be explored for potential applications in lasing and entangled photon generation.

PIC simulation of compressive and rarefactive dust ion-acoustic solitary waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Zhong-Zheng; Zhang, Heng; Hong, Xue-Ren

The nonlinear propagations of dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in a collisionless four-component unmagnetized dusty plasma system containing nonextensive electrons, inertial negative ions, Maxwellian positive ions, and negatively charged static dust grains have been investigated by the particle-in-cell method. By comparing the simulation results with those obtained from the traditional reductive perturbation method, it is observed that the rarefactive KdV solitons propagate stably at a low amplitude, and when the amplitude is increased, the prime wave form evolves and then gradually breaks into several small amplitude solitary waves near the tail of soliton structure. The compressive KdV solitons propagate unstably andmore » oscillation arises near the tail of soliton structure. The finite amplitude rarefactive and compressive Gardner solitons seem to propagate stably.« less

Modified KdV equation for trapped ions in polarized dusty plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, K.; Kaur, N.; Sethi, P.; Saini, N. S.

2018-01-01

In this investigation, the effect of polarization force on dust acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) has been presented in a dusty plasma composed of Maxwellian electrons, vortex-like (trapped) ions, and negatively charged mobile dust grains. It has been found that from the Maxwellian ions distribution to a vortex-like one, the dynamics of small but finite amplitude DA solitary waves is governed by a nonlinear equation of modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) type instead of KdV. The combined effect of trapped ions and polarization force strongly influence the characteristics of DASWs. Only rarefactive solitary structures are formed under the influence of ions trapping and polarization force. The implications of our results are useful in real astrophysical situations of space and laboratory dusty plasmas.

Clinical features of spinal schwannomas in 65 patients with schwannomatosis compared with 831 with solitary schwannomas and 102 with neurofibromatosis Type 2: a retrospective study at a single institution.

PubMed

Li, Peng; Zhao, Fu; Zhang, Jing; Wang, Zhenmin; Wang, Xingchao; Wang, Bo; Yang, Zhijun; Yang, Jun; Gao, Zhixian; Liu, Pinan

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical features of spinal schwannomas in patients with schwannomatosis and compare them with a large cohort of patients with solitary schwannomas and neurofibromatosis Type 2 (NF2). The study was a retrospective review of 831 patients with solitary schwannomas, 65 with schwannomatosis, and 102 with NF2. The clinical, radiographic, and pathological data were extracted with specific attention to the age at onset, location of tumors, initial symptoms, family history, and treatment outcome. The male-to-female ratio of patients with schwannomatosis (72.3% vs 27.7%) was significantly higher than that of patients with solitary schwannomas (53.3% vs 46.7%) and NF2 (54.0% vs 46.0%), respectively (chi-square test, p = 0.012). The mean age at the first spinal schwannoma operation of patients with NF2 (24.7 ± 10.2 years) was significantly younger than that of patients with solitary schwannomas (44.8 ± 13.2 years) and schwannomatosis (44.4 ± 14.1 years; 1-way ANOVA, p < 0.001). The initial symptoms were similar among the 3 groups, with pain being the most common. The distribution of spinal tumors among the 3 groups was significantly different. The peak locations of spinal schwannomas in patients with solitary schwannomas were at C1-3 and T12-L3; in schwannomatosis, the peak location was at T12-L5. A preferred spinal location was not evident for intradural-extramedullary tumors in NF2. Only a slight prominence in the lumbar area could be observed. The patients in the 3 groups obtained similar benefits from the operation; the recovery rates in the patients with solitary schwannomas, NF2, and schwannomatosis were 50.1%, 38.0%, and 53.9%, respectively. The prognosis varied among spinal schwannomas in the patients with schwannomatosis. Up until the last date of follow-up, most patients with schwannomatosis (81.5%) had undergone a single spinal operation, but 12 patients (18.5%) had undergone multiple spinal operations. Patients with nonsegmental schwannomatosis or those with early onset disease seemed to have a poor prognosis; they were more likely to undergo multiple spinal operations. Small cauda equina nodules were common in patients with schwannomatosis (46.7%) and NF2 (86.9%); these small schwannomas appeared to have relatively static behavior. Two patients suspicious for schwannomatosis were diagnosed with NF2 with the detection of constitutional NF2 mutations; 1 had unilateral vestibular schwannoma, and the other had suspicious bilateral trigeminal schwannomas. The clinical features of spinal schwannomas vary among patients with solitary schwannomas, NF2, and schwannomatosis. Spinal schwannomas of patients with NF2 appear to be more aggressive than those in patients with solitary schwannomas and schwannomatosis. Spinal schwannomas of schwannomatosis predominate in the lumbar area, and most of them can be treated successfully with surgery. The prognosis varies among spinal schwannomas of schwannomatosis; some patients may need multiple operations due to newly developed schwannomas. Sometimes, it is difficult to differentiate schwannomatosis from NF2 based on clinical manifestations. It is prudent to perform close follow-up examinations in patients with undetermined schwannomatosis and their offspring.

