Sample records for spectral deferred correction

  1. Achieving algorithmic resilience for temporal integration through spectral deferred corrections

    DOE PAGES

    Grout, Ray; Kolla, Hemanth; Minion, Michael; ...

    2017-05-08

    Spectral deferred corrections (SDC) is an iterative approach for constructing higher-order-accurate numerical approximations of ordinary differential equations. SDC starts with an initial approximation of the solution defined at a set of Gaussian or spectral collocation nodes over a time interval and uses an iterative application of lower-order time discretizations applied to a correction equation to improve the solution at these nodes. Each deferred correction sweep increases the formal order of accuracy of the method up to the limit inherent in the accuracy defined by the collocation points. In this paper, we demonstrate that SDC is well suited to recovering frommore » soft (transient) hardware faults in the data. A strategy where extra correction iterations are used to recover from soft errors and provide algorithmic resilience is proposed. Specifically, in this approach the iteration is continued until the residual (a measure of the error in the approximation) is small relative to the residual of the first correction iteration and changes slowly between successive iterations. Here, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy for both canonical test problems and a comprehensive situation involving a mature scientific application code that solves the reacting Navier-Stokes equations for combustion research.« less

  2. Achieving algorithmic resilience for temporal integration through spectral deferred corrections

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grout, Ray; Kolla, Hemanth; Minion, Michael

    2017-05-08

    Spectral deferred corrections (SDC) is an iterative approach for constructing higher- order accurate numerical approximations of ordinary differential equations. SDC starts with an initial approximation of the solution defined at a set of Gaussian or spectral collocation nodes over a time interval and uses an iterative application of lower-order time discretizations applied to a correction equation to improve the solution at these nodes. Each deferred correction sweep increases the formal order of accuracy of the method up to the limit inherent in the accuracy defined by the collocation points. In this paper, we demonstrate that SDC is well suited tomore » recovering from soft (transient) hardware faults in the data. A strategy where extra correction iterations are used to recover from soft errors and provide algorithmic resilience is proposed. Specifically, in this approach the iteration is continued until the residual (a measure of the error in the approximation) is small relative to the residual on the first correction iteration and changes slowly between successive iterations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy for both canonical test problems and a comprehen- sive situation involving a mature scientific application code that solves the reacting Navier-Stokes equations for combustion research.« less

  3. Achieving algorithmic resilience for temporal integration through spectral deferred corrections

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grout, Ray; Kolla, Hemanth; Minion, Michael

    2017-05-08

    Spectral deferred corrections (SDC) is an iterative approach for constructing higher-order-accurate numerical approximations of ordinary differential equations. SDC starts with an initial approximation of the solution defined at a set of Gaussian or spectral collocation nodes over a time interval and uses an iterative application of lower-order time discretizations applied to a correction equation to improve the solution at these nodes. Each deferred correction sweep increases the formal order of accuracy of the method up to the limit inherent in the accuracy defined by the collocation points. In this paper, we demonstrate that SDC is well suited to recovering frommore » soft (transient) hardware faults in the data. A strategy where extra correction iterations are used to recover from soft errors and provide algorithmic resilience is proposed. Specifically, in this approach the iteration is continued until the residual (a measure of the error in the approximation) is small relative to the residual of the first correction iteration and changes slowly between successive iterations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this strategy for both canonical test problems and a comprehensive situation involving a mature scientific application code that solves the reacting Navier-Stokes equations for combustion research.« less

  4. A Gas Dynamics Method Based on The Spectral Deferred Corrections (SDC) Time Integration Technique and The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Samet Y. Kadioglu

    2011-12-01

    We present a computational gas dynamics method based on the Spectral Deferred Corrections (SDC) time integration technique and the Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) finite volume method. The PPM framework is used to define edge averaged quantities which are then used to evaluate numerical flux functions. The SDC technique is used to integrate solution in time. This kind of approach was first taken by Anita et al in [17]. However, [17] is problematic when it is implemented to certain shock problems. Here we propose significant improvements to [17]. The method is fourth order (both in space and time) for smooth flows,more » and provides highly resolved discontinuous solutions. We tested the method by solving variety of problems. Results indicate that the fourth order of accuracy in both space and time has been achieved when the flow is smooth. Results also demonstrate the shock capturing ability of the method.« less

  5. Krylov Deferred Correction Accelerated Method of Lines Transpose for Parabolic Problems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jia, Jun; Jingfang, Huang

    2008-01-01

    In this paper, a new class of numerical methods for the accurate and efficient solutions of parabolic partial differential equations is presented. Unlike traditional method of lines (MoL), the new {\\bf \\it Krylov deferred correction (KDC) accelerated method of lines transpose (MoL^T)} first discretizes the temporal direction using Gaussian type nodes and spectral integration, and symbolically applies low-order time marching schemes to form a preconditioned elliptic system, which is then solved iteratively using Newton-Krylov techniques such as Newton-GMRES or Newton-BiCGStab method. Each function evaluation in the Newton-Krylov method is simply one low-order time-stepping approximation of the error by solving amore » decoupled system using available fast elliptic equation solvers. Preliminary numerical experiments show that the KDC accelerated MoL^T technique is unconditionally stable, can be spectrally accurate in both temporal and spatial directions, and allows optimal time-step sizes in long-time simulations.« less

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Grout, Ray W. S.

    Convergence of spectral deferred correction (SDC), where low-order time integration methods are used to construct higher-order methods through iterative refinement, can be accelerated in terms of computational effort by using mixed-precision methods. Using ideas from multi-level SDC (in turn based on FAS multigrid ideas), some of the SDC correction sweeps can use function values computed in reduced precision without adversely impacting the accuracy of the final solution. This is particularly beneficial for the performance of combustion solvers such as S3D [6] which require double precision accuracy but are performance limited by the cost of data motion.

  7. 75 FR 57163 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Parts 1 and 602 [Docket No. TD-9497] RIN 1545-BI97 Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue Discount Deductions Correction In rule document 2010-20060 beginning on page 49394...

  8. Stable and Spectrally Accurate Schemes for the Navier-Stokes Equations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jia, Jun; Liu, Jie

    2011-01-01

    In this paper, we present an accurate, efficient and stable numerical method for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations (NSEs). The method is based on (1) an equivalent pressure Poisson equation formulation of the NSE with proper pressure boundary conditions, which facilitates the design of high-order and stable numerical methods, and (2) the Krylov deferred correction (KDC) accelerated method of lines transpose (mbox MoL{sup T}), which is very stable, efficient, and of arbitrary order in time. Numerical tests with known exact solutions in three dimensions show that the new method is spectrally accurate in time, and a numerical order of convergence 9more » was observed. Two-dimensional computational results of flow past a cylinder and flow in a bifurcated tube are also reported.« less

  9. Dundee Biennial Conference on Numerical Analysis held at Dundee Univ (United Kingdom) on 23-26 June 1977

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-06-26

    a related class of implicit Runge-Kutta-Nystrom methods. The talk will conclude with a look at some ongoing work...formulae with deferred corrections. In order to perform the deferred correction stage efficiently, a special class of formulae, known as Mono-Implicit... of this type ( termed "CBS methods") have been developed which permit a wide variety of convergent interpolations, many of which are unstable in

  10. Spectral Deferred Corrections for Parabolic Partial Differential Equations

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-08

    n− 1. (5.1) The inverse DFT is given by the formula fj = n−1∑ k=0 f̂` e 2πi`j/n, j = 0, . . . , n− 1 (5.2) (see, e.g., [23, 33]). The n complex...n−1 2∑ `=−n−1 2 f̂` e 2πi`j/n, j = 0, . . . , n− 1. (5.4) While the forms (5.1) and (5.2) are the standard representation for the DFT, the forms...samples on [0, 1], then (5.4) can be restated as f(xj) = n−1 2∑ `=−n−1 2 f̂` e 2πi`tj , j = 0, . . . , n− 1. (5.5) The corresponding trigonometric

  11. Toward transient finite element simulation of thermal deformation of machine tools in real-time

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Naumann, Andreas; Ruprecht, Daniel; Wensch, Joerg

    2018-01-01

    Finite element models without simplifying assumptions can accurately describe the spatial and temporal distribution of heat in machine tools as well as the resulting deformation. In principle, this allows to correct for displacements of the Tool Centre Point and enables high precision manufacturing. However, the computational cost of FE models and restriction to generic algorithms in commercial tools like ANSYS prevents their operational use since simulations have to run faster than real-time. For the case where heat diffusion is slow compared to machine movement, we introduce a tailored implicit-explicit multi-rate time stepping method of higher order based on spectral deferred corrections. Using the open-source FEM library DUNE, we show that fully coupled simulations of the temperature field are possible in real-time for a machine consisting of a stock sliding up and down on rails attached to a stand.

  12. Response to Request for Correction #10008

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA defers consideration of request for correction due to Peabody Energy Company's role as one of the petitioners challenging the Endangerment Findings in the US Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit.

  13. A conservative, thermodynamically consistent numerical approach for low Mach number combustion. Part I: Single-level integration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nonaka, Andrew; Day, Marcus S.; Bell, John B.

    2018-01-01

    We present a numerical approach for low Mach number combustion that conserves both mass and energy while remaining on the equation of state to a desired tolerance. We present both unconfined and confined cases, where in the latter the ambient pressure changes over time. Our overall scheme is a projection method for the velocity coupled to a multi-implicit spectral deferred corrections (SDC) approach to integrate the mass and energy equations. The iterative nature of SDC methods allows us to incorporate a series of pressure discrepancy corrections naturally that lead to additional mass and energy influx/outflux in each finite volume cell in order to satisfy the equation of state. The method is second order, and satisfies the equation of state to a desired tolerance with increasing iterations. Motivated by experimental results, we test our algorithm on hydrogen flames with detailed kinetics. We examine the morphology of thermodiffusively unstable cylindrical premixed flames in high-pressure environments for confined and unconfined cases. We also demonstrate that our algorithm maintains the equation of state for premixed methane flames and non-premixed dimethyl ether jet flames.

  14. 76 FR 30052 - Controlled Groups; Deferral of Losses; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [REG-118761-09] RIN 1545-BI92 Controlled Groups; Deferral of Losses; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... deferred losses on the sale or exchange of property between members of a controlled group. FOR FURTHER...

  15. Identification of a Population of X-Ray-Emitting Massive Stars in the Galactic Plane

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-02-01

    The Advanced Satellite for Cosmology and Astrophysics (ASCA) surveyed the inner region of the Galactic plane, detecting 163 X-ray sources with...exhibit this profile. Given the current data this is all very speculative. We defer any definitive conclusions about the weak spectral features or

  16. In-Toeing and Out-Toeing in Children

    PubMed Central

    Wiley, James J.

    1987-01-01

    In-toeing and out-toeing problems are generally physiologic variants that arise from in utero posturing, and that gradually correct spontaneously during the active growing years of the child. Few torsional deformities result in genuine problems. Most residual effects are cosmetic, compounded by the anguish of concerned relatives and friends. Rarely is operative correction warranted. If corrective surgery comes under consideration, it is usually deferred until the patient reaches the age of 10. PMID:21263851

  17. 77 FR 47623 - Entergy Gulf States Louisiana, LLC; Notice of Filing

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-09

    ... correct a proposed accounting error related to its past practice of deferring certain income tax items... submission of protests and interventions in lieu of paper using the ``eFiling'' link at http://www.ferc.gov...

  18. Revealing physical education students’ misconception in sport biomechanics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kartiko, D. C.

    2018-04-01

    The aim of this research is reveal Physical Education students’ misconception in several concepts of Sport Biomechanics. The Data of misconception collected by standard question of Diagnostic Test that given to 30 students of Physical Education, Faculty of Sport, State University of Surabaya in academic year 2017/2018. Diagnostic Test completed with CRI (Certainty of Response Index) in order to collect data of students’ certain in answered test. The data result of diagnostic test analysed through compilation graph of CRI right, CRI wrong and right fraction in every single question. Furthermore, students’ answer result of diagnostic test categorized in to 4 quadrants, these: correct concepts, lucky guess, misconceptions, and lack of knowledge. Its categorizing data to know percentage of misconceptions that arise in every concept tested. These sport biomechanics concepts tested are limited on frictional force, deference of distance and displacement, deference of velocity and acceleration, and free fall motion. The result obtained arise misconception in frictional force 52,78%; deference of distance and displacement 36,67%; deference of velocity and acceleration 56,67%; and free fall motion 53,33%. Result of t-test in diagnostic test misconception percentage showed that percentage of misconception arises in every student above 50%.

  19. Phaeochromocytoma [corrected] crisis.

    PubMed

    Whitelaw, B C; Prague, J K; Mustafa, O G; Schulte, K-M; Hopkins, P A; Gilbert, J A; McGregor, A M; Aylwin, S J B

    2014-01-01

    Phaeochromocytoma [corrected] crisis is an endocrine emergency associated with significant mortality. There is little published guidance on the management of phaeochromocytoma [corrected] crisis. This clinical practice update summarizes the relevant published literature, including a detailed review of cases published in the past 5 years, and a proposed classification system. We review the recommended management of phaeochromocytoma [corrected] crisis including the use of alpha-blockade, which is strongly associated with survival of a crisis. Mechanical circulatory supportive therapy (including intra-aortic balloon pump or extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation) is strongly recommended for patients with sustained hypotension. Surgical intervention should be deferred until medical stabilization is achieved. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  20. 75 FR 5865 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 2010-6

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-04

    ... Notice 2010-6 AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Notice 2010-6, Relief and Guidance on Corrections of Certain Failures of a Nonqualified Deferred...). OMB Number: 1545-2164. Notice Number: Notice 2010-6. Abstract: Notice 2010-6 requires a corporation to...

  1. 14 CFR 125.407 - Maintenance log: Airplanes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Maintenance log: Airplanes. 125.407 Section... OPERATIONS: AIRPLANES HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 20 OR MORE PASSENGERS OR A MAXIMUM PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF 6... Maintenance log: Airplanes. (a) Each person who takes corrective action or defers action concerning a reported...

  2. 14 CFR 125.407 - Maintenance log: Airplanes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Maintenance log: Airplanes. 125.407 Section... OPERATIONS: AIRPLANES HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 20 OR MORE PASSENGERS OR A MAXIMUM PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF 6... Maintenance log: Airplanes. (a) Each person who takes corrective action or defers action concerning a reported...

  3. 14 CFR 125.407 - Maintenance log: Airplanes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Maintenance log: Airplanes. 125.407 Section... OPERATIONS: AIRPLANES HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 20 OR MORE PASSENGERS OR A MAXIMUM PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF 6... Maintenance log: Airplanes. (a) Each person who takes corrective action or defers action concerning a reported...

  4. 14 CFR 125.407 - Maintenance log: Airplanes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Maintenance log: Airplanes. 125.407 Section... OPERATIONS: AIRPLANES HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 20 OR MORE PASSENGERS OR A MAXIMUM PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF 6... Maintenance log: Airplanes. (a) Each person who takes corrective action or defers action concerning a reported...

  5. 14 CFR 125.407 - Maintenance log: Airplanes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Maintenance log: Airplanes. 125.407 Section... OPERATIONS: AIRPLANES HAVING A SEATING CAPACITY OF 20 OR MORE PASSENGERS OR A MAXIMUM PAYLOAD CAPACITY OF 6... Maintenance log: Airplanes. (a) Each person who takes corrective action or defers action concerning a reported...

  6. Cost-effectiveness analysis of ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema.

    PubMed

    Dewan, Vinay; Lambert, Dennis; Edler, Joshua; Kymes, Steven; Apte, Rajendra S

    2012-08-01

    Perform a cost-effectiveness analysis of the treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) with ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser versus triamcinolone plus prompt laser. Data for the analysis were drawn from reports of the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network (DRCRnet) Protocol I. Computer simulation based on Protocol I data. Analyses were conducted from the payor perspective. Simulated participants assigned characteristics reflecting those seen in Protocol I. Markov models were constructed to replicate Protocol I's 104-week outcomes using a microsimulation approach to estimation. Baseline characteristics, visual acuity (VA), treatments, and complications were based on Protocol I data. Costs were identified by literature search. One-way sensitivity analysis was performed, and the results were validated against Protocol I data. Direct cost of care for 2 years, change in VA from baseline, and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) measured as cost per additional letter gained from baseline (Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study). For sham plus laser (S+L), ranibizumab plus prompt laser (R+pL), ranibizumab plus deferred laser (R+dL), and triamcinolone plus laser (T+L), effectiveness through 104 weeks was predicted to be 3.46, 7.07, 8.63, and 2.40 letters correct, respectively. The ICER values in terms of dollars per VA letter were $393 (S+L vs. T+L), $5943 (R+pL vs. S+L), and $20 (R+dL vs. R+pL). For pseudophakics, the ICER value for comparison triamcinolone with laser versus ranibizumab with deferred laser was $14 690 per letter gained. No clinically relevant changes in model variables altered outcomes. Internal validation demonstrated good similarity to Protocol I treatment patterns. In treatment of phakic patients with DME, ranibizumab with deferred laser provided an additional 6 letters correct compared with triamcinolone with laser at an additional cost of $19 216 over 2 years. That would indicate that if the gain in VA seen at 2 years is maintained in subsequent years, then the treatment of phakic patients with DME using ranibizumab may meet accepted standards of cost-effectiveness. For pseudophakic patients, first-line treatment with triamcinolone seems to be the most cost-effective option. Copyright © 2012 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. 78 FR 16046 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 2010-6

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-13

    ... Notice 2010-6 AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice and request for comments... Notice 2010-6, Relief and Guidance on Corrections of Certain Failures of a Nonqualified Deferred... Compensation Plan to Comply with Section 409A(a). OMB Number: 1545-2164. Notice Number: Notice 2010-6 Abstract...

  8. 75 FR 55677 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-14

    ... Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue Discount... deferred discharge of indebtedness (COD) income (deferred COD income) and deferred original issue discount...)-1T Deferred discharge of indebtedness income and deferred original issue discount deductions of C...

  9. Overdetermined shooting methods for computing standing water waves with spectral accuracy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wilkening, Jon; Yu, Jia

    2012-01-01

    A high-performance shooting algorithm is developed to compute time-periodic solutions of the free-surface Euler equations with spectral accuracy in double and quadruple precision. The method is used to study resonance and its effect on standing water waves. We identify new nucleation mechanisms in which isolated large-amplitude solutions, and closed loops of such solutions, suddenly exist for depths below a critical threshold. We also study degenerate and secondary bifurcations related to Wilton's ripples in the traveling case, and explore the breakdown of self-similarity at the crests of extreme standing waves. In shallow water, we find that standing waves take the form of counter-propagating solitary waves that repeatedly collide quasi-elastically. In deep water with surface tension, we find that standing waves resemble counter-propagating depression waves. We also discuss the existence and non-uniqueness of solutions, and smooth versus erratic dependence of Fourier modes on wave amplitude and fluid depth. In the numerical method, robustness is achieved by posing the problem as an overdetermined nonlinear system and using either adjoint-based minimization techniques or a quadratically convergent trust-region method to minimize the objective function. Efficiency is achieved in the trust-region approach by parallelizing the Jacobian computation, so the setup cost of computing the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator in the variational equation is not repeated for each column. Updates of the Jacobian are also delayed until the previous Jacobian ceases to be useful. Accuracy is maintained using spectral collocation with optional mesh refinement in space, a high-order Runge-Kutta or spectral deferred correction method in time and quadruple precision for improved navigation of delicate regions of parameter space as well as validation of double-precision results. Implementation issues for transferring much of the computation to a graphic processing units are briefly discussed, and the performance of the algorithm is tested for a number of hardware configurations.

  10. 78 FR 48607 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-09

    ... Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue... (deferred COD income) and the accelerated deduction of deferred original issue discount (OID) (deferred OID... 20, the language ``and the deduction of deferred original issue discount that is otherwise'' is...

  11. How to Collect National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Traceable Fluorescence Excitation and Emission Spectra.

    PubMed

    Gilmore, Adam Matthew

    2014-01-01

    Contemporary spectrofluorimeters comprise exciting light sources, excitation and emission monochromators, and detectors that without correction yield data not conforming to an ideal spectral response. The correction of the spectral properties of the exciting and emission light paths first requires calibration of the wavelength and spectral accuracy. The exciting beam path can be corrected up to the sample position using a spectrally corrected reference detection system. The corrected reference response accounts for both the spectral intensity and drift of the exciting light source relative to emission and/or transmission detector responses. The emission detection path must also be corrected for the combined spectral bias of the sample compartment optics, emission monochromator, and detector. There are several crucial issues associated with both excitation and emission correction including the requirement to account for spectral band-pass and resolution, optical band-pass or neutral density filters, and the position and direction of polarizing elements in the light paths. In addition, secondary correction factors are described including (1) subtraction of the solvent's fluorescence background, (2) removal of Rayleigh and Raman scattering lines, as well as (3) correcting for sample concentration-dependent inner-filter effects. The importance of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) traceable calibration and correction protocols is explained in light of valid intra- and interlaboratory studies and effective spectral qualitative and quantitative analyses including multivariate spectral modeling.

  12. 78 FR 39984 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-03

    ... Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue... cancellation of debt (COD)) income (deferred COD income) and the accelerated deduction of deferred original... the deduction of deferred original issue discount that is otherwise includible or deductible under the...

  13. 75 FR 55698 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [REG-142800-09] RIN 1545-BI96 Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue... (deferred COD income) and deferred original issue discount (OID) deductions (deferred OID deductions) under...

  14. Ion transport and loss in the Earth's quiet ring current. 2: Diffusion and magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sheldon, R. B.

    1994-01-01

    We have studied the transport and loss of H(+), He(+), and He(++) ions in the Earth's quiet time ring current (1 to 300 keV/e, 3 to 7 R(sub E), Kp less than 2+, absolute value of Dst less than 11, 70 to 110 degs pitchangles, all LT) comparing the standard radial diffusion model developed for the higher-energy radiation belt particles with measurements of the lower energy ring current ions in a previous paper. Large deviations of that model, which fit only 50% of the data to within a factor of 10, suggested that another transport mechanism is operating in the ring current. Here we derive a modified diffusion coefficient corrected for electric field effects on ring current energy ions that fit nearly 80% of the data to within a factor of 2. Thus we infer that electric field fluctuations from the low-latitude to midlatitude ionosphere (ionospheric dynamo) dominated the ring current transport, rather than high-latitude or solar wind fluctuations. Much of the remaining deviation may arise from convective electric field transport of the E less than 30 keV particles. Since convection effects cannot be correctly treated with this azimuthally symmetric model, we defer treatment of the lowest-energy ions to a another paper. We give chi(exp 2) contours for the best fit, showing the dependence of the fit upon the internal/external spectral power of the predicted electric and magnetic field fluctuations.

  15. 78 FR 48606 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-09

    ... Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred Original Issue Discount... deduction of deferred original issue discount (OID) (deferred OID deductions) under section 108(i)(5)(D... original issue discount deductions of C corporations. * * * * * (b) * * * (2) * * * (iii) * * * (D...

  16. 77 FR 31037 - Outer Continental Shelf, Central and Western Gulf of Mexico Planning Areas, Oil and Gas Lease...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-24

    ... Western Gulf of Mexico Planning Areas, Oil and Gas Lease Sales for Years 2012-2017 (Sales 229, 227, 233... Register (76 FR 70748) correcting the sale numbers that were identified in the Call. This document... them with: 1. Whole blocks and portions of blocks deferred by the Gulf of Mexico Energy Security Act of...

  17. 78 FR 14421 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-05

    ... Compensation Deferred Under Eligible Deferred Compensation Plans. DATES: Written comments should be received on....gov ). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Compensation Deferred Under Eligible Deferred Compensation... section 457 regarding eligible deferred compensation plans offered by state and local governments. TD 9075...

  18. Spectral assessment of new ASTER SWIR surface reflectance data products for spectroscopic mapping of rocks and minerals

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Mars, J.C.; Rowan, L.C.

    2010-01-01

    ASTER reflectance spectra from Cuprite, Nevada, and Mountain Pass, California, were compared to spectra of field samples and to ASTER-resampled AVIRIS reflectance data to determine spectral accuracy and spectroscopic mapping potential of two new ASTER SWIR reflectance datasets: RefL1b and AST_07XT. RefL1b is a new reflectance dataset produced for this study using ASTER Level 1B data, crosstalk correction, radiance correction factors, and concurrently acquired level 2 MODIS water vapor data. The AST_07XT data product, available from EDC and ERSDAC, incorporates crosstalk correction and non-concurrently acquired MODIS water vapor data for atmospheric correction. Spectral accuracy was determined using difference values which were compiled from ASTER band 5/6 and 9/8 ratios of AST_07XT or RefL1b data subtracted from similar ratios calculated for field sample and AVIRIS reflectance data. In addition, Spectral Analyst, a statistical program that utilizes a Spectral Feature Fitting algorithm, was used to quantitatively assess spectral accuracy of AST_07XT and RefL1b data.Spectral Analyst matched more minerals correctly and had higher scores for the RefL1b data than for AST_07XT data. The radiance correction factors used in the RefL1b data corrected a low band 5 reflectance anomaly observed in the AST_07XT and AST_07 data but also produced anomalously high band 5 reflectance in RefL1b spectra with strong band 5 absorption for minerals, such as alunite. Thus, the band 5 anomaly seen in the RefL1b data cannot be corrected using additional gain adjustments. In addition, the use of concurrent MODIS water vapor data in the atmospheric correction of the RefL1b data produced datasets that had lower band 9 reflectance anomalies than the AST_07XT data. Although assessment of spectral data suggests that RefL1b data are more consistent and spectrally more correct than AST_07XT data, the Spectral Analyst results indicate that spectral discrimination between some minerals, such as alunite and kaolinite, are still not possible unless additional spectral calibration using site specific spectral data are performed. ?? 2010.

  19. 75 FR 9027 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-26

    ... concerning REG-105885-99 (T.D. 9075) Compensation Deferred Under Eligible deferred Compensation Plans (Sec. 1... Deferred Under Eligible Deferred Compensation Plans. OMB Number: 1545-1580. Regulation Project Number: REG... made changes to rules under Internal Revenue Code section 457 regarding eligible deferred compensation...

  20. Deferred Gifts: How to Get Them. Fourth Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    King, George V.

    A nontechnical guide on practical promotional and managerial aspects of deferred giving is presented to aid nonprofit organization executives. Contents include the following topics: types of deferred gifts; organizing the deferred giving program; staffing the program; recognizing the deferred gift prospect (age, past interest in your program,…

  1. 26 CFR 1.401(k)-1 - Certain cash or deferred arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... deferred arrangements. A plan, other than a profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money purchase pension... cash or deferred arrangement. A profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money purchase pension, or rural.... (v) Certain one-time elections not treated as cash or deferred elections. A cash or deferred election...

  2. 78 FR 22252 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request; FFEL/Direct Loan/Perkins Military...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-15

    ...; Comment Request; FFEL/ Direct Loan/Perkins Military Service Deferment/Post-Active Duty Student Deferment... Deferment/Post-Active Duty Student Deferment Request & SCRA Request. OMB Control Number: 1845-0080. Type of...: 9,177. Abstract: The Military Service/Post-Active Duty Student Deferment request form serves as the...

  3. 48 CFR 227.7203-8 - Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation. 227.7203-8 Section 227.7203-8... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Rights in Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation 227.7203-8 Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer...

  4. 48 CFR 227.7203-8 - Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation. 227.7203-8 Section 227.7203-8... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Rights in Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation 227.7203-8 Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer...

  5. 48 CFR 227.7203-8 - Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation. 227.7203-8 Section 227.7203-8... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Rights in Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation 227.7203-8 Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer...

  6. 48 CFR 227.7203-8 - Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation. 227.7203-8 Section 227.7203-8... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Rights in Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation 227.7203-8 Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer...

  7. 48 CFR 227.7203-8 - Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... deferred ordering of computer software and computer software documentation. 227.7203-8 Section 227.7203-8... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Rights in Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation 227.7203-8 Deferred delivery and deferred ordering of computer software and computer...

  8. 43 CFR 3836.27 - When must I complete my deferred assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... annual maintenance fees for the years deferred instead of performing the deferred assessment work. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false When must I complete my deferred... ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.27 When must I complete my...

  9. 43 CFR 3836.27 - When must I complete my deferred assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... annual maintenance fees for the years deferred instead of performing the deferred assessment work. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false When must I complete my deferred... ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.27 When must I complete my...

  10. 43 CFR 3836.27 - When must I complete my deferred assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... annual maintenance fees for the years deferred instead of performing the deferred assessment work. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false When must I complete my deferred... ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.27 When must I complete my...

  11. 43 CFR 3836.27 - When must I complete my deferred assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... annual maintenance fees for the years deferred instead of performing the deferred assessment work. ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false When must I complete my deferred... ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.27 When must I complete my...

  12. Built-Up Area Feature Extraction: Second Year Technical Progress Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-02-01

    Contract DACA 72-87-C-001. During this year we have built on previous research, in road network extraction and in the detection and delineation of buildings...methods to perform stereo analysis using loosely coupled techniques where comparison is deferred until each method has performed a complete estimate...or missing information. A course of action may be suggested to the user depending on the error. Although the checks do not guarantee the correctness

  13. 47 CFR 32.24 - Compensated absences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... corresponding entry to Account 1438, Deferred maintenance, retirements and other deferred charges. This deferred... maintained so as to show that no more than ten percent of the deferred charge is being amortized each year...

  14. 47 CFR 32.24 - Compensated absences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... corresponding entry to Account 1438, Deferred maintenance, retirements and other deferred charges. This deferred... maintained so as to show that no more than ten percent of the deferred charge is being amortized each year...

  15. 26 CFR 31.3306(r)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Section 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL..., Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans. (a) In general. Section 3306(r)(2) provides a special timing rule for the tax...

  16. 26 CFR 31.3306(r)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Section 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL..., Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans. (a) In general. Section 3306(r)(2) provides a special timing rule for the tax...

  17. 26 CFR 31.3306(r)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Section 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL..., Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans. (a) In general. Section 3306(r)(2) provides a special timing rule for the tax...

  18. 26 CFR 31.3306(r)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Section 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL..., Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans. (a) In general. Section 3306(r)(2) provides a special timing rule for the tax...

  19. 26 CFR 31.3306(r)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Section 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL..., Internal Revenue Code of 1954) § 31.3306(r)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans. (a) In general. Section 3306(r)(2) provides a special timing rule for the tax...

  20. Breast tissue decomposition with spectral distortion correction: A postmortem study

    PubMed Central

    Ding, Huanjun; Zhao, Bo; Baturin, Pavlo; Behroozi, Farnaz; Molloi, Sabee

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of an accurate measurement of water, lipid, and protein composition of breast tissue using a photon-counting spectral computed tomography (CT) with spectral distortion corrections. Methods: Thirty-eight postmortem breasts were imaged with a cadmium-zinc-telluride-based photon-counting spectral CT system at 100 kV. The energy-resolving capability of the photon-counting detector was used to separate photons into low and high energy bins with a splitting energy of 42 keV. The estimated mean glandular dose for each breast ranged from 1.8 to 2.2 mGy. Two spectral distortion correction techniques were implemented, respectively, on the raw images to correct the nonlinear detector response due to pulse pileup and charge-sharing artifacts. Dual energy decomposition was then used to characterize each breast in terms of water, lipid, and protein content. In the meantime, the breasts were chemically decomposed into their respective water, lipid, and protein components to provide a gold standard for comparison with dual energy decomposition results. Results: The accuracy of the tissue compositional measurement with spectral CT was determined by comparing to the reference standard from chemical analysis. The averaged root-mean-square error in percentage composition was reduced from 15.5% to 2.8% after spectral distortion corrections. Conclusions: The results indicate that spectral CT can be used to quantify the water, lipid, and protein content in breast tissue. The accuracy of the compositional analysis depends on the applied spectral distortion correction technique. PMID:25281953

  1. Single-Trial Normalization for Event-Related Spectral Decomposition Reduces Sensitivity to Noisy Trials

    PubMed Central

    Grandchamp, Romain; Delorme, Arnaud

    2011-01-01

    In electroencephalography, the classical event-related potential model often proves to be a limited method to study complex brain dynamics. For this reason, spectral techniques adapted from signal processing such as event-related spectral perturbation (ERSP) – and its variant event-related synchronization and event-related desynchronization – have been used over the past 20 years. They represent average spectral changes in response to a stimulus. These spectral methods do not have strong consensus for comparing pre- and post-stimulus activity. When computing ERSP, pre-stimulus baseline removal is usually performed after averaging the spectral estimate of multiple trials. Correcting the baseline of each single-trial prior to averaging spectral estimates is an alternative baseline correction method. However, we show that this method leads to positively skewed post-stimulus ERSP values. We eventually present new single-trial-based ERSP baseline correction methods that perform trial normalization or centering prior to applying classical baseline correction methods. We show that single-trial correction methods minimize the contribution of artifactual data trials with high-amplitude spectral estimates and are robust to outliers when performing statistical inference testing. We then characterize these methods in terms of their time–frequency responses and behavior compared to classical ERSP methods. PMID:21994498

  2. 47 CFR 54.301 - Local switching support.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Deferred Maintenance and Retirements Included in Account 1438 Deferred Charges Included in Account 1438... 4300); and Deferred Maintenance and Retirements (Included in Account 1438) shall be allocated according... Amortization Included in Accounts 2005, 2680, 2690, 3410 Net Deferred Operating Income Taxes Accounts 4100...

  3. Deferred Gift Reporting.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Munger, Peter L.; Ridenour, James F.

    1983-01-01

    Information on three categories of deferred gifts, deferred gift valuation, and reporting on deferred gifts are presented, based on the NACUBO publication entitled "Management Reporting Standards for Educational Institutions: Fund Raising and Related Activities." In addition, a summary is presented of the results of a 1982 informal…

  4. 43 CFR 3836.20 - Deferring assessment work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Deferring assessment work. 3836.20 Section... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.20 Deferring assessment work. (a) Under some circumstances...

  5. 76 FR 33026 - Agency Information Collection Activity; Proposed Collection

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-07

    ... deferred under or paid from a nonqualified deferred compensation plan are taken into account as wages for...)(2), relating to treatment of certain nonqualified deferred compensation, was added to the Code by... maintain nonqualified deferred compensation plans and to participants in those plans. Current Actions...

  6. 18 CFR 367.2550 - Account 255, Accumulated deferred investment tax credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., Accumulated deferred investment tax credits. 367.2550 Section 367.2550 Conservation of Power and Water... 255, Accumulated deferred investment tax credits. This account must be credited with all investment tax credits deferred by companies that have elected to follow deferral accounting, partial or full...

  7. Sandmeier model based topographic correction to lunar spectral profiler (SP) data from KAGUYA satellite.

    PubMed

    Chen, Sheng-Bo; Wang, Jing-Ran; Guo, Peng-Ju; Wang, Ming-Chang

    2014-09-01

    The Moon may be considered as the frontier base for the deep space exploration. The spectral analysis is one of the key techniques to determine the lunar surface rock and mineral compositions. But the lunar topographic relief is more remarkable than that of the Earth. It is necessary to conduct the topographic correction for lunar spectral data before they are used to retrieve the compositions. In the present paper, a lunar Sandmeier model was proposed by considering the radiance effect from the macro and ambient topographic relief. And the reflectance correction model was also reduced based on the Sandmeier model. The Spectral Profile (SP) data from KAGUYA satellite in the Sinus Iridum quadrangle was taken as an example. And the digital elevation data from Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter are used to calculate the slope, aspect, incidence and emergence angles, and terrain-viewing factor for the topographic correction Thus, the lunar surface reflectance from the SP data was corrected by the proposed model after the direct component of irradiance on a horizontal surface was derived. As a result, the high spectral reflectance facing the sun is decreased and low spectral reflectance back to the sun is compensated. The statistical histogram of reflectance-corrected pixel numbers presents Gaussian distribution Therefore, the model is robust to correct lunar topographic effect and estimate lunar surface reflectance.

  8. Deferred Imitation and Social Communication in Speaking and Nonspeaking Children with Autism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strid, Karin; Heimann, Mikael; Gillberg, Christopher; Smith, Lars; Tjus, Tomas

    2013-01-01

    Deferred imitation and early social communication skills were compared among speaking and nonspeaking children with autism and children developing typically. Overall, the children with autism showed a lower frequency on measures of deferred imitation and social communication compared with typically developing children. Deferred imitation was…

  9. 77 FR 49451 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-16

    ...-NEW] Agency Information Collection Activities: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals... Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals, 1615-NEW'' in the subject box. Regardless of the method used for... collection. (2) Title of the Form/Collection: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. (3...

  10. 34 CFR 674.38 - Deferment procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.38 Deferment procedures. (a)(1... deferment on another Perkins Loan, a FFEL Loan, or a Direct Loan for the same reason and the same time period. The institution may grant the deferment based on information from the other Perkins Loan holder...

  11. 34 CFR 674.38 - Deferment procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.38 Deferment procedures. (a)(1... deferment on another Perkins Loan, a FFEL Loan, or a Direct Loan for the same reason and the same time period. The institution may grant the deferment based on information from the other Perkins Loan holder...

  12. 7 CFR 1703.304 - Restrictions on the deferment of loan payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions on the deferment of loan payments. 1703.304 Section 1703.304 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL... Development Projects § 1703.304 Restrictions on the deferment of loan payments. (a) The deferment must not...

  13. An algorithm for retrieving rock-desertification from multispectral remote sensing images

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xia, Xueqi; Tian, Qingjiu; Liao, Yan

    2009-06-01

    Rock-desertification is a typical environmental and ecological problem in Southwest China. As remote sensing is an important means of monitoring spatial variation of rock-desertification, a method is developed for measurement and information retrieval of rock-desertification from multi-spectral high-resolution remote sensing images. MNF transform is applied to 4-band IKONOS multi-spectral remotely sensed data to reduce the number of spectral dimensions to three. In the 3-demension endmembers are extracted and analyzed. It is found that various vegetations group into a line defined as "vegetation line", in which "dark vegetations", such as coniferous forest and broadleaf forest, continuously change to "bright vegetations", such as grasses. It is presumed that is caused by deferent proportion of shadow mixed in leaves or branches in various types of vegetation. Normalized distance between the endmember of rocks and the vegetation line is defined as Geometric Rock-desertification Index (GRI), which was used to scale rock-desertification. The case study with ground truth validation in Puding, Guizhou province showed successes and the advantages of this method.

  14. The Transmutation of Deference in Medicine: An Ethico-Legal Perspective.

    PubMed

    Devaney, Sarah; Holm, Søren

    2018-05-01

    This article critically considers the question of whether an increase in legal recognition of patient autonomy culminating in the decision of the Supreme Court in Montgomery v Lanarkshire Health Board in 2015 has led to the death of deference to doctors, not only within the courts and healthcare regulatory arenas in England and Wales but also in the consulting room and the health care system more broadly. We argue that deference has not been eradicated, but that the types of deference paid to doctors and to the medical profession have changed. In addition, whilst traditionally deference was extended towards the medical profession, increasing instances of deference being shown to other parties in the healthcare setting can be identified, allowing wider debate or recognition of the complexity of understandings, interests and aims of all those involved. Finally, we note instances in which deference to the medical profession has become more hidden.

  15. 26 CFR 31.3121(v)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... timing rule for wages. Remuneration for employment that constitutes wages within the meaning of section...) taxes imposed under sections 3101 and 3111 at the time the remuneration is actually or constructively... deferred compensation plan—(i) In general. To the extent that remuneration deferred under a nonqualified...

