Retired NASA F-18 being mounted on pedestal mount at Lancaster California Municipal Baseball Stadium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Workers carefully align a mounting bracket attached to an F/A-18 Hornet aircraft with the top of a pedestal in front of the municipal baseball stadium in the city of Lancaster, California. The Blue-and-white twin-jet aircraft, formerly flown as a safety chase and support aircraft by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, was loaned to the city for display following its recent retirement. Known as 'The Hangar,' the stadium is the home field of the Lancaster Jethawks, a Class-A farm team of the Seattle Mariners.

Correlation of hemocyte counts with different developmental parameters during the last larval instar of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta.

PubMed

Beetz, Susann; Holthusen, Traute K; Koolman, Jan; Trenczek, Tina

2008-02-01

We determined the changes in hemocyte titer and in the abundance of hemocyte types of the tobacco hornworm Manduca sexta during the fourth and fifth larval stadium and the beginning of the pupal stadium. As we analyzed the samples of individual insects at daily intervals, we were able to correlate phenotypical features, body weight, as well as total protein content and lysozyme activity in the hemolymph with the observations on hemocytes. In the course of the fifth larval stadium, the hemocyte titer decreased slightly and declined further after pupation. Using calculated values for total hemocyte numbers, females had about five times and males three times more hemocytes in the circulating population at the beginning of the wandering stage (in the middle of the fifth larval stadium) than immediately after the last larval--larval molt (from the fourth to the fifth larval stadium). This sexual difference was mainly due to an increase in the number of plasmatocytes, which was more prominent in females than in males. Granular cells were dominant in early fifth larval stadium while plasmatocytes were the most abundant cells in pupae. Oenocytoids and spherule cells disappeared during the wandering stage. Lysozyme activity in the hemolymph rose to a maximum during the wandering stage, with females having lysozyme values twice as high as those for males. These changes in lysozyme activity, however, did not correlate with the increase of total hemolymph protein titer which occurred already at the beginning of the wandering stage. We postulate that changes in hemocyte titers are under direct hormonal control, which has to be proven in future experiments. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Spectral statistics of the acoustic stadium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Méndez-Sánchez, R. A.; Báez, G.; Leyvraz, F.; Seligman, T. H.

2014-01-01

We calculate the normal-mode frequencies and wave amplitudes of the two-dimensional acoustical stadium. We also obtain the statistical properties of the acoustical spectrum and show that they agree with the results given by random matrix theory. Some normal-mode wave amplitudes showing scarring are presented.

Defibrillation at a football stadium: an experiment with Brighton and Hove Albion.

PubMed

Jaggarao, N S; Sless, H; Grainger, R; Vincent, R; Chamberlain, D A

1982-05-15

Over a five-year period arrangements have been made to increase the prospects of resuscitation for victims of sudden death at a large football stadium. Seven cases of ventricular fibrillation occurred. Four were resuscitated successfully and were subsequently discharged from hospital.

A redundant resource: a pre-planned casualty clearing station for a FIFA 2010 Stadium in Durban.

PubMed

Hardcastle, Timothy C; Samlal, Sanjay; Naidoo, Rajen; Hendrikse, Steven; Gloster, Alex; Ramlal, Melvin; Ngema, Sibongiseni; Rowe, Michael

2012-10-01

This report details the background, planning, and establishment of a mass-casualty management area for the Durban Moses Mabhida Stadium at the Natal Mounted Rifles base, by the Department of Health and the eThekwini Fire and Rescue Service, for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2010 Soccer World Cup. The report discusses the use of the site during the seven matches played at that stadium, and details the aspects of mass-gathering major incident site planning for football (soccer). The area also was used as a treatment area for other single patient incidents outside of the stadium, but within the exclusion perimeter, and the 22 patients treated by the Casualty Clearing Station (CCS) team are described and briefly discussed. A site-specific patient presentation rate of 0.48 per 10,000 and transport-to-hospital rate (TTHR) of 0.09/10,000 are reported. Lessons learned and implications for future event planning are discussed in the light of the existing literature.

Retired NASA F-18 being hoisted up by crane to pedestal mount at Lancaster California Municipal Base

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Workers adjust a sling holding an F/A-18 Hornet aircraft formerly flown by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, during operations to mount the airframe for display in front of the municipal baseball stadium on Lancaster, California. The F/A-18 was used as a safety chase and support aircraft prior to its recent retirement. The aircraft is now mounted nose skyward on a 28-foot-tall pedestal in front of the stadium. The stadium, known as 'The Hangar,' is the home field of the Lancaster Jethawks, a Class-A farm team of the Seattle Mariners.

Expanding Sports Facilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koger, Dale

2001-01-01

Explains how colleges and universities can increase revenue and enhance status by upgrading their stadiums and arenas. Related issues considered are: determining how much a school should add to its existing stadium and arena, selecting the design and management team, and raising capital. Outlines key areas that design and construction teams should…

Usefulness of emergency medical teams in sport stadiums.

PubMed

Leusveld, E; Kleijn, S; Umans, V A W M

2008-03-01

In August 2006, the new AZ Alkmaar soccer stadium (capacity 17,000) opened. To provide adequate emergency support, medical teams of Red Cross volunteers and coronary care unit and emergency room nurses were formed, and facilities including automated external defibrillators were made available at the stadium. During every match, 3 teams are placed among the spectators. All patients who had cardiac events were stabilized by the teams and transported to the hospital. They formed the study group. From August 2006 to May 2007, >800,000 individuals attended soccer matches at the new stadium. Four cardiac events (3 out-of-hospital-resuscitations for ventricular fibrillation, 1 patient with chest pain) requiring emergency medical support occurred. On-site resuscitations using defibrillators were successful. Two patients with triple-vessel disease subsequently underwent coronary bypass surgery and implantable cardioverter-defibrillator implantation. One patient had single-vessel disease of the circumflex branch, for which he received a coronary stent. All had uneventful recoveries. An acute coronary syndrome was ruled out in the patient presenting with chest pain. In conclusion, the presence of emergency medical teams at a large sport stadium was of vital importance in the immediate care of critically ill patients. On-site resuscitation using automated external defibrillators was lifesaving in all cases. The presence of medical teams equipped with defibrillators and emergency action plans is recommended at large venues that host sports and other activities.

Large Indoor Sports and Recreation Facilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seidler, Todd

This paper presents an overview and analysis of field houses, stadiums, arenas, and campus recreation centers. All are large indoor sports or recreation facilities. In general, stadiums and arenas are spectator facilities while field houses and campus recreation centers are primarily designed for activity. A college field house is a structure that…

KSC-2012-1693

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, throws the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros on Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was located outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Baseball Stadium Design: Teaching Engineering Economics and Technical Communication in a Multi-Disciplinary Setting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahm, Kevin; Newell, James

2001-01-01

Reports on a course at Rowan University, based on the economic design of a baseball stadium, that offers an introduction to multidisciplinary engineering design linked with formal training in technical communication. Addresses four pedagogical goals: (1) developing public speaking skills in a realistic, business setting; (2) giving students…

[Management of cardiac arrest in a German soccer stadium. Structural, process and outcome quality].

PubMed

Luiz, T; Kumpch, M; Metzger, M; Madler, C

2005-09-01

In Germany there is a lack of data about the quality of emergency medical care in mass gatherings. The following report reflects our experience with management of cardiac arrest events as an example for the most critical medical emergency in a soccer stadium. The Fritz-Walter Stadium is a well-known soccer arena with a crowd capacity of 46,600. Emergency medical care is provided by a 2-tiered system consisting of 3 emergency physicians and 65 ambulance personnel and paramedics. Resuscitation was conducted according to the guidelines of the European Resuscitation Council and American Heart Association. Within 80 months, 13 witnessed cardiac arrests occurred, all in males. In each case the initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation, 6 patients collapsed before or after the match. Basic life support was usually provided within 2 min, defibrillation and advanced life support within 4 min, 77% regained spontaneous circulation, and 62% survived without neurologic deficits. Cardiac arrest is a relatively frequent event in a soccer stadium. Due to a well organised response system, the survival rate exceeded by far the corresponding figures reported by public health systems.

The Moses Mabhida Medical Plan: medical care planning and execution at a FIFA2010 stadium; the Durban experience.

PubMed

Hardcastle, Timothy C; Naidoo, Mergan; Samlal, Sanjay; Naidoo, Morgambery; Larsen, Timothy; Mabasu, Muzi; Ngema, Sibongiseni

2010-01-01

This paper aims to outline the medical services provided at the Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2010 Soccer World Cup and audit the clinical services delivered to persons seeking medical assistance. Descriptive report of the medical facilities at the Moses Mabhida Stadium including the staff deployment. Retrospective data review of medical incident reports from the Stadium Medical Team. Medical staffing exceeded the local norms and was satisfactory to provide rapid intervention for all incoming patients. Senior medical presence decreased the transport to hospital rate (TTHR). A total of 316 spectators or support staff were treated during the seven matches played at the stadium. The majority of patients were male (60%), mostly of local origin, with mostly minor complaints that were treated and discharged (88.2% Green codes). The most common complaints were headache, abdominal disorders, and soft-tissue injuries. One fatality was recorded. The patient presentation rate (PPR) was 0.66/10,000 and the TTHR was overall 4.1% of all treated patients (0.027/10,000 spectators). There was little evidence to guide medical planning for staffing from the FIFA governing body. Most patients are treated and released in accordance with international literature, leading to low TTHR rates, while PPR was in line with international experience. Headache was the most common medical complaint. The blowing of Vuvuzelas(®) may have influenced the high headache rate.

The Moses Mabhida Medical Plan: medical care planning and execution at a FIFA2010 stadium; the Durban experience

PubMed Central

Hardcastle, Timothy C; Naidoo, Mergan; Samlal, Sanjay; Naidoo, Morgambery; Larsen, Timothy; Mabasu, Muzi; Ngema, Sibongiseni

2010-01-01

Aim This paper aims to outline the medical services provided at the Moses Mabhida Stadium, Durban, South Africa for the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) 2010 Soccer World Cup and audit the clinical services delivered to persons seeking medical assistance. Methods Descriptive report of the medical facilities at the Moses Mabhida Stadium including the staff deployment. Retrospective data review of medical incident reports from the Stadium Medical Team. Results Medical staffing exceeded the local norms and was satisfactory to provide rapid intervention for all incoming patients. Senior medical presence decreased the transport to hospital rate (TTHR). A total of 316 spectators or support staff were treated during the seven matches played at the stadium. The majority of patients were male (60%), mostly of local origin, with mostly minor complaints that were treated and discharged (88.2% Green codes). The most common complaints were headache, abdominal disorders, and soft-tissue injuries. One fatality was recorded. The patient presentation rate (PPR) was 0.66/10,000 and the TTHR was overall 4.1% of all treated patients (0.027/10,000 spectators). Conclusion There was little evidence to guide medical planning for staffing from the FIFA governing body. Most patients are treated and released in accordance with international literature, leading to low TTHR rates, while PPR was in line with international experience. Headache was the most common medical complaint. The blowing of Vuvuzelas® may have influenced the high headache rate. PMID:27147844

For Berkeley's Sports Endowment, a Goal of $1-Billion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, Josh

2009-01-01

Most athletics programs, if forced to raise $300-million to renovate a football stadium, would not set an ambitious endowment goal at the same time. The University of California at Berkeley is trying to do both. The university's California Memorial Stadium sits directly over an earthquake fault: it needs a major seismic retrofit that will take…

27 CFR 6.53 - Advertising in ballparks, racetracks, and stadiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Advertising in ballparks, racetracks, and stadiums. 6.53 Section 6.53 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS âTIED-HOUSEâ Unlawful Inducements Paying for Advertising, Display Or Distribution Service...

ALTERNATE VIEW OF SIDEWALK AND WALL OF INDIGENOUS VOLCANIC RYOLITE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ALTERNATE VIEW OF SIDEWALK AND WALL OF INDIGENOUS VOLCANIC RYOLITE EASTSIDE OF PIEDMONT AVENUE ADJACENT TO OAK GROVE AND CALIFORNIA MEMORIAL STADIUM. LOOKING NORTH. Photograph by Fredrica Drotos and Michael Kelly, June 29, 2006 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Retired NASA F-18 being hoisted up by crane to pedestal mount at Lancaster California Municipal Base

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

An F/A-18 aircraft formerly flown by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, is lifted by crane towards what has become its new home - a pedestal in front of the municipal baseball stadium in the city of Lancaster, California. The F/A-18 had been flown by NASA Dryden as a safety chase aircraft on research missions and for various other pilot proficiency and support duties prior to its recent retirement. The aircraft is now mounted nose skyward on the 28-foot-tall pedestal in front of the stadium, appropriately named 'The Hangar.' The stadium is the home field of the Lancaster Jethawks, a Class-A farm team of the Seattle Mariners.

Retired NASA F-18 being hoisted up by crane to pedestal mount at Lancaster California Municipal Base

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Under the watchful eyes of news media and officials of the city of Lancaster, California, from a balcony, workers steady an F/A-18 Hornet airframe as it is gently lifted into the air prior to mounting on a pedestal in front of 'The Hangar,' the city's municipal stadium. The F/A-18 was formerly flown by NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center, Edwards, California, as a safety chase and support aircraft prior to its recent retirement. The aircraft is now mounted nose skyward on a 28-foot-tall pedestal on front of the stadium. The stadium is the home field of the Lancaster Jethawks, a Class-A farm team of the Seattle Mariners.

KSC-2012-1695

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Baseball fans are on hand for Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium. Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was located outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Gigapixel Images Connect Sports Teams with Fans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2013-01-01

Technology developed at Ames Research Center to take high-resolution imagery on Mars is now being used in baseball stadiums across the country. New York City-based Major League Baseball Advanced Media LP customized the platform to accommodate in-game shots that capture nearly the whole stadium. Fans navigate the photos online and tag themselves and their friends using social media tools.

Survival analysis of cervical cancer using stratified Cox regression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purnami, S. W.; Inayati, K. D.; Sari, N. W. Wulan; Chosuvivatwong, V.; Sriplung, H.

2016-04-01

Cervical cancer is one of the mostly widely cancer cause of the women death in the world including Indonesia. Most cervical cancer patients come to the hospital already in an advanced stadium. As a result, the treatment of cervical cancer becomes more difficult and even can increase the death's risk. One of parameter that can be used to assess successfully of treatment is the probability of survival. This study raises the issue of cervical cancer survival patients at Dr. Soetomo Hospital using stratified Cox regression based on six factors such as age, stadium, treatment initiation, companion disease, complication, and anemia. Stratified Cox model is used because there is one independent variable that does not satisfy the proportional hazards assumption that is stadium. The results of the stratified Cox model show that the complication variable is significant factor which influent survival probability of cervical cancer patient. The obtained hazard ratio is 7.35. It means that cervical cancer patient who has complication is at risk of dying 7.35 times greater than patient who did not has complication. While the adjusted survival curves showed that stadium IV had the lowest probability of survival.

