Recent Cold War Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pineo, Ronn

2003-01-01

Cold War historiography has undergone major changes since the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union. For two years (1992-1993) the principal Soviet archives fell open to scholars, and although some of the richest holdings are now once again closed, new information continues to find its way out. Moreover, critical documentary information has become…

Higher Education in the U.S.S.R.: Curriculums, Schools, and Statistics. Bulletin, 1963, No. 16. OE-14088

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosen, Seymour M.

1963-01-01

The demand for basic information on Soviet higher education continues to grow. Previous bulletins on Soviet education published by the Office of Education have either been overall surveys ("Education in the U.S.S.R.," Bulletin 1957, No. 14; "Soviet Commitment to Education," Bulletin 1959, No. 16) or studies of general…

A Rocket Powered Single-Stage-to-Orbit Launch Vehicle With U.S. and Soviet Engineers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacConochie, Ian O.; Stnaley, Douglas O.

1991-01-01

A single-stage-to-orbit launch vehicle is used to assess the applicability of Soviet Energia high-pressure-hydrocarbon engine to advanced U.S. manned space transportation systems. Two of the Soviet engines are used with three Space Shuttle Main Engines. When applied to a baseline vehicle that utilized advanced hydrocarbon engines, the higher weight of the Soviet engines resulted in a 20 percent loss of payload capability and necessitated a change in the crew compartment size and location from mid-body to forebody in order to balance the vehicle. Various combinations of Soviet and Shuttle engines were evaluated for comparison purposes, including an all hydrogen system using all Space Shuttle Main Engines. Operational aspects of the baseline vehicle are also discussed. A new mass properties program entitles Weights and Moments of Inertia (WAMI) is used in the study.

Soviet test yields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vergino, Eileen S.

Soviet seismologists have published descriptions of 96 nuclear explosions conducted from 1961 through 1972 at the Semipalatinsk test site, in Kazakhstan, central Asia [Bocharov et al., 1989]. With the exception of releasing news about some of their peaceful nuclear explosions (PNEs) the Soviets have never before published such a body of information.To estimate the seismic yield of a nuclear explosion it is necessary to obtain a calibrated magnitude-yield relationship based on events with known yields and with a consistent set of seismic magnitudes. U.S. estimation of Soviet test yields has been done through application of relationships to the Soviet sites based on the U.S. experience at the Nevada Test Site (NTS), making some correction for differences due to attenuation and near-source coupling of seismic waves.

World Opinion and the Soviet Satellite: A Preliminary Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1957-01-01

Less than two weeks after the launch of Sputnik I, the United States Information Agency conducted an informal analysis of public opinion on this subject. The analysis yielded four clear conclusions: (1) Soviet claims of scientific and technological superiority were widely accepted in the United States; (2) U.S. allies were concerned about a shift in the balance of military power; (3) the overall credibility of Soviet propaganda was greatly strengthened; and (4) American prestige was dealt a severe blow. The report also concluded that the near-hysteria in the United States in turn increased the level of concern in countries friendly to the United States. An evaluation is presented.

ChE at the Erevan Polytechnic Institute Soviet Armenia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanesian, Deran

1984-01-01

Provides background information on Soviet Armenia and the Erevan Polytechnic Institute (EPI) located in this republic of the USSR. Also provides a description of chemical engineering programs and courses and faculty at the EPI. (JN)

The Fundamental Nature of Engineering Education in Russia and Belarus: A Challenge to Technological Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kotlyarov, I. V.; Kostyukevich, S. V.; Yakovleva, N. I.

2015-01-01

In this article we investigate the problem of the balance of fundamental and applied training in technical colleges through the lens of a historical analysis of the development of the Soviet school of engineering. We demonstrate that the Soviet school of engineering became overreliant on fundamental education due to historical features of its…

Soviet Economic Growth: 1928-1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

com- munications systems has little taste for the information revolution 81 (Colton, 1986, p. 170; on the general theme see also Graham, 1984 , pp. 129...much less successful. George Orwell and others viewed the development of modern com- munications and information technologies as the ultimate weapon...Bolshevik Revolution of 1917, the Soviet Union has transformed itself from an undeveloped economy into a modern indus- trial state with a GNP second

Processing and analysis of commercial satellite image data of the nuclear accident near Chernobyl, U. S. S. R

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sadowski, F.G.; Covington, S.J.

1987-01-01

Advanced digital processing techniques were applied to Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data and SPOT high-resolution visible (HRV) panchromatic data to maximize the utility of images of a nuclear power plant emergency at Chernobyl in the Soviet Ukraine. The results of the data processing and analysis illustrate the spectral and spatial capabilities of the two sensor systems and provide information about the severity and duration of the events occurring at the power plant site.

Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (With Supplementary Data through 1983). Manned Space Programs and Space Life Sciences. Part 2. Prepared at the Request of Hon. Bob Packwood, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation, United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

This report, the second of a three-part study of Soviet space programs, examines their manned space programs and reviews their quest for a permanently manned presence in space. Also included is information concerning the physiological and psychological findings related to the extended duration of Soviet manned flights and an executive summary.…

Belaya smert: the white death.

PubMed

Rodway, George W

2012-09-01

In the late autumn of 1939, shortly after Second World War had commenced, the Soviet Union invaded Finland. This act of military aggression, henceforth known to history as the Winter War, was ostensibly carried out to secure a buffer state and better protect major urban areas such as St. Petersburg (then known as Leningrad). The Red Army's attack through the forests of northern Finland was a poorly calculated operation-in the little more than 3 months that the conflict lasted, the Soviets suffered extensive losses. The hit-and-run tactics of the small, winter-savvy Finnish Army resulted in a not significant number of Red Army casualties. But from the Soviet perspective, the Finnish soldiers were merely an annoyance compared with the real enemy--the environment. Cold injury reached epidemic proportions in the Red Army during this short conflict, apparently caused in large part by ignorance of environmental realities by the Soviet high command. Paradoxically, the Soviets arguably possessed the most extensive and sophisticated body of knowledge about cold injury prevention and treatment on earth by the late 1930s. There were significant lessons learned by the Soviets during the Winter War, however. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the Red Army very successfully applied these lessons during 4 years of vicious winter battles on the Eastern Front. Copyright © 2012 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-12

Balashova; MOSKOVSKAYA PRAVDA, 24 Feb 87) ........... 73 State of Soviet Music Criticized (SOVETSKAYA KULTURA, 12 May 87) ............................ 77...methods should be applied more effectively. The sucess of the strategy of acceleration of our country’s socioeconomic development, teaches the party...planned schools 28 during the first six months of this year, and for the completion of 40 percent of all planned housing and preschool facilities. The

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 7

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, L. R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor)

1986-01-01

This is the seventh issue of NASA's USSR Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 29 papers recently published in Russian language periodicals and bound collections and of 8 new Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. Additional features include two interviews with the Soviet Union's cosmonaut physicians and others knowledgable of the Soviet space program. The topics discussed at a Soviet conference on problems in space psychology are summarized. Information about English translations of Soviet materials available to readers is provided. The topics covered in this issue have been identified as relevant to 29 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology. These areas are adaptation, biospherics, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, developmental biology, endocrinology, enzymology, exobiology, genetics, habitability and environment effects, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, mathematical modeling, metabolism, microbiology, morphology and cytology, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, nutrition, perception, personnel selection, psychology, radiobiology, and space medicine.

The Press of the Soviet Union: A Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergethon, Bruce; And Others

Compiled in response to the need for more information on the differences between the press systems of the United States and the Soviet Union, this bibliography contains 240 entries. Consisting of newspaper articles, journal articles, books, and pamphlets, the bibliography provides an overview of the different journalistic philosophies of the two…

A Visit to Kindergarten No. 490 in Minsk, Belarus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Good, Linda A.

Although opportunities for sharing information about early childhood education increased with the disbanding of the Soviet Union in 1991, knowledge about how young children are cared for and educated in countries of the former Soviet Union remains limited. This report presents observations of a kindergarten class in Minsk, Belarus conducted…

Reduction of Military Vehicle Acquisition Time and Cost through Advanced Modelling and Virtual Simulation (La reduction des couts et des delais d’acquisition des vehicules militaires par la modelisation avancee et la simulation de produit virtuel)

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-01

nations, a very thorough examination of current practices. Introduction The Applied Vehicle Technology Panel (AVT) of the Research and Technology...the introduction of new information generated by computer codes required it to be timely and presented in appropriate fashion so that it could...military competition between the NATO allies and the Soviet Union. The second was the introduction of commercial, high capacity transonic aircraft and

International Space Programs. Aerospace Education III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulmer, S. B.

This book, one in the series on Aerospace Education III, is a collection of the diverse information available regarding the international space programs. The five goals listed for the book are: to examine the Soviet space program, to understand the future of Soviet space activity, to examine other national and international space programs, to…

Teaching Russian Studies, 2nd Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winpenny, Patricia; Cadwell, Katherine Weeks; Cadwell, Louise; Harrison, Ryan; Starbird, Caroline

2004-01-01

This book is for those who want to teach about the life, history, language or culture of Russia and the former Soviet Union. Students will learn about the states of the former Soviet Union and the current political structure of Russia. Information is drawn from interviews with Russian children, traditional folktales, maps, original Russian…

International Education during the Cold War: Soviet Social Transformation and American Social Reproduction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsvetkova, Natalia

2008-01-01

During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union employed various cultural and informational and educational tools to establish and maintain friendly political regimes in foreign states. In this context international education programs became a major part of their strategy to win the "minds" and "allegiance" and to…

Soviet Science Leaders, at Meeting in U.S., Speak with Unusual Candor about Research Progress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonald, Kim

1988-01-01

Soviet and American scientists met at a meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, discussed recent research developments in a variety of disciplines and some controversial issues in science, and showed new willingness to exchange scientific information with the United States and other countries. (MSE)

Russian Studies: Teaching American Elementary-Middle School Children about Russia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Dianne

By distinguishing between the Soviet government and the Russian people in Soviet studies, teachers can assist students in forming positive but realistic attitudes about Russia. Geography, music, art, and literature offer a wealth of information about Russia. A good starting point is a discussion of Russian children: the age at which they enter…

Suggestopedia and Soviet Sleep-Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bancroft, W. Jane

This paper examines the parallels between suggestopedia and Soviet sleep-learning for learning foreign languages. Both systems are based on the idea that the acquisition of information can occur in states below the optimal level of consciousness. Hypnopedia makes use of the period of paradoxical or light sleep that usually occurs just as one is…

Attitude Change of American Tourists in the Soviet Union.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grothe, Peter

Pre- and post-travel questionnaires mailed to American tourists visiting the Soviet Union record attitude change and serve as the basis for this eight-chapter research project report. Most of the report considers the relation of various factors to attitude change, including education, level of information, language ability, sex, age, occupation,…

Education in the Soviet Zone of Germany. Bulletin, 1959, No. 26

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodenman, Paul S.

1959-01-01

The Office of Education frequently receives requests for information regarding the educational developments in the Soviet Zone of Germany. This bulletin is issued by the Office of Education as another in its longstanding series of international education publications. Unlike most bulletins in this series that are based on firsthand interviews and…

Contemporary achievements in astronautics: Salyut-7, the Vega Project and Spacelab

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kubasov, V. N.; Balebanov, V. M.; Goldovskiy, D. Y.

1986-01-01

The latest achievements in Soviet aeronautics are described; the new stage in the space program to study Venus using Soviet automated space probes, and the next space mission by cosmonauts to the Salyut-7 station. Information is also presented on the flight of the Spacelab orbiting laboratory created by Western European specialists.

Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals. Volume 42, Number 3, July-September 1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

Jane’s Information national Media Corp., Suite 307, 110 N. Royal Group Inc. 1340 Braddock Place, Suite 300, St., Alexandria, VA 22314. Alexandria, VA...22314-1651. Intl Def Ry--International Defense Review (m) Def ELect--Defense Electronics (m) No price $108.00. Jane’s Informition Group , Sentinel given...St, Alexandria, VA 22314-1696. Defense (bim) No price given. American J of Soviet Nil Studies --Journal of Soviet Forces Information Service, 601 N

Improving Student Readiness to Overcome IT-Related Obstacles during Pedagogical Interaction in Post-Soviet Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luchaninov, Dmitry; Bazhenov, Ruslan; Shtepa, Yuliya; Nikolaeva, Natalia; Tcytcarev, Andrey; Kuimova, Marina

2017-01-01

The relevance of the study deals with the importance of improvement of student readiness to overcome IT-related obstacles in post-Soviet social studies education. In this regard, this paper aims at identifying the concept of pedagogical interaction in the information and educational environment and revealing the effective use of pedagogical…

Attitudes of Major Soviet Nationalities. Volume II. The Baltics. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania.

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-06-01

acquired wide popularity (and probably snob appeal ). Kafka, Ionesco and Dostoyevsky were available to Soviet Estonians earlier than to the Russian reading...Estonia . chided as snob appeal ). Of Estonia’s 757 general schools, 556 (i.e. 71) use Estonian, 90 use Russian and 60 are mixed. 2 The same applies to...novels whicr combine literary quality with national appeal ro 2 ’), collective farm realism at its best (M. Traatl), realisti> lezcription of city life

Analysis of the Interactions between Treaties

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-01

PROVISIONS Assist ana protect against chemical weapons UIVERSALITY Research, share/exchange chemi- cals, equipment, information rela. Not applicable ting...liability in the event of injury to a Soviet inspector. U.S. escorts maintain the right to prevent Soviet inspectors from undertaking life ...updated continually through notifications for the life of the Treaty and in total at periodic intervals. The START Treaty requires a myriad of

[The overview of research on toxicological (forensic) chemistry based on the materials of the abstracts of dissertation theses. The forms and modes of information].

PubMed

Gorbacheva, N A; Orlova, A M

2012-01-01

The authors discuss the system of information about investigations on toxicological (forensic) chemistry carried out for obtaining the scientific degree as it has formed in this country. They present a review and a list of theses and their abstracts in this discipline defended during the period from 1936 to 2010. The analysis of the themes of the studies is performed with reference to the dynamics of preparation of the theses in the Soviet and post-Soviet periods.

The changing face of environmentalism in the Soviet Union

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-03-01

Igor Izodorovich Altshuler and Ruben Artyomovich Mnatsakanyan are scientific researchers in the department of geography at Moscow State University and cofounders of the Association for the Support of Ecological initiatives established by the Soviet Foundation for Social Innovations. They authored a report on glasnost and ecology in the Soviet Union published in the December 1988 ENVIRONMENT. Recently, Altshuler and Mnatsakanyan visited ENVIRONMENT's offices in Washington, D.C., and talked at length about environmental problems and issues in the USSR. This paper presents excerpts of an interview of Altshuler and Mnatsakanyan conducted by Barbara Richman, managing editor of ENVIRONMENT. They discuss environmentalmore » problems, global climate change, agriculture, lack of information on the biggest polluters, transboundary pollution, impact of recent elections on environmental policy, the use of environmental impact assessments, public information about the environment, training of reporters, environmental organizations, and lack of money and political obstacles to environmental improvements.« less

The Possibility of Soviet-American Cooperation Against Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

with a list of Soviet and American participants.) -5- The entire process was informal and democratic. John Marks and Oleg Belayev presided. One of the...Blishchenko - Professor, Chief of International Law Department, Patrice Lumumba University Gennady K. Efimov - Lawyer Vladimir P. Kuznetsov - Observer of...34Literaturnaya Gazeta" Dr. Evgueny G. Ljahov - Lawyer, Ministry of the Interior Lidia A. Madzharjan - Professor Oleg Prudkov - Foreign Editor

Soviet-American Dance Medicine. Proceedings of the Glasnost Dance Medicine Conference and Workshops (Boston, Massachusetts, May 18-19, 1990).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Micheli, Lyle, Ed.; And Others

The information shared in this document represents a dialogue between the United States and the Soviet Union on the discipline of dance medicine, which involves the care of injured dancers as well as prevention of injuries. An introduction including a preface, opening remarks, and an overview of dance medicine comprises section 1. The second…

Bringing Health Care to the Under-Served: The Mid-Level Health Practitioner in Three Countries--China, the Soviet Union, and the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kupferberg, Natalie

A comparison was made of the role of midlevel health practitioners and how they came into being and flourished in three countries: the "feldsher" of the Soviet Union, the barefoot doctor of China, and the physician assistant of the United States. Information was gathered from books, journals, periodicals, governments, and newspapers as…

Truth was an early casualty

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sich, A.R.

1996-05-01

At a May 1986 press conference in Moscow-held just 11 days after the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station-the cult of high technology was unabashedly preached to an auditorium full of shocked news correspondents and invited guests. When questioned as to the number of fatalities the accident had caused and the impact of the accident on Soviet society and the Soviet nuclear industry, A.M. Petrosyants (then chairman of the Soviet State Committee on the Utilization of Atomic Energy) responded: {open_quotes}Science requires victims.{close_quotes} The Soviet system numbered its victims in the millions. In a sense, the Chernobyl accident was justmore » one of the many misfortunes misrepresented by the Soviet government over the decades in its continuing effort to shape public perceptions of domestic disasters, natural and manmade. And yet, the international character of the Chernobyl accident, the fact that radioactive fallout knows no national boundaries, made it a watershed event. The accident exposed glaring weaknesses in the Soviet system: its backward technology, its sloppy safety standards, its inability to admit failure. And it brought to the surface many of the injustices, inefficiencies, and secrets that the Soviet government had tried to keep hidden. With the world`s spotlight focused on Chernobyl, General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev was left with little choice other than to prove to the West his dedication to reform by more fully implementing his recently announced policy of glasnost or `openness.` In turn, glasnost was a major factor that led to the demise of the Soviet Union, which embodied a system that was fundamentally at odds with freedom of expression and accessibile information. Unfortunately, old habits die hard. Ten years after the accident, many nuclear bureaucrats in the former Soviet Union, partiularly in Russia, are still too secretive and too much given to obfuscation.« less

Logistics require savvy negotiation, patience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Talboy, R.G.

In the Soviet Union, logistics are affected by the extraordinary political, social and physical environment, so that operations are virtually all art, rather than science. Furthermore, this art, as it applies to a particular project, probably does not lend itself to broad generalizations about what would work somewhere else. Each project will have its own idiosyncrasies, depending on its type and location in the vast Soviet republics, and upon the personalities involved. This article discusses only the logistics that worked out and are still evolving for the project with which the author was associated.

Soviet Youth Indoctrination

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-01

teacher "helps" students make the right decisions. Peer criticism and the encouragement of Informing on others is an important part of Soviet social ...are legal and officially recognized. The courts may even condemn 1 acts as being " socially undesirable." The court situation uses peer participation... social behavior in the test where the peers would be allowed to view the results. In the con- Adition where the adults would see the results, the

Are the Soviets Talking about Tactical Intelligence in Their Open-Source Publications?

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

tactical intelligence. The articles surveyed demonstrate that the Soviets have chosen ground reconnaissance as the basis for their tactical...overruns the enemy, drives six to seven km./deeper and forces the enemy to deploy his reserves. This information is combined’with the personal ...collecting (management) is performed. The articles surveyed deal with the regimental intelligence officer. His functions are listed; the importance of

The ethics of Soviet medical practice: behaviours and attitudes of physicians in Soviet Estonia.

PubMed

Barr, D A

1996-02-01

To study and report the attitudes and practices of physicians in a former Soviet republic regarding issues pertaining to patients' rights, physician negligence and the acceptance of gratuities from patients. Survey questionnaire administered to physicians in 1991 at the time of the Soviet breakup. Estonia, formerly a Soviet republic, now an independent state. A stratified, random sample of 1,000 physicians, representing approximately 20 per cent of practicing physicians under the age of 65. Most physicians shared information with patients about treatment risks and alternatives, with the exception of cancer patients: only a third of physicians tell the patient when cancer is suspected. Current practice at the time of the survey left patients few options when physician negligence occurred; most physicians feel that under a reformed system physician negligence should be handled within the local facility rather than by the government. It was common practice for physicians to receive gifts, tips, or preferential access to scarce consumer goods from their patients. Responses varied somewhat by facility and physician nationality. The ethics of Soviet medical practice were different in a number of ways from generally accepted norms in Western countries. Physicians' attitudes about the need for ethical reform suggest that there will be movement in Estonia towards a system of medical ethics that more closely approximates those in the West.

Constructing fertility tables for Soviet populations.

PubMed

Mazur, D P

1976-02-01

Because the 1970 Soviet Union census does not provide information on the age structure of men and women separately by sex and according to their ethnic affiliation, the 1959 USSR census data serve as the basis to infer knowledge about ethnic fertility. The model takes into account (1) the total number of births in 1960, estimated from the child-woman ratio in 1959, (2) the age structure of women in 1959, and (3) the assumed pattern of age-specific birth rates structured in terms of the modal age at childbearing and the length of the fertility age span. The results show that Ukrainians among the Slav populations ranked as the lowest with 2.07 children born per woman. Their total fertility contrasts with that of Kazakhs native to Central Asia, who reportedly according to Soviet sources had 7.46 children per woman in 1958-1959, and whose estimated rate is around 8.59 children. Extreme variations appear in the estimates of fertility among nationalities of the Caucasus region, Volga Basin, and to a lesser degree in Siberia. Official Soviet calculations of crude birth rates and age-specific rates for 15 Union Republics in 1967-1968 are transcribed and compared with the estimates for nationalities in 1959-1960. The same theoretical model used to generate the Soviet rates may be adapted under different assumptions to non-Soviet populations in other situations where the data are scanty or incomplete.

The ethics of Soviet medical practice: behaviours and attitudes of physicians in Soviet Estonia.

PubMed Central

Barr, D A

1996-01-01

OBJECTIVES: To study and report the attitudes and practices of physicians in a former Soviet republic regarding issues pertaining to patients' rights, physician negligence and the acceptance of gratuities from patients. DESIGN: Survey questionnaire administered to physicians in 1991 at the time of the Soviet breakup. SETTING: Estonia, formerly a Soviet republic, now an independent state. SURVEY SAMPLE: A stratified, random sample of 1,000 physicians, representing approximately 20 per cent of practicing physicians under the age of 65. RESULTS: Most physicians shared information with patients about treatment risks and alternatives, with the exception of cancer patients: only a third of physicians tell the patient when cancer is suspected. Current practice at the time of the survey left patients few options when physician negligence occurred; most physicians feel that under a reformed system physician negligence should be handled within the local facility rather than by the government. It was common practice for physicians to receive gifts, tips, or preferential access to scarce consumer goods from their patients. Responses varied somewhat by facility and physician nationality. CONCLUSION: The ethics of Soviet medical practice were different in a number of ways from generally accepted norms in Western countries. Physicians' attitudes about the need for ethical reform suggest that there will be movement in Estonia towards a system of medical ethics that more closely approximates those in the West. PMID:8932723

[Improved opportunities for the identification of people with a migrant background for mortality research using the example of Bremen].

PubMed

Makarova, N; Reiss, K; Zeeb, H; Razum, O; Spallek, J

2013-06-01

19.6% of Germany's population has a "migrant" background. Comprehensive epidemiological research on health and health development of this large, heterogeneous and increasingly important population group in Germany is still deficient. There is a lack of results on mortality and morbidity, particularly concerning chronic diseases and disease processes. The aim of this paper is to combine and to compare already applied methods with new methodological approaches for determining the vital status and the mortality of immigrants from Turkey and the former Soviet Union. For this purpose we used data from the state of Bremen (666 709 residents, last update 2010). We examined 2 methodological aspects: (i) possibilities for identifying immigrant background in the data of residents' registration office with different methods (onomastic, toponomastic, etc.) and (ii) opportunities for record linkage of the obtained data with the Bremen mortality index. Immigrants from Turkey and the former Soviet Union were successfully identified in databases of the residents' registration office by a combination of different methods. The combination of different methodological approaches proved to be considerably better than using one method only. Through the application of a name-based algorithm we found that Turkish immigrants comprise 6.9% of the total population living in Bremen. By combining the variables "citizenship" and "country of birth" the total population proportion of immigrants from the former Soviet Union was found to be 5%. We also identified the deceased immigrant population in Bremen. The information obtained from residents' registration office could be successfully linked by death register number with the data of the Bremen mortality index. This information can be used in further detailed mortality analyses. The results of this analysis show the existing opportunities to consider the heterogeneity of the German population in mortality research, especially by means of combination of different methods to identify the immigrant background. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Research into the Art of Teaching in the U.S.S.R., and Ways of Applying its Findings in Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skatkin, M.N.; Kraevsky, V.V.

1978-01-01

Surveys research on teaching methods in the Soviet Union and suggests how teachers can apply research findings and techniques in the classroom. Topics discussed include improving the content of education, teaching methods, organizational forms of teaching, and ways of applying the findings of research in practice. (Author/DB)

Dividing the glory of the fathers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leskov, S.

1993-05-01

theere is an intense debate between the Russian secret service and nuclear scientists on the history of Soviet nuclear weapons. The author does not wish to take sides in this controversy, but has gathered materials on the role of the intelligence service in the creation of th Soviet atomic bomb from a variety of sources. He presents in this article previously unpublished information made available to him by Colonel Vladimir Barkovski of the Russian intelligence services.

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-08

love, labor... 4 May Latvian Supreme Soviet Acitivities 90UN1929A Riga SOVETSKAYA LATVIYA in Russian 5 May 90 p 1 [LETA "Information Report...each oblast of modern diagnostic centers, an improvement in the protection of mother and child, the development of mass physical culture and sport...groups of people do not want to recognize the realities; their actions are beginning to take on a patently aggressive nature. In a recent interview

The Warsaw Pact Baltic Fleet.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

Some analysts have concluded that the Warsaw Pact already controls the Baltic Sea. As Marian K. Leighton wrote, .. .the USSR, assisted by its East German...Naval Institute Proceedings, January 1981. Baird , Gregory C., "Glavnoe Komandovanie: The Soviet Theater Command," Naval War College Review, v. 32, no... Marian K., The Soviet Threat to NATO’s Northern Flank, National Security Information Center, Inc., 1979. 128 Libbey, Miles A., "The Missing Link," U. S

U.S. Technology Transfer to the Soviet Union: A Dilemma

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

University, Mikhael Kuzmin and Russian Drama, 1906-1936; Edith W. Clowes, 10 months at the Moscow State University, Friedrich Nietzsche in Russia, 1890...According to Representative Paul Findley’s article in the Congressional Record, 54 - The Soviet "students" are far older than their American...relay point for orders for copies of articles from publishers, libraries, and information centers. NTIS said that the following design goals were met

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-08-16

large industrial associations, is of interest also. I believe that the transition of professional party and, yes, soviet officials to the party...behalf of the whole people and monopolizing the truth is still strong among certain informal leaders. I would like to hope that they learn the lessons...relations. As a whole, the increase in the industrial product in the 4 years constituted only 5.8 percent compared with the targeted 18 percent. There

Opioid Use Trajectories, Injection Drug Use and HCV Risk among Young Adult Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union Living in New York City

PubMed Central

Guarino, Honoria; Marsch, Lisa A.; Deren, Sherry; Straussner, Shulamith L.A.; Teper, Anastasia

2015-01-01

Available evidence suggests that young former Soviet Union immigrants in New York City have high rates of non-medical prescription opioid and heroin use, drug injection and injection-related risk behavior, making them vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, overdose and associated harms. This group has been the focus of little research, however. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data from 80 former Soviet immigrants (ages 18–29) to characterize their opioid use trajectories, injection risk behavior, HCV/HIV testing histories and self-reported HCV/HIV serostatus, and provides clinically meaningful data to inform tailored education, prevention and harm reduction interventions. PMID:26132715

Opioid Use Trajectories, Injection Drug Use, and Hepatitis C Virus Risk Among Young Adult Immigrants from the Former Soviet Union Living in New York City.

PubMed

Guarino, Honoria; Marsch, Lisa A; Deren, Sherry; Straussner, Shulamith L A; Teper, Anastasia

2015-01-01

Available evidence suggests that young former Soviet Union immigrants in New York City have high rates of non-medical prescription opioid and heroin use, drug injection and injection-related risk behavior, making them vulnerable to hepatitis C virus (HCV)/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, overdose and associated harms. This group has been the focus of little research, however. This paper presents quantitative and qualitative data from 80 former Soviet immigrants (ages 18-29) to characterize their opioid use trajectories, injection risk behavior, HCV/HIV testing histories and self-reported HCV/HIV serostatus, and provides clinically meaningful data to inform tailored education, prevention and harm reduction interventions.

A Focused Comparison of Soviet and American National Interests in Southwest Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

betweeQn Paj controlled India and Afghanistan is still blamed as a false political border, which unl.nowingiy cut Pashtu tribal areas apart and...Le’gun ’La de:5%r’t after the sta:rt of t;a- p jh~o.3 Vvoper’t sags. ’Heo’t surolýL and cholera Claimed 1.1: ma,:ni.1 lives5 in Uiat iostIL port of...expansionist aims. At one point it wva5 rumored that the Soviets were applying pressure to Afghanistan to admit just as many Russians as Americans to their

Logistic Support and Insurgency. Guerrilla Sustainment and Applied Lessons of Soviet Insurgent Warfare: Why it Should Still be Studied

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-10-01

In su rgen t War fa re : Why I t Shou ld S t i l l Be S tud ied Graham H. Turbivi l le, J r. The views expressed in this publication are...Department of the Army, Office of the Chief of Military Histo- ry, draft translation of an assessment by D . Karov and V . Voizhanin, “Supply of Partisan...commanded by Hero of the Soviet Union V . S . Grizodubov. They carried out landings at partisan airfields, trans- ferred wounded soldiers, women and children

A critical review of the state of foreign space technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grey, J.; Gerard, M.

1978-01-01

A conference was held to exchange technical information in the area of space technology. Soviet system capability and technology both in Intersputnik and in the domestic Ekran system was discussed in detail. The thermonic power conversion system used in the Soviet Topaz nuclear power reactor was described in detail. Other areas of examination included: (1) Bioastronautics; (2) Space based industry; (3) Propulsion; (4) Astrodynamics; (5) Contact with extraterrestrial intelligence; and (6) Space rescue and safety.

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Military Affairs.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-03

JPRS-UMA-88-008 1 ö U ü / b 3 MAY 1988 !■■■■■ «■■■If FOREIGN BROADCAST INFORMATION SERVICE JP/? S Report— Soviet Union Military Affairs...Appro-rod for pab&e miaä^T REPRODUCED BY U S . DEPARTMENTOFCOMMERCE i NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATIONSERVICE SPRINGFIELD, VA 22161 (Q...Agencies [Lt Gen Justice S . Maksimov; Moscow KRASNAYA ZVEZDA, 4 Dec 87] 13 Col Gen Babyev on Afghan Veterans’ Benefits [Col Gen VBabyev; Moscow

Problems of Primary Education Today

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dubova, M. V.

2014-01-01

Primary education in Russia has failed to adapt to the needs of post-Soviet society, and is still based on rote learning and memorization instead of learning through discovery and learning to use and apply what is learned.

Counterspace Operations for Information Dominance

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-03-01

INTERNET DOCUMENT INFORMATION FORM A. Report Title: Counterspace perations for Information Dominance B. DATE Report Downloaded From the Internet 3/10...Representative for resolution. Counterspace perations for Information Dominance by James G. Lee INTRODUCTION The Problem The launch of the Soviet...information gap between friendly and enemy forces. This positive information gap has been referred to as information dominance . Information Dominance The

Stranger than Fiction. Soviet Submarine Operations in Swedish Waters

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

information. Coupled with Gorbachev’s political agenda in Europe, the changes he has instituted within the military command structure , and his early moves to...Defee, 1SS, pp. 29-37, 39-45. nAUp.l, 1963, pp. 270-271. For the initWl wacount of Swodish ction during thetHms de icident, me Andixaubw Operatio in...established and have been matched by a series of key changes in the Soviet wartime command structure , force structure and organization, military logistics

Soviet-French working group interpretation of the scientific information during the search for celestial sources of gamma pulses, abstract of reports, 24-30 March 1977

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Estulin, I. V.

1977-01-01

The progress made and techniques used by the Soviet-French group in the study of gamma and X ray pulses are described in abstracts of 16 reports. Experiments included calibration and operation of various recording instruments designed for measurements involving these pulses, specifically the location of sources of such pulses in outer space. Space vehicles are utilized in conjunction with ground equipment to accomplish these tests.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garner, W.V.

The problem investigated here is how Soviet perceptions of particular military threats, in this case from NATO's new INF missiles, affect their arms control negotiating policy. This study most closely examines Soviet writings in the 1979-83 period and relies on extensive interviewing, sponsored by IREX, at the Soviet Academy of Sciences Institutes. It attempts to distinguish between Soviet portrayals and real perceptions of the military and political threats from the 1983 INF deployments. It explores how such Soviet assessments interrelate with Soviet military doctrine and broader foreign policy strategies, and how perceptions might differ among Soviet analysts and officials. Itmore » is divided into six chapters: (1) Historical Perspectives; (2) Soviet Threat Portrayals; (3) Evaluating Soviet Threat Portrayals; (4) Soviet Military Doctrine and the INF Threat; (5) Soviet Political-Military Interests at the INF Negotiations; (6) The Soviet Net Assessment. The study finds that Soviet threat portrayals are loosely consistent with Soviet perceptions of the potential threat, especially from an extended-range Pershing missile against their National Command Authorities.« less

Health status of Russian minorities in former Soviet Republics.

PubMed

Groenewold, W G F; van Ginneken, J K

2011-08-01

To examine if, and to what extent, disparities in health status exist between ethnic Russians and the native majority populations of four former Soviet Republics; and to determine to what extent indicators of socio-economic status and lifestyle behaviours explain variations in health status. Data from the World Health Organization's World Health Surveys of former Soviet Republics that include information on ethnicity (i.e. Estonia, Latvia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Russia) were used. Russia was included as the benchmark population as it is the country of origin of ethnic Russians. Data were collected from respondents aged ≥25 years in 2001-2003. Principal component analysis was used to derive the Health Status Index and Household Wealth Index. Multiple classification analysis was applied to examine the effects of the determinants on health status, including ethnic group membership. In Estonia and Kazakhstan, ethnic Russians have, on average, a lower health status than members of the majority population, while their health status is higher in Ukraine. Higher levels of material wealth, educational attainment and physical activity were associated with a higher health status. The association of these variables with health status was often stronger than the association between ethnic group membership and health status. Differences in health status between Russian ethnic minorities and the majority populations were found in Estonia and Kazakhstan, but were non-existent in Latvia and were the opposite of what was expected in Ukraine. Use of the Health Status Index in combination with multiple classification analysis proved to be a useful approach to examine health status differentials, and to identify and profile vulnerable groups in a society. Copyright © 2011 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 32: A new era in international technical communication: American-Russian collaboration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flammia, Madelyn; Barclay, Rebecca O.; Pinelli, Thomas E.; Keene, Michael L.; Burger, Robert H.; Kennedy, John M.

1993-01-01

Until the recent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party exerted a strict control of access to and dissemination of scientific and technical information (STI). This article presents models of the Soviet-style information society and the Western-style information society and discusses the effects of centralized governmental control of information on Russian technical communication practices. The effects of political control on technical communication are then used to interpret the results of a survey of Russian and U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning the time devoted to technical communication, their collaborative writing practices and their attitudes toward collaboration, the kinds of technical documents they produce and use, their views regarding the appropriate content for an undergraduate technical communication course, and their use of computer technology. Finally, the implications of these findings for future collaboration between Russian and U.S. engineers and scientists are examined.

NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. XXXII - A new era in international technical communication: American-Russian collaboration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flammia, Madelyn; Barclay, Rebecca O.; Pinelli, Thomas E.; Keene, Michael L.; Burger, Robert H.; Kennedy, John M.