  16. 78 FR 42057 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission to the Office of Management and Budget for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-15

    .../Perkins Military Service Deferment/Post- Active Duty Student Deferment Request AGENCY: Federal Student Aid.../Perkins Military Service Deferment/Post-Active Duty Student Deferment Request. OMB Control Number: 1845... Estimated Number of Annual Burden Hours: 8,000. Abstract: The Military Service/Post-Active Duty Student...

  17. 26 CFR 1.597-2 - Taxation of Federal financial assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... this section. (4) Deferred FFA—(i) Maintenance of account. An Institution must establish a deferred FFA... currently under certain circumstances and provides rules for the deferred inclusion in income of amounts in... not currently included in income under paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section to its deferred FFA...

  18. 26 CFR 1.597-2 - Taxation of Federal financial assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... this section. (4) Deferred FFA—(i) Maintenance of account. An Institution must establish a deferred FFA... currently under certain circumstances and provides rules for the deferred inclusion in income of amounts in... not currently included in income under paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section to its deferred FFA...

  19. 26 CFR 1.597-2 - Taxation of Federal financial assistance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... this section. (4) Deferred FFA—(i) Maintenance of account. An Institution must establish a deferred FFA... currently under certain circumstances and provides rules for the deferred inclusion in income of amounts in... not currently included in income under paragraph (c)(2) or (c)(3) of this section to its deferred FFA...

  20. 18 CFR 367.4112 - Account 411.2, Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, other income and deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, other income and deductions. 367.4112 Section 367.4112... deferred taxes and deferrals of taxes, credit, that relate to other income and deductions. ... Accounts Service Company Operating Income § 367.4112 Account 411.2, Provision for deferred income taxes...

  1. Memory and representation in young children with Down syndrome: Exploring deferred imitation and object permanence.

    PubMed

    Rast, Mechthild; Meltzoff, Andrew N

    1995-01-01

    Deferred imitation and object permanence (OP) were tested in 48 young children with Down syndrome (DS), ranging from 20 to 43 months of age. Deferred imitation and high-level OP (invisible displacements) have long been held to be synchronous developments during sensory-motor "Stage 6" (18-24 months of age in unimpaired children). The results of the current study demonstrate deferred imitation in young children with DS, showing they can learn novel behaviors from observation and retain multiple models in memory. This is the first demonstration of deferred imitation in young children with DS. The average OP level passed in this sample was A-not-B, a task passed at 8-12 months of age in normally developing infants. Analyses showed that individual children who failed high-level OP (invisible displacements) could still perform deferred imitation. This indicates that deferred imitation and OP invisible displacements are not synchronous developments in children with DS. This asynchrony is compatible with new data from unimpaired children suggesting that deferred imitation and high-level OP entail separate and distinctive kinds of memory and representation.

  2. A Dynamical Downscaling Approach with GCM Bias Corrections and Spectral Nudging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Z.; Yang, Z.

    2013-12-01

    To reduce the biases in the regional climate downscaling simulations, a dynamical downscaling approach with GCM bias corrections and spectral nudging is developed and assessed over North America. Regional climate simulations are performed with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model embedded in the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Community Atmosphere Model (CAM). To reduce the GCM biases, the GCM climatological means and the variances of interannual variations are adjusted based on the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-NCAR global reanalysis products (NNRP) before using them to drive WRF which is the same as our previous method. In this study, we further introduce spectral nudging to reduce the RCM-based biases. Two sets of WRF experiments are performed with and without spectral nudging. All WRF experiments are identical except that the initial and lateral boundary conditions are derived from the NNRP, the original GCM output, and the bias corrected GCM output, respectively. The GCM-driven RCM simulations with bias corrections and spectral nudging (IDDng) are compared with those without spectral nudging (IDD) and North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) data to assess the additional reduction in RCM biases relative to the IDD approach. The results show that the spectral nudging introduces the effect of GCM bias correction into the RCM domain, thereby minimizing the climate drift resulting from the RCM biases. The GCM bias corrections and spectral nudging significantly improve the downscaled mean climate and extreme temperature simulations. Our results suggest that both GCM bias corrections or spectral nudging are necessary to reduce the error of downscaled climate. Only one of them does not guarantee better downscaling simulation. The new dynamical downscaling method can be applied to regional projection of future climate or downscaling of GCM sensitivity simulations. Annual mean RMSEs. The RMSEs are computed over the verification region by monthly mean data over 1981-2010. Experimental design

  3. 42 CFR 62.9 - Under what circumstances can the period of obligated service be deferred to complete approved...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... obligated service be deferred to complete approved graduate training? 62.9 Section 62.9 Public Health PUBLIC... approved graduate training? (a) Requested deferment. Upon the request of any participant receiving a degree... complete an approved graduate training program. The period of this deferment may not exceed (1) three years...

  4. 42 CFR 62.9 - Under what circumstances can the period of obligated service be deferred to complete approved...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... obligated service be deferred to complete approved graduate training? 62.9 Section 62.9 Public Health PUBLIC... approved graduate training? (a) Requested deferment. Upon the request of any participant receiving a degree... complete an approved graduate training program. The period of this deferment may not exceed (1) three years...

  5. 42 CFR 62.9 - Under what circumstances can the period of obligated service be deferred to complete approved...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... obligated service be deferred to complete approved graduate training? 62.9 Section 62.9 Public Health PUBLIC... approved graduate training? (a) Requested deferment. Upon the request of any participant receiving a degree... complete an approved graduate training program. The period of this deferment may not exceed (1) three years...

  6. Spectral-Based Volume Sensor Prototype, Post-VS4 Test Series Algorithm Development

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-04-30

    Computer Pcorr Probabilty / Percentage of Correct Classification (# Correct / # Total) PD PhotoDiode Pd Probabilty / Percentage of Detection (# Correct...Detections / Total of Sources) Pfa Probabilty / Percentage of False Alarm (# FAs / Total # of Sources) SBVS Spectral-Based Volume Sensor SFA Smoke and

  7. 26 CFR 31.3121(v)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Section 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL... (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts... under a nonqualified deferred compensation plan within the meaning of section 3121(v)(2) and this...

  8. 26 CFR 31.3121(v)(2) -1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3121(v)(2) -1 Section 31.3121(v)(2) -1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL... (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts... under a nonqualified deferred compensation plan within the meaning of section 3121(v)(2) and this...

  9. 26 CFR 31.3121(v)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... nonqualified deferred compensation plans. 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Section 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL... (Chapter 21, Internal Revenue Code of 1954) General Provisions § 31.3121(v)(2)-1 Treatment of amounts... under a nonqualified deferred compensation plan within the meaning of section 3121(v)(2) and this...

  10. Memory and representation in young children with Down syndrome: Exploring deferred imitation and object permanence

    PubMed Central

    RAST, MECHTHILD; MELTZOFF, ANDREW N.

    2013-01-01

    Deferred imitation and object permanence (OP) were tested in 48 young children with Down syndrome (DS), ranging from 20 to 43 months of age. Deferred imitation and high-level OP (invisible displacements) have long been held to be synchronous developments during sensory-motor “Stage 6” (18–24 months of age in unimpaired children). The results of the current study demonstrate deferred imitation in young children with DS, showing they can learn novel behaviors from observation and retain multiple models in memory. This is the first demonstration of deferred imitation in young children with DS. The average OP level passed in this sample was A-not-B, a task passed at 8–12 months of age in normally developing infants. Analyses showed that individual children who failed high-level OP (invisible displacements) could still perform deferred imitation. This indicates that deferred imitation and OP invisible displacements are not synchronous developments in children with DS. This asynchrony is compatible with new data from unimpaired children suggesting that deferred imitation and high-level OP entail separate and distinctive kinds of memory and representation. PMID:25530676

  11. How to avoid deferred-compensation troubles.

    PubMed

    Freeman, Todd I

    2005-06-01

    Executive compensation packages have long included stock options and deferred compensation plans in order to compete for talent. Last year, Congress passed a law in response to the Enron debacle, in which executives were perceived to be protecting their deferred compensation at the expense of employees, creditors, and investors. The new law is designed to protect companies and their shareholders from being raided by the very executives that guided the company to financial ruin. Physicians who are part owners of medical practices need to know about the changes in the law regarding deferred compensation and how to avoid costly tax penalties. This article discusses how the changes affect medical practices as well as steps physician-owned clinics can take to avoid the risk of penalty, such as freezing deferred compensation and creating a new deferred compensation plan.

  12. 5 CFR 847.907 - How is the monthly annuity rate used to compute the present value of the deferred annuity without...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... compute the present value of the deferred annuity without credit for NAFI service determined? 847.907... the present value of the deferred annuity without credit for NAFI service determined? (a) The monthly annuity rate used to compute the present value of the deferred annuity under § 847.906 of this subpart for...

  13. Multispectral Resource Sampler (MPS): Proof of Concept. Literature survey of atmospheric corrections

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schowengerdt, R. A.; Slater, P. N.

    1981-01-01

    Work done in combining spectral bands to reduce atmospheric effects on spectral signatures is described. The development of atmospheric models and their use with ground and aerial measurements in correcting spectral signatures is reviewed. An overview of studies of atmospheric effects on the accuracy of scene classification is provided.

  14. Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Navy Weapon Systems for FY 2002

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-03-06

    Financial Management March 6, 2003 Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance...N/A Dates Covered (from... to) - Title and Subtitle Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Navy Weapon...Project No. D2001FJ-0156.000) Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Navy Weapon Systems for FY 2002 Executive Summary Who

  15. Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Army Weapons Systems for FY 2002

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2003-02-03

    Financial Management February 3, 2003 Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance...Type N/A Dates Covered (from... to) - Title and Subtitle Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Army...the Department of Defense Report No. D-2003-054 February 3, 2003 (Project No. D2001FJ-0156.002) Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance

  16. 34 CFR 535.55 - What is the length of the deferment of repayment?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) OFFICE OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND MINORITY LANGUAGES AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BILINGUAL EDUCATION... renew a deferment on a yearly basis. (b) Deferments for military or Peace Corps service may not exceed...

  17. Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Air Force Weapons Systems for FY 2002

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2002-11-27

    Financial Management November 27, 2002 Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance...Report Type N/A Dates Covered (from... to) - Title and Subtitle Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Air...Department of the Air Force 26 Background This is one in a series of planned reports that discusses the financial reporting of deferred

  18. Health State Monitoring of Bladed Machinery with Crack Growth Detection in BFG Power Plant Using an Active Frequency Shift Spectral Correction Method.

    PubMed

    Sun, Weifang; Yao, Bin; He, Yuchao; Chen, Binqiang; Zeng, Nianyin; He, Wangpeng

    2017-08-09

    Power generation using waste-gas is an effective and green way to reduce the emission of the harmful blast furnace gas (BFG) in pig-iron producing industry. Condition monitoring of mechanical structures in the BFG power plant is of vital importance to guarantee their safety and efficient operations. In this paper, we describe the detection of crack growth of bladed machinery in the BFG power plant via vibration measurement combined with an enhanced spectral correction technique. This technique enables high-precision identification of amplitude, frequency, and phase information (the harmonic information) belonging to deterministic harmonic components within the vibration signals. Rather than deriving all harmonic information using neighboring spectral bins in the fast Fourier transform spectrum, this proposed active frequency shift spectral correction method makes use of some interpolated Fourier spectral bins and has a better noise-resisting capacity. We demonstrate that the identified harmonic information via the proposed method is of suppressed numerical error when the same level of noises is presented in the vibration signal, even in comparison with a Hanning-window-based correction method. With the proposed method, we investigated vibration signals collected from a centrifugal compressor. Spectral information of harmonic tones, related to the fundamental working frequency of the centrifugal compressor, is corrected. The extracted spectral information indicates the ongoing development of an impeller blade crack that occurred in the centrifugal compressor. This method proves to be a promising alternative to identify blade cracks at early stages.

  19. Propagation of spectral characterization errors of imaging spectrometers at level-1 and its correction within a level-2 recalibration scheme

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vicent, Jorge; Alonso, Luis; Sabater, Neus; Miesch, Christophe; Kraft, Stefan; Moreno, Jose

    2015-09-01

    The uncertainties in the knowledge of the Instrument Spectral Response Function (ISRF), barycenter of the spectral channels and bandwidth / spectral sampling (spectral resolution) are important error sources in the processing of satellite imaging spectrometers within narrow atmospheric absorption bands. The exhaustive laboratory spectral characterization is a costly engineering process that differs from the instrument configuration in-flight given the harsh space environment and harmful launching phase. The retrieval schemes at Level-2 commonly assume a Gaussian ISRF, leading to uncorrected spectral stray-light effects and wrong characterization and correction of the spectral shift and smile. These effects produce inaccurate atmospherically corrected data and are propagated to the final Level-2 mission products. Within ESA's FLEX satellite mission activities, the impact of the ISRF knowledge error and spectral calibration at Level-1 products and its propagation to Level-2 retrieved chlorophyll fluorescence has been analyzed. A spectral recalibration scheme has been implemented at Level-2 reducing the errors in Level-1 products below the 10% error in retrieved fluorescence within the oxygen absorption bands enhancing the quality of the retrieved products. The work presented here shows how the minimization of the spectral calibration errors requires an effort both for the laboratory characterization and for the implementation of specific algorithms at Level-2.

  20. How do dispersal costs and habitat selection influence realized population connectivity?

    PubMed

    Burgess, Scott C; Treml, Eric A; Marshall, Dustin J

    2012-06-01

    Despite the importance of dispersal for population connectivity, dispersal is often costly to the individual. A major impediment to understanding connectivity has been a lack of data combining the movement of individuals and their survival to reproduction in the new habitat (realized connectivity). Although mortality often occurs during dispersal (an immediate cost), in many organisms costs are paid after dispersal (deferred costs). It is unclear how such deferred costs influence the mismatch between dispersal and realized connectivity. Through a series of experiments in the field and laboratory, we estimated both direct and indirect deferred costs in a marine bryozoan (Bugula neritina). We then used the empirical data to parameterize a theoretical model in order to formalize predictions about how dispersal costs influence realized connectivity. Individuals were more likely to colonize poor-quality habitat after prolonged dispersal durations. Individuals that colonized poor-quality habitat performed poorly after colonization because of some property of the habitat (an indirect deferred cost) rather than from prolonged dispersal per se (a direct deferred cost). Our theoretical model predicted that indirect deferred costs could result in nonlinear mismatches between spatial patterns of potential and realized connectivity. The deferred costs of dispersal are likely to be crucial for determining how well patterns of dispersal reflect realized connectivity. Ignoring these deferred costs could lead to inaccurate predictions of spatial population dynamics.

  1. Reporting Deferred Gifts: CASE-NACUBO Guidelines Ensure Consistency.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ridenour, James F.; Munger, Peter L.

    1983-01-01

    Three methods for reporting the value of a deferred gift are described: the tax method, net realizable value, and fair market value. Three major categories of deferred gifts are identified: pooled income funds, charitable remainder trusts, and charitable gift annuities. (MLW)

  2. 47 CFR 54.301 - Local switching support.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Items Account 7500 IV Other Non-Current Assets Included in Account 1410 Deferred Maintenance and... Liabilities (Included in Account 4300); and Deferred Maintenance and Retirements (Included in Account 1438... Accounts 2005, 2680, 2690, 3410 Net Deferred Operating Income Taxes Accounts 4100, 4340 Network Support...

  3. 47 CFR 54.301 - Local switching support.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Items Account 7500 IV Other Non-Current Assets Included in Account 1410 Deferred Maintenance and... Liabilities (Included in Account 4300); and Deferred Maintenance and Retirements (Included in Account 1438... Accounts 2005, 2680, 2690, 3410 Net Deferred Operating Income Taxes Accounts 4100, 4340 Network Support...

  4. 47 CFR 54.301 - Local switching support.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Items Account 7500 IV Other Non-Current Assets Included in Account 1410 Deferred Maintenance and... Liabilities (Included in Account 4300); and Deferred Maintenance and Retirements (Included in Account 1438... Accounts 2005, 2680, 2690, 3410 Net Deferred Operating Income Taxes Accounts 4100, 4340 Network Support...

  5. 47 CFR 32.1438 - Deferred maintenance and retirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Deferred maintenance and retirements. 32.1438 Section 32.1438 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES....1438 Deferred maintenance and retirements. (a) This account shall include such items as: (1) The...

  6. 76 FR 27752 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-12

    ... Accumulated Profits) With Respect to Certain Foreign Deferred Compensation Plans Maintained by Certain Foreign...) With Respect to Certain Foreign Deferred Compensation Plans Maintained by Certain Foreign Corporations... adjustments to earnings and profits (or accumulated profits) for certain foreign deferred compensation plans...

  7. 47 CFR 32.1438 - Deferred maintenance and retirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Deferred maintenance and retirements. 32.1438 Section 32.1438 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES....1438 Deferred maintenance and retirements. (a) This account shall include such items as: (1) The...

  8. Deferred Maintenance Program Handbook.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California State Dept. of General Services, Sacramento. Office of Public School Construction.

    This handbook provides process information on California's Deferred Maintenance Program, including a description of the administering body of law. Chapters discuss the program's process on the topics of basic/additional apportionment, fund release (basic/additional and critical hardship), the Deferred Maintenance Five-Year Plan, district deposit,…

  9. 47 CFR 32.1438 - Deferred maintenance and retirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Deferred maintenance and retirements. 32.1438 Section 32.1438 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES....1438 Deferred maintenance and retirements. (a) This account shall include such items as: (1) The...

  10. Risk model for estimating the 1-year risk of deferred lesion intervention following deferred revascularization after fractional flow reserve assessment.

    PubMed

    Depta, Jeremiah P; Patel, Jayendrakumar S; Novak, Eric; Gage, Brian F; Masrani, Shriti K; Raymer, David; Facey, Gabrielle; Patel, Yogesh; Zajarias, Alan; Lasala, John M; Amin, Amit P; Kurz, Howard I; Singh, Jasvindar; Bach, Richard G

    2015-02-21

    Although lesions deferred revascularization following fractional flow reserve (FFR) assessment have a low risk of adverse cardiac events, variability in risk for deferred lesion intervention (DLI) has not been previously evaluated. The aim of this study was to develop a prediction model to estimate 1-year risk of DLI for coronary lesions where revascularization was not performed following FFR assessment. A prediction model for DLI was developed from a cohort of 721 patients with 882 coronary lesions where revascularization was deferred based on FFR between 10/2002 and 7/2010. Deferred lesion intervention was defined as any revascularization of a lesion previously deferred following FFR. The final DLI model was developed using stepwise Cox regression and validated using bootstrapping techniques. An algorithm was constructed to predict the 1-year risk of DLI. During a mean (±SD) follow-up period of 4.0 ± 2.3 years, 18% of lesions deferred after FFR underwent DLI; the 1-year incidence of DLI was 5.3%, while the predicted risk of DLI varied from 1 to 40%. The final Cox model included the FFR value, age, current or former smoking, history of coronary artery disease (CAD) or prior percutaneous coronary intervention, multi-vessel CAD, and serum creatinine. The c statistic for the DLI prediction model was 0.66 (95% confidence interval, CI: 0.61-0.70). Patients deferred revascularization based on FFR have variation in their risk for DLI. A clinical prediction model consisting of five clinical variables and the FFR value can help predict the risk of DLI in the first year following FFR assessment. Published on behalf of the European Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved. © The Author 2014. For permissions please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  11. Deferred Personal Life Decisions of Women Physicians.

    PubMed

    Bering, Jamie; Pflibsen, Lacey; Eno, Cassie; Radhakrishnan, Priya

    2018-05-01

    Inadequate work-life balance can have significant implications regarding individual performance, retention, and on the future of the workforce in medicine. The purpose of this study was to determine whether women physicians defer personal life decisions in pursuit of their medical career. We conducted a survey study of women physicians ages 20-80 from various medical specialties using a combination of social media platforms and women physicians' professional listservs with 801 survey responses collected from May through November 2015. The primary endpoint was whether women physicians deferred personal life decisions in pursuit of their medical career. Secondary outcomes include types of decisions deferred and correlations with age, hours worked per week, specialty, number of children, and career satisfaction. Respondents were categorized into deferred and nondeferred groups. Personal decision deferments were reported by 64% of respondents. Of these, 86% reported waiting to have children and 22% reported waiting to get married. Finally, while 85% of women in the nondeferment group would choose medicine again as a career, only 71% of women in the deferment group would do so (p < 0.0001). Physicians who would choose medicine again cited reasons such as career satisfaction, positive patient interactions, and intellectual stimulation, whereas those who would not choose medicine again reported poor work-life balance, decreasing job satisfaction, and insurance/administrative burden. The results of this survey have significant implications on the future of the workforce in medicine. Overall, our analysis shows that 64% of women physicians defer important life decisions in pursuit of their medical career. With an increase in the number of women physicians entering the workforce, lack of support and deferred personal decisions have a potential negative impact on individual performance and retention. Employers must consider the economic impact and potential workforce shortages that may develop if these issues are not addressed.

  12. Health State Monitoring of Bladed Machinery with Crack Growth Detection in BFG Power Plant Using an Active Frequency Shift Spectral Correction Method

    PubMed Central

    Sun, Weifang; Yao, Bin; He, Yuchao; Zeng, Nianyin; He, Wangpeng

    2017-01-01

    Power generation using waste-gas is an effective and green way to reduce the emission of the harmful blast furnace gas (BFG) in pig-iron producing industry. Condition monitoring of mechanical structures in the BFG power plant is of vital importance to guarantee their safety and efficient operations. In this paper, we describe the detection of crack growth of bladed machinery in the BFG power plant via vibration measurement combined with an enhanced spectral correction technique. This technique enables high-precision identification of amplitude, frequency, and phase information (the harmonic information) belonging to deterministic harmonic components within the vibration signals. Rather than deriving all harmonic information using neighboring spectral bins in the fast Fourier transform spectrum, this proposed active frequency shift spectral correction method makes use of some interpolated Fourier spectral bins and has a better noise-resisting capacity. We demonstrate that the identified harmonic information via the proposed method is of suppressed numerical error when the same level of noises is presented in the vibration signal, even in comparison with a Hanning-window-based correction method. With the proposed method, we investigated vibration signals collected from a centrifugal compressor. Spectral information of harmonic tones, related to the fundamental working frequency of the centrifugal compressor, is corrected. The extracted spectral information indicates the ongoing development of an impeller blade crack that occurred in the centrifugal compressor. This method proves to be a promising alternative to identify blade cracks at early stages. PMID:28792453

  13. 12 CFR 1002.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... applicant to defer payment of a debt, incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor. (k) Credit card means any card, plate, coupon book, or other single credit... demonstrates was not intentional and occurred notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted...

  14. 12 CFR 1002.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... applicant to defer payment of a debt, incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor. (k) Credit card means any card, plate, coupon book, or other single credit... demonstrates was not intentional and occurred notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted...

  15. A neural network-based method for spectral distortion correction in photon counting x-ray CT

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Touch, Mengheng; Clark, Darin P.; Barber, William; Badea, Cristian T.

    2016-08-01

    Spectral CT using a photon counting x-ray detector (PCXD) shows great potential for measuring material composition based on energy dependent x-ray attenuation. Spectral CT is especially suited for imaging with K-edge contrast agents to address the otherwise limited contrast in soft tissues. We have developed a micro-CT system based on a PCXD. This system enables both 4 energy bins acquisition, as well as full-spectrum mode in which the energy thresholds of the PCXD are swept to sample the full energy spectrum for each detector element and projection angle. Measurements provided by the PCXD, however, are distorted due to undesirable physical effects in the detector and can be very noisy due to photon starvation in narrow energy bins. To address spectral distortions, we propose and demonstrate a novel artificial neural network (ANN)-based spectral distortion correction mechanism, which learns to undo the distortion in spectral CT, resulting in improved material decomposition accuracy. To address noise, post-reconstruction denoising based on bilateral filtration, which jointly enforces intensity gradient sparsity between spectral samples, is used to further improve the robustness of ANN training and material decomposition accuracy. Our ANN-based distortion correction method is calibrated using 3D-printed phantoms and a model of our spectral CT system. To enable realistic simulations and validation of our method, we first modeled the spectral distortions using experimental data acquired from 109Cd and 133Ba radioactive sources measured with our PCXD. Next, we trained an ANN to learn the relationship between the distorted spectral CT projections and the ideal, distortion-free projections in a calibration step. This required knowledge of the ground truth, distortion-free spectral CT projections, which were obtained by simulating a spectral CT scan of the digital version of a 3D-printed phantom. Once the training was completed, the trained ANN was used to perform distortion correction on any subsequent scans of the same system with the same parameters. We used joint bilateral filtration to perform noise reduction by jointly enforcing intensity gradient sparsity between the reconstructed images for each energy bin. Following reconstruction and denoising, the CT data was spectrally decomposed using the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and a K-edge material (i.e. iodine). The ANN-based distortion correction approach was tested using both simulations and experimental data acquired in phantoms and a mouse with our PCXD-based micro-CT system for 4 bins and full-spectrum acquisition modes. The iodine detectability and decomposition accuracy were assessed using the contrast-to-noise ratio and relative error in iodine concentration estimation metrics in images with and without distortion correction. In simulation, the material decomposition accuracy in the reconstructed data was vastly improved following distortion correction and denoising, with 50% and 20% reductions in material concentration measurement error in full-spectrum and 4 energy bins cases, respectively. Overall, experimental data confirms that full-spectrum mode provides superior results to 4-energy mode when the distortion corrections are applied. The material decomposition accuracy in the reconstructed data was vastly improved following distortion correction and denoising, with as much as a 41% reduction in material concentration measurement error for full-spectrum mode, while also bringing the iodine detectability to 4-6 mg ml-1. Distortion correction also improved the 4 bins mode data, but to a lesser extent. The results demonstrate the experimental feasibility and potential advantages of ANN-based distortion correction and joint bilateral filtration-based denoising for accurate K-edge imaging with a PCXD. Given the computational efficiency with which the ANN can be applied to projection data, the proposed scheme can be readily integrated into existing CT reconstruction pipelines.

  16. a Cell Vertex Algorithm for the Incompressible Navier-Stokes Equations on Non-Orthogonal Grids

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jessee, J. P.; Fiveland, W. A.

    1996-08-01

    The steady, incompressible Navier-Stokes (N-S) equations are discretized using a cell vertex, finite volume method. Quadrilateral and hexahedral meshes are used to represent two- and three-dimensional geometries respectively. The dependent variables include the Cartesian components of velocity and pressure. Advective fluxes are calculated using bounded, high-resolution schemes with a deferred correction procedure to maintain a compact stencil. This treatment insures bounded, non-oscillatory solutions while maintaining low numerical diffusion. The mass and momentum equations are solved with the projection method on a non-staggered grid. The coupling of the pressure and velocity fields is achieved using the Rhie and Chow interpolation scheme modified to provide solutions independent of time steps or relaxation factors. An algebraic multigrid solver is used for the solution of the implicit, linearized equations.A number of test cases are anlaysed and presented. The standard benchmark cases include a lid-driven cavity, flow through a gradual expansion and laminar flow in a three-dimensional curved duct. Predictions are compared with data, results of other workers and with predictions from a structured, cell-centred, control volume algorithm whenever applicable. Sensitivity of results to the advection differencing scheme is investigated by applying a number of higher-order flux limiters: the MINMOD, MUSCL, OSHER, CLAM and SMART schemes. As expected, studies indicate that higher-order schemes largely mitigate the diffusion effects of first-order schemes but also shown no clear preference among the higher-order schemes themselves with respect to accuracy. The effect of the deferred correction procedure on global convergence is discussed.

  17. Coping with Deferred Maintenance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Suber, L. Terry

    1982-01-01

    The deferred maintenance problem on college and university campuses is addressed. Deferred maintenance refers to larger or more expansive maintenance work that can be delayed and is not performed when needed or reported, usually because its cost is beyond the annual maintenance and operating budget of the physical plant department. Eventually…

  18. The Politics of Budgeting for Deferred Maintenance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Saunders, Laura E.

    1989-01-01

    The University of Washington has addressed its deferred maintenance needs through a strategy that includes building an externally reinforced consensus, internal monitoring, a review and priority-setting system, and a conscious budget strategy that separates needs for deferred maintenance from projects that serve teaching and research directly.…

  19. 47 CFR 32.4350 - Net noncurrent deferred nonoperating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4350 Net noncurrent deferred nonoperating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance of income tax expense (Federal, state, and local) that has been deferred to later...

  20. 18 CFR 367.4111 - Account 411.1, Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, operating income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., Provision for deferred income taxes-Credit, operating income. 367.4111 Section 367.4111 Conservation of... Company Operating Income § 367.4111 Account 411.1, Provision for deferred income taxes—Credit, operating... taxes, credit, that relate to service company operating income. ...

  1. 76 FR 39105 - Notice of Request for Comments on Proposed Deferred Maintenance and Repairs Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-05

    ... FEDERAL ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ADVISORY BOARD Notice of Request for Comments on Proposed Deferred Maintenance and Repairs Standards AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. ACTION: Notice. Board... Accounting Standards Advisory Board (FASAB) is requesting comments on the Exposure Draft, Deferred...

  2. 76 FR 44657 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for A Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-26

    ... collection requirements related to election to defer net experience loss in a multiemployer plan. DATES..., at [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Election to Defer Net Experience... the Service in order to defer a net experience loss. The notice also describes the notification that...

  3. Testament to the Written Word.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Groner, Wayne E.

    1985-01-01

    Graceland College is taking a sales approach to deferred giving. Their products include annuities, trusts, life insurance, bequests--all the deferred giving plans that offer big benefits to donors and long-term financial benefit to the college. Benefits are emphasized through a written illustration of the proposed deferred gift. (MLW)

  4. Evaluate error correction ability of magnetorheological finishing by smoothing spectral function

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Jia; Fan, Bin; Wan, Yongjian; Shi, Chunyan; Zhuo, Bin

    2014-08-01

    Power Spectral Density (PSD) has been entrenched in optics design and manufacturing as a characterization of mid-high spatial frequency (MHSF) errors. Smoothing Spectral Function (SSF) is a newly proposed parameter that based on PSD to evaluate error correction ability of computer controlled optical surfacing (CCOS) technologies. As a typical deterministic and sub-aperture finishing technology based on CCOS, magnetorheological finishing (MRF) leads to MHSF errors inevitably. SSF is employed to research different spatial frequency error correction ability of MRF process. The surface figures and PSD curves of work-piece machined by MRF are presented. By calculating SSF curve, the correction ability of MRF for different spatial frequency errors will be indicated as a normalized numerical value.

  5. ER Consolidated Qtrly Rpt_July-September 2015_January 2016

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, John R.

    2016-01-01

    This Environmental Restoration Operations (ER) Consolidated Quarterly Report (ER Quarterly Report) provides the status of ongoing corrective action activities being implemented by Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) for the July, August, and September 2015 quarterly reporting period. The Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) and Areas of Concern (AOCs) identified for corrective action at SNL/NM are listed in Table I-1. The work completed during this quarter is reported below in Sections I.2.1 and I.2.2. Section I.2.1 summarizes the quarterly activities at sites undergoing corrective action field activities (SWMUs 8 and 58, 68, 149, 154, and 502, and three groundwater AOCs).more » Section I.2.2 summarizes quarterly activities at sites where the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) has issued a certificate of completion and the site is in the corrective action complete (CAC) regulatory process. Currently, the Mixed Waste Landfill (MWL, SWMU 76) is the only site in the CAC regulatory process. Corrective action activities have been deferred at the Long Sled Track (SWMU 83), the Gun Facilities (SWMU 84), and the Short Sled Track (SWMU 240) because these are active mission facilities.« less

  6. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, John R.

    This Environmental Restoration Operations (ER) Consolidated Quarterly Report (ER Quarterly Report) provides the status of ongoing corrective action activities being implemented at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) during the July, August, and September 2016 quarterly reporting period. The Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) and Areas of Concern (AOCs) identified for corrective action at SNL/NM are listed in Table I-1. Sections I.2.1 and I.2.2 summarize the work completed during this quarter. Section I.2.1 summarizes the quarterly activities at sites undergoing corrective action field activities. Field activities are conducted at the three groundwater AOCs (Burn Site Groundwater [BSG AOC], Technical Areamore » [TA]-V Groundwater [TAVG AOC], and Tijeras Arroyo Groundwater [TAG AOC]). Section I.2.2 summarizes quarterly activities at sites where the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) issued a certificate of completion and the sites are in the corrective action complete (CAC) regulatory process. Currently, SWMUs 8 and 58, 68, 149, 154, and 502 are in the CAC regulatory process. Corrective action activities are deferred at the Long Sled Track (SWMU 83), the Gun Facilities (SWMU 84), and the Short Sled Track (SWMU 240) because these three sites are active mission facilities. These three active sites are located in TA-III.« less

  7. 48 CFR 9904.415 - Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Accounting for the cost of deferred compensation. 9904.415 Section 9904.415 Federal Acquisition Regulations System COST ACCOUNTING... AND COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS COST ACCOUNTING STANDARDS 9904.415 Accounting for the cost of deferred...

  8. Excess Benefit Plans and Other Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Palns Under ERISA

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vogel, Mark A.

    1977-01-01

    The benefits of and restrictions imposed on qualified pension and profit-sharing plans are discussed in terms of Excess Benefit Plans (EPB), a type of deferred compensation plan. EPBs and unfunded deferred compensation plans offer flexible methods of providing additional benefits for executives and key employees. (LBH)

  9. 13 CFR 120.1717 - Seller's Pool Loan deferments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seller's Pool Loan deferments. 120.1717 Section 120.1717 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS...'s Pool Loan deferments. Without the prior written consent of SBA, Seller, at the request of Obligor...

  10. Deferred and Immediate Imitation in Regressive and Early Onset Autism

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rogers, Sally J.; Young, Gregory S.; Cook, Ian; Giolzetti, Angelo; Ozonoff, Sally

    2008-01-01

    Deferred imitation has long held a privileged position in early cognitive development, considered an early marker of representational thought with links to language development and symbolic processes. Children with autism have difficulties with several abilities generally thought to be related to deferred imitation: immediate imitation, language,…

  11. 12 CFR 202.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ...) Credit means the right granted by a creditor to an applicant to defer payment of a debt, incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor. (k) Credit card means... notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted to avoid such errors. (t) Judgmental system of...

  12. 12 CFR 202.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ...) Credit means the right granted by a creditor to an applicant to defer payment of a debt, incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor. (k) Credit card means... notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted to avoid such errors. (t) Judgmental system of...

  13. 12 CFR 202.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ...) Credit means the right granted by a creditor to an applicant to defer payment of a debt, incur debt and defer its payment, or purchase property or services and defer payment therefor. (k) Credit card means... notwithstanding the maintenance of procedures reasonably adapted to avoid such errors. (t) Judgmental system of...

  14. 30 CFR 1218.300 - Payment of royalties, rentals, and deferred bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Payment of royalties, rentals, and deferred bonuses. 1218.300 Section 1218.300 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF NATURAL RESOURCES REVENUE, DEPARTMENT OF... THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT Geothermal Resources § 1218.300 Payment of royalties, rentals, and deferred...

  15. 30 CFR 1218.300 - Payment of royalties, rentals, and deferred bonuses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payment of royalties, rentals, and deferred bonuses. 1218.300 Section 1218.300 Mineral Resources OFFICE OF SURFACE MINING RECLAMATION AND ENFORCEMENT... CREDITS AND INCENTIVES Geothermal Resources § 1218.300 Payment of royalties, rentals, and deferred bonuses...

  16. 34 CFR 674.36 - Deferment of repayment-NDSLs made on or after October 1, 1980, but before July 1, 1993.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.36 Deferment of repayment—NDSLs made on or after October 1, 1980... participating in the Federal Perkins Loan program for the borrower to qualify for a deferment. (3) If a borrower...

  17. 75 FR 54226 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 98-52 and REG-108639-99

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-03

    ... comments concerning Notice 98-52, Cash or Deferred Arrangements; Nondiscrimination, and existing notice of proposed rulemaking, REG-108639-99, Retirement Plans; Cash or Deferred Arrangements Under Section 401(k...: Title: Cash or Deferred Arrangements; Nondiscrimination (Notice 98- 52), Retirement Plans; Cash or...

  18. 75 FR 49394 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-13

    ... as a contribution of the debt instrument to capital. The term also includes the complete forgiveness... accounting is deferred until payments are received under the installment obligation, or until the taxpayer... respect to the electing member. 2. Exception for Distributions and Charitable Contributions Consistent...

  19. 29 CFR 1640.11 - EEOC review of deferred charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EEOC review of deferred charges. 1640.11 Section 1640.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR... EEOC review of deferred charges. (a) Deferral by the EEOC. When it is determined that a section 504...

  20. 29 CFR 1640.11 - EEOC review of deferred charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EEOC review of deferred charges. 1640.11 Section 1640.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR... EEOC review of deferred charges. (a) Deferral by the EEOC. When it is determined that a section 504...

  1. 29 CFR 1640.11 - EEOC review of deferred charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EEOC review of deferred charges. 1640.11 Section 1640.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR... EEOC review of deferred charges. (a) Deferral by the EEOC. When it is determined that a section 504...

  2. 29 CFR 1640.11 - EEOC review of deferred charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EEOC review of deferred charges. 1640.11 Section 1640.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR... EEOC review of deferred charges. (a) Deferral by the EEOC. When it is determined that a section 504...

  3. 17 CFR 256.411 - Provision for deferred income taxes-credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... taxes-credit. 256.411 Section 256.411 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... deferred income taxes—credit. This account shall be credited and Accumulated Deferred Income Taxes debited with an amount equal to the portion of taxes on income payable for the year which is attributable to a...

  4. Deferred Compensation Becomes More Common

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    June, Audrey Williams

    2006-01-01

    A key part of the compensation package for some college and university presidents is money that they do not receive in their paychecks. Formally known as deferred compensation, such payments can take many forms, including supplemental retirement pay, severance pay, or even bonuses. With large institutions leading the way, deferred compensation has…

  5. Deferred and immediate imitation in regressive and early onset autism

    PubMed Central

    Rogers, Sally J.; Young, Gregory S.; Cook, Ian; Giolzetti, Angelo; Ozonoff, Sally

    2010-01-01

    Deferred imitation has long held a privileged position in early cognitive development, considered an early marker of representational thought with links to language development and symbolic processes. Children with autism have difficulties with several abilities generally thought to be related to deferred imitation: immediate imitation, language, and symbolic play. However, few studies have examined deferred imitation in early autism. The present study examined both deferred, spontaneous imitation and immediate, elicited imitation on a set of carefully matched tasks in 36 young children with autism: 16 with early onset autism, 20 with regressive autism and two contrast groups, younger typically developing children (n = 20) and age matched children with significant developmental delays (n = 21). Analyses of co-variance controlling for differences in verbal mental age revealed significant main effects for task, but no main effect of group and no interaction of task by group. Deferred imitation scores were lower than immediate imitation scores for all groups. Imitation performance was related to overall intellectual functioning for all groups, and there were moderate and significant relations between imitation in the immediate elicited condition and in the spontaneous deferred condition for all groups. Finally, there were no differences between onset subgroups in imitation scores, suggesting that the two share a similar phenotype involving both types of imitation. PMID:18221343

  6. Extra-articular deformity correction using Taylor spatial frame prior to total knee arthroplasty.

    PubMed

    Tawari, Gautam J K; Maheshwari, Rajan; Madan, Sanjeev S

    2018-03-20

    A good long-term outcome following a total knee arthroplasty relies on restoration of the mechanical axis and effective soft tissue balancing of the prosthetic knee. Arthroplasty surgery in patients with secondary osteoarthritis of the knee with an extra-articular tibial deformity is a complex and challenging procedure. The correction of mal-alignment of the mechanical axis is associated with unpredictable result and with higher revision rates. Single-staged deformity correction and replacement surgery often result in the use of constraint implants. We describe our experience with staged correction of deformity using a Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) followed by total knee arthroplasty in these patients and highlight the advantage of staged approach. The use of TSF fixator for deformity correction prior to a primary total knee arthroplasty has not been described in the literature. We describe three cases of secondary osteoarthritis of the knee associated with multiplanar tibial deformity treated effectively with a total knee arthroplasty following deformity correction and union using a TSF. All patients had an improved Knee Society score and Oxford Knee score postoperatively and were satisfied with their replacement outcome. Staged deformity correction followed by arthroplasty allows the use of standard primary arthroplasty implants with predicable results and flexible aftercare. This approach may also provide significant improvement of patient symptoms following correction of deformity resulting in deferment of the arthroplasty surgery.