Penetration of pyrotechnic effects with SWIR laser gated viewing in comparison to VIS and thermal IR bands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Göhler, Benjamin; Lutzmann, Peter

2016-10-01

In this paper, the potential capability of short-wavelength infrared laser gated-viewing for penetrating the pyrotechnic effects smoke and light/heat has been investigated by evaluating data from conducted field trials. The potential of thermal infrared cameras for this purpose has also been considered and the results have been compared to conventional visible cameras as benchmark. The application area is the use in soccer stadiums where pyrotechnics are illegally burned in dense crowds of people obstructing visibility of stadium safety staff and police forces into the involved section of the stadium. Quantitative analyses have been carried out to identify sensor performances. Further, qualitative image comparisons have been presented to give impressions of image quality during the disruptive effects of burning pyrotechnics.

KSC-2012-1689

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – NASA Kennedy Space Center’s “Spaceperson” signals that “all systems are go” for Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium. Bob Cabana, director of Kennedy, is on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. Kennedy also set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle was on display outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-1694

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Third baseman Anthony Rendon, left, of major league baseball’s Washington Nationals offers NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana a pen to sign a baseball during a spring training game between the Nationals and the Houston Astros on Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium. Cabana threw the first pitch of the game. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was located outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-1684

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Baseball fans take the opportunity to pose with NASA Kennedy Space Center’s “Spaceperson” on Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium. Bob Cabana, director of Kennedy, was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. Kennedy also set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle was on display outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Likelihood of illegal alcohol sales at professional sport stadiums.

PubMed

Toomey, Traci L; Erickson, Darin J; Lenk, Kathleen M; Kilian, Gunna R

2008-11-01

Several studies have assessed the propensity for illegal alcohol sales at licensed alcohol establishments and community festivals, but no previous studies examined the propensity for these sales at professional sport stadiums. In this study, we assessed the likelihood of alcohol sales to both underage youth and obviously intoxicated patrons at professional sports stadiums across the United States, and assessed the factors related to likelihood of both types of alcohol sales. We conducted pseudo-underage (i.e., persons age 21 or older who appear under 21) and pseudo-intoxicated (i.e., persons feigning intoxication) alcohol purchase attempts at stadiums that house professional hockey, basketball, baseball, and football teams. We conducted the purchase attempts at 16 sport stadiums located in 5 states. We measured 2 outcome variables: pseudo-underage sale (yes, no) and pseudo-intoxicated sale (yes, no), and 3 types of independent variables: (1) seller characteristics, (2) purchase attempt characteristics, and (3) event characteristics. Following univariate and bivariate analyses, we a separate series of logistic generalized mixed regression models for each outcome variable. The overall sales rates to the pseudo-underage and pseudo-intoxicated buyers were 18% and 74%, respectively. In the multivariate logistic analyses, we found that the odds of a sale to a pseudo-underage buyer in the stands was 2.9 as large as the odds of a sale at the concession booths (30% vs. 13%; p = 0.01). The odds of a sale to an obviously intoxicated buyer in the stands was 2.9 as large as the odds of a sale at the concession booths (89% vs. 73%; p = 0.02). Similar to studies assessing illegal alcohol sales at licensed alcohol establishments and community festivals, findings from this study shows the need for interventions specifically focused on illegal alcohol sales at professional sporting events.

KSC-2012-1683

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – A baseball fan takes the opportunity to pose with an inflatable astronaut set up outside the Space Coast Stadium for the stadium’s Space Day. Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was located outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Notes from the Field: Ebola Virus Disease Response Activities During a Mass Displacement Event After Flooding--Freetown, Sierra Leone, September-November, 2015.

PubMed

Ratto, Jeffrey; Ivy, Wade; Purfield, Anne; Bangura, James; Omoko, Anthony; Boateng, Isaac; Duffy, Nadia; Sims, George; Beamer, Bryan; Pi-Sunyer, Teresa; Kamara, Sarian; Conteh, Sulaiman; Redd, John

2016-02-26

Since the start of the Ebola virus disease (Ebola) outbreak in West Africa, Sierra Leone has reported 8,706 confirmed Ebola cases and 3,956 deaths. During September 15-16, 2015, heavy rains flooded the capital, Freetown, resulting in eight deaths, home and property destruction, and thousands of persons in need of assistance. By September 27, approximately 13,000 flood-affected persons registered for flood relief services from the government. On September 17, two stadiums in Freetown were opened to provide shelter and assistance to flood-affected residents; a total of approximately 3,000 persons stayed overnight in both stadiums (Sierra Leone Ministry of Health and Sanitation, personal communication, September 2015). On the same day the stadiums were opened to flood-affected persons, the Ministry of Health and Sanitation (MoHS) and Western Area Ebola Response Center (WAERC) staff members from CDC, the World Health Organization (WHO), and the African Union evaluated the layout, logistics, and services at both stadiums and identified an immediate need to establish Ebola response activities. The patient in the last Ebola case in the Western Area, which includes Freetown, had died 37 days earlier, on August 11; however, transmission elsewhere in Sierra Leone was ongoing, and movement of persons throughout the country was common.

"It's a funny old game". Football as an educational metaphor within induction to practice-based interprofessional learning.

PubMed

Stephens, John; Abbott-Brailey, Hilary; Pearson, Pauline

2007-08-01

The Common Learning Programme in the North East of England (CLPNE) sought to introduce interprofessional education into the practice setting for pre-registration health and social care students. Students, clinical educators/mentors, and facilitators met within groups over a period of 3 - 6 weeks to explore interprofessional working and learning together. This paper evaluates the use of a game, the Football Stadium, to stimulate participants' exploration of practice-based interprofessional working and learning at CLPNE induction sessions. Data consisting of verbal and written feedback from students and clinical educators/mentors, and field notes from facilitators covering 22 CLPNE pilot sites (February 2003 - July 2005) was supplemented by researcher observation at 12 sites. Two themes emerged from the data: the use of the Football Stadium as an "ice-breaker" at team induction and, the use of the Football Stadium as a vehicle to facilitate reflective learning. Key issues included personal identity and role within a novice--expert continuum, creating and developing the team environment and, enhancing and developing learning communities. Although recognized as requiring careful, sensitive facilitation, the Football Stadium is a simple means to present learning opportunities for interprofessional education within a non-threatening learning environment that facilitates active participation.

It's a goal!: Basing a community psychiatric nursing service in a local football stadium.

PubMed

Pringle, Alan; Sayers, Pete

2004-09-01

This paper describes the development of a community mental health project in a local football stadium. Funded for three years by the Laureus Foundation's 'Sport for Good' initiative, the project provides mental health promotion and mental health awareness input targeted initially at young men, a group who are often very difficult to engage in this type work. Using group interventions and utilising football as a metaphor, the project helps young men address issues around depression, self-esteem and inclusion, and addresses the subject of suicide which remains the second biggest cause of death in young men in Britain. The paper describes the development of the project, the structure of the groups and the evaluation of the first two groups to complete the process. The work takes place in the Moss Rose stadium, home of Macclesfield Town, a team in the English Football League.

A Cautionary Analysis of a Billion Dollar Athletic Expenditure: The History of the Renovation of California Memorial Stadium and the Construction of the Barclay Simpson Student Athlete High Performance Center. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.3.17

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cummins, John

2017-01-01

This paper is a description and analysis of the history of the renovation of Memorial Stadium and the building of the Barclay Simpson Student Athlete High Performance Center (SAHPC) on the Berkeley campus, showing how incremental changes over time result in a much riskier and financially less viable project than originally anticipated. It…

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida, hosts KSC employees at a ballgame at Manatees Stadium. Before the game, attendees offered a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida, hosts KSC employees at a ballgame at Manatees Stadium. Before the game, attendees offered a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

Integrating Syntax, Semantics, and Discourse DARPA Natural Language Understanding Program. Volume 2. Appendices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-14

such as and. but, or the conjunction comma, as in apples, oranges and bananas . Once such a word was recognized, normal parsing was suspended; a portion...Antecedents interpreted with respect to the "reaching the Stadium" event, as happening sometime after thaL A new node a. I pioced up a banana . Up...dose, I noticed the banana would be created in e/s structure ordered sometime after was too green to a the "reaching the Stadium" event. On the other

KSC-2012-1681

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle displayed outside the Space Coast Stadium greets those attending the stadium’s Space Day. Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. Kennedy also set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - KSC employees enjoy a baseball game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted KSC employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - KSC employees enjoy a baseball game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted KSC employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - KSC employees enjoy a baseball game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted the employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - KSC employees enjoy a baseball game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted the employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

KSC-2012-1682

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – The public gets a close view of a full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle on display outside the Space Coast Stadium at the stadium’s Space Day. Bob Cabana, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. Kennedy also set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

[Mass casualty incidents : preparedness of German soccer arenas].

PubMed

Luiz, T; Preisegger, T; Madler, C

2013-04-01

Each weekend soccer arenas attract hundreds of thousands of spectators with the German Bundesliga being one of the most attractive sport series worldwide. In 2006 when the FIFA soccer World Cup™ took place in Germany, the precautions in the participating arenas against mass casualty incidents (MCI) reached a level formerly unknown in Germany. However, it is unknown how soccer arenas are prepared to deal with such incidents in everyday life. In 2011 all German major soccer league clubs were questioned about medical precautions in case of MCIs occurring in the stadium. The questionnaire included the following items: stadium capacity, the number of paramedic personnel, emergency physicians and ambulance vehicles, the command and communication structures, the availability of MCI plans, recent MCI drills and the frequency of MCI. Out of 39, 15 (38.4 %) participated, 50 % from the first league and 20.8 % from the second league. The mean stadium capacity was 41,800 spectators (minimum 10,600, maximum 80,700). Depending on the number of spectators and the individual risk score of the match the following resources were available within the stadiums (average, minimum, maximum,): emergency medical technicians 61-67 (15, 120), emergency physicians 2.3-2.5 (1, 5) and transport capacity 5.3-5.8 patients (1, 15). In 14 arenas (93.3 %) the medical personnel were trained in mass casualty care and had prepared MCI operation schedules. All stadiums had mission control centers equipped with a variety of wired and wireless communication tools, although only eight (52.3 %) arenas used a joint command structure and five (33.3 %) arenas reported MCIs (defined as a scenario involving more than 10 patients) within the past 10 years. In 40 % of the participants the last MCI-related exercise was conducted more than 36 months ago. Most of the participating arenas were adequately staffed to manage the first phase of MCIs but in contrast command structures and transport capacities often focused on individual emergencies. Although most of the participants stated that they planned the resources provision according to well established algorithms, the resources actually available at the arenas varied considerably. The frequency of MCIs in soccer arenas was surprisingly high in contrast to the frequency of MCI-related drills.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - There is action on the baseball diamond during a game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted KSC employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - There is action on the baseball diamond during a game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted KSC employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach throws out the first pitch at a local baseball game at Manatees Stadium. KSC employees were hosted by the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. Before the game, attendees offered a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-05-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach throws out the first pitch at a local baseball game at Manatees Stadium. KSC employees were hosted by the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. Before the game, attendees offered a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

Space Shuttle Endeavour flies by Johnson Space Center

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-12-11

JSC2008-E-154359 (11 Dec. 2008) --- The Space Shuttle Endeavour flies over the Clear Lake area and the Johnson Space Center after having spent the night at a stopover in Tarrant County, while mounted on a modified Boeing 747 shuttle carrier aircraft. Endeavour landed in California on Nov. 30 and was en route back to Florida. This photo, taken from the rear station of a NASA T-38 aircraft, shows the main part of the 1625-acre JSC site. The extremely clear weather allows viewing all the way to Houston's central business district. Harris County Domed Stadium and the Houston NFL franchise's stadium are visible in the upper left quadrant of the photo.

Exposure assessment through realistic laboratory simulation of a soccer stadium fire.

PubMed

van Belle, N J C; van Putten, E M; de Groot, A C; Meeussen, V J A; Banus, S

2010-10-01

On Sunday April 13, 2008 a fire broke out on a grandstand in the Euroborg soccer stadium in Groningen The Netherlands. The polyamide chairs on the grandstand were set on fire and supporters were exposed to the emitted smoke which induced mild health effects. The Dutch government was concerned about potential health risks that such fires could have to exposed fans. Especially the exposure to toxic fumes was considered a risk because prior research has proven that large amounts of chemical compounds are emitted during the burning of chemical substances such as polyamide. Among these emitted compounds are HCN, CO, NO(x), NH(3) and volatile organic compounds. To study if supporters were exposed to hazardous chemical compounds we designed a laboratory controlled replica of a part of the grandstand of the Euroborg stadium to perform fire-experiments. This simulation of the fire under controlled circumstances proved that a wide variety of chemicals were emitted. Especially the emission of CO and NO(x) were high, but also the emission of formaldehyde might be toxicologically relevant. The emission of HCN and NH(3) were less than expected. Exposure assessment suggests that the exposure to NO(x) is the main health risk for the supporters that were present at the Euroborg fire. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Ethics of Smart Stadia: A Stakeholder Analysis of the Croke Park Project.

PubMed

O'Brolcháin, Fiachra; de Colle, Simone; Gordijn, Bert

2018-03-01

The development of "smart stadia", i.e. the use of "smart technologies" in the way sports stadia are designed and managed, promises to enhance the experience of attending a live match through innovative and improved services for the audience, as well as for the players, vendors and other stadium stakeholders. These developments offer us a timely opportunity to reflect on the ethical implications of the use of smart technologies and the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT has the potential to radically transform society and is representative of the ways that novel technologies will alter human life. We use Dublin's Croke Park stadium smart project as a case study for examining the development of smart stadia.

KSC-2012-1687

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Bob Cabana, right, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, shows a baseball fan the ball he will use to make the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros at the Space Coast Stadium’s Space Day. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was located outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-1692

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana, left, consults with third baseman Anthony Rendon of Major League Baseball’s Washington Nationals prior to Cabana’s throwing the first pitch of a spring training game between the Nationals and the Houston Astros at the Space Coast Stadium’s Space Day. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was on display outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-1685

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Tiffany Lindsley, with Education and External Relations at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, hands out information on some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life to a baseball fan attending Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium. Bob Cabana, director of Kennedy, was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle was on display outside the stadium for the occasion to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

47 CFR 74.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... programming operation of a broadcast station and its auxiliaries. Remote control operation. Operation of a... broadcast programs of various kinds. A broadcasting booth at a stadium, convention hall, church, or other...

47 CFR 74.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... programming operation of a broadcast station and its auxiliaries. Remote control operation. Operation of a... broadcast programs of various kinds. A broadcasting booth at a stadium, convention hall, church, or other...

47 CFR 74.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... programming operation of a broadcast station and its auxiliaries. Remote control operation. Operation of a... broadcast programs of various kinds. A broadcasting booth at a stadium, convention hall, church, or other...

47 CFR 74.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... programming operation of a broadcast station and its auxiliaries. Remote control operation. Operation of a... broadcast programs of various kinds. A broadcasting booth at a stadium, convention hall, church, or other...