1993-01-01

Until the recent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party exerted a strict control of access to and dissemination of scientific and technical information. This article presents models of the Soviet-style information society and the Western-style information society and discusses the effects of centralized governmental control of information on Russian technical communication practices. The effects of political control on technical communication are then used to interpret the results of a survey of Russian and U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning the time devoted to technical communication, their collaborative writing practices and their attitudes toward collaboration, the kinds of technical documents they produce and use, their views regarding the appropriate content for an undergraduate technical communication course, and their use of computer technology. Finally, the implications of these findings for future collaboration between Russian and U.S. engineers and scientists are examined.

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Rail Inspection Information Exchange

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-06-01

This trip report describes the results and conclusions of the U.S. delegation resulting from the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Rail Inspection Information exchange tour of the Soviet Union, August 24 through September 1, 1975. This information exchange was conducted...

Around the World in Science Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rubino, Ann M; Duerling, Carolyn K.

1991-01-01

Interdisciplinary learning modules called "Maude Visits..." are described. The modules apply basic scientific concepts to current and future problems facing people in various countries such as the Soviet Union. Activities using maps, money, and convection currents are included. (KR)

Yield Estimation for Semipalatinsk Underground Nuclear Explosions Using Seismic Surface-wave Observations at Near-regional Distances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adushkin, V. V.

- A statistical procedure is described for estimating the yields of underground nuclear tests at the former Soviet Semipalatinsk test site using the peak amplitudes of short-period surface waves observed at near-regional distances (Δ < 150 km) from these explosions. This methodology is then applied to data recorded from a large sample of the Semipalatinsk explosions, including the Soviet JVE explosion of September 14, 1988, and it is demonstrated that it provides seismic estimates of explosion yield which are typically within 20% of the yields determined for these same explosions using more accurate, non-seismic techniques based on near-source observations.

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, L. R. (Editor); Radtke, M. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Rowe, J. E. (Editor)

1986-01-01

This is the sixth issue of NASA's USSR Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 54 papers recently published in Russian language periodicals and bound collections and of 10 new Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. Additional features include a table of Soviet EVAs and information about English translations of Soviet materials available to readers. The topics covered in this issue have been identified as relevant to 26 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology. These areas are adaptation, biospherics, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, developmental biology, endocrinology, enzymology, exobiology, genetics, habitability and environment effects, health and medical treatment, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, mathematical modeling, metabolism., microbiology, morphology and cytology, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, nutrition, perception, personnel selection, psychology, radiobiology, reproductive biology, and space medicine.

Jinneography: Post-Soviet passages of traumatic exemplarity.

PubMed

Beigi, Khashayar

2016-04-01

While Russia has historically and geographically close ties with Islam, the second most-practiced religion in its vast territories, the collapse of the USSR changed the terms of this relationship in significant ways. One key shift is the emergence of new immigration patterns between Russia and former Soviet states. Traversing distant lands from the peripheries of the Caucasus and Central Asia to mainland Russia in search of work, migrants have come to recognize each other as fellow Muslims dispersed in a theological geography on the ruins of the universal comradeship dreamed by the Soviet utopia. I propose to study the Islamic pedagogical practice of ibra in the context of sociohistorical dynamics of education and migration between Russia and Central Asia to further locate and analyze this shift in relation to current debates on post-Soviet subjectivity. By discussing the case of a spirit possession of a Tajik national performed in Russia, I argue that the collective participation in the session pedagogically invokes, ciphers, and extends the post-Soviet terrains of history as ibra, or exemplary passage of worldly events. To do so, I first locate the Quranic concept of ibra as a pedagogical paradigm in Islamic traditions as well as an ethnographic lens in the context of educational campaigns for the Muslims of Eurasia and then apply the concept to my analysis of the possession session in order to show that in the ritualistic incarnations of ghosts, or jinns, the civil war of Tajikistan and its continuing cycle of terror is ciphered into a desire for learning, as well as a focus on approximation to the divine. © The Author(s) 2015.

A Physiological Approach to the Study of Human Information Processing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fletcher, James E.

Soviet neuropsychologist Sokolov's notions of tonic and phasic orienting responses and of defense responses are examined for relevance to individual information processing. The phasic orienting response provides an index to attention and to information demands generated by the cerebral cortex. The sum of orienting responses elicted by a message…

The Soviet Union and the Third World. Part 2: Agenda for the 1990s

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

1959, the year when Castro was in power but not yet a full-fledged Marxist-Leninist, and Felipe Pazos ran the economy. And after Costa Rica the most...of information is estimated to average 1 houj per response includig the time for revwirq Pn•[rucbi ns, aar et ng data sources a henng and maintaini...2 REPORT DATE 3 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED a , Jan 84 Final: JANUARY 1984 4, TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5 FUNDING NUMBERS THE SOVIET UNION AND THE THIRD

The People of the Soviet Union. Sixth Grade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reikofski, Joyce

This sixth grade teaching unit covers Soviet propaganda, communism, relations with the United States, Soviet geography, Soviet arts, and Soviet life. Unit goals address the above content areas, map skills, and an attitudinal goal of helping students to develop a sense of respect for the life of Soviet citizens. Behavioral objectives are keyed to…

Informacion Bibliografica: Ano 3, Num. 9, Enero-Febrero, 1972 (Bibliographic Information: Volume 3, Number 9, January-February 1972).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez Martinez, Antonio L., Ed.

This bulletin contains several articles on various topics concerning information science. The first article is a report on the November 1971 Seminar on Documentation and Pedagogical Information in Latin America held in Panama. The second article, entitled "Informatica," provides a discussion of information science by three Soviet writers;…

Transformation of environmental conditions in large former Soviet countries: regional analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bityukova, V. R.; Borovikov, M. S.

2018-01-01

The article studies changes in the structure of environmental conditions of regions in the large former Soviet countries (case study of Russia and Kazakhstan) that have formed considerable contrasts in the placement of industrial complex and population settlement during the previous development stages. The changes related to the transition to market economy have led to essential transformation of environmental conditions. A complex index allowing to assess changes at the regional level in Kazakhstan and Russia and to reveal main similarities and differences between those changes is applied to studying the transformation of regional and industry structure. The article examines both industry-specific and spatial patterns forming environmental conditions at the regional level.

Reading for the Masses: Popular Soviet Fiction, 1976-80. Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedberg, Maurice

Noting that Soviet prose, drama, and poetry reveal the nuances of the moods and policies fostered by the Soviet government while reflecting the Soviet reading public's interests and aspirations, this report describes a study of the values and attitudes by which the Soviets live as reflected in the literature published in Soviet literary magazines…

Verbal Regulation of Motor Behavior-Soviet Research and Non-Soviet Replications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wozniak, R. H.

1972-01-01

Soviet investigation of the development of verbal inhibition of preseverative manual behavior are reviewed. Non-soviet investigations of verbal-manual interaction are considered in relation to the Soviet view of the development of voluntary behavior; and it is argued, on the basis of this evidence, that the Soviet position need not stand or fall…

Dynamics of soil carbon stocks due to large-scale land use changes across the former Soviet Union during the 20th century

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurganova, Irina; Prishchepov, Alexander V.; Schierhorn, Florian; Lopes de Gerenyu, Valentin; Müller, Daniel; Kuzyakov, Yakov

2016-04-01

Land use change is a major driver of land-atmosphere carbon (C) fluxes. The largest net C fluxes caused by LUC are attributed to the conversion of native unmanaged ecosystems to croplands and vice versa. Here, we present the changes of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks in response to large-scale land use changes in the former Soviet Union from 1953-2012. Widespread and rapid conversion of native ecosystems to croplands occurred in the course of the Virgin Lands Campaign (VLC) between 1954 to 1963 in the Soviet Union, when more than 45 million hectares (Mha) were ploughed in south-eastern Russia and northern Kazakhstan in order to expand domestic food production. After 1991, the collapse of the Soviet Union triggered the abandonment of around 75 Mha across the post-Soviet states. To assess SOC dynamics, we generated a static cropland mask for 2009 based on three global cropland maps. We used the cropland mask to spatially disaggregate annual sown area statistics at province level based on the suitability of each plot for crop production, which yielded land use maps for each year from 1954 to 2012 for all post-Soviet states. To estimate the SOC-dynamics due to the VLC and post-Soviet croplands abandonment, we used available experimental data, own field measurements, and soil maps. A bookkeeping approach was applied to assess the total changes in SOC-stocks in response to large-scale land use changes in the former Soviet Union. The massive croplands expansion during VLC resulted in a substantial loss of SOC - 611±47 Mt C and 241±11 Mt C for the upper 0-50 cm soil layer during the first 20 years of cultivation for Russia and Kazakhstan, respectively. These magnitudes are similar to C losses due to the plowing up of the prairies in USA in the mid-1930s. The total SOC sequestration due to post-Soviet croplands abandonment was estimated at 72.2±6.0 Mt C per year from 1991 to 2010. This amount of carbon equals about 40% of the current fossil fuel emission for this territory or about 7% of global C loss due to land-use change. However, recent recultivation of abandoned croplands in Russia and Kazakhstan can lead to release more labile forms of SOC stored on abandoned lands during last two decades. Since 2001, about 80 Mt of new sequestered SOC has been lost due to current programs on agricultural development in Russia and Kazakhstan. Our results demonstrate the large effects of land-use policies and institutional changes for the national and global C budgets during the last century.

IAS telecommunication infrastructure and value added network services provided by IASNET

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smirnov, Oleg L.; Marchenko, Sergei

The topology of a packet switching network for the Soviet National Centre for Automated Data Exchange with Foreign Computer Networks and Databanks (NCADE) based on a design by the Institute for Automated Systems (IAS) is discussed. NCADE has partners all over the world: it is linked to East European countries via telephone lines while satellites are used for communication with remote partners, such as Cuba, Mongolia, and Vietnam. Moreover, there is a connection to the Austrian, British, Canadian, Finnish, French, U.S. and other western networks through which users can have access to databases on each network. At the same time, NCADE provides western customers with access to more than 70 Soviet databases. Software and hardware of IASNET use data exchange recommendations agreed with the International Standard Organization (ISO) and International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT). Technical parameters of IASNET are compatible with the majority of foreign networks such as DATAPAK, TRANSPAC, TELENET, and others. By means of IASNET, the NCADE provides connection of Soviet and foreign users to information and computer centers around the world on the basis of the CCITT X.25 and X.75 recommendations. Any information resources of IASNET and value added network services, such as computer teleconferences, E-mail, information retrieval system, intelligent support of access to databanks and databases, and others are discussed. The topology of the ACADEMNET connected to IASNET over an X.25 gateway is also discussed.

Adapting Agricultural Water Use to Climate Change in a Post-Soviet Context: Challenges and Opportunities in Southeast Kazakhstan.

PubMed

Barrett, Tristam; Feola, Giuseppe; Khusnitdinova, Marina; Krylova, Viktoria

2017-01-01

The convergence of climate change and post-Soviet socio-economic and institutional transformations has been underexplored so far, as have the consequences of such convergence on crop agriculture in Central Asia. This paper provides a place-based analysis of constraints and opportunities for adaptation to climate change, with a specific focus on water use, in two districts in southeast Kazakhstan. Data were collected by 2 multi-stakeholder participatory workshops, 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews, and secondary statistical data. The present-day agricultural system is characterised by enduring Soviet-era management structures, but without state inputs that previously sustained agricultural productivity. Low margins of profitability on many privatised farms mean that attempts to implement integrated water management have produced water users associations unable to maintain and upgrade a deteriorating irrigation infrastructure. Although actors engage in tactical adaptation measures, necessary structural adaptation of the irrigation system remains difficult without significant public or private investments. Market-based water management models have been translated ambiguously to this region, which fails to encourage efficient water use and hinders adaptation to water stress. In addition, a mutual interdependence of informal networks and formal institutions characterises both state governance and everyday life in Kazakhstan. Such interdependence simultaneously facilitates operational and tactical adaptation, but hinders structural adaptation, as informal networks exist as a parallel system that achieves substantive outcomes while perpetuating the inertia and incapacity of the state bureaucracy. This article has relevance for critical understanding of integrated water management in practice and adaptation to climate change in post-Soviet institutional settings more broadly.

Mechanisation and Automation of Information Library Procedures in the USSR.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Batenko, A. I.

Scientific and technical libraries represent a fundamental link in a complex information storage and retrieval system. The handling of a large volume of scientific and technical data and provision of information library services requires the utilization of computing facilities and automation equipment, and was started in the Soviet Union on a…

The Soviet Road to Olympus. Theory and Practice of Soviet Physical Culture and Sport. Occasional Papers/19.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shneidman, N. Norman

Serving as an introduction to Soviet physical education which endeavors to give a concise outline of the organizational structure and the theoretical foundatons of Soviet sport, this book attempts to discuss Soviet physical education in relation to Soviet education and culture generally and to examine critically the practical applications of the…

USSR Report, Military Affairs, No. 1807.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-25

INFORMATION SERVICE REPRODUCED BY NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPRINGFIELD, VA . 22161 5? 70 f JPRS...military horizon. The youths listen to lectures by Heroes of the Soviet Union K. Suraganov, D. Moroz , P. Blinov, T. Azhimov, and V. Krechetov, twice Hero

Negotiation from weakness: Concept, model, and application to strategic negotiations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tangredi, S.J.

Analysis of the dynamics of asymmetrical negotiations requires the development of the novel concept of negotiation from weakness. A nation is assumed to be negotiating from weakness when the elements of national power place it at a relative disadvantage in achieving the desired objectives of a particular set of negotiations. Successful negotiation from weakness is the adoption and application of negotiating strategies and tactics (subjective elements) that nullify the possible effects of an asymmetry in objective power potential. Once developed, the model is applied to arms control negotiations between the United States and Soviet Union in 1962-1972, a period inmore » which the United States was assumed to be strategically superior. Outcomes of the arms control negotiations examined suggests that the Soviet Union attempted to utilize strategies and tactics appropriate to the negotiating from weakness situation. The success of the Soviet Union is reversing the perceived strategic balance by 1972, implies that the concept of successful negotiating from weakness is a viable approach to the examination of asymmetrical negotiations involving security issues.« less

The Ethnic Factor in the Soviet Armed Forces. The Muslim Dimension

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

Muslim conscripts into effective soldiers. The types of problems that a Muslim conscript presents for the Soviet military can be narrowed to two categories ... categories : ability and reliability. ETHNICITY AND DEMOGRAPHICS The major Soviet Muslim ethnic groups are creations of the Soviet regime, dating back to...avoid such embarrassments in the future. viii SOVIET MILITARY REFORM The predominantly coercive type of compliance previously used by the Soviet military

Advancing further the history of Soviet psychology: moving forward from dominant representations in Western and Soviet psychology.

PubMed

González Rey, Fernando L

2014-02-01

This article discusses the works of some Soviet scholars of psychology, their theoretical positions, and the times within which their works were developed. Dominant representations of Soviet psychology and some of the main Soviet authors are revisited in the light of a blending of facts actively associated with their emergence in both Soviet and Western psychology. From the beginning, Soviet psychology was founded upon Marxism. However, the ways by which that psychology pretended to become Marxist in its philosophical basis were diverse and often contradictory. Other philosophical and theoretical positions also influenced Soviet psychologists. Different moments of that contradictory process are discussed in this article, and through this, I bring to light their interrelations and the consequences for the development of Soviet psychology. This article reinterprets several myths found within Soviet psychology, in which different theoretical representations have become institutionalized for long periods in both Soviet and Western psychology. Particular attention is given to identifying the conditions that presented Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev as part of the same paradigm, and which paved the way for a perception of Leontiev and his group as paralleling Vygotsky's importance among American psychologists. Many of the sources that are used in this article were published in Soviet psychology only after the 1970s. Unlike the different and interesting works that began to appear on diverse trends in Soviet psychology, this article details in depth the articulation of topics and questions that still now are presented as different chapters in the analysis of Soviet psychology.

The superdeep well of the Kola Peninsula

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kozlovsky, Y.A.

1986-01-01

The structure of continental crusts is a subject of ever increasing importance in the geological sciences. Over 15 years ago, Soviet scientist began drilling a superdeep well on the Kola Peninsula near Murmansk. The well has reached a depth of 12 km and is thereby the deepest well in the world, yielding a vast amount of information on the structure of the continental crust. The geological, geophysical and technological data from the Kola well were initially published in a monographic account entitled ''Kol'skaja sverchglubokaja''. This English translation makes the results available to non-Soviet scientists as well.

[Outstanding Soviet zoologist and parasitologist E. N. Pavlovsky--the creator of the theory of natural foci of disease].

PubMed

Pavlovskyĭ, L N

2011-01-01

The article presents information on the outstanding Soviet Zoology and Parasitology, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labour, Lieutenant-General of the Medical Service E. N. Pavlovsky, the author of more than 1500 scientific papers, the founder of scientific school, one of the few scholars the twentieth century, approaching the level of scientists and encyclopedists. Considered its contribution to the study of natural foci of diseases has promoted the development of environmental trends in parasitology.

Trends in high-speed camera development in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics /USSR/ and People's Republic of China /PRC/

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hyzer, W. G.

1981-10-01

Significant advances in high-speed camera technology are being made in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) and People's Republic of China (PRC), which were revealed to the author during recent visits to both of these countries. Past and present developments in high-speed cameras are described in this paper based on personal observations by the author and on private communications with other technical observers. Detailed specifications on individual instruments are presented in those specific cases where such information has been revealed and could be verified.

Atlas of the Soviet Union.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Harry F.

This atlas consists of 20 maps, tables, charts, and graphs with complementary text illustrating Soviet government machinery, trade and political relations, and military stance. Some topics depicted by charts and graphs include: (1) Soviet foreign affairs machinery; (2) Soviet intelligence and security services; (4) Soviet position in the United…

Economic Bases for Lessening U.S.-Soviet Tensions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Lester R.

1982-01-01

Discusses how the increasing Soviet dependence on American grain can be used to reduce international tensions. Soviet agricultural policies could affect worker morale and the entire Soviet political system. President Reagan is well-positioned to engage the Soviets in serious discussions of reductions in both nuclear and conventional weapons. (AM)

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 37: The impact of political control on technical communications: A comparative study of Russian and US aerospace engineers and scientists

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barclay, Rebecca O.; Pinelli, Thomas E.; Flammia, Madelyn; Kennedy, John M.

1994-01-01

Until the recent dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Communist Party exerted a strict control of access to and dissemination of scientific and technical information (STI). This article presents models of the Soviet-style information society and the Western-style information society and discusses the effects of centralized governmental control of information on Russian technical communication practices. The effects of political control on technical communication are then used to interpret the results of a survey of Russian and U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists concerning the time devoted to technical communication, their collaborative writing practices and their attitudes toward collaboration, the kinds of technical documents they produce and use, and their use of computer technology, and their use of and the importance to them of libraries and technical information centers. The data are discussed in terms of tentative conclusions drawn from the literature. Finally, we conclude with four questions concerning government policy, collaboration, and the flow of STI between Russian and U.S. aerospace engineers and scientists.

Standardization of the Principal Processes in Scientific and Technical Information and Librarianship in the U.S.S.R.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haritonov, R. P.

1971-01-01

An important feature of standardization work in the Soviet Union is the preparation and establishment of State standards enabling unified systems to be introduced for documentation, classification, coding and technical and economic information, as well as standards for all kinds of information storage media. (Author/MM)

Military objectives in Soviet foreign policy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McGwire, M.

1987-01-01

The Soviet Union's military developments and the size of its armed forces strongly influence Western assumptions about Soviet foreign policy. The author shows how the need to plan for the contingency of world war has shaped Soviet policy, resulting in a force structure often perceived as far in excess of legitimate defense needs. In this book the motivations underlying Soviet policy are investigated as thoroughly as the military posture is examined. According to the author, a doctrinal decision in late 1966 about the likely nature of a world war resulted in a basic change in Soviet strategic objectives. Corresponding changesmore » occurred in operational concepts, the approach to arms control, and policy in the third world. The necessary restructuring of Soviet forces took place during the 1970s and 1980s. This book identifies the old and new hierarchies of strategic objectives, analyzes the implications of the shift, and deduces the Soviet operational plan for waging world war, should it prove inescapable. This plan explains the structure of Soviet strategic forces and their military posture in Euro-Atlantic, Asian-Pacific, and Indo-Arabian regions. Decisions taken in the 1967-68 and 1976-77 periods explain much of current Soviet policy. However, Soviet-American relations sharply deteriorated between 1978 and 1983. The author also considers the kind of decisions that the Soviets may have taken in recent years in response to these developments.« less

Soviet research on crystal channeling of charged particle beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kassel, S.

1985-03-01

This report presents an overview of Soviet research in charged particle beam channeling in crystals from 1972 to the present, and the resulting electromagnetic emission, including Soviet proposals for channeling emission lasers in the X-ray region of the spectrum. It analyzes Soviet attitudes toward crystal channeling of charged particles as a subject of research, describes performers of the research, and indicates the level of effort involved. It presents a brief history of crystal channeling research, the differences between channeling and other kinds of electromagnetic radiation, the definition of the main research issues, and estimates of the potential capabilities of channeling radiation, all based on the Soviet viewpoint. It then describes Soviet proposals for laser systems utilizing the channeling radiation mechanism, and analyzes Soviet experimental work involving the observation and measurement of channeling radiation. The author concludes that the outstanding feature of Soviet research in this area is the optimistic belief of Soviet specialists in the technological potential of this research, but finds that the role of the laser proposals in Soviet planning is ambiguous.

Soviet scientists speak out

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holloway, D.

1993-05-01

In this article, Russian bomb designers answer the KGB's claim that espionage, not science, produced the Soviet bomb. Yuli Khariton and Yuri Smirnov wholly reject the argument that Soviet scientists can claim little credit for the first Soviet bomb. In a lecture delivered at the Kurchatov Institute, established in 1943 when Igor Kurchatov became the director of the Soviet nuclear weapons project, Khariton and Smironov point to the work done by Soviet nuclear physicists before 1941 and refute assertions that have been made in Western literature regarding the hydrogen bomb.

Soviet short-range nuclear forces: flexible response or flexible aggression. Student essay

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, T.R.

1987-03-23

This essay takes a critical look at Soviet short-range nuclear forces in an effort to identify Soviet capabilities to fight a limited nuclear war with NATO. From an analysis of Soviet military art, weapon-system capabilities and tactics, the author concludes that the Soviets have developed a viable limited-nuclear-attack option. Unless NATO reacts to this option, the limited nuclear attack may become favored Soviet option and result in the rapid defeat of NATO.

Soviet News and Propaganda Highlights from Red Star (The Official Newspaper of the Soviet Defense Establishment) for the Period 1-30 April 1981.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

intended to provide daily guidance to the Soviet military political cadre concerning domestic and international issues/events. Men and women in the Soviet... soldier . PART I. SOVIET PERCEPTIONS OF INTERNATIONAL EVENTS. in April 1981, approximately 30 percent of the total space in Red Star re- ported events...of Husak’s speech was reprinted in Red Star. A great number of articles stressed friendship between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia. In Bulgaria

Carbon in the Former Soviet Union: The Current Balance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodwell, G. M.; Stone, T. A.; Houghton, R. A.

1997-01-01

This work has been carried out in a period of great changes in Russia that have brought extreme hardships to the scientific community. We have been fortunate in establishing excellent relationships with the Russian scientific community and believe we have helped to retain coherence in circumstances where the continuation of research was in doubt. We have learned much and have been effective in advancing, even establishing, scholars and programs in Russia that might not otherwise have survived the transition. The vigor of the International Boreal Forest Research Association (IBFRA) is one sign of the value and success of these activities. Largely due to the current political and economic transitions in the former Soviet Union, the forests of much of the FSU are under reduced logging pressure. In addition, there is a decline in air pollution as heavy industry has waned, at least for now. Russian forestry statistics and our personal experience indicate a decline, perhaps as high as 60%, in forest harvesting over the last few years. But, new international market pressures on the forests exist in European Russia and in the Far East. The central government, still the "owner" of Russian forests, is having difficulty maintaining control over forest use and management particularly in the Far East and among the southern territories that have large, nonRussian ethnic populations. Extraordinarily large areas of mixed forest and grasslands, sparse or open forests, and mixed forests and tundra must be considered when calculating forest area It is insufficient to think of Russia as simply forest and nonforest Forest productivity, measured as growth of timber, appears to be in decline in all areas of Russia except in European Russia. Most information and publications on the recent history of these forests is heavily dependent on statistical data from the Soviet era. The interpretation of these data is very much open to debate. Anatoly Shwidenko, a long term collaborator and former senior scientist (mensuration) for the Soviet Committee on Forests, now a scholar at the International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Vienna, has provided abundant contributions from the data available to him and from his experience. Forest stand carbon is concentrated in the Russian Far East (i.e. Primorski Kray), Central-Southern Siberia and European Russia But, soil carbon can be 10 times forest stand C. Our efforts in mapping the area and changes in area (as well as the internal structure) of forests have made major contributions to our joint understanding of the scale and status of these forests. To realize the importance of this contribution one needs only to recognize that any large scale Soviet-era maps of the area did not include latitude and longitude. Even today, there is great reluctance to provide these data, the basis of any GIS.

Soviet Concepts of Ballistic Missile Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

manned space operations, ABM Treaty, SDI 19 Abstract (continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number The purpose of this thesis is to...THE EARLY YEARS OF SOVIET BMD ................................................ 6 B. SOVIET BMD AND THE ABM TREATY OF 1972...10 C. SOVIET BMD SINCE THE ABM TREATY .......................................... 14 III. BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE IN SOVIET MILITARY THOUGHT

Research Survey of Bilingualism and Bilingual Education in the Soviet Union.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, E. Glyn

The state of the art of bilingual education in the Soviet Union is surveyed. The social context of Soviet bilingualism is discussed with reference to sources of heterogeneity, modernization as a motivating factor, political dimensions, and Soviet bases of research. The sociolinguistic paradigm of Soviet society is viewed as a function of the need…

The Unlikely Success of the Soviet Union on the Eastern Front During World War II

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-03

after procrastinating for six weeks, decided to enter into negotiations with the Soviets on their diluted version of the treaty. The Soviets read these...alliance with the West in July of 1939. Again the British procrastinated in meeting with the Soviets. The meeting revealed to the Soviets that the West

The Future Russian Navy: Interests of the Military

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

plasma, pulse, membrane, biochemistry , and radiology.’𔃿 Soviet science had to discover and apply "as yet unknown properties of matter, natural laws...agree that large armored forces have become " dinosaurs " in modern warfare.1 Second, all parties agree that the Russian armed forces must be smaller

The Journal of Suggestive-Accelerative Learning and Teaching, Volume 5, Number 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Suggestive-Accelerative Learning and Teaching, 1980

1980-01-01

A collection of articles concerning suggestive-accelerative learning and teaching (SALT) methods includes: "Suggestive Teaching Methods in the Soviet Union" (Eva Szalontai); "SALT Applied to Remedial Reading: A Critical Review" (Allyn Prichard and Jean Taylor); "The Waldorf Schools: An Artistic Approach to Education"…

Bibliography of Soviet Laser Developments, Number 47, May - June 1980.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-09

23 p. (KL, 19/80, 17050) 99 IV. SOURCE ABBREVIATIONS (CIRC Codens) APP (A) (ATPLB) Acta physica polonica BAPS (BAPTA) Bulletin de l’Academie Polonaise...obraztsy, tovarnyye znaki PSS (PSSAB) Physica Status Solidi (A). Applied Research PTE (PRTEA) Pribory i tekhnika eksperimenta RiE (RAELA) Radiotekhnika i

Addressing Society's Problems in a Global Studies Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pesce, Louis; And Others

1996-01-01

Describes the adaptation of the Future Problem-Solving Process (FPS) in a global studies class. The process applies state-of-the-art critical thinking and problem solving to unstable areas such as the Middle East and the former Soviet Union. Includes handouts directing the students through the process. (MJP)

MYCOFLORA OF WORKS OF GRAPHIC AND APPLIED ART,

DTIC Science & Technology

Damage to works of art as a result of contamination by mold fungi is discussed. Results of an inspection of fifteen museums in the Russian Soviet...Federated Socialist Republic conducted in 1962-63 are presented. Data indicate the species of fungi which attack various forms of art work. (Author)

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 9

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, Lydia Razran; Radtke, Mike; Teeter, Ronald; Rowe, Joseph E.

1987-01-01

This is the ninth issue of NASA's USSR Space Lifes Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 46 papers recently published in Russian language periodicals and bound collections and of a new Soviet monograph. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables from the original. Additional features include reviews of a Russian book on biological rhythms and a description of the papers presented at a conference on space biology and medicine. A special feature describes two paradigms frequently cited in Soviet space life sciences literature. Information about English translations of Soviet materials available to readers is provided. The abstracts included in this issue have been identified as relevant to 28 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology. These areas are: adaptation, biological rhythms, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, developmental biology, endocrinology, enzymology, equipment and instrumentation, gastrointestinal system, genetics, habitability and environment effects, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, mathematical modeling, metabolism, microbiology, morphology and cytology, musculoskeletal system, nutrition, neurophysiology, operational medicine, perception, personnel selection, psychology, radiobiology, and space biology and medicine.

Soviet Tactical Doctrine for Urban Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

for Chemical and Radiation Specialists . . . 0 a . a. . . . . &. . . . .&. 120 5. Soviet Guidelines for the Logistician . . . . . . 122 6. Soviet...conducted with or without the employment of nuclear or chemical weapons although the Soviets emphasize the integrity, flexibility and duality of tactical...concepts and that future wars will entail nuclear, chemical and con- ventional operations. " From the materials reviewed in this study, Soviet treatment

Universal Higher Education and Positional Advantage: Soviet Legacies and Neoliberal Transformations in Russia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smolentseva, Anna

2017-01-01

The great expansion of participation in higher education in Russia in the post-Soviet period was the layered and contradictory result of both conditions established in the Soviet period, and the structuring of reforms after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1992. The Soviet government was strongly committed to the expansion of education across…

Keeping the Door Open: A Soviet-American Exchange.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herring, J. Daniel; Humes, Debra

1988-01-01

Provides a first-hand account of a Soviet-American theater arts exchange, the world premiere of Soviet playwright Gennadi Mamlin's "On the Edge," performed in the Soviet Union by the Louisville Children's Theatre. (MM)

Sources of Information on Atomic Energy, International Series of Monographs in Library and Information Science, Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anthony, L. J.

This book provides a comprehensive survey of the principal national and international organizations which are sources of information on atomic and nuclear energy and of the published literature in this field. Organizations in all the major nuclear countries such as the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union, France, and Japan are described, and…

The Problem of Space in Soviet Operational Art.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

problems of military science and military art , and the improvement of the material-technical base of the Soviet Army and Navy and their structures.2 If...140-RI94 150 THE PROBLEM OF SPACE IN SOVIET OPERATIONAL ART (U) ARMY i/I COMBINED ARMS CENTER FORT LEAVENMORTN KS SOVIET ARMY UNCLSSIIEDSTUDIES OFFICE...SUB-GROUP oPGR*7D/.J1 ? So/Ie7 CE’ge*4 SrWp,-v=I S THE PROBLEM OF SPACE IN SOVIET OPERATIONAL ART by Dr. Jacob W. Kipp Soviet Army Studies Office S U

Controlling the Image of the Teacher's Body under Authoritarianism: The Case of Soviet Latvia (1953-1984)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kestere, Iveta; Kalke, Baiba

2018-01-01

The ideal of the Soviet teacher can be revealed in Soviet mass media, but historians are challenged by the question "what was the actual reality"? Therefore, we addressed the reality of the Soviet school using two research questions: (1) What teacher image was cultivated by Soviet propaganda, and what did the average teacher actually…

Soviet Integration into the World Economy. Report of the Strategy for Peace, U.S. Foreign Policy Conference (29th, Warrenton, Virginia, October 13-15, 1988).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanley Foundation, Muscatine, IA.

Since coming to power, Soviet General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev has undertaken an ambitious program to reform the Soviet economy. Perestroika touches every aspect of Soviet economic life, including relations with the international economy. Soviet specialists and international economists must find common ground so that they can successfully…

Supporting Refugee Children in 21st Century Britain: A Compendium of Essential Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rutter, Jill

This book provides information on the most recent groups of refugee children in British schools, including children from Albania, Eastern European Roma, the former Soviet Union, Iraq, Kurdistan, Algeria, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Kenya, Nigeria, and many other countries. Because educational provisions for students from refugee communities have…

Waste management and recycling in the former Soviet Union: the City of Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic (Kyrgyzstan).

PubMed

Sim, Natasha M; Wilson, David C; Velis, Costas A; Smith, Stephen R

2013-10-01

The UN-Habitat Integrated Sustainable Waste Management (ISWM) benchmarking methodology was applied to profile the physical and governance features of municipal solid waste (MSW) management in the former Soviet Union city of Bishkek, capital of the Kyrgyz Republic. Most of the ISWM indicators were in the expected range for a low-income city when compared with 20 reference cities. Approximately 240,000 t yr(-1) of MSW is generated in Bishkek (equivalent to 200 kg capita(-1) yr(-1)); collection coverage is over 80% and 90% of waste disposed goes to semi-controlled sites operating with minimal environmental standards. The waste composition was a distinctive feature, with relatively high paper content (20-27% wt.) and intermediate organic content (30-40% wt.). The study provides the first quantitative estimates of informal sector recycling, which is currently unrecognised by the city authorities. Approximately 18% wt. of generated MSW is recycled, representing an estimated annual saving to the city authorities of US$0.7-1.1 million in avoided collection/disposal costs. The waste management system is controlled by a centralised municipal waste enterprise (Tazalyk); therefore, institutional coherence is high relative to lower-middle and low-income cities. However, performance on other governance factors, such as inclusivity and financial sustainability, is variable. Future priorities in Bishkek include extending collection to unserved communities; improving landfill standards; increasing recycling rates through informal sector cooperation; improving data availability; and engaging all stakeholders in waste management strategy decisions. Extending the scope and flexibility of the ISWM protocol is recommended to better represent the variation in conditions that occur in waste management systems in practice.

Where Soviet and Neoliberal Discourses Meet: The Transformation of The Purposes of Higher Education in Soviet and Post-Soviet Russia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smolentseva, Anna

2017-01-01

This paper studies transformations in the role of higher education in Russia as represented in official Soviet and post-Soviet policy documents between the 1950s and 2013. The focus is on the categories defining the purposes and tasks of higher education in the larger context of society and economy. There is a basic dichotomy in relation to the…

Summary of Research: Academic Departments 1990-1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

Soviet cinema . The Aesopian devices are no longer The author lists the sources and describes the needed; Soviet cinema is undergoing major changes. tapes...name of a contact person. growing interest in Soviet cinema in the United 271 LANGUAGE STUDIES States encourages a new market for Soviet and Conference...discussed issues related to early years of Russian video. The present publication provides Soviet cinema while the Cinema panel at the Fourth

Soviet Assessments of North American Air Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

whether they represented misunderstandings or errors on the Soviet part, or unique Soviet perspectives and biases. Finally, articles on Soviet strategy...and what reactions do these assessments prompt? First, most articles on U.S. continental air defenses were found in the journal of the Air Defense...Soviet assessments of U.S. air defense control systems with articles in Military Thought. Some of these themes are: - The importance of centralized

The rocky Soviet road to Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klaes, Larry

1990-08-01

The history of the Soviet space program is reviewed with particular attention given to the Soviet Mars exploration program. Missions of the Mars and Zond series and their exploration of Mars are described in detail, and the progress of the Soviet Mars exploration program is compared and contrasted with that of U.S. programs. Soviet space exploration in the 1980s is reviewed, noting that changes in political climate enabled more open discussion of the Phobos mission, which facilitated both international cooperation in assembling the craft and extensive U.S.-Soviet cooperation in the communications aspect of the probe through use of NASA's Deep Space Network of radio telescopes. The Phobos 1 and Phobos 2 missions are discussed and reasons for difficulties are analyzed; the future of the Soviet Mars program is reviewed.