  7. A new dynamical downscaling approach with GCM bias corrections and spectral nudging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Zhongfeng; Yang, Zong-Liang

    2015-04-01

    To improve confidence in regional projections of future climate, a new dynamical downscaling (NDD) approach with both general circulation model (GCM) bias corrections and spectral nudging is developed and assessed over North America. GCM biases are corrected by adjusting GCM climatological means and variances based on reanalysis data before the GCM output is used to drive a regional climate model (RCM). Spectral nudging is also applied to constrain RCM-based biases. Three sets of RCM experiments are integrated over a 31 year period. In the first set of experiments, the model configurations are identical except that the initial and lateral boundary conditions are derived from either the original GCM output, the bias-corrected GCM output, or the reanalysis data. The second set of experiments is the same as the first set except spectral nudging is applied. The third set of experiments includes two sensitivity runs with both GCM bias corrections and nudging where the nudging strength is progressively reduced. All RCM simulations are assessed against North American Regional Reanalysis. The results show that NDD significantly improves the downscaled mean climate and climate variability relative to other GCM-driven RCM downscaling approach in terms of climatological mean air temperature, geopotential height, wind vectors, and surface air temperature variability. In the NDD approach, spectral nudging introduces the effects of GCM bias corrections throughout the RCM domain rather than just limiting them to the initial and lateral boundary conditions, thereby minimizing climate drifts resulting from both the GCM and RCM biases.

  8. Donating blood for research: a potential method for enhancing customer satisfaction of permanently deferred blood donors.

    PubMed

    Waller, Daniel; Thijsen, Amanda; Garradd, Allira; Hayman, Jane; Smith, Geoff

    2017-01-01

    Each year, a large number of individuals in Australia are deferred from donating blood. A deferral may have a negative impact on donor satisfaction and subsequent word-of-mouth communication. The Australian Red Cross Blood Service (the Blood Service) is, therefore, investigating options for managing service interactions with deferred donors to maintain positive relationships. While public research institutes in Australia have established independent research donor registries, other countries provide programmes allowing deferred donors to donate blood for research via blood collection agencies. This study examined attitudes towards donating blood for research use in a sample of permanently deferred Australian donors. Donors permanently deferred because of a risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n=449) completed a postal survey that examined attitudes towards research donation. The majority of participants were interested in donating blood for research (96%), and joining a registry of research donors (93%). Participants preferred to donate for transfusion or clinical research, and were willing to travel large distances. Results indicated that positive attitudes towards the Blood Service would be extended if the opportunity to donate blood was provided. These findings indicate a desire for continued engagement with the Blood Service despite deferral. Donating blood for research is a potential way of maintaining positive relationships with permanently deferred donors which also benefits the health research community. Through maintaining positive relationships with deferred donors, positive word-of-mouth activity can be stimulated. Further work is needed to determine the feasibility of implementing research donation through the Blood Service in Australia.

  9. Donating blood for research: a potential method for enhancing customer satisfaction of permanently deferred blood donors

    PubMed Central

    Waller, Daniel; Thijsen, Amanda; Garradd, Allira; Hayman, Jane; Smith, Geoff

    2017-01-01

    Background Each year, a large number of individuals in Australia are deferred from donating blood. A deferral may have a negative impact on donor satisfaction and subsequent word-of-mouth communication. The Australian Red Cross Blood Service (the Blood Service) is, therefore, investigating options for managing service interactions with deferred donors to maintain positive relationships. While public research institutes in Australia have established independent research donor registries, other countries provide programmes allowing deferred donors to donate blood for research via blood collection agencies. This study examined attitudes towards donating blood for research use in a sample of permanently deferred Australian donors. Materials and methods Donors permanently deferred because of a risk of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (n=449) completed a postal survey that examined attitudes towards research donation. Results The majority of participants were interested in donating blood for research (96%), and joining a registry of research donors (93%). Participants preferred to donate for transfusion or clinical research, and were willing to travel large distances. Results indicated that positive attitudes towards the Blood Service would be extended if the opportunity to donate blood was provided. These findings indicate a desire for continued engagement with the Blood Service despite deferral. Discussion Donating blood for research is a potential way of maintaining positive relationships with permanently deferred donors which also benefits the health research community. Through maintaining positive relationships with deferred donors, positive word-of-mouth activity can be stimulated. Further work is needed to determine the feasibility of implementing research donation through the Blood Service in Australia. PMID:26674813

  10. 26 CFR 1.401(k)-1 - Certain cash or deferred arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... cash or deferred arrangements. A plan, other than a profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money... plan includes a cash or deferred arrangement. A profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money purchase... by the employee for purposes of section 451. (v) Certain one-time elections not treated as cash or...

  11. 26 CFR 1.401(k)-1 - Certain cash or deferred arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... include cash or deferred arrangements. A plan, other than a profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money... plan includes a cash or deferred arrangement. A profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money purchase... by the employee for purposes of section 451. (v) Certain one-time elections not treated as cash or...

  12. 26 CFR 1.401(k)-1 - Certain cash or deferred arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... include cash or deferred arrangements. A plan, other than a profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money... plan includes a cash or deferred arrangement. A profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money purchase... by the employee for purposes of section 451. (v) Certain one-time elections not treated as cash or...

  13. 26 CFR 1.401(k)-1 - Certain cash or deferred arrangements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... include cash or deferred arrangements. A plan, other than a profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money... plan includes a cash or deferred arrangement. A profit-sharing, stock bonus, pre-ERISA money purchase... by the employee for purposes of section 451. (v) Certain one-time elections not treated as cash or...

  14. 25 CFR 152.35 - Deferred payment sales.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Deferred payment sales. 152.35 Section 152.35 Indians..., CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY, REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS, AND SALE OF CERTAIN INDIAN LANDS Mortgages and Deeds of Trust to Secure Loans to Indians § 152.35 Deferred payment sales. When the Indian owner and purchaser...

  15. 25 CFR 152.35 - Deferred payment sales.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Deferred payment sales. 152.35 Section 152.35 Indians..., CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY, REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS, AND SALE OF CERTAIN INDIAN LANDS Mortgages and Deeds of Trust to Secure Loans to Indians § 152.35 Deferred payment sales. When the Indian owner and purchaser...

  16. 34 CFR 611.44 - Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... scholarship recipient's service obligation? 611.44 Section 611.44 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM Scholarships § 611.44 Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation? (a) Upon written request, the Secretary may defer a...

  17. 34 CFR 611.44 - Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... scholarship recipient's service obligation? 611.44 Section 611.44 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM Scholarships § 611.44 Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation? (a) Upon written request, the Secretary may defer a...

  18. 34 CFR 611.44 - Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... scholarship recipient's service obligation? 611.44 Section 611.44 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM Scholarships § 611.44 Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation? (a) Upon written request, the Secretary may defer a...

  19. 34 CFR 611.44 - Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... scholarship recipient's service obligation? 611.44 Section 611.44 Education Regulations of the Offices of the... QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM Scholarships § 611.44 Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation? (a) Upon written request, the Secretary may defer a...

  20. An Assessment of South Carolina Higher Education Facilities Conditions & Measuring Deferred Maintenance. Special Report

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    South Carolina Commission on Higher Education, 2007

    2007-01-01

    For the current study, institutions evaluated education and general (E&G) buildings on their campuses using an assessment format established in the original deferred maintenance study conducted in 1994. The joint study, "Deferred Maintenance, An Analysis of South Carolina's Facilities Portfolio," conducted by the Commission on Higher…

  1. The Public School Infrastructure Problem: Deteriorating Buildings and Deferred Maintenance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hunter, Richard C.

    2009-01-01

    The deterioration of public school buildings is more prevalent in large cities that, because of funding shortfalls, have deferred maintenance and require huge sums to bring their buildings up to acceptable standards. Cities such as New York will require approximately $680 million to address the problem of deferred maintenance for needed painting,…

  2. 34 CFR 674.35 - Deferment of repayment-Federal Perkins loans made before July 1, 1993.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Deferment of repayment-Federal Perkins loans made... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL PERKINS LOAN PROGRAM Terms of Loans § 674.35 Deferment of repayment—Federal Perkins loans made before July 1, 1993. (a...

  3. 26 CFR 1.1031(k)-1 - Treatment of deferred exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Treatment of deferred exchanges. 1.1031(k)-1 Section 1.1031(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Common Nontaxable Exchanges § 1.1031(k)-1 Treatment of deferred...

  4. 26 CFR 1.616-2 - Election to defer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Natural Resources § 1.616-2 Election to defer. (a) General rule. In lieu of... each mine or other natural deposit as deferred expenses to be deducted ratably as the units of the... natural deposit. However, in the case of such expenditures made in the development stage, this election is...

  5. 26 CFR 1.616-2 - Election to defer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Natural Resources § 1.616-2 Election to defer. (a) General rule. In lieu of... each mine or other natural deposit as deferred expenses to be deducted ratably as the units of the... natural deposit. However, in the case of such expenditures made in the development stage, this election is...

  6. 26 CFR 1.616-2 - Election to defer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Natural Resources § 1.616-2 Election to defer. (a) General rule. In lieu of... each mine or other natural deposit as deferred expenses to be deducted ratably as the units of the... natural deposit. However, in the case of such expenditures made in the development stage, this election is...

  7. 25 CFR 152.35 - Deferred payment sales.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... desire, a sale may be made or approved on the deferred payment plan. The terms of the sale will be... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Deferred payment sales. 152.35 Section 152.35 Indians..., CERTIFICATES OF COMPETENCY, REMOVAL OF RESTRICTIONS, AND SALE OF CERTAIN INDIAN LANDS Mortgages and Deeds of...

  8. Deferment cutting in Appalachian hardwoods: the what, whys, and hows

    Treesearch

    H. Clay Smith; Gary W. Miller

    1991-01-01

    Deferment cutting is a regeneration practice that resembles a seed-tree or shelterwood cutting. The difference is that residual trees are not cut when the reproduction becomes established. Instead, residual trees are left until new reproduction matures to sawtimber size, and another regeneration cut is the silvicultural objective. Hence, with deferment cutting specific...

  9. How parents and practitioners experience research without prior consent (deferred consent) for emergency research involving children with life threatening conditions: a mixed method study

    PubMed Central

    Woolfall, Kerry; Frith, Lucy; Gamble, Carrol; Gilbert, Ruth; Mok, Quen; Young, Bridget

    2015-01-01

    Objective Alternatives to prospective informed consent to enable children with life-threatening conditions to be entered into trials of emergency treatments are needed. Across Europe, a process called deferred consent has been developed as an alternative. Little is known about the views and experiences of those with first-hand experience of this controversial consent process. To inform how consent is sought for future paediatric critical care trials, we explored the views and experiences of parents and practitioners involved in the CATheter infections in CHildren (CATCH) trial, which allowed for deferred consent in certain circumstances. Design Mixed method survey, interview and focus group study. Participants 275 parents completed a questionnaire; 20 families participated in an interview (18 mothers, 5 fathers). 17 CATCH practitioners participated in one of four focus groups (10 nurses, 3 doctors and 4 clinical trial unit staff). Setting 12 UK children's hospitals. Results Some parents were momentarily shocked or angered to discover that their child had or could have been entered into CATCH without their prior consent. Although these feelings resolved after the reasons why consent needed to be deferred were explained and that the CATCH interventions were already used in clinical care. Prior to seeking deferred consent for the first few times, CATCH practitioners were apprehensive, although their feelings abated with experience of talking to parents about CATCH. Parents reported that their decisions about their child's participation in the trial had been voluntary. However, mistiming the deferred consent discussion had caused distress for some. Practitioners and parents supported the use of deferred consent in CATCH and in future trials of interventions already used in clinical care. Conclusions Our study provides evidence to support the use of deferred consent in paediatric emergency medicine; it also indicates the crucial importance of practitioner communication and appropriate timing of deferred consent discussions. PMID:26384724

  10. Image enhancement by spectral-error correction for dual-energy computed tomography.

    PubMed

    Park, Kyung-Kook; Oh, Chang-Hyun; Akay, Metin

    2011-01-01

    Dual-energy CT (DECT) was reintroduced recently to use the additional spectral information of X-ray attenuation and aims for accurate density measurement and material differentiation. However, the spectral information lies in the difference between low and high energy images or measurements, so that it is difficult to acquire accurate spectral information due to amplification of high pixel noise in the resulting difference image. In this work, an image enhancement technique for DECT is proposed, based on the fact that the attenuation of a higher density material decreases more rapidly as X-ray energy increases. We define as spectral error the case when a pixel pair of low and high energy images deviates far from the expected attenuation trend. After analyzing the spectral-error sources of DECT images, we propose a DECT image enhancement method, which consists of three steps: water-reference offset correction, spectral-error correction, and anti-correlated noise reduction. It is the main idea of this work that makes spectral errors distributed like random noise over the true attenuation and suppressed by the well-known anti-correlated noise reduction. The proposed method suppressed noise of liver lesions and improved contrast between liver lesions and liver parenchyma in DECT contrast-enhanced abdominal images and their two-material decomposition.

  11. 78 FR 76636 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-18

    ...-0124] Agency Information Collection Activities: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals... Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. (3) Agency form number, if any, and the applicable component of the... childhood arrivals: 1. Were under the age of 31 as of June 15, 2012; 2. Came to the United States before...

  12. 47 CFR 1.104 - Preserving the right of review; deferred consideration of application for review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Preserving the right of review; deferred... Actions Taken by the Commission and Pursuant to Delegated Authority; Effective Dates and Finality Dates of Actions § 1.104 Preserving the right of review; deferred consideration of application for review. (a) The...

  13. 78 FR 40832 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Qualified Retirement Plans Under Sections 401(k) and 401...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-08

    ... Qualified Retirement Plans Under Sections 401(k) and 401(m) and Guidance on Cash or Deferred Arrangements... cash or deferred arrangements. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before September 6... Cash or Deferred Arrangements. OMB Number: 1545-1669. Regulation/Notice Number: REG-108639-99/Notice...

  14. Common aperture multispectral optics for military applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thompson, N. A.

    2012-06-01

    With the recent developments in multi-spectral detector technology the interest in common aperture, common focal plane multi-spectral imaging systems is increasing. Such systems are particularly desirable for military applications where increased levels of target discrimination and identification are required in cost-effective, rugged, lightweight systems. During the optical design of dual waveband or multi-spectral systems, the options for material selection are limited. This selection becomes even more restrictive for military applications as material resilience and thermal properties must be considered in addition to colour correction. In this paper we discuss the design challenges that lightweight multi-spectral common aperture systems present along with some potential design solutions. Consideration will be given to material selection for optimum colour correction as well as material resilience and thermal correction. This discussion is supported using design examples that are currently in development at Qioptiq.

  15. Analyzing actual risk in malaria-deferred donors through selective serologic testing.

    PubMed

    Nguyen, Megan L; Goff, Tami; Gibble, Joan; Steele, Whitney R; Leiby, David A

    2013-08-01

    Approximately 150,000 US blood donors are deferred annually for travel to malaria-endemic areas. However, the majority do not travel to the high-risk areas of Africa associated with transfusion-transmitted malaria (TTM) but visit low-risk areas such as Mexico. This study tests for Plasmodium infection among malaria-deferred donors, particularly those visiting Mexico. Blood donors deferred for malaria risk (travel, residence, or previous infection) provided blood samples and completed a questionnaire. Plasma was tested for Plasmodium antibodies by enzyme immunoassay (EIA); repeat-reactive (RR) samples were considered positive and tested by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Accepted donors provided background testing data. During 2005 to 2011, a total of 5610 malaria-deferred donors were tested by EIA, including 5412 travel deferrals. Overall, 88 (1.6%) were EIA RR; none were PCR positive. Forty-nine (55.7%) RR donors previously had malaria irrespective of deferral category, including 34 deferred for travel. Among 1121 travelers to Mexico, 90% visited Quintana Roo (no or very low risk), but just 2.2% visited Oaxaca/Chiapas (moderate or high risk). Only two Mexican travelers tested RR; both previously had malaria not acquired in Mexico. Travel to Mexico represents a large percentage of US donors deferred for malaria risk; however, these donors primarily visit no- or very-low-risk areas. No malaria cases acquired in Mexico were identified thereby supporting previous risk estimates. Consideration should be given to allowing blood donations from U.S. donors who travel to Quintana Roo and other low-risk areas in Mexico. A more effective approach to preventing TTM would be to defer all donors with a history of malaria, even if remote. © 2012 American Association of Blood Banks.

  16. Deferred rotation harvests in central Appalachia: 20- and 25-year results

    Treesearch

    Melissa Thomas-Van Gundy; Thomas M. Schuler

    2008-01-01

    In deferment harvest, two distinct age classes are created and the residual trees remain after establishment of the second cohort. The 20- or 25-year preliminary results from four deferment areas are described. For each area, volume and growth in the residual trees and new cohort, and structure and composition of the new cohort are presented. We also address whether...

  17. 78 FR 39973 - Application of Section 108(i) to Partnerships and S Corporations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-03

    ... (AAA), as defined in section 1368(e)(1), of an S corporation partner that has a deferred amount with... amount in the taxable year of the reacquisition. The AAA of an S corporation partner is not decreased by its share of any deferred OID deduction in the taxable year in which the deferred OID accrues. The AAA...

  18. 26 CFR 1.453-4 - Sale of real property involving deferred periodic payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., for the purpose of determining whether a sale is on the installment plan, be included as a part of the... 26 Internal Revenue 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sale of real property involving deferred... Included § 1.453-4 Sale of real property involving deferred periodic payments. (a) In general. Sales of...

  19. A burn center paradigm to fulfill deferred consent public disclosure and community consultation requirements for emergency care research.

    PubMed

    Blackford, Martha G; Falletta, Lynn; Andrews, David A; Reed, Michael D

    2012-09-01

    To fulfill Food and Drug Administration and Department of Health and Human Services emergency care research informed consent requirements, our burn center planned and executed a deferred consent strategy gaining Institutional Review Board (IRB) approval to proceed with the clinical study. These federal regulations dictate public disclosure and community consultation unique to acute care research. Our regional burn center developed and implemented a deferred consent public notification and community consultation paradigm appropriate for a burn study. Published accounts of deferred consent strategies focus on acute care resuscitation practices. We adapted those strategies to design and conduct a comprehensive public notification/community consultation plan to satisfy deferred consent requirements for burn center research. To implement a robust media campaign we engaged the hospital's public relations department, distributed media materials, recruited hospital staff for speaking engagements, enlisted community volunteers, and developed initiatives to inform "hard-to-reach" populations. The hospital's IRB determined we fulfilled our obligation to notify the defined community. Our communication strategy should provide a paradigm other burn centers may appropriate and adapt when planning and executing a deferred consent initiative. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

  20. Convenient determination of luminescence quantum yield using a combined electronic absorption and emission spectrometer

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Prakash, John; Mishra, Ashok Kumar

    2016-01-15

    It is possible to measure luminescence quantum yield in a facile way, by designing an optical spectrometer capable of obtaining electronic absorption as well as luminescence spectra, with a setup that uses the same light source and detector for both the spectral measurements. Employment of a single light source and single detector enables use of the same correction factor profile for spectral corrections. A suitable instrumental scaling factor is used for adjusting spectral losses.

  1. Using water raman intensity to determine the effective excitation and emission path lengths of fluorophotometers for correcting fluorescence inner filter effect

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Fluorescence and Raman inner filter effects (IFE) cause spectral distortion and nonlinearity between spectral signal intensity with increasing analyte concentration. Convenient and effective correction of fluorescence IFE has been an active research goal for decades. Presented herein is the finding ...

  2. Ambiguity in running spectral index with an extra light field during inflation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kohri, Kazunori; Matsuda, Tomohiro, E-mail: kohri@post.kek.jp, E-mail: matsuda@sit.ac.jp

    At the beginning of inflation there could be extra dynamical scalar fields that will soon disappear (become static) before the end of inflation. In the light of multi-field inflation, those extra degrees of freedom may alter the time-dependence of the original spectrum of the curvature perturbation. It is possible to remove such fields introducing extra number of e-foldings prior to 0N{sub e}∼ 6, however such extra e-foldings may make the trans-Planckian problem worse due to the Lyth bound. We show that such extra scalar fields can change the running of the spectral index to give correction of ± 0.01 without adding significantmore » contribution to the spectral index. The corrections to the spectral index (and the amplitude) could be important in considering global behavior of the corrected spectrum, although they can be neglected in the estimation of the spectrum and its spectral index at the pivot scale. The ambiguity in the running of the spectral index, which could be due to such fields, can be used to nullify tension between BICEP2 and Planck experiments.« less

  3. Environmental Restoration (ER) Consolidated Quarterly Report_April to June 2017_ October 2017

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, John R.

    2017-10-01

    This Environmental Restoration Operations (ER) Consolidated Quarterly Report (ER Quarterly Report) provides the status of ongoing corrective action activities being implemented at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) during the April, May, and June 2017 quarterly reporting period. Table I-1 lists the Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) and Areas of Concern (AOCs) identified for corrective action at SNL/NM. Sections I.2.1 and I.2.2 summarize the work completed during this quarter. Section I.2.1 summarizes the quarterly activities at sites undergoing corrective action field activities. Field activities are conducted at the three groundwater AOCs (Burn Site Groundwater [BSG AOC], Technical Area [TA]-V Groundwatermore » [TAVG AOC], and Tijeras Arroyo Groundwater [TAG AOC]). Section I.2.2 summarizes quarterly activities at sites where the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) Hazardous Waste Bureau (HWB) issued a certificate of completion and the sites are in the corrective action complete (CAC) regulatory process. Currently, SWMUs 8 and 58, 68, 149, 154, and 502 are in the CAC regulatory process. Corrective action activities are deferred at the Long Sled Track (SWMU 83), the Gun Facilities (SWMU 84), and the Short Sled Track (SWMU 240) because these three sites are active mission facilities. These three active mission sites are located in TA-III.« less

  4. Adaptation of a Hyperspectral Atmospheric Correction Algorithm for Multi-spectral Ocean Color Data in Coastal Waters. Chapter 3

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gao, Bo-Cai; Montes, Marcos J.; Davis, Curtiss O.

    2003-01-01

    This SIMBIOS contract supports several activities over its three-year time-span. These include certain computational aspects of atmospheric correction, including the modification of our hyperspectral atmospheric correction algorithm Tafkaa for various multi-spectral instruments, such as SeaWiFS, MODIS, and GLI. Additionally, since absorbing aerosols are becoming common in many coastal areas, we are making the model calculations to incorporate various absorbing aerosol models into tables used by our Tafkaa atmospheric correction algorithm. Finally, we have developed the algorithms to use MODIS data to characterize thin cirrus effects on aerosol retrieval.

  5. GIFTS SM EDU Level 1B Algorithms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tian, Jialin; Gazarik, Michael J.; Reisse, Robert A.; Johnson, David G.

    2007-01-01

    The Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) SensorModule (SM) Engineering Demonstration Unit (EDU) is a high resolution spectral imager designed to measure infrared (IR) radiances using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The GIFTS instrument employs three focal plane arrays (FPAs), which gather measurements across the long-wave IR (LWIR), short/mid-wave IR (SMWIR), and visible spectral bands. The raw interferogram measurements are radiometrically and spectrally calibrated to produce radiance spectra, which are further processed to obtain atmospheric profiles via retrieval algorithms. This paper describes the GIFTS SM EDU Level 1B algorithms involved in the calibration. The GIFTS Level 1B calibration procedures can be subdivided into four blocks. In the first block, the measured raw interferograms are first corrected for the detector nonlinearity distortion, followed by the complex filtering and decimation procedure. In the second block, a phase correction algorithm is applied to the filtered and decimated complex interferograms. The resulting imaginary part of the spectrum contains only the noise component of the uncorrected spectrum. Additional random noise reduction can be accomplished by applying a spectral smoothing routine to the phase-corrected spectrum. The phase correction and spectral smoothing operations are performed on a set of interferogram scans for both ambient and hot blackbody references. To continue with the calibration, we compute the spectral responsivity based on the previous results, from which, the calibrated ambient blackbody (ABB), hot blackbody (HBB), and scene spectra can be obtained. We now can estimate the noise equivalent spectral radiance (NESR) from the calibrated ABB and HBB spectra. The correction schemes that compensate for the fore-optics offsets and off-axis effects are also implemented. In the third block, we developed an efficient method of generating pixel performance assessments. In addition, a random pixel selection scheme is designed based on the pixel performance evaluation. Finally, in the fourth block, the single pixel algorithms are applied to the entire FPA.

  6. Spectral functions with the density matrix renormalization group: Krylov-space approach for correction vectors

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    None, None

    Frequency-dependent correlations, such as the spectral function and the dynamical structure factor, help illustrate condensed matter experiments. Within the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) framework, an accurate method for calculating spectral functions directly in frequency is the correction-vector method. The correction vector can be computed by solving a linear equation or by minimizing a functional. Our paper proposes an alternative to calculate the correction vector: to use the Krylov-space approach. This paper also studies the accuracy and performance of the Krylov-space approach, when applied to the Heisenberg, the t-J, and the Hubbard models. The cases we studied indicate that themore » Krylov-space approach can be more accurate and efficient than the conjugate gradient, and that the error of the former integrates best when a Krylov-space decomposition is also used for ground state DMRG.« less

  7. Spectral functions with the density matrix renormalization group: Krylov-space approach for correction vectors

    DOE PAGES

    None, None

    2016-11-21

    Frequency-dependent correlations, such as the spectral function and the dynamical structure factor, help illustrate condensed matter experiments. Within the density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) framework, an accurate method for calculating spectral functions directly in frequency is the correction-vector method. The correction vector can be computed by solving a linear equation or by minimizing a functional. Our paper proposes an alternative to calculate the correction vector: to use the Krylov-space approach. This paper also studies the accuracy and performance of the Krylov-space approach, when applied to the Heisenberg, the t-J, and the Hubbard models. The cases we studied indicate that themore » Krylov-space approach can be more accurate and efficient than the conjugate gradient, and that the error of the former integrates best when a Krylov-space decomposition is also used for ground state DMRG.« less

  8. Identification of Terrestrial Reflectance From Remote Sensing

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Alter-Gartenberg, Rachel; Nolf, Scott R.; Stacy, Kathryn (Technical Monitor)

    2000-01-01

    Correcting for atmospheric effects is an essential part of surface-reflectance recovery from radiance measurements. Model-based atmospheric correction techniques enable an accurate identification and classification of terrestrial reflectances from multi-spectral imagery. Successful and efficient removal of atmospheric effects from remote-sensing data is a key factor in the success of Earth observation missions. This report assesses the performance, robustness and sensitivity of two atmospheric-correction and reflectance-recovery techniques as part of an end-to-end simulation of hyper-spectral acquisition, identification and classification.

  9. Quantification of hepatic steatosis with T1-independent, T2-corrected MR imaging with spectral modeling of fat: blinded comparison with MR spectroscopy.

    PubMed

    Meisamy, Sina; Hines, Catherine D G; Hamilton, Gavin; Sirlin, Claude B; McKenzie, Charles A; Yu, Huanzhou; Brittain, Jean H; Reeder, Scott B

    2011-03-01

    To prospectively compare an investigational version of a complex-based chemical shift-based fat fraction magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method with MR spectroscopy for the quantification of hepatic steatosis. This study was approved by the institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Written informed consent was obtained before all studies. Fifty-five patients (31 women, 24 men; age range, 24-71 years) were prospectively imaged at 1.5 T with quantitative MR imaging and single-voxel MR spectroscopy, each within a single breath hold. The effects of T2 correction, spectral modeling of fat, and magnitude fitting for eddy current correction on fat quantification with MR imaging were investigated by reconstructing fat fraction images from the same source data with different combinations of error correction. Single-voxel T2-corrected MR spectroscopy was used to measure fat fraction and served as the reference standard. All MR spectroscopy data were postprocessed at a separate institution by an MR physicist who was blinded to MR imaging results. Fat fractions measured with MR imaging and MR spectroscopy were compared statistically to determine the correlation (r(2)), and the slope and intercept as measures of agreement between MR imaging and MR spectroscopy fat fraction measurements, to determine whether MR imaging can help quantify fat, and examine the importance of T2 correction, spectral modeling of fat, and eddy current correction. Two-sided t tests (significance level, P = .05) were used to determine whether estimated slopes and intercepts were significantly different from 1.0 and 0.0, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the classification of clinically significant steatosis were evaluated. Overall, there was excellent correlation between MR imaging and MR spectroscopy for all reconstruction combinations. However, agreement was only achieved when T2 correction, spectral modeling of fat, and magnitude fitting for eddy current correction were used (r(2) = 0.99; slope ± standard deviation = 1.00 ± 0.01, P = .77; intercept ± standard deviation = 0.2% ± 0.1, P = .19). T1-independent chemical shift-based water-fat separation MR imaging methods can accurately quantify fat over the entire liver, by using MR spectroscopy as the reference standard, when T2 correction, spectral modeling of fat, and eddy current correction methods are used. © RSNA, 2011.

  10. Quantification of Hepatic Steatosis with T1-independent, T2*-corrected MR Imaging with Spectral Modeling of Fat: Blinded Comparison with MR Spectroscopy

    PubMed Central

    Hines, Catherine D. G.; Hamilton, Gavin; Sirlin, Claude B.; McKenzie, Charles A.; Yu, Huanzhou; Brittain, Jean H.; Reeder, Scott B.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: To prospectively compare an investigational version of a complex-based chemical shift–based fat fraction magnetic resonance (MR) imaging method with MR spectroscopy for the quantification of hepatic steatosis. Materials and Methods: This study was approved by the institutional review board and was HIPAA compliant. Written informed consent was obtained before all studies. Fifty-five patients (31 women, 24 men; age range, 24–71 years) were prospectively imaged at 1.5 T with quantitative MR imaging and single-voxel MR spectroscopy, each within a single breath hold. The effects of T2* correction, spectral modeling of fat, and magnitude fitting for eddy current correction on fat quantification with MR imaging were investigated by reconstructing fat fraction images from the same source data with different combinations of error correction. Single-voxel T2-corrected MR spectroscopy was used to measure fat fraction and served as the reference standard. All MR spectroscopy data were postprocessed at a separate institution by an MR physicist who was blinded to MR imaging results. Fat fractions measured with MR imaging and MR spectroscopy were compared statistically to determine the correlation (r2), and the slope and intercept as measures of agreement between MR imaging and MR spectroscopy fat fraction measurements, to determine whether MR imaging can help quantify fat, and examine the importance of T2* correction, spectral modeling of fat, and eddy current correction. Two-sided t tests (significance level, P = .05) were used to determine whether estimated slopes and intercepts were significantly different from 1.0 and 0.0, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity for the classification of clinically significant steatosis were evaluated. Results: Overall, there was excellent correlation between MR imaging and MR spectroscopy for all reconstruction combinations. However, agreement was only achieved when T2* correction, spectral modeling of fat, and magnitude fitting for eddy current correction were used (r2 = 0.99; slope ± standard deviation = 1.00 ± 0.01, P = .77; intercept ± standard deviation = 0.2% ± 0.1, P = .19). Conclusion: T1-independent chemical shift–based water-fat separation MR imaging methods can accurately quantify fat over the entire liver, by using MR spectroscopy as the reference standard, when T2* correction, spectral modeling of fat, and eddy current correction methods are used. © RSNA, 2011 PMID:21248233

  11. Randomized Trial Evaluating Ranibizumab Plus Prompt or Deferred Laser or Triamcinolone Plus Prompt Laser for Diabetic Macular Edema

    PubMed Central

    Elman, Michael J.; Aiello, Lloyd Paul; Beck, Roy W.; Bressler, Neil M.; Bressler, Susan B.; Edwards, Allison R.; Ferris, Frederick L.; Friedman, Scott M.; Glassman, Adam R.; Miller, Kellee M.; Scott, Ingrid U.; Stockdale, Cynthia R.; Sun, Jennifer K.

    2010-01-01

    Objective Evaluate intravitreal 0.5 mg ranibizumab or 4 mg triamcinolone combined with focal/grid laser compared with focal/grid laser alone for treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Design Multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Participants A total of 854 study eyes of 691 participants with visual acuity (approximate Snellen equivalent) of 20/32 to 20/320 and DME involving the fovea. Methods Eyes were randomized to sham injection + prompt laser (n=293), 0.5 mg ranibizumab + prompt laser (n=187), 0.5 mg ranibizumab + deferred (≥24 weeks) laser (n=188), or 4 mg triamcinolone + prompt laser (n=186). Retreatment followed an algorithm facilitated by a web-based, real-time data-entry system. Main Outcome Measures Best-corrected visual acuity and safety at 1 year. Results The 1-year mean change (±standard deviation) in the visual acuity letter score from baseline was significantly greater in the ranibizumab + prompt laser group (+9±11, P<0.001) and ranibizumab + deferred laser group (+9±12, P<0.001) but not in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group (+4±13, P=0.31) compared with the sham + prompt laser group (+3±13). Reduction in mean central subfield thickness in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group was similar to both ranibizumab groups and greater than in the sham + prompt laser group. In the subset of pseudophakic eyes at baseline (n=273), visual acuity improvement in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group appeared comparable to that in the ranibizumab groups. No systemic events attributable to study treatment were apparent. Three eyes (0.8%) had injection-related endophthalmitis in the ranibizumab groups, whereas elevated intraocular pressure and cataract surgery were more frequent in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group. Two-year visual acuity outcomes were similar to 1-year outcomes. Conclusions Intravitreal ranibizumab with prompt or deferred laser is more effective through at least 1 year compared with prompt laser alone for the treatment of DME involving the central macula. Ranibizumab as applied in this study, although uncommonly associated with endophthalmitis, should be considered for patients with DME and characteristics similar to those in this clinical trial. In pseudophakic eyes, intravitreal triamcinolone + prompt laser seems more effective than laser alone but frequently increases the risk of intraocular pressure elevation. PMID:20427088

  12. Randomized trial evaluating ranibizumab plus prompt or deferred laser or triamcinolone plus prompt laser for diabetic macular edema.

    PubMed

    Elman, Michael J; Aiello, Lloyd Paul; Beck, Roy W; Bressler, Neil M; Bressler, Susan B; Edwards, Allison R; Ferris, Frederick L; Friedman, Scott M; Glassman, Adam R; Miller, Kellee M; Scott, Ingrid U; Stockdale, Cynthia R; Sun, Jennifer K

    2010-06-01

    Evaluate intravitreal 0.5 mg ranibizumab or 4 mg triamcinolone combined with focal/grid laser compared with focal/grid laser alone for treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME). Multicenter, randomized clinical trial. A total of 854 study eyes of 691 participants with visual acuity (approximate Snellen equivalent) of 20/32 to 20/320 and DME involving the fovea. Eyes were randomized to sham injection + prompt laser (n=293), 0.5 mg ranibizumab + prompt laser (n=187), 0.5 mg ranibizumab + deferred (> or =24 weeks) laser (n=188), or 4 mg triamcinolone + prompt laser (n=186). Retreatment followed an algorithm facilitated by a web-based, real-time data-entry system. Best-corrected visual acuity and safety at 1 year. The 1-year mean change (+/-standard deviation) in the visual acuity letter score from baseline was significantly greater in the ranibizumab + prompt laser group (+9+/-11, P<0.001) and ranibizumab + deferred laser group (+9+/-12, P<0.001) but not in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group (+4+/-13, P=0.31) compared with the sham + prompt laser group (+3+/-13). Reduction in mean central subfield thickness in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group was similar to both ranibizumab groups and greater than in the sham + prompt laser group. In the subset of pseudophakic eyes at baseline (n=273), visual acuity improvement in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group appeared comparable to that in the ranibizumab groups. No systemic events attributable to study treatment were apparent. Three eyes (0.8%) had injection-related endophthalmitis in the ranibizumab groups, whereas elevated intraocular pressure and cataract surgery were more frequent in the triamcinolone + prompt laser group. Two-year visual acuity outcomes were similar to 1-year outcomes. Intravitreal ranibizumab with prompt or deferred laser is more effective through at least 1 year compared with prompt laser alone for the treatment of DME involving the central macula. Ranibizumab as applied in this study, although uncommonly associated with endophthalmitis, should be considered for patients with DME and characteristics similar to those in this clinical trial. In pseudophakic eyes, intravitreal triamcinolone + prompt laser seems more effective than laser alone but frequently increases the risk of intraocular pressure elevation. Copyright 2010 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  13. Image-based spectral distortion correction for photon-counting x-ray detectors

    PubMed Central

    Ding, Huanjun; Molloi, Sabee

    2012-01-01

    Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of using an image-based method to correct for distortions induced by various artifacts in the x-ray spectrum recorded with photon-counting detectors for their application in breast computed tomography (CT). Methods: The polyenergetic incident spectrum was simulated with the tungsten anode spectral model using the interpolating polynomials (TASMIP) code and carefully calibrated to match the x-ray tube in this study. Experiments were performed on a Cadmium-Zinc-Telluride (CZT) photon-counting detector with five energy thresholds. Energy bins were adjusted to evenly distribute the recorded counts above the noise floor. BR12 phantoms of various thicknesses were used for calibration. A nonlinear function was selected to fit the count correlation between the simulated and the measured spectra in the calibration process. To evaluate the proposed spectral distortion correction method, an empirical fitting derived from the calibration process was applied on the raw images recorded for polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) phantoms of 8.7, 48.8, and 100.0 mm. Both the corrected counts and the effective attenuation coefficient were compared to the simulated values for each of the five energy bins. The feasibility of applying the proposed method to quantitative material decomposition was tested using a dual-energy imaging technique with a three-material phantom that consisted of water, lipid, and protein. The performance of the spectral distortion correction method was quantified using the relative root-mean-square (RMS) error with respect to the expected values from simulations or areal analysis of the decomposition phantom. Results: The implementation of the proposed method reduced the relative RMS error of the output counts in the five energy bins with respect to the simulated incident counts from 23.0%, 33.0%, and 54.0% to 1.2%, 1.8%, and 7.7% for 8.7, 48.8, and 100.0 mm PMMA phantoms, respectively. The accuracy of the effective attenuation coefficient of PMMA estimate was also improved with the proposed spectral distortion correction. Finally, the relative RMS error of water, lipid, and protein decompositions in dual-energy imaging was significantly reduced from 53.4% to 6.8% after correction was applied. Conclusions: The study demonstrated that dramatic distortions in the recorded raw image yielded from a photon-counting detector could be expected, which presents great challenges for applying the quantitative material decomposition method in spectral CT. The proposed semi-empirical correction method can effectively reduce these errors caused by various artifacts, including pulse pileup and charge sharing effects. Furthermore, rather than detector-specific simulation packages, the method requires a relatively simple calibration process and knowledge about the incident spectrum. Therefore, it may be used as a generalized procedure for the spectral distortion correction of different photon-counting detectors in clinical breast CT systems. PMID:22482608

  14. Baseline Correction of Diffuse Reflection Near-Infrared Spectra Using Searching Region Standard Normal Variate (SRSNV).