Human waves in stadiums

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farkas, I.; Helbing, D.; Vicsek, T.

2003-12-01

Mexican wave first widely broadcasted during the 1986 World Cup held in Mexico, is a human wave moving along the stands of stadiums as one section of spectators stands up, arms lifting, then sits down as the next section does the same. Here we use variants of models originally developed for the description of excitable media to demonstrate that this collective human behaviour can be quantitatively interpreted by methods of statistical physics. Adequate modelling of reactions to triggering attempts provides a deeper insight into the mechanisms by which a crowd can be stimulated to execute a particular pattern of behaviour and represents a possible tool of control during events involving excited groups of people. Interactive simulations, video recordings and further images are available at the webpage dedicated to this work: http://angel.elte.hu/wave.

KSC-2012-1688

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Bob Cabana, left, director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida, allows Kennedy’s “Spaceperson” to hold the ball he will use to make the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros at the Space Coast Stadium’s Space Day. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was located outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Flushometer-Valve Toilets Specification and Certification

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Flushometer-valve toilets, also known as flushometer-valve water closets in plumbing standards, are typically found in commercial, institutional, or industrial restrooms, in such places as airports, theaters, stadiums, schools, and office buildings.

Closer Scrutiny.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Mike

2001-01-01

Examines strategies that some universities are using to make their stadium sporting events more secure in the post September 11 era. Schools reveal how they are minimizing their terrorism risks and providing a greater security presence. (GR)

The Green Team

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The environmental impacts of major development projects – office buildings, shopping malls, sports stadiums, college campuses, and the like -- don’t end with construction. From design and construction to operation and maintenance and all the way through t

How to recognize a “Beast Quake” and a “Dance Quake”

USGS Publications Warehouse

Malone, Stephen; Hall, Kelley; Simmons, Lynn; Vidale, John

2015-01-01

Any good seismologist–carryball (i.e., American football) fan remembers the “beast quake” of 2011. Seahawks fans’ exuberant reactions to a Marshawn Lynch (in beast mode) run caused the stadium to shake enough to be well recorded on a strong‐motion seismograph a block away (Vidale, 2011). With the Seahawks at home for the National Football Conference (NFC) Championship playoffs, both last year and this year, the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network (PNSN) received permission to install some seismometers in the stadium. Motivations for the experiment included testing the field and telemetry equipment, examining analysis and display techniques, and practicing quick reactions to mobilize field experiments. With PNSN students and staff who are also Seahawks fans, it was not hard to get volunteers to do the installations and monitor the on‐field actions and the resulting seismograms.

KSC-2012-1686

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – From left, Kelvin Manning, associate director of NASA’s Kennedy Space Center, and Bob Cabana, director of the center, visit the NASA booth on Space Day at the Space Coast Stadium where information on some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life is being distributed to baseball fans attending the stadium’s Space Day. Cabana was on hand to throw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and the Houston Astros. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle was on display outside the stadium for the occasion to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Calmodulin as a downstream gene of octopamine-OAR α1 signalling mediates olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts.

PubMed

Xu, L; Li, L; Yang, P; Ma, Z

2017-02-01

The migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) shows aggregative traits in nymph marching bands and swarm formations through mutual olfactory attraction of conspecifics. However, olfactory preference in different nymph stages in gregarious locusts is not sufficiently explored. In this study, we found that the nymph olfactory preference for gregarious volatiles exhibited obvious variations at different developmental stages. The gregarious locusts show attractive response to conspecific volatiles from the third stadium. Transcriptome comparison between third- and fourth-stadium nymphs showed that the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) pathways are significantly enriched. Amongst the genes present in GPCR pathways, the expression level of calmodulin in locust brains significantly increased from the third- to the fourth-stadium nymphs. Amongst the four octopamine receptors (OARs) belonging to the GPCR family, only OAR α1 showed similar expression patterns to those of calmodulin, and knockdown of OAR α1 reduced the expression level of calmodulin. RNA interference of calmodulin decreased locomotion and induced the loss of olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts. Moreover, the activation of OAR α1 in calmodulin-knockdown locusts did not induce olfactory attraction of the nymphs to gregarious volatiles. Thus, calmodulin as a downstream gene of octopamine-OAR α1 (OA-OAR α1) signalling mediates olfactory attraction in gregarious locusts. Overall, this study provides novel insights into the mechanism of OA-OAR α1 signalling involved in olfactory attraction of gregarious locusts. © 2016 The Royal Entomological Society.

Hinchliffe Stadium Heritage Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Pascrell, Bill, Jr. [D-NJ-9

2013-06-19

Senate - 07/23/2014 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

University of Florida Campus, Plaza of the Americas, University of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

University of Florida Campus, Plaza of the Americas, University of Florida Campus Quad Bounded by West University Avenue, US 441/Southwest 13th Street, Stadium Road, and North-South Drive, Gainesville, Alachua County, FL

See your friends close and your enemies closer: social identity and identity threat shape the representation of physical distance.

PubMed

Xiao, Y Jenny; Van Bavel, Jay J

2012-07-01

Three studies demonstrated that collective identity and identity threat shape representations of the physical world. In Study 1, New York Yankees fans estimated Fenway Park, the stadium of a threatening out-group (but not Camden Yards, the stadium of a neutral out-group) to be closer than did non-Yankees fans. In Study 2, the authors manipulated identity threat among people affiliated (or not) with New York University (NYU). When Columbia University was portrayed as threatening to NYU, NYU affiliates estimated Columbia as closer than did non-affiliates, compared with when Columbia was nonthreatening. In Study 3, Americans who perceived more symbolic threats from Mexican immigration estimated Mexico City as closer. Collective identification with the in-group moderated effects of threat on distance estimations. These studies suggest that social categorization, collective identification, and identity threat work in concert to shape the representations of the physical world.

Home advantage in retractable-roof baseball stadia.

PubMed

Romanowich, Paul

2012-10-01

This study examined whether the home advantage varies for open-air, domed, or retractable-roof baseball stadia, and whether having the roof open or closed affects the home advantage in retractable-roof baseball stadia. Data from Major League Baseball (MLB) games played between 2001 and 2009 were analyzed for whether or not the presence of a home-advantage was dependent on the type of home stadium used. Home advantage was robust for all three types of stadia. A significant effect of stadium type on home advantage was found, with a greater home advantage for teams playing home games in domed stadia relative to open-air stadia, replicating a previous study. There was a greater home advantage for teams playing home games in domed stadia relative to retractable-roof stadia. No other differences in the home advantage were found; results are discussed in terms of familiarity with the facility.

New York City, Hudson River, NY, USA

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-88-054 (28 April-6 May 1991) --- The dense urban development of the New York City metropolitan area in downstate New York, Long Island and New Jersey shows up as gray and white on this color Infrared photograph. The scene was taken on a remarkably clear spring day. Almost all the major man-made structures of the area are obvious, including ship traffic in and out of New York Harbor, the piers, all of the bridges spanning the area rivers and connecting Manhattan Island with New Jersey, the Bronx, Brooklyn and Queens, the three major airports (Newark, La Guardia and JFK), the New York State thruway, as well as Shea Stadium and Yankee Stadium. The reds and pinks are vegetated areas. Central Park clearly shows up on Manhattan, as do the string of parks along the cliffs (formed by the Palisades sill) along the west side of the Hudson north of the George Washington Bridge.

KSC-2012-1691

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – Space Exploration Technologies’ Christen Brown, left, presents NASA Kennedy Space Center Director Bob Cabana with a model of the company’s Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft at the Space Coast Stadium’s Space Day. Known as SpaceX, the company is one of NASA’s commercial partners. Cabana threw the first pitch of a spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and Houston Astros. Kennedy set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle also was on display outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

KSC-2012-1690

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-08

VIERA, Fla. – NASA Kennedy Space Center’s “Spaceperson” hangs out with baseball fans at the Space Coast Stadium’s Space Day. From left are Shannon Comerford, spring training coordinator for the Washington Nationals, Kelvin Manning, Kennedy associate director, Bob Cabana, Kennedy director, and Gretchen Dimmer, budget analyst in Kennedy’s Office of the Chief Financial Officer. Cabana was on hand to throw the first pitch of the spring training game between Major League Baseball's Washington Nationals and Houston Astros. Kennedy also set up a booth at the stadium for the occasion to highlight some of the contributions the space agency has made to sports, transportation and everyday life. A full-scale test version of NASA's new Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle was on display outside the stadium to show the public the spacecraft under development that will take astronauts farther into space than ever before. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Cementitious Barriers Partnership - FY2015 End-Year Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burns, H. H.; Flach, G. P.; Langton, C. A.

2015-09-17

The DOE-EM Office of Tank Waste Management Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) is chartered with providing the technical basis for implementing cement-based waste forms and radioactive waste containment structures for long-term disposal. Therefore, the CBP ultimate purpose is to support progress in final treatment and disposal of legacy waste and closure of High-Level Waste (HLW) tanks in the DOE complex. This status report highlights the CBP 2015 Software and Experimental Program efforts and accomplishments that support DOE needs in environmental cleanup and waste disposal. DOE needs in this area include: Long-term performance predictions to provide credibility (i.e., a defensible technical basis)more » for regulator and DOE review and approvals, Facility flow sheet development/enhancements, and Conceptual designs for new disposal facilities. In 2015, the CBP developed a beta release of the CBP Software Toolbox – “Version 3.0”, which includes new STADIUM carbonation and damage models, a new SRNL module for estimating hydraulic properties and flow in fractured and intact cementitious materials, and a new LeachXS/ORCHESTRA (LXO) oxidation module. In addition, the STADIUM sulfate attack and chloride models have been improved as well as the LXO modules for sulfate attack, carbonation, constituent leaching, and percolation with radial diffusion (for leaching and transport in cracked cementitious materials). These STADIUM and LXO models are applicable to and can be used by both DOE and the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) end-users for service life prediction and long-term leaching evaluations of radioactive waste containment structures across the DOE complex.« less

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio as a predictor of preoperative tumor staging in testicular germ cell tumors.

PubMed

Jankovich, M; Jankovichova, T; Ondrus, D; Breza, J

2017-01-01

The aim of our study was to evaluate associations of elevated preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) with testicular germ cell tumors (GCT) characteristics other than cancer specific survival (CSS) and progression free survival (PFS). NLR was recently presented as a widely available and inexpensive marker of poor prognosis in several types of solid tumors. Previous study showed no predictive value of NLR for CSS and PFS in testicular GCT. Association of high NLR with histological type of tumor, presence of metastatic disease preoperatively and worse than T1 stadium in TNM classification preoperatively was analyzed in 103 patients who underwent radical orchiectomy for testicular GCT. No statistically significant difference in the prevalence of seminomas and non-seminomas neither in the group with NLR≥4 (p=0.6698) nor in the group with NLR<4 (p=0.9115) was detected. Similarly, no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of metastatic and non-metastatic disease in the group with NLR≥4 (p=0.2008), however statistically significant higher prevalence of non-metastatic disease in the group with NLR<4 (p=0.0001) was found. There was a statistically significant higher number of patients with worse than T1 stadium in patients with NLR≥4 (p=0.0105), but not significant difference in the group with NLR<4 (p=0.0956). The results of our study showed that NLR lower than 4 predicts non-metastatic disease and NLR higher or equal 4 predicts worse than T1 stadium (Tab. 3, Ref. 12).

Historic Landscape Plan University of Florida Campus, Plaza of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Historic Landscape Plan - University of Florida Campus, Plaza of the Americas, University of Florida Campus Quad Bounded by West University Avenue, US 441/Southwest 13th Street, Stadium Road, and North-South Drive, Gainesville, Alachua County, FL

Unit 5, STA. 13+00+RB, point stadiumcontext Johnstown Local Flood ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Unit 5, STA. 13+00+RB, point stadium-context - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Unit 5, STA, 13+00+RB, point stadiumdetail Johnstown Local Flood ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Unit 5, STA, 13+00+RB, point stadium-detail - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

The Creativity-Diversity Link

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gates, Gary J.

2004-01-01

The growing dominance of the creative economy challenges cities and regions to move beyond the impulse toward "big ticket" economic development strategies like stadiums and convention centres and consider increased support for community-level strategies that encourage social and cultural diversity. Vibrant street scenes, eclectic…

9. Photocopy of Blueprint (Original held by the Community end ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. Photocopy of Blueprint (Original held by the Community end Economic Development Department, City of Detroit), C. Howard Crane, Architect. CROSS SECTION THROUGH STADIUM, NOVEMBER 27, 1926. (4' x 5' negative) - Olympia Arena, 5920 Grand River Avenue, Detroit, MI

76 FR 17670 - National Register of Historic Places; Notification of Pending Nominations and Related Actions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-30

... Churches of Philadelphia 1787-1949 MPS) 750-762 S Broad St, Philadelphia, 11000199 RHODE ISLAND Kent County... County Memorial Stadium, Intersection of E Main St and Lonnie Lowe Ln, Johnson City, 10000472 [FR Doc...

76 FR 17110 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-28

... automated collection techniques or other forms of information technology. DATES: Consideration will be given... Expansion Memorial Park, Ballpark Village Field at Busch Stadium, and the Soldiers' Military Memorial Museum... Branch announces a proposed new public information collection and seeks public comment on the provisions...

Intraguild Competition of Three Noctuid Maize Pests.

PubMed

Bentivenha, J P F; Baldin, E L L; Hunt, T E; Paula-Moraes, S V; Blankenship, E E

2016-08-01

The western bean cutworm Striacosta albicosta (Smith), the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), and the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are among the major lepidopteran pests of maize in the United States, belonging to the same guild and injuring the reproductive tissues of this crop. Here, intraguild competition of these lepidopterans on non-Bt maize was evaluated through survival analysis of each species under laboratory and field conditions. Competition scenarios were carried out in arenas containing maize silk or ear tissue, using larvae on different stadium of development. Fitness cost competition studies were conducted to examine the influence of intraguild competition and cannibalism and predation rates on larval development. The survival of S. albicosta competing with the other species was significantly lower than in intraspecific competition, even when the larvae were more developed than the competitor. For S. frugiperda, survival remained high in the different competition scenarios, except when competing in a smaller stadium with H. zea Larvae of H. zea had a high rate of cannibalism, higher survival when competing against S. albicosta than S. frugiperda, and reduced survival when the H. zea larvae were at the same development stadium or smaller than the competitors. Based on fitness cost results, the absence of a competitor for the feeding source may confer an advantage to the larval development of S. frugiperda and H. zea Our data suggest that S. frugiperda has a competitive advantage against the other species, while S. albicosta has the disadvantage in the intraguild competition on non-Bt maize. © The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Sports betting marketing during sporting events: a stadium and broadcast census of Australian Football League matches.