Composite regional catalogs of earthquakes in the former Soviet Union

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rautian, Tatyana; Leith, William

2002-01-01

Seismological study of the territory of the former Soviet Union developed in the 20th century with the approach of maintaining constant observations with standard instrumentation and methods of data processing, determining standardized parameters describing the seismic sources, and producing regular summary publications. For most of the century, event data were published only in Russian and were generally unavailable to the Western scientific community. Yet for many regions of this vast territory, earthquakes with magnitudes less than 2 were routinely located and characterized, especially since the early 1960s. A great volume of data on the seismicity of the Eurasian land mass is therefore available, although to date only in scattered publications and for incomplete periods of time.To address this problem, we have undertaken a comprehensive compilation, documentation and evaluation of catalogs of seismicity of the former Soviet Union. These include four principal, Soviet-published catalog sources, supplemented by other publications. We view this as the first step in compiling a complete catalog of all known seismic events in this large and important region. Completion of this work will require digitizing the remaining catalogs of the various regional seismological institutes. To make these data more useful for regional seismic investigations, as well as to be consistent with their provenance, we have prepared composite regional catalogs, dividing the territory of the former Soviet Union into 24 regions. For each of these regions, all the data available from the basic catalog sources (see below) have been combined and evaluated. Note that, for regions with low seismicity, the historical (non-instrumental, macro-seismic) data are of increased importance. Such information, if not included in any summary, were taken from various publications and marked as "historical".

Textbooks and the Holocaust in Independent Ukraine: An Uneasy Past

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dietsch, Johan

2012-01-01

The article examines how Ukrainian history textbooks dealt with the Holocaust between independence and 2006. The analysis reveals two major, conflicting narratives about the Holocaust, though both externalize and relativize the Holocaust. As a template for understanding genocide, the Holocaust was applied to the Soviet-imposed 1932-33 famine in…

Acculturation Models of Immigrant Soviet Adolescents in Israel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shamai, Shmuel; Ilatov, Zinaida

2005-01-01

This study probed acculturation in Israel of immigrant students from the former USSR from the perception of the host society and the students. The finding from a questionnaire distributed to Israeli-born and immigrant students indicated that most but not all of the Israel-born students applied an assimilatory model while the immigrants were split…

August Storm: The Soviet 1945 Strategic Offensive in Manchuria (Leavenworth Papers, Number 7)

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-01

campaigns. The Manchurian campaign represented the highest state of military art in Soviet World War II operations. Contemporary officers and any...iskusstva v sovetsko-iaponskoi voina 1945-goda" [Some questions of military art in the Soviet-Japanese War of 1945], lfoenno-istoricheskii zhumal [Military...34 [Some questions of military art in the Soviet-Japanese War of 1945], VIZh, September 1969:17. 5. Vnotchenko, Pobeda, 237. 6. Shtemenko, Soviet

Soviet campaign against INF (intermediate-range nuclear forces): strategy, tactics, means. Interim report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alexiev, A.R.

1985-02-01

Beginning in 1979, the Soviet Union mounted a major effort to prevent the deployment of NATO's INF (intermediate-range nuclear forces), which was scheduled to begin in 1983. The campaign failed to achieve its main objective, but it remains an instructive example of the Soviet effort to manipulate domestic trends in Western countries. This Note attempts to provide some insight into Soviet tactics and operational style. It places the INF issue within the framework of Soviet security concepts, reviews Soviet efforts to influence decision-making elites in West Germany against INF and to exacerbate U.S.-European friction within NATO, and analyzes the methodsmore » used by the Soviets in their campaign to co-opt the West German peace movement. The author finds that the campaign waged by the Soviets demonstrated a remarkable organizational and political capability that enabled them and their allies to exploit large numbers of noncommunists in West Germany, and contribute to the growing polarization of West German politics.« less

Soviet-West European Relations: Recent Trends and Near-Term Prospects.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-01

chilly reception from the Soviet leadership. Indeed, his Soviet hosts reminded him that the volcanic destruction of Pompeii paled in comparison with a...single nuclear warhead, and are reported to have threatened that "we will turn Italy into a Pompeii " if Italy contin- ued with INF deployments on...threatens to turn Italy "into a Pompeii " May 7, 1984 Soviet Union announces decision to boycott Olympics May 14, 1984 Soviet Union announces movement of

Soviet Operational Art: Will There be a Significant Shift in the Focus of Soviet Operational Art

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-06

conduct of war. 4 The most important of the six main elements of military science is military art . Military art includes military strategy...AD-A215 778 SOVIET OPERATIONAL ART :, WILL THERE BE A SIGNIFICANT SHIFT IN THE FOCUS OF SOVIET OPERATIONAL ART ? Lwori I i %.Afl S FELECTE DEC 19 1989A...NO NO NO, ACCESSION NO 11 TITLE (Include Security Classification) 5,’ .... Soviet Operational Art : Wi

Lysenkoism and the population control movement.

PubMed

Simon, J L

1997-09-01

The case of Lysenkoism in the Soviet Union helps us understand how people's wrong beliefs can be influenced by what the information they receive from outside, especially when there is a large volume of media coverage and there is no contrary information to be heard. The population control movement in contemporary United States has many parallels to the Lysenko episode.

Adult Education in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wells, Rita L.; Goetz, Douglas N.

The Soviet government has consistently relied upon the country's educational system, including adult education, to advance its ideological, social, and economic goals. In the Soviet Union, education has been used to promote Soviet identity, minimize the impact of religion, advance the status of women, and help increase worker productivity. Adult…

Egypt between the Superpowers: Continuity or Change in Egyptian Foreign Policy under Mubarak.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

supposedly held with Vasiliy Kuznetsov , first deputy chairman of the USSR Supreme Soviet. Subsequently, Anatoliy Gromyko, son of the Soviet foreign...in its diplo- matic relations with the Soviet Union. Oleg Grinevskiy, chief of the Near Eastern department at the Soviet Foreign ministry, arrived in

The Soviets: What is the Conflict about? 1985 National Issues Forum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melville, Keith; Landau, David

Appropriate for secondary school social studies or community programs, this publication considers United States-Soviet conflict. The first of four sections, "US-Soviet Relations at the Crossroads," looks at different American perceptions of the Soviet Union. "Regional Conflicts, Global Ambitions" focuses on Nicaragua as a case…

Soviet New Thinking: Perspectives and Implications

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-29

and leading military theorist, as quoted in Steven P. Adragna , "A New Soviet Military? Doctrine and Strategy", Orbis, Spring, 1989, p. 166. 22... Adragna , pp. 166-68. 22. Soviet Battlefield Development Plan. Vol I: Soviet General Doctrine for War, p.1-8. 24. Goure, pp. 36-37. 25. William E. Odom

A State of the Art Review of Soviet Research in Cognitive Psychology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wertsch, James V.

This paper outlines the theoretical foundations of Soviet psychology, analyzes major themes based on these foundations, and identifies relevance of Soviet psychological research for American investigators. Basic social and political factors that influence Soviet research include centralization of all scientific and academic endeavors and…

Cause and effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clement, Charles; Dawson, Peter

2017-06-01

In response to Kate Brown’s article “Chernobyl’s hidden legacy (Physics World Focus on Nuclear Energy 2017 pp9-11) in which she argues that researchers today should be looking at Soviet-era information on the medical effects of the Chernobyl disaster.

Labor and Capital in the Soviet Union by Republics

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-08-01

under the title ’Input-Output Analysis and the Soviet Economy. An Annotated Bibliotraphy.’ 934 entries. 180 pp. I 2. Jaees UT. Cillula The Structure ...Input-Output in the Soviet Union.’* April 1974, 94 pp. S. eneD. Guill, "Interteporal Comparison of the Structure of the Soviet Economy.- February...49 pp. I *10. Daniel L. Bond, "Input-Output Structure of a Soviet Republic, the Latvian SSR, August 1975." (with an appendix by Gene Guill and Per

A Comprehensive Examination of the Soviet Naval Infantry

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-07-11

1961-621 3n,1 even oarlier are three German sources which inricatu 1960.8 Par more interesting is the evidence which ap- peared within the Soviet Union ...years in a row. Finally, in 1956, the Soviet Union began taking delivery of various types of landing ships and craft. The Soviet Union continued to build...in Moscow, commemorating 12. the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution.1 Finally, at the time that the Soviet Union was expanding its Naval

Russian-American pharmaceutical relations, 1900-1945.

PubMed

Conroy, Mary Schaeffer

2004-01-01

Many books and articles have focused on Soviet health-care. But there are no studies of the Soviet pharmaceutical industry, which was a lynch-pin of Soviet medicine, for without therapies physicians and health-care personnel can only diagnose, not treat. The present paper, part of such a study, opens a window onto one small aspect of the Soviet pharmaceutical industry - points of congruence, divergence, and reconvergence in the pharmaceutical sector with an on-again, off-again political and economic rival. This paper briefly reviews the Russian and the Soviet pharmaceutical systems, so that American audiences can make a comparison of them with our own. It then examines American-Russian/Soviet interaction in trade, joint ventures, research and development, product mix, and connections during World War II to illustrate similarities and differences. During the last decade, although the Soviet and American pharmaceutical systems each had a different trajectory of development, ironically their pharmaceutical industries again are finding points in common.

Legacies of 1917 in Contemporary Russian Public Health: Addiction, HIV, and Abortion

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

I examine the legacies of Soviet public health policy and the socialist health care system and trace how the Soviet past figures in contemporary Russian policymaking and debates about drug use, HIV, and abortion. Drug policies and mainstream views of HIV reflect continuities with key aspects of Soviet-era policies, although political leaders do not acknowledge these continuities in justifying their policies. In abortion policy, by contrast, which is highly debated in the public realm, advocates represent themselves as differing from Soviet-era policies to justify their positions. Yet abortion activists’ views of the past differ tremendously, reminding us that the Soviet past is symbolically productive for arguments about Russia’s present and future. I describe key aspects of the Soviet approach to health and compare how current drug policy (and the related management of HIV/AIDS) and abortion policies are discursively shaped in relation to the Soviet historical and cultural legacy. PMID:28933931

Legacies of 1917 in Contemporary Russian Public Health: Addiction, HIV, and Abortion.

PubMed

Rivkin-Fish, Michele

2017-11-01

I examine the legacies of Soviet public health policy and the socialist health care system and trace how the Soviet past figures in contemporary Russian policymaking and debates about drug use, HIV, and abortion. Drug policies and mainstream views of HIV reflect continuities with key aspects of Soviet-era policies, although political leaders do not acknowledge these continuities in justifying their policies. In abortion policy, by contrast, which is highly debated in the public realm, advocates represent themselves as differing from Soviet-era policies to justify their positions. Yet abortion activists' views of the past differ tremendously, reminding us that the Soviet past is symbolically productive for arguments about Russia's present and future. I describe key aspects of the Soviet approach to health and compare how current drug policy (and the related management of HIV/AIDS) and abortion policies are discursively shaped in relation to the Soviet historical and cultural legacy.

U.S.-Soviet Relations: Testing Gorbachev's "New Thinking." Current Policy No. 985.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armacost, Michael H.

Forty years ago, George F. Kennan advanced the doctrine of containment against Soviet encroachment throughout the world. The Soviet Union has evolved from a Eurasian land power into a global superpower. In an effort to create an international environment congenial to domestic reforms, Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev has sought greater tranquility…

Soviet Higher Education: An Alternative Construct to the Western University Paradigm

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuraev, Alex

2016-01-01

Historically, the university was an alien establishment for Russia, reflecting the political ambition of its leadership, not the organic impetus of Russian society. In Soviet academia, the notion of university education was replaced by the concept of vocational-technical training. As a creation of the Soviet government, Soviet higher education…

Soviet Cybernetics: Recent News Items, Number Thirteen.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Wade B.

An issue of "Soviet Cybernetics: Recent News Items" consists of English translations of the leading recent Soviet contributions to the study of cybernetics. Articles deal with cybernetics in the 21st Century; the Soviet State Committee on Science and Technology; economic reforms in Rudnev's ministry; an interview with Rudnev; Dnepr-2; Dnepr-2…

Soviet Railroad Troops: An Updated Review.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

4 Existing Soviet Transport System ........................... 4 *Scarcity of the Rail System ...basis for a totally new evaluation of the Soviet logistics system as a whole, significant misunderstanding will arise if rail capabilities are degraded...sizeable superiority in divisions, tanks, and artillery, the austere Soviet logistic system is suitable only for supporting a short war. In fact, the

Soviet Political Perspectives on Power Projection.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

justified by the recognition on the part of many Soviet economists that the traditional Soviet development model does not work. Rapid nationalization...37 Models of Economic Development................................43 IV. ARMED STRUGGLE AND REVOLUTIONARY CHANGE...Soviets always describe revolutionary change in ~.~ the Third World as merely the product of local social and political forces, part of an inevitable

Soviet Psycho-educational Research on Learning Disabilities: Implications for American Research and Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wozniak, Robert H.

The implications of Soviet psychoeducational research on learning disabilities (LD) and its relevance to American research and practice are discussed. The first section provides an overview of the general perspective of Soviet special education, with particular reference to LD and its relationship to Soviet psychology and philosophy. The second…

Trouble in the Backyard: Soviet Media Reporting on the Afghanistan Conflict.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Downing, John D. H.

1988-01-01

Presents a qualitative analysis of Soviet media coverage of Afghanistan from 1979 to 1986, showing that several familiar themes, from unpopular guerrillas to national security, are used to justify the Soviet presence in Afghanistan. Compares Soviet press coverage of Afghanistan with U.S. coverage of El Salvador, revealing several parallels. (ARH)

Soviet Marxism and population policy.

PubMed

Vonfrank, A

1984-01-01

American demographers have maintained that Marxism, notably Soviet Marxism, is consistently pronatalist. The Soviet view is said to be that population growth is not a problem and that birth control policies in either developed or developing societies are to be rejected; the "correct" (i.e., socialist) socioeconomic structure is the true solution to alleged population problems. Such representations of Soviet thought greatly oversimplify the Soviet position as well as fail to discern the changes in Soviet thought that have been occurring. Since the 1960s Soviet writers have increasingly acknowledged that population growth is, to a considerable degree, independent of the economic base of society and that conscious population policies may be needed to either increase or decrease the rate of population growth. Even socialist societies can have population problems. And where population growth is too rapid, as in the developing countries, policies to slow such growth are needed because of the threat to economic development. However, the Soviets continue to stress that birth control policies must go hand-in-hand with social and economic development policies if they are to be effective.

Survival through Adaptation: The Chinese Red Army and the Encirclement Campaigns, 1927-1936

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

the Soviet Union and communism shifted after his suppression of a communist 99For more information ...other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a ...period. The movement encompassed not only reforms, but also a fundamental shift from traditional Chinese culture and norms. For more information on the

FASAC Technical Assessment Report: Soviet Space Science Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lanzerotti, L. J.; Henry, Richard C.; Klein, Harold P.; Masursky, Harold; Paulikas, George A.; Scaf, Frederick L.; Soffen, Gerald A.; Terzian, Yervant

1986-01-01

This report is the work of a panel of eight US scientists who surveyed and assessed Soviet research in the spare sciences. All of the panelists were very familiar with Soviet research through their knowledge of the published scientific literature and personal contacts with Soviet and other foreign colleagues. In addition, all of the panelists reviewed considerable additional open literature--scientific, and popular, including news releases. The specific disciplines of Soviet space science research examined in detail for the report were: solar-terrestrial research, lunar and planetary research, space astronomy and astrophysics, and, life sciences. The Soviet Union has in the past carried out an ambitious program in lunar exploration and, more recently, in studies of the inner planets, Mars and especially Venus. The Soviets have provided scientific data about the latter planet which has been crucial for studies of the planet's evolution. Future programs envision an encounter with Halley's Comet, in March 1986, and missions to Mars and asteroids. The Soviet programs in the life sciences and solar-terrestrial research have been long-lasting and systematically pursued. Much of the ground-based and space-based research in these two disciplines appears to be motivated by the requirement to establish long-term human habitation in near-Earth space. The Soviet contributions to new discoveries and understanding in observational space astronomy and astrophysics have been few. This is in significant contrast to the very excellent theoretical work contributed by Soviet scientists in this discipline.

Revisiting Soviet oil subsidies to East Europe: System maintenance in the Soviet hegemony, 1970--1984

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, Mark Andrew

Throughout the 1970s and 1980s the Soviet Union sold oil shipments to the member-states of the Council of Mutual Economic Assistance (CMEA) at a fraction of the world market price (wmp). Contrary to arguments made by previous scholars that it paid a subsidy, namely the difference between the wmp and the CMEA price, either as a reward for material contributions to Soviet foreign policy objectives or as a consequence of membership in a customs union, the Soviet Union provided subsidized oil shipments as a form of economic assistance in maintaining its hegemony. Using non-parametric statistical analysis of previous scholars' data and comparative case studies based on interviews of Soviet decision-makers and on archival research, this study shows that the Soviet Union acted as a hegemon, which created a protectionist trade regime, used oil policy as means of hegemonic maintenance. The CMEA, the embodiment of values espoused in the Soviet trade regime identified as "embedded supranationalism", stood as the institutional antithesis of a customs unions, which embodied the values of the Western liberal trade regime. Soviet leaders did not use oil subsidies or trade relations in general as means of calibrating CMEA member-states' domestic or foreign policy behavior. Soviet leaders used subsidized oil as a means of supporting East European national economic development with the ultimate goal of creating politically legitimate governments thereby ensuring political stability in its cordon sanitaire with the West.

The Role of Relevancy and Social Suffering in “Generativity” Among Older Post-Soviet Women Immigrants

PubMed Central

de Medeiros, Kate; Rubinstein, Robert; Ermoshkina, Polina

2015-01-01

Purpose of the Study: This paper examines generativity, social suffering, and culture change in a sample of 16 women aged 65 years or older who emigrated from the former Soviet Union. Key concerns with generativity are identity, which can be strongly rooted in one’s original cultural formation, and a stable life course, which is what ideally enables generative impulses to be cultivated in later life. Design and Methods: To better understand how early social suffering may affect later life generativity, we conducted two 90-min interviews with each of our participants on their past experiences and current views of generativity. Results: The trauma of World War II, poor quality of life in the Soviet Union, scarcity of shelter and supplies, and fear of arrest emerged as common components in social suffering, which affected their identity. Implications: Overall, the theme of broken links to the future—the sense that their current lives were irrelevant to future generations—was strong among informants in their interviews, pointing to the importance of life course stability in relation to certain forms of generativity. PMID:24184859

The gift of health: Socialist medical practice and shifting material and moral economies in post-Soviet Cuba.

PubMed

Andaya, Elise

2009-12-01

Drawing on ethnographic data collected over 13 months of fieldwork in family doctor clinics in Havana from 2004 to 2005, I examine the shifting moral and material economies of Cuban socialist medical practice. In both official ideology and in daily practice, the moral economy of ideal socialist medicine is based on an ethos of reciprocal social exchange-that is, the gift-that informs not only doctors' relationships with the Cuban state and with individual patients but also the state's policies of international medical service to developing nations. The social and economic upheavals after the fall of t Soviet Union, however, have compelled both the state and individual doctors to operate in a new local and global economy. The gift remains the central metaphor of Cuban medical practice. Nonetheless, as ideologies and practices of gifting and reciprocity encounter an emerging market economy, gifts--whether on the level of the state policies of international humanism or in patient-doctor relations--are open to new significations that highlight the shifting material and moral economies of post-Soviet Cuba.

A framework for analyzing sex-selective abortion: the example of changing sex ratios in Southern Caucasus

PubMed Central

Hohmann, Sophie A; Lefèvre, Cécile A; Garenne, Michel L

2014-01-01

The paper proposes a socioeconomic framework of supply, demand, and regulation to explain the development of sex-selective abortion in several parts of the world. The framework is then applied to three countries of southern Caucasus (Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia) where sex-selective abortion has developed since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The authors argue that sex-selective abortion cannot be explained simply by patriarchal social systems, sex discrimination, or son preference. The emphasis is put on the long-term acceptability of abortion in the region, on acceptability of sex-screening by both the medical establishment and by the population, on newly imported techniques of sex-screening, and on the changing demand for children associated with the major economic and social changes that followed the dismantlement of the Soviet Union. PMID:25349481

Take Russia to 'task' on bioweapons transparency.

PubMed

Zilinskas, Raymond A

2012-06-06

In the run-up to his reelection, Russian president Vladimir Putin outlined 28 tasks to be undertaken by his administration, including one that commanded the development of weapons based on “genetic principles.” Political pressure must be applied by governments and professional societies to ensure that there is not a modern reincarnation of the Soviet biological warfare program.

Career Development Issues in the Former USSR: Implications of Political Changes for Personal Career Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yakushko, Oksana

2007-01-01

This article addresses the distinctive aspects of career development of people from the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). The ecological model of career development is applied to understanding how political changes can influence the career trajectories of individuals within a culture. The role of the political, social, familial,…

Russian-English Dictionary of Cybernetics and Computer Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Wade B.

This work contains over 5,350 terms which have special or unique definition when applied in a cybernetic context. Corrections and improvements to the first edition of the dictionary have been made in this second edition. Entries are made for terms encountered in the Soviet cybernetic literature, without any attempt to define the field or to…

Charting the Development of Knowledge on Soviet and Post-Soviet Education through the Pages of Comparative and International Education Journals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chankseliani, Maia

2017-01-01

This paper examines 126 research articles from three comparative education journals to chart the development of knowledge within comparative education on the Soviet Union and post-Soviet countries. Thematic, theoretical, discursive, and methodological aspects of scholarship are linked with changing geopolitical realities in a systematic analysis…

Teaching about the Soviet Union. ERIC Digest No. 42.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Citti, Lori A.

Given the global significance of Soviet-U.S. relations, elementary and secondary school students should learn about the Soviet Union, but most students graduate from high school with little knowledge and many misconceptions about this country. It is important to teach about the Soviet Union because of: (1) its emphasis in the U.S. media; (2) its…

Speaking "Common Sense" about the Soviet Threat: Reagan's Rhetorical Stance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ivie, Robert L.

Although for the 15 years preceding his election as President of the United States Ronald Reagan muted his anti-Soviet rhetoric in order to achieve political power, since his election he has returned to anti-Sovietism in an effort to redirect American foreign policy against the Soviets. At the same time, however, he employs a rhetorical strategy…

On Ideology, Language, and Identity: Language Politics in the Soviet and Post-Soviet Lithuania

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balockaite, Rasa

2014-01-01

The paper illuminates links between state politics and language politics in Lithuania during different historical periods: (a) the thaw period, (b) the stagnation period, (c) the liberalization periods of Soviet socialism, and (d) the two post-Soviet decades characterized by both nationalism and liberalization. Based on analysis of the texts by…

Foreign Area Studies in the USSR. Training and Employment of Specialists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gottemoeller, Rose E.; Langer, Paul F.

A study was undertaken to arrive at a broad overview of the Soviet training utilization of foreign area specialists. To gather data for the study, researchers examined European, United States, and Soviet publications and interviewed Soviet emigres and U.S. specialists on the Soviet Union. According to these data sources, specialized training for…

Ideologies of Civic Participation in Central Asia: Liberal Arts in the Post-Soviet Democratic Ethos

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Norma Jo; Thompson, Chad D.

2010-01-01

Higher educational practices in post-Soviet Central Asia remain predicated on an authoritarian conception of expertise rooted in an objective and universal science. While the substance of such education has changed since the Soviet era, the form of education remains rooted in Soviet-era discursive ideological practices, practices that encourage…

Narrating Surroundings and Suppression: The Role of School in Soviet Childhood Memories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nugin, Raili; Jõesalu, Kirsti

2016-01-01

The article explores how people born in Estonia in the 1970s contextualize their memories about their Soviet childhood in the context of school. Focusing on small group of people who grew up in the Soviet Estonia, we argue that in biographical narratives, school is treated as the representative of the Soviet regime. Nostalgic reminiscences from…

Understanding Soviet Foreign Policy. The Tradition of Change in Soviet Foreign Policy. Two Schools of Soviet Diplomacy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

the works of Victor Hugo, :he Russian classics, and the works of other writers. Isaac Deutscher, Stalin: A Political Biography, New York, Oxford... panache and the scope of the gesture further rein- force the Soviet leader’s ascension and his auctoritas. It vastly adds to the feeling of confidence which

U.S. and Soviet Agriculture: The Shifting Balance of Power. Worldwatch Paper 51.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Lester R.

Analysts of U.S.-Soviet balance of power usually focus on relative military strength. But other factors determine a country's overall power and influence. Among the most basic is a country's capacity to feed its people. By this measure the Soviet Union appears to be in deep trouble. Massive spending has increased Soviet military strength in recent…

Soviet Perceptions of War and Peace,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

Scott and Harriet Fast Scott Publications for a Purpose ...................................... 98 Continuity and Change in Soviet Perceptions...and Harriet Scott examine Soviet military strategies and forces; I address and provide a historical overview of the concept of peaceful coexistence...15. Marshal V.D. Sokolovskiy, ed., Soviet Military Strategy, 3d ed. edited by Harriet F. Scott (New York: Crane, Russak and Co., 1975), pp. 334-361

Masculinities in the Motherland: Gender and Authority in the Soviet Union during the Cold War, 1945-1968

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fraser, Erica L.

2009-01-01

This dissertation starts from the premise that World War II changed Soviet ideas about manhood. The Soviet Union lost twenty-seven million combatants and civilians in World War II--twenty million of whom were men. Delineating, performing, negotiating, and resisting a variety of cultural ideas about manliness shaped Soviet militarism and ideology…

Fragmenting pastoral mobility: Changing grazing patterns in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan

Treesearch

Carol Kerven; Ilya Ilych Alimaev; Roy Behnke; Grant Davidson; Nurlan Malmakov; Aidos Smailov; Iain Wright

2006-01-01

Kazak nomads were seasonally mobile in the pre-Soviet period, in response to climate variability and landscape heterogeneity. The scale of these movements was interrupted during the Soviet period, but some degree of mobility remained. Mobility virtually ceased in the post-Soviet 1990s, but is reemerging as flock numbers rebound from the mid 1990s population crash.

Skill Formation and Utilisation in the Post-Soviet Transition: Higher Education Planning in Post-Soviet Georgia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gvaramadze, Irakli

2010-01-01

Changes in the former Soviet system had a dramatic influence on higher education in Georgia. The main objective of the current article is to analyse implications of the post-Soviet transition for the skill formation and skill utilisation system in Georgia. In particular, the study analyses recent trends in Georgian higher education including…

Soviet Military Power

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

land-based KIROV, the USSR’s first nucler - powered surface warship, symbolizes the increasing strength of the Soviet Armed Forces and the Increasing...53 VI QUEST FOR TECHNOLOGICAL SUPERIORITY ............ 7 VII SOVIET GLOBAL POWER PROJECTION...................83 VIII THE CHALLENGE...military power at a pace that shows no signs of slackening in the future. All elements of the Soviet Armed Forces -the Strategic Rocket Forces, the

Computers and Data Processing. Subject Bibliography.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United States Government Printing Office, Washington, DC.

This annotated bibliography of U.S. Government publications contains over 90 entries on topics including telecommunications standards, U.S. competitiveness in high technology industries, computer-related crimes, capacity management of information technology systems, the application of computer technology in the Soviet Union, computers and…

Soviet objectives in the INF negotiations and European security. Master's thesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baumgardner, H.J.

1987-12-01

On 12 December 1979, NATO officials announced the decision to deploy 108 Pershing II nuclear missiles and 464 Ground Launched Cruise Missiles, in response to the Soviet deployment of SS-20 nuclear missiles. The NATO decision was met by a determined Soviet effort to prevent the deployment of the new missiles. The Soviet effort consisted of negotiations, diplomatic propaganda, and covert measures. When it was clear that the deployment was not going to be stopped, the Soviets agreed to formal INF arms-reduction talks. It is this author's opinion that the Soviet negotiation tactics, during the INF talks, supported the long-range goalmore » of reducing the military effectiveness of NATO, and also supported the goal of reducing U.S. influence in Europe.« less

The deterrent forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kortunov, S.

The rapid changes that are occurring in Europe and in the world at large create qualitatively new military and political realities and will force nuclear powers to make major adjustments in their foreign policy and military-technological thinking. The new situation will certainly lead to changes in both the nuclear doctrines of those countries and their approaches to nuclear forces - both strategic and tactical - as will be needed to ensure national security. This applies fully to the Commonwealth of Independent States (the former USSR), whose nuclear doctrine, like that of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), is now beingmore » overhauled. It is well known that the former Soviet Union in its public declarations, including those made at the highest political level, has been strongly critical of the doctrine of deterrence. An unbiased historical analysis of the postwar period also demonstrates that military competition between the Soviet Union and the United States in the nuclear field followed the action-reaction logic, the constraining factors being primarily financial and technological rather than moral. Parity was initially interpreted as numerical equality in strategic nuclear arms and later as rough equality in operational nuclear capabilities. Another confirmation that the Soviet Union had based its policy precisely on the doctrine of deterrence is the Antiballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty, which limits the antiballistic missile systems of the two sides to purely symbolic numbers of ABMs and effectively exposes the former Soviet Union and the United States to a retaliatory strike. Nuclear deterrence is a modus vivendi of the world we live in, and it will stay that way until nations devise a fundamentally new system of maintaining international security. The problem is that the nuclear powers have more than enough nuclear weapons to make deterrence work effectively.« less

Soviet Military Power

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-04-01

The Soviet build-up is made possible by a national policy that has con - sistently made military materiel production its highest economic priority...classes of consumable supplies and war reserve equipment available in the USSR, as well as transport, repair and con - struction units. It includes a...the Soviet military establishment r and to the continuing growth and moderniza-tion of Soviet military power. The CPSU con .-..•_"" trols military

Breakup of the Soviet State and Disintegration of the Renowned Sport System. The Future of Athletics in the Commonwealth of Independent States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zibberman, Victor; Andersen, Donald R.

1994-01-01

Two articles examine athletics in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). The first discusses the disintegration of the Soviet sport system following the Soviet Union's breakup. The second examines the future of CIS athletics which, it is claimed, may never again reach the stature achieved by the Soviet Union. (SM)

The Limits of Soviet Airpower: The Bear Versus the Mujahideen in Afghanistan, 1979-1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-06-01

satellite imagery identified Soviet TMS-65 decontamination vehicles and AGV-3 detox chambers in the vicinity of combat areas. In addition, the...Vladislav Tamarov, Afghanistan: Soviet Vietnam, trans. Naomi Marcus, Marianne Clarke Trangen, and Vladislav Tamarov (San Francisco: Mercury House...Tamarov. San Francisco: Mercury House, 1992. Turbiville, Graham. Ambush! The Road War in Afghanistan. Fort Leavenworth, KS: Soviet Army Studies Office

"In my opinion, work would be in first place and family in second": young women's imagined gender-work relations in post-Soviet Lithuania.

PubMed

Reiter, Herwig

2010-01-01

This article explores young women's orientation to work and motherhood in the post-communist context of radical socio-economic transformation in Europe. Based on a qualitative-explorative study into meanings of work and unemployment among young people in post-Soviet Lithuania, the paper introduces an empirically grounded classification of imagined gender-work arrangements. The single patterns of the classification are based on the three configurations of work and motherhood, work and partnership, and work and provision. The findings inform the reconstruction of the 'landscape' of imagined gendered adulthoods in Europe as well as the analysis of emerging gender relations under conditions of rapid social change.

From management to mediation: local forestry management and the forestry crisis in post-socialist Russia.

PubMed

Eikeland, Sveinung; Eythorsson, Einar; Ivanova, Lyudmila

2004-03-01

The local branches of the Russian Forestry Service, the leskhozy, were known for their efficiency and management skills in the Soviet era and were one of the very few community-based "Soviet-type" institutions to survive the transition. This article examines the role of the leskhozy in the new market economy. Our analysis is based on data from interviews with informants attached to the forestry sector in the Murmansk area. In some cases their knowledge of the leskhozy stretches back to the emergence of the system in 1947. Our principal finding is that the struggle to survive as a federal body in the current legal and economic climate is forcing the leskhozy to relegate sustainable forestry management, presumably their primary raison d'être, to the lower portions of their list of priorities. Several consequences result. There is a heightened incidence of illegal logging, and corruption informs the allocation of forest areas to private interests. Stumpage prices have plummeted as timber from subsidized commercial cutting (ostensibly sanitary cutting or thinning) has flooded the markets. The root cause of these tribulations lies with the market-based harvesting permit system. Its introduction in the 1990s did little to eliminate the self-seeking practices of the old Soviet forestry management hierarchies. In the free market, local forestry managers can turn their dual responsibilities to their own advantage inasmuch as they control the allocation of harvesting permits while at the same time controlling logging practices.

The Evolution of Soviet Policy: Real Change or more of the Same

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-13

not freedom of speech or the press. In fact, Grobachev frequently quotes Lenin’s succinct definition of "glasnost": "Letting the party know everything...significant change in policy with "glasnost"-- Freedom of speech , it ain’t"--but a verse of Horace applies here: "Semel emissum volat irrevocabile verbum"--"A

Challenges of Applying a Student-Centered Approach to Learning in the Context of Education in Kyrgyzstan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de la Sablonniere, Roxane; Taylor, Donald M.; Sadykova, Nazgul

2009-01-01

The challenge of maximizing student learning has been paramount in many societies. This issue has become especially salient in the context of drastic social and political changes that have taken place in countries such as Kyrgyzstan. Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, teachers and students are confronted with new ways of thinking, which are…

The Market and Vocational Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peregudov, F. I.

1992-01-01

Examines needed changes in vocational education in former Soviet Union as the nation shifts to a market economy. Suggests that there should be more emphasis on individual student needs. Argues that vocational education must include training in information sciences, computers, foreign languages, social psychology, and urban ecology. Recommends…

Collective Security in Europe and Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-02

Minister Hisashi Owada carried by Kyodo, November 18, 1991, in Foreign Broadcast Information Service, (FBIS), Daily Report-East Asia, November 18, 1991...Report-Soviet Union, December 5, 1991, p. 54. For a Japanese view, see Hiroshi Kimura , "Gorbachev’s Japan Policy: The Northern Territories Issue

Deception in Soviet Military Doctrine and Operations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-06-01

class entitled Soviet Military Strategy, taught by Dr. Robert Bathurst at the Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California. 10. George Orwell , quoted...recent asslignment as the Command Tactical Deception Officer, from March 1981 to May 1984 , at Headquarters Tactical Air Command Langley Air Force Base... Revolution , has made an indelible imprint on the Soviet psyche. Even today, forty years after the war, the Soviet people and the rest of the world are

Codes of Conduct in the Soviet School System. Part 1: The Teacher as the Mouthpiece of the State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maslinsky, K. A.