    PubMed

    Genkawa, Takuma; Shinzawa, Hideyuki; Kato, Hideaki; Ishikawa, Daitaro; Murayama, Kodai; Komiyama, Makoto; Ozaki, Yukihiro

    2015-12-01

    An alternative baseline correction method for diffuse reflection near-infrared (NIR) spectra, searching region standard normal variate (SRSNV), was proposed. Standard normal variate (SNV) is an effective pretreatment method for baseline correction of diffuse reflection NIR spectra of powder and granular samples; however, its baseline correction performance depends on the NIR region used for SNV calculation. To search for an optimal NIR region for baseline correction using SNV, SRSNV employs moving window partial least squares regression (MWPLSR), and an optimal NIR region is identified based on the root mean square error (RMSE) of cross-validation of the partial least squares regression (PLSR) models with the first latent variable (LV). The performance of SRSNV was evaluated using diffuse reflection NIR spectra of mixture samples consisting of wheat flour and granular glucose (0-100% glucose at 5% intervals). From the obtained NIR spectra of the mixture in the 10 000-4000 cm(-1) region at 4 cm intervals (1501 spectral channels), a series of spectral windows consisting of 80 spectral channels was constructed, and then SNV spectra were calculated for each spectral window. Using these SNV spectra, a series of PLSR models with the first LV for glucose concentration was built. A plot of RMSE versus the spectral window position obtained using the PLSR models revealed that the 8680–8364 cm(-1) region was optimal for baseline correction using SNV. In the SNV spectra calculated using the 8680–8364 cm(-1) region (SRSNV spectra), a remarkable relative intensity change between a band due to wheat flour at 8500 cm(-1) and that due to glucose at 8364 cm(-1) was observed owing to successful baseline correction using SNV. A PLSR model with the first LV based on the SRSNV spectra yielded a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.999 and an RMSE of 0.70%, while a PLSR model with three LVs based on SNV spectra calculated in the full spectral region gave an R2 of 0.995 and an RMSE of 2.29%. Additional evaluation of SRSNV was carried out using diffuse reflection NIR spectra of marzipan and corn samples, and PLSR models based on SRSNV spectra showed good prediction results. These evaluation results indicate that SRSNV is effective in baseline correction of diffuse reflection NIR spectra and provides regression models with good prediction accuracy.

  15. Temperature-dependent spectral mismatch corrections

    DOE PAGES

    Osterwald, Carl R.; Campanelli, Mark; Moriarty, Tom; ...

    2015-11-01

    This study develops the mathematical foundation for a translation of solar cell short-circuit current from one thermal and spectral irradiance operating condition to another without the use of ill-defined and error-prone temperature coefficients typically employed in solar cell metrology. Using the partial derivative of quantum efficiency with respect to temperature, the conventional isothermal expression for spectral mismatch corrections is modified to account for changes of current due to temperature; this modification completely eliminates the need for short-circuit-current temperature coefficients. An example calculation is provided to demonstrate use of the new translation.

  16. [Spectral scatter correction of coal samples based on quasi-linear local weighted method].

    PubMed

    Lei, Meng; Li, Ming; Ma, Xiao-Ping; Miao, Yan-Zi; Wang, Jian-Sheng

    2014-07-01

    The present paper puts forth a new spectral correction method based on quasi-linear expression and local weighted function. The first stage of the method is to search 3 quasi-linear expressions to replace the original linear expression in MSC method, such as quadratic, cubic and growth curve expression. Then the local weighted function is constructed by introducing 4 kernel functions, such as Gaussian, Epanechnikov, Biweight and Triweight kernel function. After adding the function in the basic estimation equation, the dependency between the original and ideal spectra is described more accurately and meticulously at each wavelength point. Furthermore, two analytical models were established respectively based on PLS and PCA-BP neural network method, which can be used for estimating the accuracy of corrected spectra. At last, the optimal correction mode was determined by the analytical results with different combination of quasi-linear expression and local weighted function. The spectra of the same coal sample have different noise ratios while the coal sample was prepared under different particle sizes. To validate the effectiveness of this method, the experiment analyzed the correction results of 3 spectral data sets with the particle sizes of 0.2, 1 and 3 mm. The results show that the proposed method can eliminate the scattering influence, and also can enhance the information of spectral peaks. This paper proves a more efficient way to enhance the correlation between corrected spectra and coal qualities significantly, and improve the accuracy and stability of the analytical model substantially.

  17. An analytical X-ray CdTe detector response matrix for incomplete charge collection correction for photon energies up to 300 keV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurková, Dana; Judas, Libor

    2018-05-01

    Gamma and X-ray energy spectra measured with semiconductor detectors suffer from various distortions, one of them being so-called "tailing" caused by an incomplete charge collection. Using the Hecht equation, a response matrix of size 321 × 321 was constructed which was used to correct the effect of incomplete charge collection. The correction matrix was constructed analytically for an arbitrary energy bin and the size of the energy bin thus defines the width of the spectral window. The correction matrix can be applied separately from other possible spectral corrections or it can be incorporated into an already existing response matrix of the detector. The correction was tested and its adjustable parameters were optimized on the line spectra of 57Co measured with a cadmium telluride (CdTe) detector in a spectral range from 0 up to 160 keV. The best results were obtained when the values of the free path of holes were spread over a range from 0.4 to 1.0 cm and weighted by a Gauss function. The model with the optimized parameter values was then used to correct the line spectra of 152Eu in a spectral range from 0 up to 530 keV. An improvement in the energy resolution at full width at half maximum from 2.40 % ± 0.28 % to 0.96 % ± 0.28 % was achieved at 344.27 keV. Spectra of "narrow spectrum series" beams, N120, N150, N200, N250 and N300, generated with tube voltages of 120 kV, 150 kV, 200 kV, 250 kV and 300 kV respectively, and measured with the CdTe detector, were corrected in the spectral range from 0 to 160 keV (N120 and N150) and from 0 to 530 keV (N200, N250, N300). All the measured spectra correspond both qualitatively and quantitatively to the available reference data after the correction. To obtain better correspondence between N150, N200, N250 and N300 spectra and the reference data, lower values of the free paths of holes (range from 0.16 to 0.65 cm) were used for X-ray spectra correction, which suggests energy dependence of the phenomenon.

  18. Next Generation MODTRAN for Improved Atmospheric Correction of Spectral Imagery

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-01-29

    DoD operational and research sensor and data processing systems, particularly those involving the removal of atmospheric effects, commonly referred...atmospheric correction process. Given the ever increasing capabilities of spectral sensors to quickly generate enormous quantities of data, combined...many DoD operational and research sensor and data processing systems, particularly those involving the removal of atmospheric effects, commonly

  19. The correction for spectral mismatch effects on the calibration of a solar cell when using a solar simulator

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Seaman, C. H.

    1981-01-01

    A general expression was derived to enable calculation of the calibration error. The information required includes the relative spectral response of the reference cell, the relative spectral response of the cell under test, and the relative spectral irradiance of the simulator (over the spectral range defined by cell response). The spectral irradiance of the solar AMX is assumed to be known.

  20. Effect of deferred or no treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid in patients with early primary biliary cholangitis.

    PubMed

    Tanaka, Atsushi; Hirohara, Junko; Nakano, Toshiaki; Yagi, Minami; Namisaki, Tadashi; Yoshiji, Hitoshi; Nakanuma, Yasuni; Takikawa, Hajime

    2018-02-06

    As primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is a heterogeneous disease, we hypothesized that there is a population of patients with early PBC who do not require prompt treatment with ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA). In this study, we analyzed data from a large-scale PBC cohort in Japan, and retrospectively investigated whether outcomes of early PBC patients were affected with prompt or deferred/no UDCA treatment. We defined early PBC as asymptomatic, serum alkaline phosphatase <1.67-fold the upper limit of normal, normal bilirubin, and histological stages I-II at presentation. We compared the outcomes of early PBC patients between the treatment regimens; prompt treatment group (UDCA was initiated within 1 year after diagnosis) and deferred/no treatment group (UDCA initiated >1 year after diagnosis or never initiated). Furthermore, we examined the outcomes of early PBC patients alternatively defined only with symptomatology and biochemistry. We identified 562 early PBC patients (prompt: n = 509; deferred/no treatment: n = 53). Incidence rates (per 1000 patient-years) for liver-related mortality or liver transplantation and decompensating events were 0.5 and 5.4, respectively, in the prompt treatment group, and 0 and 8.7, respectively, in the deferred/no treatment group. Multivariate analyses showed that age and bilirubin were significantly associated with developing decompensating events, whereas the prompt and deferred/no treatments were not. We obtained similar results in early PBC patients defined without histological examination. We showed that deferred/no treatment for early PBC patients did not affect the outcomes. This study provides a rationale for a future prospective, randomized study. © 2018 The Japan Society of Hepatology.

  1. Successful Combination of Nucleic Acid Amplification Test Diagnostics and Targeted Deferred Neisseria gonorrhoeae Culture

    PubMed Central

    Wind, Carolien M.; de Vries, Henry J. C.; Schim van der Loeff, Maarten F.; Unemo, Magnus

    2015-01-01

    Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are recommended for the diagnosis of N. gonorrhoeae infections because of their superior sensitivity. Increasing NAAT use causes a decline in crucial antimicrobial resistance (AMR) surveillance data, which rely on culture. We analyzed the suitability of the ESwab system for NAAT diagnostics and deferred targeted N. gonorrhoeae culture to allow selective and efficient culture based on NAAT results. We included patients visiting the STI Clinic Amsterdam, The Netherlands, in 2013. Patient characteristics and urogenital and rectal samples for direct N. gonorrhoeae culture, standard NAAT, and ESwab were collected. Standard NAAT and NAAT on ESwab samples were performed using the Aptima Combo 2 assay for N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis. Two deferred N. gonorrhoeae cultures were performed on NAAT-positive ESwab samples after storage at 4°C for 1 to 3 days. We included 2,452 samples from 1,893 patients. In the standard NAAT, 107 samples were N. gonorrhoeae positive and 284 were C. trachomatis positive. The sensitivities of NAAT on ESwab samples were 83% (95% confidence interval [CI], 75 to 90%) and 87% (95% CI, 82 to 90%), respectively. ESwab samples were available for 98 of the gonorrhea-positive samples. Of these, 82% were positive in direct culture and 69% and 56% were positive in the 1st and 2nd deferred cultures, respectively (median storage times, 27 and 48 h, respectively). Deferred culture was more often successful in urogenital samples or when the patient had symptoms at the sampling site. Deferred N. gonorrhoeae culture of stored ESwab samples is feasible and enables AMR surveillance. To limit the loss in NAAT sensitivity, we recommend obtaining separate samples for NAAT and deferred culture. PMID:25832300

  2. Speed and accuracy improvements in FLAASH atmospheric correction of hyperspectral imagery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perkins, Timothy; Adler-Golden, Steven; Matthew, Michael W.; Berk, Alexander; Bernstein, Lawrence S.; Lee, Jamine; Fox, Marsha

    2012-11-01

    Remotely sensed spectral imagery of the earth's surface can be used to fullest advantage when the influence of the atmosphere has been removed and the measurements are reduced to units of reflectance. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the latest version of the Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes atmospheric correction algorithm. We also report some new code improvements for speed and accuracy. These include the re-working of the original algorithm in C-language code parallelized with message passing interface and containing a new radiative transfer look-up table option, which replaces executions of the MODTRAN model. With computation times now as low as ~10 s per image per computer processor, automated, real-time, on-board atmospheric correction of hyper- and multi-spectral imagery is within reach.

  3. The Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (3rd). Staff Studies and Selected Supporting Papers. Volume 10. Total Compensation Setting

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1977-01-01

    Deferred Supplemental Benefits 3. Military Leave 4. Holidays 5. The Medical Absence 6. Military Leave, Holidays and Medical Absence Value 7...Intemperate Use of Alcohol or Drugs o Income Tax Deferment fo*- Members in a Missing Status o Assimilation of Pay and Allowances o...93-406. Sept. 20, 1974) The present value of the immediate or deferred benefits available at normal retirement age for participants and their

  4. GIFTS SM EDU Data Processing and Algorithms

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tian, Jialin; Johnson, David G.; Reisse, Robert A.; Gazarik, Michael J.

    2007-01-01

    The Geosynchronous Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer (GIFTS) Sensor Module (SM) Engineering Demonstration Unit (EDU) is a high resolution spectral imager designed to measure infrared (IR) radiances using a Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS). The GIFTS instrument employs three Focal Plane Arrays (FPAs), which gather measurements across the long-wave IR (LWIR), short/mid-wave IR (SMWIR), and visible spectral bands. The raw interferogram measurements are radiometrically and spectrally calibrated to produce radiance spectra, which are further processed to obtain atmospheric profiles via retrieval algorithms. This paper describes the processing algorithms involved in the calibration stage. The calibration procedures can be subdivided into three stages. In the pre-calibration stage, a phase correction algorithm is applied to the decimated and filtered complex interferogram. The resulting imaginary part of the spectrum contains only the noise component of the uncorrected spectrum. Additional random noise reduction can be accomplished by applying a spectral smoothing routine to the phase-corrected blackbody reference spectra. In the radiometric calibration stage, we first compute the spectral responsivity based on the previous results, from which, the calibrated ambient blackbody (ABB), hot blackbody (HBB), and scene spectra can be obtained. During the post-processing stage, we estimate the noise equivalent spectral radiance (NESR) from the calibrated ABB and HBB spectra. We then implement a correction scheme that compensates for the effect of fore-optics offsets. Finally, for off-axis pixels, the FPA off-axis effects correction is performed. To estimate the performance of the entire FPA, we developed an efficient method of generating pixel performance assessments. In addition, a random pixel selection scheme is designed based on the pixel performance evaluation.

  5. 34 CFR 682.210 - Deferment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... provide information, including an example, on the impact of capitalization of accrued, unpaid interest on... applicable, the post-deferment grace period expire, a borrower resumes any delinquency status that existed...

  6. Parental Refusal of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine.

    PubMed

    DiAnna Kinder, Frances

    The purpose of this study was to explore reasons why parents may defer administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine to their children. The literature suggests that parents choose to defer administration of this vaccine for several reasons. Data from this pilot study will contribute to our understanding of why parents defer administration of the vaccine. This mixed-methods study took place in a pediatric practice. After a health care visit in which the vaccine was deferred, a survey was provided to the parent in a private room. The survey was confidential and anonymous. A total of 23 surveys were completed. Demographic data were reported. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics and themes from open-ended questions. The majority of parents (75%) deferred administration of the HPV vaccine because they believed it was too new or required further research. Nurse practitioners are in an excellent position to dispel myths and clarify information about HPV vaccination. The data are useful in communicating with parents and promoting best practices to facilitate good health in children. Copyright © 2016 National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. A New Method for Atmospheric Correction of MRO/CRISM Data.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Noe Dobrea, Eldar Z.; Dressing, C.; Wolff, M. J.

    2009-09-01

    The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) aboard the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) collects hyperspectral images from 0.362 to 3.92 μm at 6.55 nanometers/channel, and at a spatial resolution of 20 m/pixel. The 1-2.6 μm spectral range is often used to identify and map the distribution of hydrous minerals using mineralogically diagnostic bands at 1.4 μm, 1.9 μm, and 2 - 2.5 micron region. Atmospheric correction of the 2-μm CO2 band typically employs the same methodology applied to OMEGA data (Mustard et al., Nature 454, 2008): an atmospheric opacity spectrum, obtained from the ratio of spectra from the base to spectra from the peak of Olympus Mons, is rescaled for each spectrum in the observation to fit the 2-μm CO2 band, and is subsequently used to correct the data. Three important aspects are not considered in this correction: 1) absorptions due to water vapor are improperly accounted for, 2) the band-center of each channel shifts slightly with time, and 3) multiple scattering due to atmospheric aerosols is not considered. The second issue results in miss-registration of the sharp CO2 features in the 2-μm triplet, and hence poor atmospheric correction. This leads to the necessity to ratio all spectra using the spectrum of a spectrally "bland” region in each observation in order to distinguish features 1.9 μm. Here, we present an improved atmospheric correction method, which uses emission phase function (EPF) observations to correct for molecular opacity, and a discrete ordinate radiative transfer algorithm (DISORT - Stamnes et al., Appl. Opt. 27, 1988) to correct for the effects of multiple scattering. This method results in a significant improvement in the correction of the 2-μm CO2 band, allowing us to forgo the use of spectral ratios that affect the spectral shape and preclude the derivation of reflectance values in the data.

  8. Maintenance Deferred.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kennedy, Mike

    2000-01-01

    Discusses how colleges and universities are scrambling to catch up on deferred maintenance before the backlog becomes overwhelming. The problems, and some solutions, for acquiring repair funding and collecting needs data are addressed. (GR)

  9. The Deferred Maintenance Dilemma.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Medlin, E. Lander

    2003-01-01

    Discusses the hazards of the trend toward accumulated deferred maintenance in higher education and offers advice on tying facilities needs and issues to the core strategies and goals of the institution. (EV)

  10. Anisotropic determination and correction for ultrasonic flaw detection by spectral analysis

    DOEpatents

    Adler, Laszlo; Von Cook, K.; Simpson, Jr., William A.; Lewis, D. Kent

    1978-01-01

    The anisotropic nature of a material is determined by measuring the velocity of an ultrasonic longitudinal wave and a pair of perpendicular ultrasonic shear waves through a sample of the material each at a plurality of different angles in three planes orthogonal to each other. The determined anisotropic nature is used as a correction factor in a spectral analyzing system of flaw determination.

  11. Quantum corrections to Bekenstein-Hawking black hole entropy and gravity partition functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bytsenko, A. A.; Tureanu, A.

    2013-08-01

    Algebraic aspects of the computation of partition functions for quantum gravity and black holes in AdS3 are discussed. We compute the sub-leading quantum corrections to the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy. It is shown that the quantum corrections to the classical result can be included systematically by making use of the comparison with conformal field theory partition functions, via the AdS3/CFT2 correspondence. This leads to a better understanding of the role of modular and spectral functions, from the point of view of the representation theory of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras. Besides, the sum of known quantum contributions to the partition function can be presented in a closed form, involving the Patterson-Selberg spectral function. These contributions can be reproduced in a holomorphically factorized theory whose partition functions are associated with the formal characters of the Virasoro modules. We propose a spectral function formulation for quantum corrections to the elliptic genus from supergravity states.

  12. Solution to the spectral filter problem of residual terrain modelling (RTM)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rexer, Moritz; Hirt, Christian; Bucha, Blažej; Holmes, Simon

    2018-06-01

    In physical geodesy, the residual terrain modelling (RTM) technique is frequently used for high-frequency gravity forward modelling. In the RTM technique, a detailed elevation model is high-pass-filtered in the topography domain, which is not equivalent to filtering in the gravity domain. This in-equivalence, denoted as spectral filter problem of the RTM technique, gives rise to two imperfections (errors). The first imperfection is unwanted low-frequency (LF) gravity signals, and the second imperfection is missing high-frequency (HF) signals in the forward-modelled RTM gravity signal. This paper presents new solutions to the RTM spectral filter problem. Our solutions are based on explicit modelling of the two imperfections via corrections. The HF correction is computed using spectral domain gravity forward modelling that delivers the HF gravity signal generated by the long-wavelength RTM reference topography. The LF correction is obtained from pre-computed global RTM gravity grids that are low-pass-filtered using surface or solid spherical harmonics. A numerical case study reveals maximum absolute signal strengths of ˜ 44 mGal (0.5 mGal RMS) for the HF correction and ˜ 33 mGal (0.6 mGal RMS) for the LF correction w.r.t. a degree-2160 reference topography within the data coverage of the SRTM topography model (56°S ≤ φ ≤ 60°N). Application of the LF and HF corrections to pre-computed global gravity models (here the GGMplus gravity maps) demonstrates the efficiency of the new corrections over topographically rugged terrain. Over Switzerland, consideration of the HF and LF corrections reduced the RMS of the residuals between GGMplus and ground-truth gravity from 4.41 to 3.27 mGal, which translates into ˜ 26% improvement. Over a second test area (Canada), our corrections reduced the RMS of the residuals between GGMplus and ground-truth gravity from 5.65 to 5.30 mGal (˜ 6% improvement). Particularly over Switzerland, geophysical signals (associated, e.g. with valley fillings) were found to stand out more clearly in the RTM-reduced gravity measurements when the HF and LF correction are taken into account. In summary, the new RTM filter corrections can be easily computed and applied to improve the spectral filter characteristics of the popular RTM approach. Benefits are expected, e.g. in the context of the development of future ultra-high-resolution global gravity models, smoothing of observed gravity data in mountainous terrain and geophysical interpretations of RTM-reduced gravity measurements.

  13. Help Is Available on Tax-Deferred Annuity Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    School Administrator, 1985

    1985-01-01

    Briefly reviews different types of tax-deferred annuities (TDA's) and describes the National Education Association's TDA Studies--comparative analyses of specific fixed, variable, and qualified mutual fund annuity packages. (PGD)

  14. Elbasvir plus grazoprevir in patients with hepatitis C virus infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease: clinical, virological, and health-related quality-of-life outcomes from a phase 3, multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Bruchfeld, Annette; Roth, David; Martin, Paul; Nelson, David R; Pol, Stanislas; Londoño, Maria-Carlota; Monsour, Howard; Silva, Marcelo; Hwang, Peggy; Arduino, Jean-Marie; Robertson, Michael; Nguyen, Bach-Yen; Wahl, Janice; Barr, Eliav; Greaves, Wayne

    2017-08-01

    In the C-SURFER study, therapy with the all-oral elbasvir plus grazoprevir regimen for 12 weeks in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease resulted in a high rate of virological cure compared with placebo. Here, we report sustained virological response (SVR), safety data, health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL), and virological resistance analyses in patients in C-SURFER who received immediate antiviral therapy or who received placebo before therapy. In this phase 3, multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled study, we randomly assigned adults with HCV genotype 1 infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease enrolled at 68 centres worldwide to either elbasvir 50 mg plus grazoprevir 100 mg once per day for 12 weeks (immediate treatment group) or placebo for 12 weeks followed by elbasvir 50 mg plus grazoprevir 100 mg once per day for 12 weeks beginning at week 16 (deferred treatment group). The primary safety and efficacy endpoints for the immediate treatment group and placebo phase of the deferred treatment group have been reported previously. Here, we report safety and efficacy data for the treatment phase of the deferred treatment group, as well as HRQOL assessed using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey for all groups, and baseline and treatment-emergent resistance-associated substitutions (RASs). SVR at 12 weeks (SVR12) was assessed in the modified full analysis set (FAS), defined as all patients excluding those who did not receive at least one dose of study drug, who died, or who discontinued the study before the end of treatment for reasons determined to be unrelated to HCV treatment. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, Number NCT02092350. Between March 30 and Nov 28, 2014, 235 patients were enrolled and received at least one dose of study drug. The modified FAS included 116 patients assigned to immediate treatment and 99 assigned to deferred treatment. 115 (99·1%; 95% CI 95·3-100·0) of 116 assigned to immediate treatment achieved SVR12 compared with 97 (98·0%; 92·9-99·7) of 99 assigned to deferred treatment. In patients with genotype 1a infections, SVR12 was achieved by 11 (84·6%) of 13 patients with detectable baseline NS5A RASs and in 98 (100%) of 98 without. HRQOL did not differ at week 12 between immediate treatment and the placebo phase of deferred treatment. Safety was generally similar between patients receiving immediate treatment and those receiving placebo in the deferred treatment group. One serious adverse event during deferred treatment (interstitial nephritis) and one during the placebo phase of deferred treatment (raised lipase concentration) were deemed related to study drug. Four patients died, one who received immediate treatment (cardiac arrest) and three who received deferred treatment (aortic aneurysm, pneumonia, and unknown cause); all four deaths were considered unrelated to study drugs. Of the three deaths in the deferred treatment group, one occurred during placebo treatment and two occurred before starting active treatment. There were no notable differences in aminotransferase elevations in the deferred treatment group compared with the immediate treatment group, and no patients in the deferred treatment group had total bilirubin elevations. These data add to the growing body of clinical evidence for the fixed-dose combination regimen of elbasvir plus grazoprevir for 12 weeks and support use of this therapy in patients with HCV genotype 1 infection and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease. Merck Sharp & Dohme. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. 24 CFR 886.105 - Content of application; Disclosure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) For projects having a history of financial default, financial difficulties or deferred maintenance, a plan and a schedule for remedying such defaulted or deferred obligations; (e) Total number of units by...

  16. 24 CFR 886.105 - Content of application; Disclosure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) For projects having a history of financial default, financial difficulties or deferred maintenance, a plan and a schedule for remedying such defaulted or deferred obligations; (e) Total number of units by...

  17. 24 CFR 886.105 - Content of application; Disclosure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) For projects having a history of financial default, financial difficulties or deferred maintenance, a plan and a schedule for remedying such defaulted or deferred obligations; (e) Total number of units by...

  18. 24 CFR 886.105 - Content of application; Disclosure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) For projects having a history of financial default, financial difficulties or deferred maintenance, a plan and a schedule for remedying such defaulted or deferred obligations; (e) Total number of units by...

  19. Deferred Maintenance Strategies You Must Try.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sturgeon, Julie

    2000-01-01

    Discusses how some college administrators have found "over-the-counter" cures for deferred maintenance problems resulting from budgeting shortfalls. Catch-up approaches discussed include those involving planning, prioritizing, partnering, and gift giving. (GR)

  20. 47 CFR 32.4300 - Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4300 Other long-term liabilities and deferred credits. (a) This account shall...

  1. 47 CFR 32.4100 - Net current deferred operating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4100 Net current deferred operating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance...

  2. 12 CFR 615.5209 - Deferred-tax assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... within that year. (4) Financial projections must include the estimated effect of tax-planning strategies.... (5) The deferred tax effects of any unrealized holding gains and losses on available-for-sale debt...

  3. Planck 2013 results. IX. HFI spectral response

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Planck Collaboration; Ade, P. A. R.; Aghanim, N.; Armitage-Caplan, C.; Arnaud, M.; Ashdown, M.; Atrio-Barandela, F.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Banday, A. J.; Barreiro, R. B.; Battaner, E.; Benabed, K.; Benoît, A.; Benoit-Lévy, A.; Bernard, J.-P.; Bersanelli, M.; Bielewicz, P.; Bobin, J.; Bock, J. J.; Bond, J. R.; Borrill, J.; Bouchet, F. R.; Boulanger, F.; Bridges, M.; Bucher, M.; Burigana, C.; Cardoso, J.-F.; Catalano, A.; Challinor, A.; Chamballu, A.; Chary, R.-R.; Chen, X.; Chiang, H. C.; Chiang, L.-Y.; Christensen, P. R.; Church, S.; Clements, D. L.; Colombi, S.; Colombo, L. P. L.; Combet, C.; Comis, B.; Couchot, F.; Coulais, A.; Crill, B. P.; Curto, A.; Cuttaia, F.; Danese, L.; Davies, R. D.; de Bernardis, P.; de Rosa, A.; de Zotti, G.; Delabrouille, J.; Delouis, J.-M.; Désert, F.-X.; Dickinson, C.; Diego, J. M.; Dole, H.; Donzelli, S.; Doré, O.; Douspis, M.; Dupac, X.; Efstathiou, G.; Enßlin, T. A.; Eriksen, H. K.; Falgarone, E.; Finelli, F.; Forni, O.; Frailis, M.; Franceschi, E.; Galeotta, S.; Ganga, K.; Giard, M.; Giraud-Héraud, Y.; González-Nuevo, J.; Górski, K. M.; Gratton, S.; Gregorio, A.; Gruppuso, A.; Hansen, F. K.; Hanson, D.; Harrison, D.; Henrot-Versillé, S.; Hernández-Monteagudo, C.; Herranz, D.; Hildebrandt, S. R.; Hivon, E.; Hobson, M.; Holmes, W. A.; Hornstrup, A.; Hovest, W.; Huffenberger, K. M.; Hurier, G.; Jaffe, A. H.; Jaffe, T. R.; Jones, W. C.; Juvela, M.; Keihänen, E.; Keskitalo, R.; Kisner, T. S.; Kneissl, R.; Knoche, J.; Knox, L.; Kunz, M.; Kurki-Suonio, H.; Lagache, G.; Lamarre, J.-M.; Lasenby, A.; Laureijs, R. J.; Lawrence, C. R.; Leahy, J. P.; Leonardi, R.; Leroy, C.; Lesgourgues, J.; Liguori, M.; Lilje, P. B.; Linden-Vørnle, M.; López-Caniego, M.; Lubin, P. M.; Macías-Pérez, J. F.; Maffei, B.; Mandolesi, N.; Maris, M.; Marshall, D. J.; Martin, P. G.; Martínez-González, E.; Masi, S.; Massardi, M.; Matarrese, S.; Matthai, F.; Mazzotta, P.; McGehee, P.; Melchiorri, A.; Mendes, L.; Mennella, A.; Migliaccio, M.; Mitra, S.; Miville-Deschênes, M.-A.; Moneti, A.; Montier, L.; Morgante, G.; Mortlock, D.; Munshi, D.; Murphy, J. A.; Naselsky, P.; Nati, F.; Natoli, P.; Netterfield, C. B.; Nørgaard-Nielsen, H. U.; North, C.; Noviello, F.; Novikov, D.; Novikov, I.; Osborne, S.; Oxborrow, C. A.; Paci, F.; Pagano, L.; Pajot, F.; Paoletti, D.; Pasian, F.; Patanchon, G.; Perdereau, O.; Perotto, L.; Perrotta, F.; Piacentini, F.; Piat, M.; Pierpaoli, E.; Pietrobon, D.; Plaszczynski, S.; Pointecouteau, E.; Polenta, G.; Ponthieu, N.; Popa, L.; Poutanen, T.; Pratt, G. W.; Prézeau, G.; Prunet, S.; Puget, J.-L.; Rachen, J. P.; Reinecke, M.; Remazeilles, M.; Renault, C.; Ricciardi, S.; Riller, T.; Ristorcelli, I.; Rocha, G.; Rosset, C.; Roudier, G.; Rusholme, B.; Santos, D.; Savini, G.; Scott, D.; Shellard, E. P. S.; Spencer, L. D.; Starck, J.-L.; Stolyarov, V.; Stompor, R.; Sudiwala, R.; Sureau, F.; Sutton, D.; Suur-Uski, A.-S.; Sygnet, J.-F.; Tauber, J. A.; Tavagnacco, D.; Terenzi, L.; Tomasi, M.; Tristram, M.; Tucci, M.; Umana, G.; Valenziano, L.; Valiviita, J.; Van Tent, B.; Vielva, P.; Villa, F.; Vittorio, N.; Wade, L. A.; Wandelt, B. D.; Yvon, D.; Zacchei, A.; Zonca, A.

    2014-11-01

    The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) spectral response was determined through a series of ground based tests conducted with the HFI focal plane in a cryogenic environment prior to launch. The main goal of the spectral transmission tests was to measure the relative spectral response (includingthe level of out-of-band signal rejection) of all HFI detectors to a known source of electromagnetic radiation individually. This was determined by measuring the interferometric output of a continuously scanned Fourier transform spectrometer with all HFI detectors. As there is no on-board spectrometer within HFI, the ground-based spectral response experiments provide the definitive data set for the relative spectral calibration of the HFI. Knowledge of the relative variations in the spectral response between HFI detectors allows for a more thorough analysis of the HFI data. The spectral response of the HFI is used in Planck data analysis and component separation, this includes extraction of CO emission observed within Planck bands, dust emission, Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources, and intensity to polarization leakage. The HFI spectral response data have also been used to provide unit conversion and colour correction analysis tools. While previous papers describe the pre-flight experiments conducted on the Planck HFI, this paper focusses on the analysis of the pre-flight spectral response measurements and the derivation of data products, e.g. band-average spectra, unit conversion coefficients, and colour correction coefficients, all with related uncertainties. Verifications of the HFI spectral response data are provided through comparisons with photometric HFI flight data. This validation includes use of HFI zodiacal emission observations to demonstrate out-of-band spectral signal rejection better than 108. The accuracy of the HFI relative spectral response data is verified through comparison with complementary flight-data based unit conversion coefficients and colour correction coefficients. These coefficients include those based upon HFI observations of CO, dust, and Sunyaev-Zeldovich emission. General agreement is observed between the ground-based spectral characterization of HFI and corresponding in-flight observations, within the quoted uncertainty of each; explanations are provided for any discrepancies.

  4. Atmospheric correction for remote sensing image based on multi-spectral information

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Yu; He, Hongyan; Tan, Wei; Qi, Wenwen

    2018-03-01

    The light collected from remote sensors taken from space must transit through the Earth's atmosphere. All satellite images are affected at some level by lightwave scattering and absorption from aerosols, water vapor and particulates in the atmosphere. For generating high-quality scientific data, atmospheric correction is required to remove atmospheric effects and to convert digital number (DN) values to surface reflectance (SR). Every optical satellite in orbit observes the earth through the same atmosphere, but each satellite image is impacted differently because atmospheric conditions are constantly changing. A physics-based detailed radiative transfer model 6SV requires a lot of key ancillary information about the atmospheric conditions at the acquisition time. This paper investigates to achieve the simultaneous acquisition of atmospheric radiation parameters based on the multi-spectral information, in order to improve the estimates of surface reflectance through physics-based atmospheric correction. Ancillary information on the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and total water vapor (TWV) derived from the multi-spectral information based on specific spectral properties was used for the 6SV model. The experimentation was carried out on images of Sentinel-2, which carries a Multispectral Instrument (MSI), recording in 13 spectral bands, covering a wide range of wavelengths from 440 up to 2200 nm. The results suggest that per-pixel atmospheric correction through 6SV model, integrating AOD and TWV derived from multispectral information, is better suited for accurate analysis of satellite images and quantitative remote sensing application.

  5. A technique for phase correction in Fourier transform spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Artsang, P.; Pongchalee, P.; Palawong, K.; Buisset, C.; Meemon, P.

    2018-03-01

    Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTS) is a type of spectroscopy that can be used to analyze components in the sample. The basic setup that is commonly used in this technique is "Michelson interferometer". The interference signal obtained from interferometer can be Fourier transformed into the spectral pattern of the illuminating light source. To experimentally study the concept of the Fourier transform spectroscopy, the project started by setup the Michelson interferometer in the laboratory. The implemented system used a broadband light source in near infrared region (0.81-0.89 μm) and controlled the movable mirror by using computer controlled motorized translation stage. In the early study, there is no sample the interference path. Therefore, the theoretical spectral results after the Fourier transformation of the captured interferogram must be the spectral shape of the light source. One main challenge of the FTS is to retrieve the correct phase information of the inferferogram that relates with the correct spectral shape of the light source. One main source of the phase distortion in FTS that we observed from our system is the non-linear movement of the movable reference mirror of the Michelson interferometer. Therefore, to improve the result, we coupled a monochromatic light source to the implemented interferometer. We simultaneously measured the interferograms of the monochromatic and broadband light sources. The interferogram of the monochromatic light source was used to correct the phase of the interferogram of the broadband light source. The result shows significant improvement in the computed spectral shape.

  6. 78 FR 77696 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services [OMB Control Number 1615-0124] Agency Information Collection Activities: Consideration of Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals... 77697

  7. 7 CFR 1721.106 - Repayment of deferred payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... note for repayment starting in year 2008. (b) Deferments relating to the ERC loan program, renewable energy project(s), distributed generation project(s), and the contribution(s)-in-aid of construction. An...

  8. 7 CFR 1721.106 - Repayment of deferred payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... note for repayment starting in year 2008. (b) Deferments relating to the ERC loan program, renewable energy project(s), distributed generation project(s), and the contribution(s)-in-aid of construction. An...

  9. 7 CFR 1721.106 - Repayment of deferred payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... note for repayment starting in year 2008. (b) Deferments relating to the ERC loan program, renewable energy project(s), distributed generation project(s), and the contribution(s)-in-aid of construction. An...

  10. 7 CFR 1721.106 - Repayment of deferred payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... note for repayment starting in year 2008. (b) Deferments relating to the ERC loan program, renewable energy project(s), distributed generation project(s), and the contribution(s)-in-aid of construction. An...

  11. 7 CFR 1721.106 - Repayment of deferred payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... note for repayment starting in year 2008. (b) Deferments relating to the ERC loan program, renewable energy project(s), distributed generation project(s), and the contribution(s)-in-aid of construction. An...

  12. Proton Spectroscopy in a Cross-Section of HIV-Positive Asymptomatic Patients Receiving Immediate Compared with Deferred Zidovudine (Concorde Study).

    PubMed

    Hall-Craggs, M A; Williams, I G; Wilkinson, I D; Paley, M; Chinn, R J; Chong, W K; Kendall, B E; Harrison, M J; Baldeweg, T; Pugh, K; Riccio, M; Catalan, J; Weller, I V

    1997-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine by proton spectroscopy for any difference in cerebral metabolites in patients taking part in the Concorde study (comparing the efficacy of immediate versus deferred treatment with zidovudine on asymptomatic HIV infected individuals). Forty seven HIV positive male patients [29 immediate, 18 deferred zidovudine] were examined in the last 9 months of the therapeutic trial. Magnetic resonance imaging and proton spectroscopy were performed at 1.5 Tesla using a single voxel placed in the parieto-occipital white matter. No significant difference was found in metabolite ratios comparing immediate versus deferred zidovudine (NA/NA+Cho+Cr 0.52 vs. 0.52). High quality spectra were acquired in relatively large numbers of patients and logistically spectroscopy may be applied to clinical therapeutic studies.

  13. A Review of Spectral Methods for Variable Amplitude Fatigue Prediction and New Results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Larsen, Curtis E.; Irvine, Tom

    2013-01-01

    A comprehensive review of the available methods for estimating fatigue damage from variable amplitude loading is presented. The dependence of fatigue damage accumulation on power spectral density (psd) is investigated for random processes relevant to real structures such as in offshore or aerospace applications. Beginning with the Rayleigh (or narrow band) approximation, attempts at improved approximations or corrections to the Rayleigh approximation are examined by comparison to rainflow analysis of time histories simulated from psd functions representative of simple theoretical and real world applications. Spectral methods investigated include corrections by Wirsching and Light, Ortiz and Chen, the Dirlik formula, and the Single-Moment method, among other more recent proposed methods. Good agreement is obtained between the spectral methods and the time-domain rainflow identification for most cases, with some limitations. Guidelines are given for using the several spectral methods to increase confidence in the damage estimate.

  14. Stray light correction on array spectroradiometers for optical radiation risk assessment in the workplace.

    PubMed

    Barlier-Salsi, A

    2014-12-01

    The European directive 2006/25/EC requires the employer to assess and, if necessary, measure the levels of exposure to optical radiation in the workplace. Array spectroradiometers can measure optical radiation from various types of sources; however poor stray light rejection affects their accuracy. A stray light correction matrix, using a tunable laser, was developed at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). As tunable lasers are very expensive, the purpose of this study was to implement this method using only nine low power lasers; other elements of the correction matrix being completed by interpolation and extrapolation. The correction efficiency was evaluated by comparing CCD spectroradiometers with and without correction and a scanning double monochromator device as reference. Similar to findings recorded by NIST, these experiments show that it is possible to reduce the spectral stray light by one or two orders of magnitude. In terms of workplace risk assessment, this spectral stray light correction method helps determine exposure levels, with an acceptable degree of uncertainty, for the majority of workplace situations. The level of uncertainty depends upon the model of spectroradiometers used; the best results are obtained with CCD detectors having an enhanced spectral sensitivity in the UV range. Thus corrected spectroradiometers require a validation against a scanning double monochromator spectroradiometer before using them for risk assessment in the workplace.