PubMed

Thomas, Samantha; Lewis, Sophie; Duong, Jenny; McLeod, Colin

2012-04-01

Using Australian Football League (AFL) matches as a case study, we investigated the frequency, length and content of marketing strategies for sports betting during two specific settings: 1) at stadiums during four live matches; and 2) during eight televised broadcasts of matches. Census of sports betting marketing during Round 12 of the 2011 AFL premiership season. Per match, there was an average of 58.5 episodes (median 49.5, s.d 27.8) and 341.1 minutes (median 324.1 minutes and s.d 44.5) of sports betting marketing at stadiums, and 50.5 episodes (median 53.5, s.d 45.2) and 4.8 minutes (median 5.0 minutes, s.d 4.0) during televised broadcasts. A diverse range of marketing techniques were used to: a) embed sports betting within the game; b) align sports betting with fans' overall experience of the game; and c) encourage individuals to bet live during the game. There were very few visible or audible messages (such as responsible gambling or Gambler's Help messages) to counter-frame the overwhelmingly positive messages that individuals received about sports betting during the match. This study raises important questions about the impacts of saturation, integrated and impulse gambling marketing strategies in sporting matches. Future research should explore: 1) how wagering industry marketing strategies may affect the attitudes and behaviours of community sub-groups (e.g. young male sports fans, and children); and 2) which public health and policy strategies, including regulation and harm minimisation messaging, will be effective in responding to wagering industry marketing strategies during sporting matches. © 2012 The Authors. ANZJPH © 2012 Public Health Association of Australia.

A synthesis report of purpose and need: assessment of event egress for Houston's Reliant Stadium.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-12-01

Attendance at large arena events is increasing, as the seats are added, and ground level activities such as tailgating attract visitors not attending the game. Access is somewhat staggered as people choose their arrival times differently. However, th...

From the Stadium Parking Lot to the Information Superhighway: How To Protect Your Trademarks from Infringement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bearby, Scott; Siegal, Bruce

2002-01-01

Provides an overview of collegiate trademark cases; discusses several forms of infringement, including traditional infringement on commercial products, ambush marketing, and Internet infringement; addresses available remedies; and offers practical tips for dealing effectively with trademark protection. (EV)

KSC-03PD-1517

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. The Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida, hosts KSC employees at a ballgame at Manatees Stadium. Before the game, attendees offered a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

Rationale choosing interval of a piecewise-constant approximation of input rate of non-stationary queue system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korelin, Ivan A.; Porshnev, Sergey V.

2018-01-01

The paper demonstrates the possibility of calculating the characteristics of the flow of visitors to objects carrying out mass events passing through checkpoints. The mathematical model is based on the non-stationary queuing system (NQS) where dependence of requests input rate from time is described by the function. This function was chosen in such way that its properties were similar to the real dependencies of speed of visitors arrival on football matches to the stadium. A piecewise-constant approximation of the function is used when statistical modeling of NQS performing. Authors calculated the dependencies of the queue length and waiting time for visitors to service (time in queue) on time for different laws. Time required to service the entire queue and the number of visitors entering the stadium at the beginning of the match were calculated too. We found the dependence for macroscopic quantitative characteristics of NQS from the number of averaging sections of the input rate.

The Research on Application of Information Technology in sports Stadiums

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Can, Han; Lu, Ma; Gan, Luying

With the Olympic glory in the national fitness program planning and the smooth development of China, the public's concern for the sport continues to grow, while their physical health is also increasingly fervent desired, the country launched a modern technological construction of sports facilities. Information technology applications in the sports venues in the increasingly wide range of modern venues and facilities, including not only the intelligent application of office automation systems, intelligent systems and sports facilities, communication systems for event management, ticket access control system, contest information systems, television systems, Command and Control System, but also in action including the use of computer technology, image analysis, computer-aided training athletes, sports training system and related data entry systems, decision support systems.Using documentary data method, this paper focuses on the research on application of information technology in Sports Stadiums, and try to explore its future trends.With a view to promote the growth of China's national economyand,so as to improve the students'quality and promote the cause of Chinese sports.

78 FR 20916 - Information Collection(s) Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission, Comments...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

.... Obligation to Respond: Required to obtain or retain benefits. Statutory authority for this information... as stadiums, airports, office buildings, hospitals, tunnels and educational campuses. Industrial...: Required to obtain or retain benefits. Statutory authority for this collection of information is contained...

SSC San Diego Command History Calendar Year 2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

firehelp/ to provide a means to offer assistance to co-workers and others in need. During the crises , the Center made positive contact with all...Rescue Bureau to locate fire victims in unincorporated areas • assisting evacuees at Qualcomm Stadium • manning Community Access Phone Service lines

2-4-6-Hate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owens, Tom

2006-01-01

Imagine a classroom teacher detailing ways to taunt and name-call, drilling her students on chants designed to humiliate another group of students. Who, anywhere, would expect that to happen? But in school gyms and stadiums, such behavior--sometimes characterized as humor rather than humiliation--often is the norm. Racial, religious, ethnic or…

Television and the Construction of Myth: Liverpool 1985.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bailey, Adrian; Leaman, Oliver

This document analyzes the construction of a mythical representation through television, focusing on the British Broadcasting Company's (BBC) television coverage of the violence which took place at the Heysel Stadium in Brussels prior to the 1985 European Cup Final between Juventus and Liverpool. As background for this analysis, a concept of…

Behind the Scenes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahnert, Roger; Pack, Andrew

2007-01-01

High-quality sports facilities are an essential tool in recruiting top collegiate athletes and coaches. They enhance the school's competitiveness and enable expansion of the school's sports programs. In choosing schools, top athletes and coaches assess the quality of the stadium, playing fields, track and courts. But they also will be looking at…

Larval life history responses to food deprivation in three species of predatory lady beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We studied life history responses of larvae of three coccinellid species, Coleomegilla maculata (DeGeer), Hippodamia convergens Guerin-Meneville, and Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), when deprived of food for different periods of time during the fourth stadium. The coccinellid species did not differ in ...

Making Visionary Design Work at Policy Level and in Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burgdorff, Frauke

2011-01-01

Good architecture responds to contemporary challenges, irrespective of fashionable trends, and is characterised by rigorous building processes. Office buildings, housing, stadiums and theatres offer outstanding examples of this principle. But do school buildings figure among them? Happily, in Germany they do, although they are still too rare. This…

Protection of Department of Defense Facilities from Airborne CBR Threats: An Annotated Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

resistance. The use and control of smoke or isolation dampers plays a key role, along with the definition of smoke control zones and sandwich ...educational facilities; and other areas of public assembly such as stadiums, coliseums, and vehicle tunnels and subways . This scope also pertains to

Military Appreciation Day at RFK stadium

Science.gov Websites

You have reached a collection of archived material. The content available is no longer being . If you wish to see the latest content, please visit the current version of the site. For persons with disabilities experiencing difficulties accessing content on archive.defense.gov, please use the DoD Section 508

College and University Facilities Guide for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Athletics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association for Health, Physical Education, and Recreation, Washington, DC.

This guide presents information concerned with the planning of areas and facilities for athletics, recreation, outdoor education, and physical and health education. Swimming pools, service areas, ice skating, field houses, arenas, and stadiums are among the many facilities which are considered. Included are many diagrams and sketches giving…

A bill to adjust the boundaries of Paterson Great Falls National Historical Park to include Hinchliffe Stadium, and for other purposes.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Menendez, Robert [D-NJ

2013-06-19

Senate - 07/23/2014 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources Senate Subcommittee on National Parks. Hearings held. With printed Hearing: S.Hrg. 113-493. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Designing a Sound Reducing Wall

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erk, Kendra; Lumkes, John; Shambach, Jill; Braile, Larry; Brickler, Anne; Matthys, Anna

2015-01-01

Acoustical engineers use their knowledge of sound to design quiet environments (e.g., classrooms and libraries) as well as to design environments that are supposed to be loud (e.g., concert halls and football stadiums). They also design sound barriers, such as the walls along busy roadways that decrease the traffic noise heard by people in…

Kim Jong IL and North Korea: The Leader and the System

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

defined in Title 17, United States Code , section 101. As such, it is in the public domain, and under the provisions of Title 17, United States Code ...diplomat.35 Kim probably also had a major hand in designing the massive Nuremburg -style rally at the stadium that Albright witnessed the day before

Environmental Protection Begins with You: A Guide to Environmental Community Service

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Environmental Protection Agency, 2006

2006-01-01

This guide contains examples of volunteer projects related to solid waste management. Volunteering provides the opportunity to enjoy new experiences, meet new people, learn new skills, and put ideas and talents to work. The stories included in this guide are: (1) Raucous Revelry and Recycling: Penn State Beaver Stadium Post-Game Recycling…

Effect of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, Headline and Stadium on sucrose yield and storage properties

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) have been reported to enhance yield and protect crop plants and products against abiotic stresses and diseases. The effect of these compounds on sugarbeets, however, is unknown. Research was initiated in 2014 to investigate the effects of an early seas...

Stealing Home: Eminent Domain, Urban Renewal, and the Loss of Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christensen, Linda

2013-01-01

This article describes how the historic destruction of the Chavez Ravine neighborhood in Los Angeles--to build Dodger Stadium--paved the way for students to understand changes in their own neighborhood. Through slideshows, poems, newscast transcripts, field trips, and classroom activities, students navigated the complex history of Chavez Ravine to…

KSC-03PD-1522

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. KSC employees enjoy a baseball game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted the employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

KSC-03PD-1521

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. KSC employees enjoy a baseball game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted KSC employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

NASA Sees Target Field, Minneapolis, Minnesota -- Home of 2014 MLB All-Star Game

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-07-15

Landsat satellites collect data along a wide ground track that spans 185 kilometers (115 miles) but with a spatial resolution that allows them to see the human signature on the landscape. Each Landsat pixel covers a 30 by 30 meter area (98 by 98 feet), about the size of a baseball diamond. This visualization shows the Landsat path over Minneapolis, the site of the 2014 Major League Baseball All-Star game, and then zooms in to reveal the individual pixels. The green of the field and the white of the stadium are visible, before fading to an aerial photograph taken March 2010. See close up of stadium here: www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/14662019381/in/photostream/ Credit: NASA/Goddard/Landsat NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Porphyrobacter mercurialis sp. nov., isolated from a stadium seat and emended description of the genus Porphyrobacter

PubMed Central

Flanagan, Jennifer C.; Stump, Andrew; Alexiev, Alexandra; Lang, Jenna M.

2015-01-01

A novel, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic yellow-orange bacterial strain was isolated from a stadium seat. Strain CoronadoT falls within the Erythrobacteraceae family and the genus Porphyrobacter based on 16S rRNA phylogenetic analysis. This strain has Q-10 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone, as do other members of the family. The fatty acid profile of this strain is similar to other Porphyrobacter, however CoronadoT contains predominately C18:1ω7cis and C16:0, a high percentage of the latter not being observed in any other Erythrobacteraceae. This strain is catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, can grow from 4 to 28 °C, at NaCl concentrations 0.1–1.5%, and at pH 6.0–8.0. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data presented in this study, strain CoronadoT represents a novel species in the Porphyrobacter genus for which the name Porphyrobacter mercurialis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is CoronadoT (=DSMZ 29971, =LMG 28700). PMID:26587357

World Cup Final

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

On July 9, hundreds of millions of fans worldwide will be glued to their television sets watching the final match of the 2006 FIFA World Cup, played in Berlin's Olympic stadium (Olympiastadion). The stadium was originally built for the 1936 Summer Olympics. The Olympic Stadium seats 76,000,; its roof rises 68 meters over the seats and is made up of transparent panels that allow sunlight to stream in during the day.

With its 14 spectral bands from the visible to the thermal infrared wavelength region, and its high spatial resolution of 15 to 90 meters (about 50 to 300 feet), ASTER images Earth to map and monitor the changing surface of our planet.

ASTER is one of five Earth-observing instruments launched December 18, 1999, on NASA's Terra satellite. The instrument was built by Japan's Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry. A joint U.S./Japan science team is responsible for validation and calibration of the instrument and the data products.

The broad spectral coverage and high spectral resolution of ASTER provides scientists in numerous disciplines with critical information for surface mapping, and monitoring of dynamic conditions and temporal change. Example applications are: monitoring glacial advances and retreats; monitoring potentially active volcanoes; identifying crop stress; determining cloud morphology and physical properties; wetlands evaluation; thermal pollution monitoring; coral reef degradation; surface temperature mapping of soils and geology; and measuring surface heat balance.

The U.S. science team is located at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, Calif. The Terra mission is part of NASA's Science Mission Directorate.

Size: 12.1 by 15.9 kilometers (7.5 by 9.5 miles) Location: 52.5 degrees North latitude, 13.3 degrees East longitude Orientation: North at top Image Data: ASTER bands 3, 2, and 1 Original Data Resolution: 15 meters (49.2 feet) Dates Acquired: October 15, 2005

Polymers for the stabilization and delivery of proteins topically and per os to the insect hemocoel through conjugation with aliphatic polyethylene glycol.

PubMed

Jeffers, Laura A; Shen, Hongyan; Bissinger, Brooke W; Khalil, Sayed; Gunnoe, T Brent; Roe, R Michael

2014-10-01

Co-feeding of aliphatic polyethylene glycol (PEG), phospholipase A2, anionic and ionic detergents, and amphipathic glycoside with bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein to fourth stadium tobacco budworms, Heliothis virescens, did not affect the levels of BSA in the hemolymph. Covalent conjugation of small proteins like the decapeptide trypsin modulating oostatic factor (TMOF) to polyethylene glycol was previously shown to protect the peptide from protease attack and enhance its accumulation in the insect hemocoel. Whether this polymer chemistry could do the same for larger proteins was examined. The chemistry for the synthesis of polydispersed aliphatic PEG350-insulin and monodispersed aliphatic PEG333-insulin are described herein. Insulin was used for this synthesis and not BSA to better control conjugation among the available free amine groups. When PEGylated insulin or free insulin were fed in artificial diet to fifth stadium budworms, greater concentrations of insulin using the PEGylated variants were found in the hemolymph than when free insulin was used (a 6.7 and 7.3-fold increase for the PEG350 and PEG333 conjugates, respectively). When insulin is topically applied to the dorsum of H. virescens, no insulin is found in the hemolymph. However, after topical application of the PEGylated insulins, PEG350-insulin and PEG333-insulin were detected in the hemolymph. After injections of insulin into the hemocoel of fourth stadium H. virescens, insulin is completely cleared from the hemolymph in 120min. In comparison, PEG350-insulin and PEG333-insulin were present in the hemolymph for 300 and 240min after injection, respectively, translating to a 3.3 and 2.7-fold increase in the length of time insulin remains in the hemolymph after injection. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

78 FR 45056 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Lake Washington Ship Canal, Seattle, WA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-26

... Seattle, WA. The deviation is necessary to accommodate vehicular traffic attending football games at Husky... in the closed position two hours before and two hours after each game. Please note that the game times for five of the seven games scheduled for Husky Stadium have not yet been determined due to NCAA...

Statcast and the Baseball Trajectory Calculator

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kagan, David; Nathan, Alan M.