2016-01-01

The purpose of this article is to analyze Soviet school codes as part of a continuous tradition in Russian education and as a way of arriving at a portrait of Soviet schoolchildren. The article is divided into two parts. The first part provides a brief historical overview of the codes of conduct in prerevolutionary and Soviet school policy and…

President Assad’s Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

PERIOD BETWEEN THE WARS - 100 B. THE SIX DAY WAR AND ITS AFTERMATH - - 106 C. THE EFFECTS OF THE LEBANESE CONFLICT 109 XI. SYRIA AND LEBANON...Terrorism -------------- 232 XVII. THE SOVIET-SYRIAN RELATIONS --------- 236 A. SOVIET POLICY OBJECTIVES -------- 238 B. HOW DID THE SOVIETS PENETRATE INTO...SYRIA? 239 C. THE SOVIET MILITARY AID TO SYRIA - - - - 241 D. PRICES AND TERMS ------------ 242 E. EFFECTIVENESS OF THE MILITARY AID IN RELATION TO

The Costs of the Soviet Empire.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

Soviet Union is a multi -national state consisting of 15 distinct national repub- lics and over 60 nationalities, 23 of which have populations greater...think of the annual costs of attaining and maintaining an empire as following an oscillating pattern like a somewhat uneven sine -curve. First, costs...and time-on-station of Soviet naval and other forces. In this sense, the empire acts to multi - ply the effectiveness of Soviet forces. Alternatively

Soviet business chaos seen lasting 5 years

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1991-12-16

This paper reports that companies seeking work in the collapsing Soviet Union can expect political uncertainty for another 5 years. PW discussed changes in the Soviet Union and offered advice on dealing with officials of the central government and Soviet republics at a recent meeting in Houston with executives of oil field service companies. That meeting preceded reports of the Russian federation, Ukraine, and Byelorussia agreeing to form a Slavic commonwealth.

Soviet Power in Latin America: Success or Failure?

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-13

During the Symposium, academic and government experts discussed a number of issues concerning this area which will have a continuing impact on US...full impact of Soviet and Cuban ties has not yet been felt, but the 1977 return from Cuba of a Jamaican youth construction brigade, determined to...some of the less perceptible underlying aspects of the relationship . The paper is divided into three sections: Soviet objectives; instruments of Soviet

Soviet space nuclear reactor incidents - Perception versus reality

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bennett, Gary L.

1992-01-01

Since the Soviet Union reportedly began flying nuclear power sources in 1965 it has had four publicly known accidents involving space reactors, two publicly known accidents involving radioisotope power sources and one close call with a space reactor (Cosmos 1900). The reactor accidents, particularly Cosmos 954 and Cosmos 1402, indicated that the Soviets had adopted burnup as their reentry philosophy which is consistent with the U.S. philosophy from the 1960s and 1970s. While quantitative risk analyses have shown that the Soviet accidents have not posed a serious risk to the world's population, concerns still remain about Soviet space nuclear safety practices.

Spatio-temporal analysis of agricultural land-use intensity across the Western Siberian grain belt.

PubMed

Kühling, Insa; Broll, Gabriele; Trautz, Dieter

2016-02-15

The Western Siberian grain belt covers 1millionkm² in Asiatic Russia and is of global importance for agriculture. Massive land-use changes took place in that region after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the collapse of the state farm system. Decreasing land-use intensity (LUI) in post-Soviet Western Siberia was observed on grassland due to declining livestock whilst on cropland trends of land abandonment reversed in the early 2000s. Recultivation of abandoned cropland as well as increasing fertilizer inputs and narrowing crop rotations led to increasing LUI on cropland during the last two decades. Beyond that general trend, no information is available about spatial distribution and magnitude but a crucial precondition for the development of strategies for sustainable land management. To quantify changes and patterns in LUI, we developed an intensity index that reflects the impacts of land-based agricultural production. Based on subnational yearly statistical data, we calculated two separate input-orientated indices for cropland and grassland, respectively. The indices were applied on two spatial scale: at seven provinces covering the Western Siberian grain belt (Altay Kray, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Novosibirsk, Omsk, Sverdlovsk and Tyumen) and at all districts of the central province Tyumen. The spatio-temporal analysis clearly showed opposite trends for the two land-use types: decreasing intensity on grassland (-0.015 LUI units per year) and intensification on cropland (+0.014 LUI units per year). Furthermore, a spatial concentration towards intensity centres occurred during transition from a planned to a market economy. A principal component analysis enabled the individual calculations of both land-use types to be combined and revealed a strong link between biophysical conditions and LUI. The findings clearly showed the need for having a different strategy for future sustainable land management for grassland (predominantly used by livestock of households) and cropland (predominantly managed by large agricultural enterprises), which have to be addressed specifically by the different land users. As all input data are publicly available, the approach described is readily transferable to other regions or countries of the former Soviet Union. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Michurinist Biology in the People's Republic of China, 1948-1956.

PubMed

Schneider, Laurence

2012-01-01

Michurinist biology was introduced to China in 1948; granted a state supported monopoly in 1952; and reduced to parity with western genetics from 1956. The Soviets exported it through the propaganda agencies Sino Soviet Friendship Association (SSFA) and VOKS (Cultural Relations with Foreign Countries). China's Ministry of Agriculture achieved broad public awareness and acceptance of Michurinist biology through a translation, publication, and Soviet guest speakers campaign - all managed by a team of agriculturalists led by Luo Tianyu, a veteran CCP (Communist Party) cadre. The campaign grew exponentially, but did not affect university or Chinese Academy of Sciences biology. Luo Tianyu's failed attempt to force Michurinist biology on a Beijing university triggered its second stage: monopoly status and a ban on "Mendelist-Morganist" biology in teaching, research, and publication. The CCP Central Committee supported this policy believing that Michurinst biology would increase agricultural production for the forthcoming first Five Year Plan; whereas, western genetics had no practical value. Michurinist biology flourished at all levels of education, research, and science literature; Western genetics was completely shut down. This only began to change when the CCP Central Committee became wary of China's dependency on Soviet technical expertise and failure to fully utilize that of China. Change was further promoted by significant attacks on Michurinist biology by Soviet and East German biologists. Soon, these developments informed China's "genetics question," which became a test case for larger questions about the definition of science and the relationship between scientists and the state. Under the guidance of Lu Dingyi's Central Committee Propaganda Department, the CCP eventually decided that, henceforth, science controversies would only be resolved by the science community; and that monopolies or ideological orthodoxies would not be imposed on science. At the same time, the CCP rescinded Michurinist biology's monopoly and the ban on western genetics. By the mid-1960s western genetics had successfully restored itself, largely due to the leadership of C. C. Tan, a former student of Dobzhansky. Michurinist biology's presence shrank and it became marginalized.

Central Asian Post-Soviet health systems in transition: has different aid engagement produced different outcomes?

PubMed Central

Ulikpan, Anar; Mirzoev, Tolib; Jimenez, Eliana; Malik, Asmat; Hill, Peter S.

2014-01-01

Background The collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 resulted in a transition from centrally planned socialist systems to largely free-market systems for post-Soviet states. The health systems of Central Asian Post-Soviet (CAPS) countries (Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan) have undergone a profound revolution. External development partners have been crucial to this reorientation through financial and technical support, though both relationships and outcomes have varied. This research provides a comparative review of the development assistance provided in the health systems of CAPS countries and proposes future policy options to improve the effectiveness of development. Design Extensive documentary review was conducted using Pubmed, Medline/Ovid, Scopus, and Google scholar search engines, local websites, donor reports, and grey literature. The review was supplemented by key informant interviews and participant observation. Findings The collapse of the Soviet dominance of the region brought many health system challenges. Donors have played an essential role in the reform of health systems. However, as new aid beneficiaries, neither CAPS countries’ governments nor the donors had the experience of development collaboration in this context. The scale of development assistance for health in CAPS countries has been limited compared to other countries with similar income, partly due to their limited history with the donor community, lack of experience in managing donors, and a limited history of transparency in international dealings. Despite commonalities at the start, two distinctive trajectories formed in CAPS countries, due to their differing politics and governance context. Conclusions The influence of donors, both financially and technically, remains crucial to health sector reform, despite their relatively small contribution to overall health budgets. Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, and Tajikistan have demonstrated more effective development cooperation and improved health outcomes; arguably, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan have made slower progress in their health and socio-economic indices because of their resistance to open and accountable development relationships. PMID:25231098

Soviet health care and perestroika.

PubMed

Schultz, D S; Rafferty, M P

1990-02-01

Health and health care in the Soviet Union are drawing special attention during these first years of perestroika, Mikhail Gorbachev's reform of Soviet political and economic life. This report briefly describes the current state of Soviet health and medical care, Gorbachev's plans for reform, and the prospects for success. In recent years the Soviet Union has experienced a rising infant mortality rate and declining life expectancy. The health care system has been increasingly criticized for its uncaring providers, low quality of care, and unequal access. The proposed measures will increase by 50 percent the state's contribution to health care financing, encourage private medicine on a small scale, and begin experimentation with capitation financing. It seems unlikely that the government will be able to finance its share of planned health improvements, or that private medicine, constrained by the government's tight control, will contribute much in the near term. Recovery of the Soviet economy in general as well as the ability of health care institutions to gain access to Western materials will largely determine the success of reform of the Soviet health care system.

Pushkin to Shukshin: Complementary Strands in the Texture of Soviet Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zevin, Patricia Ernenwein

1980-01-01

Discusses English reading texts used in the Soviet Union, which are English translations of Russian literature. Notes that such literature divides attention between the traditional and the progressive elements of Soviet culture. (DF)

The German Reunification Issue: A Soviet Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

relationship with the Soviet Union is central to its viability, its economic stability, and the maintenance of its position in the Warsaw Pact. The...tion, and consumer spending is twice as high in the GDR than in the USSR. This voracious consumption is visible to Soviet troops. The Soviet Union...response to the prolonged Polish crisis, East and West Germany appear to be mutually shielding their special relationship from the cold East-West winds

Soviet Weapon-System Acquisition

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-09-01

Center, China Lake, CA 93555-6001 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. S91 10 4163 FOREWORD The book was researched and written by...collection of classified norms is a set that we have never seen, but whose existence we know of from various articles in Soviet military journals and books ...industrial-incentive system has resulted in a spare-parts famine throughout the Soviet economy. 3 Several books , both Western and Soviet, have been -written

The Tenth Period of Soviet Third World Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-01

All its activity is taking place in an atmosphere of responsible criticism and self-criticism and of observance of the principle of looking the truth...tremendous stability to the Soviet-Indian relationship. Moscow’s ties with New Dehli have lasted now well over thirty years. Moscow can be confident...itself a superpower with global interests and commitments. The costs of the Soviet empire may be onerous at the margin when Soviet economic managers

An Analysis of the Seismic Source Characteristics of Explosions in Low-Coupling Dry Porous Media

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-29

Semipalatinsk Test Site (Shagan, Degelen and Konystan Testing Areas) and in Salt at the Former Soviet Azgir Test Site ...to be applicable to all underground nuclear explosions conducted in various hard rock media at the former Soviet Semipalatinsk test site , as well as...in Hard Rock at the Former Soviet Semipalatinsk Test Site (Shagan, Degelen and Konystan Testing Areas) and in Salt at the Former Soviet Azgir Test

Soviet military doctrine and Western security policy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flynn, G.

The late 1970s and early 1980s witnessed an unprecedented polarization of Western political and analytical opinion about the Soviet military and how policy should adapt to the emergence of parity between the superpowers. This study analyzes the roots of this polarization, and brings together for the first time a thorough survey of Western perceptions of Soviet military thought and doctrine, as well as of Soviet perceptions of Western military thought and doctrine. The work demonstrates how both East and West regularly makes judgements on the other's military profile on the basis of political preconceptions about the other's intentions. Western analysismore » of the Soviet military has not gone much beyond this unfortunate condition because most of the critical questions cannot be answered definitively with existing data and methodology. The study offers an assessment of how analysis of Soviet doctrine can be better factored into Western arms control and force posture planning.« less

Managing Multilinguality: Israel's Retraining Course for New Immigrant Librarians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lazinger, Susan S.; Peritz, Bluma C.

1993-01-01

Describes a six-month retraining program developed for Israel's Russian-speaking immigrant librarians and information specialists that includes Hebrew language, Jewish and Israeli history, English, and library automation. Differences from the Soviet library system are discussed, including censorship and public libraries, and characteristics of the…

Radioactive and other environmental threats to the United States and the Arctic resulting from past Soviet activities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

Earlier this year the Senate Intelligence Committee began to receive reports from environmental and nuclear scientists in Russia detailing the reckless nuclear waste disposal practices, nuclear accidents and the use of nuclear detonations. We found that information disturbing to say the least. Also troubling is the fact that 15 Chernobyl style RBMK nuclear power reactors continue to operate in the former Soviet Union today. These reactors lack a containment structure and they`re designed in such a way that nuclear reaction can actually increase when the reactor overheats. As scientists here at the University of Alaska have documented, polar air massesmore » and prevailing weather patterns provide a pathway for radioactive contaminants from Eastern Europe and Western Russia, where many of these reactors are located. The threats presented by those potential radioactive risks are just a part of a larger Arctic pollution problem. Every day, industrial activities of the former Soviet Union continue to create pollutants. I think we should face up to the reality that in a country struggling for economic survival, environment protection isn`t necessarily the high priority. And that could be very troubling news for the Arctic in the future.« less

The Role of Relevancy and Social Suffering in "Generativity" Among Older Post-Soviet Women Immigrants.

PubMed

de Medeiros, Kate; Rubinstein, Robert; Ermoshkina, Polina

2015-08-01

This paper examines generativity, social suffering, and culture change in a sample of 16 women aged 65 years or older who emigrated from the former Soviet Union. Key concerns with generativity are identity, which can be strongly rooted in one's original cultural formation, and a stable life course, which is what ideally enables generative impulses to be cultivated in later life. To better understand how early social suffering may affect later life generativity, we conducted two 90-min interviews with each of our participants on their past experiences and current views of generativity. The trauma of World War II, poor quality of life in the Soviet Union, scarcity of shelter and supplies, and fear of arrest emerged as common components in social suffering, which affected their identity. Overall, the theme of broken links to the future--the sense that their current lives were irrelevant to future generations--was strong among informants in their interviews, pointing to the importance of life course stability in relation to certain forms of generativity. © The Author 2013. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Socio-economic impact of Trans-Siberian railway after the collapse of Soviet Union by integrated spatial data analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uchida, Seina; Takeuchi, Wataru; Hatoyama, Kiichiro; Mazurov, Yuri

2016-06-01

How Russian cities have stood up again after the collapse of Soviet Union will be discussed in this paper. In order to know how the cities has managed the difficult period after the change of social system, transition of urban area, population, and nighttime light is searched. Although Far East will not stop as one of the most important area with abundant resources, overpopulation in towns and depopulation in countryside is going on. By searching the present situation, this research also aims to predict the future of Far East and Russia. First of all, Landsat data from 1987 to 2015 is collected over Moscow, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Tynda, and Blagoveshchensk and urban area is calculated by land cover classification. Secondly, population and retail turnover data are collected from year books in Russia. Thirdly, gross regional product (GRP) is estimated by nighttime light images from DMSP-OLS and VIIRS DNB dataset. In addition, these data are compared and difference of development stage after the collapse of Soviet Union between the unstable era (1990s-2000) and development era (2000-) will be discussed. It is expected that these analysis will give us useful information about Russian strategy for the future.

Perestroika and Its Impact on the Soviet Labor Market.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Horst

1991-01-01

Discusses two books, "Restructuring the Soviet Economy: In Search of the Market" and "In Search of Flexibility: The New Soviet Labour Market," that assess the success of perestroika and the transition to a market-based economy. (JOW)

The influence of bureaucrats on the policy-making process in the former Soviet Union: The case of Chernobyl

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerner, Lucy Alexandra

The events that started to unfurl in the former Soviet Union in the beginning of the 1990s and that ended with the disintegration of the USSR caught many sovietologists, and specialists on former communist and socialist regimes by surprise. Major theories and analyses developed and successfully used in such areas as Comparative Politics, International Relations, and Comparative Socialism turned out to be impotent to foresee the approach of the dramatic changes. Noticing the growing significance of and influence on the policy making process of numerous bureaucracies, this study has applied alternative approaches that were developed in such fields as Organizational Theory, Bureaucratic Behavior, and Public Policy. The issue of bureaucratic performance in the former USSR became the central focal point of the study. Methods suggested by specialists in these fields permitted measurement of the performance of different bureaucratic medical institutions during and after the Chernobyl crisis. Utilization of performance measurements helped uncover several important phenomena. One, that performance of the Soviet medical institutions/organizations and bureaucracies that they housed reached an ultimate dysfunctional stage. It became counterproductive to the point that we can brand it pathological. The characteristic feature of pathological performance is that its outcomes (final results) have a totally counterproductive effect on the external environment and on the community which uses its services and/or products. In the case of Chernobyl it was medical services that were either very poorly provided to the victims of the accident or totally withheld from them The result was a manifold increase in different illnesses and deaths among the population affected by the accident. Second, behavior and performance of the medical bureaucracies in comparison with the behavior and performance of other Soviet bureaucracies has shown that it was not unique. This counterproductive behavior was exhibited not only in crises situations, but became a regular mode of bureaucratic behavior in the Soviet Union darting from the late 1970s, eventually evolving into pathological behavior. Third, this pathological bureaucratic behavior and accompanying counterproductive performance caused extremely negative disturbances of the external environment and destabilized it, becoming a significant contributing factor to the collapse of the Soviet regime. The conclusion of this study is that the pathological behavior of bureaucrats who continue to inhabit governmental and private structures and who often act in conjunction with criminal elements have become a stumbling block to the successful economic, social, and political changes in the Russian Federation and in all Newly Independent States.

The Difficult Road to Mars: A Brief History of Mars Exploration in the Soviet Union

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perminov, V. G.

1999-01-01

Perminov was the leading designer for Mars and Venus spacecraft at the Soviet Lavochkin design bureau in the early days of Martian exploration. In addition to competing with the U.S. to get to the Moon, the Soviets also struggled to beat the U.S. to Mars during the Cold War. Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the Soviets attempted to send a number of robotic probes to Mars, but for a variety of reasons, most of these missions ended in failure. Despite these overall failures, the Soviets garnered a great deal of scientific and technical knowledge through these efforts. This monograph tells some fascinating, but little-known, stories.

National Security Policy Issues in U.S.-Soviet Technology Transfer

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-14

bottlenecks in Soviet agri- culture and services, as well as in Soviet Industry. This trade often presumes a substantial Soviet Investment In...IN SOME DISTANT COUNTRY. ii. CULTURAL AND POLITICAL AFFINITIES OR AVERSIONS WHICH WILL DISTORT TRADE WITHOUT REDUCING IT. _.. — — -"— 1 HI-2016...Lprovln, tachalc. co.- municatlons betwoar conbat vahlcla». 2. The U.S. Sov.rnn.nt .hould ..»bllsh a priority lilt of " HUary m,.,lons. ranging

Avoiding Armageddon: The US Military’s Response to Trans-Regional Nuclear Proliferation in a Post-Soviet World

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Post -Soviet World A Monograph by MAJ Andrew S. Glenn US Army School of Advanced Military Studies United States Army Command and General...2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Avoiding Armageddon: The US Military1s Response to Trans-Regional Nuclear Proliferation in a Post -Soviet World Sa...MAJ Andrew S. Glenn Monograph Title: Avoiding Armageddon: The US Military’s Response to Trans- Regional Nuclear Proliferation in a Post -Soviet

Soviet Military Power: An Assessment of the Threat

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

accept a greater Soviet role in developing a promising new one. Moscow offered the area that would convey to the Soviets the status Jordan the MiG...Soviets moved to larger, more capable models. late stages or development when the new FOXHOUND) Output of’ their primary long-range military transport...aerial riel’ueiing support of BISON and BEAR aircrart, In 1987, the first unit 01’ new MIDAS Cruise Missile Developments tankers entered operational

The Role of Ideology in Soviet Foreign Policy: The World Correlation of Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-13

the exclusive guide for Soviet foreign policy, just as it would be to claim that Marxism -Leninism plays no part in establishing that policy. By...reflects the wholly different belief system regarding the nature of man and society that is modern Soviet Marxism -Leninism. It brings into focus...which colors any Soviet discussion of world affairs. By briefly examining some of the precepts of Marxism , the essence of that world view will

China and the Great Power Balance.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-18

analyst assigned to US Army Japan/IX Corps. iv I./ iv4 • ~ , ’ ’K". SUMMARY Recent indications of a thaw in Sino-Soviet relations, coupled with...of Chinese leaders indicates that their basic assessment of the Soviet Union as a hegemonist power 25 has been altered in the least. Given the...allowed itself to be absorbed as a de facto Soviet satellite, or if another nation (presumably the United States) somehow supplanted the Soviet Union

Soviet Foreign Policy in the Middle East: Internal and External Determinants.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

Soviet-Egyptian relations and four involving Soviet-Syrian relations. Each event signifies a juncture at which Soviet policymakers had to make fundmental ...actor on the international scene. In order to promote a more active global strategy many of the more rigid doctrinal principles of the Stalin era were...establishment of a national-democratic state could be viewed as a positive first step towards socialism, even if it was initially based on capitalist principles

United States Security Interests in China: Beyond the ’China Card’.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

competition . Soviet policies toward Europe, the United States and related areas are, then, in the first istance, functions of Soviet strategy toward China. 8...the Chinese desire, or have the capacity, to play an active role in Soviet-American military competition . Nor is it likely that.the Soviet Union...President Reagan has made it clear, however, that his attendance at the conference on cooperation and development to be held in October 1981 at Cancun

Astronauts Stafford and Slayton visit Soviet Soyuz spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, left, NASA ASTP crew commander, and Donald K. Slayton, docking module pilot, visit the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft during the joint phase of the ASTP mission. They hold Soviet containers of borsh (beet soup) over which vodka labels have been pasted. This was the crew's way of toasting each other. The photo was taken in the Orbital Module portion of the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft. The hatch to the Soyuz Descent Vehicle is in center background.

Prevention and Treatment of Vesication and Poisoning Caused by Arsenicals.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-02-01

AREA 8 WORK UNIT NUMBERS University of Arizona, Dept. of Cellular and Developmental Biology , Tucson, AZ 85721 62734A.3M162734A875.AP.369 I...treatment of intoxication by arsenic, especially against lewisite gas. These agents have been used in human therapy in the Soviet Union and China. Soviet... human therapy in the Soviet Union and China. Soviet investigators and West German investigators have recommended that it replace BAL for t-eatment of

'If I Ever Have to Go to Prison, I Hope it's a Russian Prison': British Labour, Social Democracy and Soviet Communism, 1919-25.

PubMed

Hodgson, Max

2017-09-01

Through the inter-war period, the USSR became an example of 'socialism in action' that the British labour movement could both look towards and define itself against. British visitors both criticized and acclaimed aspects of the new Soviet state between 1919 and 1925, but a consistently exceptional finding was the Soviet prison. Analysing the visits and reports of British guests to Soviet prisons, the aims of this article are threefold. Using new material from the Russian archives, it demonstrates the development of an intense admiration for, and often a desire to replicate, the Soviet penal system on the part of Labour members, future Communists, and even Liberals who visited Soviet Russia. It also critically examines why, despite such admiration, the effect of Soviet penal ideas failed to significantly influence Labour Party policy in this area. Finally, placing these views within a broader framework of the British labour movement's internal tussles over the competing notions of social democracy and communism, it is argued that a failure to affect policy should not proscribe reappraisals of these notions or the Soviet-Labour Party relationship, both of which were more complex than is currently permitted in the established historiography. © The Author [2017]. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Soviet ionospheric modification research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, L.M.; Carlson, H.C.; Djuth, F.T.

1988-07-01

Soviet published literature in ionospheric modification research by high-power radio waves is assessed, including an evaluation of its impact on and applications to future remote-sensing and telecommunications systems. This assessment is organized to place equal emphasis on basic research activities, designed to investigate both the natural geophysical environment and fundamental plasma physics; advanced research programs, such as those studying artificial ionization processes and oblique high-power radio propagation and practical system applications and operational limitations addressed by this research. The assessment indicates that the Soviet Union sustains high-quality theoretical and experimental research programs in ionospheric modification, with a breadth and levelmore » of effort greatly exceeding comparable Western programs. Soviet theoretical research tends to be analytical and intuitive, as compared to the Western emphasis on numerical simulation techniques. The Soviet experimental approach is less exploratory, designed principally to confirm theoretical predictions. Although limited by inferior diagnostic capabilities, Soviet experimental facilities are more numerous, operate on a more regular basis, and transmit radio wave powers exceeding those os Western facilities. Because of its broad scope of activity, the Soviet Union is better poised to quickly exploit new technologies and system applications as they are developed. This panel has identified several key areas of Soviet research activity and emerging technology that may offer long-term opportunities for remote-sensing and telecommunications advantages. However, we have found no results that suggest imminent breakthrough discoveries in these fields.« less

A Summary History of Reusable Spaceplane Development in the Soviet Union

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siddiqi, A. A.

2002-01-01

Beginning the early years of space advocacy in the 1920s, the Soviets proposed a large number of winged space vehicle concepts as part of broader work on space transportation systems. These designs left an important legacy that has remained unexamined. In the 1920s, theorists and publicists such as Konstantin Tsiolkovskiy and Fridrikh Tsander were the earliest proponents of spaceplane designs. These were followed in the 1930s by the first concrete projects for rocket-propelled aircraft designed by the young Sergey Korolev. During World War II, the Soviets experimented with a number of rocket-planes, not for spaceflight, but for battle purposes. Subsequently, in the postwar years, the Soviet government for the first time funded a research project into a hypersonic winged vehicle for delivery of nuclear weapons. In later years, in the 1960s, with the growth of the Soviet space program, Soviet designers fielded a multitude of spaceplane programs that all culminated in the development of the famous Buran space shuttle. In this article, I will summarize all known hypersonic and spaceplane proposals during the Soviet era. Despite considerable funding, none of the spaceplane designs ever reached operational status. My goal is to highlight the technological lineage of Soviet and Russian reusable spaceplane concepts in the hope of illuminating design approaches that have continued to influence approaches to developing space transportation systems.

Fruit and vegetable consumption in the former Soviet Union: the role of individual- and community-level factors.

PubMed

Goryakin, Yevgeniy; Rocco, Lorenzo; Suhrcke, Marc; Roberts, Bayard; McKee, Martin

2015-10-01

To explain patterns of fruit and vegetable consumption in nine former Soviet Union countries by exploring the influence of a range of individual- and community-level determinants. Cross-sectional nationally representative surveys and area profiles were undertaken in 2010 in nine countries of the former Soviet Union as part of the Health in Times of Transition (HITT) study. Individual- and area-level determinants were analysed, taking into account potential confounding at the individual and area level. Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia and Ukraine. Adult survey respondents (n 17 998) aged 18-95 years. Being male, increasing age, lack of education and lack of financial resources were associated with lower probability of consuming adequate amounts of fruit or vegetables. Daily fruit or vegetable consumption was positively correlated with the number of shops selling fruit and vegetables (for women) and with the number of convenience stores (for men). Billboard advertising of snacks and sweet drinks was negatively related to daily fruit or vegetable consumption, although the reverse was true for billboards advertising soft drinks. Men living near a fast-food outlet had a lower probability of fruit or vegetable consumption, while the opposite was true for the number of local food restaurants. Overall fruit and vegetable consumption in the former Soviet Union is inadequate, particularly among lower socio-economic groups. Both individual- and community-level factors play a role in explaining inadequate nutrition and thus provide potential entry points for policy interventions, while the nuanced influence of community factors informs the agenda for future research.

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Use of Communications Sources: An Intercultural Investigation of Practices in the US and Russia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Anderson, Claire J.; Glassman, Myron

1997-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of U.S./Russian cultural differences in communications among scientists and engineers in applied technology industries. This is important because the advent of perestroika, the breakup of the Soviet Union, and massive moves toward privatization make Russia a potential partner in economic endeavors and, at the same time, a possible competitor in the international arena. Unfortunately the results of U.S./Soviet collaborative endeavors have not always met with expectations. Since 1987, when the former USSR adopted a law on joint ventures, evidence has emerged as to the causes of many failures of these cooperative arrangements. While international strategic alliances face many structural barriers, failures of these cooperative ventures have often resulted from a lack of understanding of the more intangible barrier of major differences in cultural environments between the partners (Cattaneo, 1992). Cultural differences not only affect business operations but also raise questions for scholars and practitioners who have advocated that U.S. management theories apply abroad. Boyacigiller and Adler (1991), Doktor, Tung, and Von Glinow (1991), and Hofstede (1993) observed that most U.S. scholars have continued to export management concepts and practices abroad assuming the concepts were universally valid despite the fact that Western organizational theory has placed little emphasis on factors such as history, social setting, culture, and government (Boyacigiller & Adler, 1991). High technology industries such as aerospace, which includes the cormmercial aviation segment, have characteristics that make the industry an excellent platform to study cultural implications for technical communications. The investigation of this group is worthwhile for several reasons. First, high technology industries are becoming more international and more engaged in collaborative endeavors. Second, the industries are highly dependent on effective innovation diffusion which, according to Fischer (1979), is essentially information exchange. And, third, studies of innovative project management have found that information availability was a critical factor in project success or failure (e.g., Link & Zmud, 1987; Tushman, 1978, 1979). We propose that a gap in the literature exists that centers on whether U.S. paradigms of commnunications behavior apply to other cultures. First, we will explore early findings in the U.S. that held that the choice of an information source was a function of the 'law of least effort' rather than quality (e.g., Allen, 1977; Cuinan, 1983; DeWhirst, 1971; Hardy, 1982; O'Reilly, 1982; Rosenberg, 1967). Second, we will explore the contingency approaches such as that of Tushman (1979) and the later work of Daft and Lengel (1984, 1987), Huber and Daft (1987) and Lengel and Daft (1988) who held that information choice was a function of the nature of the task at hand. A third issue to be addressed is the confounding problem of presumed differences between scientists and engineers in information gathering behavior (Allen, 1977). Finally, we will investigate whether cultural differences cast doubt on the applicability of findings from U.S. situations to other cultures.

The Revitalization of the Soviet Film Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bogomolov, Yuri

1991-01-01

Discusses how the grip of the Soviet Union's past--from Stalinist mythology to ideological cliche--is being exposed and undermined whereas a sense of individual efficacy, necessary for the present, has yet to emerge from the portrayals in Soviet films. (PRA)

Joint Soviet-American experiment on hypokinesia: Experimental results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burovskiy, N. N.

1979-01-01

Comprehensive results are reported from the Soviet portion of a joint Soviet-American experiment involving hypokinesia. The main emphases are on chemical analyses of blood and urine, functional tests, and examination of the cardiovascular system by electrocardiography, echocardiography, and plethysmography.

Industrial Safety Training for Soviet Workers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semenov, A.

1978-01-01

Various forms of worker training in industrial safety in the Soviet Union are described by a Soviet labor inspector, with special "industrial safety rooms" the principal means of inplant instruction. Safety education in vocational schools and "people's universities" is also touched on. (MF)

The nuclear arms debate: Ethical and political implications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johansen, R.C.

1984-01-01

This book contains the following seven papers: Moral Aspects of the Nuclear Arms Debate: The Contribution of the U.S. Catholic Bishops; The Strategic and Arms Control Implications of the Bishop's Pastoral Letter; Applying Just-War Doctrine to Nuclear Deterrence; Nuclearism in Western Culture; Mutal Assured Destruction: A Stable Nuclear Deterrent; The Prospect for a Freeze on Nuclear Weapons; and The Soviet Union and Arms Control.

The Soviet Concept of the ’Correlation of Forces’

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-05-01

activity rests on a strong foundation of objective assessments and accurate information " and that "all party docu- ments devoted to domestic problems... tekst protokolov (Thjrd Regular Congress of the Russian Social-Demoeratic Worker s Party, 1905. roll Text of the Protocols) (Moscow: State...Literature. 1949), p. 248. U pointed out at the founding conference oi the Communist Information Bureau (Comlnform) In September 1947, the

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Kommunist, No. 14, September 1987.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-06

scientific workers and representatives of yet another very young scientific offspring— undergraduate and graduate students . No such people were...interest shown by students in such problems and their lack of information and vagueness of concepts. This includes idealizing the existing situation...helps to channel the thoughts of the students in the right direction. Information published in the mass press is an important but not the only way

Changes in Land Use Intensity Within the Don and Dnieper River Basins Following the Collapse of the Soviet Union as Revealed by Spatio-temporal Trend Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovalskyy, V.; Henebry, G.

2007-12-01

We analyzed changes in trends of land surface phenology (LSP) within two major river basins in Western Eurasia. The basins of Don and Dnieper Rivers extend over 862,000 ha and include 17% of the impounded water surface area in the former Soviet Union. Major changes in agricultural practices occurring after 1991 led to some time drastic reductions in the cultivated area receiving fertilizers and the amount of water consumed for irrigation in addition to other macro-indicators of agricultural sector land use intensity. Image time series analysis can localize the extent, direction, and intensity of changes during the 1990s. Using vegetation index data from the AVHRR PAL and GIMMS datasets from 1982-1988 (Soviet period) and 1995-2000 (post-Soviet period) coupled with contemporary land cover maps from MODIS, we identified the spatial extent of temporal trends and assess their significance using seasonal Mann-Kendall tests adjusted for first-order autocorrelation. Roughly 90% of croplands and forested land in Dnieper Basin exhibited no significant trends during the Soviet period. The Don Basin had more significant positive trends during the Soviet period than the Dnieper Basin. There was a substantial disagreement between datasets on the extent of significant positive trends in Don croplands (35% for GIMMS vs. 8% for PAL) and in Don forests during Soviet period (38% for GIMMS vs. 27% for PAL). Although very little area in either basins showed significant negative trends during the Soviet period, substantial areas fell under significant negative trends during the post-Soviet period. We also found major disagreement on extent of significant negative trends in Don forests during post-Soviet period (6% for GIMMS vs. 24% for PAL). Even though, there are some significant disagreements between the datasets, there is no evidence of a consistent bias in the change analysis. Changes in irrigation water use may account for some of the changes in trend direction.

How the News Media Reported on Three Mile Island and Chernobyl.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rubin, David M.