  15. Uncertainty of rotating shadowband irradiometers and Si-pyranometers including the spectral irradiance error

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wilbert, Stefan; Kleindiek, Stefan; Nouri, Bijan; Geuder, Norbert; Habte, Aron; Schwandt, Marko; Vignola, Frank

    2016-05-01

    Concentrating solar power projects require accurate direct normal irradiance (DNI) data including uncertainty specifications for plant layout and cost calculations. Ground measured data are necessary to obtain the required level of accuracy and are often obtained with Rotating Shadowband Irradiometers (RSI) that use photodiode pyranometers and correction functions to account for systematic effects. The uncertainty of Si-pyranometers has been investigated, but so far basically empirical studies were published or decisive uncertainty influences had to be estimated based on experience in analytical studies. One of the most crucial estimated influences is the spectral irradiance error because Si-photodiode-pyranometers only detect visible and color infrared radiation and have a spectral response that varies strongly within this wavelength interval. Furthermore, analytic studies did not discuss the role of correction functions and the uncertainty introduced by imperfect shading. In order to further improve the bankability of RSI and Si-pyranometer data, a detailed uncertainty analysis following the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) has been carried out. The study defines a method for the derivation of the spectral error and spectral uncertainties and presents quantitative values of the spectral and overall uncertainties. Data from the PSA station in southern Spain was selected for the analysis. Average standard uncertainties for corrected 10 min data of 2 % for global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and 2.9 % for DNI (for GHI and DNI over 300 W/m²) were found for the 2012 yearly dataset when separate GHI and DHI calibration constants were used. Also the uncertainty in 1 min resolution was analyzed. The effect of correction functions is significant. The uncertainties found in this study are consistent with results of previous empirical studies.

  16. Uncertainty of Rotating Shadowband Irradiometers and Si-Pyranometers Including the Spectral Irradiance Error

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wilbert, Stefan; Kleindiek, Stefan; Nouri, Bijan

    2016-05-31

    Concentrating solar power projects require accurate direct normal irradiance (DNI) data including uncertainty specifications for plant layout and cost calculations. Ground measured data are necessary to obtain the required level of accuracy and are often obtained with Rotating Shadowband Irradiometers (RSI) that use photodiode pyranometers and correction functions to account for systematic effects. The uncertainty of Si-pyranometers has been investigated, but so far basically empirical studies were published or decisive uncertainty influences had to be estimated based on experience in analytical studies. One of the most crucial estimated influences is the spectral irradiance error because Si-photodiode-pyranometers only detect visible andmore » color infrared radiation and have a spectral response that varies strongly within this wavelength interval. Furthermore, analytic studies did not discuss the role of correction functions and the uncertainty introduced by imperfect shading. In order to further improve the bankability of RSI and Si-pyranometer data, a detailed uncertainty analysis following the Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) has been carried out. The study defines a method for the derivation of the spectral error and spectral uncertainties and presents quantitative values of the spectral and overall uncertainties. Data from the PSA station in southern Spain was selected for the analysis. Average standard uncertainties for corrected 10 min data of 2% for global horizontal irradiance (GHI), and 2.9% for DNI (for GHI and DNI over 300 W/m2) were found for the 2012 yearly dataset when separate GHI and DHI calibration constants were used. Also the uncertainty in 1 min resolution was analyzed. The effect of correction functions is significant. The uncertainties found in this study are consistent with results of previous empirical studies.« less

  17. Virtual sensors for robust on-line monitoring (OLM) and Diagnostics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tipireddy, Ramakrishna; Lerchen, Megan E.; Ramuhalli, Pradeep

    Unscheduled shutdown of nuclear power facilities for recalibration and replacement of faulty sensors can be expensive and disruptive to grid management. In this work, we present virtual (software) sensors that can replace a faulty physical sensor for a short duration thus allowing recalibration to be safely deferred to a later time. The virtual sensor model uses a Gaussian process model to process input data from redundant and other nearby sensors. Predicted data includes uncertainty bounds including spatial association uncertainty and measurement noise and error. Using data from an instrumented cooling water flow loop testbed, the virtual sensor model has predictedmore » correct sensor measurements and the associated error corresponding to a faulty sensor.« less

  18. Reliable Quantitative Mineral Abundances of the Martian Surface using THEMIS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Smith, R. J.; Huang, J.; Ryan, A. J.; Christensen, P. R.

    2013-12-01

    The following presents a proof of concept that given quality data, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) data can be used to derive reliable quantitative mineral abundances of the Martian surface using a limited mineral library. The THEMIS instrument aboard the Mars Odyssey spacecraft is a multispectral thermal infrared imager with a spatial resolution of 100 m/pixel. The relatively high spatial resolution along with global coverage makes THEMIS datasets powerful tools for comprehensive fine scale petrologic analyses. However, the spectral resolution of THEMIS is limited to 8 surface sensitive bands between 6.8 and 14.0 μm with an average bandwidth of ~ 1 μm, which complicates atmosphere-surface separation and spectral analysis. This study utilizes the atmospheric correction methods of both Bandfield et al. [2004] and Ryan et al. [2013] joined with the iterative linear deconvolution technique pioneered by Huang et al. [in review] in order to derive fine-scale quantitative mineral abundances of the Martian surface. In general, it can be assumed that surface emissivity combines in a linear fashion in the thermal infrared (TIR) wavelengths such that the emitted energy is proportional to the areal percentage of the minerals present. TIR spectra are unmixed using a set of linear equations involving an endmember library of lab measured mineral spectra. The number of endmembers allowed in a spectral library are restricted to a quantity of n-1 (where n = the number of spectral bands of an instrument), preserving one band for blackbody. Spectral analysis of THEMIS data is thus allowed only seven endmembers. This study attempts to prove that this limitation does not prohibit the derivation of meaningful spectral analyses from THEMIS data. Our study selects THEMIS stamps from a region of Mars that is well characterized in the TIR by the higher spectral resolution, lower spatial resolution Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) instrument (143 bands at 10 cm-1 sampling and 3x5 km pixel). Multiple atmospheric corrections are performed for one image using the methods of Bandfield et al. [2004] and Ryan et al. [2013]. 7x7 pixel areas were selected, averaged, and compared using each atmospherically corrected image to ensure consistency. Corrections that provided reliable data were then used for spectral analyses. Linear deconvolution is performed using an iterative spectral analysis method [Huang et al. in review] that takes an endmember spectral library, and creates mineral combinations based on prescribed mineral group selections. The script then performs a spectral mixture analysis on each surface spectrum using all possible mineral combinations, and reports the best modeled fit to the measured spectrum. Here we present initial results from Syrtis Planum where multiple atmospherically corrected THEMIS images were deconvolved to produce similar spectral analysis results, within the detection limit of the instrument. THEMIS mineral abundances are comparable to TES-derived abundances. References: Bandfield, JL et al. [2004], JGR 109, E10008 Huang, J et al., JGR, in review Ryan, AJ et al. [2013], AGU Fall Meeting

  19. 42 CFR 60.12 - Deferment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... described in § 60.11(a)(2); (v) Pays no stipend or one which is not more than the annual stipend level... and evidence that verifies deferment eligibility of the activity (with the full expectation that the...

  20. 76 FR 52962 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB; Emergency Homeowners' Loan...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-24

    ... Homeowners Loan Program. The program will offer a declining balance, deferred payment ``bridge loan'' (non.... The program will offer a declining balance, deferred payment ``bridge loan'' (non-recourse...

  1. 7 CFR 1717.155 - Transitional assistance affecting new and preexisting loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... stress after the deferment period. (2) Section 12 deferment may be available following any merger where... review rates, rate disparity, and likely mitigating effects of the proposed phase-in plan. (3) The...

  2. The American Jobs Creation Act and its impact on deferred compensation: reassessment from a business perspective.

    PubMed

    Johnson, David G

    2005-01-01

    The American Jobs Creation Act (AJCA), which was signed into law in October 2004, will have an impact on almost every deferred compensation program in the United States. This article argues that as companies continue to evaluate the transition alternatives under AJCA and contemplate the necessary changes to the plan program, companies also should consider simultaneously addressing broader issues surrounding nonqualified deferred compensation arrangements. These include ongoing business purpose, financial planning considerations, education of participants, corporate governance considerations and the potential implications to international assignees.

  3. Atmospheric correction over case 2 waters with an iterative fitting algorithm: relative humidity effects.

    PubMed

    Land, P E; Haigh, J D

    1997-12-20

    In algorithms for the atmospheric correction of visible and near-IR satellite observations of the Earth's surface, it is generally assumed that the spectral variation of aerosol optical depth is characterized by an Angström power law or similar dependence. In an iterative fitting algorithm for atmospheric correction of ocean color imagery over case 2 waters, this assumption leads to an inability to retrieve the aerosol type and to the attribution to aerosol spectral variations of spectral effects actually caused by the water contents. An improvement to this algorithm is described in which the spectral variation of optical depth is calculated as a function of aerosol type and relative humidity, and an attempt is made to retrieve the relative humidity in addition to aerosol type. The aerosol is treated as a mixture of aerosol components (e.g., soot), rather than of aerosol types (e.g., urban). We demonstrate the improvement over the previous method by using simulated case 1 and case 2 sea-viewing wide field-of-view sensor data, although the retrieval of relative humidity was not successful.

  4. Luteal phase support for in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer--present and future methods to improve successful implantation.

    PubMed

    Check, J H

    2012-01-01

    To present reasons for luteal phase deficiency when taking controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) for purposes of inducing multiple oocytes for in vitro fertilization (IVF), and to suggest strategies to overcome the defect. Treatment options presented include luteal phase support with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injection, progesterone, estradiol, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists, cytokines, e.g., granulocyte colony stimulating factor, and lymphocyte immunotherapy. hCG and progesterone produce the best results and are comparable or at best a slight edge to hCG but the latter is associated with too high a risk for ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Vaginal progesterone is the most efficacious with the least side-effects. Better methods are needed to adequately assess full correction of the luteal phase defect. In some cases the luteal phase defect associated with COH is not correctable and FSH stimulation should be reduced or all embryos frozen and defer transfer to an artificial estrogen progesterone or natural cycle.

  5. Barriers to Universal Prescribing of Antiretroviral Therapy by HIV Care Providers in the United States, 2013–2014

    PubMed Central

    Weiser, John; Brooks, John T.; Skarbinski, Jacek; West, Brady T.; Duke, Christopher C.; Gremel, Garrett W.; Beer, Linda

    2017-01-01

    Introduction HIV treatment guidelines recommend initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART) regardless of CD4 cell (CD4) count, barring contraindications or barriers to treatment. An estimated 6% of persons receiving HIV care in 2013 were not prescribed ART. We examined reasons for this gap in the care continuum. Methods During 2013–2014, we surveyed a probability sample of HIV care providers, of whom 1234 returned surveys (64.0% adjusted response rate). We estimated percentages of providers who followed guidelines and their characteristics, and who deferred ART prescribing for any reason. Results Barring contraindications, 71.2% of providers initiated ART regardless of CD4 count. Providers less likely to initiate had caseloads ≤20 vs. >200 patients [adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) 0.69, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47 to 1.02, P = 0.03], practiced at non–Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded facilities (aPR 0.85, 95% CI: 0.74 to 0.98, P = 0.02), or reported pharmaceutical assistance programs provided insufficient medication to meet patients’ needs (aPR 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65 to 0.98, P = 0.02). In all, 17.0% never deferred prescribing ART, 69.6% deferred for 1%–10% of patients, and 13.3% deferred for >10%. Among providers who had deferred ART, 59.4% cited patient refusal as a reason in >50% of cases, 31.1% reported adherence concerns because of mental health disorders or substance abuse, and 21.4% reported adherence concerns because of social problems, eg, homelessness, as factors in >50% of cases when deferring ART. Conclusions An estimated 29% of HIV care providers had not adopted recommendations to initiate ART regardless of CD4 count, barring contraindications, or barriers to treatment. Low-volume providers and those at non–Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program-funded facilities were less likely to follow this guideline. Among all providers, leading reasons for deferring ART included patient refusal and adherence concerns. PMID:28002186

  6. Acceptability of an open-label wait-listed trial design: Experiences from the PROUD PrEP study.

    PubMed

    Gafos, Mitzy; Brodnicki, Elizabeth; Desai, Monica; McCormack, Sheena; Nutland, Will; Wayal, Sonali; White, Ellen; Wood, Gemma; Barber, Tristan; Bell, Gill; Clarke, Amanda; Dolling, David; Dunn, David; Fox, Julie; Haddow, Lewis; Lacey, Charles; Nardone, Anthony; Quinn, Killian; Rae, Caroline; Reeves, Iain; Rayment, Michael; White, David; Apea, Vanessa; Ayap, Wilbert; Dewsnap, Claire; Collaco-Moraes, Yolanda; Schembri, Gabriel; Sowunmi, Yinka; Horne, Rob

    2017-01-01

    PROUD participants were randomly assigned to receive pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) immediately or after a deferred period of one-year. We report on the acceptability of this open-label wait-listed trial design. Participants completed an acceptability questionnaire, which included categorical study acceptability data and free-text data on most and least liked aspects of the study. We also conducted in-depth interviews (IDI) with a purposely selected sub-sample of participants. Acceptability questionnaires were completed by 76% (415/544) of participants. After controlling for age, immediate-group participants were almost twice as likely as deferred-group participants to complete the questionnaire (AOR:1.86;95%CI:1.24,2.81). In quantitative data, the majority of participants in both groups found the wait-listed design acceptable when measured by satisfaction of joining the study, intention to remain in the study, and interest in joining a subsequent study. However, three-quarters thought that the chance of being in the deferred-group might put other volunteers off joining the study. In free-text responses, data collection tools were the most frequently reported least liked aspect of the study. A fifth of deferred participants reported 'being deferred' as the thing they least liked about the study. However, more deferred participants disliked the data collection tools than the fact that they had to wait a year to access PrEP. Participants in the IDIs had a good understanding of the rationale for the open-label wait-listed study design. Most accepted the design but acknowledged they were, or would have been, disappointed to be randomised to the deferred group. Five of the 25 participants interviewed reported some objection to the wait-listed design. The quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that in an environment where PrEP was not available, the rationale for the wait-listed trial design was well understood and generally acceptable to most participants in this study.

  7. Deferred School Maintenance Creates National Crises.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Geiger, Philip E.

    2002-01-01

    Describes the cost and causes of the school maintenance "crises"; lists seven questions to determine if a school district has a quality maintenance program; describes consequences of deferred school maintenance in Yuma (Arizona) Union High School District. (PKP)

  8. 17 CFR 256.190 - Accumulated deferred income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... year are lower because of prior payment of taxes as provided by paragraph (a) of this section, because... factor of calculation with respect to each annual amount of the item or class of items for which deferred...

  9. Solving for the Surface: An Automated Approach to THEMIS Atmospheric Correction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ryan, A. J.; Salvatore, M. R.; Smith, R.; Edwards, C. S.; Christensen, P. R.

    2013-12-01

    Here we present the initial results of an automated atmospheric correction algorithm for the Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) instrument, whereby high spectral resolution Thermal Emission Spectrometer (TES) data are queried to generate numerous atmospheric opacity values for each THEMIS infrared image. While the pioneering methods of Bandfield et al. [2004] also used TES spectra to atmospherically correct THEMIS data, the algorithm presented here is a significant improvement because of the reduced dependency on user-defined inputs for individual images. Additionally, this technique is particularly useful for correcting THEMIS images that have captured a range of atmospheric conditions and/or surface elevations, issues that have been difficult to correct for using previous techniques. Thermal infrared observations of the Martian surface can be used to determine the spatial distribution and relative abundance of many common rock-forming minerals. This information is essential to understanding the planet's geologic and climatic history. However, the Martian atmosphere also has absorptions in the thermal infrared which complicate the interpretation of infrared measurements obtained from orbit. TES has sufficient spectral resolution (143 bands at 10 cm-1 sampling) to linearly unmix and remove atmospheric spectral end-members from the acquired spectra. THEMIS has the benefit of higher spatial resolution (~100 m/pixel vs. 3x5 km/TES-pixel) but has lower spectral resolution (8 surface sensitive spectral bands). As such, it is not possible to isolate the surface component by unmixing the atmospheric contribution from the THEMIS spectra, as is done with TES. Bandfield et al. [2004] developed a technique using atmospherically corrected TES spectra as tie-points for constant radiance offset correction and surface emissivity retrieval. This technique is the primary method used to correct THEMIS but is highly susceptible to inconsistent results if great care in the selection of TES spectra is not exercised. Our algorithm implements a newly populated TES database that was created using PostgreSQL/PostGIS geospatial database. TES pixels that meet user-defined quality criteria and that intersect a THEMIS observation of interest may be quickly retrieved using this new database. The THEMIS correction process [Bandfield et al. 2004] is then run using all TES pixels that pass an additional set of TES-THEMIS relational quality checks. The result is a spatially correlated set of atmospheric opacity values, determined from the difference between each atmospherically corrected TES pixel and the overlapping portion of the THEMIS image. The dust and ice contributions to the atmospheric opacity are estimated using known dust and ice spectral dependencies [Smith et al. 2003]. These opacity values may be used to determine atmospheric variation across the scene, from which topography- and temperature-scaled atmospheric contribution may be calculated and removed. References: Bandfield, JL et al. [2004], JGR 109, E10008. Smith, MD et al. [2003], JGR 108, E11, 5115.

  10. Preliminary Analysis of the Performance of the Landsat 8/OLI Land Surface Reflectance Product

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vermote, Eric; Justice, Chris; Claverie, Martin; Franch, Belen

    2016-01-01

    The surface reflectance, i.e., satellite derived top of atmosphere (TOA) reflectance corrected for the temporally, spatially and spectrally varying scattering and absorbing effects of atmospheric gases and aerosols, is needed to monitor the land surface reliably. For this reason, the surface reflectance, and not TOA reflectance, is used to generate the greater majority of global land products, for example, from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) sensors. Even if atmospheric effects are minimized by sensor design, atmospheric effects are still challenging to correct. In particular, the strong impact of aerosols in the visible and near infrared spectral range can be difficult to correct, because they can be highly discrete in space and time (e.g., smoke plumes) and because of the complex scattering and absorbing properties of aerosols that vary spectrally and with aerosol size, shape, chemistry and density.

  11. Atmospheric Correction Algorithm for Hyperspectral Imagery

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    R. J. Pollina

    1999-09-01

    In December 1997, the US Department of Energy (DOE) established a Center of Excellence (Hyperspectral-Multispectral Algorithm Research Center, HyMARC) for promoting the research and development of algorithms to exploit spectral imagery. This center is located at the DOE Remote Sensing Laboratory in Las Vegas, Nevada, and is operated for the DOE by Bechtel Nevada. This paper presents the results to date of a research project begun at the center during 1998 to investigate the correction of hyperspectral data for atmospheric aerosols. Results of a project conducted by the Rochester Institute of Technology to define, implement, and test procedures for absolutemore » calibration and correction of hyperspectral data to absolute units of high spectral resolution imagery will be presented. Hybrid techniques for atmospheric correction using image or spectral scene data coupled through radiative propagation models will be specifically addressed. Results of this effort to analyze HYDICE sensor data will be included. Preliminary results based on studying the performance of standard routines, such as Atmospheric Pre-corrected Differential Absorption and Nonlinear Least Squares Spectral Fit, in retrieving reflectance spectra show overall reflectance retrieval errors of approximately one to two reflectance units in the 0.4- to 2.5-micron-wavelength region (outside of the absorption features). These results are based on HYDICE sensor data collected from the Southern Great Plains Atmospheric Radiation Measurement site during overflights conducted in July of 1997. Results of an upgrade made in the model-based atmospheric correction techniques, which take advantage of updates made to the moderate resolution atmospheric transmittance model (MODTRAN 4.0) software, will also be presented. Data will be shown to demonstrate how the reflectance retrieval in the shorter wavelengths of the blue-green region will be improved because of enhanced modeling of multiple scattering effects.« less

  12. Artifacts reduction in VIR/Dawn data.

    PubMed

    Carrozzo, F G; Raponi, A; De Sanctis, M C; Ammannito, E; Giardino, M; D'Aversa, E; Fonte, S; Tosi, F

    2016-12-01

    Remote sensing images are generally affected by different types of noise that degrade the quality of the spectral data (i.e., stripes and spikes). Hyperspectral images returned by a Visible and InfraRed (VIR) spectrometer onboard the NASA Dawn mission exhibit residual systematic artifacts. VIR is an imaging spectrometer coupling high spectral and spatial resolutions in the visible and infrared spectral domain (0.25-5.0 μm). VIR data present one type of noise that may mask or distort real features (i.e., spikes and stripes), which may lead to misinterpretation of the surface composition. This paper presents a technique for the minimization of artifacts in VIR data that include a new instrument response function combining ground and in-flight radiometric measurements, correction of spectral spikes, odd-even band effects, systematic vertical stripes, high-frequency noise, and comparison with ground telescopic spectra of Vesta and Ceres. We developed a correction of artifacts in a two steps process: creation of the artifacts matrix and application of the same matrix to the VIR dataset. In the approach presented here, a polynomial function is used to fit the high frequency variations. After applying these corrections, the resulting spectra show improvements of the quality of the data. The new calibrated data enhance the significance of results from the spectral analysis of Vesta and Ceres.

  13. It is out of my hands: how deferring control to God can decrease quality of life for breast cancer patients.

    PubMed

    McLaughlin, Bryan; Yoo, Woohyun; D'Angelo, Jonathan; Tsang, Stephanie; Shaw, Bret; Shah, Dhavan; Baker, Timothy; Gustafson, David

    2013-12-01

    This paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of how and why religion affects psychosocial health outcomes. We propose a theoretical model predicting that when women with breast cancer defer control to God they will experience fewer breast cancer related concerns. Deferring control to God, however, should also reduce the likelihood that they take a proactive coping approach, which will be exacerbated by lowered breast cancer concerns. We therefore predict that this passive coping style will ultimately result in lower levels of quality of life. Data were collected as part of a randomized clinical trial funded by the National Cancer Institute. A total of 192 women with breast cancer participated in a computer-mediated social support group. Deferring control to God statements were captured by using computer-aided content analysis of discussion posts. Psychosocial outcomes were measured using longitudinal survey data. Analysis was performed using structural equation modeling. The results of our analysis largely confirm our mediation model for which we find significant model fit. As predicted, deferring control to God leads to lower levels of breast cancer concerns but also to more passive coping styles. Ultimately, deferring control to God can lead to lower levels of quality of life. Our study demonstrates how and why religious coping can lead to both positive and negative psychosocial health outcomes. Health care practitioners should encourage patients who are relying on religion to keep their end of the bargain and maintain an active coping style. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  14. 43 CFR 3836.25 - What if BLM denies my petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.25 What if BLM... BLM decision denying the petition in which to pay the maintenance fee to maintain your claim. ...

  15. 43 CFR 3836.25 - What if BLM denies my petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.25 What if BLM... BLM decision denying the petition in which to pay the maintenance fee to maintain your claim. ...

  16. 43 CFR 3836.25 - What if BLM denies my petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.25 What if BLM... BLM decision denying the petition in which to pay the maintenance fee to maintain your claim. ...

  17. 43 CFR 3836.25 - What if BLM denies my petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) ANNUAL ASSESSMENT WORK REQUIREMENTS FOR MINING CLAIMS Deferring Assessment Work § 3836.25 What if BLM... BLM decision denying the petition in which to pay the maintenance fee to maintain your claim. ...

  18. Defer Maintenance, Invite Disaster

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bowman, William W.

    1977-01-01

    An AGB- and NACUBO-sponsored survey showed that "wish lists" are accumulating overdue major maintenance projects because energy costs are consuming physical plant budgets. Problem areas are discussed: budget "guesstimation," preventive maintenance, deferred maintenance inventory, the APPA accounting format, resource allocation,…

  19. 43 CFR 3836.23 - How do I petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... nature of the land, including topography, vegetation, surface water, and existing roads, over which you... request a deferment must sign: (1) The petition you submit to BLM; and (2) The original notice you record...

  20. 43 CFR 3836.23 - How do I petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... nature of the land, including topography, vegetation, surface water, and existing roads, over which you... request a deferment must sign: (1) The petition you submit to BLM; and (2) The original notice you record...

  1. 43 CFR 3836.23 - How do I petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... nature of the land, including topography, vegetation, surface water, and existing roads, over which you... request a deferment must sign: (1) The petition you submit to BLM; and (2) The original notice you record...

  2. 43 CFR 3836.23 - How do I petition for deferment of assessment work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... nature of the land, including topography, vegetation, surface water, and existing roads, over which you... request a deferment must sign: (1) The petition you submit to BLM; and (2) The original notice you record...

  3. 15 CFR 2301.9 - Deferred applications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deferred applications. 2301.9 Section 2301.9 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Telecommunications and Information NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PUBLIC TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES...

  4. Quantum gravity boundary terms from the spectral action of noncommutative space.

    PubMed

    Chamseddine, Ali H; Connes, Alain

    2007-08-17

    We study the boundary terms of the spectral action of the noncommutative space, defined by the spectral triple dictated by the physical spectrum of the standard model, unifying gravity with all other fundamental interactions. We prove that the spectral action predicts uniquely the gravitational boundary term required for consistency of quantum gravity with the correct sign and coefficient. This is a remarkable result given the lack of freedom in the spectral action to tune this term.

  5. Performance Contracting: Meeting the Challenge of Deferred Maintenance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Singer, Terry E.; Johnson, Mary E.

    2001-01-01

    Discusses the magnitude of the problem of deferred maintenance on today's university campuses and the solving this problem using performance-based energy efficiency retrofit as implemented by energy service companies (ESCO). Several case studies of ESCO designed retrofits are examined. (GR)

  6. 32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

  7. 32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

  8. 32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

  9. 32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

  10. 32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

  11. 7 CFR 993.158 - Deferment of reserve withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deferment of reserve withholding. 993.158 Section 993.158 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  12. 7 CFR 993.158 - Deferment of reserve withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Deferment of reserve withholding. 993.158 Section 993.158 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  13. 7 CFR 993.158 - Deferment of reserve withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Deferment of reserve withholding. 993.158 Section 993.158 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  14. 7 CFR 993.158 - Deferment of reserve withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deferment of reserve withholding. 993.158 Section 993.158 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  15. 7 CFR 993.158 - Deferment of reserve withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Deferment of reserve withholding. 993.158 Section 993.158 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  16. Elective oocyte cryopreservation for deferred childbearing.

    PubMed

    Goldman, Kara N; Grifo, Jamie A

    2016-12-01

    Elective oocyte cryopreservation for deferred childbearing has gained popularity worldwide, commensurate with increased knowledge regarding age-related fertility decline. The purpose of this review is to summarize recent data regarding trends in delayed childbearing, review recent findings surrounding age-related fertility decline, acknowledge significant gaps in knowledge among patients and providers regarding fertility decline and review outcomes following elective oocyte cryopreservation. Despite an inevitable decline in fertility and increase in miscarriage with increasing female age, there is a growing worldwide trend to delay childbearing. Patients and providers alike demonstrate large gaps in knowledge surrounding age-related fertility decline. Oocyte cryopreservation is clinically approved for medically indicated fertility preservation, but a growing number of women are using oocyte cryopreservation to defer childbearing and maintain reproductive autonomy. Mounting data support the efficacy and safety of oocyte cryopreservation when used to electively defer childbearing, with recent studies demonstrating rates of euploidy, implantation and live birth rates equivalent to in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with fresh oocytes. Oocyte cryopreservation provides women with an option to defer childbearing and maintain reproductive autonomy, with IVF success rates on par with fresh IVF. However, it is critical that patients understand the limitations of oocyte cryopreservation. Greater education regarding age-related fertility decline should be geared toward patients and providers to prevent unintended childlessness.

  17. Demonstration of Airborne Wide Area Assessment Technologies at Pueblo Precision Bombing Ranges, Colorado. Hyperspectral Imaging, Version 2.0

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-09-27

    the spatial and spectral resolution ...variety of geological and vegetation mapping efforts, the Hymap sensor offered the best available combination of spectral and spatial resolution , signal... The limitations of the technology currently relate to spatial and spectral resolution and geo- correction accuracy. Secondly, HSI datasets

  18. Spectral line polarimetry with a channeled polarimeter.

    PubMed

    van Harten, Gerard; Snik, Frans; Rietjens, Jeroen H H; Martijn Smit, J; Keller, Christoph U

    2014-07-01

    Channeled spectropolarimetry or spectral polarization modulation is an accurate technique for measuring the continuum polarization in one shot with no moving parts. We show how a dual-beam implementation also enables spectral line polarimetry at the intrinsic resolution, as in a classic beam-splitting polarimeter. Recording redundant polarization information in the two spectrally modulated beams of a polarizing beam-splitter even provides the possibility to perform a postfacto differential transmission correction that improves the accuracy of the spectral line polarimetry. We perform an error analysis to compare the accuracy of spectral line polarimetry to continuum polarimetry, degraded by a residual dark signal and differential transmission, as well as to quantify the impact of the transmission correction. We demonstrate the new techniques with a blue sky polarization measurement around the oxygen A absorption band using the groundSPEX instrument, yielding a polarization in the deepest part of the band of 0.160±0.010, significantly different from the polarization in the continuum of 0.2284±0.0004. The presented methods are applicable to any dual-beam channeled polarimeter, including implementations for snapshot imaging polarimetry.

  19. Retrieval of atmospheric properties from hyper and multispectral imagery with the FLAASH atmospheric correction algorithm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perkins, Timothy; Adler-Golden, Steven; Matthew, Michael; Berk, Alexander; Anderson, Gail; Gardner, James; Felde, Gerald

    2005-10-01

    Atmospheric Correction Algorithms (ACAs) are used in applications of remotely sensed Hyperspectral and Multispectral Imagery (HSI/MSI) to correct for atmospheric effects on measurements acquired by air and space-borne systems. The Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH) algorithm is a forward-model based ACA created for HSI and MSI instruments which operate in the visible through shortwave infrared (Vis-SWIR) spectral regime. Designed as a general-purpose, physics-based code for inverting at-sensor radiance measurements into surface reflectance, FLAASH provides a collection of spectral analysis and atmospheric retrieval methods including: a per-pixel vertical water vapor column estimate, determination of aerosol optical depth, estimation of scattering for compensation of adjacency effects, detection/characterization of clouds, and smoothing of spectral structure resulting from an imperfect atmospheric correction. To further improve the accuracy of the atmospheric correction process, FLAASH will also detect and compensate for sensor-introduced artifacts such as optical smile and wavelength mis-calibration. FLAASH relies on the MODTRANTM radiative transfer (RT) code as the physical basis behind its mathematical formulation, and has been developed in parallel with upgrades to MODTRAN in order to take advantage of the latest improvements in speed and accuracy. For example, the rapid, high fidelity multiple scattering (MS) option available in MODTRAN4 can greatly improve the accuracy of atmospheric retrievals over the 2-stream approximation. In this paper, advanced features available in FLAASH are described, including the principles and methods used to derive atmospheric parameters from HSI and MSI data. Results are presented from processing of Hyperion, AVIRIS, and LANDSAT data.

  20. Application of distance correction to ChemCam laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy measurements

    DOE PAGES

    Mezzacappa, A.; Melikechi, N.; Cousin, A.; ...

    2016-04-04

    Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) provides chemical information from atomic, ionic, and molecular emissions from which geochemical composition can be deciphered. Analysis of LIBS spectra in cases where targets are observed at different distances, as is the case for the ChemCam instrument on the Mars rover Curiosity, which performs analyses at distances between 2 and 7.4 m is not a simple task. Previously, we showed that spectral distance correction based on a proxy spectroscopic standard created from first-shot dust observations on Mars targets ameliorates the distance bias in multivariate-based elemental-composition predictions of laboratory data. In this work, we correct an expandedmore » set of neutral and ionic spectral emissions for distance bias in the ChemCam data set. By using and testing different selection criteria to generate multiple proxy standards, we find a correction that minimizes the difference in spectral intensity measured at two different distances and increases spectral reproducibility. When the quantitative performance of distance correction is assessed, there is improvement for SiO 2, Al 2O 3, CaO, FeOT, Na 2O, K 2O, that is, for most of the major rock forming elements, and for the total major-element weight percent predicted. But, for MgO the method does not provide improvements while for TiO 2, it yields inconsistent results. Additionally, we observed that many emission lines do not behave consistently with distance, evidenced from laboratory analogue measurements and ChemCam data. This limits the effectiveness of the method.« less

  1. Fixed Pattern Noise pixel-wise linear correction for crime scene imaging CMOS sensor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Jie; Messinger, David W.; Dube, Roger R.; Ientilucci, Emmett J.

    2017-05-01

    Filtered multispectral imaging technique might be a potential method for crime scene documentation and evidence detection due to its abundant spectral information as well as non-contact and non-destructive nature. Low-cost and portable multispectral crime scene imaging device would be highly useful and efficient. The second generation crime scene imaging system uses CMOS imaging sensor to capture spatial scene and bandpass Interference Filters (IFs) to capture spectral information. Unfortunately CMOS sensors suffer from severe spatial non-uniformity compared to CCD sensors and the major cause is Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN). IFs suffer from "blue shift" effect and introduce spatial-spectral correlated errors. Therefore, Fixed Pattern Noise (FPN) correction is critical to enhance crime scene image quality and is also helpful for spatial-spectral noise de-correlation. In this paper, a pixel-wise linear radiance to Digital Count (DC) conversion model is constructed for crime scene imaging CMOS sensor. Pixel-wise conversion gain Gi,j and Dark Signal Non-Uniformity (DSNU) Zi,j are calculated. Also, conversion gain is divided into four components: FPN row component, FPN column component, defects component and effective photo response signal component. Conversion gain is then corrected to average FPN column and row components and defects component so that the sensor conversion gain is uniform. Based on corrected conversion gain and estimated image incident radiance from the reverse of pixel-wise linear radiance to DC model, corrected image spatial uniformity can be enhanced to 7 times as raw image, and the bigger the image DC value within its dynamic range, the better the enhancement.

  2. Spectral method for the correction of the Cerenkov light effect in plastic scintillation detectors: A comparison study of calibration procedures and validation in Cerenkov light-dominated situations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Guillot, Mathieu; Gingras, Luc; Archambault, Louis

    2011-04-15

    Purpose: The purposes of this work were: (1) To determine if a spectral method can accurately correct the Cerenkov light effect in plastic scintillation detectors (PSDs) for situations where the Cerenkov light is dominant over the scintillation light and (2) to develop a procedural guideline for accurately determining the calibration factors of PSDs. Methods: The authors demonstrate, by using the equations of the spectral method, that the condition for accurately correcting the effect of Cerenkov light is that the ratio of the two calibration factors must be equal to the ratio of the Cerenkov light measured within the two differentmore » spectral regions used for analysis. Based on this proof, the authors propose two new procedures to determine the calibration factors of PSDs, which were designed to respect this condition. A PSD that consists of a cylindrical polystyrene scintillating fiber (1.6 mm{sup 3}) coupled to a plastic optical fiber was calibrated by using these new procedures and the two reference procedures described in the literature. To validate the extracted calibration factors, relative dose profiles and output factors for a 6 MV photon beam from a medical linac were measured with the PSD and an ionization chamber. Emphasis was placed on situations where the Cerenkov light is dominant over the scintillation light and on situations dissimilar to the calibration conditions. Results: The authors found that the accuracy of the spectral method depends on the procedure used to determine the calibration factors of the PSD and on the attenuation properties of the optical fiber used. The results from the relative dose profile measurements showed that the spectral method can correct the Cerenkov light effect with an accuracy level of 1%. The results obtained also indicate that PSDs measure output factors that are lower than those measured with ionization chambers for square field sizes larger than 25x25 cm{sup 2}, in general agreement with previously published Monte Carlo results. Conclusions: The authors conclude that the spectral method can be used to accurately correct the Cerenkov light effect in PSDs. The authors confirmed the importance of maximizing the difference of Cerenkov light production between calibration measurements. The authors also found that the attenuation of the optical fiber, which is assumed to be constant in the original formulation of the spectral method, may cause a variation of the calibration factors in some experimental setups.« less

  3. Numerical methods for solving moment equations in kinetic theory of neuronal network dynamics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rangan, Aaditya V.; Cai, David; Tao, Louis

    2007-02-01

    Recently developed kinetic theory and related closures for neuronal network dynamics have been demonstrated to be a powerful theoretical framework for investigating coarse-grained dynamical properties of neuronal networks. The moment equations arising from the kinetic theory are a system of (1 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations (PDE) on a bounded domain with nonlinear boundary conditions. The PDEs themselves are self-consistently specified by parameters which are functions of the boundary values of the solution. The moment equations can be stiff in space and time. Numerical methods are presented here for efficiently and accurately solving these moment equations. The essential ingredients in our numerical methods include: (i) the system is discretized in time with an implicit Euler method within a spectral deferred correction framework, therefore, the PDEs of the kinetic theory are reduced to a sequence, in time, of boundary value problems (BVPs) with nonlinear boundary conditions; (ii) a set of auxiliary parameters is introduced to recast the original BVP with nonlinear boundary conditions as BVPs with linear boundary conditions - with additional algebraic constraints on the auxiliary parameters; (iii) a careful combination of two Newton's iterates for the nonlinear BVP with linear boundary condition, interlaced with a Newton's iterate for solving the associated algebraic constraints is constructed to achieve quadratic convergence for obtaining the solutions with self-consistent parameters. It is shown that a simple fixed-point iteration can only achieve a linear convergence for the self-consistent parameters. The practicability and efficiency of our numerical methods for solving the moment equations of the kinetic theory are illustrated with numerical examples. It is further demonstrated that the moment equations derived from the kinetic theory of neuronal network dynamics can very well capture the coarse-grained dynamical properties of integrate-and-fire neuronal networks.

  4. Variants of Brugada Syndrome and Early Repolarization Syndrome: An Expanded Concept of J-Wave Syndrome.

    PubMed

    Kim, Sung-Hwan; Nam, Gi-Byoung; Yun, Sung-Cheol; Choi, Hyung Oh; Choi, Kee-Joon; Joung, Boyoung; Pak, Hui-Nam; Lee, Moon-Hyoung; Kim, Sung Soon; Park, Seung-Jung; On, Young Keun; Kim, June Soo; Oh, Il-Young; Choi, Eue-Keun; Oh, Seil; Choi, Yun-Shik; Choi, Jong Il; Park, Sang Weon; Kim, Young-Hoon; Oh, Yong-Seog; Lee, Man Young; Lim, Hong Euy; Lee, Young-Soo; Cho, Yongkeun; Kim, Jun; Rhee, Kyoung-Suk; Lee, Dong-Il; Cho, Dae Kyoung; Kim, You-Ho

    2017-02-01

    The role of J-waves in the pathogenesis of ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurring in structurally normal hearts is important. We evaluated 127 patients who received an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for Brugada syndrome (BS, n = 53), early repolarization syndrome (ERS, n = 24), and patients with unknown or deferred diagnosis (n = 50). Electrocardiography (ECG), clinical characteristics, and ICD data were analyzed. J-waves were found in 27/50 patients with VF of unknown/deferred diagnosis. The J-waves were reminiscent of those seen in BS or ERS, and this subgroup of patients was termed variants of ERS and BS (VEB). In 12 VEB patients, the J/ST/T-wave morphology was coved, although amplitudes were <0.2 mV. In 15 patients, noncoved-type J/ST/T-waves were present in the right precordial leads. In the remaining 23 patients, no J-waves were identified. VEB patients exhibited clinical characteristics similar to those of BS and ERS patients. Phenotypic transition and overlap were observed among patients with BS, ERS, and VEB. Twelve patients with BS had background inferolateral ER, while five ERS patients showed prominent right precordial J-waves. Patients with this transient phenotype overlap showed a significantly lower shock-free survival than the rest of the study patients. VEB patients demonstrate ECG phenotype similar to but distinct from those of BS and ERS. The spectral nature of J-wave morphology/distribution and phenotypic transition/overlap suggest a common pathophysiologic background in patients with VEB, BS, and ERS. Prognostic implication of these ECG variations requires further investigation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  5. Hyperspectral radiometer for automated measurement of global and diffuse sky irradiance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kuusk, Joel; Kuusk, Andres

    2018-01-01

    An automated hyperspectral radiometer for the measurement of global and diffuse sky irradiance, SkySpec, has been designed for providing the SMEAR-Estonia research station with spectrally-resolved solar radiation data. The spectroradiometer has been carefully studied in the optical radiometry laboratory of Tartu Observatory, Estonia. Recorded signals are corrected for spectral stray light as well as for changes in dark signal and spectroradiometer spectral responsivity due to temperature effects. Comparisons with measurements of shortwave radiation fluxes made at the Baseline Surface Radiation Network (BSRN) station at Tõravere, Estonia, and with fluxes simulated using the atmospheric radiative transfer model 6S and Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) data showed that the spectroradiometer is a reliable instrument that provides accurate estimates of integrated fluxes and of their spectral distribution. The recorded spectra can be used to estimate the amount of atmospheric constituents such as aerosol and column water vapor, which are needed for the atmospheric correction of spectral satellite images.