2017-01-01

Baseball's flirtation with technology began in 2005 when PITCHf/x® by Sportvision started to be installed in major league ballparks. Every stadium had the system operational by 2007. Since then, the trajectories of over six million pitches have been measured to within about half an inch using three 60-Hz video cameras to track the position of the…

As Cutbacks Hit College Sports, Baseball Falls behind in the Count

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolverton, Brad

2009-01-01

For two weeks every June, the College World Series showcases one of the National Collegiate Athletic Association's (NCAA's) most popular sports. More than 300,000 fans flock to picturesque Rosenblatt Stadium, in Omaha, with millions more tuning in on ESPN. Ticket sales, which in recent years topped $9-million, make baseball the NCAA's…

VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING WAY VIEW OF 2401 PIEDMONT, ALPHA EPSILON PHI HOUSE BY RATCLIFF & RATCLIFF, 1958. SEEN FROM NW CORNER LOOKING SE. Photograph by Brian Grogan, July 8, 2007 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Condolence Books: Language and Meaning in the Mourning for Hillsborough and Diana

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brennan, Michael

2008-01-01

This article reports empirical research into public books of condolence signed following two key mourning events within British culture: the 1989 Hillsborough soccer stadium disaster and the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, in 1997. The author suggests that not only do condolence books provide valuable historical record of the way contemporary…

VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING WAY. SEEN FROM SW CORNER TOWARDS 2395 PIEDMONT, SIGMA PI HOUSE BY FREDERICK H. REIMERS, 1928. LOOKING NORTH. Photograph by Brian Grogan, July 8, 2007 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Effect of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, Headline and Stadium on sucrose yield and storage properties

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) have been reported to enhance yield and protect crop plants and products against abiotic stresses and diseases. The effect of these compounds on sugarbeets, however, is unknown. Research was conducted in 2015 and 2016 to investigate the effects of an e...

Effect of methyl jasmonate, salicylic acid, Headline and Stadium on root yield, sucrose yield, and storage properties

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) have been reported to enhance yield and protect crop plants and products against abiotic stresses and diseases. The effect of these compounds on sugarbeets, however, is unknown. Research was conducted in 2016 and 2017 to investigate the effects of an e...

KSC-03PD-1518

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. Shuttle Launch Director Mike Leinbach throws out the first pitch at a local baseball game at Manatees Stadium. KSC employees were hosted by the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. Before the game, attendees offered a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

KSC-03PD-1520

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. There is action on the baseball diamond during a game at Manatees Stadium, home of the Brevard Manatees, a minor league baseball team in Central Florida. The team hosted KSC employees for the game, which included a moment of silence to honor the STS-107 crew and two recovery workers who died in a helicopter crash.

Isolation and characterization of juvenile hormone esterase from gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)

Treesearch

Algimantas P. Valaitis; Joan Jolliff

1991-01-01

Insect metamorphosis is under precise hormonal control. During the last larval stadium, the degradation of juvenile hormone by juvenile hormone esterase (JHE) is essential for the initiation of pupation. Therefore, we have targeted this system for disruption with a strategy to produce a recombinant gypsy moth virus which expresses JHE. In order to clone and insert the...

Biting into the Yellow Pepper: The Development of the Interdisciplinary Learner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haynes, Carolyn

2014-01-01

In the opening credits of the television cult classic "Iron Chef," Chairman Kaga takes a huge bite out of a big yellow bell pepper. With the ensuing smirk on his face, he introduces the famous "Kitchen Stadium," which he notes is his "dream in a form never seen before." What follows is a learning experience in which…

The Energy Dome. Social Studies Packet-Grades 4, 5, 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Science Teachers Association, Washington, DC.

This teacher's guide contains a unit of study for teaching about energy in grades four, five, and six. The guide is self-contained and includes the fact sheets students need to work out the activity problems. The unit is organized around the theme of the domed athletic stadium. The students begin by surveying the energy it takes to travel from…

Tornado Safety (Online Tornado FAQ)

Science.gov Websites

, nursing homes, hospitals, sports arenas, stadiums, mobile home communities and offices should have a ; you could be trapped in them if the power is lost. In a mobile home:Get out! Even if your home is tied destroy even tied-down mobile homes; and it is best not to play the low odds that yours will make it. This

77 FR 23671 - Notice of Availability of the Final Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement for the Disposal...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-20

... units, retail (125,000 square feet (sq ft)), research and development (R&D) (2.5 million sq ft... the development as necessary. Alternative 1A (the ``Stadium Plan/No Bridge Alternative'') includes the disposal of HPS by the DoN and its reuse with the same level, land use types, and density of development as...

DETAIL VIEW OF SIDEWALKS AND TREES ON CHANNING WAY AT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL VIEW OF SIDEWALKS AND TREES ON CHANNING WAY AT INTERSECTION OF PIEDMONT AVENUE WITH 2395 PIEDMONT, SIGMA PI HOUSE BY FREDERICK H. REIMERS, 1928, LOOKING NW. Photograph by Fredrica Drotos and Michael Kelly, July 9, 2006 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

DETAIL VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING WAY. SEEN FROM EAST SIDE OF CIRCLE LOOKING NORTH AT 2395 PIEDMONT, SIGMA PI HOUSE BY FREDERICK H. REIMERS, 1928. Photograph by Brian Grogan, July 8, 2007 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

What's in a Name? For A Million Bucks or So, You can Name that School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altbach, Philip G.

2006-01-01

Although "naming rights" have proliferated in American higher education for the past several decades, the phenomenon has recently expanded to extraordinary lengths. In this area, academe fits right in with the larger culture, which has named everything from AutoZone Park to Gillette Stadium to the children's wing of your local hospital. Anything…

27 CFR 31.83 - Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Ball park, race track, etc... to Registration Sales in Two Or More Areas on the Same Premises § 31.83 Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises. The proprietor of a ball park, race track, stadium, pavilion, or other...

27 CFR 31.83 - Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Ball park, race track, etc... to Registration Sales in Two Or More Areas on the Same Premises § 31.83 Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises. The proprietor of a ball park, race track, stadium, pavilion, or other...

27 CFR 31.83 - Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ball park, race track, etc... to Registration Sales in Two Or More Areas on the Same Premises § 31.83 Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises. The proprietor of a ball park, race track, stadium, pavilion, or other...

27 CFR 31.83 - Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Ball park, race track, etc... to Registration Sales in Two Or More Areas on the Same Premises § 31.83 Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises. The proprietor of a ball park, race track, stadium, pavilion, or other...

27 CFR 31.83 - Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Ball park, race track, etc... to Registration Sales in Two Or More Areas on the Same Premises § 31.83 Ball park, race track, etc.; sales throughout the premises. The proprietor of a ball park, race track, stadium, pavilion, or other...

Curbing Alcohol-Related Problems at College Sports Events. E-Fact Sheet

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higher Education Center for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse and Violence Prevention, 2009

2009-01-01

The athletics season at colleges and universities is well under way, with college football games drawing millions of spectators. For example, Clemson University, with an enrollment of 17,000 students, is located in Clemson, S.C., with a population of approximately 12,000. But Clemson Memorial Stadium, which can seat more than 80,000 football fans,…

About influence of input rate random part of nonstationary queue system on statistical estimates of its macroscopic indicators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korelin, Ivan A.; Porshnev, Sergey V.

2018-05-01

A model of the non-stationary queuing system (NQS) is described. The input of this model receives a flow of requests with input rate λ = λdet (t) + λrnd (t), where λdet (t) is a deterministic function depending on time; λrnd (t) is a random function. The parameters of functions λdet (t), λrnd (t) were identified on the basis of statistical information on visitor flows collected from various Russian football stadiums. The statistical modeling of NQS is carried out and the average statistical dependences are obtained: the length of the queue of requests waiting for service, the average wait time for the service, the number of visitors entered to the stadium on the time. It is shown that these dependencies can be characterized by the following parameters: the number of visitors who entered at the time of the match; time required to service all incoming visitors; the maximum value; the argument value when the studied dependence reaches its maximum value. The dependences of these parameters on the energy ratio of the deterministic and random component of the input rate are investigated.

Excretion/defecation patterns in Triatoma infestans populations that are, respectively, susceptible and resistant to deltamethrin.

PubMed

Lobbia, P; Calcagno, J; Mougabure-Cueto, G

2018-02-12

Pyrethroid resistance has been detected in Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) specimens from different areas of Argentina and Bolivia. Genes conferring resistance can have a pleiotropic effect with epidemiological and evolutionary consequences. This research studied excretion/defecation patterns in deltamethrin-resistant T. infestans in order to elucidate its biological performance, adaptive consequences and role in the transmission of Chagas' disease. One deltamethrin-susceptible strain and two deltamethrin-resistant strains were used. Fifth-instar nymphs were fed ad libitum and their defecations recorded during and after the first or second feeding in the stadium. Resistant insects began to defecate later, defecated less, showed a lower proportion of defecating individuals and lower defecation indices compared with susceptible insects during the first hour after feeding. The number of bloodmeals in the stadium did not affect the main variables determining the pattern of defecation. The present study suggests that alterations in the excretion/defecation pattern in resistant insects entail an adaptive cost and, considering only this pattern, determine a lower capacity for transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) compared with susceptible insects. © 2018 The Royal Entomological Society.

Chesapeake Bay, New England

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-30

STS068-234-044 (30 September-11 October 1994) --- From the wetlands in Maryland to the nation's capital and onto Baltimore, this 70mm photograph from the Space Shuttle Endeavour shows some details of the historic Chesapeake Bay and Potomac River area. With the rather low altitude of Endeavour at 115 nautical miles, features as small as Kennedy Memorial Stadium and Andrews Air Force Base are clearly seen.

Preparing for the Worst-Case Scenario--Planning Pays Off with First-Ever Stadium Evacuation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradley, Carol C.

2012-01-01

It's Saturday, September 3, Notre Dame vs. South Florida--the first home game of the season--and nearing halftime. The only person feeling more pressure than Head Coach Brian Kelly is Mike Seamon, associate vice president for campus safety and director of game day operations. Bad weather is on the way, and he's about to make the call to evacuate…

Terrorism Risk Modeling for Intelligence Analysis and Infrastructure Protection

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

comparatively high risk of CBRN attacks. Estimates of sabotage risk are highly dependent on proximity of nuclear power plants , chemical plants , or oil...and casinos, airports, nuclear power plants 3 Military, train and subway stations, stadiums, bridges and tunnels 4 Industrial facilities, oil and...airspace zones 8 Power plants , dams, railway networks levels. Collecting and incorporating such data for specific localities or industry sectors would

Houston, TX, USA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Most of the greater metropolitan Houston, TX (30.0N, 95.0W) region is captured in this single photograph. The continuing progress of construction of the outer beltway system enveloping the majority of the city is very evident. The downtown business district including the new George R. Brown Convention Center, the Astrodome Stadium, Intercontinental Airport and Hobby International Airport as well as Johnson Space Center are all easily seen.

CBP Toolbox Version 3.0 “Beta Testing” Performance Evaluation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, III, F. G.

2016-07-29

One function of the Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) is to assess available models of cement degradation and to assemble suitable models into a “Toolbox” that would be made available to members of the partnership, as well as the DOE Complex. To this end, SRNL and Vanderbilt University collaborated to develop an interface using the GoldSim software to the STADIUM @ code developed by SIMCO Technologies, Inc. and LeachXS/ORCHESTRA developed by Energy research Centre of the Netherlands (ECN). Release of Version 3.0 of the CBP Toolbox is planned in the near future. As a part of this release, an increased levelmore » of quality assurance for the partner codes and the GoldSim interface has been developed. This report documents results from evaluation testing of the ability of CBP Toolbox 3.0 to perform simulations of concrete degradation applicable to performance assessment of waste disposal facilities. Simulations of the behavior of Savannah River Saltstone Vault 2 and Vault 1/4 concrete subject to sulfate attack and carbonation over a 500- to 1000-year time period were run using a new and upgraded version of the STADIUM @ code and the version of LeachXS/ORCHESTRA released in Version 2.0 of the CBP Toolbox. Running both codes allowed comparison of results from two models which take very different approaches to simulating cement degradation. In addition, simulations of chloride attack on the two concretes were made using the STADIUM @ code. The evaluation sought to demonstrate that: 1) the codes are capable of running extended realistic simulations in a reasonable amount of time; 2) the codes produce “reasonable” results; the code developers have provided validation test results as part of their code QA documentation; and 3) the two codes produce results that are consistent with one another. Results of the evaluation testing showed that the three criteria listed above were met by the CBP partner codes. Therefore, it is concluded that the codes can be used to support performance assessment. This conclusion takes into account the QA documentation produced for the partner codes and for the CBP Toolbox.« less

Experimental investigation of linear and nonlinear wave systems: A quantum chaos approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neicu, Toni

2002-09-01

An experimental and numerical study of linear and nonlinear wave systems using methods and ideas developed from quantum chaos is presented. We exploit the analogy of the wave equation for the flexural modes of a thin clover-shaped acoustic plate to the stationary solutions of the Schrodinger wave equation for a quantum clover-shaped billiard, a generic system that has regular and chaotic regions in its phase space. We observed periodic orbits in the spectral properties of the acoustic plate, the first such definitive acoustic experiment. We also solved numerically the linear wave equation of the acoustic plate for the first few hundred eigenmodes. The Fourier transform of the eigenvalues show peaks corresponding to the principal periodic orbits of the classical billiard. The signatures of the periodic orbits in the spectra were unambiguously verified by deforming one edge of the plate and observing that only the peaks corresponding to the orbits that hit this edge changed. The statistical measures of the eigenvalues are intermediate between universal forms for completely integrable and chaotic systems. The density distribution of the eigenfunctions agrees with the Porter-Thomas formula of chaotic systems. The viscosity dependence and effects of nonlinearity on the Faraday surface wave patterns in a stadium geometry were also investigated. The ray dynamics inside the stadium, a paradigm of quantum chaos, is completely chaotic. The majority of the observed patterns of the orbits resemble three eigenstates of the stadium: the bouncing ball, longitudinal, and bowtie patterns. We observed many disordered patterns that increase with the viscosity. The experimental results were analyzed using recent theoretical work that explains the suppression of certain modes. The theory also predicts that the perimeter dissipation is too strong for whispering gallery modes, which contradicts our observations of these modes for a fluid with low viscosity. Novel vortex patterns were observed in a strongly nonlinear, dissipative granular system of vertically vibrated rods. Above a critical packing fraction, moving domains of nearly vertical rods were seen to coexist with horizontal rods. The vertical domains coarsen to form several large vortices, which were driven by the anisotropy and inclination of the rods.