1987-01-01

Investigates and compares events following two nuclear accidents in the United States and the Soviet Union. Considers that the accompanying flow of information shows that the optimistic bulletins of official sources provided too few facts and weakened credibility with both journalists and the public. (NKA)

Experience of Soviet Medicine in a Great Patriotic War, 1941-1945. Volume 16, Section 3.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-22

with spasm or compression of vessels by scars. For explaining the presence of the silent infection valuable information gave accurate anamnesis : the...detected accidentally. V. entered apropos of feaoral arteriovenous aneurisms. In anamnesis there was a bullet injury of shin. In the process of

Great Decisions [and] Great Decisions Activity Book. 1994 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

This book discusses foreign policy issues and provides background information on current topics. This edition examines the following major issues: (1) "Conflict in Former Yugoslavia: Quest for Solutions" (Susan L. Woodward); (2) "South Africa: Forging a Democratic Union" (Jean Herskovits); (3) "Environmental Crisis in Former Soviet Bloc: Whose…

Soviet Military Intentions in the German Democratic Republic

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-06-01

Designated Elements of East European Armed Forces Groups of Soviet Forces in the GDR, Poland... Comparativ ~ Data on Soviet and East European Military Capabilities, 19~:-19𔃿 lnt·t>rnal :’liumber Total Security Tota l of Sov iet Regular Combat

Demographics, Economics, and the Soviet Armed Forces: Implications for U.S. National Security Policy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

viable alter- natives. It is with this consideration in mind that the author approaches the study of demographic trends and the Soviet Armed Forces. iS...and activity of Soviet population and population growth, it becomes necessary to study both the impact of II L. M. Volodarsky, "Our Soviet People...even lower; in no case does the percentage of Moslems who admit to speaking Russian as a second language exceed 20%. 43 The prelimi- nary results of

Soviet Night Operations in World War II (Leavenworth Papers, Number 6)

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-01

German forces in the Crimea. The battle for the bridgehead began on 1 October, pitting six and a half German divisions against three Soviet armies...FaLd of Berlin, pp, 147-51; Chaney, Zkukov, p. 312; Sukhinin, “Combat Action,” p, 52. 49 62. Vasily Yezhakov, “The Berlin Operation,” Soviet Military...August 1980. Werth, Alexander. Russia at War, 1941-1945. New York: E. P. Dutton and co., 1964. Yezhakov, Vasily . ‘“The Berlin Operation.” Soviet

Soviet Military Thought. The Command and Staff of the Soviet Army Air Force in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 - A Soviet View,

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

missions, the long-range bombers struck the enemy’s tanks and mechanized columns on the move at crossings over the West- ern Dvina, Neman , Berezina, Drut... Neman , Narev, and Berezina. Soviet pilots firmly maintained air supremacy, preventing enemy aviation from striking the troops and targets in-the...October 1944 the regiment received the honorary title Neman for its successful combat actions while sup- porting and covering troops crossing the

U.S. and Soviet Strategic Command and Control: Implications for a Protracted Nuclear War

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-03-01

1980’s and early 1990’s. Due to effects by aurora borealis interference, the system is ineffective toward the north, hence the requirement for the North...and southern latitudes.117 1 1 6Nicholas L. Johnson, Soviet Space ProQrams 1980- 1985 66 ( San Diego : Univelt, Inc., 1987), p. 56. 11 7Johnson, Soviet...J. Cimbala. 341-349. Washington, D.C.: AFCEA International Press, 1987. _ Soviet Space Programs 1980-1985. Vol. 66. San Diego , CA: Univelt Inc., 1987

The Role of Shevardnadze and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the Making of Soviet Defense and Arms Control Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

changes either in the MFA or in Soviet foreign and defense policy. This situation began to change in May 1986, when Gorbachev gave an unusual speech to the...MFA in which he demanded better performance from Soviet diplomats. Although it was later reported that Gorbachev’s speech contained strong criticism...July 1988 with a sweeping critique of Soviet strategy and ,military policy since World War II. Subsequent speeches and articles in MFA-controlled

Soviet-Eastern European Research and Training Act of 1983. Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, Ninety-Eighth Congress, First Session on S. 873.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

Hearings on a bill to establish a Soviet and Eastern-European research training fund are presented. The Senate bill, the Soviet-East European Research and Training Act of 1983, identifies priorities in Soviet and East European studies and seeks to develop American resources and strength in these areas. It provides fellowships for training and…

76 FR 26791 - [Public Notice 7108

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-09

... the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union; Notice of Committee Renewal Renewal of Advisory... Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union. This advisory committee makes... Program on Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (Title VIII). These...

Distribution, Magnitude and Characterization of the Toxicity of Ukrainian Estuarine Sediments

EPA Science Inventory

During the Soviet era, Ukraine, then called the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic, was one of the largest and most important industrial and agricultural regions of the Soviet Union. This industrial and agricultural activity resulted in the contamination of Ukraine’s environmen...

Educational Stratification in Russia during the Soviet Period.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerber, Theodore P.; Hout, Michael

1995-01-01

Maintains that, in spite of state efforts to reduce educational inequities, stratification actually increased during the Soviet period. Removing gender preferences for men corrected some inequity. However, parents' education, occupation, and geographical origin contributed to the stratification. Contains a concise history of Soviet educational…

Esthetic Education in Soviet Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soviet Education, 1980

1980-01-01

This issue of Soviet Education examines esthetic education in Soviet schools, including ways of raising the level of esthetic education, the factor of labor, research on the relationship between the atheistic and esthetic education, ways of amplifying interrelationship between theory and practice in teacher education and psychological principles…

Recent Soviet Vocationalisation Policies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Dell, Felicity

The Soviet Union is attempting to deal with the sometimes conflicting problems of efficient vocationalization and provision of equal opportunity. From the first class of general school, Soviet children have several "labor" lessons a week. Main components of these lessons are practical skills, socialization for work, and vocational…

The Adversary System in Low-Level Soviet Economic Decisionmaking.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

34- ° .. 78 - capital or a few countertrade agreements, will solve their problems for them. This is markedly different from the overall Soviet pattern...currency countertrade practice, the considerations of this Note would permit further refinement of predictions of Soviet economic decisionmaking that

Divorce in the USSR.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moskoff, William

1983-01-01

Examined the extraordinary increase in the Soviet divorce rate and the impact of Soviet law. While alcoholism, adultery, and incompatability are ostensible major causes, Soviet housing problems and the changed role of women have contributed to divorce rates. Also discusses psychological and socioeconomic consequences of divorce. (Author/JAC)

View of Soviet ionospheric modification research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, L.M.; Showen, R.L.

1990-10-01

We have reviewed and provided a technical assessment of Soviet research of the past five to ten years in ionospheric modification by high-power radio waves. This review includes a comprehensive survey of Soviet published literature, conference proceedings, and direct discussions with the involved Soviet researchers. The current state of the art for Soviet research in this field is evaluated, identifying areas of potential breakthrough discoveries, and discussing implications of this work for emerging technologies and future applications. This assessment is divided into the categories of basic research, advanced research, and applications. Basic research is further subdivided into studies of themore » modified natural geophysical environment, nonlinear plasma physics, and polar geophysical studies. Advanced research topics include the generation of artificial ionization mirrors and high-power oblique propagation effects. A separate comparative assessment of Soviet theoretical work also is included in this analysis. Our evaluation of practical and potential applications of this research discusses the utility of ionospheric modification in creating disturbed radio wave propagation environments, and its role in current and future remote-sensing and telecommunications systems. This technical assessment does not include consideration of ionospheric modification by means other than high-power radio waves. The Soviet effort in ionospheric modification sustains theoretical and experimental research at activity levels considerably greater than that found in comparable programs in the West. Notable strengths of the Soviet program are its breadth of coverage, large numbers of scientific participation, theoretical creativity and insight, and its powerful radio wave transmitting facilities.« less

International Influences on Post-Soviet Armenian Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terzian, Shelley

2016-01-01

This article analyses the most recent international influences on Armenian education, illustrating how international standards are driving post-Soviet reform in the Armenian Secondary Schools. Since 1991, when Armenia became independent from the Soviet Union, organisations such as the World Bank and the Open Society Institute Assistance…

The Origins of Soviet Sociolinguistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandist, Craig

2003-01-01

Discusses the origins of Soviet sociolinguistics and suggests that the historical significance of the reception and reinterpretation of these ideas is considerable, leading to a reconsideration of the origins of sociolinguistics and the relationship between Marxism and the language sciences in the early years of the Soviet Union. (Author/VWL)

Strategic Utility of the Russian Spetsnaz

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

11  B.  POST -WORLD WAR II SOVIET ERA ................................................14  1.  Khrushchev...17  3.  Gorbachev .....................................................................................18  C.  POST ...region in Ukraine. The selection of these campaigns aims to identify patterns of Soviet and post - Soviet era employment of Spetsnaz. Although the

Mailed Fist, Velvet Glove: Soviet Armed Forces as a Political Instrument

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-30

the Nineteenth anJ Twentieth Party Congress, 1952-1956. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1959. Erickson, John. Soviet Military Power. Washington: United...York. Dunellen, 1971. B-19 Kintner, William R. and Harriet Fast Scott, ads. The Nuclear Revolution in Soviet Military Affairs. Norman: University of

Designing Ships to the Natural Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

and Soviet Destroyer Seakeeping (Soviet Kotlin -Class Destroyer on Right, U.S. 710 Class on Left) .... 19 2 - Outline of Seakeeping Performance...SPRAY ON THE BRIDGE. THE SOVIET KOTLIN -CLASS DESTROYER OPERATING IN CLOSE PROXIMITY TO THE CARRIER TASK GROUP APPEARED TO BE TAKING NO WAIER OVER THE

Measuring Glasnost in and out of the U.S.S.R.

PubMed

Cutler, B

1988-02-01

Initiatives in the USSR, characterized by General Secretary Mikhail Gorbachev as "glasnost" (openness) and "perestroika" (restructuring), come after almost a decade of change in the People's Republic of China, yet the Soviet experiment, which emphasizes market activities, is hardly a monolithic effort. In 1982, the 286 million Soviet citizens who live on 2 continents will be affected by "perestroika" in markedly different ways. The complex demographics of the USSR will figure significantly in determining those unequal effects. It is likely, if Gorbachev's campaign continues as intended, that patient exporters who explore the new Soviet arena to test their marketing skills will experience success. In fact, the USSR has been conducting business with the US for years. To date, nearly a dozen corporations have signed joint ventures with the Soviet Union, and at least 50 more have expressed an interest. Those companies with long-standing Soviet relationships are most interested; they are familiar with the bureaucratic obstacles and have a network of Soviet contacts. Gorbachev has made it clear that the Soviet economy needs basic foreign technology to move into the 21st century on an equal footing with other industrialized nations. Along with attracting foreign capital, the USSR must get its domestic house in order. The growth in the gross national product, which hovered at an annual 2.5% in the early 1980s, must double, according to the Twelfth Five Year Plan (1986-90). The 1988 population of 286 million has relatively few men, particularly in older age groups, and a growing ethnic mix. Of late, planners have made a concerted effort to narrow the gap among ethnic groups by expanding maternity benefits and health care. The most immediate consequences of the changing ethnic structure emerge in the labor force. Entry-level workers are scarce in European Russia, where about 60% of all Soviet industrial activity takes place and will become more scarce in coming years. Gorbachev has tried to cut the consumption of alcohol, for in the past decade the Soviets devoted almost as many rubles to drink as to food. Alcohol abuse caused life expectancy to drop from 65 to 62 years for Soviet men and from 74 to 73 years for Soviet women between 1970-79. Some of the reasons for an unprecedented rise in infant mortality include influenza epidemics, poor prenatal care, a large number of abortions per woman, a decline in breastfeeding, and a delay in seeking medical attention for infants. Soviet workers have saved billions of rubles over many years simply because there is little available to buy.

Learning about the Soviets: Selected Teaching Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Educators for Social Responsibility, Cambridge, MA.

Over 120 resources for teaching secondary and postsecondary level students about the Soviet Union, most of which have been produced since 1980, are listed in this guide. A resource list focusing on "Ten Things Soviets Say You Should Read to Understand Them" precedes annotated citations of articles; books; curricula; organizations…

The Food Connection: Transforming the U.S.-Soviet Relationship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Lester R.

1982-01-01

The increased dependence of the USSR on United States food exports may signal a major shift in the balance of power between the two nations. The impact of this shift on U.S.-Soviet relations, the Soviet agricultural system, and the world economic system is examined. (AM)

An Interview with Beatrice Beach Szekely

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steiner-Khamsi, Gita

2007-01-01

This article presents an interview with Beatrice Beach Szekely, a comparative education scholar that specialized in the Soviet Union. She was editor of the journal "Soviet Education" from 1970 to 1989. During the interview, Szekely talked about how she became personally involved in Russian/Soviet studies of education. She related that…

The Soviet Union: Population Trends and Dilemmas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feshbach, Murray

1982-01-01

Recent trends and differentials among the Soviet Union's 15 republics and major nationalities are reviewed, focusing on fertility, mortality and urbanization, the prospect for labor supplies and military manpower, emigration, and projected population growth to 2000. Estimated at 270 million as of mid-1982, the Soviet population is currently…

Observations on a Recent Trip to the Former Soviet Union

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-26

published by Marshal Vasiley Danilovich Soko- lovskiy in his book Military Strategy.6 Everyone that we talked to agreed that the strategic missions of the...6) Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasiley Danilovich Sokolovskiy, ed., Soviet Military Strategy, 3rd ed., with an analysis and commentary by Harriet

Arms Control and National Security.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Daniel O.

1985-01-01

From the Soviet perspective arms control agreements merely hold the United States in check while the Soviets, who don't feel bound by such agreements, obtain military advantages. The United States must move quickly to redress the strategic military balance that now favors the Soviets. We must emphasize areas like space. (RM)

Socialization of the Child in the Soviet Union.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sandanavicius, Mary

1979-01-01

The socialization process of the child in the Soviet Union is examined in terms of socialistic/communistic political philosophy and the general attitudes of the Soviets toward social sciences, child rearing, and educational practice. The family, school, and youth organizations are also discussed as socializing agents. (Author/KC)

The Limits of Intervention: Soviet Naval Power Projection Capabilities and the Decision to Intervene.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-01

the Russo-Japanese War of 1905, there is no history of major Soviet naval battles since the advent of steam. To a certain extent the lessons of the ...two fronts by the cther groups. Cuban ships and aircraft had begun reinforcing their ticops and 17C Soviet advisors were in country by 13 Iovember. In... the advent of the SA-N-6 for the Soviets) the number Qf targets per SAM was equal t9 the nun oter radars.to gulq the missi es

Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (with Supplementary Data through 1983). Unmanned Space Activities. Part 3. Prepared at the Request of Hon. John C. Danforth, Chairman, Committee on Commerce, Science and Transportation, United States Senate, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation.

This report, the third and final part of a three-part study of Soviet space programs, provides a comprehensive survey of the Soviet space science programs and the Soviet military space programs, including its long history of anti-satellite activity. Chapter 1 is an overview of the unmanned space programs (1957-83). Chapter 2 reports on significant…

Soviet scientists in chinese institutes: A historical study of cooperation between the two academies of sciences in 1950s.

PubMed

Zhang, Jiuchen; Yu, Feklova T

2018-03-01

In the 1950s, the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) engaged in close cooperation with the Soviet Academy of Sciences. The CAS sent scientists to the Soviet Academy to work as interns, study for advanced degrees, or engage in academic cooperation, and a large number of Soviet scientists were invited by the various institutes of the CAS to come to China to give lectures, direct research, help make scientific plans, and collaborate. The comprehensive cooperation between the two academies was launched at a time when the CAS institutes were in their embryonic stage, which suggests that the better-established Soviet scientists had the opportunity to play a dominate role. But the reality is not so straightforward. The case studies in this paper suggest that besides the influence of compatible political movements in China and the Soviet Union and bilateral ties between these two nations' scientific institutes, disharmony in actual working relationships prevented Soviet scientists from playing the role they might have envisioned within the CAS institutes. The rapid development of the cooperative relationship in a short span of time, combined with lack of experience on both sides, made for a disharmonious collaboration. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Changing soviet doctrine on nuclear war. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

FitzGerald, M.C.

In January 1977, General Secretary L. I. Brezhnev delivered an address in the city of Tula whose impact on Soviet doctrine and capabilities continues to this day. By rejecting the possibility of a means of defense against nuclear weapons, or a damage-limiting capacity in nuclear war, Brezhnev closed the door on a debate that had lasted for over a decade in Soviet military thought. Since Tula, the Soviet politico-military leadership has presented a consensus on the reality of Mutual Assured Destruction in present-day conditions. The Soviet debate on the viability of nuclear war as an instrument of policy was likewisemore » resolved by a consensus: nuclear war is so unpromising and dangerous that it remains an instrument of policy only in theory, an instrument of policy that cannot be used. While the Soviet consensus on the diminishing military utility of nuclear weapons represents a ground-breaking shift in doctrine since the heyday of Marshal Sokolovskiy, there is scant evidence of any dispute on the new correlation of war and policy in a nuclear age. Marshal N. V. Ogarkov and other hard-minded military figures have themselves emerged as the architects of the Soviet shift away from a nuclear war-fighting and war-winning strategy, while General Secretary Gorbachev has fashioned a corresponding arms control agenda.« less

Issues Confronting Geographic Educators in Europe and the USSR: The View from IGU.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monk, Janice

Major changes in European and Russian geography instruction primarily at the secondary level are reviewed and implications of these changes for American geographic education are suggested. The information on European and Russian education, taken from papers presented at the 1976 International Geographical Union meetings in the Soviet Union,…

Nuclear Powerplant Safety: Source Terms. Nuclear Energy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Energy, Washington, DC. Nuclear Energy Office.

There has been increased public interest in the potential effects of nuclear powerplant accidents since the Soviet reactor accident at Chernobyl. People have begun to look for more information about the amount of radioactivity that might be released into the environment as a result of such an accident. When this issue is discussed by people…

Open Education: A Learning Conversation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grush, Mary

2010-01-01

The term "open education" has been in use at least since the 1920s, when it emerged as an educational experiment in the Soviet Union. But since the spread of the internet in the late 20th century, open education has come to be inextricably associated with information technology. The William and Flora Hewlett Foundation Open Educational Resources…

Professional Competence of Teachers in the Age of Globalization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orazbayeva, Kuldarkhan O.

2016-01-01

Current challenges of globalization in a democratic post-industrial information society make the competency-based approach a standard in the creation of the global educational environment. This study describes the special aspects of the integration of the competency-based approach into the educational theory and practice of post-Soviet countries,…

Inviting and Sponsoring Soviet Guests: A Handbook for American Hosts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute for Soviet-American Relations, Washington, DC.

The purpose of this handbook is to encourage exchange visits between citizens of the United States and the USSR. Person-to-person encounters remain the most effective means of bringing home the reality that people from diverse cultures do share similar needs, emotions, and aspirations. The information provided is intended for individuals and…

Smena: Case Study of a Soviet Sport School for Elite Young Athletes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jefferies, Stephen C.

This paper describes "Smena," a Specialist Children's and Young People's Sport School of Olympic Reserves, located in Leningrad, which trains elite young soccer players. Information is given on: (1) the facilities of the school; (2) the schools' long-range individual and team goals; (3) instructional methods and hours; (4) the…

U.S. Government Security Response to Attacks on its Diplomatic Missions, 1979-2012: How Effective?

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-14

Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet 14 Invasion to September 10, 2001 contained relevant information...with the totals from the other fiscal year budgets, to show the department’s budget authority from 1979 through 2012. History of the Bureau of

Revisiting informal payments in 29 transitional countries: The scale and socio-economic correlates.

PubMed

Habibov, Nazim; Cheung, Alex

2017-04-01

This study assesses informal payments (IPs) in 29 transitional countries using a fully comparable household survey. The countries of the former Soviet Union, especially those in the Caucasus and Central Asia, exhibit the highest scale of IPs, followed by Southern Europe, and then Eastern Europe. The lowest and the highest scale of IPs were in Slovenia (2.7%) and Azerbaijan (73.9%) respectively. We found that being from a wealthier household, experiencing lower quality of healthcare in the form of long waiting times, lack of medicines, absence of personnel, and disrespectful treatment, and having relatives to help when needed, are associated with a higher odds ratio of IPs. Conversely, working for the government is associated with a lower odds ratio of IPs. Living in the countries of the former Soviet Union and in Mongolia is associated with the highest likelihood of IPs, and this is followed by the countries of the Southern Europe. In contrast, living in the countries of Eastern Europe is associated with the lowest likelihood of IPs. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Moving East: how the transnational tobacco industry gained entry to the emerging markets of the former Soviet Union-part II: an overview of priorities and tactics used to establish a manufacturing presence.

PubMed

Gilmore, A B; McKee, M

2004-06-01

To explore how British American Tobacco (BAT), having established cigarette imports, responded to the opportunities for investment in cigarette manufacturing in the former Soviet Union (FSU). Analysis of documents held at the BAT archive in Guildford, UK. Considerable priority was attached to investing in the FSU. This led BAT to undertake a major organisational change and to intense competition to acquire assets. BAT used flawed economic arguments to persuade cash starved governments that its investment would reap economic rewards. It offered excise advice that disadvantaged governments while benefiting BAT, confused issues over pricing, and avoided competitive tendering. BAT targeted agriculture ministries, using its expertise in leaf production to differentiate itself from other potential investors. It subverted the principles of corporate social responsibility to promote itself as a business partner. BAT's task was made easier by the naivety of post-Soviet governments and by the international financial organisations' support for rapid economic reform. The latter permitted tobacco transnationals to penetrate markets before effective competitive tendering processes had been established, giving them the opportunity to minimise prices and establish monopolies. Many of the arguments employed when penetrating post-Soviet markets were highly misleading but governments lacked expertise to realise this. There is a need to build tobacco control capacity in transition economies, within and outside government, to ensure that governments are better informed of the true economic and health impacts of tobacco. Rapid transition from socialist to market economies without establishing regulatory institutional structures may be dangerous when investing companies use business practices that fall short of international standards.

Moving East: how the transnational tobacco industry gained entry to the emerging markets of the former Soviet Union—part II: an overview of priorities and tactics used to establish a manufacturing presence

PubMed Central

Gilmore, A; McKee, M

2004-01-01

Objectives: To explore how British American Tobacco (BAT), having established cigarette imports, responded to the opportunities for investment in cigarette manufacturing in the former Soviet Union (FSU). Design: Analysis of documents held at the BAT archive in Guildford, UK. Results: Considerable priority was attached to investing in the FSU. This led BAT to undertake a major organisational change and to intense competition to acquire assets. BAT used flawed economic arguments to persuade cash starved governments that its investment would reap economic rewards. It offered excise advice that disadvantaged governments while benefiting BAT, confused issues over pricing, and avoided competitive tendering. BAT targeted agriculture ministries, using its expertise in leaf production to differentiate itself from other potential investors. It subverted the principles of corporate social responsibility to promote itself as a business partner. BAT's task was made easier by the naivety of post-Soviet governments and by the international financial organisations' support for rapid economic reform. The latter permitted tobacco transnationals to penetrate markets before effective competitive tendering processes had been established, giving them the opportunity to minimise prices and establish monopolies. Conclusions: Many of the arguments employed when penetrating post-Soviet markets were highly misleading but governments lacked expertise to realise this. There is a need to build tobacco control capacity in transition economies, within and outside government, to ensure that governments are better informed of the true economic and health impacts of tobacco. Rapid transition from socialist to market economies without establishing regulatory institutional structures may be dangerous when investing companies use business practices that fall short of international standards. PMID:15175532

International Contacts of the USSR in the Field of Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Il'chenko, V. L.; Sokol, V. V.

1992-01-01

Traces the history and development of the Soviet Union's international educational contacts. Describes the period in which the Soviet Union strove to be the educational leader for the Eastern communist bloc and the developing nations of Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Concludes that the Soviet educational system be opened to the world educational…

Arms Control and the Strategic Defense Initiative: Three Perspectives. Occasional Paper 36.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hough, Jerry F.; And Others

Three perspectives on President Ronald Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), which is intended to defend U.S. targets from a Soviet nuclear attack, are presented in separate sections. In the first section, "Soviet Interpretation and Response," Jerry F. Hough examines possible reasons for Soviet preoccupation with SDI. He discusses…

Understanding the Soviet Threat: The Necessity of Analyzing Soviet Military Thought and Actions from a Soviet Perspective.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

discipline comparable to physics or chemistry in its application. This concept is quite unusual for an American, as military affairs are not often studied in...Sanderson cites definitions from The Pocket Oxford Dictionary, The 67 Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology , and Blackie ’s Compact Etymological

Youth Protests against Education Privatization Reforms in Post-Soviet States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silova, Iveta; Brezheniuk, Viktoriia; Kudasova, Marina; Mun, Olga; Artemev, Nikolai

2014-01-01

This article examines youth protests against education privatization in the post-Soviet countries of Latvia, Russia, and Ukraine. Drawing on a sample of online sources and scholarly articles, this study uses critical discourse analysis and visual methodologies to examine why and how post-Soviet university students have organized to protest against…

Vospitanie and Regime Change: Teacher-Education Textbooks in Soviet and Post-Soviet Ukraine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bogachenko, Tatiana; Perry, Laura

2015-01-01

This article examines the pedagogical dimension of vospitanie, or character formation, in communist and post-communist education. It explores how vospitanie is conceptualized in two teacher-education textbooks--one from each period--in Ukraine, a post-Soviet country. Comparative analysis shows how conceptualizations of vospitanie have evolved over…

Socialism and Education in Cuba and Soviet Uzbekistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charon-Cardona, Euridice

2013-01-01

During the Cold War over half a million Asians, Africans and Latin Americans studied and graduated in the Soviet Union's universities and technical schools as part of this country's educational aid policies. Cuba was an intermediary player in the Cold War geopolitical contest between the United States and the Soviet Union, fuelled by the…

Soviet Counterinsurgency Operations in Afghanistan (1979-1988)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-29

Soviet commitment in Afghanistan. was to be an "economy of force" mission, with the focus of Red Army combat power to remain in the European theatre ...critically for its operational and tactical resupply capability. ’’The Soviets in Afghanis4Ul,li1ce the Americansin Vietnam, discovered thai helicopters were

Soviet strategic nuclear doctrine under Gorbachev. Study project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winkel, R.J.

This paper examines Soviet offensive strategic nuclear doctrine under General Secretary and President Mikail S. Gorbachev. The development of Soviet nuclear doctrine starting with the Stalin era is reviewed. A close look at those pieces of Gorbachev's new thinking that pertain to nuclear weapons doctrine are presented. Implications for U.S. strategy are offered.

Beyond Linguistic Policy: The Soviet Union Versus Estonia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rannut, Mart

1991-01-01

Discussion of the role of non-Russian languages in the Soviet Union (USSR) focuses on the history of ethnic group languages and language policy in Estonia since the collapse of totalitarianism. A historical overview of Soviet Union language policy is offered, with attention given to the ideological goals influencing policy, and their realization…

The Soviet Censorship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewhirst, Martin, Ed.; Farrell, Robert, Ed.

This book contains the proceedings of a symposium which are intended to be a general survey on the nature of Soviet censorship, its effect on literature in the USSR, and the role of such censorship in the intellectual life of a large part of the world. Contents include: "What Is the Soviet Censorship?" which is an attempt to define the…

Is Less More? Soviet Science in the Gorbachev Era.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balzer, Harley D.

1985-01-01

Examines the gap between American and Soviet science, tracing the gap to overcentralization, an aversion to risk, and emphasis on theory at the expense of application. Indicates that Soviet leaders are aware of some of the problems but that barriers to reform remain strong and prospects for real change are limited. (JN)

Soviet Arts Curriculum Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

San Diego County Office of Education, CA.

This extensive curriculum guide was written in conjunction with the San Diego Arts Festival of Soviet Arts in 1989. It aimed to provide teachers with insights and ideas about arts in the Soviet Union before, during, and after the Arts Festival. A curriculum model is presented at the beginning of the guide to illustrate how the lessons were…

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Military Affairs, 70th Anniversary of the Soviet Armed Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-27

frankness," emphasized Mikhail Sergeyevich Gor- bachev, "has begun to make headway in world affairs, destroying the stereotypes of anti-Sovietism...present he is successfully studying in a military academy. Officer V. Makeyev has great authority among the mis- sile troops. He has been standing

News Media Use and Adolescents' Attitudes about Nuclear Issues: An American-Soviet Comparison.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, John P.; And Others

1989-01-01

Examines linkages between media use and attitudes from a survey of Soviet and American teenagers. Finds that all youths show a great concern about the possible effects of nuclear war, with heavy media users in both countries more optimistic, but the relation was stronger among Soviet students. (MS)

A Survey of Progress in Coding Theory in the Soviet Union. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kautz, William H.; Levitt, Karl N.

The results of a comprehensive technical survey of all published Soviet literature in coding theory and its applications--over 400 papers and books appearing before March 1967--are described in this report. Noteworthy Soviet contributions are discussed, including codes for the noiseless channel, codes that correct asymetric errors, decoding for…

Seeing the Forest and the Trees: Western Forestry Systems and Soviet Engineers, 1955-1964.

PubMed

Kochetkova, Elena

This article examines the transfer of technology from Finnish enterprises to Soviet industry during the USSR's period of technological modernization between 1955 and 1964. It centers on the forestry sector, which was a particular focus of modernization programs and a key area for the transfer of foreign techniques and expertise. The aim of the article is to investigate the role of trips made by Soviet specialists to foreign (primarily Finnish) enterprises in order to illustrate the nontechnological influences that occurred during the transfer of technologies across the cold war border. To do so, the article is divided into two parts: the first presents a general analysis of technology transfer from a micro-level perspective, while the second investigates the cultural influences behind technological transfer in the Soviet-Finnish case. This study contends that although the Soviet government expected its specialists to import advanced foreign technical experience, they brought not only the technologies and expertise needed for modernizing the industry, but also a changed view on Soviet workplace management and everyday practices.

Scientific and technical training in the Soviet Union

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spearman, M. L.

1983-01-01

Specific features and observations on the Soviet educational system and areas of apparent effectiveness are presented, noting that the literacy rate is over 98 percent in 1982. Educational goals are reoriented every five years to match with other projections of five-year plans. The Soviet constitution established strong educational goals, including schools, correspondence courses, lectures in native tongues, free tuition, and vocational training. The educational pattern from pre-school through graduate school lasts over 28 yr and contains two 2-yr periods of work, confined to specialties after graduate school. Mathematics is emphasized, as are physics, Marxism, and a foreign language. Approximately 300,000 engineers were graduated in the Soviet Union in 1982, compared with the 20-yr U.S. average of 50,000/yr. About 2/3 of Soviet engineers participate in defense work, a number which is four times the total number of U.S. engineers. It is asserted that the continual indoctrination, organization, and practical work experience will guarantee that the Soviet state will remain a dominant force in the world as long as centralized state control can be carried out.

Robert Bartini and His Contribution to the Development of Transport and Aviation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Težak, Sergej

2017-10-01

After the First World War, the young Soviet Union (USSR) desperately needed new engineers and scientists who would provide the new country with development of modern industry and transportation. At that time, Western European countries had knowledge and experience, especially in the field of aviation. One of the young engineers was Robert Bartini, who was educated in Austria-Hungary and Italy, and graduated from Milan Polytechnic Institute. In 1923, he fled Italy to escape Fascists and emigrated in Soviet Union. This article is a brief description of aircraft designer Robert Bartini and his role in the development of the military, passenger and transport aviation. In addition, it presents his vision of the intercontinental and continental high-speed transport, which was his focus in the last years of his work and creation. He worked as a researcher and expert in the former Soviet Union, therefore, more detailed and relevant information on his work has been revealed to the public in recent years. In Russia, he is very popular as a researcher and developer. There are many books about him in Russian and Italian language, but not in English. Thus, his work is still quite unknown in the West. He was born in Kanjiza (today Serbia) in 1897, and spent his youth in Fiume (Rijeka, today Croatia).

President Ford and both the Soviet and American ASTP crews

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

President Gerald R. Ford removes the Soviet Soyuz spacecraft model from a model set depicting the 1975 Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP), an Earth orbital docking and rendezvous mission with crewmen from the U.S. and USSR. From left to right, Vladamir A. Shatalov, Chief, Cosmonaut training; Valeriy N. Kubasov, ASTP Soviet engineer; Aleksey A. Leonov, ASTP Soviet crew commander; Thomas P. Stafford, commander of the American crew; Donald K. Slayton, American docking module pilot; Vance D. Brand, command module pilot for the American crew. Dr. George M Low, Deputy Administrator for NASA is partially obscured behind President Ford.

The Experience of Soviet Medicine in World War II 1941-1945. Volume I.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-25

Soviet state has withstood the tests of war and shown itself to be viable." During World War II, the noble humanism of the Soviet Army, the army...factors if one looks at the health records of the Russian Army during World War I in 1914-1918. In spite of the fact that in this war the pos...to duty in the Russian Army varied in limits of X.6 40-45% and in any case did not exceed 50%. In the Soviet Army during World War II, more than 72

Soviet News and Propaganda Analysis Based on RED STAR (The Official Newspaper of the Soviet Defense Establishment) for the Period 1-31 January 1983. Volume 3, Number 1, 1983.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

soldiers admire and emlate Soviet soldiers ." The overall coverage of Soviet domestic topics and events did not sign- if icantly chapg during January...must be demanding, strict and adhere to the rules of their superior officers. a Soldiers need to work as a team. e Officers must be united when they...decide how strict they should be with their men. e Improve discipline through just punishment. * Soldiers must learn to respect the laws. e Political

U.S.-U.S.S.R. Seminar on Access to Library Resources through Technology and Preservation (Washington, D.C., July 5-8, 1988). Papers by U.S.S.R. Participants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Research and Exchange Board, New York, NY.

This document contains 13 papers by Soviet participants in the U.S.-U.S.S.R. Seminar on Access to Library Resources through Technology and Preservation: (1) "Automation of Information-Library Work at Scientific and Technical Libraries of the U.S.S.R." (A. S. Sorokin and V. M. Rostovtsev); (2) "Automated Information Systems for…

Country Profile: International Education in Schools in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kovalenko, Yury I.

1982-01-01

International education is central to Soviet education because of the many different nationalities in the USSR. Students learn about the history and cultures of the Soviet Union, as well as about the history of other nations. Special attention is paid to understanding the causes of war and conditions for peace. (IS)

78 FR 29200 - Advisory Committee for the Study of Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-17

... the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union; Notice of Committee Renewal I. Renewal of Advisory... Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union. This advisory committee makes... Program on Eastern Europe and the Independent States of the Former Soviet Union (Title VIII). These...

Dosimetric investigations of cosmic radiation aboard the Kosmos-936 AES (joint Soviet-American experiment K-206)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benton, E. V.; Kovalyev, Y. Y.; Dudkin, V. Y.

1980-01-01

The Soviet and American parts of the experiment are described separately. Particular attention was given to the following problems: placement of the detectors; study of neutron radiation within the biosatellite; and studies of fragmentation of heavy nuclei on accelerators. Unified methods were developed for the calibration of Soviet and American detectors.

The Problem of Personality in Soviet and Russian Pedagogics. Research Bulletin 86.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ronkonen, Lyyli; Skripjuk, Igor

There is no comprehensive understanding of the idea of personality in Soviet and Russian pedagogics. Past discussions about personality have focused on personality orientation as determined by the prevailing motives that explain the behavior and conduct of man. In soviet psychology, the nature of man is considered to be his relations to other men,…

The Politics of Clay: The American-Soviet Mural Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Preston, Lynn

1990-01-01

Describes a U.S.-Soviet mural project where citizens from Milwaukee, Wisconsin and citizens from Leningrad created two peace murals--one in the United States and the other in the Soviet Union. The murals were exchanged. Participants made their own clay using dry clay and water before creating their impressions of peace and friendship. (KM)

Gorbachev's Foreign Policy: How Should the United States Respond? Headline Series No. 284.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Legvold, Robert; And Others

After three years in power, Soviet leader, Mikhail S. Gorbachev, has emphasized that he intends to carry out a restructuring of the Soviet system in an effort to make the Soviet economy capable of assimilating the opportunities offered by contemporary science, technology and methods of management. Chapter 1, a brief introduction, stresses that…

The Presentation of American Cultural Events in the Soviet Press (1977-1979).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Katherine A.

A content analysis of selected Soviet newspapers and magazines was conducted to examine what cultural events from the United States were featured in the Soviet press, whether the event or artist was presented favorably or unfavorably, and whether the stories were used to make an ideological statement. Nine publications were examined over a…

Multilingualism in Post-Soviet Countries: Language Revival, Language Removal, and Sociolinguistic Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pavlenko, Aneta

2008-01-01

Since the post-Soviet context is not particularly well known to the majority of readers, the author uses this introduction to provide a general background against which developments in particular post-Soviet countries can be better understood. The author begins by placing these developments in the sociohistoric context of language policies of the…

Processing and analysis of commercial satellite image data of the nuclear accident near Chernobyl, U.S.S.R.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sadowski, Franklin G.; Covington, Steven J.

1987-01-01

Advanced digital processing techniques were applied to Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) data and SPOT highresolution visible (HRV) panchromatic data to maximize the utility of images of a nuclear powerplant emergency at Chernobyl in the Soviet Ukraine. The images demonstrate the unique interpretive capabilities provided by the numerous spectral bands of the Thematic Mapper and the high spatial resolution of the SPOT HRV sensor.