Association of Genetic Predisposition With Solitary Schwannoma or Meningioma in Children and Young Adults.

PubMed

Pathmanaban, Omar N; Sadler, Katherine V; Kamaly-Asl, Ian D; King, Andrew T; Rutherford, Scott A; Hammerbeck-Ward, Charlotte; McCabe, Martin G; Kilday, John-Paul; Beetz, Christian; Poplawski, Nicola K; Evans, D Gareth; Smith, Miriam J

2017-09-01

Meningiomas and schwannomas are usually sporadic, isolated tumors occurring in adults older than 60 years and are rare in children and young adults. Multiple schwannomas and/or meningiomas are more frequently associated with a tumor suppressor syndrome and, accordingly, trigger genetic testing, whereas solitary tumors do not. Nevertheless, apparently sporadic tumors in young patients may herald a genetic syndrome. To determine the frequency of the known heritable meningioma- or schwannoma-predisposing mutations in children and young adults presenting with a solitary meningioma or schwannoma. Using the database of the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, this cohort study analyzed lymphocyte DNA from young individuals prospectively referred to the clinic for genetic testing between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2016, on presentation with a single meningioma (n = 42) or schwannoma (n = 135) before age 25 years. Sequencing data were also examined from an additional 39 patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 who were retrospectively identified as having a solitary tumor before age 25 years. Patients with schwannoma were screened for NF2, SMARCB1, and LZTR1 gene mutations, while patients with meningioma were screened for NF2, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and SUFU. The type of underlying genetic mutation, or lack of a predisposing mutation, was associated with the presenting tumor type and subsequent development of additional tumors or other features of known schwannoma- and meningioma-predisposing syndromes. In 2 cohorts of patients who presented with an isolated meningioma (n = 42; median [range] age, 11 [1-24] years; 22 female) or schwannoma (n = 135; median [range] age, 18 [0.2-24] years; 60 female) before age 25 years, 16 of 42 patients (38%) had a predisposing mutation to meningioma and 27 of 135 patients (20%) to schwannoma, respectively. In the solitary meningioma cohort, 34 of 63 patients (54%) had a constitutional mutation in a known meningioma predisposition gene. Twenty-five of 63 patients (40%) had a constitutional NF2 mutation, and 9 (14%) had a constitutional SMARCE1 mutation. In the cohort of those who developed a solitary schwannoma before age 25 years, 44 of 153 patients (29%) had an identifiable genetic predisposition. Twenty-four patients (55%) with a spinal schwannoma had a constitutional mutation, while only 20 (18%) with a cranial schwannoma had a constitutional predisposition (P < .001). Of 109 cranial schwannomas, 106 (97.2%) were vestibular. Four of 106 people (3.8%) with a cranial schwannoma had an LZTR1 mutation (3 were vestibular schwannomas and 1 was a nonvestibular schwannoma), and 9 (8.5%) had an NF2 mutation. A significant proportion of young people with an apparently sporadic solitary meningioma or schwannoma had a causative predisposition mutation. This finding has important clinical implications because of the risk of additional tumors and the possibility of familial disease. Young patients presenting with a solitary meningioma or schwannoma should be referred for genetic testing.

Limited social plasticity in the socially polymorphic sweat bee Lasioglossum calceatum.