Rising Sun Over Africa: Japan’s New Frontier for Military Normalization

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

Party MLIT Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism MOD Ministry of Defense MOFA Ministry of Foreign Affairs MSDF Maritime Self...primary go-between, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport, and Tourism (MLIT).100 Even shortly after the passing of Japan’s Anti-Piracy Law...construction of its presidential palace, its main administration building, a national war memorial, a stadium, and two sports complexes. More

PART 2 OF 2 PART PANORAMA WITH NO. CA212 VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PART 2 OF 2 PART PANORAMA WITH NO. CA-2-12 VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING WAY WITH 2395 PIEDMONT, SIGMA PI HOUSE BY FREDERICK H. REIMERS, 1928. SEEN FROM SE CORNER LOOKING NW. Photograph by Brian Grogan, July 8, 2007 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, March 27, 1942 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 5, view of stadium upstream from point bridge - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, August 22, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view upstream from point stadium - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Public Health, Safety, and Security for Mass Gatherings

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

National youth organizations,12 music festivals,13 and sporting events such as those hosted by NASCAR, the NCAA,14 the National Basketball Association... NBA ), Major League Baseball (MLB), and the National Football League (NFL)15 (aside from those Super Bowl events that have been declared NSSEs...credible threat of a terror attack aimed at college basketball arenas or other sports stadiums, but acknowledged alerting law enforcement to a

Securing General Aviation

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-24

operations of large corporate jets and professionally managed fractional-ownership fleets — makes up about one- quarter of all GA operations and... 2018 , it is expected that there will be about 18,000 GA turbojets in service in the United States, compared to an estimate of slightly more than 10,000...spray a chemical blister agent into a packed college football stadium CRS-17 43 White House Homeland Security Council, David Howe, Senior Director for

Unilateral vs. Multilateral Engagement: A Scenario-Based Approach to Guiding America’s Future Foreign Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

weeks later when another Cessna packed with the same explosive payload plowed into a football stadium hosting the Super Bowl. The two attacks took the...In 2018 , these confrontations reached a pinnacle when Beijing substantiated a decade of rhetoric and military posturing by staging a surprise...leadership in international affairs focused on bolstering multilateral institutions capable of reforming global governance and managing key

Background Knowledge in Learning-Based Relation Extraction

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

appear in close proximity with other terms (e.g. Israeli tennis player Dudi Sela and Swiss tennis champion Roger Federrer rarely appear together in...songwriter, stadium, star, superhero, tennis player , theatre, university, water, 99 Appendix B Taxonomic Relational Constraints In this appendix, we present...patient and supportive even when I was in long procrastinations. And of course, Dan has put huge influence on the improvement of my English skills. I

Modelling Psychological Needs for User-dependent Contextual Suggestion

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

neighborhood, night club, park, place of worship, restaurant, RV park, shopping mall, stadium, synagogue, university and zoo . The search ra- dius is set...them do not differ much from each other. For example, the desired description texts for zoos and aquariums may not differ signif- icantly, and similarly...district, place of worship, library as another group, and park, zoo , aquarium, natural reserve as yet another group. We have manually dis- tributed

Football match spectator sound exposure and effect on hearing: a pretest-post-test study.

PubMed

Swanepoel, De Wet; Hall, James W

2010-03-30

To determine (i) noise exposure levels of spectators at a FIFA 2010 designated training stadium during a premier soccer league match; and (ii) changes in auditory functioning after the match. This was a one-group pretest-post-test design of football spectators attending a premier soccer league match at a designated FIFA 2010 training stadium in Gauteng, South Africa. Individual spectator noise exposure for the duration of the football match and post-match changes in hearing thresholds were measured with pure-tone audiometry, and cochlear functioning was measured with distortion product oto-acoustic emissions (DPOAEs). The average sound exposure level during the match was 100.5 LAeq (dBA), with peak intensities averaging 140.4 dB(C). A significant (p=0.005) deterioration of post-match hearing thresholds was evident at 2 000 Hz, and post-match DPOAE amplitudes were significantly reduced at 1,266, 3,163 and 5,063 Hz (p=0.011, 0.019, 0.013, respectively). Exposure levels exceeded limits of permissible average and peak sound levels. Significant changes in post-match hearing thresholds and cochlear responsiveness highlight the possible risk for noise-induced hearing loss. Public awareness and personal hearing protection should be prioritized as preventive measures.

Understanding the etiology of the posteromedial tibial stress fracture.

PubMed

Milgrom, Charles; Burr, David B; Finestone, Aharon S; Voloshin, Arkady

2015-09-01

Previous human in vivo tibial strain measurements from surface strain gauges during vigorous activities were found to be below the threshold value of repetitive cyclical loading at 2500 microstrain in tension necessary to reduce the fatigue life of bone, based on ex vivo studies. Therefore it has been hypothesized that an intermediate bone remodeling response might play a role in the development of tibial stress fractures. In young adults tibial stress fractures are usually oblique, suggesting that they are the result of failure under shear strain. Strains were measured using surface mounted unstacked 45° rosette strain gauges on the posterior aspect of the flat medial cortex just below the tibial midshaft, in a 48year old male subject while performing vertical jumps, staircase jumps and running up and down stadium stairs. Shear strains approaching 5000 microstrain were recorded during stair jumping and vertical standing jumps. Shear strains above 1250 microstrain were recorded during runs up and down stadium steps. Based on predictions from ex vivo studies, stair and vertical jumping tibial shear strain in the test subject was high enough to potentially produce tibial stress fracture subsequent to repetitive cyclic loading without necessarily requiring an intermediate remodeling response to microdamage. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Infrared remote sensing of hazardous vapours: surveillance of public areas during the FIFA Football World Cup 2006

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harig, Roland; Matz, Gerhard; Rusch, Peter; Gerhard, Hans-Hennig; Gerhard, Jörn-Hinnrich; Schlabs, Volker

2007-04-01

The German ministry of the interior, represented by the civil defence agency BBK, established analytical task forces for the analysis of released chemicals in the case of fires, chemical accidents, terrorist attacks, or war. One of the first assignments of the task forces was the provision of analytical services during the football world cup 2006. One part of the equipment of these emergency response forces is a remote sensing system that allows identification and visualisation of hazardous clouds from long distances, the scanning infrared gas imaging system SIGIS 2. The system is based on an interferometer with a single detector element in combination with a telescope and a synchronised scanning mirror. The system allows 360° surveillance. The system is equipped with a video camera and the results of the analyses of the spectra are displayed by an overlay of a false colour image on the video image. This allows a simple evaluation of the position and the size of a cloud. The system was deployed for surveillance of stadiums and public viewing areas, where large crowds watched the games. Although no intentional or accidental releases of hazardous gases occurred in the stadiums and in the public viewing areas, the systems identified and located various foreign gases in the air.

Effect of crowd size on patient volume at a large, multipurpose, indoor stadium.

PubMed

De Lorenzo, R A; Gray, B C; Bennett, P C; Lamparella, V J

1989-01-01

A prediction of patient volume expected at "mass gatherings" is desirable in order to provide optimal on-site emergency medical care. While several methods of predicting patient loads have been suggested, a reliable technique has not been established. This study examines the frequency of medical emergencies at the Syracuse University Carrier Dome, a 50,500-seat indoor stadium. Patient volume and level of care at collegiate basketball and football games as well as rock concerts, over a 7-year period were examined and tabulated. This information was analyzed using simple regression and nonparametric statistical methods to determine level of correlation between crowd size and patient volume. These analyses demonstrated no statistically significant increase in patient volume for increasing crowd size for basketball and football events. There was a small but statistically significant increase in patient volume for increasing crowd size for concerts. A comparison of similar crowd size for each of the three events showed that patient frequency is greatest for concerts and smallest for basketball. The study suggests that crowd size alone has only a minor influence on patient volume at any given event. Structuring medical services based solely on expected crowd size and not considering other influences such as event type and duration may give poor results.

Night View of Sochi During Olympics

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-02-12

ISS038-E-042992 (10 Feb. 2014) --- One of the Expedition 38 crew members aboard the International Space Station downlinked this vertical 600mm night view of Sochi, Russia, which clearly shows the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics while they are just a few days under way. Fisht Stadium where the Opening Ceremonies were held on Feb. 7 is easily recognizable as the bright circular structure. Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia. It has an area of 1,353 square miles or 3,505 square kilometers. Photo credit: NASA ISS038-E-042992 (10 Feb. 2014) --- One of the Expedition 38 crew members aboard the International Space Station downlinked this vertical 600mm night view of Sochi, Russia, which clearly shows the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics while they are just a few days under way. Fisht Stadium where the Opening Ceremonies were held on Feb. 7 is easily recognizable as the bright circular structure. Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia. It has an area of 1,353 square miles or 3,505 square kilometers. Photo credit: NASA

Opportunistic infection manifestation of HIV-AIDS patients in Airlangga university hospital Surabaya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asmarawati, T. P.; Putranti, A.; Rachman, B. E.; Hadi, U.; Nasronudin

2018-03-01

Opportunistic infections are common in HIV-infected patients especially those who progress to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. There are many factors involved in the prevalence of opportunistic infections. We investigated the patterns of opportunistic infection in HIV-infected patients admitted to Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya. This study was an observational study, conducted in adults patients with HIV infection from January 2016 to September 2017. Data collected from the medical records of the patients. The number of samples in this study was 58. The mean age was 42.9 years, mostly male. Most patients admitted were in clinical stadium III or IV. Heterosexual transmission is a common risk factor in patients. The most prevalent opportunistic infections found in patients were oral candidiasis (58.6%), followed by pulmonary tuberculosis (41.4%) and pneumonia/PCP (41.4%). Other infections found were toxoplasmosis, chronic diarrhea, cytomegalovirus, meningitis TB, hepatitis C, amoebiasis, and cerebritis. Opportunistic infections occurred more often in age≥40 years and increased as clinical stadium get worse. From the results, we conclude that oral candidiasis and pulmonary tuberculosis were the most common opportunistic infections found in Airlangga University Hospital. The pattern of opportunistic infections in this study could help the hospital to set priorities related to the management of patients.

East Europe Report: Political, Sociological and Military Affairs, No. 2194

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-07

dropping its grey veil. A sparkling starry sky and pale moonlight promise a cold night. With their weapons at the ready, concealed by tree trunks...that the realization and preparation of films on contemporary themes is occasionally more difficult than that of films examining other times. It was...Sports Hall, the Round Hall, and :the National Stadium./ Photographic, industrial, folklore and fine artists, and film and theater studios can show

Breaking the Mold: Tanks in the Cities

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

Palestinian fighters planned to concentrate on protecting the PLO headquarters and the three refugee camps of Sabra, Shatilla, and Burj al ...cover the camps, which were located on more Map 18. Beirut, 1982. 2 Miles Scale Airport Presidential PalaceG re en Li ne Port Burj al - Barajinah PLO HQ...Attack into Beirut, 1982. 2 Miles Scale Airport Presidential PalaceG re en Li ne Port Burj al - Barajinah PLO HQ University Stadium Shatilla Sabra East

Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP): Training and Release of CBP Toolbox Software, Version 1.0 - 13480

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, K.G.; Kosson, D.S.; Garrabrants, A.C.

2013-07-01

The Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) Project is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional collaboration supported by the Office of Tank Waste Management within the Office of Environmental Management of U.S. Department of Energy (US DOE). The CBP program has developed a set of integrated tools (based on state-of-the-art models and leaching test methods) that improve understanding and predictions of the long-term hydraulic and chemical performance of cementitious barriers used in nuclear applications. Tools selected for and developed under this program are intended to evaluate and predict the behavior of cementitious barriers used in near-surface engineered waste disposal systems for periods of performance upmore » to or longer than 100 years for operating facilities and longer than 1,000 years for waste management purposes. CBP software tools were made available to selected DOE Office of Environmental Management and field site users for training and evaluation based on a set of important degradation scenarios, including sulfate ingress/attack and carbonation of cementitious materials. The tools were presented at two-day training workshops held at U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Savannah River, and Hanford included LeachXS{sup TM}/ORCHESTRA, STADIUM{sup R}, and a CBP-developed GoldSim Dashboard interface. Collectively, these components form the CBP Software Toolbox. The new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency leaching test methods based on the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF) were also presented. The CBP Dashboard uses a custom Dynamic-link library developed by CBP to couple to the LeachXS{sup TM}/ORCHESTRA and STADIUM{sup R} codes to simulate reactive transport and degradation in cementitious materials for selected performance assessment scenarios. The first day of the workshop introduced participants to the software components via presentation materials, and the second day included hands-on tutorial exercises followed by discussions of enhancements desired by participants. Tools were revised based on feedback obtained during the workshops held from April through June 2012. The resulting improved CBP Software Toolbox, including evaluation versions of and LeachXS{sup TM}/ORCHESTRA and STADIUM{sup R} has been made available to workshop and selected other participants for further assessment. Inquiries about future workshops and requests for access to the Toolbox software can be made via the CBP web site [1]. (authors)« less

[Fatal incidents by crowd crush during mass events. (Un)preventable phenomenon?].

PubMed

Wagner, U; Fälker, A; Wenzel, V

2013-01-01

Crowd crushes with dozens or even hundreds of casualties have occurred several times at the Hajj in Saudi Arabia and also in soccer stadiums in Western Europe. As fatal accidents after human stampedes during mass events occur very rarely and are usually accompanied by many years of criminal court proceedings in order to identify underlying responsible mechanisms and culprits, it is very difficult to draw conclusions and formulate precautions from an emergency medical point of view. This study analyzed a fatal crowd crush which occurred on 4 December 1999 following the "Air & Style" snowboard contest with approximately 22,000 people attending in the Bergisel stadium in Innsbruck, Austria. Firstly, focused interviews were conducted with professional rescuers, police and physicians and secondly publicly available court records dealing with this incident in the district court of Innsbruck, Austria were analyzed. During the snowboard contest 87 emergency medical technicians, 6 emergency physicians, 1 leading emergency physician, 21 policemen and 140 security personnel were present. Following the accident additionally some 100 emergency medical technicians, 36 emergency medical service vehicles and 4 physician-staffed emergency medical service vehicles responded to the scene. The deadly crowd crush resulting in 6 fatalities, 4 patients still in a vegetative state and 38 injured, was due to a severe crowd accumulation at one stadium exit, which was not recognized and dispersed in time. Construction of the exit in line with darkness, steep slope and slippery surface contributed adversely to this dangerous situation, although panic did not occur at any time. Unfortunately, there is no patent remedy to completely prevent fatal accidents by a crowd crush at mass events. If planning is initiated early, sufficient material and personnel reserves are kept in reserve and despite conflicting interests of the organizers, the host community, security, police and emergency medical services, a joint concept is designed and followed, the risk of a severe incident can be kept to a minimum. Each involved party including the spectators have to be aware of their responsibility in order to contribute to the success and safety of the mass event. A comprehensive and critical review of all facts and implementation of conclusions implies a time and financial burden but has a positive impact on the success and safety of mass events.