EXTENDING THE UNITED STATES NUCLEAR DETERRENCE UMBRELLA TO THE MIDDLE EAST

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

the oil fields of the Persian Gulf.”27 This policy supported a larger US strategic objective to contain Soviet expansion, and was applied to Saudi... uranium ore concentrate produced by Iran… containment and surveillance of centrifuge rotors and bellows… use of IAEA-approved and certified modern...Caravelli, Jack. Beyond Sand & Oil : The Nuclear Middle East. Santa Barbara, CA: Praeger, 2011. Central Intelligence Agency website. “The World Factbook

Fighting Proliferation New Concerns for the Nineties,

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-09-01

assuming this dominates the error in measuring material unaccounted for [ MUFI ) and with a material-balance calculation done once a year, the absolute value...defenses, the Soviet economy, and the Salvadoran land-reform program. Dr Blair, who earned a BA in mathematics from the University of Tennessee and a PhD...California, Berkeley; and UCLA. Dr Weiss is the author of numerous technical papers on various aspects of applied mathematics , especially automatic control

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, World Economy and International Relations, Number 2, February 1990.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-21

of the simplistic line of reasoning was too strong, and the new concept was too unusual. The main reason, however, was the exceptional complexity ...many other problems which were previously considered strictly internal. This also applies to participation in the joint resolution of global problems...would give rise to the need to resolve the complex issues of the verification of the elimination itself and, possibly, of the production of fissionable

The Soviet Involvement in the Ogaden War

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

Somali border with the only good airport in the Oqaden, to fiqht riqhtists in northwestern Ethiopia. 2 1 Once the Somalis did invade, Moscow played for...Monpoerer rioe of the International Studies Association. Chese Planning and Organization Design. Streaa Italy. 20 Perk Plaze Hotel. St. Louis. Missouri...Jr, . Th Transpor PoPert- of Diute Gases ia Applied Fgelds. 183 pp. Mal PP 264 1979 Werland. Robert G . ’The US Navy on the Pacific, Past. Present

JPRS Report. Soviet Union: World Economy & International Relations, No. 5, May 1987

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-22

at the same time substitute for their creative assertiveness and intuition. This applies not only to the elite group of researchers and designers ...achieved such large-scale results in such a short period of time. Not only quantitative but primarily qualitative results. And not simply in the...into A GROUP OF PERSONALITIES, each of which and all together in time acquiring growing importance in history? Today, in the era of reconstruction

USSR Report, International Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-24

them the fruit of experience accumulated in the Soviet Union concerning planning and scien- tific research, as well as the drafting of plans for...topersjst in cooperation, with President 82 Albert-Bernard (Omar) Bongo öf Gabon in applying efforts to achieve national reconciliation in Chad under the...OAU aegis. Bongo was entrus- ted with the täskjof taking measures to reVive the work of, the special OAÜ mediatory committee for achieving a Chad

Suicide rates and socioeconomic factors in Eastern European countries after the collapse of the Soviet Union: trends between 1990 and 2008.

PubMed

Kõlves, Kairi; Milner, Allison; Värnik, Peeter

2013-07-01

After the collapse of the Soviet Union the various Eastern European (EE) countries adapted in different ways to the social, political and economic changes. The present study aims to analyse whether the factors related to social integration and regulation are able to explain the changes in the suicide rate in EE. A separate analysis of suicide rates, together with the undetermined intent mortality (UD), was performed. A cross-sectional time-series design and applied a panel data fixed-effects regression technique was used in analyses. The sample included 13 countries from the former Soviet bloc between 1990 and 2008. Dependent variables were gender-specific age-adjusted suicide rates and suicide plus UD rates. Independent variables included unemployment, GDP, divorce rate, birth rate, the Gini index, female labour force participation, alcohol consumption and general practitioners per 100,000 people. Male suicide and suicide or UD rates had similar predictors, which suggest that changes in suicide were related to socioeconomic disruptions experienced during the transition period. However, male suicide rates in EE were not associated with alcohol consumption during the study period. Even so, there might be underestimation of alcohol consumption due to illegal alcohol and differences between methodologies of calculating alcohol consumption. However, predictors of female suicide were related to economic integration and suicide or UD rates with domestic integration. © 2013 The Authors. Sociology of Health & Illness © 2013 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness/John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bolonkin, A.

A first-hand account of developments in the Soviet rocket industry is presented. The organization and leadership of the rocket and missile industry are traced from its beginning in the 1920s. The development of the Glushko Experimental Design Bureau, where the majority of Soviet rocket engines were created, is related. The evolution of Soviet rocket engines is traced in regard to both their technical improvement and their application in missiles and space vehicles. Improved Glushko engines and specialized Isaev and Kosberg engines are discussed. The difficulties faced by the Soviet missile and space program, such as the pre-Sputnik failures, the oscillationmore » problem of 1965/1966, which exposed a weakness in Soviet ICBM missiles, and the Nedelin disaster of 1960, which cost the lives of more than 200 scientists and engineers, as well as the Commander-in-Chief of the Strategic Rocket Forces, Marshall Nedelin, are examined. 122 refs.« less

Banning the Soviet Lobotomy: Psychiatry, Ethics, and Professional Politics during Late Stalinism.

PubMed

Zajicek, Benjamin

2017-01-01

This article examines how lobotomy came to be banned in the Soviet Union in 1950. The author finds that Soviet psychiatrists viewed lobotomy as a treatment of "last resort," and justified its use on the grounds that it helped make patients more manageable in hospitals and allowed some to return to work. Lobotomy was challenged by psychiatrists who saw mental illness as a "whole body" process and believed that injuries caused by lobotomy were therefore more significant than changes to behavior. Between 1947 and 1949, these theoretical and ethical debates within Soviet psychiatry became politicized. Psychiatrists competing for institutional control attacked their rivals' ideas using slogans drawn from Communist Party ideological campaigns. Party authorities intervened in psychiatry in 1949 and 1950, persecuting Jewish psychiatrists and demanding adherence to Ivan Pavlov's theories. Psychiatrists' existing conflict over lobotomy was adopted as part of the party's own campaign against harmful Western influence in Soviet society.

The Western Tradition of Suggestion and Lozanov's Suggestology/Suggestopedia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bancroft, W. Jane

It is argued that while Georgi Lozanov's suggestology and suggestopedic methods are informed by work in the field of suggestion in the former Soviet bloc, his work has also been influenced by work on suggestion in the west, particularly in France, where suggestion is a more controversial technique. For Lozanov, suggestion is a normal phenomenon…

Cheating in the Educational Process: (An Experiment in Crib-Sheet Studies)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latova, Nataliia Valer'evna; Latov, Iurii Valer'evich

2008-01-01

The study of post-Soviet Russia's shadow economic relations, research that has become increasingly extensive in the past ten years, has also focused attention on the system of education. Quite a few articles have been devoted to corruption in educational institutions as well as informal [i.e., unofficial, not necessarily authorized] tutoring.…

Blind Eyes, Innuendo and the Politics of Design: A Reply to Clive Chizlett.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinross, Robin

1994-01-01

Criticizes an article in an earlier issue of this journal concerning Otto Neurath. Argues against the notion that Neurath was a communist and an agent of Soviet propaganda. Suggests that the previous article's dichotomy that graphic information is either hard science or pure art prevents an understanding of the subject. (RS)

VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING IN THE SOVIET UNION, REPORT OF THE BACIE DELEGATIONS VISIT, 5-23 MAY, 1963.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

PERRY, PETER

A SUMMARY OF INDUSTRIAL AND COMMERCIAL TRAINING INFORMATION SECURED BY A DELEGATION OF FIVE BRITISH EDUCATORS WHO VISITED 19 VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS, INSTITUTES OF HIGHER EDUCATION, AND VARIOUS LEVELS OF MINISTRIES AND GOVERNMENT DEPARTMENTS IN MOSCOW, LENINGRAD, AND TBILISC (GEORGIA) IS PRESENTED. IN 45 YEARS, THE…

Continuing Vocational Training in the Space Industry: A Siberian Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Churlyaeva, Natalya; Kukushkin, Sergey

2013-01-01

The development of a continuing vocational training programme at the Information Satellite Systems Joint-Stock Company (ISS JSC) during the transition from the planned Soviet economy to what is now called the Russian market economy is briefly outlined. How the collapse of a planned economy led to the degradation of engineering higher education…

Higher Education in Transition: From Corruption to Freedom of Information in Post-Soviet Georgia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rostiashvili, Ketevan

2012-01-01

This article examines higher education reforms in the Republic of Georgia, tracing changes before and after the Rose Revolution. The transformation of this higher education system is one of gradual evolution, moving from a centrally controlled and corrupt system into a more transparent and organized system through a series of reforms, including…

75 FR 38072 - Notice of a Request for Extension of a Currently Approved Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-01

.... wheat and corn by the Soviet Union in 1972. To make sure that all parties involved in the production and.... The designated commodities for these daily reports are wheat (by class), barley, corn, grain sorghum... the size of the sales transaction, for all of these commodities, as well as wheat products, rye...

Education for Social Transformation: Soviet University Education Aid in the Cold War Capitalist World-System

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffiths, Tom G.; Charon Cardona, Euridice

2015-01-01

International education is seen as an effective form of soft power. This article reviews one of history's largest and most ambitious attempts to achieve global influence through university education, and to reshape the world--the Soviet university aid program, 1956-91. Drawing on existing research and Soviet archival materials, we lay out and…

Gender Analysis of the Development of School and University Theme in Soviet and Russian Audiovisual Media Texts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levitskaya, Anastasia; Seliverstova, Lyudmila; Mamadaliev, Anvar

2017-01-01

The article is written within the framework of a broader study investigating school and university representation in the Soviet/Russian and foreign audiovisual media texts. The research outlines that in Soviet cinema the image of the female teacher was transformed in the following sequence: a heroine-revolutionary; a heroine of hard work; an…

America, the Soviets and Nuclear Arms: Looking to the Future. Teacher's Resource Book.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Karl; And Others

This curriculum project focuses on U.S.-Soviet relations and the choices that U.S. citizens face today in addressing the Soviet Union and the threat of nuclear war. This book is intended as a resource guide to accompany a 22-minute video presentation and student text that are part of the "Four Futures" curriculum. The resource book…

United States Security and the Soviet Challenge. Report of a Wingspread Briefing (Racine, Wisconsin, June 29, 1978).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLain, Douglas, Jr.

Six presentations, an introduction, and a summary discussion are included in this publication, which focuses on the various complex factors involved in the negotiation of arms control agreements with the Soviet Union. Titles of the six presentations are: (1) Critical Issues in the United States-Soviet Relationship; (2) Basic Elements of Strategic…

Hermeneutics and Victimage: A Critical Approach to News of the Shooting of KAL Flight 007.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lule, Jack

The shooting down of KAL Flight 007, a South Korean airliner, by a Soviet jet fighter, and the resulting deaths of the 269 people on board, has brought into focus the Reagan's administration's equivocal relationship with the Soviet Union, provided insights into the channels of power in the Soviet military hierarchy, and led other nations to…

Making a New and Pliable Professor: American and Soviet Transformations in German Universities, 1945-1990

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsvetkova, Natalia

2014-01-01

This article discusses the history of American and Soviet transformations in German universities during the period of the Cold War, 1945-1990. Both American and Soviet policies were resisted by the university community, particularly by the conservative German professoriate, in both parts of the divided Germany. The article shows how and why both…

Knowledge Management as an Approach to Learning and Instructing Sector University Students in Post-Soviet Professional Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Volegzhanina, Irina S.; Chusovlyanova, Svetlana V.; Adolf, Vladimir A.; Bykadorova, Ekaterina S.; Belova, Elena N.

2017-01-01

The relevance of the study depends on addressing to the issue of knowledge management in learning and instructing students of post-Soviet sector universities. In this regard, the article is intended to reveal the nature of knowledge management approach compared to the knowledge-based one predominated in Soviet education. The flagship approach of…

Emerging Choices for the Soviets in Third World Arms Transfer Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

subcontract production, (4) overseas investment, (5) technology transfer, and (6) countertrade . Countertrade has been an especially significant element...defense industry as well as for civilian sector use. Countertrade has become increasingly important in the overall trade of the Soviet Union and...the countertrade approach has served to mitigate some consumer dissatisfaction with Soviet arms supply contracts with Third World countries

Soviet Naval Interaction with the United States and Its Influence on Soviet Naval Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1972-10-01

interdiction chreat pmed by ti.e large Soviet submarine force in tte , event hostilities in Europe should require ex- tended sealift support from the...forces between itself and the Dmited States. 33 Pep;,;’t of the Underseas Warfare Advisoir’ Pa"zeZ to the Sub- coxmittee on .litcr App licarions, Joint

Soviet Revolutionary Films in America (1926-1935). Part One: The Theoretical Impact. Part Two: The Practical Impact.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petric, Vladimir K.

In order to test the hypothesis that Soviet revolutionary films influenced American film makers' attitudes concerning the importance of form and structure through editing, this dissertation explores the areas of affinity and contrast between the two national cinemas during the period when Soviet silent films were originally released in the United…

Challenge To Apollo: The Soviet Union and The Space Race, 1945-1974

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siddiqi, Asif A.

2000-01-01

This book is, in essence, sixteen years in the making. First attempted to compile a history of the Soviet space program in 1982 author put together a rough chronology of the main events. A decade later, while living on a couch in a college friend's apartment, he began writing what would be a short history of the Soviet lunar landing program. The first draft was sixty-nine pages long. Late the following year, he decided to expand the topic to handle all early Soviet piloted exploration programs. That work eventually grew into what you are holding in your hand now.

The ethnic composition of migration in the former Soviet Union.

PubMed

Robertson, L R

1996-02-01

"This paper examines the impact of the disintegration of the Soviet Union on migration patterns within the newly independent states. Data on migration between Russia and the other 14 former Soviet republics are analyzed to reveal the magnitude and ethnic composition of migration after independence and to examine the assumption that Russians will tend to return to Russia, whereas members of other titular groups will emigrate to their respective newly independent states. The data suggest that nationalization not only pushes non-titular groups to emigrate from the former Soviet republics, but also pulls titular groups to immigrate to the newly independent states from Russia." excerpt

Soviet space flight: the human element.

PubMed

Garshnek, V

1988-05-01

Building on past experience and knowledge, the Soviet manned space flight effort has become broad, comprehensive, and forward-looking. Their long-running space station program has provided the capabilities to investigate long-term effects of microgravity on human physiology and behavior and test various countermeasures against microgravity-induced physiological deconditioning. Since the beginning of Soviet manned space flight, the biomedical training and preparation of cosmonauts has evolved from a process that increased human tolerance to space flight factors, to a system of interrelated measures to prepare cosmonauts physically and psychologically to live and work in space. Currently, the Soviet Union is constructing a multimodular space station, the Mir. With the emergence of dedicated laboratory modules, the Soviets have begun the transition from small-scale experimental research to large-scale production activities and specialized scientific work in space. In the future, additional laboratory modules will be added, including one dedicated to biomedical research, called the "Medilab." The longest manned space flight to date (326 days) has been completed by the Soviets. The biomedical effects of previous long-duration flights, and perhaps those of still greater length, may contribute important insight ito the possibility of extended missions beyond Earth, such as a voyage to Mars.

Geophysical Investigations in the Caucasus (1925 - 2012): Initial, Basic and Modern Stages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eppelbaum, L. V.

2012-04-01

The Caucasian Mountains occupy an area of about 440,000 km2. A number of important mineral resources are concentrated there. Geophysical data on the geological structure of Caucasus can shed light on the basic principles of evolution of the Earth, the distribution of minerals and seismic activity. However, geophysical surveys under complex conditions are generally riddled by poor accessibility to certain mountainous regions, the unevenness of observation surfaces, as well as by a great variety and frequent changes of tectonic structures and geological bodies with variable physical properties. These factors either restrict geophysical surveys in difficult environments or confine the scope of useful information drawn from the results obtained. This has led to the development of special techniques in geophysical surveys, data processing and interpretation that draws heavily on the experience accumulated in the specific conditions of these mountainous regions. First applied geophysical observations in the Caucasus region - thermal measurements in boreholes - were carried out by Bazevich (1881) in the Absheron Peninsula. At the same time, start of the initial stage is usually referred to as the mid 20-s of the XX century, when the rare, but systematic geophysical observations (mainly gravity and magnetic) were begun in some Caucasian areas. Somewhat later began to apply the resistivity method. Mid 30-s is characterized by the beginning of application of borehole geophysics and seismic prospecting. The marine seismics firstly in the former Soviet Union was tested in the Caspian Sea. In general, the initial stage is characterized by slow, but steady rise (except during World War II) lasted until 1960. A basic stage (1960-1991) is characterized by very intensive employment of geophysical methods (apparently, any possible geophysical methods were tested in this region). At this time the Caucasus region is considered in the former Soviet Union as a geophysical polygon for testing different geophysical methods and methodologies in complicated environments. Airborne magnetic and gravity surveys covered all the Caucasus, regional seismic and magnetotelluric studies were used as reference profiles for deep structure investigation. Numerous effective applications of geophysical methods for searching ore, oil&gas deposits, building raw, fresh water localization, solving engineering, etc. was demonstrated. Seismological investigations (including different methods) were widely applied throughout the entire Caucasian region. Satellite geophysical examinations were successfully combined with other methods. Finally, destruction of the former Soviet Union in 1991 (beginning of the modern stage) caused a sharp common decreasing of the geophysical activity in this region. Only foreign oil-&gas companies (mainly American and England) demonstrated some industrial geophysical activity basically in the Caspian Sea. In the last few years the situation began to straighten out, especially in the field of seismology. This presentation is based of the author's experience (e.g., Eppelbaum, 1989, 1991, 2009; Eppelbaum et al., 1987; Eppelbaum and Finkelstein, 1998; Eppelbaum and Khesin, 1988, 1992, 2002, 2004, 2011, 2012; Eppelbaum and Mishne, 2011; Eppelbaum et al., 2003, 2004; Khesin et al., 1988, 1993a, 1993b, 1996, 1997; Khesin and Eppelbaum, 1986, 1994, 1997, 2007; Pilchin and Eppelbaum, 1997, 2011) and corresponding publications and reviews of other authors.

Comparison of GLONASS and GPS time transfers between two west European time laboratories and VNIIFTRI

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daly, P.; Koshelyaevsky, N. B.; Lewandowski, Wlodzimierz; Petit, Gerard; Thomas, Claudine

1992-01-01

The University of Leeds built a Global Positioning System/Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GLONASS) receiver about five years ago and since then has provided continuous information about GLONASS time and its comparison with GPS time. For the last two years, VNIIFTRI (All Union Institute for Physical, Technical and Radiotechnical Measurements) and some other Soviet time laboratories have used Soviet built GLONASS navigation receivers for time comparisons. Since June 1991, VNIIFTIR has been operating a GPS time receiver on loan from the BIPM (Bureau International des Poids et Mesures). This offered, for the first time, an opportunity for direct comparison of time transfers using GPS and GLONASS. This experiment shows that even with relatively imprecise data recording and processing, in terms of time metrology, GLONASS can provide continental time transfer at a level of several tens of nanoseconds.

The US Experiments Flown on the Soviet Biosatellite Cosmos 1887

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Connolly, James P. (Editor); Grindeland, Richard E. (Editor); Ballard, Rodney W. (Editor)

1990-01-01

Cosmos 1887, a biosatellite containing biological and radiation experiments from the Soviet Union, the United States and seven other countries, was launched on September 29, 1987. One Rhesus monkey's feeder stopped working two days into the flight and a decision was made to terminate the mission after 12 1/2 days. The biosatellite returned to Earth on October 12, 1987. A system malfunction, during the reentry procedure, caused the Cosmos 1887 spacecraft to land approximately 1800 miles beyond the intended landing site and delayed the start of the postflight procedures by approximately 44 hours. Further information on the conditions at landing and postflight activities is included in the Mission Operations portion of this document. U.S. and U.S.S.R. specialists jointly conducted 26 experiments on this mission, including the postflight transfer of data, hardware and biosamples to the U.S.

Radioelectronics and space exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarafanov, T.; Bogoroditskiy, Y.; Milyukov, I.

1985-03-01

Citing the 23 years since Yuriy Gagarin's first radio transmission from outer space, the developments in radio communications and their role in mission control are summarized. Use of satellites for radio and television links with ground stations are an important part of information exchange. Construction and preventive maintenance activities by Soviet cosmonauts, use of radio technology for docking procedures and the reliability of such equipment, and the growing role of computer technology in space vehicles with human crews and pilotless craft are discussed. Automatic interplanetary vehicles that have landed on the moon, Mars and Venus, as well as artificial earth satellites, are facilitating weather and communication advances. Mock space equipment using radio and computer technology is of great importance for training cosmonauts. Despite all these practical applications, optimum utilization of automated equipment has yet to be achieved, and offers further challenge to Soviet and other engineers and technicians.

The Russian Identity and Values in the Post-Soviet Era: Learning from the Past to Reinvent the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herman, William E.; Herman, Bryan K.; Sanatullova-Allison, Elvira

2007-01-01

This paper employed a psychological-historical framework for an analytical examination of the Russian identity during the Soviet period through the fall of the Soviet Union and the transitional period that led to an establishment of the Russian Federation. A theoretical model is provided for the analysis of Russian identity that can be generalized…

Geopolitics: The Key to Understanding Soviet Regional Behavior.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

Soviet foreign policy. nertnngthis role, CO can begin to build a usable theoretical framwork for analyzing Soviet behavior in, utategiczlly inportant...the writings of the great geopolitical theorists, such as Mackinder, Spykman, and Gray, in developing a conceptual basis for understanding the la-tem...Histary,- British geographer Sir Halford J. mdcinder provided the conceptual framewrk for geopolitical theory by dividing the world into three vast regions

A comparative study of soviet versus western helicopters. Part 2: Evaluation of weight, maintainability and design aspects of major components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stepniewski, W. Z.; Shinn, R. A.

1983-01-01

A detailed comparative insight into design and operational philosophies of Soviet vs. Western helicopters is provided. This is accomplished by examining conceptual approaches, productibility and maintainability, and weight trends/prediction methodology. Extensive use of Soviet methodology (Tishchenko) to various weight classes of helicopters is compared to the results of using Western based methodology.

The Soviet Physical Fitness Tests: An Essential Aspect of the Soviet Organizational Plan.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Reet

This study analyzes the Soviet award system, in particular the Prepared for Word and Defense (PWD) program. The PWD program is composed of five stages and embraces people from ages 10 to 60. Each stage has a section of requirements and a section of norms, which take into consideration age variations. The norms section, which is the most important…

Current Trends in Technology Education and Vocational Training in the Former Republics of the Soviet Union.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bannatyne, Mark W. McK.

The schools of the new republics in the former Soviet Union have begun to address the issue of reforms of technical and vocational education in order to train a technologically literate society that can meet the demands of the next century. Previously, Soviet schools failed to offer industrial arts and home economics on a universal scale. This…

Near East/South Asia Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-20

sheep pox vac- cines, artificial insemination , soil testing and others. In the meantime, the Soviet scientists introduced the Soviet sunflower into...voltage po- wer transmission line fr- om the Soviet Union to northern regions of the : DRA, the earth satellite ; link station, road-cum-rail...ISRO in making and sup- plying "vital and sensitive" electronic items re- quired by ISRO for remote sensing satellites , augmented satellite

TEACHING MACHINES AND PROGRAMMED LEARNING IN THE SOVIET BLOC--A SURVEY OF THE PUBLISHED LITERATURE, 1962-1963.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Joint Publications Research Service, Washington, DC.

THIS REVIEW REPORTS THE STATE OF THE ART OF PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION IN THE SOVIET UNION. A NUMBER OF TEACHING MACHINES ARE DESCRIBED, AS ARE PROJECTED DEVELOPMENTS IN SOVIET PROGRAMED INSTRUCTION. IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE 4TH ALL-RUSSIAN CONFERENCE ON THE APPLICATION OF TECHNICAL DEVICES AND PROGRAMING IN EDUCATION (JAN. 1964) WILL PROVIDE FURTHER…

Soviet Commitment to Education. Report of the First Official U.S. Education Mission to the U.S.S.R.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Education (DHEW), Washington, DC.

The Soviet view of education as a chief resource for achieving national, social, economic, cultural, and scientific objectives is reflected in this report of the first U.S. mission to the U.S.S.R. The following topics are covered: The Administrative System of Soviet Education, Nurseries and Kindergartens, Schools of General Education, Extraschool…

Guesswork: The Troubled Past of Prediciton

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-01

tech surveillance or cloak -and- dagger spies were needed to change the U.S. perceptions of Soviet behavior. Years of studying Soviet strategy was... cloak of Soviet Russia. Industrial giants such as the Junker aircraft manufacturer established satellite factories inside Russia. German companies built...that Stresemann had not been seriously attacked at any time during the past two days of bitter Reichstag debate, and therefore German foreign policy

Civil Defense in Soviet Strategic Perceptions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

responses. It would also be costly and highly disruptive of Soviet social and economic life. The Soviets would have the option of announcing its imminent...priorities and sensitivities. o U.S. targeting doctrine and like methods of employment of media weapons. o The significance and possible political-military...dialectic process in the relationship between states with opposing social - political systems, i.e., communist and capitalist, and of the historically

The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe: A Bibliographic Guide to Recommended Books for Small and Medium-Sized Libraries and School Media Centers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horak, Stephan M.

Intended to aid librarians in small- and medium-sized libraries and media centers, this annotated bibliography lists 1,555 books focusing on the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The book is divided into four parts: (1) "General and Interrelated Themes--Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics and Eastern European Countries"; (2)…

JPRS Report, Soviet Union Kommunist No 13, September 1987.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-10

fast and decisive forward movement, with the risk of all sorts of disadvantages and defeats" (vol 24, p 138). Under such most difficult circumstances...local. On each individual occasion and at different times they applied to commodities produced by individual sectors: wholesale prices in industry ...of self-support and self-financing. The level of wholesale prices in industry was raised after 1955 by a factor of 2.7 in coal mining, 3.8 in

Nomonhan: Japanese-Soviet Tactical Combat, 1939 (Leavenworth Papers, Number 2)

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-01-01

describes the evolution of thatiJA tactical doctrine, and then pre- sents a detailed examination of how a partkular Japanese infantry battalion applied...transpmtation, and a field sanitation unit composed the task force. They set out to hack down and destroy an elu- 21 s1ve foe in the barren desert steppes...this sandy covering, the desert surface was genexally firm enough to support wheeled transport. South of the Holsten Rivex eucalyptus trees grew

The politics of Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmitt, Harrison H.

1986-01-01

A discussion is presented comparing past and present major accomplishments of the U.S. and the Soviet Union in space. It concludes that the Soviets are presently well ahead of the U.S. in several specific aspects of space accomplishment and speculates that the Soviet strategy is directed towards sending a man to the vicinity of Mars by the end of this century. A major successful multinational space endeavor, INTELSAT, is reviewed and it is suggested that the manned exploration of Mars offers a unique opportunity for another such major international cooperative effort. The current attitude of U.S. leadership and the general public is assessed as uniformed or ambivalent about the perceived threat of Soviet dominance in space.

Homonationalism Before Homonationalism: Representations of Russia, Eastern Europe, and the Soviet Union in the U.S. Homophile Press, 1953-1964.

PubMed

Serykh, Dasha

2017-01-01

This essay focuses on representations of Russia, the Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe in U.S. homophile periodicals from 1953 to 1964. Extending the application of Jasbir Puar's concept of homonationalism to the Cold War period, the essay examines 128 articles and other items that were published in ONE, Mattachine Review, and The Ladder and demonstrates that these periodicals often engaged in homonationalist discourses when constructing the Russian, Soviet, and Eastern European "other." Negative constructions of these regions were sometimes used to affirm the political alignment of the homophile authors with the American nation. At other times, negative constructions were used in comparative assessments that critiqued both the United States and the Soviet and Eastern European regions. In contrast, positive constructions of Russian, Soviet, and Eastern European peoples and cultures were used as evidence that non-heteronormative desires and bodies had legitimate places in many "primitive" cultures and existed across all nations and periods.

Problem behaviors of children adopted from the former Soviet Union.

PubMed

McGuinness, Teena M; Pallansch, Leona

2007-01-01

Although current meta-analyses of problem behavior of internationally adopted children exist, few children adopted from the former Soviet Union have been included in these reports. A significant concern is that 13 children adopted from the former Soviet Union have died at the hands of their American adoptive parents since 1996. A cohort of 105 children adopted from the former Soviet Union has been assessed at two points in time by telephone and postal surveys to measure the impact of risk and protective factors on problem behavior. Pre-adoptive risk factors have declined in importance (except for birth weight) and protective factors (operationalized as aspects of family environment) have increased in influence over time. Problem behavior scores declined slightly at Time 2, despite the children having entered adolescence. Families play a significant role in the behavior of children adopted from the former Soviet Union. Nurses should counsel families to shape the child's environment during the transition from orphanage to homes in the United States, especially for children who are low birth weight.

Mutations in Soviet public health science: post-Lysenko medical genetics, 1969-1991.

PubMed

Bauer, Susanne

2014-09-01

This paper traces the integration of human genetics with Soviet public health science after the Lysenko era. For nearly three decades, USSR biology pursued its own version of anti-bourgeois, Soviet 'creative Darwinism', departing from western, post-WWII scientific developments. After Lysenko was suspended, research niches of immunology, biophysics and mutation research formed the basis of new departments at the Institute of Medical Genetics, which was founded in 1969 as part of the Soviet Academy of Medical Sciences. Focussing on early research activities and collaborations at the institute, I show how the concept of mutagenesis, a pivotal issue during the Cold War, became mobilized from Drosophila genetics to human heredity and to society as a whole. This mode of scaling up and down through population studies shaped not only Soviet human biology and genetics; it also brought about changes in clinical practice and public health as well as in the monitoring and regulation of mutagenic agents in the environment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

West Meets East in Central Asia: Competing Discourses on Secondary Education Reform in the Kyrgyz Republic.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Young, Alan J.

The Kyrgyz Republic--a remote mountainous region--is one of five former Soviet states in central Asia. This case study begins with a brief overview of the political and economic situation of the Kyrgyz Republic and its relation to aims of Soviet schooling in the 20th century. A critique of the Soviet schooling model by foreign academics before and…

Soviet Strategy and the Objectives of Their Naval Presence in the Mediterranean.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

peacetime compare with this basic breakdown of functions? Several observations can be made straightaway. First, as far as the Soviets are concerned...completely divorced from reality; and following the Soviets’ basic argument from premises to conclusions provides potentially useful insight into some...213 Mangel, Marc. -Stochastic Machanics Of 140lecuiSIOn Molecule Mangol. Marc. -Fluctuations In Systems with Multipie Steady Rections," 23 pp., Jun

Area Handbook Series: Soviet Union: A Country Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-01

War, edited by Harriet F. Scott and William F. Scott, is a judicious combination of the editors’ commentaries and of excerpts from translated writ...equipped the Soviet armed forces to capably fulfill their assigned missions. The single most complete work on the Soviet armed forces is Harriet F. Scott and...Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1969. _ _ Russian Intellectual History: An Anthology. New York: Hu- manities Press, 1978. Riasanovsky, Nicholas. A History of

Soviet Policy in Cuba and Chile.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-06

also be able to appeal to Marxism -Leninism to explain, prescribe, and predict the course of world events. The defense of the Soviet Union, therefore...burden of interpretation of the complex and unpredictable events of international politics in terms that relate it to Marxism -Leninism. The task has... Marxism -Leninism. Soviet ideology has responded by attempting to situate itself in a central or orthodox position and describing the other positions as

US--Soviet Combined Operations: Can We Do It?

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

Gribkov, 3. 86 Vasili I. Chuikov, The Fall of Berlin (Moscow: October magazine, 1965, trans. Ruth Kisch, Chicago: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1967), 65...work appears to be required in developing specific comparisons which pit Soviet concepts against US concepts to identify the differences and...Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation. Washington, D.C.: National Defense University, 1986. Chuikov, Vasili I. The Fall of Berlin. With

Soviet Free-Electron Laser Research

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-01

can generate a narrow band electromagnetic radiation over a wide frequency range that can potentially extend from microwaves through the visible and...refer to experiments listed in Table 2. Table 2 COMPARISON OF SOVIET-U.S. HIGH-CURRENT FEL EXPERIMENT S SOVIET u.s. Pulse line accelerators...Power ... Pulse length Efficiency . 3cm 10MW 0.7 p.sec 1.5% 2. Columbia, 2 February 1977 [9] Hollow electron beam Energy

Is Soviet Defense Policy Becoming Civilianized?

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-08-01

special leadership caution.9 A prominent Belorussian scholar, Ales Adamovich, wrote a provocative essay that rejected the legitimacy of Soviet nuclear...these upstart challenges to their authority and credibility. The High Command’s indignation was powerfully reflected in an essay by a well-known civilian...a romantic exaltation of martial values in defense of the Soviet state, Prokhanov’s essay was of a piece with the resurgent Russian nationalism

History of Education and the Struggle for Intellectual Liberation in Post-Soviet Baltic Space after the Fall of the Berlin Wall

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kestere, Iveta

2014-01-01

This study on a "new" history of education is written from the perspective of a participant in the process of discarding Soviet intellectual and physical boundaries. The fall of the Berlin Wall has, over the past two decades, become a continuous process in post-Soviet societies, when the now liberated historians of education were faced…

Gorbachev’s Arms Control Strategy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-22

on- site inspection for verifying nuclear tests as well as for dismantling missiles on Soviet territory. Clearlv Gorbachev wants an arms , -4- control...bring its seismological test equipment to what he called the "holy of holies", the area adjoining the Soviet proving ground near Semipalatinsk to offer...prenotification and observation of military exercises including on- site inspection on Soviet territory. But on the big issues--- nuclear testing , strategic weapons

Airpower in Mountains

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Soviet Union to the most recent operations of the United States. The British presence in the region dates back to the nineteenth century. The British...lost several dozen men. Maj N. G. Ten’kov Introduction The Soviet Union occupied Afghanistan for nine years from the end of 1979 to 1989...terrain, transport aircraft flew in supplies from the Soviet Union , as well as missions to supply isolated posts and surrounded garrisons.26 They

Visitor - Soviet Union Ambassador - Anatoliy Dobrynin - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-07-17

S75-28534 (17 July 1975) --- Anatoliy Dobrynin (right), Soviet Union ambassador to the United States, visits with a group of USSR ASTP flight controllers in the Mission Control Center during a tour of NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC). Dobrynin was at JSC on the day the Soviet Soyuz and the American Apollo spacecraft docked in Earth orbit. The group also includes a couple of American ASTP flight controllers.

Soviet Development of Gyrotrons

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

Relationship Type of Device Remarks V, - Vc, anomalous Doppler Capable of 100 percent efficiency, CRM but more cumbersome than Cheren- kov devices V...authors; and discusses inlividual Soviet reseaLc- groups, the basic organizational units responAiLle for the CRM and gyrotron research and development. The...maintained a cCnEistEnt iecord of significant achievements; it has managed to overcome the systenic yeaxness of the Soviet R&C systeg in teimg atle to

Soviet News and Propaganda Analysis Based on RED STAR (The Official Newspaper of the Soviet Defense Establishment), 1 - 31 January 1982. Volume 2, Number 1, 1982.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

Letelier, and has tried to murder Castro, Indira Ghandi and Iranian government leaders. From 1961 to 1976 the CIA has con- ducted over 900 clandestine...revolution." "More Afghanistan counterrevolutionary bands are destroyed by the Afghanistan Army." "Indira Ghandi says that the Soviet Union did not inter

The Politburo’s Management of Its America Problem.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

long-term process of extending the Soviet political presence into more and more previously Western-influenced areas. The leadership expects occasional...major setbacks as inevitable incidents in this process of advance on a gradually broadening front. The Soviet leaders are well aware that not every...objective, self-propelled phenomena that are incrementally and inevitably erod- ing U.S. influence and in the process advancing that of the Soviet Union. In

Southeast Asia Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-12

ASIA REPORT CONTENTS LAOS Briefs Message to Bulgarian Defense Minister Thanks to CSSR Defense Minister Soviet Film Week CSSR Greetings to Laos...Criticizes U.S. ’Adventurism’ in Third World (THE MANILA CHRONICLE, 20 Feb 87) ’Secret Talks’ With Malaysia Over Sabah Reported (Rey Arquiza; PHILIPPINE...Domestic Service in Lao 0430 GMT 17 Feb 87 BK] /6662 SOVIET FILM WEEK-The Lao Culture Ministry, together with the Soviet military Sache to Laos

Historical aspects of the early Soviet/Russian manned space program.