PubMed

Davison, P J; Field, J

2018-01-01

Eusociality is characterised by a reproductive division of labour, where some individuals forgo direct reproduction to instead help raise kin. Socially polymorphic sweat bees are ideal models for addressing the mechanisms underlying the transition from solitary living to eusociality, because different individuals in the same species can express either eusocial or solitary behaviour. A key question is whether alternative social phenotypes represent environmentally induced plasticity or predominantly genetic differentiation between populations. In this paper, we focus on the sweat bee Lasioglossum calceatum , in which northern or high-altitude populations are solitary, whereas more southern or low-altitude populations are typically eusocial. To test whether social phenotype responds to local environmental cues, we transplanted adult females from a solitary, northern population, to a southern site where native bees are typically eusocial. Nearly all native nests were eusocial, with foundresses producing small first brood (B1) females that became workers. In contrast, nine out of ten nests initiated by transplanted bees were solitary, producing female offspring that were the same size as the foundress and entered directly into hibernation. Only one of these ten nests became eusocial. Social phenotype was unlikely to be related to temperature experienced by nest foundresses when provisioning B1 offspring, or by B1 emergence time, both previously implicated in social plasticity seen in two other socially polymorphic sweat bees. Our results suggest that social polymorphism in L. calceatum predominantly reflects genetic differentiation between populations, and that plasticity is in the process of being lost by bees in northern populations. Phenotypic plasticity is thought to play a key role in the early stages of the transition from solitary to eusocial behaviour, but may then be lost if environmental conditions become less variable. Socially polymorphic sweat bees exhibit either solitary or eusocial behaviour in different geographic populations, depending on the length of the nesting season. We tested for plasticity in the socially polymorphic sweat bee Lasioglossum calceatum by transplanting nest foundresses from a northern, non-eusocial population to a southern, eusocial population. Plasticity would be detected if transplanted bees exhibited eusocial behaviour. We found that while native bees were eusocial, 90% of transplanted bees and their offspring did not exhibit traits associated with eusociality. Environmental variables such as time of offspring emergence or temperatures experienced by foundresses during provisioning could not explain these differences. Our results suggest that the ability of transplanted bees to express eusociality is being lost, and that social polymorphism predominantly reflects genetic differences between populations.

Betel quid-induced oral lichen planus: a case report.

PubMed

Stoopler, Eric T; Parisi, Ernesta; Sollecito, Thomas P

2003-04-01

The social use of betel nut is relatively common in certain geographic areas, especially India and Southeast Asia. The term betel nut does not truly describe the product that is chewed; rather, the term quid is more accurate because it refers to a substance or mixture of substances, including the areca nut, that are chewed and remain in contact with the mucosa. Betel quid is a type of quid that contains betel leaf. Chewer's mucosa and oral submucous fibrosis are clinical entities that have been associated with betel quid use. We report a case of oral lichen planus induced by betel quid use in a 79-year-old Cambodian woman.

Surgical management of nasal obstruction.

PubMed

Moche, Jason A; Palmer, Orville

2012-05-01

The proper evaluation of the patient with nasal obstruction relies on a comprehensive history and physical examination. Once the site of obstruction is accurately identified, the patient may benefit from a trial of medical management. At times however, the definitive treatment of nasal obstruction relies on surgical management. Recognizing the nasal septum, nasal valve, and turbinates as possible sites of obstruction and addressing them accordingly can dramatically improve a patient's nasal breathing. Conservative resection of septal cartilage, submucous reduction of the inferior turbinate, and structural grafting of the nasal valve when appropriate will provide the optimal improvement in nasal airflow and allow for the most stable results. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Comparison of the chemical compositions of the cuticle and the Dufour's gland of two solitary bee species from laboratory and field conditions

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The biochemistry, morphology, and function of the Dufour’s glands have been investigated for social bees and some non-social bee families. This is a gland associated with the female bee stinger but does not deliver any poison. Most of the solitary bees examined previously are ground-nesting bees t...

"Someone's Been Sleeping in My Bed!" Parental Satisfaction Associated with Solitary and Parent-Child Co-Sleeping in Israeli Families with Young Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dollberg, Daphna; Shalev, Orly; Chen, Pascale

2010-01-01

The study examined differences in parental satisfaction associated with solitary and parent-child co-sleeping in a sample (N = 61) of Israeli families with children ranging in age from 12 to 48 months (M = 28.04, SD = 10.71). Questionnaire data regarding the family sleeping arrangement, parental satisfaction with the sleeping arrangement, child…

Current structure of strongly nonlinear interfacial solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semin, Sergey; Kurkina, Oxana; Kurkin, Andrey; Talipova, Tatiana; Pelinovsky, Efim; Churaev, Egor