On Celestial Wings,

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-11-01

naval attach6 in Washington, D.C., and had regularly attended American 22 DEATH ON A BRIGHT SUNDAY MORNING League baseball games at Griffith Stadium in...Army Air Corps, ordered a study of the defenses of Oahu, the Hawaiian Island occupied by Pearl Harbor and the all important Hickam Field. The report...entanglement wiping out the landing gear. I opened the bottom hatch and ran in case the plane caught fire. The pilot’s only comment was, "Well, I brought you a

JPRS Report, East Asia, Southeast Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-26

and its courts. On 24 April, a People’s Tribunal was set up by the Cordillera Bodong Association at the St. Vincent Parish Stadium in Baguio City...consensus- building indigenous judicial system and process widely respected and held in practice in the tribal Cordilleras . It is also based on the...various member-tribes of the CBA and who have the prestige of holding the Cordillera -wide peace-pact that governs the laws and conduct of the tribal

A Spatial and Temporal Characterization of the Background Neutron Environment at the Navy and Marine Corps Memorial Stadium

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-01

developing informed survey protocols. Experimental Method The neutron detector used in this research was the Large Neutron Sensor (LNS), containing...are useful in planning, conducting, and assessing the utility and limitations of radiation surveys using current state-of-the-art portable or...34,000. In a security environment, where large public venues may be a target for terrorist activity, the ability to survey venues for radio- logical

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Photographic copy of historic photograph, by Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, September 4, 1940 (original in possession of Corps of Engineers, U.S. Army, Pittsburgh District, Engineering Division files) Unit 4, view of water line construction upstream at Walnut Street Bridgeupstream from point stadium - Johnstown Local Flood Protection Project, Beginning on Conemaugh River approx 3.8 miles downstream from confluence of Little Conemaugh & Stony Creek Rivers at Johnstown, Johnstown, Cambria County, PA

Translations on North Korea, Number 607

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-04

in producing many more consumer goods of much better quality. Youth in scientific, educational, literary and artistic circles as well must achieve a...SINMUN in Korean 1 May 78 p 3] MASS GYMNASTIC DISPLAY FOR BOKASSA—The following were seated with Kim Il-song on the viewing platform at the mass... gymnastic display "Song of Korea," which was performed on 1 May at Moranbong Stadium in honor of the visiting Emperor Bokassa I of the Central African

PART 1 OF 2 PART PANORAMA WITH NO. CA213 VIEW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PART 1 OF 2 PART PANORAMA WITH NO. CA-2-13 VIEW OF PIEDMONT AVENUE TRAFFIC CIRCLE AT INTERSECTION OF CHANNING WAY WITH VIW AT REAR OF ALPHA SIGMA PHI HOUSE BY WILLIAM C. HAYS, 1920, AT 2739 CHANNING. SEEN FROM SE CORNER LOOKING WEST. Photograph by Brian Grogan, July 8, 2007 - Piedmont Way & the Berkeley Property Tract, East of College Avenue between Dwight Way & U.C. Memorial Stadium, Berkeley, Alameda County, CA

A New Look for the Shopping Mall

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

STRUCTO-FAB, a product of Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corporation, is a lightweight but extremely durable tent-like material made of Fiberglas coated with Teflon. It transmits daylight with a reduced need for artificial lighting. It is an outgrowth of a material formulated by NASA in 1967 as a new space suit fabric. Owens-Corning and DuPont provided the original material, which was the basis for Structo-Fab, a permanent architectural fabric used for shopping malls, sports stadiums, etc.

Fitness and food environments around junior high schools in Taiwan and their association with body composition: Gender differences for recreational, reading, food and beverage exposures.

PubMed

Chiang, Po-Huang; Huang, Lin-Yuan; Lee, Meei-Shyuan; Tsou, Hui-Chen; Wahlqvist, Mark L

2017-01-01

School environments may contribute to adolescent behavior, reproductive physiology and body composition (BC). The Nutritional and Health Survey in Taiwan (2010) for 1458 junior high school students was geo-mapped for 30 school environs. Facilities for physical activity (fitness centers, gymnasia and sports stadiums, activity centers and parks), sedentary activities (reading material rental shops (RMRS), internet cafes) and food and beverage outlets (FBOs) were calculated as weighted numbers within 1000m of schools. Multiple linear regressions were used to predict BC variable z-scores. For boys, higher fitness center densities and, for girls, gymnasia and sports stadiums were associated with less abdominal fatness. For girls, body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were greater when RMRS density was higher as was TSF with internet café density. Where there were no FBOs, boys' WC and TSF were less with more parks, but girls were shorter and WC more adverse. With greater RMRS density and no FBOs, girls still had increased WC/Hip ratio, and less mid-arm muscle circumference. Boys' findings were more evident after considering puberty. Physical activity facilities (differently by gender), food and beverage outlets absence for boys and low reading material rental shop density for girls increase the likelihood of healthier body composition.

Functional rehabilitation in advanced intraoral cancer.

PubMed

Barret, Juan P; Roodenburg, Jan L

2017-02-01

Modern treatment of advanced intraoral cancer involves multidisciplinary teams with use of complicated reconstructive techniques to provide improved survival with optimal rehabilitation. Mastication is an important part of this process, and it can be severely impaired by tumor ablation. Whether flap reconstruction is a determinant factor in dental rehabilitation is still in debate. Thirty-five patients with advanced intraoral cancer were reviewed to determine dental rehabilitation of different reconstructive techniques. The patients were treated with a multidisciplinary team approach. The patients' demographics, primary treatment, reconstructive surgery, dental rehabilitation, and functional outcome were recorded and analyzed. Nine patients had Stadium III disease, and 26 patients had stadium IV. Thirty-two patients (91.42%) received postoperative radiotherapy. Masticatory and dental functional rehabilitation of patients was very poor. Only 15 patients (42.86%) could eat a normal diet, whereas 18 patients (51.42%) could manage only soft diets, and 2 patients (5.72%) could only be fed with a liquid diet. Denture rehabilitation was even more frustrating and had a direct impact on masticatory rehabilitation. Only 10 patients (28.57%) could use dentures postoperatively and 40% of patients (14 patients) could not use any denture at all. Above all reconstructive techniques, the free radial forearm flap provides the best functional outcome. Reconstruction of advanced intraoral cancer results in poor denture rehabilitation, especially when bulky flaps are used. If massive resections are necessary, the free radial forearm flap reconstruction provides the best functional outcome.

Fitness and food environments around junior high schools in Taiwan and their association with body composition: Gender differences for recreational, reading, food and beverage exposures

PubMed Central

Chiang, Po-Huang; Huang, Lin-Yuan; Lee, Meei-Shyuan; Tsou, Hui-Chen

2017-01-01

School environments may contribute to adolescent behavior, reproductive physiology and body composition (BC). The Nutritional and Health Survey in Taiwan (2010) for 1458 junior high school students was geo-mapped for 30 school environs. Facilities for physical activity (fitness centers, gymnasia and sports stadiums, activity centers and parks), sedentary activities (reading material rental shops (RMRS), internet cafes) and food and beverage outlets (FBOs) were calculated as weighted numbers within 1000m of schools. Multiple linear regressions were used to predict BC variable z-scores. For boys, higher fitness center densities and, for girls, gymnasia and sports stadiums were associated with less abdominal fatness. For girls, body mass index, waist circumference (WC) and triceps skinfold thickness (TSF) were greater when RMRS density was higher as was TSF with internet café density. Where there were no FBOs, boys’ WC and TSF were less with more parks, but girls were shorter and WC more adverse. With greater RMRS density and no FBOs, girls still had increased WC/Hip ratio, and less mid-arm muscle circumference. Boys’ findings were more evident after considering puberty. Physical activity facilities (differently by gender), food and beverage outlets absence for boys and low reading material rental shop density for girls increase the likelihood of healthier body composition. PMID:28771561

Causes and implications of the growing divergence between climate model simulations and observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Curry, Judith

2014-03-01

For the past 15+ years, there has been no increase in global average surface temperature, which has been referred to as a 'hiatus' in global warming. By contrast, estimates of expected warming in the first several decades of 21st century made by the IPCC AR4 were 0.2C/decade. This talk summarizes the recent CMIP5 climate model simulation results and comparisons with observational data. The most recent climate model simulations used in the AR5 indicate that the warming stagnation since 1998 is no longer consistent with model projections even at the 2% confidence level. Potential causes for the model-observation discrepancies are discussed. A particular focus of the talk is the role of multi-decadal natural internal variability on the climate variability of the 20th and early 21st centuries. The ``stadium wave'' climate signal is described, which propagates across the Northern Hemisphere through a network of ocean, ice, and atmospheric circulation regimes that self-organize into a collective tempo. The stadium wave hypothesis provides a plausible explanation for the hiatus in warming and helps explain why climate models did not predict this hiatus. Further, the new hypothesis suggests how long the hiatus might last. Implications of the hiatus are discussed in context of climate model sensitivity to CO2 forcing and attribution of the warming that was observed in the last quarter of the 20th century.

The World Football League Plays Ethnopolis United. The Problems of Asymmetry and Interoperability in Future War

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-22

TOM SMITH FACULTY SEMINAR LEADER DR BOB MCDONALD , FACULTY ADVISOR Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden...team, provided the cash to pay the huge costs of 3 salaries and equipment, and enjoyed baskmg m the glory of Its vrctones The fans liked wmners, and...before rt had started The WFL would took the field wrth little spectator support, wlnle fanatical Ethno supporters filled the stadium and crowded the

The Use of the Air Arm During Operation Change of Direction

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

football stadium.56 Aircraft of the IAF for the first time raid targets in the predominantly Christian area to the north of Beirut. These attacks are...launching capa- bility, the organisation managed to fire a large number of Katyusha missiles from the border area into Israel on a daily basis. Of the...caused by budgetary restrictions. In its turn, Hezbollah was very much aware of the capability of the GSS and managed to keep strict secrecy by hiding

Tensile Fabrics Enhance Architecture Around the World

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

Using a remarkable fabric originally developed to protect Apollo astronauts, Birdair Inc. of Amherst, New York, has crafted highly durable, safe, environmentally friendly, and architecturally stunning tensile membrane roofs for over 900 landmark structures around the world. Travelers in airports, sports fans at stadiums, and shoppers in malls have all experienced the benefits of the Teflon-coated fiberglass fabric that has enabled Birdair to grow from a small company established in its founder?s kitchen in 1955 to a multimillion-dollar specialty contractor today.

Functional rehabilitation in advanced intraoral cancer

PubMed Central

Roodenburg, Jan L.

2017-01-01

Introduction: Modern treatment of advanced intraoral cancer involves multidisciplinary teams with use of complicated reconstructive techniques to provide improved survival with optimal rehabilitation. Mastication is an important part of this process, and it can be severely impaired by tumor ablation. Whether flap reconstruction is a determinant factor in dental rehabilitation is still in debate. Patients and methods: Thirty-five patients with advanced intraoral cancer were reviewed to determine dental rehabilitation of different reconstructive techniques. The patients were treated with a multidisciplinary team approach. The patients’ demographics, primary treatment, reconstructive surgery, dental rehabilitation, and functional outcome were recorded and analyzed. Results: Nine patients had Stadium III disease, and 26 patients had stadium IV. Thirty-two patients (91.42%) received postoperative radiotherapy. Masticatory and dental functional rehabilitation of patients was very poor. Only 15 patients (42.86%) could eat a normal diet, whereas 18 patients (51.42%) could manage only soft diets, and 2 patients (5.72%) could only be fed with a liquid diet. Denture rehabilitation was even more frustrating and had a direct impact on masticatory rehabilitation. Only 10 patients (28.57%) could use dentures postoperatively and 40% of patients (14 patients) could not use any denture at all. Above all reconstructive techniques, the free radial forearm flap provides the best functional outcome. Conclusions: Reconstruction of advanced intraoral cancer results in poor denture rehabilitation, especially when bulky flaps are used. If massive resections are necessary, the free radial forearm flap reconstruction provides the best functional outcome. PMID:29177211

Site recycling: From Brownfield to football field

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, C.; Haas, W.L.

The Carolina Panther`s new home, Carolinas Stadium, will be impressive. It will include a 75,000-seat stadium, about 2,000 parking spaces, and a practice facility equipped with three full-sized football fields, all located on 30 acres bordering the central business district of Charlotte, NC. Fans of the NFL expansion team may never know that, until recently, 13 of those 30 acres were a former state Superfund site contaminated by a commercial scrapyard that had operated from the early 1930s to 1983. The salvage of nonferrous metals from lead-acid batteries, copper from transformers and other electrical equipment, and ferrous metal scrap frommore » junk automobiles at the Smith Metal and Iron (SMI) site had left a complex contamination legacy. The soil contained lead, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), lesser amounts of semivolatiles (polyaromatic hydrocarbons, or PAHs), and volatile organic compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons. The site had remained dormant, like many former industrial sites that have come be called {open_quotes}brownfields,{close_quotes} for nearly a decade when in 1993, Charlotte was selected as the future home of the Carolina Panthers, a National Football League expansion team. The city was able to attract the team in part by offering to redevelop the site, a prime location adjacent to the downtown area. An eight-month-long site remediation effort by HDR Engineering Inc. was completed March 31, on schedule for a June 1996 unveiling of the team`s new facility.« less

Latin American Cultural Resiliency to External Foreign Policy: Strategic Implications for the United States as China Extends Into Latin America

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-04

that is most lacking— culture. He said, “(t)he two sides should expand exchanges in the fields of culture, education, sport , media, and tourism , to...2007 switch in recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the PRC rewarded Costa Rica with a “new $90 million sports stadium and purchas(ed) $300 million of...and tourism .”18 Shortly thereafter, the Mexican government announced that CRCC would be compensated $1.3 million.19 Whether Mexico did this to

Latin American Cultural Resiliency to External Foreign Policy: Strategic Implications for the United States as China Extends into Latin America

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-04

that is most lacking— culture. He said, “(t)he two sides should expand exchanges in the fields of culture, education, sport , media, and tourism , to...2007 switch in recognition from Taipei to Beijing, the PRC rewarded Costa Rica with a “new $90 million sports stadium and purchas(ed) $300 million of...and tourism .”18 Shortly thereafter, the Mexican government announced that CRCC would be compensated $1.3 million.19 Whether Mexico did this to

Opto-electronic oscillator: moving toward solutions based on polymer materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nguyên, Lâm Duy; Journet, Bernard; Zyss, Joseph

2008-02-01

Optoelectronic oscillators have been studied since many years now, their high spectral purity being one of their most interesting quality for photonics signal processing, communication or radio over fiber systems. One part of the structure is a long fiber optic feedback loop acting as a delay line. Different techniques have been introduced such as multiple loops in order to get very narrow spectral lines and large mode spacing. One of the problems due to long fiber loops is the size and the requirement of temperature control. In order to go toward integrated solutions it is also possible to introduce optical resonators instead of a delay line structure (as for classical electronic oscillators). But such resonators should present very high quality factor. In this paper we demonstrate solutions using resonators based on polymer materials such as PMMA-DCM. Structures such as micro-rings, micro-disks or stadium-shaped resonator have been realized at the laboratory. Quality factor of 6000 have already been achieved leading to an equivalent fiber loop of 19 m for an oscillator at 10 GHz. But it has been already theoretically proved that quality factor greater than one thousand hundred could be obtained. These resonators can be directly implemented with Mach-Zehnder optical modulators based on electro-optic polymer such as PMMA-DR1 leading to integrated solutions. And in the future it should be also possible to add a laser made with polymer material, with a structure as stadium-shape polymer micro-laser. The fully integrated photonic chip is not so far. The last important function to be implemented is the tuning of the oscillation frequency.