PubMed

West, J B

2001-10-01

Human spaceflight was one of the great physiological and engineering triumphs of the 20th century. Although the history of the United States manned space program is well known, the Soviet program was shrouded in secrecy until recently. Konstantin Edvardovich Tsiolkovsky (1857-1935) was an extraordinary Russian visionary who made remarkable predictions about space travel in the late 19th century. Sergei Pavlovich Korolev (1907-1966) was the brilliant "Chief Designer" who was responsible for many of the Soviet firsts, including the first artificial satellite and the first human being in space. The dramatic flight of Sputnik 1 was followed within a month by the launch of the dog Laika, the first living creature in space. Remarkably, the engineering work for this payload was all done in less than 4 wk. Korolev's greatest triumph was the flight of Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (1934-1968) on April 12, 1961. Another extraordinary feat was the first extravehicular activity by Aleksei Arkhipovich Leonov (1934-) using a flexible airlock that emphasized the entrepreneurial attitude of the Soviet engineers. By the mid-1960s, the Soviet program was overtaken by the United States program and attempts to launch a manned mission to the Moon failed. However, the early Soviet manned space program has a preeminent place in the history of space physiology.

Reconnaissance-Pul - Seeking the Path of Least Resistance

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-15

Carl von Clausewitz, the great eighteenth century military theorist, also professed pitting friendly strength against enemy weakness. Addressing "the...izortance of reconnaissance, its relation to intelligence, and the advantage of pitting friendly strength against enemy weaknesses. The Soviets use a...64. Ibid. 65. Vasily Gerasimovich Reznichenko, "Taktika" (Tactics), translated by Foreign Broadcast Information Service (Moscow, 1988):p.55. 66

Space Station medical sciences concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mason, J. A.; Johnson, P. C., Jr.

1984-01-01

Current life sciences concepts relating to Space Station are presented including the following: research, extravehicular activity, biobehavioral considerations, medical care, maintenance of dental health, maintaining health through physical conditioning and countermeasures, protection from radiation, atmospheric contamination control, atmospheric composition, noise pollution, food supply and service, clothing and furnishings, and educational program possibilities. Information on the current status of Soviet Space Stations is contained.

From Hot to Cold War. SSEC American History Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ladenburg, Thomas; Tegnell, Geoffrey

This unit for U.S. history classes provides students with the chance to learn about the historical roots of U.S. policy toward the Soviet Union in a lively, informative manner and from a variety of different perspectives. The unit enables students to use their own judgement in selecting, evaluating, and reflecting on the significance of U.S.…

Open-Source Data Collection Techniques for Weapons Transfer Information

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

IR Infrared ISO International Organization for Standardization ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations NER Named Entity Recognition NLP ...Control Protocol UAE United Arab Emirates URI Uniform Resource Identifier URL Uniform Resource Locator USSR Union of Soviet Socialist Republics UTF...KOREA, DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF North Korea KOREA, REPUBLIC OF South Korea LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA Libya RUSSIAN FEDERATION Russia Table 3

On Reading and Not Reading Today: A Commentary on L. Borusiak's Article

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dubin, Boris

2012-01-01

In this commentary, the author stresses that reading habits in Russia have changed since the Soviet era, and the more intellectual journals and magazines in particular have lost their importance. Audiences for books and magazines have fragmented, and there are fewer sources of commonly shared information and ideas than was true a few decades ago.…

From Plan to Market: Teaching Ideas for Social Studies, Economics, and Business Classes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schug, Mark C.; Lopus, Jane S.; Morton, John S.

This packet of lessons focuses on the transition from a legacy of central planning to a market orientation in the economic systems of Central and Eastern Europe, the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, and China. These lessons seek to provide high school teachers with a well-informed approach to teaching about this transition. The…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oehler, G.C.

As dramatic as are the recent changes in Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union political happenings, some other factors are having at least as important an impact on the intelligence community's business. For example, new and more global problems have arisen, such as the proliferation of advanced weapons, economic competitiveness, and environmental concerns. It is obvious that intelligence requirements are on the increase. For the intelligence community whose business is information gathering and processing, advanced information management tools are needed. Fortunately, recent technical advances offer these tools. Some of the more notable advances in information documentation, storage, and retrieval aremore » described.« less

Mapping health research capacity in 17 countries of the former Soviet Union and south-eastern Europe: an exploratory study.

PubMed

Santoro, Alessio; Glonti, Ketevan; Bertollini, Roberto; Ricciardi, Walter; McKee, Martin

2016-04-01

Policies to improve health status, tackle disease and ensure equitable access to healthcare should be informed by evidence derived from high-quality research. However, health research capacity is unevenly distributed across countries, as revealed by mapping exercises that have been undertaken to provide a basis for concerted action to strengthen capacity. This study systematically describes capacity to undertake health research in the countries of the former Soviet Union and south-eastern Europe and identifies the elements required to create a national health research system. The mapping exercise comprised two elements: a survey of key informants in the respective countries and a bibliometric analysis of scientific publications in the field of public health. Our results confirm that health research remains a low priority in some countries of the WHO European Region. In these countries, most of the literature was produced by researchers outside the country, often to inform international donors. This study provides important information for countries seeking to initiate action to strengthen their research capacity. There is a need for a comprehensive strategy with sustained investment in training and career development of researchers. There is also a need to create new funding systems to provide financial support to those undertaking policy-relevant research. International collaboration and investment in mechanisms to bridge the gap between research and policy are urgently required. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Public Health Association. All rights reserved.

Key Personnel and Organizations of the Soviet Military High Command.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

Europe--the Group of Soviet Forces Germany, Northern Group of Forces ( Poland ), Central Group of Forces (Czechoslovakia), and Southern Group of Forces...units of the groups of Soviet forces in the GDR, Poland , and Czechoslovakia; the air and ground force units from the Baltic, Belorussian, and Carpathian...military districts; the naval units of the Baltic Fleet; and the air, ground, and naval forces of the GDR, Poland , and Czechoslovakia (see Fig. 5a

United States Air Force Agency Financial Report 2013

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

of the Berlin Airlift. Following World War II, Germany was divided into four sectors . Although Berlin was located in the Soviet controlled...eastern sector of Germany, the city was also divided into four sections. The U.S., Great Britain, and France occupied the western portion of Berlin and...the Soviets occupied the eastern portion. In June 1948, the Soviet Union blocked the Allies’ railway, road, and canal access to those sectors of

The Soviet Stealth Fighter: Check or Checkmate

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

pp. 20-31. 25 11. Bussert, Jim and Paul Beaver. "Soviet Submarine Hull Coatings," Defense Electronics (August 1987), pp. 26-27. 12. Canan , James W...Aircraft (January 1987), pp. 50-59. 34. Vorobyov, Ivan , Major-General. "Formula for Victory," Soviet Military Review (November 1986), pp. 14-15. 35...34Stealth Somber Taking Shape," International Combat Aircraft (September 1987), pp. 27-31. Vozobyov, Ivan , Major-General. "New Weapons Require Sound

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-29

U.S. security concerns. The United States and Soviet Union began to sign agreements limiting their strategic offensive nuclear weapons in the early...Russian relationship. At the same time, however, the two sides began to cooperate on securing and eliminating Soviet-era nuclear , chemical, and...the former Soviet Union. The United States is also a leader of an international regime that attempts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. This

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

security concerns. The United States and Soviet Union began to sign agreements limiting their strategic offensive nuclear weapons in the early 1970s...Russian relationship. At the same time, however, the two sides began to cooperate on securing and eliminating Soviet-era nuclear , chemical, and biological...former Soviet Union. The United States is also a leader of an international regime that attempts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons. This regime

Historical Roots of Contemporary Debates on Soviet Military Doctrine and Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

28 - institutchikis’ "new thinking" about war. According to one prolific Soviet researcher, Alexander Savelyev , war aims are now being redefined and...limits. Indeed, it may well 5 Discussions with Alexander Savelyev at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (IMEMO), Moscow, January...examines the themes of and historical context for the writings of Soviet strategists of the 1920s, such as Alexander Svechin and Leon Trotsky, who

The Strategic Defense Initiative in Soviet Planning and Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

relentlessly insisted that since the signing of the ABM Treaty in 1972, the Soviet Union has changed its view on the question of homeland defense. By thus...and testing permitted by the ABM Treaty will not be extended as a bargaining chip, regard- less of any reciprocal concessions the Soviets might offer...proceed apace for a number of years. An appropriate mix of technical achievement, budgetary commitment, adjustment to the ABM Treaty, alliance

International Aviation (Selected Articles).

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-15

new aircraft . During the war, the Soviets captured some Yuemo [trans- literation]-004 and BMW-003 jet engines from Germany; these jet engines were named...by the Soviets RD-10 and RD-20, with thrusts at 850 and 800 kilograms. In the USSR, the mission of designing new aircraft by using these jet engines ...was to have the Soviet factories buy patents and production licenses of foreign jet engines to design new aircraft . In 1947, through trade

A Scaling Analysis of Frequency Dependent Energy Partition for Local and Regional Seismic Phases from Explosions

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-31

explosions at the former Soviet Semipalatinsk test site (STS). Labeled stations are those for which high resolution digital data are available. 12 8...characteristics of regional phase observations from underground nuclear explosions at the former Soviet Semipalatinsk and Novaya Zemlya test sites , the...various regional phases observed from underground nuclear explosions at the former Soviet Semipalatinsk test site (STS). Labeled stations are those for

Al-Qaeda and Its Affiliates: The Failure of the Transnational Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-24

the battlefields of Afghanistan in the late 1980s, fresh from their perceived victory over the Soviet Union , little thought was given to the threat...for the jihad against the Soviet Union after their invasion of Afghanistan in 1979. The influence of these two men upon a young bin Laden is...between Ethiopia and Somalia exploded into fighting, with the Soviet Union choosing to arm both protagonists. 68 Christopher S. Chivvis, Andrew

Battlefield Air Interdiction: Airpower for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

recommendations for the effective use of airpower for this purpose are made. A future war will probably be against the Soviet Union or one of its...emphasis will be placed upon the Soviet forces since it is likely that any future belligerence will be against the _ _......6 I Soviet Union or one of its...offensive operations (see figure 3) stress rapid, continuous movement. Objectives are established which demand high rates of advance. A regiment, for

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, World Economy & International Relations, No. 3, March 1988.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-14

JPRS-UWE-89-008 14 JUNE 1989 JPRS Report— Soviet Union WORLD ECONOMY & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS No 3, March 1988 MBTltlBOTION STATEMENT A...SERVICE SPRINGFIELD, VA. 22161 \\*2 Soviet Union WORLD ECONOMY & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS No 3, March 1988 JPRS-UWE-89-008 CONTENTS 14 JUNE 1989...Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the USSR Academy of Sciences. Refer to the table of contents for a listing of any articles

USSR Local War Doctrine as Rationale for the Development of the Soviet CTOL Aircraft Carrier.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

Soviet Union. [Ref. 11: p. 252] The peacetime Red naval mission is not entirely one of blissful exchanges of pleasantries. Its utility during distant...expended toward gift presentation and the exchange of pleasantries. Such visits were designed as feelers to divine Russian acceptance by the developing...How- * ever, the presence of military forces displaying the capa- * bilities to intervene may have affected the perceptions of * Soviet clinets

Soviet Countertrade

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

t5’ Wt USAFA-TR-89-5 SOVIET COUNTERTRADE Lt Col Robert L. Waller DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS AND GEOGRAPHY LOcv, Nv SEPTEMBER 1989 oFINAL REPORT APPROVED...8217Continue an owts if necelbary and identify by bloc* number) SWestern observers have noted the Soviet Union’s use of countertrade over the past...country before the buyer agrees to make the initial purchase. After defining the terms often used in relation to countertrade , this paper develops the

Soviet Military Power

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-01

Australia and New Zealand force of SS-18s and SS-19s, their plans to reload preserves peace and stability in a region that is ICBM silos, and the extensive...Defense Ministry announced that the USSR was beginning to deploy a new generation of nuclear-armed, air-launched and sea-launched cruise missiles. The...increasingly ambitious Soviet procurement and deployment of ma- jor categories of new armaments. The success that the Soviets have achieved in both

Soviet Naval Strategy?

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-18

also stressed the unified nature of Soviet military strategy and the Soviet combined arms approach. A fourth article, by Captain 1st Rank B. Makeyev ...cybernetic process. 7 Makeyev sketched out an acquisition process that takes as inputs the overall political guidance, the realities of economic...Captain 1st Rank B. Makeyev , "Some Views on the Theory of Naval Weaponry," Morskoy Sbornik, No. 4, 1982, pp. 27-31. 8. Rear Admiral V. Gulin and Captain

The Opportunity Cost of the Nonmonetary Advantages of the Soviet Military R and D Effort,

DTIC Science & Technology

Analyzes the major nonbudgetary advantages enjoyed by the military research and development sector in the Soviet economic system. This analysis also...investigates to what extent and in what form such advantages are potentially transferable from the military to the civilian sector, thereby...constituting a real economic burden on the Soviet economy. The military R and D sector benefits from a high-powered priority system that overrides the planning

Exploiting ’Fault Lines’ in the Soviet Empire: An Overview,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

against the Soviet Premier. Similarly, in the early 1970s, Ukrainian leader Piotr Shelest is reported to have made common cause with East European leaders...well. Zbigniew Brzezinski concluded that a Soviet intervention would have produce[d] a rupture in the political detente in Europe, disrupt[ed] East...have led] to overt American-Chinese military cooperation. .2 12 Zbigniew Brzezinski , Power and Principle, Farrar, Straus, Giroux, • I "..r

Soviet Space Program Handbook.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

in advance and some events were even broadcast live. Immediately following the first success- ful launch of their new Energia space launch vehicle in...early 1988. Just as a handbook written a couple of years ago would need updating with Mir, Energia , and the SL-16, this handbook will one day need up...1986. Johnson, Nicholas L. The Soviet Year in Space 1983. Colorado Springs, CO: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1984. Lawton, A. " Energia - Soviet Super

Parallels with the Past - How the Soviets Lost in Afghanistan, How the Americans are Losing (Foreign Policy Research Institute E-Notes, April 2011)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

ulcer .”1 Immediately, we were reminded of a similar expression from an earlier Afghan War. On February 1986, Soviet Premier Mikhail Gorbachev...they had killed Hafizullah Amin, the existing president. The rebellion quickly turned into a national resistance movement and the Soviets responded...security. It appears that the United 1 Dion Nissenbaum, “McChrystal Lights Fire Under Marjah

Technology Strategy in Irregular Warfare: High-Tech Versus Right-Tech

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

ny-countys-confiscated-gun-policy/. 88 newest AH-64E. It has upgraded engines and rotor blades that enable the attack helicopter to have a quicker...was the extent of their defensive operations. Aircraft, helicopter gunships, armored vehicles, and artillery were directly used by Soviet forces...it into raw numbers, the Soviet Air Force had approximately 6,894 fixed-wing aircraft, and 3,320 helicopters .126 The Soviet Army had five times

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-06

of a plant to produce mineral powdered additives for asphalt, even though this is what will help the department increase road longevity . Such a...resort area; its summer popula- tion reaches 800,000-900,000. The majority of the pen- sions and pioneer camps are located within the territory of the...soviet, and thus are not subject to the decisions of the local Soviets. I am intro- ducing a proposal that the pensions, rest homes, and pioneer

The Scent of the Future: Manned Space Travel and the Soviet Union.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

AND ECONOMIC APPLICATIONS 56 GREENHOUSES , BOOSTERS, AND SPACE PLANES: SOVIET SPACE-RELATED RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT 72 R.U.R. REVISITED: MANNED VERSUS... greenhouse that was part of their 12-square-meter closed environment.9 6 The successful conclusion of this test demonstrated the feasibility of a manned...will probably be timed to coincide with the XXVI Party Congress which convenes in February 1981. 71 GREENHOUSES , BOOSTERS, AND SPACE PLANES: SOVIET

The Soviet Military Leadership and the Question of Soviet Deployment Retreats

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-01

change, within Project AIR FORCE’s National Security Strategies Program. Earlier studies published in this project include: Jeremy R. Azrael, The...of a weapon system inherited from thi past for the sake of anticipated tradeoffs, notably in disruptive effecfs on the Western alliance. Anticipation...extensively test what the market will bear in negotiation with the West. - The second largest Soviet conventional force deployments are in Siberia and the

Comparison of Soviet and US space food and nutrition programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ahmed, Selina

1989-01-01

The Soviet Space Food and Nutrition programs are compared with those of the U.S. The Soviets established the first Space Food programs in 1961, when one of the Soviet Cosmonauts experienced eating in zero gravity. This study indicates that some major differences exist between the two space food and nutrition programs regarding dietary habits. The major differences are in recommended nutrient intake and dietary patterns between the cosmonauts and astronauts. The intake of protein, carbohydrates and fats are significantly higher in cosmonaut diets compared to astronauts. Certain mineral elements such as phosphorus, sodium and iron are also significantly higher in the cosmonauts' diets. Cosmonauts also experience intake of certain unconventional food and plant extracts to resist stress and increase stamina.

Feasibility study of a long duration balloon flight with NASA/GSFC and Soviet Space Agency Gamma Ray Spectrometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sharp, William E.; Knoll, Glenn

1989-01-01

A feasibility study of conducting a joint NASA/GSFC and Soviet Space Agency long duration balloon flight at the Antarctic in Jan. 1993 is reported. The objective of the mission is the verification and calibration of gamma ray and neutron remote sensing instruments which can be used to obtain geochemical maps of the surface of planetary bodies. The gamma ray instruments in question are the GRAD and the Soviet Phobos prototype. The neutron detectors are supplied by Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Soviet Phobos prototype. These are to be carried aboard a gondola that supplies the data and supplies the power for the period of up to two weeks.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sherrett, R.R.

This study investigates the relationship between NATO's decision to approach the problem created by the intermediate-range nuclear force superiority of the Soviets and the eventual signing of the INF Treaty by the United States and the Soviet Union. The concept presented is that by adopting the dual track decision, (a track for negotiations and a simultaneous track for fielding U.S. INF missiles), the United States was eventually able to conduct arms negotiations from a position of strength. In this way a significant contribution to the INF Treaty negotiation process was made. The study examines the position of each principal priormore » to the dual track decision, examines the role each played in that decision, and looks at the actions taken following the implementation of the dual track decision. The study also presents the nuclear background of NATO, and also examines the INF negotiations in some detail. The conclusions provide the current status of the INF Treaty implementation and outlines some lessons which could be applied to future negotiations of this type. Intermediate-range Nuclear Forces, INF Treaty, GLCM, PIT, Pershing II missiles, Ground Launched Cruise Missiles, Dual Track Decision, Nuclear arms negotiations.« less

Social capital and self-reported general and mental health in nine Former Soviet Union countries.

PubMed

Goryakin, Yevgeniy; Suhrcke, Marc; Rocco, Lorenzo; Roberts, Bayard; McKee, Martin

2014-01-01

Social capital has been proposed as a potentially important contributor to health, yet most of the existing research tends to ignore the challenge of assessing causality in this relationship. We deal with this issue by employing various instrumental variable estimation techniques. We apply the analysis to a set of nine former Soviet countries, using a unique multi-country household survey specifically designed for this region. Our results confirm that there appears to be a causal association running from several dimensions of individual social capital to general and mental health. Individual trust appears to be more strongly related to general health, while social isolation- to mental health. In addition, social support and trust seem to be more important determinants of health than the social capital dimensions that facilitate solidarity and collective action. Our findings are remarkably robust to a range of different specifications, including the use of instrumental variables. Certain interaction effects are also found: for instance, untrusting people who live in communities with higher aggregate level of trust are even less likely to experience good health than untrusting people living in the reference communities.

Contracting with NATO Industry: U.S. or Foreign Procurement Regulations?

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

U.S. procurement regulations Instead, these nations desire to apply their own procurement %nmi ati nn4 h , enat~ 4 ,4.,4 DO A 72", 1473 ’EITION OF INOV ...situation in Poland (1981), and the sustained arms build-up by the Warsaw Pact countries. To further this policy, the Department of Defense (DOD) and... Poland (1981), and the sustained arms build-up by the Warsaw Pact countries. The principal objective in Europe is to deter a Soviet invasion but should

[Clinico-biochemical aspects of human adaptation in central Antarctica as applied to the problems of space biology and medicine].

PubMed

Kurbanov, V V; Khmel'kov, V P; Krupina, T N; Kuznetscv, A G; Kuz'min, M P

1977-01-01

The paper presents the results of clinical, physiological and biochemical examination of 27 polar explorer--members of the 17th Soviet Antartic Expedition at the Vostok station. It gives data on the morbidity rate and describes the development of the asthenic-neurotic syndrome. On the basis of studies of catecholamines and serotonin, the role of the sympatho-adrenal system in the human adaptation to the harsh environments of the Central Antarctica has been shown.

Land Use and Land Cover Changes 1977 to 2000 in the Steppe Region of Ukraine, and Preliminary Results of Evaluating its Ecological and Land Form Implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, G. J.; Prydatko, V.; Luhmann, E. P.

2001-05-01

Ukraine's history as agro-economic region dates back hundreds of years, being the most productive portion of the "black earth region" for the now defunct Soviet Union. This incredible level of agricultural production brought tremendous changes to the landscape matrix, largely eliminating forests and prairie systems from the southern steppe regions of Ukraine. The age of industrialization has had far less significant impacts to the land use patterns as large farms were operated and managed under Soviet Era cooperatives. The recent, 1992, independence of Ukraine has brought new pressures to the landscape. These pressures are initiated by economic needs of Ukraine seeking to be resolved through increased farm production and rapid land and industrial privatization. This study examines land cover changes between 1977, 1988 and 2000 within a representative region of southern Ukraine and northern Crimea. The region covers prototypical landscapes of the steppe region of agriculture at various scales and crops. The study area also allows an examination of changes along coastal areas in the Azov and Black Seas, specifically barrier systems. Additionally, areas of rapid privatization of industries and introduction of western industries exist within this region. The years selected for documentation were chosen as being one near the height of Soviet autonomy, near separation of the Soviet Union and independence of Ukraine and current times. The study looks at ways of documenting land cover change using satellite imagery with ancillary ground based information. The study evaluates effects of these land cover changes through associated losses of hydrologic characteristics in the landscape such as stream, as well as landform changes especially in coastal barrier systems. These changes are correlated to landscape changes and ecological parameters recorded during this nearly 30 year period. Preliminary conclusions are presented as to alternative land use practices and actions for stabilization of the remaining "natural" landscape and protection of near coastal systems especially barrier systems.

The Mishin mission, December 1962 - December 1993

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vick, Charles P.

1994-09-01

Despite the large amount of information that has now emerged on the Soviet manned Lunar effort, many unanswered questions remain about hardware and poorly defined historical related questions. Only about 45% of the full program story had been told and officially released as of the end of 1993. Much of the program still remains secret, but thanks to seven direct meetings with retired General Chief Designer Acad. V. P. Mishin many hardware questions have been answered. It has now become possible to define the L3 spacecraft hardware details precisely. Three of the drawings were, by request, signed by Acad. V. P. Mishin even though they were still undergoing revisions. He had specified changes which have been completed and registered copies for himself. Subsequent changes were made in the light of actual photographs of the hardware and discussions with the individual component designers for precise working understanding of the details. This proved critical in understanding the docking systems design configuration details. The results is a series of drawings on the Soviet manned Lunar program hardware reflecting many years of research, though only part of the total series of drawings that have been developed on the programmes physical layout. Detail diagrams for the following systems are presented. (1) The Soviet Manned Lunar Landing Spacecraft L-3 and Manned Circumnavigation Spacecraft Zond 7K-L1; (2) The N1 Soviet Manned Lunar Program booster systems layout for the L3 payload; (3) The N1-L3 competitors UR-700, UR-700M (UR 900) and R-56. The N1-L3 featured for comparison is the 1969 design variant. Also shown is Proton LK-1 that evolved to Proton Zoned SL-12; and (4) N1-L3 and the N1-L3M compared with the Saturn-V and the G-1-e design concept.

The social production of substance abuse and HIV/HCV risk: an exploratory study of opioid-using immigrants from the former Soviet Union living in New York City

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Several former Soviet countries have witnessed the rapid emergence of major epidemics of injection drug use (IDU) and associated HIV/HCV, suggesting that immigrants from the former Soviet Union (FSU) may be at heightened risk for similar problems. This exploratory study examines substance use patterns among the understudied population of opioid-using FSU immigrants in the U.S., as well as social contextual factors that may increase these immigrants' susceptibility to opioid abuse and HIV/HCV infection. Methods In-depth interviews were conducted with 10 FSU immigrants living in New York City who initiated opioid use in adolescence or young adulthood, and with 6 drug treatment providers working with this population. Informed by a grounded theory approach, interview transcripts were inductively coded and analyzed to identify key themes. Results The "trauma" of the immigration/acculturation experience was emphasized by participants as playing a critical role in motivating opioid use. Interview data suggest that substance use patterns formed in the high-risk environment of the FSU may persist as behavioral norms within New York City FSU immigrant communities - including a predilection for heroin use among youth, a high prevalence of injection, and a tolerance for syringe sharing within substance-using peer networks. Multiple levels of social context may reproduce FSU immigrants' vulnerability to substance abuse and disease such as: peer-based interactional contexts in which participants typically used opioids; community workplace settings in which some participants were introduced to and obtained opioids; and cultural norms, with roots in Soviet-era social policies, stigmatizing substance abuse which may contribute to immigrants' reluctance to seek disease prevention and drug treatment services. Conclusion Several behavioral and contextual factors appear to increase FSU immigrants' risk for opioid abuse, IDU and infectious disease. Further research on opioid-using FSU immigrants is warranted and may help prevent increases in HIV/HCV prevalence from occurring within these communities. PMID:22239997

JPRS Report, Soviet Union Political Affairs Soviet Commentary on the 19th Party Conference.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-31

officer himself, if we are to be thoroughly frank. The situation demanded constructive changes, not cosmetics . We discussed all this in an expanded...to free ourselves of the flow of paper, of the preponderance of instructions and documents, of many other things that hinder our work. As I...promotes unity within Soviet society, as the foundation of free development and blossoming of all peoples in the USSR...." It is this concept that

Bottom Line Conference Held on May 13, 1982 at Fort Lesley J. McNair, Washington, DC.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

THE BETTER THEY MAINTAIN THEIR BALANCE UNAIDED. AN4 ECONOMY EXPERIENCING RAPID GROWTH CAN ADJUST WITH RELATIVE EASE TO CHANGES IN SUPPLY, DEMAND AND...Soviet military balance . The Soviet Union, emboldened by new military might and * America’s post-Vietnam paralysis has, in recent years, * assumed a...conventional forces in Western * Europe and Northeast Asia had become increasingly out of * balance with those of the Soviets. The strategic nuclear balance

Targeting the Soviet Army along the Sino-Soviet Border. Sanitized

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-03-31

consisting usually of larches, pines, firs and spruces . Over 75’ of Eastern Siberia and 49% of the Far East economic region are forested, the densest...momentum of the Soviet strategic progra’i in both quality, diversity and numbers of systems. New high throwight missiles. are being introduced...model area in defense alert and maneuver scenario 1!./114 14 Site/weapons ratios for targetl~ag defense alert sites 121 15 Outlays fir offensive alert

Nuclear Accidents in the Former Soviet Union: Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk and Chernobyl

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

in the Former Soviet Union: Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk and Chernobyl DNA/AFRRI 4020 *. AUTHORIS) Daniel L. Collins, Ph.D. Lt Col, USAF lE L E T E 1...sJ Three nuclear accidents besides Chernobyl have occurred in the Former Soviet Union (FSU). The accidents occurred over the geographic area around...enviromental chemicals. 94,1 126 14. SUBJECT TERMS 16. NUMBER OF PAGES Kyshtym, Chelyabinsk, Chernobyl , REM, human, psychological 0 radiation 90Sr, Curies

The Turkish Straits and the Soviet Navy in the Mediterranean.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

addition, the largest naval and air forces within the Mediterranean were aligned with WATU, creating a friendly environment for U.S. naval forces...strike and might not get through NATO air defenses in Turkey and Greece. The Soviets must therefore rely on ships in the initial phases of a war to a...groups. This situation would, of course, be profoundly altered to NATO’s disadvantage if the Soviets obtained air bases in a Mediterranean country that

Muzzling the Bear: Gorbachev’s Program to Restructure the Soviet Military

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

quantity to quality- in a continuing program of military accumulation.4 4 Steven Adragna argues thalt Soviet military doctrine can not evolve until it...aggressive nature and intent of capitalist society. Adragna maintains that so far there has been no serious effort to discredit the historical theorem that...any military action the Soviet Union takes is defensive in nature by definition and is therefore justified. Further, Adragna claims that the Kremlin’s

The Role of Women in the Soviet Armed Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-15

she would stereotype Soviet women, she stated: " Overworked , unhappy with their lives-- standing in lines, taking care of the kids, alcoholism among men...Greece, The Netherlands, Turkey, Israel and Japan . There was no mention of the Soviet Union. Based upon a January 1991 query to the Women’s Research and...1986-1990 due to accidents, suicide and hazing. The group asked the military prosecutor to investigate the abuses within the armed forces, especially

Afghanistan: The First Five Years of Soviet Occupation

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

center and still was one of the prettiest places in Asia. Other tourists made a point of seeing the Soviet-built Salang Pass tunnel, at 11.000 feel ...influence on both domestic aiiu foreign policy was considerable. In the decades that followed his exile he was greatly admired by many Afghan intellectuals ...Central Asia. Feel - ing threatened by enemies within and without, the Soviet Union %aw as its main foreign policy objective the need to obtain

The Beijing Olympics: Political Impact and Implications for Soft Power Politics

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

success. Japan, South Korea, and the Soviet Union all used the Games as a way to celebrate their achievements. Each of these country’s Games, however...Ethiopia, and Nicaragua.4 Ideological differences between the Soviet Union and the United States were already a source of tension leading up to the...183. 5 American boycott was limited, as the Soviet Union did not change its policies or behavior. The boycott made a grand public statement

East Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-06

of Soviet Forces in Germany 25 The National People’s Army 56 - a - SOCIOLOGY HUNGARY Data on Stealing, Other Crimes Against State Sector (Eva...ORDER OF BATTLE ON MILITARY FORCES IN THE GDR Group of Soviet Forces in Germany Frankfurt/Main SOLDAT UND TECHNIK in German No 11 Nov 86 pp 620-639...about 380,000 men of the ground forces and about 40,000 air force men—the "Group of Soviet Forces in Germany " (GSFG) or the "Gruppa Sovyetskikh

The Soviet Withdrawal from Eastern Europe: A Move in Crisis

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-15

90-130, 6 July 1990, pp. 15-16. Lapskiy, V. "Future Germany : European Bridge ." Izvesti[a, 16 July 1990, Morning Edition, p. 3, in FBIS-SOV-90-138...ending it’s military involvement in Czechoslovakia, East Germany , Hungary, and Poland. Accounts of the Soviet military withdrawal need to be studied in...in Czechoslovakia, East Germany , Hungary, and Poland. The cascading accounts of the Soviet military withdrawal need to be studied in order to access

Japan, Russia and the Northern Territories Dispute: Neighbors in Search of a Good Fence

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-09-01

source material has come from Japanese authors. The author has made an effort to remain objective when reading these works in an attempt to try to...Soviet forces began their attack approximately 30 minutes after the declaration of war had been read to Ambassador Satō. The following day, Soviet...State Cordell Hull, but neither man read the document. Roosevelt was more concerned with Soviet intentions in China, and would have likely considered

Soviet Intentions and American Options in the Middle East,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

restraints upon cannibals and elimi- nating the slave trade appeared to our ancestors. Some of the Soviet leadership may be cynically mouthing propaganda...ish military weakness-the fall of Khartum in the Sudan, and the 9 massacre of General Gordon and his forces there in January 1885.1 Similarly, the...rare in the Middle East-a modern urban setting. The educational system spawned a hoard of Marxist teachers, many of whom saw Soviet communism as the

Mutiny on Storozhevoy: A Case Study of Dissent in the Soviet Navy

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-03-01

Mikhail Btrrn5Uiui, a Soviet dissid-t now at the nover Institution and David Satter, the Moscow correspondent for the London-base2 Financial Times...Socialist Commitments," M Sbornik, Mno 7 1Q77 p%. 13_1t% 114 26. Kostov, G. and Makeyev , R., Captains First Bank, "New Shipboard Regulations on...Studies, Soviet Emigre (Interviewed in Santa Monica, CA: 17 November 1981) 99. Bernstam, Mikhail S., Fellow. Hcover Institute/ Stanford University

The Threat of the Premium Tank: The Product and Process of the Soviet Experience

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-05

one of the Soviet Army’s most significant developments in land warfare remains. The demonstrated capability to develop, produce, and field innovative ...T-34, it clearly did not display the innovations and advanced capabilities that would bring Soviet post-war heavy tanks and the modern premium tank on...antitank warfare caused by the historically demonstrated capability to develop, produce, and field innovative and high technology tanks must be prevented

Security Assistance Rationales: The Soviet Union and Eastern Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-12-01

of knowledge and as an analytical prism, it reflects an image of the existing social order and the distinctive analytical instruments (dialectical laws...desiderata through reliance on an external factor; the Soviet Union. In the case of Romania, Ceausescu rede - fined the parties desiderata more in line with...forces in the world. For in a climate of anti-Soviet hatred, attacks on socialism and on world peace can be more easily perpetrated. The history of

United States Foreign Assistance Programs: The Requirement of Metrics for Security Assistance and Security Cooperation Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

Czech Republic, Estonia, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania , Slovakia, and Slovenia. 26 The seven PfP Eastern European countries, as...The Soviet experience has left an indelible mark in Ukrainian “identity, politics, economics and even religion ”127 and this experience looms large in...from Tsarist Russia to the Soviet Union from 1918 to 1921.186 The Russian and Soviet influences, along with previous Persian and Ottoman cultures

What are the effects of arms control on Norway and northern waters. Research report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Furnes, R.H.