  6. SeaWiFS Technical Report Series. Volume 40; SeaWiFS Calibration Topics

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barnes, Robert A.; Eplee, Robert E., Jr.; Yeh, Eueng-nan; Esaias, Wayne E.

    1997-01-01

    For Earth-observing satellite instruments, it was standard to consider each instrument band to have a spectral response that is infinitely narrow, i.e., to have a response from a single wavelength. The SeaWiFS bands, however, have nominal spectral bandwidths of 20 and 40 nm. These bandwidths effect the SeaWiFS measurements on orbit. The effects are also linked to the manner in which the instrument was calibrated and to the spectral shape of the radiance that SeaWiFS views. The spectral shape of that radiance will not be well known on orbit. In this technical memorandum, two source spectra are examined. The first is a 12,000 K Planck function, and the second is based on the modeling results of H. Gordon at the University of Miami. By comparing these spectra, the best available corrections to the SeaWiFS measurements for source spectral shape, plus estimates of the uncertainties in these corrections, can be tabulated.

  7. Leaf area index retrieval using Hyperion EO-1 data-based vegetation indices in Himalayan forest system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, Dharmendra; Singh, Sarnam

    2016-04-01

    Present Study is being taken to retrieve Leaf Area Indexn(LAI) in Himalayan forest system using vegetation indices developed from Hyperion EO-1 hyperspectral data. Hemispherical photograph were captured in the month of March and April, 2012 at 40 locations, covering moist tropical Sal forest, subtropical Bauhinia and pine forest and temperate Oak forest and analysed using an open source GLA software. LAI in the study region was ranging in between 0.076 m2/m2 to 6.00 m2/m2. These LAI values were used to develop spectral models with the FLAASH corrected Hyperion measurements.Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used taking spectral reflectance values of all the possible combinations of 170 atmospherically corrected channels. The R2 was ranging from lowest 0.0 to highest 0.837 for the band combinations of spectral region 640 nm and 670 nm. The spectral model obtained was, spectral reflectance (y) = 0.02x LAI(x) - 0.0407.

  8. A calibration method of infrared LVF based spectroradiometer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Jiaqing; Han, Shunli; Liu, Lei; Hu, Dexin

    2017-10-01

    In this paper, a calibration method of LVF-based spectroradiometer is summarize, including spectral calibration and radiometric calibration. The spectral calibration process as follow: first, the relationship between stepping motor's step number and transmission wavelength is derivative by theoretical calculation, including a non-linearity correction of LVF;second, a line-to-line method was used to corrected the theoretical wavelength; Finally, the 3.39 μm and 10.69 μm laser is used for spectral calibration validation, show the sought 0.1% accuracy or better is achieved.A new sub-region multi-point calibration method is used for radiometric calibration to improving accuracy, results show the sought 1% accuracy or better is achieved.

  9. 12 CFR 615.5209 - Deferred-tax assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Capital Adequacy § 615.5209 Deferred-tax assets. For... within that year. (4) Financial projections must include the estimated effect of tax-planning strategies...

  10. 12 CFR 615.5209 - Deferred-tax assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Capital Adequacy § 615.5209 Deferred-tax assets. For... within that year. (4) Financial projections must include the estimated effect of tax-planning strategies...

  11. 12 CFR 615.5209 - Deferred-tax assets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS, LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Capital Adequacy § 615.5209 Deferred-tax assets. For... within that year. (4) Financial projections must include the estimated effect of tax-planning strategies...

  12. Deferred Maintenance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    DeLong, Richard A.

    1984-01-01

    Unusually hard hit by the 1970s recession, the University of Michigan accumulated more deferred maintenance problems than could be analyzed efficiently either by hand or with existing computer systems. Using an existing microcomputer and a database management software package, the maintenance service developed its own database to support…

  13. 37 CFR 401.15 - Deferred determinations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Deferred determinations. 401.15 Section 401.15 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR TECHNOLOGY POLICY, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE RIGHTS TO INVENTIONS MADE BY NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS AND SMALL BUSINESS FIRMS UNDER...

  14. 78 FR 58609 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-24

    ... Designated Roth Contributions to Cash or Deferred Arrangements Under Section 401(k). DATES: Written comments... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Title: Designated Roth Contributions to Cash or Deferred Arrangements Under Section... regulations provide guidance concerning the requirements for designated Roth contributions to qualified cash...

  15. 7 CFR 993.58 - Deferment of time for withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Deferment of time for withholding. 993.58 Section 993.58 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  16. 7 CFR 993.58 - Deferment of time for withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Deferment of time for withholding. 993.58 Section 993.58 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS AND ORDERS; FRUITS, VEGETABLES, NUTS), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  17. 7 CFR 993.58 - Deferment of time for withholding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Deferment of time for withholding. 993.58 Section 993.58 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DRIED...

  18. Solar array model corrections from Mars Pathfinder lander data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ewell, R.C.; Burger, D.R.

    1997-12-31

    The MESUR solar array power model initially assumed values for input variables. After landing early surface variables such as array tilt and azimuth or early environmental variables such as array temperature can be corrected. Correction of later environmental variables such as tau versus time, spectral shift, dust deposition, and UV darkening is dependent upon time, on-board science instruments, and ability to separate effects of variables. Engineering estimates had to be made for additional shadow losses and Voc sensor temperature corrections. Some variations had not been expected such as tau versus time of day, and spectral shift versus time of day.more » Additions needed to the model are thermal mass of lander petal and correction between Voc sensor and temperature sensor. Conclusions are: the model works well; good battery predictions are difficult; inclusion of Isc and Voc sensors was valuable; and the IMP and MAE science experiments greatly assisted the data analysis and model correction.« less

  19. Immediate vs. Deferred Switching from a Boosted Protease Inhibitor (PI/r) Based Regimen to a Dolutegravir (DTG) Based Regimen in Virologically Suppressed Patients with High Cardiovascular Risk or Age ≥50 years: Final 96 Weeks Results of NEAT 022 study.

    PubMed

    Gatell, José M; Assoumou, Lambert; Moyle, Graeme; Waters, Laura; Johnson, Margaret; Domingo, Pere; Fox, Julie; Martinez, Esteban; Stellbrink, Hans-Jürgen; Guaraldi, Giovanni; Masia, Mar; Gompels, Mark; De Wit, Stephane; Florence, Eric; Esser, Stefan; Raffi, François; Stephan, Christoph; Rockstroh, Juergen; Giacomelli, Andrea; Vera, Jaime; Bernardino, José Ignacio; Winston, Alan; Saumoy, Maria; Gras, Julien; Katlama, Christine; Pozniak, Anton L

    2018-06-14

    Both immediate or deferred switching from a PI/r to DTG may improve lipid profile. NEAT022 is a European, open label, randomized, trial. HIV-infected adults ≥ 50 years or with a Framingham score ≥10% were eligible if HIV RNA < 50 copies/mL. Patients were randomized to switch the PI/r to DTG immediately (DTG-I) or to deferred switch at week 48 (DTG-D) . Week 96 end-points were: proportion of patients with HIV RNA < 50 copies/ml, percentage change of lipid fractions and adverse events. 415 patients were randomized: 205 to DTG-I and 210 to continue PI/r plus a deferred switch (DTG-D) at week 48 . The primary objective of non-inferiority at week 48 was met. At week 96, treatment success rate was 92.2 % in DTG-I arm and 87% in DTG-D arm (difference 5.2%, 95% CI -0.6 to 11). There were 5 virological failures in the DTG-I arm and 5 (1 while on PI/r and 4 after switching to DTG) in the DTG-D arm without selection of resistance mutations. There was no significant difference in terms of grade 3 or 4 AE´s or treatment modifying AE´s. Total cholesterol and other lipid fractions (except HDL) significantly (p<0.001) improved both after immediate and deferred switching to DTG overall and regardless of baseline PI/r strata. Both immediate and deferred switching from a PI/r to a DTG regimen in virologically suppressed HIV patients ≥ 50 years old or with a Framingham score ≥10% was highly efficacious, well tolerated and improved lipid profile.

  20. 47 CFR 36.506 - Net current deferred operating income taxes-Account 4100, Net noncurrent deferred operating...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES JURISDICTIONAL SEPARATIONS...) Amounts in these accounts are maintained by plant account and are apportioned among the operations on the basis of the separations of the related plant accounts. ...

  1. 7 CFR 1721.105 - Application documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... establishing the ERC loan program. (c) Deferments for renewable energy projects. A Borrower requesting principal deferments for its renewable energy project must submit the following information: (1) A letter... financing a renewable energy project and describing the details of the project. (2) A copy of the board...

  2. 7 CFR 1721.105 - Application documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... establishing the ERC loan program. (c) Deferments for renewable energy projects. A Borrower requesting principal deferments for its renewable energy project must submit the following information: (1) A letter... financing a renewable energy project and describing the details of the project. (2) A copy of the board...

  3. 7 CFR 1721.105 - Application documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... establishing the ERC loan program. (c) Deferments for renewable energy projects. A Borrower requesting principal deferments for its renewable energy project must submit the following information: (1) A letter... financing a renewable energy project and describing the details of the project. (2) A copy of the board...

  4. 7 CFR 1721.105 - Application documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... establishing the ERC loan program. (c) Deferments for renewable energy projects. A Borrower requesting principal deferments for its renewable energy project must submit the following information: (1) A letter... financing a renewable energy project and describing the details of the project. (2) A copy of the board...

  5. 7 CFR 1721.105 - Application documents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... establishing the ERC loan program. (c) Deferments for renewable energy projects. A Borrower requesting principal deferments for its renewable energy project must submit the following information: (1) A letter... financing a renewable energy project and describing the details of the project. (2) A copy of the board...

  6. 47 CFR 36.506 - Net current deferred operating income taxes-Account 4100, Net noncurrent deferred operating...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES JURISDICTIONAL SEPARATIONS...) Amounts in these accounts are maintained by plant account and are apportioned among the operations on the basis of the separations of the related plant accounts. ...

  7. 12 CFR 325.5 - Miscellaneous.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... MAINTENANCE Minimum Capital Requirements § 325.5 Miscellaneous. (a) Intangible assets. Any intangible assets...-enhancing interest-only strips on a basis that is net of a proportional amount of any associated deferred tax liability recorded on the balance sheet. Any deferred tax liability netted in this manner cannot...

  8. 12 CFR 325.5 - Miscellaneous.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... MAINTENANCE Minimum Capital Requirements § 325.5 Miscellaneous. (a) Intangible assets. Any intangible assets...-enhancing interest-only strips on a basis that is net of a proportional amount of any associated deferred tax liability recorded on the balance sheet. Any deferred tax liability netted in this manner cannot...

  9. Deferred Maintenance.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kaiser, Harvey H.

    1980-01-01

    Facilities maintenance is seen as the most important item on the agenda of education in the 1980s. Definite action has been taken to identify deferred maintenance needs of several state systems and private colleges. Identifying and defining the problem is discussed along with comprehensive facilities management and survey guidelines. (MLW)

  10. Putting It Off until Tomorrow.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    O'Malley, Michael J.

    1991-01-01

    Increasingly, districts are using deferred compensation arrangements as part of the superintendent's total compensation package. Superintendents can fund such plans by purchasing tax-deferred annuities or single-premium life insurance policies. The latter seems a better plan for both the school board and the superintendent's family. (MLH)

  11. 48 CFR 32.607-2 - Deferment of collection.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... financially weak contractors, balancing the need for Government security against loss and undue hardship on... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Deferment of collection. 32.607-2 Section 32.607-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION...

  12. 75 FR 47898 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-09

    ... comments concerning an existing final regulation, REG-152354-04, Designated Roth Contributions to Cash or... INFORMATION: Title: Designated Roth Contributions to Cash or Deferred Arrangements Under Section 401(k). OMB... concerning the requirements for designated Roth contributions to qualified cash or deferred arrangements...

  13. 47 CFR 32.4340 - Net noncurrent deferred operating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4340 Net noncurrent deferred operating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance of income tax expense related to noncurrent items from regulated operations which have...

  14. 47 CFR 32.4110 - Net current deferred nonoperating income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR TELECOMMUNICATIONS COMPANIES Instructions for Balance Sheet Accounts § 32.4110 Net current deferred nonoperating income taxes. (a) This account shall include the balance of income tax expense resulting from comprehensive interpreted tax allocation which has...

  15. California; Bay Area Air Quality Management District; Determination To Defer Sanctions

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    EPA is making an interim final determination to defer imposition of sanctions based on a proposed determination that CARB submitted rules on behalf of BAAQMD that satisfy part D of the Clean Air Act for areas under the jurisdiction of the BAAQMD.

  16. Critical study of higher order numerical methods for solving the boundary-layer equations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wornom, S. F.

    1978-01-01

    A fourth order box method is presented for calculating numerical solutions to parabolic, partial differential equations in two variables or ordinary differential equations. The method, which is the natural extension of the second order box scheme to fourth order, was demonstrated with application to the incompressible, laminar and turbulent, boundary layer equations. The efficiency of the present method is compared with two point and three point higher order methods, namely, the Keller box scheme with Richardson extrapolation, the method of deferred corrections, a three point spline method, and a modified finite element method. For equivalent accuracy, numerical results show the present method to be more efficient than higher order methods for both laminar and turbulent flows.

  17. 17 CFR 256.282 - Accumulated deferred income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... taxable income is lower than pretax accounting income due to differences between the periods in which... (a) of this section where taxable income is higher than pretax accounting income due to differences... class, group, or unit. The underlying calculations to segregate and associate deferred tax amounts with...

  18. 29 CFR 1640.11 - EEOC review of deferred charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EEOC review of deferred charges. 1640.11 Section 1640.11 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATING THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS OR CHARGES OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION BASED ON DISABILITY...

  19. 78 FR 37719 - Interim Final Determination To Defer Sanctions; California; South Coast Air Quality Management...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-24

    ... Determination To Defer Sanctions; California; South Coast Air Quality Management District AGENCY: Environmental... Quality Management District's (SCAQMD) portion of the California State Implementation Plan (SIP) published... California submitted the ``South Coast Air Quality Management District Proposed Contingency Measures for the...

  20. Occupational Deferments in U. S. Industry.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Alden, John D.; Vetter, Betty M.

    Contained are the results and conclusions of a survey conducted in December, 1969, to ascertain the extent to which occupational deferments are an important factor in manpower utilization. A questionnaire was sent to employers in the following major employment categories - aerospace and defense; chemicals, metals and petroleum; construction and…

  1. 47 CFR 1.1404 - Complaint.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., maintenance, and administrative. These charges may be expressed as a percentage of the net pole investment... state court that determines the treatment of accumulated deferred taxes if it is at issue in the... deferred taxes. (x) The rate of return authorized for the utility for intrastate service. With its pleading...

  2. Understanding Annuity and Deferred Compensation Plans.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cifelli, Thomas A.

    1987-01-01

    Summarizes the rules governing Internal Revenue Code (IRC) section 403 (b) annuity plans and IRC section 427 deferred compensation plans. On balance, the burdensome annual form 550 filing requirement of 403 (b) plans seems more than offset by the disadvantages and increased responsibility associated with 427 plans. (MLH)

  3. Deferred Compensation for Personnel of Tax-Exempt Universities: Effective Use of Section 403(b) Plans.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crain, John L.; And Others

    1989-01-01

    Under the Tax Reform Act of 1986 many university employees are no longer able to make tax deductible contributions to an IRA. Several alternative plans of action are discussed including tax-deferred annuities. Tax planning strategies are offered. (MLW)

  4. 7 CFR 987.145 - Withholding obligation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... obligation for any variety of dates for which free and restricted percentages have been established by having an adequate quantity of that variety inspected and certified as meeting the applicable grade, size... to reflect any increase in weight. (d) Dates for deferment of withholding. Any handler may defer his...

  5. Assessment of motivations for return donation among deferred blood donors. American Red Cross ARCNET Study Group.

    PubMed

    Munsterman, K A; Grindon, A J; Sullivan, M T; Trouern-Trend, J; Blackmon, M J; Watkins, J; Williams, A E

    1998-01-01

    The recent addition of a computerized donor deferral registry to American Red Cross blood donation procedures has enabled blood center staffs to identify, before donation, persons who attempt to donate despite previous deferral. The current study investigated reasons that deferred donors return to donate, despite having been notified that they are ineligible. Anonymous mail surveys requesting demographic information, details of last donation or attempted donation, and assessments of incentives for donating were sent to 311 donors presenting inappropriately at blood drives and 849 matched controls in three American Red Cross regions between April and July 1996. Responses were received from a total of 113 deferred donors and 388 matched controls. Analysis of the 49 permanently deferred donors indicated that they were more likely than controls to donate blood to receive test results or to be awarded community service credit. Responses also revealed that some deferred donors may return to donate blood because of a misunderstanding of the deferral message or erroneous recruitment by blood center staff. There is a need before donation for the provision of educational materials regarding the window period of infection and for careful consideration of the use of incentives to attract donors to blood centers. It is also important to provide to donors a clear and consistent message regarding their test results and deferral status.

  6. Deferred imitation in 18-month-olds from two cultural contexts: the case of Cameroonian Nso farmer and German-middle class infants.

    PubMed

    Borchert, Sonja; Lamm, Bettina; Graf, Frauke; Knopf, Monika

    2013-12-01

    Imitative learning has been described in naturalistic studies for different cultures, but lab-based research studying imitative learning across different cultural contexts is almost missing. Therefore, imitative learning was assessed with 18-month-old German middle-class and Cameroonian Nso farmer infants - representing two highly different eco-cultural contexts associated with different cultural models, the psychological autonomy and the hierarchical relatedness - by using the deferred imitation paradigm. Study 1 revealed that the infants from both cultural contexts performed a higher number of target actions in the deferred imitation than in the baseline phase. Moreover, it was found that German middle-class infants showed a higher mean imitation rate as they performed more target actions in the deferred imitation phase compared with Cameroonian Nso farmer infants. It was speculated that the opportunity to manipulate the test objects directly after the demonstration of the target actions could enhance the mean deferred imitation rate of the Cameroonian Nso farmer infants which was confirmed in Study 2. Possible explanations for the differences in the amount of imitated target actions of German middle-class and Cameroonian Nso farmer infants are discussed considering the object-related, dyadic setting of the imitation paradigm with respect to the different learning contexts underlying the different cultural models of learning. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Radiometric and spectral stray light correction for the portable remote imaging spectrometer (PRISM) coastal ocean sensor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haag, Justin M.; Van Gorp, Byron E.; Mouroulis, Pantazis; Thompson, David R.

    2017-09-01

    The airborne Portable Remote Imaging Spectrometer (PRISM) instrument is based on a fast (F/1.8) Dyson spectrometer operating at 350-1050 nm and a two-mirror telescope combined with a Teledyne HyViSI 6604A detector array. Raw PRISM data contain electronic and optical artifacts that must be removed prior to radiometric calibration. We provide an overview of the process transforming raw digital numbers to calibrated radiance values. Electronic panel artifacts are first corrected using empirical relationships developed from laboratory data. The instrument spectral response functions (SRF) are reconstructed using a measurement-based optimization technique. Removal of SRF effects from the data improves retrieval of true spectra, particularly in the typically low-signal near-ultraviolet and near-infrared regions. As a final step, radiometric calibration is performed using corrected measurements of an object of known radiance. Implementation of the complete calibration procedure maximizes data quality in preparation for subsequent processing steps, such as atmospheric removal and spectral signature classification.

  8. Ground-Based Correction of Remote-Sensing Spectral Imagery

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Alder-Golden, Steven M.; Rochford, Peter; Matthew, Michael; Berk, Alexander

    2007-01-01

    Software has been developed for an improved method of correcting for the atmospheric optical effects (primarily, effects of aerosols and water vapor) in spectral images of the surface of the Earth acquired by airborne and spaceborne remote-sensing instruments. In this method, the variables needed for the corrections are extracted from the readings of a radiometer located on the ground in the vicinity of the scene of interest. The software includes algorithms that analyze measurement data acquired from a shadow-band radiometer. These algorithms are based on a prior radiation transport software model, called MODTRAN, that has been developed through several versions up to what are now known as MODTRAN4 and MODTRAN5 . These components have been integrated with a user-friendly Interactive Data Language (IDL) front end and an advanced version of MODTRAN4. Software tools for handling general data formats, performing a Langley-type calibration, and generating an output file of retrieved atmospheric parameters for use in another atmospheric-correction computer program known as FLAASH have also been incorporated into the present soft-ware. Concomitantly with the soft-ware described thus far, there has been developed a version of FLAASH that utilizes the retrieved atmospheric parameters to process spectral image data.

  9. Interference correction by extracting the information of interference dominant regions: Application to near-infrared spectra

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bi, Yiming; Tang, Liang; Shan, Peng; Xie, Qiong; Hu, Yong; Peng, Silong; Tan, Jie; Li, Changwen

    2014-08-01

    Interference such as baseline drift and light scattering can degrade the model predictability in multivariate analysis of near-infrared (NIR) spectra. Usually interference can be represented by an additive and a multiplicative factor. In order to eliminate these interferences, correction parameters are needed to be estimated from spectra. However, the spectra are often mixed of physical light scattering effects and chemical light absorbance effects, making it difficult for parameter estimation. Herein, a novel algorithm was proposed to find a spectral region automatically that the interesting chemical absorbance and noise are low, that is, finding an interference dominant region (IDR). Based on the definition of IDR, a two-step method was proposed to find the optimal IDR and the corresponding correction parameters estimated from IDR. Finally, the correction was performed to the full spectral range using previously obtained parameters for the calibration set and test set, respectively. The method can be applied to multi target systems with one IDR suitable for all targeted analytes. Tested on two benchmark data sets of near-infrared spectra, the performance of the proposed method provided considerable improvement compared with full spectral estimation methods and comparable with other state-of-art methods.

  10. Multi-objective optimization for an automated and simultaneous phase and baseline correction of NMR spectral data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sawall, Mathias; von Harbou, Erik; Moog, Annekathrin; Behrens, Richard; Schröder, Henning; Simoneau, Joël; Steimers, Ellen; Neymeyr, Klaus

    2018-04-01

    Spectral data preprocessing is an integral and sometimes inevitable part of chemometric analyses. For Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra a possible first preprocessing step is a phase correction which is applied to the Fourier transformed free induction decay (FID) signal. This preprocessing step can be followed by a separate baseline correction step. Especially if series of high-resolution spectra are considered, then automated and computationally fast preprocessing routines are desirable. A new method is suggested that applies the phase and the baseline corrections simultaneously in an automated form without manual input, which distinguishes this work from other approaches. The underlying multi-objective optimization or Pareto optimization provides improved results compared to consecutively applied correction steps. The optimization process uses an objective function which applies strong penalty constraints and weaker regularization conditions. The new method includes an approach for the detection of zero baseline regions. The baseline correction uses a modified Whittaker smoother. The functionality of the new method is demonstrated for experimental NMR spectra. The results are verified against gravimetric data. The method is compared to alternative preprocessing tools. Additionally, the simultaneous correction method is compared to a consecutive application of the two correction steps.

  11. Atmospheric correction of AVIRIS data in ocean waters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Terrie, Gregory; Arnone, Robert

    1992-01-01

    Hyperspectral data offers unique capabilities for characterizing the ocean environment. The spectral characterization of the composition of ocean waters can be organized into biological and terrigenous components. Biological photosynthetic pigments in ocean waters have unique spectral ocean color signatures which can be associated with different biological species. Additionally, suspended sediment has different scattering coefficients which result in ocean color signatures. Measuring the spatial distributions of these components in the maritime environments provides important tools for understanding and monitoring the ocean environment. These tools have significant applications in pollution, carbon cycle, current and water mass detection, location of fronts and eddies, sewage discharge and fate etc. Ocean color was used from satellite for describing the spatial variability of chlorophyll, water clarity (K(sub 490)), suspended sediment concentration, currents etc. Additionally, with improved atmospheric correction methods, ocean color results produced global products of spectral water leaving radiance (L(sub W)). Ocean color results clearly indicated strong applications for characterizing the spatial and temporal variability of bio-optical oceanography. These studies were largely the results of advanced atmospheric correction techniques applied to multispectral imagery. The atmosphere contributes approximately 80 percent - 90 percent of the satellite received radiance in the blue-green portion of the spectrum. In deep ocean waters, maximum transmission of visible radiance is achieved at 490nm. Conversely, nearly all of the light is absorbed by the water at wavelengths greater than about 650nm and thus appears black. These spectral ocean properties are exploited by algorithms developed for the atmospheric correction used in satellite ocean color processing. The objective was to apply atmospheric correction techniques that were used for procesing satellite Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) data to AVIRIS data. Quantitative measures of L(sub W) from AVIRIS are compared with ship ground truth data and input into bio-optical models.

  12. [Spectral-Doppler-Sonography - Step by Step].

    PubMed

    Bönhof, Leoni; Steffgen, Ludwig; Bönhof, Jörg

    2018-06-07

    Step by step explanation and detailed overview of the correct approach to spectral-Doppler-sonography, including several practical examples. The article provides comprehensive explanations of the appropriate settings in different situations. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

  13. A reference tristimulus colorimeter

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Eppeldauer, George P.

    2002-06-01

    A reference tristimulus colorimeter has been developed at NIST with a transmission-type silicon trap detector (1) and four temperature-controlled filter packages to realize the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) x(λ), y(λ) and z(λ) color matching functions (2). Instead of lamp standards, high accuracy detector standards are used for the colorimeter calibration. A detector-based calibration procedure is being suggested for tristimulus colorimeters wehre the absolute spectral responsivity of the tristimulus channels is determined. Then, color (spectral) correct and peak (amplitude) normalization are applied to minimize uncertainties caused by the imperfect realizations of the CIE functions. As a result of the corrections, the chromaticity coordinates of stable light sources with different spectral power distributions can be measured with uncertainties less than 0.0005 (k=1).

  14. 29 CFR 1640.10 - Section 504 agency review of deferred complaints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 4 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Section 504 agency review of deferred complaints. 1640.10 Section 1640.10 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION PROCEDURES FOR COORDINATING THE INVESTIGATION OF COMPLAINTS OR CHARGES OF EMPLOYMENT DISCRIMINATION BASED ON...

  15. 76 FR 28661 - Interim Final Determination To Defer Sanctions, Sacramento Metro 1-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-18

    ... Determination To Defer Sanctions, Sacramento Metro 1-Hour Ozone Nonattainment Area, California AGENCY... Act (CAA) Section 185 fee program (Termination Determination) for the Sacramento Metro 1- hour Ozone nonattainment area (Sacramento Metro Area) to satisfy anti- backsliding requirements for the 1-hour Ozone...

  16. School Facilities and Deferred Maintenance. Issuegram 43.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McGuire, C. Kent

    School systems have been forced to postpone purchases of new equipment and to defer repair and renovation projects. At present, 39 states provide support for local school district capital expenditures through five primary mechnanisms: full state assumption, state/local sharing, state flat grant, state equalizing grant, and state loans. In response…

  17. Deferring Totality: An Anti-Dialectic Theory of Identity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Powell, David M.; Noel, Jana

    2010-01-01

    Using Derrida's concept of deferring totality, Deleuze's concept of the logic of multiplicities, and Butler's "sliding scale," this paper presents an anti-dialectic theory of identity, one that recognizes the permanent deferral of the very concept of identity--a non-synthesized, non-resolved identity--that values the hybridity of identities.…

  18. 18 CFR 367.1860 - Account 186, Miscellaneous deferred debits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY REGULATIONS UNDER THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY... COMPANIES SUBJECT TO THE PROVISIONS OF THE PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT Balance Sheet Chart of Accounts Deferred Debits § 367.1860 Account 186, Miscellaneous...

  19. 26 CFR 1.174-4 - Treatment as deferred expenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... period. Application for permission to change to a different method of treating research or experimental... as deferred expenses. (a) In general. (1) If a taxpayer has not adopted the method provided in section 174(a) of treating research or experimental expenditures paid or incurred by him in connection...

  20. 34 CFR 535.54 - Under what circumstances is repayment deferred?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Under what circumstances is repayment deferred? 535.54 Section 535.54 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF BILINGUAL EDUCATION AND MINORITY LANGUAGES AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BILINGUAL EDUCATION: GRADUATE...

  1. 76 FR 34295 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 8404

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-13

    ... concerning Form 8404, Interest Charge on DISC-Related Deferred Tax Liability. DATES: Written comments should... Deferred Tax Liability. OMB Number: 1545-0939. Form Number: 8404. Abstract: Shareholders of Interest Charge Domestic International Sales Corporations (IC-DISCs) use Form 8404 to figure and report an interest charge...

  2. 18 CFR 367.2530 - Account, 253, Other deferred credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account, 253, Other deferred credits. 367.2530 Section 367.2530 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY..., FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED SERVICE COMPANIES SUBJECT...

  3. Do Students Need a Deferred Tuition Payment Plan?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Duplass, James A.

    1984-01-01

    Wayne State University's experiences in altering its deferred tuition payment plan to improve cash flow but not adversely affect enrollment are outlined and analyzed. The new plan saved money for the university and encouraged early registration, and most students opted to prepay tuition, saving the late payment fee. (MSE)

  4. 26 CFR 1.597-5 - Taxable Transfers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... has a positive balance in a deferred FFA account (see § 1.597-2(c)(4)(v) regarding the optional accelerated recapture of deferred FFA); or (iv) With respect to a Consolidated Subsidiary, while the... Guarantees, yield maintenance payments, cost to carry or cost of funds reimbursement payments, or expense...

  5. 26 CFR 1.597-5 - Taxable Transfers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... has a positive balance in a deferred FFA account (see § 1.597-2(c)(4)(v) regarding the optional accelerated recapture of deferred FFA); or (iv) With respect to a Consolidated Subsidiary, while the... Guarantees, yield maintenance payments, cost to carry or cost of funds reimbursement payments, or expense...

  6. 26 CFR 1.597-5 - Taxable Transfers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... has a positive balance in a deferred FFA account (see § 1.597-2(c)(4)(v) regarding the optional accelerated recapture of deferred FFA); or (iv) With respect to a Consolidated Subsidiary, while the... Guarantees, yield maintenance payments, cost to carry or cost of funds reimbursement payments, or expense...

  7. 26 CFR 1.597-5 - Taxable Transfers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... has a positive balance in a deferred FFA account (see § 1.597-2(c)(4)(v) regarding the optional accelerated recapture of deferred FFA); or (iv) With respect to a Consolidated Subsidiary, while the... Guarantees, yield maintenance payments, cost to carry or cost of funds reimbursement payments, or expense...

  8. 18 CFR 300.11 - Technical support for the rate schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... historic period or are expected to produce revenue during the rate test period; (B) Capitalized deferred...) Whether the investment is an initial investment, an addition, a replacement, or a capitalized deferred..., Maintenance and Other Annual Expenses. Statement E must contain, for the last five years of the historic...

  9. 75 FR 30905 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-02

    ... Deferred Under Section 6166 or 6166A (Section 301.6324A-1). Notice 2007-90 provides additional guidance...: Special Lien for Estate Taxes Deferred Under Section 6166 or 6166A. OMB Number: 1545-0757. Regulation... costs and costs of operation, maintenance, and purchase of services to provide information. Approved...

  10. 18 CFR 300.11 - Technical support for the rate schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... historic period or are expected to produce revenue during the rate test period; (B) Capitalized deferred...) Whether the investment is an initial investment, an addition, a replacement, or a capitalized deferred..., Maintenance and Other Annual Expenses. Statement E must contain, for the last five years of the historic...

  11. 18 CFR 300.11 - Technical support for the rate schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... historic period or are expected to produce revenue during the rate test period; (B) Capitalized deferred...) Whether the investment is an initial investment, an addition, a replacement, or a capitalized deferred..., Maintenance and Other Annual Expenses. Statement E must contain, for the last five years of the historic...

  12. 18 CFR 300.11 - Technical support for the rate schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... historic period or are expected to produce revenue during the rate test period; (B) Capitalized deferred...) Whether the investment is an initial investment, an addition, a replacement, or a capitalized deferred..., Maintenance and Other Annual Expenses. Statement E must contain, for the last five years of the historic...

  13. 78 FR 27296 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-09

    ... taxpayers to defer for 5 years taxation of certain income arising in 2009 or 2010. Taxpayers then must include the deferred amount in income ratably over 5 years. The election statement advises that a taxpayer...) estimates of capital or start-up costs and costs of operation, maintenance, and purchase of services to...

  14. 18 CFR 300.11 - Technical support for the rate schedule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... historic period or are expected to produce revenue during the rate test period; (B) Capitalized deferred...) Whether the investment is an initial investment, an addition, a replacement, or a capitalized deferred..., Maintenance and Other Annual Expenses. Statement E must contain, for the last five years of the historic...

  15. Patterns of Brain-Electrical Activity during Declarative Memory Performance in 10-Month-Old Infants

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Morasch, Katherine C.; Bell, Martha Ann

    2009-01-01

    This study of infant declarative memory concurrently examined brain-electrical activity and deferred imitation performance in 10-month-old infants. Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) measures were collected throughout the activity-matched baseline, encoding (modeling) and retrieval (delayed test) phases of a within-subjects deferred imitation…

  16. Committed to Conservation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boulard, Garry

    2009-01-01

    Addressing ongoing and costly deferred-maintenance needs is a challenge for any two- or four-year school. During an economically challenging time, many HBCUs have put energy efficiency and other green projects on the back burner. However, some are finding that deferred maintenance does not have to be a barrier to becoming green. Despite budget…

  17. Socioscientific and Epistemic Dimensions of Support for Science: Associations with Science Education and Religiosity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stewart, Craig O.; McConnell, John R., III; Dickerson, Daniel L.

    2017-01-01

    This study investigated deference to scientific authority [Brossard, D., & Nisbet, M. C. (2007). "Deference to scientific authority among a low information public: Understanding U.S. opinion on agricultural biotechnology." "International Journal of Public Opinion Research," 19, 24-52] as it relates to support for science…

  18. 76 FR 56116 - Interim Final Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-12

    ... Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... on a proposed approval of revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District... Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental...

  19. 76 FR 76046 - Interim Final Determination To Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-06

    ... Determination To Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District (SJVUAPCD or District) portion of the California State...), we finalized a limited approval and limited disapproval of San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution...

  20. 76 FR 56114 - Interim Final Determination to Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-12

    ... Determination to Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... on a proposed approval of revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District... Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental...

  1. 19 CFR 24.26 - Automated Clearinghouse credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... transmit statement processing payments (see § 24.25) or deferred tax payments (see § 24.4) or bill payments... number or CBP assigned number); and 3-digit filer code. (c) Routing and format instructions. Following... number, entry or warehouse withdrawal number for a deferred tax payment, or bill number); payment type...

  2. 19 CFR 24.26 - Automated Clearinghouse credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... transmit statement processing payments (see § 24.25) or deferred tax payments (see § 24.4) or bill payments... number or CBP assigned number); and 3-digit filer code. (c) Routing and format instructions. Following... number, entry or warehouse withdrawal number for a deferred tax payment, or bill number); payment type...

  3. 17 CFR 256.255 - Accumulated deferred investment tax credits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... investment tax credits. 256.255 Section 256.255 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE... investment tax credits. (a) This account shall be credited and account 411.5, Investment tax credit, debited with investment tax credits deferred by companies which do not apply such credits as a reduction of the...

  4. 75 FR 25856 - Release of Exposure Draft on Definitional Changes Related to Deferred Maintenance and Repairs...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-10

    ... Property, Plant, and Equipment. The proposed Exposure Draft represents a first step toward improving... Related to Deferred Maintenance and Repairs: Amending SFFAS 6, Accounting for Property, Plant, and Equipment AGENCY: Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board. ACTION: Notice. Board Action: Pursuant to 31...

  5. Infrared spectral imaging as a novel approach for histopathological recognition in colon cancer diagnosis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nallala, Jayakrupakar; Gobinet, Cyril; Diebold, Marie-Danièle; Untereiner, Valérie; Bouché, Olivier; Manfait, Michel; Sockalingum, Ganesh Dhruvananda; Piot, Olivier

    2012-11-01

    Innovative diagnostic methods are the need of the hour that could complement conventional histopathology for cancer diagnosis. In this perspective, we propose a new concept based on spectral histopathology, using IR spectral micro-imaging, directly applied to paraffinized colon tissue array stabilized in an agarose matrix without any chemical pre-treatment. In order to correct spectral interferences from paraffin and agarose, a mathematical procedure is implemented. The corrected spectral images are then processed by a multivariate clustering method to automatically recover, on the basis of their intrinsic molecular composition, the main histological classes of the normal and the tumoral colon tissue. The spectral signatures from different histological classes of the colonic tissues are analyzed using statistical methods (Kruskal-Wallis test and principal component analysis) to identify the most discriminant IR features. These features allow characterizing some of the biomolecular alterations associated with malignancy. Thus, via a single analysis, in a label-free and nondestructive manner, main changes associated with nucleotide, carbohydrates, and collagen features can be identified simultaneously between the compared normal and the cancerous tissues. The present study demonstrates the potential of IR spectral imaging as a complementary modern tool, to conventional histopathology, for an objective cancer diagnosis directly from paraffin-embedded tissue arrays.

  6. Characterization of spatial and spectral resolution of a rotating prism chromotomographic hyperspectral imager

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bostick, Randall L.; Perram, Glen P.; Tuttle, Ronald

    2009-05-01

    The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) has built a rotating prism chromotomographic hyperspectral imager (CTI) with the goal of extending the technology to exploit spatially extended sources with quickly varying (> 10 Hz) phenomenology, such as bomb detonations and muzzle flashes. This technology collects successive frames of 2-D data dispersed at different angles multiplexing spatial and spectral information which can then be used to reconstruct any arbitrary spectral plane(s). In this paper, the design of the AFIT instrument is described and then tested against a spectral target with near point source spatial characteristics to measure spectral and spatial resolution. It will be shown that, in theory, the spectral and spatial resolution in the 3-D spectral image cube is the nearly the same as a simple prism spectrograph with the same design. However, error in the knowledge of the prism linear dispersion at the detector array as a function of wavelength and projection angle will degrade resolution without further corrections. With minimal correction for error and use of a simple shift-and-add reconstruction algorithm, the CTI is able to produce a spatial resolution of about 2 mm in the object plane (234 μrad IFOV) and is limited by chromatic aberration. A spectral resolution of less than 1nm at shorter wavelengths is shown, limited primarily by prism dispersion.