2015-04-01

The characteristics of highly nonlinear solitary internal waves (solitons) in two-layer flow are computed within the fully nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations with use of numerical model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MITgcm). The verification and adaptation of the model is based on the data from laboratory experiments [Carr & Davies, 2006]. The present paper also compares the results of our calculations with the computations performed in the framework of the fully nonlinear Bergen Ocean Model [Thiem et al, 2011]. The comparison of the computed soliton parameters with the predictions of the weakly nonlinear theory based on the Gardner equation is given. The occurrence of reverse flow in the bottom layer directly behind the soliton is confirmed in numerical simulations. The trajectories of Lagrangian particles in the internal soliton on the surface, on the interface and near the bottom are computed. The results demonstrated completely different trajectories at different depths of the model area. Thus, in the surface layer is observed the largest displacement of Lagrangian particles, which can be more than two and a half times larger than the characteristic width of the soliton. Located at the initial moment along the middle pycnocline fluid particles move along the elongated vertical loop at a distance of not more than one third of the width of the solitary wave. In the bottom layer of the fluid moves in the opposite direction of propagation of the internal wave, but under the influence of the reverse flow, when the bulk of the velocity field of the soliton ceases to influence the trajectory, it moves in the opposite direction. The magnitude of displacement of fluid particles in the bottom layer is not more than the half-width of the solitary wave. 1. Carr, M., and Davies, P.A. The motion of an internal solitary wave of depression over a fixed bottom boundary in a shallow, two-layer fluid. Phys. Fluids, 2006, vol. 18, No. 1, 1 - 10. 2. Thiem, O., Carr, M., Berntsen, J., and Davies, P.A. Numerical simulation of internal solitary wave-induced reverse flow and associated vortices in a shallow, two-layer fluid benthic boundary layer. Ocean Dynamics, 2011, vol. 61, No. 6, 857 - 872.

Radiotherapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma.

PubMed

Jyothirmayi, R; Gangadharan, V P; Nair, M K; Rajan, B

1997-05-01

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) are rare. High local control rates are reported with radiotherapy, although the optimal dose and extent of radiotherapy portals remains controversial. Between 1983 and 1993, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytoma were seen at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India. 23 patients had SPB and seven EMP. The mean age was 52 years and the male to female ratio 3.2:1. Diagnosis of SPB was confirmed by biopsy in 16 patients and tumour excision in seven. 20 patients received megavoltage radiotherapy to the bone lesion with limited margins, and one received chemotherapy. Two patients who underwent complete tumour excision received no further treatment. All seven patients with EMP received megavoltage radiotherapy, four following biopsy and three after tumour excision. Local control was achieved in all patients with SPB. Nine progressed to multiple myeloma and one developed a solitary plasmacytoma in another bone. Six patients with EMP achieved local control. Three later progressed to multiple myeloma and one had local relapse. Median time to relapse was 28 months in SPB and 30 months in EMP. 5-year overall survival rates were 82% and 57% for patients with SPB and EMP, respectively. The corresponding progression free survival rates were 55% and 50%, respectively. Age, sex, site of tumour, serum M protein and haemoglobin levels did not significantly influence progression free survival. The extent of surgery, radiotherapy dose or time to relapse were not significant prognostic factors. Radiotherapy appears to be an effective modality of treatment of solitary plasmacytoma. No dose-response relationship is observed, and high local control rates are achieved with limited portals. Progression to multiple myeloma is the commonest pattern of failure, although no prognostic factors for progression are identified. The role of chemotherapy in preventing disease progression needs further evaluation.

Development of sociality and emergence of independence in a killer whale (Orcinus orca) calf from birth to 36 months.