1990-04-01

Norway occupies a strategic position between the two superpowers. Her close proximity to the Soviet Union and the military bases on the Kola Peninsula make her territory attractive to both NATO and the Soviet Union. Buildups of the Soviet North Fleet and the naval base on Kola and the United States naval strategy of forward deployment, have increased the activity and the importance of northern waters. This increased importance of northern waters could challenge the Norwegian security policy. Arms reduction could make Norwegian territory relatively more important for the Soviet Union to defend her interests on Kola and in northernmore » waters and for the United States to project a threat to the Soviet interests in the area. (1) A reduction of strategic nuclear missile forces will focus on survivability. Northern waters offers excellent protection to Soviet submarines. A relative shift to SLBM could be the result of reducing the strategic nuclear missile forces. (2) The INF does not comprise sea launched intermediate nuclear missiles. Hence the elimination of land-based intermediate nuclear forces could cause a shift to sea launched nuclear missiles. START negotiations and the INF treaty could relatively increase the number of sea based strategic and intermediate nuclear forces which would relatively increase the activity and the importance of northern waters. Thus, Norway and her security policy would be affected.« less

Psychokinesis and Its Possible Implication to Warfare Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

E. 4Rhine began to study psychic phenomena; their research "initially focused on telepathy and clairvoyance. In 1934, J. B. Rhine instituted PK... dream recall (1983 PRL Annual Report). The efforts of PRL to standardize or at least to establish uniformity within the subject populations being...64 -77). Soviet Parapsychology Research. Medical Intelligence and Information Agency. (CLASSIFIED). (S18841.80). Ix, Stanescu, S. Telepathy in

Strategic Studies Quarterly- Spring 2016

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

under one treaty or another. Advocates promoted the 1963 Partial Test Ban Treaty as a stabilizing agreement that would restrict nuclear tests to the...revealed missile and warhead performance in testing -even questioning whether the Soviets were providing false information on open transmission...liferator might use one or more weapons coercively, irresponsibly, or accidentally. It could hand a nuclear weapon off to a terrorist group , or it could

["Soiuz-Apollo" experimental flight. Preliminary results of medicobiological studies, carried out during the flight of "Soiuz-19" spaceship].

PubMed

Vorob'ev, E I; Gazenko, O G; Gurovskiĭ, N N; Nefedov, Iu G; Egorov, B B

1976-01-01

The paper presents brief information on the Apollo-Soyuz test mission, its program biomedical investigations to be carried out in flight and specific medical aspects. It discusses the main tasks of the joint US-USSR experiments and Soviet experiments. It gives and analyzes preliminary results of medical monitoring and postflight examinations of the crew members.

West Europe Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-19

information primarily from foreign newspapers, periodicals and books, but also from news agency transmissions and broadcasts. Materials from foreign...China Unlikely for Now (Tullio Meli; IL GIORNALE, 15 Dec 86) 21 Cossiga Stresses ’Responsibility’ in New Year’s Message (LA REPUBBLICA, 2 Jan 87...HELSINGIN SANOMAT, 17 Jan 87) 65 Paper Views Impact of Soviets’ New Policies on Trade (Inger Jagerhorn; HUFVUDSTADSBLADET, 8 Jan 87) 66

Russian Elite Image of Iran: From the Late Soviet Era to the Present

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

Government. Authors of Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) publications enjoy full academic freedom, provided they do not disclose classified...information, jeopardize operations security, or misrepresent official U.S. policy. Such academic freedom empowers them to offer new and sometimes...publications, but in respectable academic journals and influential publishing houses. Above all, it could be seen in Dugin’s position. From a staunch

The Talas-Fergana Fault, Kirghiz and Kazakh, USSR

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wallace, R.E.

1976-01-01

The great Talas-Fergana fault transects the Soviet republic of Kirghiz in Soviet Central Asia and extends southeastward into China and northwestward into Kazakh SSR (figs. 1 and 2). This great rupture in the Earth's crust rivals the San Andreas fault in California; it is long (approximately 900 kilometers), complex, and possibly has a lateral displacement of hundreds of kilometers similar to that on the San Andreas fault. The Soviet geologist V. S. Burtman suggested that right-lateral offset of 250 kilometers has occurred, citing a shift of Devonian rocks as evidence (fig. 3). By no means do all Soviet geologists agree. Some hold the view that there is no lateral displacement along the Talas-Fergana fault and that the anomalous distribution of Paleozoic rocks is a result of the original position of deposition. 

The case of General Grigorenko: a psychiatric reexamination of a Soviet dissident.

PubMed

Reich, W

1980-11-01

Pyotr Grigorievich Grigorenko was the perfect realization of the Bolshevik dream. Emerging from the humblest soil of Czarist Russia, he rose to the highest precincts of Soviet power. An ardent patriot, a committed communist and effective leader, he became a Major General in the Red Army, exercised a deep and seminal influence on Soviet military theory, and was showered with medals, honors and promotions through five loyal decades of his Soviet life. In the early nineteen-sixties, at the height of his career, he turned dissident. Arrested, he was psychiatrically examined, declared mentally ill, and committed to prison hospitals for the criminally insane. Two years ago, after reaching the West, he asked for a second opinion on his psychiatric condition. This is a report on the examinations and the findings.

Children's Literature in the Soviet Union

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, D. D.; And Others

1976-01-01

Children's literature in the Soviet Union is of four types: 17 stories based on old tales, adaptations from great Russian literature, original writings for children, and translations from foreign works. (JH)

Theory, Practice, and the "Zone of Proximal Development" in Soviet Psychoeducational Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wozniak, R. H.

1980-01-01

Philosphical principles provide the context for the Soviets' psychological theory (in particular, the "zone of proximal development" concept); this theory then shapes psychoeducational practice. (GDC)

Thermonuclear milestones: (2) Beginnings of the Soviet H-bomb program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goncharov, G.A.

1996-11-01

Early Soviet theoretical work on thermonuclear ignition was adied by espionage, but many important ideas were conceived and developed independently {copyright} {ital 1996 American Institute of Physics.}

Foreign Policy Benefits from Subsidization of Trade with Eastern Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-01

AFUDC, the projected cost per kilowatt is $2440. A reactor containment for a 1000 MW pressur - ized water reactor costs about $100 million;96 let us ...diffprencpe in interests between the Soviet Union and its East European allies in the Warsaw Pact. It examines the use of economic policy by the West as a...instead to Soviet armies, fronts, or theaters of military operations (TVDs). The Groups of Soviet Forces are stationed in Eastern Europe in part in an

Iran’s Influence on the Former Soviet Muslim Republics and the Implications for U.S. Strategic Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-25

Union. =7 This was followed by a most dramatic improvement in Soviet-Iranian relations. Soviet Foreign Minister Eduard Shevardnadze visited Iran in...Iran has been wary of a reemergence of Russian imperialisml the Iranian Foreign Minister , Dr. All Akbar Velayati, in September criticized Boris Yeltsin...with Foreign Minister Velayati’s visit to Moscow. Moscow radio confirmed the opening of the new consulates 11 on 19 December 1991. 4𔃺 ENDNOTES 1

The 1967 June War: Soviet Naval Diplomacy and the Sixth Fleet - A Reappraisal,

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

2 SSM) 2 Kildin (1 SSM) 1 Kotlin (1+2 SAM) 7 Kotlin 9 Skoryy 10 Riga 5 Mikka 5 Petya 23 Poti 17 Kronshtadt 6 OSA 10 Komar 184 Other 11...class DDGS in the Mediterranean until 31 August, 1 Soviet Kashin class DLG in the Med- iterranean until 13 SEP; 1 modified Soviet Kotlin class DD...President Johnson orders th« Sixth Fleet eastwards, and later flee* reverses course. Kotlin 514 breaks off surveillance of the USS SARATOGA at midday

Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-23

FY1996 and FY2002 in the former Soviet Union.67 The State Department also manages and funds the International Science and Technology Center ( ISTC ) in...Center ( ISTC ) in Moscow. Several other former Soviet states joined the center during the 1990s, and other nations, including Norway and South Korea...centers. The Moscow Center funded nearly 1,700 projects that engaged about 41,000 scientists. In 2001, the ISTC in Moscow supported more than 22,000

’Whiskey on the Rocks’ - The Submarine Incident off Karlskrona (’Whisky on the Rocks’ - Der U-Boot-Zwischefall vor Karlskrona),

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-19

kowledg tha hoediee e i sumrieoesgeufr umrednvgain sounded the arm to the "Oertogsbasstaben sic] in Karlskrona, whose chief of staff, Commander Karl...through: "Sweden--small--pfui--nothing, Soviet Union--great-- powerful ." Not quite diplomatic, but perhaps a measure of the master race mentality of...certain Soviet military people. Soviet Demonstration of Power When the alarm was sounded, all conceivable measures were taken by the Swedish commander𔃾n

An Evaluation of the Anti-Soviet Guerrilla Warfare Potential in Soviet Estonia

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-10-15

der Waffen-S[., p. 95. 21 42. Arnold Purre, "Saksa-NÖuk. Liidu soja uldjooni," in Eestl Rllk ja Rahvas Telses Maallmasojas, Vol. 7, ed. by...Purre, "Saksa-Nouk. Liidu söja uldjooni," p. 35. 45. Hausser, pp. 95-96. 46. Purre, "Saksa-Nouk. Liidu soja uldjooni," p. 35. 47. Ibid. p. 36...of Estot.ia and life under the Soviet occupation.) 10. Maasing, Richard, et al. Ecsti Rilk Ja Rahvas Telses Maallma- sojas . Vol. 1

The persistent dream - Soviet plans for manned lunar missions.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Den Abeelen, L.

Soviet hopes of achieving the supreme space `first' were crushed in July 1969 when an American became the first human on the Moon. Following the four unsuccessful flight tests of the N1 lunar booster, the Soviet manned lunar landing effort was officially suspended, but even as the Russians were denying they had ever planned to land a cosmonaut on the moon, NPO Energia was designing craft for a long-term scientific, even semi-industrial presence on the lunar surface.

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Political Affairs, On Stalin and Stalinism: Historical Essays by Roy Medvedev

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-07-05

commander, if the previous one is seriously wounded, as the Church needs a new high priest if the former has gone to his Maker, so a political party...JPRS-UPA-89-042 5 JULY 1989 JPRS »I» —-.I::::1: ’^ m Tariff x Soviet Union Political Affairs ON STALIN AND STALINISM: HISTORICAL ESSAYS By...Soviet Union Political Affairs ON STALIN AND STALINISM: HISTORICAL ESSAYS By Roy Medvedev JPRS-UPA-89-042 CONTENTS 5 JULY 1989 18300508 Moscow

Soviet-Indian Relations and the Indian Ocean as a Zone of Peace.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

of the animal protein in the Soviet diet and one fifth of all protein . A naval presence deters the seizure or harassment of Soviet trawlers. (3...within the region. India, on the other hand , believes that withdrawal of non-littoral forces would result in an 9 increase in the power of nonaligned...could correct a "vacuum" was to help increase the economic strength of the region. Regional attempts to exclude nuclear weapons, great power rivalries

The Soviet BOR-4 Spaceplanes and their Legacy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hendrickx, B.

Between 1982 and 1984 the Soviet Union launched four small recoverable lifting bodies designed to test heatshield materials for the Soviet space shuttle Buran. Called BOR-4, these vehicles were originally designed to be flown in support of the Spiral military spaceplane programme, but after the cancellation of that project were reoriented towards Buran. They were widely misinterpreted in the West as subscale versions of a military spaceplane and would later serve as the basis for several American spaceplane designs.

Space Technology and the Soviet/US Strategic Competition: A Perspective and Forecast Using Twelve-Year Cycles

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

was opened. The original Soviet ICBM, the SS-6 " Sapwood ," while not deployed in any significant numbers, was continuously refined and used as a space...concern. Although still less capable than her adversary’s, the Soviet Navy was expanding rapidly. Even in the traditional area of American preeminence...work area , was 9.1 meters long and was sandwiched between the forward docking portion and the rear service module. After a preliminary rendezvous and

Deep Operations in Airland Battle Doctrine: The Employment of U.S. Ground Forces in Deep Operational Maneuver

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-16

development and is manifested today in the Operational .Maneuver Group. As the name implies, the Soviet emphiasis is at the operational level. The mission of...high-intensity war! 10 answer this question I (1) analyze Soviet deep operations theory to determine how their concept developed and what they expect...USA, 32 pageF., In Soviet Army doctrine, deep operations has been a long time in development and is manifested today in the Operational Maneuver Group

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 12

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, Lydia Razran (Editor); Radtke, Mike (Editor); Teeter, Ronald (Editor); Rowe, Joseph (Editor)

1987-01-01

This issue contains 42 papers recently published in Russian language periodicals and bound collections of four Soviet monographs. Also included is a review of a recent Soviet congress on space gastroenterology.

[The Shmakovka health resort: the history and the current status].

PubMed

Derkacheva, L N; Kosolapov, A B; Demeev, Ya A; Skachkov, O A; Galenko, E V

The authors distinguish three periods in the history of the «Shmakovka» health resort, viz. pre-revolutionary (from 1870 to 1917), Soviet (from 1917 to 1991) and modern (since 1992 up to the present time). The history of the discovery and the initial development of the mineral springs is highlighted, the foundation and evolution of the major facilities of the «Shmakovka» health resort in the years of socialist construction in the Soviet period is described. Information about the main areas of research carried out based at these facilities at different times is presented. Special attention is given to the various aspects of the sustainable development of the «Shmakovka» health resort in the context of the current tendencies toward activation of the import substitution activities with special reference to the organization of tourism in this country, strengthening of the material-technical base of the health centers, improvement of the quality of medical and health services, and further development of scientific research.

Space radiation dosimetry on US and Soviet manned missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parnell, T. A.; Benton, E. V.

1995-01-01

Radiation measurements obtained on board U.S. and Soviet spacecraft are presented and discussed. A considerable amount of data has now been collected and analyzed from measurements with a variety of detector types in low-Earth orbit. The objectives of these measurements have been to investigate the dose and Linear Energy Transfer (LET) spectra within the complex shielding of large spacecraft. The shielding modifies the external radiation (trapped protons, electrons, cosmic ray nuclei) which, in turn, is quite dependent on orbital parameters (altitude, inclination). For manned flights, these measurements provide a crew exposure record and a data base for future spacecraft design and flight planning. For the scientific community they provide useful information for planning and analyzing data from experiments with high sensitivity to radiation. In this paper, results of measurements by both passive and active detectors are described. High-LET spectra measurements were obtained by means of plastic nuclear track detectors (PNTD's) while thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD's) measured the dose.

USSR Space Life Sciences Digest, issue 8

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hooke, L. R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor); Teeter, R. (Editor)

1985-01-01

This is the eighth issue of NASA's USSR Space Life Sciences Digest. It contains abstracts of 48 papers recently published in Russian language periodicals and bound collections and of 10 new Soviet monographs. Selected abstracts are illustrated with figures and tables. Additional features include reviews of two Russian books on radiobiology and a description of the latest meeting of an international working group on remote sensing of the Earth. Information about English translations of Soviet materials available to readers is provided. The topics covered in this issue have been identified as relevant to 33 areas of aerospace medicine and space biology. These areas are: adaptation, biological rhythms, biospherics, body fluids, botany, cardiovascular and respiratory systems, cosmonaut training, cytology, endocrinology, enzymology, equipment and instrumentation, exobiology, gastrointestinal system, genetics, group dynamics, habitability and environment effects, hematology, human performance, immunology, life support systems, man-machine systems, mathematical modeling, metabolism, microbiology, musculoskeletal system, neurophysiology, nutrition, operational medicine, personnel selection, psychology, reproductive biology, and space biology and medicine.

Russians in treatment: the evidence base supporting cultural adaptations.

PubMed

Jurcik, Tomas; Chentsova-Dutton, Yulia E; Solopieieva-Jurcikova, Ielyzaveta; Ryder, Andrew G

2013-07-01

Despite large waves of westward migration, little is known about how to adapt services to assist Russian-speaking immigrants. In an attempt to bridge the scientist-practitioner gap, the current review synthesizes diverse literatures regarding what is known about immigrants from the Former Soviet Union. Relevant empirical studies and reviews from cross-cultural and cultural psychology, sociology, psychiatric epidemiology, mental health, management, linguistics, history, and anthropology literature were synthesized into three broad topics: culture of origin issues, common psychosocial challenges, and clinical recommendations. Russian speakers probably differ in their form of collectivism, gender relations, emotion norms, social support, and parenting styles from what many clinicians are familiar with and exhibit an apparent paradoxical mix of modern and traditional values. While some immigrant groups from the Former Soviet Union are adjusting well, others have shown elevated levels of depression, somatization, and alcoholism, which can inform cultural adaptations. Testable assessment and therapy adaptations for Russians were outlined based on integrating clinical and cultural psychology perspectives. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The specter of post-communism: women and alcohol in eight post-Soviet states.

PubMed

Hinote, Brian Philip; Cockerham, William C; Abbott, Pamela

2009-04-01

Because men have borne the heaviest burden of premature mortality in the former Soviet Union, women have for the most part been overlooked in studies of the health crisis in this part of the world. A considerable body of research points to alcohol consumption among males as a primary lifestyle cause of premature mortality. However, the extent to which alcohol use has penetrated the female population following the collapse of communism and how this consumption is associated with other social factors is less well-understood. Accordingly, this paper investigates alcohol consumption in eight republics of the former USSR - Armenia, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, and Ukraine using data collected in 2001. More specifically, discussion of gender role transformations and the historical experiences of women during the Soviet era emphasize two potentially important social influences examined in this analysis: psychological distress and Soviet political ideology. Findings suggest that distress is only weakly statistically associated with frequent drinking behavior among women, but results for political ideology show that this factor is statistically and significantly associated with drinking behaviors. Alcohol consumption was not particularly common among women under communism, but trends have been changing. Our discussion suggests that, after the collapse of the Soviet state, women are more able to embrace behavioral practices related to alcohol, and many may do so as an overt rejection of traditional Soviet norms and values. Findings are also discussed within the context of current epidemiological trends and future research directions in these eight republics.

Identity loss and recovery in the life stories of Soviet World War II veterans.

PubMed

Coleman, Peter G; Podolskij, Andrei

2007-02-01

We examined the adjustment to societal change following the fall of communism in a group of Soviet war veterans from Russia and the Ukraine. The focus of the study was on the dynamics of identity development, and especially generativity, in a period of intense social upheaval. We administered measures of self-esteem, life satisfaction, and generativity to 50 World War II veterans from five distinct areas of the former Soviet Union. We also conducted life-history interviews and made a thematic analysis of the transcripts. Despite the loss of the system of government and values that had dominated their lives, most participants demonstrated positive well-being, and especially a high sense of generativity. They described their experience of societal change as having disturbed their past, present, and future sense of self. Most, however, had found ways of reaffirming a generative identity. For some, this meant maintaining a Soviet identity; for others, it meant taking a critical view of the history through which they had lived. The principal sustaining element among the participants as a whole was hope in their own families' future. Major societal change of the kind experienced by Soviet war veterans in later life poses a challenge to a continued sense of generativity. These elderly veterans were able to meet this challenge, providing evidence of their resilience and the continuing strength of family bonds in the former Soviet Union at this time of debate about national identity.

Entrepreneurial proliferation: Russia`s nuclear industry suits the buyers market. Master`s thesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Whalen, T.D.; Williams, A.R.

1995-06-01

The Soviet Union collapsed in December 1991, bringing an end to four decades of the Cold War. A system of tight centralized controls has given way to chaotic freedom and un-managed, entrepreneurial capitalism. Of immediate concern to most world leaders has been the control and safety of over 30,000 Soviet nuclear weapons. After 1991, the Soviet, centralized system of management lost one key structural element: a reliable `human factor` for nuclear material control. The Soviet systems for physical security and material control are still in place in the nuclear inheritor states - Russia, Ukraine, Khazakhnstan, and Belarus - but theymore » do not restrain or regulate their nuclear industry. In the chaos created by the Soviet collapse, the nonproliferation regime may not adequately temper the supply of the nuclear materials of the new inheritor states. This could permit organizations or states seeking nuclear weapons easier access to fissile materials. New initiatives such as the United States Cooperative Threat Reduction program, which draws upon U.S. technology and expertise to help the NIS solve these complex problems, are short-tern tactics. At present there are no strategies which address the long-tern root problems caused by the Soviet collapse.This thesis demonstrates the extent of the nuclear control problems in Russia. Specifically, we examine physical security, material control and accounting regulation and enforcement, and criminal actions. It reveals that the current lack of internal controls make access to nuclear materials easier for aspiring nuclear weapons States.« less

Images of China in U.S. Foreign Policy Making

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

process may develop into cognitive dissonance . The individual decision maker could avoid or justify alternative information that opposes his or her...particularly in Acheson’s cognition of China. The establishment of a communist state in mainland China, the formation of a Sino-Soviet alliance, and the...argues that it is difficult to examine policy decisions in a situation without regarding the policy makers’ cognition of the world and 6 the

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Kommunist, No. 12, August 1990.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-06

Union KOMMUNIST No 12, August 1990 m° Q^ALITy W&PECTED ä REPRODUCED BY U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICE...asserted that which may seem basic yet which constantly needs assertion: nation , jus- tice, freedom, truth and right stand above party interests...suspect; the infinite centralization of life led to suppressing any kind of local, ethnic and national cul- tural independence; the history of the

Chemical Warfare: Many Unanswered Questions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-04-29

of Defense DSB Defense Science Board GAO U.S. General Accounting Office IDA Institute for Defense Analyses JCS Joint Chiefs of Staff SIPRI Stockholm...Defense Science Board in 1980, DOD specifically asked it to review intelligence data on chemical warfare, and DSB’s 1981 report accordingly presents its...Defense Science Board report suggests, however, that its com- - ments are based on a composite of intelligence information on Soviet chemical warfare

Raising the Curtain. A Report with Recommendations on Academic Exchanges with East Central Europe and the USSR. East Central Europe Information Exchange Report 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burn, Barbara B.

This report provides an overview of the changes in the development of academic exchange activity between the United States, the Soviet Union, and East Central Europe in the context of far-reaching reforms throughout the region. It also explores the factors which may facilitate or inhibit further growth in academic exchanges. The report begins with…

Unification of some biochemical methods of research in the pre- and post-flight periods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tigranyan, R. A.

1980-01-01

The biochemical methods for determination of various parameters and factors during pre- and post-flight periods, as used by American and Soviet teams dealing with space flight medicine are compared. The emphasis is on the exchange of information on the study of the blood and urine content of space travelers before and after space flight. A series of electrolytic, enzymatic, and hormonal factors is discussed.

Defense Information Systems Program Automated CORDIVEM Design Requirements,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-28

for the Soviet military organization and equipment. Dr. John Spagnuolo incorporated artificial intelligence techniques in the discussion of functional...4-44 4.1.2.18.2 Artificial Intelligence ...... ........ 4-49 4.1.2.18.3 Types of A.I ................. 4-51 4.1.2.19 General Planning Requirements...described later. Further, some subprocesses may need one of the various techniques associated with the broad field of Artificial Intelligence (A.I.) in

Rhetoric and Public Address: Abstracts of Doctoral Dissertations Published in "Dissertation Abstracts International," July through December 1985 (Vol. 46 Nos. 1 through 6).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

ERIC Clearinghouse on Reading and Communication Skills, Urbana, IL.

This collection of abstracts is part of a continuing series providing information on recent doctoral dissertations. The 15 titles deal with the following topics: (1) the role of public discourse in the soil conservation movement from 1865 to 1935; (2) Dwight D. Eisenhower's public imagery of the Soviet Union and Communist China as presented in…

Nurses across borders: displaced Russian and Soviet nurses after World War I and World War II.

PubMed

Grant, Susan

2014-01-01

Russian and Soviet nurse refugees faced myriad challenges attempting to become registered nurses in North America and elsewhere after the World War II. By drawing primarily on International Council of Nurses refugee files, a picture can be pieced together of the fate that befell many of those women who left Russia and later the Soviet Union because of revolution and war in the years after 1917. The history of first (after World War I) and second (after World War II) wave émigré nurses, integrated into the broader historical narrative, reveals that professional identity was just as important to these women as national identity. This became especially so after World War II, when Russian and Soviet refugee nurses resettled in the West. Individual accounts become interwoven on an international canvas that brings together a wide range of personal experiences from women based in Russia, the Soviet Union, China, Yugoslavia, Canada, the United States, and elsewhere. The commonality of experience among Russian nurses as they attempted to establish their professional identities highlights, through the prism of Russia, the importance of the history of the displaced nurse experience in the wider context of international migration history.

Educational perspectives for elderly migrants: A case of Soviet refugees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Persidsky, Igor V.; Kelly, James J.

1992-07-01

Modern human migration is characterized by a large number of elderly immigrants, who are coming to the United States from developing countries as refugees. The emigration from the Soviet Union during the last 20 years presents a unique phenomenon in modern human migration because of (1) the high percentage of the elderly, about 17%; (2) origination from urban areas and rather high level of education; (3) beliefs and attitudes developed under the Soviet political, economic and cultural system; (4) non-minority status in the United States; and (5) strong support from the American Jewish community. The greatest problem in adjustment of the elderly is English fluency, because language determines the utilization of health services and social support which they need and which are available from the agencies. Special education programs for these elderly with bilingual/bicultural instructors must be identified as one of the most important intervention approaches. There is another educational strategy for the immigrant population which must be promoted: training/retraining of bilingual/bicultural professionals in geriatrics. American professionals who deal with the elderly Soviets must also be educated about Soviet culture, system of social welfare, health practices and social behavior.

The phenomenon of Soviet science.

PubMed

Kojevnikov, Alexei

2008-01-01

The grand "Soviet experiment" constituted an attempt to greatly accelerate and even shortcut the gradual course of historical development on the assumption of presumed knowledge of the general laws of history. This paper discusses the parts of that experiment that directly concerned scientific research and, in fact, anticipated or helped define important global changes in the functioning of science as a profession and an institution during the twentieth century. The phenomenon of Soviet, or socialist, science is analyzed here from the comparative international perspective, with attention to similarities and reciprocal influences, rather than to the contrasts and dichotomies that have traditionally interested cold war-type historiography. The problem is considered at several levels: philosophical (Soviet thought on the relationship between science and society and the social construction of scientific knowledge); institutional (the state recognition of research as a separate profession, the rise of big science and scientific research institutes); demographic (science becoming a mass profession, with ethnic and gender diversity among scientists); and political (Soviet-inspired influences on the practice of science in Europe and the United States through the social relations of science movement of the 1930s and the Sputnik shock of the 1950s).

Navy mobility fuels forecasting system report: World petroleum trade forecasts for the year 2000

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, S.

1991-12-01

The Middle East will continue to play the dominant role of a petroleum supplier in the world oil market in the year 2000, according to business-as-usual forecasts published by the US Department of Energy. However, interesting trade patterns will emerge as a result of the democratization in the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. US petroleum imports will increase from 46% in 1989 to 49% in 2000. A significantly higher level of US petroleum imports (principally products) will be coming from Japan, the Soviet Union, and Eastern Europe. Several regions, the Far East, Japan, Latin American, and Africa will import moremore » petroleum. Much uncertainty remains about of the level future Soviet crude oil production. USSR net petroleum exports will decrease; however, the United States and Canada will receive some of their imports from the Soviet Union due to changes in the world trade patterns. The Soviet Union can avoid becoming a net petroleum importer as long as it (1) maintains enough crude oil production to meet its own consumption and (2) maintains its existing refining capacities. Eastern Europe will import approximately 50% of its crude oil from the Middle East.« less

Amu Darya River

Atmospheric Science Data Center

2013-04-16

... and the river waters are used intensively to irrigate cotton and other crops. During the Soviet era, large irrigation systems were developed and the region became specialized in cotton growing. Independence from the Soviet Union occurred in 1991 and is ...

Soviet News and Propaganda Analysis Based on RED STAR (The Official Newspaper of the Soviet Defense Establishment for the Period), 1-31 January 1985. Volume 5, Number 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-31

landing their aircraft. The reasons for the mistakes are: I - The pilots do not pay attention to training. - Inadequate training. - The pilots do not follow...aircraft. Pilots do not pay attention and do not follow instructions on how to land their aircraft. E-4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Soviet News and Propaganda...organizations that received substantial media attention in January 1985 are listed in Table 1. (Percent reflects total of foreign coverage.) The data in

Soviet Muslim Policy: Domestic and Foreign Policy Linkages.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-30

centered in Khuzhistan at the head of the Persian Gulf and Iran’s oil production area. Strikes by the Arab workers were one of the critical elements...286; John Soper, "Is the Soviet Union Interested in Playing the Uigur Card?" Radio Liberty Research, No. 69/79, March 1, 1979; David R. Staats , "The...Uighur Press and the Sino-Soviet Conflict, ibid., No. 147/77, June 15, 1977. 43. David R. Staats , "Sinkiang and ’The China Card,"’ ibid., No. 171/79

The Sea is Red The Sino-Soviet Rivalry and Its Naval Dimension.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-01

censor President Reagan’s remarks in China critical of the Soviet Union. [10]** Moreover, ties between Washington and...of the Truong Sa archipelago [Spratlys] in the Eastern Sea (82]. * The Philippines and Taiwan also hold islands in the Spratlys. Malaysia has occupied...greater threat to the Soviets in Asia. And as Zhao Ziyang points out, both China and the United States are Pacific nations and are responsible for the peace and stability of the region [117]. -36- 4A FILMED 6-85 DTIC o .1 - .

The Insurgent Movement in Ukraine During 1940s-1950s: Lessons Learned from the Case Study of the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (OUN-UPA)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

partitioned between several major powers; the Soviet Union in the East, Romania in the South and Southwest, and Poland and Czechoslovakia in the West. Anti...effective, what aspects could be considered as effective activities and why the insurgency was ultimately succumbed to defeat by the Soviet Union ...the most radical OUN wing decided to wage an uncompromising war on “two fronts;” against Nazi Germany and Communist Soviet Union . The OUN became the

Radioactive Waste in the Nordic and Far East Seas; a Soviet Legacy with International Environmental and National Security Repercussions

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

362. 17 Janusz Kindler , and Stephen F. Lintner, "An Action Plan to Clean Up the Baltic’, Environment, Volume 35, No. 8, O~ober 1993: 7. 18...Independent States of the Former Soviet Union, W~shington De, GPO, May 1993, Volume 4, Supplement No. 2: 9. Io6 Janusz Kindler , and Stephen F. Lintner...of the Post-Soviet.Press, Volume XLV, No. 44, December 1, 1993: 27. Greenberger, Leonard S. "Nuclear Waste and the NIMBY Syndrome ", Public Utilities

Soviet News and Propaganda Analysis Based on RED STAR (The Official Newspaper of the Soviet Defense Establishment) for the Period 1-30 November 1984. Volume 4, Number 11.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-30

government. * Many innocent women and children are killed as a result of American sponsored military raids into Nicaragua. Fifty-six percent of Red...goals (in regard to the arms race): -- To gain a first-strike advantage. -- To double the number of nuclear weapons. -- To refuse to freeze arms...international issues/events. It addresses the issues important to the political elite.c-- .. Men and women in the Soviet armed forces receive political

Soviet Frontal Aviation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

Oxplail thLtI th\\ v ,:crL’ v , turiou-, only because of tile " r’ .e.r e.i,:: t, tan. un , ol e - in, :, t.Lictics, as well as the u.-, e of -, V "I 01I o, L...Pilot". Soviet Military Review. No. 2, 1979. Mikryukov , L. "Upravleniye istrebitelyami v vozdushnom boyu" (Controlling Fighter Planes in Aerial Combat...4. TITLE (and Subtitle) S. TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD CeVERED SOVIET FRONTAL AVIATION,./ - r E -RrSWUN r.oR. *ep**T NumaE.R 7. AUTHOR(a) S. CONTRACT OR

Soviet Naval Military and Air Power in the Third World,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-31

enhanced by the impressive Kirov class nucler - powered , guided missile cruiser. This ship is the largest naval vessel built byanynation since World ’W...RD-Rli5e 290 SOVIET NAVAL MILITARY AND AIR POWER IN THE THIRD WORLD i/I (U) KENT STATE UNIV OH LYMAN L LEMNITZER CENTER FOR NATO STUDIES L J ANDOLINO...ii . MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NAh{ThAL BUPIAU OF STANDAR[)S 4 -.1 21 -.!r z r o SOVIET NAVAL MILITARY AND AIR 0’) POWER IN THE THIRD WORLD o by

A fertile mother Russia: pronatalist propaganda in revolutionary Russia.

PubMed

Starks, Tricia

2003-07-01

The Soviet consultation with its attendant propaganda, visiting nurses, and vacation homes attempted to set science and the doctor as the ultimate authority in matters of child rearing in place of old authorities, deny the contention that motherhood was a natural ability of women, and take over the father's place in the home. Soviet health care policy bridges pre- and postrevolutionary thought, blurred the boundaries between public and private, and mirrored international natalist policies. However, the application of these policies conformed to Soviet concepts of citizens' duties and state imperatives.

The Defense Policy of the Soviet Union

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

aims, the probable methods of waging armed combat, the tasks to be performed by the Armed Forces, and the measures required for the all-around social ...organ that exercises ultimate decisional authority on all issues of consequence in the Soviet Union. This small body, whose exact size varies slightly...attit) T. Y P E O F E P O R T & M P f tI O C O V E R C O The Defense Policy of the Soviet Union interim 4. PERFORMING ORG. AEPOA1 44juaER 7. Aurimom

Yugoslavia and the Soviet Policy of Force in the Mediterranean Since 1961.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

eafter cited as Rubinstein, Red Star Over the Nile). - 44 - NOTES (Cont’d) 19. William J. Durch et al ., Appendix B: "Other Soviet Interven- tionary...November 20, 1971), p. 20. 34. Ibid. 35. "Joint Yugoslav-Soviet Statement," ibid. 516 (October 5, 1971), p. 13. 36. William J. Durch et al ., "Other...Amendments of the Law on the Coastal Sea of Yugoslavia"), Mornari~ki Glasnik 4, (July-August 1974), pp. 568-572. 7. Ibid., p. 570. 8. William J. Durch et al

How a Meeting in 1970 with Volodya Turned Into a Very Close Friendship

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maor, Uri

The close friendship between Volodya Gribov and myself dates back to the 1970 Rochester High Energy Conference, which took place in Kiev. At that time I was a young Visiting Associate Professor in Berkeley, CA, active, like most of G.F. Chew group members, in both theory and phenomenology studies of S-Matrix Theory of Regge Poles. The Berkeley school approach was initiated by Chew and Frautschi in their 1961 paper, which led to the bootstrap theory. Less known in the West were Gribov's late 1950s and early 1960s papers which led to the definition of the Pomeron, the Reggeon field theory and the Pomeron partonic decomposition. In the early 1970 I was invited to give a talk at the Kiev Rochester Conference. I was very naive thinking that being invited would get me a visa to the Soviet Union, even though it had broken its diplomatic relations with Israel. A short visit to the Soviet Consulate in San Francisco ended with a rude and very clear statement that I did not have a chance to get the desired visa. Luckily, quite a few senior colleagues, who were also invited, convinced the Soviet authorities to grant a small number of Israelis, myself included, the desired visa, provided that we apply in Europe. I had to fly from San Francisco to Helsinki to get my visa and proceed via Leningrad and Moscow on my way to Kiev. Arriving in Kiev I was confronted by a very friendly person, introducing himself as Volodya Gribov. I knew that he was one of the Soviet stars of particle physics, but not much more. Volodya suggested that we should spend our free time in Kiev parks, where we could talk freely. Volodya's suggestion was too exotic to be declined, and we ended spending lots of hours, night after night, in Kiev parks, changing our route each night. Most of the time we were alone, joined by Lev Okun a couple of times. Our conversations centred, at the beginning, on Israeli politics, the Palestinian conflict with Israel and other obvious subjects. The issue of massive immigration from the Soviet Union to Israel following the collapse of the Soviet Union seemed too exotic to even be discussed. Volodya kept asking me about the quality of physics teaching and research back home, but, obviously, this subject was secondary on his priority list. What surprised me was how quickly we started to discuss also very personal issues. In general, I refrain from personal discussions on very private matters. But there was something touching in Volodya's wish to talk. A week later, when the Kiev Conference ended, both of us realised that we have become very close friends. I met Volodya again a year after his son Lenya died in a mountaineering accident, shortly after completing his Ph.D. It was a very sad meeting and in my opinion Volodya partially recovered thanks to Júlia. Years later, I still miss him...