  7. SPECTRAL SMILE CORRECTION IN CRISM HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGES

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ceamanos, X.; Doute, S.

    2009-12-01

    The Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) is affected by a common artifact in "push-broom" sensors, the so-called "spectral smile". As a consequence, both central wavelength and spectral width of the spectral response vary along the across-track dimension, thus giving rise to a shifting and smoothing of spectra (see Fig. 1 (left)). In fact, both effects are greater for spectra on the edges, while they are minimum for data acquired by central detectors, the so-called "sweet spot". The prior artifacts become particularly critical for Martian observations which contain steep spectra such as CO2 ice-rich polar images. Fig. 1 (right) shows the horizontal brightness gradient which appears in every band corresponding to a steep portion of spectra. The correction of CRISM spectral smile is addressed using a two-step method which aims at modifying data sensibly in order to mimic the optimal CRISM response. First, all spectra, which are previously interpolated by cubic splines, are resampled to the "sweet spot" wavelengths in order to overcome the spectra shift. Secondly, the non-uniform spectral width is overcome by mimicking an increase of spectral resolution thanks to a spectral sharpening. In order to minimize noise, only bands particularly suffering from smile are selected. First, bands corresponding to the outliers of the Minimum Noise Transformation (MNF) eigenvector, which corresponds to the MNF band related to smile (MNF-smile), are selected. Then, a spectral neighborhood Θi, which takes into account the local spectral convexity or concavity, is defined for every selected band in order to maximize spectral shape preservation. The proposed sharpening technique takes into account both the instrument parameters and the observed spectra. First, every reflectance value belonging to a Θi is reevaluated by a sharpening which depends on a ratio of the spectral width of the current detector and the "sweet spot" one. Then, the optimal degree of sharpening for every Θi is determined thanks to a loop of sharpening procedures, which is assessed by the examination of an estimation of the smile energy (the MNF-smile eigenvalue). As a matter of fact, a higher sharpening is performed on Θi as long as the smile energy decreases. Experiments on CRISM data show remarkable results regarding the decrease of smile energy (up to 80%) and the spectral shape preservation. In fact, initial smile-affected spectra do no longer show shifting nor smoothing (see Fig. 2). Line-averaged spectra and band 155 of FRT5AE3_07 showing spectral smile effects Line-averaged spectra and band 155 of smile-corrected FRT5AE3_07

  8. Primordial spectra of slow-roll inflation at second-order with the Gauss-Bonnet correction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Qiang; Zhu, Tao; Wang, Anzhong

    2018-05-01

    The slow-roll inflation for a single scalar field that couples to the Gauss-Bonnet (GB) term represents an important higher-order curvature correction inspired by string theory. With the arrival of the era of precision cosmology, it is expected that the high-order corrections become more and more important. In this paper we study the observational predictions of the slow-roll inflation with the GB term by using the third-order uniform asymptotic approximation method. We calculate explicitly the primordial power spectra, spectral indices, running of the spectral indices for both scalar and tensor perturbations, and the ratio between tensor and scalar spectra. These expressions are all written in terms of the Hubble and GB coupling flow parameters and expanded up to the next-to-leading order in the slow-roll expansions so they represent the most accurate results obtained so far in the literature. In addition, by studying the theoretical predictions of the scalar spectral index and the tensor-to-scalar ratio with the Planck 2015 constraints in a model with power-law potential and GB coupling, we show that the second-order corrections are important in the future measurements. We expect that the understanding of the GB corrections in the primordial spectra and their constraints by forthcoming observational data will provide clues for the UV complete theory of quantum gravity, such as the string/M-theory.

  9. Correlation analysis between forest carbon stock and spectral vegetation indices in Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa, Viet Nam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dung Nguyen, The; Kappas, Martin

    2017-04-01

    In the last several years, the interest in forest biomass and carbon stock estimation has increased due to its importance for forest management, modelling carbon cycle, and other ecosystem services. However, no estimates of biomass and carbon stocks of deferent forest cover types exist throughout in the Xuan Lien Nature Reserve, Thanh Hoa, Viet Nam. This study investigates the relationship between above ground carbon stock and different vegetation indices and to identify the most likely vegetation index that best correlate with forest carbon stock. The terrestrial inventory data come from 380 sample plots that were randomly sampled. Individual tree parameters such as DBH and tree height were collected to calculate the above ground volume, biomass and carbon for different forest types. The SPOT6 2013 satellite data was used in the study to obtain five vegetation indices NDVI, RDVI, MSR, RVI, and EVI. The relationships between the forest carbon stock and vegetation indices were investigated using a multiple linear regression analysis. R-square, RMSE values and cross-validation were used to measure the strength and validate the performance of the models. The methodology presented here demonstrates the possibility of estimating forest volume, biomass and carbon stock. It can also be further improved by addressing more spectral bands data and/or elevation.

  10. Assessment of AVIRIS data from vegetated sites in the Owens Valley, California

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rock, B. N.; Elvidge, Christopher D.; Defeo, N. J.

    1988-01-01

    Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data were acquired from the Bishop, CA area, located at the northern end of the Owens Valley, on July 30, 1987. Radiometrically-corrected AVIRIS data were flat-field corrected, and spectral curves produced and analyzed for pixels taken from both native and cultivated vegetation sites, using the JPS SPAM software program and PC-based spreadsheet programs. Analyses focussed on the chlorophyll well and red edge portions of the spectral curves. Results include the following: AVIRIS spectral data are acquired at sufficient spectral resolution to allow detection of blue shifts of both the chlorophyll well and red edge in moisture-stressed vegetation when compared with non-stressed vegetation; a normalization of selected parameters (chlorophyll well and near infrared shoulder) may be used to emphasize the shift in red edge position; and the presence of the red edge in AVIRIS spectral curves may be useful in detecting small amounts (20 to 30 pct cover) of semi-arid and arid vegetation ground cover. A discussion of possible causes of AVIRIS red edge shifts in respsonse to stress is presented.

  11. Eliminating Bias In Acousto-Optical Spectrum Analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ansari, Homayoon; Lesh, James R.

    1992-01-01

    Scheme for digital processing of video signals in acousto-optical spectrum analyzer provides real-time correction for signal-dependent spectral bias. Spectrum analyzer described in "Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optical Spectrum Analyzer" (NPO-18092), related apparatus described in "Three-Dimensional Acousto-Optical Spectrum Analyzer" (NPO-18122). Essence of correction is to average over digitized outputs of pixels in each CCD row and to subtract this from the digitized output of each pixel in row. Signal processed electro-optically with reference-function signals to form two-dimensional spectral image in CCD camera.

  12. 78 FR 11279 - Loan Originator Compensation Requirements Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-15

    ...' understanding of and choices with respect to points and fees. This final rule is designed primarily to protect... non-deferred profits-based compensation if the individual loan originator originated ten or fewer mortgage transactions during the preceding 12 months; and (3) bonuses and other types of non-deferred...

  13. 76 FR 12415 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 2007-100

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-07

    ... compensation plan to comply with section 409A(a). It also describes the types of operational failures that can... Deferred Compensation Plan to Comply with section 409(a) in Operation. DATES: Written comments should be... Nonqualified Deferred Compensation Plan to Comply with section 409(a) in Operation OMB Number: 1545-2086...

  14. 78 FR 10554 - Interim Final Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-14

    ... Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District AGENCY... on a proposed approval of a revision to the Sacramento Metropolitan Air Quality Management District... therefore is not subject to review by the Office of Management and Budget. This action is not subject to...

  15. Education Equality: What Happens to a Dream Deferred?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Annie

    2014-01-01

    What happens if Americans fundamental freedoms are denied or deferred? What is the ideal of freedom? Boston, Massachusetts, has long been a crucible for social, cultural, and political change. Here was the shot heard 'round the world, stronghold of abolition, home to the U.S. Colored Troops, the birthplace of American literature.... Boston is also…

  16. 7 CFR 1703.309 - Terms of repayment of deferred loan payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... monthly or quarterly basis depending on the existing repayment terms of the direct loan or insured loan.... The deferment payments will be made on either a monthly or quarterly basis depending on the existing... community, business, or economic development projects not included in paragraph (a) of this section, the...

  17. 17 CFR 230.237 - Exemption for offers and sales to certain Canadian tax-deferred retirement savings accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... retirement savings accounts. (a) Definitions. As used in this section: (1) Canadian law means the federal... “Registered Retirement Savings Plan” or “Registered Retirement Income Fund” administered under Canadian law...; and (ii) Established in Canada, administered under Canadian law, and qualified for tax-deferred...

  18. 18 CFR 367.1900 - Account 190, Accumulated deferred income taxes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 190, Accumulated deferred income taxes. 367.1900 Section 367.1900 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL... ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED SERVICE...

  19. The Costs and Benefits of Deferred Giving.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fink, Norman S.; Metzler, Howard C.

    It is argued in this book that while there can be a significant payoff for deferred giving programs, it is important to determine their cost effectiveness. Modern business methods of cost accounting, benefits analysis, and actuarial and econometric forecasting are applied to the Pomona College plan, whose study was supported by Lilly Endowment,…

  20. 48 CFR 252.227-7027 - Deferred ordering of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7027 Section 252.227-7027 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(b), use the following clause: Deferred Ordering of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) In addition to technical data or computer software...

  1. 48 CFR 252.227-7027 - Deferred ordering of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7027 Section 252.227-7027 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(b), use the following clause: Deferred Ordering of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) In addition to technical data or computer software...

  2. 48 CFR 252.227-7026 - Deferred delivery of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7026 Section 252.227-7026 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(a), use the following clause: Deferred Delivery of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) The Government shall have the right to require, at...

  3. 48 CFR 252.227-7027 - Deferred ordering of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7027 Section 252.227-7027 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(b), use the following clause: Deferred Ordering of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) In addition to technical data or computer software...

  4. 48 CFR 252.227-7027 - Deferred ordering of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7027 Section 252.227-7027 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(b), use the following clause: Deferred Ordering of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) In addition to technical data or computer software...

  5. 48 CFR 252.227-7026 - Deferred delivery of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7026 Section 252.227-7026 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(a), use the following clause: Deferred Delivery of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) The Government shall have the right to require, at...

  6. 48 CFR 252.227-7026 - Deferred delivery of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7026 Section 252.227-7026 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(a), use the following clause: Deferred Delivery of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) The Government shall have the right to require, at...

  7. 48 CFR 252.227-7027 - Deferred ordering of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7027 Section 252.227-7027 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(b), use the following clause: Deferred Ordering of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) In addition to technical data or computer software...

  8. 48 CFR 252.227-7026 - Deferred delivery of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7026 Section 252.227-7026 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(a), use the following clause: Deferred Delivery of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) The Government shall have the right to require, at...

  9. 48 CFR 252.227-7026 - Deferred delivery of technical data or computer software.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... technical data or computer software. 252.227-7026 Section 252.227-7026 Federal Acquisition Regulations... data or computer software. As prescribed at 227.7103-8(a), use the following clause: Deferred Delivery of Technical Data or Computer Software (APR 1988) The Government shall have the right to require, at...

  10. Facing the Issue of Facilities Maintenance in California Public Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    California State Postsecondary Education Commission, Sacramento.

    The decision to defer facilities maintenance obligations in California higher education and the extent to which maintenance has been deferred are discussed. Attention is also directed to the educational and fiscal context in which this decision has been made nationally. The policies and procedures governing facilities maintenance and deferral in…

  11. Deferred Capital Renewal as a Spoiler for Campus Programs

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Whitefield, Joe

    2010-01-01

    For facilities managers, deferred capital renewal (DCR) is the issue that, in many ways, can play the role of spoiler for other programs and initiatives are that important to their campuses. In particular, operations and maintenance programs, campus growth strategies, and even sustainability programs can suffer setbacks caused by the unplanned…

  12. Deferred Maintenance and the Americans with Disabilities Act.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Jerry S.

    1997-01-01

    A national survey investigated actions taken by 338 colleges and universities on deferred maintenance, amount spent to comply with the Americans with Disabilities Act, spending needed to achieve compliance, how long it will take to achieve that goal, and how many institutions had been identified in a complaint or lawsuit. Results are reported by…

  13. The Condition of the Infrastructure of New York Schools: Who Pays and Who Benefits?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crampton, Faith E.

    1991-01-01

    Insufficient resource allocation to facilities maintenance and decisions to defer maintenance are contributors to a backlog of deferred maintenance nationwide. Focuses on the infrastructure of New York schools and suggests incentives at the state level to ensure adequate attention is given to plant maintenance. (eight references) (MLF)

  14. Is Deferred Maintenance Putting Your College at Risk?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abramson, Paul

    1997-01-01

    There is a national increase in the deferred maintenance of colleges and universities in the United States. The resulting deterioration represents a threat to the capability of higher education facilities to support mission of the colleges and universities they house. A series of questions concerning what the problems are and how they can be…

  15. Deference, Denial, and Beyond: A Repertoire Approach to Mass Media and Schooling

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rymes, Betsy

    2011-01-01

    In this article, the author outlines two general research approaches, within the education world, to these mass-mediated formations: "Deference" and "Denial." Researchers who recognize the social practices that give local meaning to mass media formations and ways of speaking do not attempt to recontextualize youth media in their own social…

  16. 26 CFR 1.1031(k)-1 - Treatment of deferred exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Treatment of deferred exchanges. 1.1031(k)-1 Section 1.1031(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Common Nontaxable Exchanges § 1.1031(k)-1 Treatment of...

  17. 26 CFR 1.1031(k)-1 - Treatment of deferred exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Treatment of deferred exchanges. 1.1031(k)-1 Section 1.1031(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Common Nontaxable Exchanges § 1.1031(k)-1 Treatment of...

  18. 26 CFR 1.1031(k)-1 - Treatment of deferred exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Treatment of deferred exchanges. 1.1031(k)-1 Section 1.1031(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Common Nontaxable Exchanges § 1.1031(k)-1 Treatment of...

  19. 26 CFR 1.1031(k)-1 - Treatment of deferred exchanges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Treatment of deferred exchanges. 1.1031(k)-1 Section 1.1031(k)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Common Nontaxable Exchanges § 1.1031(k)-1 Treatment of...

  20. Strips, Clearcuts, And Deferment Cuts: Harvest Costs And Site Impacts For Alternative Prescriptions In Upland Hardwoods

    Treesearch

    Robert B. Rummer; Emily Carter; Bryce Stokes; John Klepac

    1997-01-01

    Clearcutting upland hardwood stands is a common management prescription in the South which maximizes harvest efficiency. However, with increasing concerns about esthetics and ecological impacts, a better understanding of alternative treatments is needed. This study compared conventional block clearcutting, strip clearcutting, and deferment cutting in replicated...

  1. 75 FR 10018 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Notice 98-1 and REG-108639-99

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-04

    ... (TD 1969), Retirement Plans; Cash or Deferred Arrangements Under Section 401(k) and Matching... Plans; Cash or Deferred Arrangements Under Section 401(k) and Matching Contributions or Employee...) estimates of capital or start-up costs and costs of operation, maintenance, and purchase of services to...

  2. 7 CFR 1703.311 - Application procedures for deferment of loan payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... specific project; (iii) Contain information on the type of project and the length of deferment requested as... and disclose all information regarding any potential conflict of interest or appearance of a conflict... applicable, the number and type of jobs to be created; and (9) Submit to the Administrator a letter of...

  3. Deferring Higher Education Fees without Relying on Contributions from Non-Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Del Rey, Elena

    2012-01-01

    The benefits of deferring the payment of higher-education costs are increasingly acknowledged as a way to overcome student-borrowing constraints. Since higher education is a risky investment and students are generally risk averse, the repayment arrangements proposed in the literature frequently include some insurance. In a competitive environment,…

  4. 76 FR 59254 - Interim Final Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-26

    ... Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... on a proposed approval of revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District...)(2)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control...

  5. 76 FR 45199 - Interim Final Determination To Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-28

    ... Determination To Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District, CA AGENCY... limited approval and limited disapproval of revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution... section 307(b)(2)). List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control...

  6. 77 FR 24857 - Interim Final Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-26

    ... Determination To Stay and Defer Sanctions, San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District AGENCY... on a proposed approval of revisions to the San Joaquin Valley Unified Air Pollution Control District... Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52 Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Intergovernmental regulations...

  7. 75 FR 22813 - Guidance for Industry: Requalification Method for Reentry of Blood Donors Deferred Because of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-30

    ... Results for Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen (Anti-HBc); Availability AGENCY: Food and Drug... Deferred Because of Reactive Test Results for Antibody to Hepatitis B Core Antigen (Anti- HBc),'' dated May... were repeatedly reactive for antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBc) were falsely positive...

  8. 42 CFR 413.130 - Introduction to capital-related costs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... exists, the deferred charge may be included in capital-related costs to the extent of increasing the... exists, the deferred charge may be included in the capital-related costs to the extent of increasing the... included in capital-related costs to the extent of increasing the reduced rental to an amount not in excess...

  9. 18 CFR 367.2830 - Account 283, Accumulated deferred income taxes-Other.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 283, Accumulated deferred income taxes-Other. 367.2830 Section 367.2830 Conservation of Power and Water Resources... COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED...

  10. 18 CFR 367.2820 - Account 282, Accumulated deferred income taxes-Other property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 282, Accumulated deferred income taxes-Other property. 367.2820 Section 367.2820 Conservation of Power and Water... HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 2005, FEDERAL POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR...

  11. 34 CFR 611.44 - Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Under what circumstances may the Secretary defer a scholarship recipient's service obligation? 611.44 Section 611.44 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TEACHER...

  12. Electronic heterodyne moire deflectometry: A method for transient and three dimensional density fields measurements

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stricker, Josef

    1987-01-01

    Effects of diffraction and nonlinear photographic emulsion characteristics on the performance of deferred electronic heterodyne moire deflectometry are investigated. The deferred deflectometry is used for measurements of nonsteady phase objects where it is difficult to complete the analysis of the field in real time. The sensitivity, accuracy and resolution of the system are calculated and it is shown that they are weakly affected by diffraction and by nonlinear recording. The feactures of the system are significantly improved compared with the conventional deferred intensity moire technique, and are comparable with the online heterodyne moire. The system was evaluated experimentally by deferred measurements of the refractive index gradients of a weak phase object consisting of a large KD*P crystal. This was done by photographing the phase object through a Ronchi grating and analyzing the tranparency with the electronic heterodyne readout system. The results are compared with the measurements performed on the same phase object with online heterodyne moire deflectometry and with heterodyne holographic interferometry methods. Some practical considerations for system improvement are discussed.

  13. Pretend play, deferred imitation and parent-child interaction in speaking and non-speaking children with autism.

    PubMed

    Strid, Karin; Heimann, Mikael; Tjus, Tomas

    2013-02-01

    This study investigates spontaneous pretend play during a parent-child free play observation, and deferred imitation observed in an experimental setting in speaking and non-speaking children with autism in comparison to children with typical development. Both groups of children with autism showed a reduced level of deferred imitation compared to the typically developing group, but only the non-speaking children with autism spent significantly less time in pretend play compared to children with typical development. Deferred imitation was related to parents' verbal interaction in both groups. An analysis of the parent-child interaction revealed that parents of children with autism used less synchronized comments compared to parents of typically developing children. Parents of the speaking group with autism used more synchronized than unsynchronized comments, while parents of the non-speaking group used the same amount of synchronized and unsynchronized comments. These findings are discussed in terms of how the developmental level affects behavior and interaction in autism. © 2012 The Authors. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology © 2012 The Scandinavian Psychological Associations.

  14. Randomized prospective trial of ganciclovir maintenance therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis.

    PubMed

    Jacobson, M A; O'Donnell, J J; Brodie, H R; Wofsy, C; Mills, J

    1988-07-01

    We report the first randomized prospective comparative study of long-term maintenance ganciclovir (9-[2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxymethyl]guanine, BW759U, DHPG) therapy for cytomegalovirus retinitis in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Eleven retinitis patients who received a 10-day course of ganciclovir induction therapy and then were randomized to receive either immediate daily ganciclovir maintenance therapy or deferred maintenance (eight deferred maintenance, three immediate maintenance) were evaluated for drug efficacy. Median time to retinitis progression was 42 days for the immediate maintenance group compared with 16 days for the deferred maintenance group, (P = 0.07). After crossing over to maintenance therapy, patients in the deferred group had a median time to retinitis progression of 58 days compared to 16 days while not on maintenance therapy (P = 0.13). Only 9% of cultures obtained while patients received maintenance therapy were positive for cytomegalovirus, vs 40% of those obtained off maintenance (P less than 0.001). We can state then that maintenance therapy with ganciclovir delays, but does not halt, progression of cytomegalovirus retinitis and suppresses, but does not eradicate, cytomegalovirus shedding in patients with AIDS.

  15. Diagrammatic expansion for positive spectral functions beyond GW: Application to vertex corrections in the electron gas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stefanucci, G.; Pavlyukh, Y.; Uimonen, A.-M.; van Leeuwen, R.

    2014-09-01

    We present a diagrammatic approach to construct self-energy approximations within many-body perturbation theory with positive spectral properties. The method cures the problem of negative spectral functions which arises from a straightforward inclusion of vertex diagrams beyond the GW approximation. Our approach consists of a two-step procedure: We first express the approximate many-body self-energy as a product of half-diagrams and then identify the minimal number of half-diagrams to add in order to form a perfect square. The resulting self-energy is an unconventional sum of self-energy diagrams in which the internal lines of half a diagram are time-ordered Green's functions, whereas those of the other half are anti-time-ordered Green's functions, and the lines joining the two halves are either lesser or greater Green's functions. The theory is developed using noninteracting Green's functions and subsequently extended to self-consistent Green's functions. Issues related to the conserving properties of diagrammatic approximations with positive spectral functions are also addressed. As a major application of the formalism we derive the minimal set of additional diagrams to make positive the spectral function of the GW approximation with lowest-order vertex corrections and screened interactions. The method is then applied to vertex corrections in the three-dimensional homogeneous electron gas by using a combination of analytical frequency integrations and numerical Monte Carlo momentum integrations to evaluate the diagrams.

  16. Automatic Registration of GF4 Pms: a High Resolution Multi-Spectral Sensor on Board a Satellite on Geostationary Orbit

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gao, M.; Li, J.

    2018-04-01

    Geometric correction is an important preprocessing process in the application of GF4 PMS image. The method of geometric correction that is based on the manual selection of geometric control points is time-consuming and laborious. The more common method, based on a reference image, is automatic image registration. This method involves several steps and parameters. For the multi-spectral sensor GF4 PMS, it is necessary for us to identify the best combination of parameters and steps. This study mainly focuses on the following issues: necessity of Rational Polynomial Coefficients (RPC) correction before automatic registration, base band in the automatic registration and configuration of GF4 PMS spatial resolution.

  17. Astigmatism-corrected echelle spectrometer using an off-the-shelf cylindrical lens.

    PubMed

    Fu, Xiao; Duan, Fajie; Jiang, Jiajia; Huang, Tingting; Ma, Ling; Lv, Changrong

    2017-10-01

    As a special kind of spectrometer with the Czerny-Turner structure, the echelle spectrometer features two-dimensional dispersion, which leads to a complex astigmatic condition. In this work, we propose an optical design of astigmatism-corrected echelle spectrometer using an off-the-shelf cylindrical lens. The mathematical model considering astigmatism introduced by the off-axis mirrors, the echelle grating, and the prism is established. Our solution features simplified calculation and low-cost construction, which is capable of overall compensation of the astigmatism in a wide spectral range (200-600 nm). An optical simulation utilizing ZEMAX software, astigmatism assessment based on Zernike polynomials, and an instrument experiment is implemented to validate the effect of astigmatism correction. The results demonstrated that astigmatism of the echelle spectrometer was corrected to a large extent, and high spectral resolution better than 0.1 nm was achieved.

  18. Chromatographic background drift correction coupled with parallel factor analysis to resolve coelution problems in three-dimensional chromatographic data: quantification of eleven antibiotics in tap water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a diode array detector.

    PubMed

    Yu, Yong-Jie; Wu, Hai-Long; Fu, Hai-Yan; Zhao, Juan; Li, Yuan-Na; Li, Shu-Fang; Kang, Chao; Yu, Ru-Qin

    2013-08-09

    Chromatographic background drift correction has been an important field of research in chromatographic analysis. In the present work, orthogonal spectral space projection for background drift correction of three-dimensional chromatographic data was described in detail and combined with parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) to resolve overlapped chromatographic peaks and obtain the second-order advantage. This strategy was verified by simulated chromatographic data and afforded significant improvement in quantitative results. Finally, this strategy was successfully utilized to quantify eleven antibiotics in tap water samples. Compared with the traditional methodology of introducing excessive factors for the PARAFAC model to eliminate the effect of background drift, clear improvement in the quantitative performance of PARAFAC was observed after background drift correction by orthogonal spectral space projection. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  19. Assessing the production and economic benefits from preventing cows grazing on wet soils in New Zealand.

    PubMed

    Laurenson, Seth; Houlbrooke, David J; Beukes, Pierre C

    2016-10-01

    Intensive grazing by cattle on wet pasture can have a negative effect on soil physical quality and future pasture production. On a North Otago dairy farm in New Zealand, experimental plots were monitored for four years to assess whether preventing cow grazing of wet pastures during the milking season would improve soil structure and pasture production compared with unrestricted access to pastures. The DairyNZ Whole Farm Model was used to scale up results to a farm system level and ascertain the cost benefit of deferred grazing management. Soils under deferred grazing management had significantly higher total porosity, yet no significant improvement in macroporosity (values ranging between 0.112 and 0.146 m(3)  m(-3) ). Annual pasture production did not differ between the control and deferred grazing treatments, averaging 17.0 ± 3.8 and 17.9 ± 4.1 t DM ha(-1) year(-1) respectively (P > 0.05). Furthermore, whole farm modelling indicated that farm operating profit was reduced by NZ$1683 ha(-1) year(-1) (four-year average) under deferred grazing management. Deferring dairy cow grazing from wet Pallic soils in North Otago was effective in improving soil structure (measured as total soil porosity), yet did not lead to a significant increase in pasture production. Whole farm modelling indicated no economic benefit of removing cows from wet soils during the milking season. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

  20. Measurement of dissolved organic matter fluorescense in aquatic environments: An interlaboratory comparison

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Murphy, Kathleen R.; Butler, Kenna D.; Spencer, Robert G. M.; Stedmon, Colin A.; Boehme, Jennifer R.; Aiken, George R.

    2010-01-01

    The fluorescent properties of dissolved organic matter (DOM) are often studied in order to infer DOM characteristics in aquatic environments, including source, quantity, composition, and behavior. While a potentially powerful technique, a single widely implemented standard method for correcting and presenting fluorescence measurements is lacking, leading to difficulties when comparing data collected by different research groups. This paper reports on a large-scale interlaboratory comparison in which natural samples and well-characterized fluorophores were analyzed in 20 laboratories in the U.S., Europe, and Australia. Shortcomings were evident in several areas, including data quality-assurance, the accuracy of spectral correction factors used to correct EEMs, and the treatment of optically dense samples. Data corrected by participants according to individual laboratory procedures were more variable than when corrected under a standard protocol. Wavelength dependency in measurement precision and accuracy were observed within and between instruments, even in corrected data. In an effort to reduce future occurrences of similar problems, algorithms for correcting and calibrating EEMs are described in detail, and MATLAB scripts for implementing the study's protocol are provided. Combined with the recent expansion of spectral fluorescence standards, this approach will serve to increase the intercomparability of DOM fluorescence studies.

  1. Correction of photoresponse nonuniformity for matrix detectors based on prior compensation for their nonlinear behavior.

    PubMed

    Ferrero, Alejandro; Campos, Joaquin; Pons, Alicia

    2006-04-10

    What we believe to be a novel procedure to correct the nonuniformity that is inherent in all matrix detectors has been developed and experimentally validated. This correction method, unlike other nonuniformity-correction algorithms, consists of two steps that separate two of the usual problems that affect characterization of matrix detectors, i.e., nonlinearity and the relative variation of the pixels' responsivity across the array. The correction of the nonlinear behavior remains valid for any illumination wavelength employed, as long as the nonlinearity is not due to power dependence of the internal quantum efficiency. This method of correction of nonuniformity permits the immediate calculation of the correction factor for any given power level and for any illuminant that has a known spectral content once the nonuniform behavior has been characterized for a sufficient number of wavelengths. This procedure has a significant advantage compared with other traditional calibration-based methods, which require that a full characterization be carried out for each spectral distribution pattern of the incident optical radiation. The experimental application of this novel method has achieved a 20-fold increase in the uniformity of a CCD array for response levels close to saturation.

  2. Environmental Restoration Operations: Consolidated Quarterly Report January -March 2017

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cochran, John R.

    This Environmental Restoration Operations (ER) Consolidated Quarterly Report (ER Quarterly Report) provides the status of ongoing corrective action activities being implemented at Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) during the January, February, and March 2017 quarterly reporting period. Table I-1 lists the Solid Waste Management Units (SWMUs) and Areas of Concern (AOCs) identified for corrective action at SNL/NM. Sections I.2.1 and I.2.2 summarize the work completed during this quarter. Section I.2.1 summarizes the quarterly activities at sites undergoing corrective action field activities. Field activities are conducted at the three groundwater AOCs (Burn Site Groundwater [BSG AOC], Technical Area [TA]-V Groundwatermore » [TAVG AOC], and Tijeras Arroyo Groundwater [TAG AOC]). Section I.2.2 summarizes quarterly activities at sites where the New Mexico Environment Department (NMED) Hazardous Waste Bureau (HWB) issued a certificate of completion and the sites are in the corrective action complete (CAC) regulatory process. Currently, SWMUs 8 and 58, 68, 149, 154, and 502 are in the CAC regulatory process. Corrective action activities are deferred at the Long Sled Track (SWMU 83), the Gun Facilities (SWMU 84), and the Short Sled Track (SWMU 240) because these three sites are active mission facilities. These three active mission sites are located in TA-III. This Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico Environmental Restoration Operations (ER) Consolidated Quarterly Report (ER Quarterly Report) fulfills all quarterly reporting requirements set forth in the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act Facility Operating Permit and the Compliance Order on Consent.« less

  3. 4SM: A Novel Self-Calibrated Algebraic Ratio Method for Satellite-Derived Bathymetry and Water Column Correction

    PubMed Central

    Morel, Yann G.; Favoretto, Fabio

    2017-01-01

    All empirical water column correction methods have consistently been reported to require existing depth sounding data for the purpose of calibrating a simple depth retrieval model; they yield poor results over very bright or very dark bottoms. In contrast, we set out to (i) use only the relative radiance data in the image along with published data, and several new assumptions; (ii) in order to specify and operate the simplified radiative transfer equation (RTE); (iii) for the purpose of retrieving both the satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) and the water column corrected spectral reflectance over shallow seabeds. Sea truth regressions show that SDB depths retrieved by the method only need tide correction. Therefore it shall be demonstrated that, under such new assumptions, there is no need for (i) formal atmospheric correction; (ii) conversion of relative radiance into calibrated reflectance; or (iii) existing depth sounding data, to specify the simplified RTE and produce both SDB and spectral water column corrected radiance ready for bottom typing. Moreover, the use of the panchromatic band for that purpose is introduced. Altogether, we named this process the Self-Calibrated Supervised Spectral Shallow-sea Modeler (4SM). This approach requires a trained practitioner, though, to produce its results within hours of downloading the raw image. The ideal raw image should be a “near-nadir” view, exhibit homogeneous atmosphere and water column, include some coverage of optically deep waters and bare land, and lend itself to quality removal of haze, atmospheric adjacency effect, and sun/sky glint. PMID:28754028

  4. 4SM: A Novel Self-Calibrated Algebraic Ratio Method for Satellite-Derived Bathymetry and Water Column Correction.

    PubMed

    Morel, Yann G; Favoretto, Fabio

    2017-07-21

    All empirical water column correction methods have consistently been reported to require existing depth sounding data for the purpose of calibrating a simple depth retrieval model; they yield poor results over very bright or very dark bottoms. In contrast, we set out to (i) use only the relative radiance data in the image along with published data, and several new assumptions; (ii) in order to specify and operate the simplified radiative transfer equation (RTE); (iii) for the purpose of retrieving both the satellite derived bathymetry (SDB) and the water column corrected spectral reflectance over shallow seabeds. Sea truth regressions show that SDB depths retrieved by the method only need tide correction. Therefore it shall be demonstrated that, under such new assumptions, there is no need for (i) formal atmospheric correction; (ii) conversion of relative radiance into calibrated reflectance; or (iii) existing depth sounding data, to specify the simplified RTE and produce both SDB and spectral water column corrected radiance ready for bottom typing. Moreover, the use of the panchromatic band for that purpose is introduced. Altogether, we named this process the Self-Calibrated Supervised Spectral Shallow-sea Modeler (4SM). This approach requires a trained practitioner, though, to produce its results within hours of downloading the raw image. The ideal raw image should be a "near-nadir" view, exhibit homogeneous atmosphere and water column, include some coverage of optically deep waters and bare land, and lend itself to quality removal of haze, atmospheric adjacency effect, and sun/sky glint.

  5. The FALCON Concept: Multi-Object Spectroscopy Combined with MCAO in Near-IR

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hammer, François; Sayède, Frédéric; Gendron, Eric; Fusco, Thierry; Burgarella, Denis; Cayatte, Véronique; Conan, Jean-Marc; Courbin, Frédéric; Flores, Hector; Guinouard, Isabelle; Jocou, Laurent; Lançon, Ariane; Monnet, Guy; Mouhcine, Mustapha; Rigaud, François; Rouan, Daniel; Rousset, Gérard; Buat, Véronique; Zamkotsian, Frédéric

    A large fraction of the present-day stellar mass was formed between z=0.5 and z˜ 3 and our understanding of the formation mechanisms at work at these epochs requires both high spatial and high spectral resolution: one shall simultaneously obtain images of objects with typical sizes as small as 1-2 kpc (˜ 0".1), while achieving 20-50 km/s (R≥ 5000) spectral resolution. In addition, the redshift range to be considered implies that most important spectral features are redshifted in the near-infrared. The obvious instrumental solution to adopt in order to tackle the science goal is therefore a combination of multi-object 3D spectrograph with multi-conjugate adaptive optics in large fields. A very promising way to achieve such a technically challenging goal is to relax the conditions of the traditional full adaptive optics correction. A partial, but still competitive correction shall be prefered, over a much wider field of view. This can be done by estimating the turbulent volume from sets of natural guide stars, by optimizing the correction to several and discrete small areas of few arcsec 2 selected in a large field (Nasmyth field of 25 arcmin) and by correcting up to the 6th, and eventually, up to the 60 th Zernike modes. Simulations on real extragalactic fields, show that for most sources (> 80%), the recovered resolution could reach 0".15-0".25 in the J and H bands. Detection of point-like objects is improved by factors from 3 to ≥10, when compared with an instrument without adaptive correction. The proposed instrument concept, FALCON, is equipped with deployable mini-integral field units (IFUs), achieving spectral resolutions between R=5000 and 20000. Its multiplex capability, combined with high spatial and spectral resolution characteristics, is a natural ground based complement to the next generation of space telescopes. Galaxy formation in the early Universe is certainly a main science driver. We describe here how FALCON shall allow to answer puzzling questions in this area, although the science cases naturally accessible to the instrument concept makes it of interest for most areas of astrophysics.

  6. Identification and correction of spectral contamination in 2H/1H and 18O/16O measured in leaf, stem, and soil water.

    PubMed

    Schultz, Natalie M; Griffis, Timothy J; Lee, Xuhui; Baker, John M

    2011-11-15

    Plant water extracts typically contain organic materials that may cause spectral interference when using isotope ratio infrared spectroscopy (IRIS), resulting in errors in the measured isotope ratios. Manufacturers of IRIS instruments have developed post-processing software to identify the degree of contamination in water samples, and potentially correct the isotope ratios of water with known contaminants. Here, the correction method proposed by an IRIS manufacturer, Los Gatos Research, Inc., was employed and the results were compared with those obtained from isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Deionized water was spiked with methanol and ethanol to create correction curves for δ(18)O and δ(2)H. The contamination effects of different sample types (leaf, stem, soil) and different species from agricultural fields, grasslands, and forests were compared. The average corrections in leaf samples ranged from 0.35 to 15.73‰ for δ(2)H and 0.28 to 9.27‰ for δ(18)O. The average corrections in stem samples ranged from 1.17 to 13.70‰ for δ(2)H and 0.47 to 7.97‰ for δ(18)O. There was no contamination observed in soil water. Cleaning plant samples with activated charcoal had minimal effects on the degree of spectral contamination, reducing the corrections, by on average, 0.44‰ for δ(2)H and 0.25‰ for δ(18)O. The correction method eliminated the discrepancies between IRMS and IRIS for δ(18)O, and greatly reduced the discrepancies for δ(2)H. The mean differences in isotope ratios between IRMS and the corrected IRIS method were 0.18‰ for δ(18)O, and -3.39‰ for δ(2)H. The inability to create an ethanol correction curve for δ(2)H probably caused the larger discrepancies. We conclude that ethanol and methanol are the primary compounds causing interference in IRIS analyzers, and that each individual analyzer will probably require customized correction curves. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  7. Relative spectral response corrected calibration inter-comparison of S-NPP VIIRS and Aqua MODIS thermal emissive bands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Efremova, Boryana; Wu, Aisheng; Xiong, Xiaoxiong

    2014-09-01

    The S-NPP Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument is built with strong heritage from EOS MODIS, and has very similar thermal emissive bands (TEB) calibration algorithm and on-board calibrating source - a V-grooved blackbody. The calibration of the two instruments can be assessed by comparing the brightness temperatures retrieved from VIIRS and Aqua MODIS simultaneous nadir observations (SNO) from their spectrally matched TEB. However, even though the VIIRS and MODIS bands are similar there are still relative spectral response (RSR) differences and thus some differences in the retrieved brightness temperatures are expected. The differences depend on both the type and the temperature of the observed scene, and contribute to the bias and the scatter of the comparison. In this paper we use S-NPP Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) data taken simultaneously with the VIIRS data to derive a correction for the slightly different spectral coverage of VIIRS and MODIS TEB bands. An attempt to correct for RSR differences is also made using MODTRAN models, computed with physical parameters appropriate for each scene, and compared to the value derived from actual CrIS spectra. After applying the CrIS-based correction for RSR differences we see an excellent agreement between the VIIRS and Aqua MODIS measurements in the studied band pairs M13-B23, M15-B31, and M16- B32. The agreement is better than the VIIRS uncertainty at cold scenes, and improves with increasing scene temperature up to about 290K.

  8. Simulation tools for scattering corrections in spectrally resolved x-ray computed tomography using McXtrace

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Busi, Matteo; Olsen, Ulrik L.; Knudsen, Erik B.; Frisvad, Jeppe R.; Kehres, Jan; Dreier, Erik S.; Khalil, Mohamad; Haldrup, Kristoffer

    2018-03-01

    Spectral computed tomography is an emerging imaging method that involves using recently developed energy discriminating photon-counting detectors (PCDs). This technique enables measurements at isolated high-energy ranges, in which the dominating undergoing interaction between the x-ray and the sample is the incoherent scattering. The scattered radiation causes a loss of contrast in the results, and its correction has proven to be a complex problem, due to its dependence on energy, material composition, and geometry. Monte Carlo simulations can utilize a physical model to estimate the scattering contribution to the signal, at the cost of high computational time. We present a fast Monte Carlo simulation tool, based on McXtrace, to predict the energy resolved radiation being scattered and absorbed by objects of complex shapes. We validate the tool through measurements using a CdTe single PCD (Multix ME-100) and use it for scattering correction in a simulation of a spectral CT. We found the correction to account for up to 7% relative amplification in the reconstructed linear attenuation. It is a useful tool for x-ray CT to obtain a more accurate material discrimination, especially in the high-energy range, where the incoherent scattering interactions become prevailing (>50 keV).