PubMed

Guarino, Sara; Hill, Heather M; Sigman, Julie

2017-01-01

Dolphin calves spend most of their time swimming with their mother immediately after birth. As they mature, the calves become increasingly independent, and begin to interact more often with other calves, juveniles, and sub-adults. For bottlenose dolphin calves, sociality is related to maternal behaviors. Unfortunately, much less is known about the development of sociality and emergence of independence for killer whale calves. The purpose of this study was to examine the developmental changes in social behaviors and solitary activities of a killer whale calf across a 36-month period. Focal follow video recordings of a mother-calf pair housed at SeaWorld San Antonio were collected 2-6 times a day for 5-15 min at 6-month intervals. Using a sample of randomly selected video recordings at each month, developmental changes in swims and social interactions with her mother, swims and social interactions with non-maternal partners, and solitary activities (e.g., solitary swims, solitary play) were observed across the months. The calf spent most of her time swimming with the mother across the 36-month period. The time the calf socialized with her mother was greater than the time she socialized with others at each month. Besides her mother, the calf socialized more often with the other adult female compared to adult males. As the calf matured, the increase in the time she spent socializing with adult killer whales other than the mother corresponded with an increase in the rate and time spent in solitary play. The developmental trends of sociality and emerging independence replicate research conducted with calves of other dolphin species. Zoo Biol. 36:11-20, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A pollinators' eye view of a shelter mimicry system.

PubMed

Vereecken, Nicolas J; Dorchin, Achik; Dafni, Amots; Hötling, Susann; Schulz, Stefan; Watts, Stella

2013-06-01

'Human-red' flowers are traditionally considered to be rather unpopular with bees, yet some allogamous species in the section Oncocyclus (genus Iris, Iridaceae) have evolved specialized interactions with their pollinators, a narrow taxonomic range of male solitary bees. The dark-red, tubular flowers of these irises are nectarless but provide protective shelters (i.e. a non-nutritive form of reward) primarily to male solitary bees (Apidae, Eucerini) that pollinate the flowers while looking for a shelter. An earlier study on orchids suggested that species pollinated predominantly by male solitary bees produce significantly larger amounts and larger numbers of different n-alkenes (unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons). Whether or not this also applies to the Oncocyclus irises and whether pollinators are attracted by specific colours or scents of these flowers is unknown. Using Iris atropurpurea, recording of pollinator preferences for shelters with different spatial parameters was combined with analyses of floral colours (by spectrophotometry) and scents (by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) to test the hypotheses that (a) pollinators significantly prefer floral tunnels facing the rising sun (floral heat-reward hypothesis), and that (b) flowers pollinated predominantly by male solitary bees produce significantly larger amounts and larger numbers of unsaturated cuticular hydrocarbons (n-alkenes) in their floral scent (preadaptation to sexual-deception hypothesis). Male bees do not significantly prefer shelters facing the rising sun or with the presence of high absolute/relative amounts and numbers of n-alkenes in the floral scent. The results suggest that the flowers of I. atropurpurea probably evolved by pollinator-mediated selection acting primarily on floral colours to mimic large achromatic ('bee-black') protective shelters used preferentially by male solitary bees, and that pollinator visits are presumably not the result of an odour-based sexual stimulation or motivated by an increased morning floral heat reward in tunnels facing the rising sun.

Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders across continents – case study of the genus Stegodyphus

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Introduction Sociality has evolved independently multiple times across the spider phylogeny, and despite wide taxonomic and geographical breadth the social species are characterized by a common geographical constrain to tropical and subtropical areas. Here we investigate the environmental factors that drive macro-ecological patterns in social and solitary species in a genus that shows a Mediterranean–Afro-Oriental distribution (Stegodyphus). Both selected drivers (productivity and seasonality) may affect the abundance of potential prey insects, but seasonality may further directly affect survival due to mortality caused by extreme climatic events. Based on a comprehensive dataset including information about the distribution of three independently derived social species and 13 solitary congeners we tested the hypotheses that the distribution of social Stegodyphus species relative to solitary congeners is: (1) restricted to habitats of high vegetation productivity and (2) constrained to areas with a stable climate (low precipitation seasonality). Results Using spatial logistic regression modelling and information-theoretic model selection, we show that social species occur at higher vegetation productivity than solitary, while precipitation seasonality received limited support as a predictor of social spider occurrence. An analysis of insect biomass data across the Stegodyphus distribution range confirmed that vegetation productivity is positively correlated to potential insect prey biomass. Conclusions Habitat productivity constrains the distribution of social spiders across continents compared to their solitary congeners, with group-living in spiders being restricted to areas with relatively high vegetation productivity and insect prey biomass. As known for other taxa, permanent sociality likely evolves in response to high predation pressure and imposes within-group competition for resources. Our results suggest that group living is contingent upon productive environmental conditions where elevated prey abundance meet the increased demand for food of social groups. PMID:23433065