  9. An interdisciplinary analysis of multispectral satellite data for selected cover types in the Colorado Mountains, using automatic data processing techniques

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hoffer, R. M. (Principal Investigator)

    1975-01-01

    The author has reported the following significant results. A data set containing SKYLAB, LANDSAT, and topographic data has been overlayed, registered, and geometrically corrected to a scale of 1:24,000. After geometrically correcting both sets of data, the SKYLAB data were overlayed on the LANDSAT data. Digital topographic data were then obtained, reformatted, and a data channel containing elevation information was then digitally overlayed onto the LANDSAT and SKYLAB spectral data. The 14,039 square kilometers involving 2,113, 776 LANDSAT pixels represents a relatively large data set available for digital analysis. The overlayed data set enables investigators to numerically analyze and compare two sources of spectral data and topographic data from any point in the scene. This capability is new and it will permit a numerical comparison of spectral response with elevation, slope, and aspect. Utilization of the spectral and topographic data together to obtain more accurate classifications of the various cover types present is feasible.

  10. 75 FR 67362 - Notice of Public Information Collection(s) Being Submitted for Review and Approval to the Office...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-02

    ... Commission also deferred the date for initial distribution of Automatic Location Identification (ALI)-capable... activating new ALI-capable handsets; deferred the date by which a carrier must achieve full penetration of ALI-capable handsets by one year; modified the manner in which the Commission defined full penetration...

  11. An esthetic alternative to clearcutting?

    Treesearch

    H. Clay Smith; Neil I. Lamson; Gary W. Miller

    1989-01-01

    Although deferment cutting is not a practice common in the United States, it has been used in Europe to harvest some forest stands. After a deferment cutting, the residual stand resembles a seed tree cut; however, residual trees are not cut when the regenerated stand becomes established. Instead, residual trees remain until the regenerated stand is at the end of a...

  12. 27 CFR 26.95 - Deferred payment of tax-release of wine.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...-release of wine. 26.95 Section 26.95 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Wine § 26.95 Deferred payment of tax—release of wine. (a) Action by proprietor. Where the proprietor has furnished bond, on Form 2897, and payment of...

  13. Epicormic branching on central Appalachian hardwoods 10 years after deferment cutting

    Treesearch

    Gary W. Miller

    1996-01-01

    Epicormic branching was monitored over a 10-year period following deferment cutting in four central Appalachian hardwood stands in West Virginia. Data from 545 codominant residual trees indicated that the average number of epicormic branches on the butt and second 16-foot log sections increased significantly for the first 2 years after treatment. For upper log...

  14. 12 CFR 567.12 - Purchased credit card relationships, servicing assets, intangible assets (other than purchased...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Purchased credit card relationships, servicing...-enhancing interest-only strips, and deferred tax assets. 567.12 Section 567.12 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF...-taxable business combinations. A deferred tax liability that is specifically related to an intangible...

  15. 26 CFR 31.3121(v)(2)-1 - Treatment of amounts deferred under certain nonqualified deferred compensation plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... if an employer establishes a pattern of repeatedly providing for similar benefits in similar... constitutes a pattern of amendments is determined based on the facts and circumstances. Although no one factor... in 2003. The plan recites that the payment is in recognition of prior services. In 2003, Employer Z...

  16. 75 FR 49428 - Guidance Regarding Deferred Discharge of Indebtedness Income of Corporations and Deferred...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-13

    ... capital or start-up costs of operation, maintenance, and purchase of service to provide information. The... Advocacy of the Small Business Administration for comment on its impact on small business. Comments and... comments on the clarity of the proposed rules and how they can be made easier to understand. All comments...

  17. 43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

  18. The Deferred Maintenance Crisis: A Comparison of Smaller State-Supported and Independent Institutions.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hackett, E. Raymond; Morgan, Thomas

    1996-01-01

    Examines strategies for conducting expected and deferred maintenance of small colleges for use as a model that may be adapted to other educational settings. Investigates the relationship between total education and general expenditures and expenditures for operation of plant and maintenance, and looks at using the annual budget to meet expected…

  19. 43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

  20. 43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

  1. 43 CFR 3835.31 - When do I file an annual FLPMA document?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... MAINTENANCE FEES Annual FLPMA Documents § 3835.31 When do I file an annual FLPMA document? (a) If you must... because you located the claim during the current assessment year or because BLM has deferred assessment... FLPMA document filing. You must state in the notice of intent to hold either that BLM has deferred the...

  2. Deferment cutting in central Appalachian hardwoods: an update

    Treesearch

    Gary w. Miller; James E. Johnson; John E. Baumgras

    1997-01-01

    This paper summarizes research results on deferment cutting, a silvicultural practice that promotes a two-age stand structure, as it has been applied in central Appalachian hardwoods on the Monongahela National Forest (MNF) since 1979. Ten-year results from experimental cuts that were applied from 1979 to 1983 indicated that 89% of residual trees survived, 76 to 100%...

  3. 27 CFR 41.110 - Record of tax computation and shipment by bonded manufacturer under deferred taxpayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... cigarettes, or small cigars to be shipped; (e) The number and total sale price of large cigars having a sale...) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Deferred Payment of Tax in...

  4. 7 CFR 1717.854 - Advance approval-100 percent private financing of distribution, subtransmission and headquarters...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... mortgage, the RUS loan contract, the borrower's wholesale power contract, any debt restructuring agreement... debt; (2) The ratio of the borrower's equity, less deferred expenses, to total assets, less deferred...-term debt is not less than 1.0, after adding the principal amount of the proposed loan to the existing...

  5. 7 CFR 1717.854 - Advance approval-100 percent private financing of distribution, subtransmission and headquarters...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... mortgage, the RUS loan contract, the borrower's wholesale power contract, any debt restructuring agreement... debt; (2) The ratio of the borrower's equity, less deferred expenses, to total assets, less deferred...-term debt is not less than 1.0, after adding the principal amount of the proposed loan to the existing...

  6. 7 CFR 1717.854 - Advance approval-100 percent private financing of distribution, subtransmission and headquarters...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... mortgage, the RUS loan contract, the borrower's wholesale power contract, any debt restructuring agreement... debt; (2) The ratio of the borrower's equity, less deferred expenses, to total assets, less deferred...-term debt is not less than 1.0, after adding the principal amount of the proposed loan to the existing...

  7. 7 CFR 1717.854 - Advance approval-100 percent private financing of distribution, subtransmission and headquarters...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... mortgage, the RUS loan contract, the borrower's wholesale power contract, any debt restructuring agreement... debt; (2) The ratio of the borrower's equity, less deferred expenses, to total assets, less deferred...-term debt is not less than 1.0, after adding the principal amount of the proposed loan to the existing...

  8. 27 CFR 41.110 - Record of tax computation and shipment by bonded manufacturer under deferred taxpayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... cigarettes, or small cigars to be shipped; (e) The number and total sale price of large cigars having a sale...) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Deferred Payment of Tax in...

  9. 27 CFR 41.110 - Record of tax computation and shipment by bonded manufacturer under deferred taxpayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... cigarettes, or small cigars to be shipped; (e) The number and total sale price of large cigars having a sale...) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Deferred Payment of Tax in...

  10. 27 CFR 41.110 - Record of tax computation and shipment by bonded manufacturer under deferred taxpayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... cigarettes, or small cigars to be shipped; (e) The number and total sale price of large cigars having a sale...) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Deferred Payment of Tax in...

  11. 27 CFR 41.110 - Record of tax computation and shipment by bonded manufacturer under deferred taxpayment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... cigarettes, or small cigars to be shipped; (e) The number and total sale price of large cigars having a sale...) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Deferred Payment of Tax in...

  12. Deferred Compensation as a Method for Payment of Part-Time Dental Faculty Members.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bentz, George H.; And Others

    1980-01-01

    By using a deferred compensation plan, dental schools can provide the part-time educator with a greater return at a time when that money will be of more benefit. Through a contractual agreement, a plan can be constructed that can significantly increase the real value of part-time earnings. (Author/MLW)

  13. 26 CFR 1.412(b)-2 - Amortization of experience gains in connection with certain group deferred annuity contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Amortization of experience gains in connection..., Profit-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.412(b)-2 Amortization of experience gains in connection with certain group deferred annuity contracts. (a) Experience gain treatment. Dividends, rate credits, and...

  14. Latent Learning and Deferred Imitation at 3 Months

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Campanella, Jennifer; Rovee-Collier, Carolyn

    2005-01-01

    Young infants spend most of their waking time looking around, but whether they learn anything about what they see is unknown. We used a sensory preconditioning paradigm and a deferred imitation task to assess if 3-month-olds formed a latent association between 2 objects (S[subscript 1], S[subscript 2]) that they merely saw together. Because…

  15. Spectral colors capture and reproduction based on digital camera

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Defen; Huang, Qingmei; Li, Wei; Lu, Yang

    2018-01-01

    The purpose of this work is to develop a method for the accurate reproduction of the spectral colors captured by digital camera. The spectral colors being the purest color in any hue, are difficult to reproduce without distortion on digital devices. In this paper, we attempt to achieve accurate hue reproduction of the spectral colors by focusing on two steps of color correction: the capture of the spectral colors and the color characterization of digital camera. Hence it determines the relationship among the spectral color wavelength, the RGB color space of the digital camera device and the CIEXYZ color space. This study also provides a basis for further studies related to the color spectral reproduction on digital devices. In this paper, methods such as wavelength calibration of the spectral colors and digital camera characterization were utilized. The spectrum was obtained through the grating spectroscopy system. A photo of a clear and reliable primary spectrum was taken by adjusting the relative parameters of the digital camera, from which the RGB values of color spectrum was extracted in 1040 equally-divided locations. Calculated using grating equation and measured by the spectrophotometer, two wavelength values were obtained from each location. The polynomial fitting method for the camera characterization was used to achieve color correction. After wavelength calibration, the maximum error between the two sets of wavelengths is 4.38nm. According to the polynomial fitting method, the average color difference of test samples is 3.76. This has satisfied the application needs of the spectral colors in digital devices such as display and transmission.

  16. [Identification of Dendrobium varieties by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with spectral retrieval].

    PubMed

    Liu, Fei; Wang, Yuan-zhong; Deng, Xing-yan; Jin, Hang; Yang, Chun-yan

    2014-06-01

    The infrared spectral of stems of 165 trees of 23 Dendrobium varieties were obtained by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique. The spectra show that the spectra of all the samples were similar, and the main components of stem of Dendrobium is cellulose. By the spectral professional software Omnic8.0, three spectral databases were constructed. Lib01 includes of the average spectral of the first four trees of every variety, while Lib02 and Lib03 are constructed from the first-derivative spectra and the second-derivative spectra of average spectra, separately. The correlation search, the square difference retrieval and the square differential difference retrieval of the spectra are performed with the spectral database Lib01 in the specified range of 1 800-500 cm(-1), and the yield correct rate of 92.7%, 74.5% and 92.7%, respectively. The square differential difference retrieval of the first-derivative spectra and the second-derivative spectra is carried out with Lib02 and Lib03 in the same specified range 1 800-500 cm(-1), and shows correct rate of 93.9% for the former and 90.3% for the later. The results show that the first-derivative spectral retrieval of square differential difference algorithm is more suitabe for discerning Dendrobium varieties, and FTIR combining with the spectral retrieval method can identify different varieties of Dendrobium, and the correlation retrieval, the square differential retrieval, the first-derivative spectra and second-derivative spectra retrieval in the specified spectral range are effective and simple way of distinguishing different varieties of Dendrobium.

  17. First Retrieval of Surface Lambert Albedos From Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter CRISM Data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    McGuire, P. C.; Arvidson, R. E.; Murchie, S. L.; Wolff, M. J.; Smith, M. D.; Martin, T. Z.; Milliken, R. E.; Mustard, J. F.; Pelkey, S. M.; Lichtenberg, K. A.; Cavender, P. J.; Humm, D. C.; Titus, T. N.; Malaret, E. R.

    2006-12-01

    We have developed a pipeline-processing software system to convert radiance-on-sensor for each of 72 out of 544 CRISM spectral bands used in global mapping to the corresponding surface Lambert albedo, accounting for atmospheric, thermal, and photoclinometric effects. We will present and interpret first results from this software system for the retrieval of Lambert albedos from CRISM data. For the multispectral mapping modes, these pipeline-processed 72 spectral bands constitute all of the available bands, for wavelengths from 0.362-3.920 μm, at 100-200 m/pixel spatial resolution, and ~ 0.006\\spaceμm spectral resolution. For the hyperspectral targeted modes, these pipeline-processed 72 spectral bands are only a selection of all of the 544 spectral bands, but at a resolution of 15-38 m/pixel. The pipeline processing for both types of observing modes (multispectral and hyperspectral) will use climatology, based on data from MGS/TES, in order to estimate ice- and dust-aerosol optical depths, prior to the atmospheric correction with lookup tables based upon radiative-transport calculations via DISORT. There is one DISORT atmospheric-correction lookup table for converting radiance-on-sensor to Lambert albedo for each of the 72 spectral bands. The measurements of the Emission Phase Function (EPF) during targeting will not be employed in this pipeline processing system. We are developing a separate system for extracting more accurate aerosol optical depths and surface scattering properties. This separate system will use direct calls (instead of lookup tables) to the DISORT code for all 544 bands, and it will use the EPF data directly, bootstrapping from the climatology data for the aerosol optical depths. The pipeline processing will thermally correct the albedos for the spectral bands above ~ 2.6 μm, by a choice between 4 different techniques for determining surface temperature: 1) climatology, 2) empirical estimation of the albedo at 3.9 μm from the measured albedo at 2.5 μm, 3) a physical thermal model (PTM) based upon maps of thermal inertia from TES and coarse-resolution surface slopes (SS) from MOLA, and 4) a photoclinometric extension to the PTM that uses CRISM albedos at 0.41 μm to compute the SS at CRISM spatial resolution. For the thermal correction, we expect that each of these 4 different techniques will be valuable for some fraction of the observations.

  18. Extending 3D Near-Cloud Corrections from Shorter to Longer Wavelengths

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marshak, Alexander; Evans, K. Frank; Varnai, Tamas; Guoyong, Wen

    2014-01-01

    Satellite observations have shown a positive correlation between cloud amount and aerosol optical thickness (AOT) that can be explained by the humidification of aerosols near clouds, and/or by cloud contamination by sub-pixel size clouds and the cloud adjacency effect. The last effect may substantially increase reflected radiation in cloud-free columns, leading to overestimates in the retrieved AOT. For clear-sky areas near boundary layer clouds the main contribution to the enhancement of clear sky reflectance at shorter wavelengths comes from the radiation scattered into clear areas by clouds and then scattered to the sensor by air molecules. Because of the wavelength dependence of air molecule scattering, this process leads to a larger reflectance increase at shorter wavelengths, and can be corrected using a simple two-layer model. However, correcting only for molecular scattering skews spectral properties of the retrieved AOT. Kassianov and Ovtchinnikov proposed a technique that uses spectral reflectance ratios to retrieve AOT in the vicinity of clouds; they assumed that the cloud adjacency effect influences the spectral ratio between reflectances at two wavelengths less than it influences the reflectances themselves. This paper combines the two approaches: It assumes that the 3D correction for the shortest wavelength is known with some uncertainties, and then it estimates the 3D correction for longer wavelengths using a modified ratio method. The new approach is tested with 3D radiances simulated for 26 cumulus fields from Large-Eddy Simulations, supplemented with 40 aerosol profiles. The results showed that (i) for a variety of cumulus cloud scenes and aerosol profiles over ocean the 3D correction due to cloud adjacency effect can be extended from shorter to longer wavelengths and (ii) the 3D corrections for longer wavelengths are not very sensitive to unbiased random uncertainties in the 3D corrections at shorter wavelengths.

  19. Analysis of blood donor pre-donation deferral in Dubai: characteristics and reasons.

    PubMed

    Al Shaer, Laila; Sharma, Ranjita; AbdulRahman, Mahera

    2017-01-01

    To ensure an adequate and safe blood supply, it is crucial to select suitable donors according to stringent eligibility criteria. Understanding the reasons for donor deferral can help in planning more efficient recruitment strategies and evaluating donor selection criteria. This study aims to define donor pre-donation deferral rates, causes of deferral, and characteristics of deferred donors in Dubai. This retrospective study was conducted on all donors who presented for allogeneic blood donation between January 1, 2010, until June 30, 2013, in Dubai Blood Donation Centre, accredited by the American Association of Blood Banks. The donation and deferral data were analyzed to determine the demographic characteristics of accepted and deferred donors, and frequency analyses were also conducted. Among 142,431 individuals presenting during the study period, 114,827 (80.6%) were accepted for donation, and 27,604 (19.4%) were deferred. The overall proportion of deferrals was higher among individuals less than 21 years old (35%, P <0.000), females (44% were deferred compared to 15% of males, P <0.0001), and first-time donors (22% were deferred vs 14% of repeat donors, P <0.0001). The main causes for a temporary deferral were low hemoglobin and high blood pressure. The deferral rate among blood donors in Dubai is relatively high compared to the internationally reported rates. This rate was higher among first-time donors and females, with low hemoglobin as the major factor leading to a temporary deferral of donors. Strategies to mitigate deferral and improve blood donor retention are urged in Dubai to avoid additional stress on the blood supply.

  20. SDP_mharwit_1: Demonstration of HIFI Linear Polarization Analysis of Spectral Features

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Harwit, M.

    2010-03-01

    We propose to observe the polarization of the 621 GHz water vapor maser in VY Canis Majoris to demonstrate the capability of HIFI to make polarization observations of Far-Infrared/Submillimeter spectral lines. The proposed Demonstration Phase would: - Show that HIFI is capable of interesting linear polarization measurements of spectral lines; - Test out the highest spectral resolving power to sort out closely spaced Doppler components; - Determine whether the relative intensities predicted by Neufeld and Melnick are correct; - Record the degree and direction of linear polarization for the closely-Doppler shifted peaks.

  1. Accurate modeling of plasma acceleration with arbitrary order pseudo-spectral particle-in-cell methods

    DOE PAGES

    Jalas, S.; Dornmair, I.; Lehe, R.; ...

    2017-03-20

    Particle in Cell (PIC) simulations are a widely used tool for the investigation of both laser- and beam-driven plasma acceleration. It is a known issue that the beam quality can be artificially degraded by numerical Cherenkov radiation (NCR) resulting primarily from an incorrectly modeled dispersion relation. Pseudo-spectral solvers featuring infinite order stencils can strongly reduce NCR - or even suppress it - and are therefore well suited to correctly model the beam properties. For efficient parallelization of the PIC algorithm, however, localized solvers are inevitable. Arbitrary order pseudo-spectral methods provide this needed locality. Yet, these methods can again be pronemore » to NCR. Here in this paper, we show that acceptably low solver orders are sufficient to correctly model the physics of interest, while allowing for parallel computation by domain decomposition.« less

  2. 26 CFR 1.615-3 - Election to defer pre-1970 exploration expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... to each mine or other natural deposit, subject to the limitations described in section 615(c) and § 1.615-4. The amounts so deferred shall be deducted ratably as the units of produced ores or minerals... election shall be made for each mine or other natural deposit by a clear indication on the return or by a...

  3. 76 FR 54811 - Submission for Review: 3206-0121, Application for Deferred Retirement (For Persons Separated on...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-02

    ... Retirement (For Persons Separated on or After October 1, 1956), OPM 1496A AGENCY: U.S. Office of Personnel... persons separated on or after October 1, 1956). As required by the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995, (Pub... for Deferred Retirement (For persons separated on or after October 1, 1956). OMB Number: 3206-0121...

  4. 27 CFR 26.104 - Deferred payment of tax-release of beer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...-release of beer. 26.104 Section 26.104 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.104 Deferred payment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the brewer has furnished bond on Form 2898, and payment of the tax is...

  5. 27 CFR 26.104 - Deferred payment of tax-release of beer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...-release of beer. 26.104 Section 26.104 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.104 Deferred payment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the brewer has furnished bond on Form 2898, and payment of the tax is...

  6. 27 CFR 26.104 - Deferred payment of tax-release of beer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...-release of beer. 26.104 Section 26.104 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.104 Deferred payment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the brewer has furnished bond on Form 2898, and payment of the tax is...

  7. 27 CFR 26.104 - Deferred payment of tax-release of beer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...-release of beer. 26.104 Section 26.104 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.104 Deferred payment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the brewer has furnished bond on Form 2898, and payment of the tax is...

  8. Deferred Imitation in 9-Month-Olds: How Do Model and Task Characteristics Matter across Cultures?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Teiser, Johanna; Lamm, Bettina; Böning, Mirjam; Graf, Frauke; Gudi, Helene; Goertz, Claudia; Fassbender, Ina; Freitag, Claudia; Spangler, Sibylle; Teubert, Manuel; Lohaus, Arnold; Schwarzer, Gudrun; Knopf, Monika; Keller, Heidi

    2014-01-01

    Studies investigating imitation are usually conducted with adult models in Western contexts; therefore, the influence of cultural context and the model's age on infants' imitation is largely unknown. This study assessed deferred imitation in 9-month-old infants from the German middle-class ("N" = 44) and the ethnic group of Nso in rural…

  9. 40 CFR 52.31 - Selection of sequence of mandatory sanctions for findings made pursuant to section 179 of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (c)(2) of this section, including an adequate maintenance plan, or has failed to make any submission... finding, application of the offset sanction under paragraph (e)(1) of this section shall be deferred... the highway sanction under paragraph (e)(2) of this section shall be deferred unless and until the...

  10. 40 CFR 52.31 - Selection of sequence of mandatory sanctions for findings made pursuant to section 179 of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... (c)(2) of this section, including an adequate maintenance plan, or has failed to make any submission... finding, application of the offset sanction under paragraph (e)(1) of this section shall be deferred... the highway sanction under paragraph (e)(2) of this section shall be deferred unless and until the...

  11. 40 CFR 52.31 - Selection of sequence of mandatory sanctions for findings made pursuant to section 179 of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... (c)(2) of this section, including an adequate maintenance plan, or has failed to make any submission... finding, application of the offset sanction under paragraph (e)(1) of this section shall be deferred... the highway sanction under paragraph (e)(2) of this section shall be deferred unless and until the...

  12. 40 CFR 52.31 - Selection of sequence of mandatory sanctions for findings made pursuant to section 179 of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... (c)(2) of this section, including an adequate maintenance plan, or has failed to make any submission... finding, application of the offset sanction under paragraph (e)(1) of this section shall be deferred... the highway sanction under paragraph (e)(2) of this section shall be deferred unless and until the...

  13. 40 CFR 52.31 - Selection of sequence of mandatory sanctions for findings made pursuant to section 179 of the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... (c)(2) of this section, including an adequate maintenance plan, or has failed to make any submission... finding, application of the offset sanction under paragraph (e)(1) of this section shall be deferred... the highway sanction under paragraph (e)(2) of this section shall be deferred unless and until the...

  14. Pension Accounting and Reporting with Other Comprehensive Income and Deferred Taxes: A Worksheet Approach

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jackson, Robert E.; Sneathen, L. Dwight, Jr.; Veal, Timothy R.

    2012-01-01

    This instructional tool presents pension accounting using a worksheet approach where debits equal credits for both the employer and for the plan. Transactions associated with the initiation of the plan through the end of the second year of the plan are presented, including their impact on accumulated other comprehensive income and deferred taxes.…

  15. Deferment cutting in central Appalachian hardwoods: an update

    Treesearch

    Gary W. Miller; James E. Johnson; John E. Baumgras

    1997-01-01

    Deferment cutting is designed to regenerate a variety of high-quality hardwood species and promote a two-age stand structure for aesthetic, wildlife habitat, and other non-timber binefits. Basal area is reduced enough so that it resembles a seedtree or shelterwood practice in that some overstory trees are retained while all other trees are cut (Figure 1). However, in...

  16. Participation in Black Lives Matter and Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals: Modern Activism among Black and Latino College Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hope, Elan C.; Keels, Micere; Durkee, Myles I.

    2016-01-01

    Political activism is one way racially/ethnically marginalized youth can combat institutional discrimination and seek legislative change toward equality and justice. In the current study, we examine participation in #BlackLivesMatter (BLM) and advocacy for Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) as political activism popular among youth.…

  17. Save a Penny, Lose a School: The Real Cost of Deferred Maintenance. Policy Brief Series on Rural Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lawrence, Barbara Kent

    Deferring maintenance in small rural schools creates poor conditions that can affect the health and safety of everyone who uses the facility, damage the morale of students and teachers, impair their ability to teach and learn, and threaten the facility itself. Numerous recommendations for policy changes that affect maintenance are presented. A…

  18. Time, Money, and the Control of One's Own Work Life: An Examination of the Deferred Salary Leave Plan.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jacobson, Stephen L.; Kennedy, Sylvia

    1997-01-01

    Describes a contractually negotiated income/leisure substitution provision commonly used in Canada. The deferred-salary leave plan gives teachers greater control over their work lives by letting them set aside monies to underwrite future leaves of absence. The plan may help teachers alleviate job stress, offset increased demands of reform…

  19. 32 CFR 1630.13 - Class 1-D-D: Deferment for certain members of a reserve component or student taking military...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... reserve component or student taking military training. 1630.13 Section 1630.13 National Defense Other...: Deferment for certain members of a reserve component or student taking military training. In Class 1-D-D... been commissioned therein upon graduation from an Officer's Candidate School of such Armed Force and...

  20. 27 CFR 26.104 - Deferred payment of tax-release of beer.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...-release of beer. 26.104 Section 26.104 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.104 Deferred payment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the brewer has furnished bond on Form 2898, and payment of the tax is...

  1. Processing Raman Spectra of High-Pressure Hydrogen Flames

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nguyen, Quang-Viet; Kojima, Jun

    2006-01-01

    The Raman Code automates the analysis of laser-Raman-spectroscopy data for diagnosis of combustion at high pressure. On the basis of the theory of molecular spectroscopy, the software calculates the rovibrational and pure rotational Raman spectra of H2, O2, N2, and H2O in hydrogen/air flames at given temperatures and pressures. Given a set of Raman spectral data from measurements on a given flame and results from the aforementioned calculations, the software calculates the thermodynamic temperature and number densities of the aforementioned species. The software accounts for collisional spectral-line-broadening effects at pressures up to 60 bar (6 MPa). The line-broadening effects increase with pressure and thereby complicate the analysis. The software also corrects for spectral interference ("cross-talk") among the various chemical species. In the absence of such correction, the cross-talk is a significant source of error in temperatures and number densities. This is the first known comprehensive computer code that, when used in conjunction with a spectral calibration database, can process Raman-scattering spectral data from high-pressure hydrogen/air flames to obtain temperatures accurate to within 10 K and chemical-species number densities accurate to within 2 percent.

  2. Blood Donor Deferral among Students in Northern Japan: Challenges Ahead

    PubMed Central

    Ngoma, Alain Mayindu; Goto, Aya; Nollet, Kenneth E.; Sawamura, Yoshihiro; Ohto, Hitoshi; Yasumura, Seiji

    2014-01-01

    Summary Background As Japan's aging society needs more blood, young students comprise a progressively smaller portion of the donor pool. To ensure a safe and sustainable blood supply, it is crucial to select suitable donors. This study aims to evaluate donor deferral rates, causes of deferral, and characteristics of deferred Japanese students. Methods Computerized records of blood centers in northern Japan (Miyagi and Fukushima Prefectures) from March 2010 through March 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among 231,361 individuals visiting during the 12-month period, 24,778 were students. Of these, 19,193 (77%) attempted donation, and 5,585 (23%) were deferred. Low hemoglobin, questionnaire-based interview decisions, and medication were the main reasons for temporary deferral. Age, sex, and blood center location were associated with low hemoglobin; donation history and blood center location were associated with medication-based deferral. The odds ratio among female students deferred for low hemoglobin was 35.48 with a 95% CI of 27.74–45.38. Conclusions These results suggest that continued efforts are needed to motivate deferred potential donors to return, to prevent low hemoglobin especially among females, and to review medical interview decisions, while paying close attention to regional differences. PMID:25254020

  3. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Xue Qingsheng

    A low-cost, broadband, astigmatism-corrected Czerny-Turner arrangement with a fixed plane grating is proposed. A wedge cylindrical lens is used to correct astigmatism over a broadband spectral range. The principle and method of astigmatism correction are described in detail. We compare the performance of this modified Czerny-Turner arrangement with that of the traditional Czerny-Turner arrangement by using a practical Czerny-Turner imaging spectrometer example.

  4. Advances in Spectral Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) for Near-Surface Geophysical Exploration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huisman, J. A.; Zimmermann, E.; Kelter, M.; Zhao, Y.; Bukhary, T. H.; Vereecken, H.

    2016-12-01

    Recent advances in spectral Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) now allow to obtain the complex electrical conductivity distribution in near-surface environments with a high accuracy for a broad range of frequencies (mHz - kHz). One of the key advances has been the development of correction methods to account for inductive coupling effects between wires used for current and potential measurements and capacitive coupling between cables and the subsurface environment. In this study, we first review these novel correction methods and then illustrate how the consideration of capacitive and inductive coupling improves spectral EIT results. For this, borehole EIT measurements were made in a shallow aquifer using a custom-made EIT system with two electrode chains each consisting of eight active electrodes with a separation of 1 m. The EIT measurements were inverted with and without consideration of inductive and capacitive coupling effects. The inversion results showed that spatially and spectrally consistent imaging results can only be obtained when inductive coupling effects are considered (phase accuracy of 1-2 mrad at 1 kHz). Capacitive coupling effects were found to be of secondary importance for the set-up used here, but its importance will increase when longer cables are used. Although these results are promising, the active electrode chains can only be used with our custom-made EIT system. Therefore, we also explored to what extent EIT measurements with passive electrode chains amenable to commercially available EIT measurement systems can be corrected for coupling effects. It was found that EIT measurements with passive unshielded cables could not be corrected above 100 Hz because of the strong but inaccurately known capacitive coupling between the electrical wires. However, it was possible to correct EIT measurements with passive shielded cables, and the final accuracy of the phase measurements was estimated to be 2-4 mrad at 1 kHz.

  5. In-Scene-Based Atmospheric Correction of Uncalibrated VISible-SWIR (VIS-SWIR) Hyper- and Multispectral Imagery

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-01-01

    resolution , it is very likely that near-zero reflectance values exist in each spectral channel, corresponding to the minimum data values in the scene...radiometrically uncalibrated data. Quite good agreement was previously demonstrated for the retrieved pixel spectral reflectances between QUAC and the physics...precluding the use of physics-based codes to retrieve surface reflectance. The ability to retrieve absolute spectral reflectances from such sensors

  6. Solid State Research

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-02-15

    imaging in the 3- to 5-/im spectral band [2], Extension of the photoresponse into the long-wavelength infrared ( LWIR ) spectral band, ranging from 8 to 14...jUm, has been demonstrated for IrSi arrays [3]. Recently, a new type of Si-based LWIR detector, utilizing internal photoemission over the hetero...quality thermal images in the LWIR spectral band without uniformity correction. The Geo.44Sio.56 composition was chosen in order to permit low-dark

  7. Deferred empathy: a construct with implications for the mental health of older adults.

    PubMed

    Gunther, Mary

    2008-09-01

    Deferred empathy occurs when an experience provokes a memory that after reflection allows people to say, "Now I understand." Heretofore, the concept was explored only in quantitative research; therefore, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to elicit a more detailed description of the construct of deferred empathy. For most of the participants (n = 20) triggering events involved personal challenges such as loss, loss of control, or interpersonal conflict that reminded them of, and changed, their perception of earlier relationships. Development of empathy involved reflection on past and present events, making choices, changing expectations, and learning acceptance. The process resulted in appreciative understanding of others as well as personal benefits. Findings have implications for mental health promotion in older adults in which life review promotes gerotranscendence.

  8. Noniterative algorithm for improving the accuracy of a multicolor-light-emitting-diode-based colorimeter.

    PubMed

    Yang, Pao-Keng

    2012-05-01

    We present a noniterative algorithm to reliably reconstruct the spectral reflectance from discrete reflectance values measured by using multicolor light emitting diodes (LEDs) as probing light sources. The proposed algorithm estimates the spectral reflectance by a linear combination of product functions of the detector's responsivity function and the LEDs' line-shape functions. After introducing suitable correction, the resulting spectral reflectance was found to be free from the spectral-broadening effect due to the finite bandwidth of LED. We analyzed the data for a real sample and found that spectral reflectance with enhanced resolution gives a more accurate prediction in the color measurement.

  9. Noniterative algorithm for improving the accuracy of a multicolor-light-emitting-diode-based colorimeter

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Pao-Keng

    2012-05-01

    We present a noniterative algorithm to reliably reconstruct the spectral reflectance from discrete reflectance values measured by using multicolor light emitting diodes (LEDs) as probing light sources. The proposed algorithm estimates the spectral reflectance by a linear combination of product functions of the detector's responsivity function and the LEDs' line-shape functions. After introducing suitable correction, the resulting spectral reflectance was found to be free from the spectral-broadening effect due to the finite bandwidth of LED. We analyzed the data for a real sample and found that spectral reflectance with enhanced resolution gives a more accurate prediction in the color measurement.

  10. Classification of the Correct Quranic Letters Pronunciation of Male and Female Reciters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khairuddin, Safiah; Ahmad, Salmiah; Embong, Abdul Halim; Nur Wahidah Nik Hashim, Nik; Altamas, Tareq M. K.; Nuratikah Syd Badaruddin, Syarifah; Shahbudin Hassan, Surul

    2017-11-01

    Recitation of the Holy Quran with the correct Tajweed is essential for every Muslim. Islam has encouraged Quranic education since early age as the recitation of the Quran correctly will represent the correct meaning of the words of Allah. It is important to recite the Quranic verses according to its characteristics (sifaat) and from its point of articulations (makhraj). This paper presents the identification and classification analysis of Quranic letters pronunciation for both male and female reciters, to obtain the unique representation of each letter by male as compared to female expert reciters. Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) was used as the classifier to classify the data with Formants and Power Spectral Density (PSD) as the acoustic features. The result shows that linear classifier of PSD with band 1 and band 2 power spectral combinations gives a high percentage of classification accuracy for most of the Quranic letters. It is also shown that the pronunciation by male reciters gives better result in the classification of the Quranic letters.

  11. INTRINSIC COLORS, TEMPERATURES, AND BOLOMETRIC CORRECTIONS OF PRE-MAIN-SEQUENCE STARS

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pecaut, Mark J.; Mamajek, Eric E.

    2013-09-01

    We present an analysis of the intrinsic colors and temperatures of 5-30 Myr old pre-main-sequence (pre-MS) stars using the F0- through M9-type members of nearby, negligibly reddened groups: the η Cha cluster, the TW Hydra Association, the β Pic Moving Group, and the Tucana-Horologium Association. To check the consistency of spectral types from the literature, we estimate new spectral types for 52 nearby pre-MS stars with spectral types F3 through M4 using optical spectra taken with the SMARTS 1.5 m telescope. Combining these new types with published spectral types and photometry from the literature (Johnson-Cousins BVI{sub C} , 2MASS JHK{submore » S} and WISE W1, W2, W3, and W4), we derive a new empirical spectral type-color sequence for 5-30 Myr old pre-MS stars. Colors for pre-MS stars match dwarf colors for some spectral types and colors, but for other spectral types and colors, deviations can exceed 0.3 mag. We estimate effective temperatures (T {sub eff}) and bolometric corrections (BCs) for our pre-MS star sample through comparing their photometry to synthetic photometry generated using the BT-Settl grid of model atmosphere spectra. We derive a new T {sub eff} and BC scale for pre-MS stars, which should be a more appropriate match for T Tauri stars than often-adopted dwarf star scales. While our new T {sub eff} scale for pre-MS stars is within ≅100 K of dwarfs at a given spectral type for stars« less

  12. The Army Study Program, FY 1982.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-05-31

    COMPLETED, DELETED, AND DEFERRED STUDIES (FOR THE PERIOD: 10/01/81 TO 05/31/82) STUDY TITLE SPONSOR METHOD CAT ACTION STUDY # SUBMILLIMETER MODELING...Studies and Analyses Agencies and Reference Facilities ............... C-1 Appendix D: Completed, Deleted, and Deferred Studies. ....... D-1 Appendix...understanding of relevant issues and lead to conclusions and recommendations for use by decisionmakers. The central purpose of each study is to support action

  13. "This is How We Do This and This Is the Way It Is." Teachers' Choice of Mathematics Compass

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gadanidis, George; Kotsopoulos, Donna

    2009-01-01

    This article explores the factors that may cause teachers to defer to the textbook as the ultimate authority on curriculum and pedagogy, drawing on Bakhtin's notion of authoritative and personally persuasive discourse. We found that although teachers deferred to the textbook as the "authority" of what should be taught, they did not fully implement…

  14. 17 CFR 270.6c-10 - Exemption for certain open-end management investment companies to impose deferred sales loads.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... management investment companies to impose deferred sales loads. 270.6c-10 Section 270.6c-10 Commodity and... ACT OF 1940 § 270.6c-10 Exemption for certain open-end management investment companies to impose... purposes of this section: (1) Company means a registered open-end management investment company, other than...

  15. 34 CFR 674.35 - Deferment of repayment-Federal Perkins loans made before July 1, 1993.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... borrower is at least a half-time regular student at— (i) An institution of higher education; or (ii) A... to qualify for a deferment. (3) If a borrower is attending as at least a half-time regular student for a full academic year and intends to enroll as at least a half-time regular student in the next...

  16. 34 CFR 674.35 - Deferment of repayment-Federal Perkins loans made before July 1, 1993.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... borrower is at least a half-time regular student at— (i) An institution of higher education; or (ii) A... to qualify for a deferment. (3) If a borrower is attending as at least a half-time regular student for a full academic year and intends to enroll as at least a half-time regular student in the next...

  17. 34 CFR 674.35 - Deferment of repayment-Federal Perkins loans made before July 1, 1993.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... borrower is at least a half-time regular student at— (i) An institution of higher education; or (ii) A... to qualify for a deferment. (3) If a borrower is attending as at least a half-time regular student for a full academic year and intends to enroll as at least a half-time regular student in the next...

  18. 17 CFR 247.740 - Defined terms relating to the sweep accounts exception from the definition of “broker.”

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(4)(B)(v)), the following terms shall have the meaning provided: (a) Deferred... effects transactions, that: (i) That class or series is not subject to a sales load or a deferred sales... securities for sales or sales promotion expenses, for personal service, or for the maintenance of shareholder...

  19. 12 CFR 218.740 - Defined terms relating to the sweep accounts exception from the definition of “broker.”

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ....S.C. 78c(a)(4)(B)(v)), the following terms shall have the meaning provided: (a) Deferred sales load... effects transactions, that: (i) That class or series is not subject to a sales load or a deferred sales... securities for sales or sales promotion expenses, for personal service, or for the maintenance of shareholder...

  20. 17 CFR 247.740 - Defined terms relating to the sweep accounts exception from the definition of “broker.”

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Act (15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(4)(B)(v)), the following terms shall have the meaning provided: (a) Deferred... effects transactions, that: (i) That class or series is not subject to a sales load or a deferred sales... securities for sales or sales promotion expenses, for personal service, or for the maintenance of shareholder...

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