Quality of life in asthma patients.

PubMed

Ferreira, Lara Noronha; Brito, Ulisses; Ferreira, Pedro Lopes

2010-01-01

In this paper we present a study whose main aim is the measurement of the Health Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) of patients with asthma and the presentation of a first draft of normative values as measured by the SF-6D for asthma patients. In addition, we investigate how far non-disease-specific HRQoL measures can distinguish groups in terms of sociodemographic characteristics. The Portuguese versions of the EQ-5D, SF-6D, AQLQ(S) and ACQ were administered using personal interviews to a representative sample of the Portuguese population with asthma. Most of the individuals did not report significant problems in the dimensions used, with the exception of the physical functioning, where individuals reported moderate limitations. The mean utility value was 0.86. Male gender, young, single, individuals with high educational attainment level, employed, individuals with high income and those residing in urban areas reported higher utility levels. As expected, those who were in a severe stadium of the disease reported lower mean utility levels than those who were in a less severe stadium of the disease. Normative values for the SF-6D were computed for patients with asthma by gender, age, marital status, educational attainment level, employment status, area of residence and average monthly net income. The preference-based measures used in this study distinguish patient groups with asthma in terms of socio- demographic groups. The normative values can be used in economic evaluation and clinical studies as they incorporate patients' preferences and translate the value attributed to patients' health state.

Esophageal dysfunction in different stages of Parkinson's disease.

PubMed

Suttrup, I; Suttrup, J; Suntrup-Krueger, S; Siemer, M-L; Bauer, J; Hamacher, C; Oelenberg, S; Domagk, D; Dziewas, R; Warnecke, T

2017-01-01

Dysphagia is a clinically relevant symptom in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) leading to pronounced reduction in quality of life and other severe complications. Parkinson's disease-related dysphagia may affect the oral and pharyngeal, as well as the esophageal phase of swallowing. To examine the nature and extend of esophageal dysphagia in different stages of PD and their relation to oropharyngeal dysfunction, we examined 65 PD patients (mean age 66.3±9.7 years, mean disease duration 7.9±5.8 years, mean Hoehn & Yahr [H&Y] stage 2.89±0.91) and divided into three groups (early [H&Y I+II; n=21], intermediate [H&Y III; n=25], and advanced stadium [H&Y IV+V; n=19]), using esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) to detect esophageal motor disorders. Oropharyngeal impairment was assessed using fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing. Major esophageal motor disorders were detected in nearly one third of the PD patients. Minor impairment of the esophageal body was present in 95% of participants and throughout all disease stages with pathological findings especially in peristalsis and intrabolus pressure (IBP). The IBP was found to significantly increase in the advanced stadium. Although dysfunction of the upper and lower esophageal sphincters was observed in individual patients, alterations in these esophageal segments revealed no statistical significance compared with normative data. No clear association was found between the occurrence of oropharyngeal dysphagia and esophageal impairment. Esophageal body impairment in PD is a frequent phenomenon during all disease stages, which possibly reflects α-synucleinopathy in the enteric nervous system. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The Hillsborough disaster: how it has changed UK healthcare law. Part 1.

PubMed

Griffith, Richard

The 25th anniversary of the Hillsborough Stadium disaster was commemorated this year with memorial services and a toll of bells to remember the 96 who died that day. Their legacy is largely seen in safe, modern, all-seat stadia but it endures beyond football. Court cases resulting from the aftermath of the tragedy have helped shape healthcare law in the UK and in a short series of articles Richard Griffith highlights the impact the Hillsborough disaster has had, beginning with the development of the law in relation to psychiatric injury arising from another's negligent act.

The frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in televised sports, 1990 through 1992.

PubMed

Madden, P A; Grube, J W

1994-02-01

This study examines the frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in a random sample of 166 televised sports events representing 443.7 hours of network programming broadcast from fall 1990 through summer 1992. More commercials appear for alcohol products than for any other beverage. Beer commercials predominate and include images at odds with recommendations from former Surgeon General Koop. The audience is also exposed to alcohol and tobacco advertising through the appearances of stadium signs, other on-site promotions, and verbal or visual brief product sponsorships. Moderation messages and public service announcements are rare.

Earth Observations taken by Expedition 38 crewmember

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-02-08

ISS038-E-042992 (10 Feb. 2014) --- One of the Expedition 38 crew members aboard the International Space Station downlinked this vertical 600mm night view of Sochi, Russia, which clearly shows the site of the 2014 Winter Olympics while they are just a few days underway. Fisht Stadium where the Opening Ceremonies were held on Feb. 7 is easily recognizable as the bright circular structure. Sochi is a city in Krasnodar Krai, Russia, located on the Black Sea coast near the border between Georgia/Abkhazia and Russia. It has an area of 1,353 square miles or 3,505 square kilometers.

[Dentist's work at the treatment of maxillofacial injuries under extraordinary circumstances].

PubMed

Novosel, M

1990-01-01

In the article the author describes the possibilities of dentist's work with maxillo-facially injured persons in cases of greater mass disasters as earth-quakes, floods, greater traffic accidents, and recently also the accidents at sports stadiums and demonstrations. Owing to extraordinary circumstances and a great number of injured people on a small place, and short time available, simple methods of temporary immobilisation are used, which are carried out from the place of the injury to the transport in a specialist institution, where the final specialist treatment begins. Some of these methods are described by the author.

Quantifying crowd size with mobile phone and Twitter data

PubMed Central

Botta, Federico; Moat, Helen Susannah; Preis, Tobias

2015-01-01

Being able to infer the number of people in a specific area is of extreme importance for the avoidance of crowd disasters and to facilitate emergency evacuations. Here, using a football stadium and an airport as case studies, we present evidence of a strong relationship between the number of people in restricted areas and activity recorded by mobile phone providers and the online service Twitter. Our findings suggest that data generated through our interactions with mobile phone networks and the Internet may allow us to gain valuable measurements of the current state of society. PMID:26064667

Division I College Football Concussion Rates Are Higher at Higher Altitudes.

PubMed

Lynall, Robert C; Kerr, Zachary Y; Parr, Matthew S; Hackney, Anthony C; Mihalik, Jason P

2016-02-01

Retrospective cohort. Participating in sports at high altitude may have a protective effect on the brain, according to research studies. Research using validated data-collection methods in a previously unexplored cohort may better estimate the association between concussion injury risk and altitude. To determine the association between concussion rates and altitude during college football games. Athletic trainers from 21 Division I football programs provided exposure and injury data to the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Injury Surveillance Program (ISP) from the 2009-2010 to 2013-2014 academic years. The elevation of each stadium was determined. Concussion rates per 1000 athlete-exposures (AEs) were compared in 2 ways, based on the sample of stadium elevations: (1) median split (elevation higher than 178 m or lower than 178 m), and (2) quartile split. Rate ratios (RRs), rate differences, and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed. One hundred sixty-nine concussions were reported over 49 040 AEs (3.45/1000 AEs). Using the median split, the concussion rate above 178 m (RR = 4.18/1000 AEs) was 1.47 times the concussion rate below 178 m (RR = 2.84/1000 AEs; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.00; P = .01). The concussion rate at the highest altitude quartile (higher than 284 m; RR = 5.01/1000 AEs) was 1.67 times greater than the concussion rate at the lowest altitude quartile (lower than 43 m; RR = 3.00/1000 AEs; 95% CI: 1.13, 2.48; P = .01). College football game concussion rates appear to increase at higher altitudes. The clinical significance of this relatively small increase is unknown. Future research should explore potential physiologic underpinnings associated with concussion risk at relatively higher and lower altitudes. Prognosis, level 2b.

Role of Sports Facilities in the Process of Revitalization of Brownfields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taraszkiewicz, Karolina; Nyka, Lucyna

2017-10-01

The paper gives an evidence that building a large sports facility can generate beneficial urban space transformation and a significant improvement in the dilapidated urban areas. On the basis of theoretical investigations and case studies it can be proved that sports facilities introduced to urban brownfields could be considered one of the best known large scale revitalization methods. Large urban spaces surrounding sport facilities such as stadiums and other sports arenas create excellent conditions for designing additional recreational function, such as parks and other green areas. Since sports venues are very often located on brownfields and post-industrial spaces, there are usually well related with canals, rivers and other water routes or reservoirs. Such spaces become attractors for large groups of people. This, in effect initiate the process of introducing housing estates to the area and gradually the development of multifunctional urban structure. As research shows such process of favourable urban transformation could be based on implementing several important preconditions. One of the most significant one is the formation of the new communication infrastructure, which links newly formed territories with the well-structured urban core. Well planned program of the new sports facilities is also a very important factor. As research shows multifunctional large sports venues may function in the city as a new kind of public space that stimulates new genres of social relations, offers entertainment and free time activities, not necessarily related with sport. This finally leads to the creation of new jobs and more general improvement of a widely understood image of the district, growing appreciation for the emerging new location and consequently new investments in the neighbouring areas. The research gives new evidence to the ongoing discussion on the drawbacks and benefits of placing stadiums and sports arenas in the urban core.

The Reliability of Technical and Tactical Tagging Analysis Conducted by a Semi-Automatic VTS in Soccer.

PubMed

Beato, Marco; Jamil, Mikael; Devereux, Gavin

2018-06-01

The Video Tracking multiple cameras system (VTS) is a technology that records two-dimensional position data (x and y) at high sampling rates (over 25 Hz). The VTS is of great interest because it can record external load variables as well as collect technical and tactical parameters. Performance analysis is mainly focused on physical demands, yet less attention has been afforded to technical and tactical factors. Digital.Stadium® VTS is a performance analysis device widely used at national and international levels (i.e. Italian Serie A, Euro 2016) and the reliability evaluation of its technical tagging analysis (e.g. shots, passes, assists, set pieces) could be paramount for its application at elite level competitions, as well as in research studies. Two professional soccer teams, with 30 male players (age 23 ± 5 years, body mass 78.3 ± 6.9 kg, body height 1.81 ± 0.06 m), were monitored in the 2016 season during a friendly match and data analysis was performed immediately after the game ended. This process was then replicated a week later (4 operators conducted the data analysis in each week). This study reports a near perfect relationship between Match and its Replication. R2 coefficients (relationships between Match and Replication) were highly significant for each of the technical variables considered (p < 0.001). In particular, a high score of interclass correlation and a small coefficient of variation were reported. This study reports meaningless differences between Match and its Replication (intra-day reliability). We concluded that the semi-automatic process behind the Digital.Stadium® VTS was more than capable of recording technical tagging data accurately.

Mars Polar Lander Site Surface Details

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

This picture is an enlargement of a portion of a MOC image taken in late July 1999, showing the onset of defrosting of the seasonal carbon dioxide frost cap (small, occasionally fan-shaped dark spots seen throughout this image). Two craters are seen in this image, a very rare occurrence on the south polar layered deposits. Shown for comparison at the same scale is a picture of Jack Murphy (now Qualcomm) Stadium in San Diego, California. Clearly visible in the inset is the baseball diamond and pitcher's mound; less clear but certainly visible are a number of automobiles (small light dots) in the parking lot west (to the left) of the stadium. The elevation of the sun in the Mars image is about 10o; the sunlight is coming from the bottom (north) in this image. The shadow of the rims of the craters can be used to determine their depths. The smaller crater in the bottom right corner is about 60 m (197 feet) across and 7 m (23 feet) deep; the large crater just below the inset is 175 m (574 feet) across and 17 m (56 feet) deep. Similar calculations for other features in the images indicate that much of the surface is smooth and flat. Relief is typically much less than 1-2 meters (3-7 feet) in height over areas of 10-15 meters across (33-49 feet).

Malin Space Science Systems and the California Institute of Technology built the MOC using spare hardware from the Mars Observer mission. MSSS operates the camera from its facilities in San Diego, CA. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Mars Surveyor Operations Project operates the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft with its industrial partner, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, from facilities in Pasadena, CA and Denver, CO.

Numerical Aspects of Eigenvalue and Eigenfunction Computations for Chaotic Quantum Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bäcker, A.

Summary: We give an introduction to some of the numerical aspects in quantum chaos. The classical dynamics of two-dimensional area-preserving maps on the torus is illustrated using the standard map and a perturbed cat map. The quantization of area-preserving maps given by their generating function is discussed and for the computation of the eigenvalues a computer program in Python is presented. We illustrate the eigenvalue distribution for two types of perturbed cat maps, one leading to COE and the other to CUE statistics. For the eigenfunctions of quantum maps we study the distribution of the eigenvectors and compare them with the corresponding random matrix distributions. The Husimi representation allows for a direct comparison of the localization of the eigenstates in phase space with the corresponding classical structures. Examples for a perturbed cat map and the standard map with different parameters are shown. Billiard systems and the corresponding quantum billiards are another important class of systems (which are also relevant to applications, for example in mesoscopic physics). We provide a detailed exposition of the boundary integral method, which is one important method to determine the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the Helmholtz equation. We discuss several methods to determine the eigenvalues from the Fredholm equation and illustrate them for the stadium billiard. The occurrence of spurious solutions is discussed in detail and illustrated for the circular billiard, the stadium billiard, and the annular sector billiard. We emphasize the role of the normal derivative function to compute the normalization of eigenfunctions, momentum representations or autocorrelation functions in a very efficient and direct way. Some examples for these quantities are given and discussed.

Impact of water conditions on land surface subsidance and the decline of organic soils in Kuwasy peatland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chrzanowski, S.; Szajdak, L.

2009-04-01

Organic soils as result of drainage undergo consolidation, mineralization, and subsidence of surface layer, and decline of organic matter. The rate of the subsidence of surface layer depends on a number of factors, such as ground water level, kind of peat, density of thickness of peat layer, drainage depth, climate, land use and drainage duration. These processes are connected with the changes of physical properties and lead to the conversion of organic soils into mineral-organic and mineral. The phenomena are observed in Biebrza, Notec Valley, and Kurpiowska Basin and Wieprz-Krzna channel. During last 42 years, in Kuwasy peatland from 10-13 ton per year was declined and the area of peatland decreased from 53 to 57 cm. It was observed that, peat moorsh soil of the first stadium of moorshification located on a middle decomposed peat transformed into peat-moorh soil of the second stadium of moorshification located on a high decomposed peat. However shallow peat soils were converted into mineral-moorsh and moorsh. Kuwasy peatland was meliorated twice in XX century, first one in the middle of 30 and second one in 50. It led to the farther land surface subsidence and decline of organic matter. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the rate of land surface subsidence, decline of the area and the transformation of physic-water properties in peat-moorsh soil of different water conditions. The investigations were carried out in Kuwasy peatland, located in Biebrza Basin North-East Poland. In peat soil samples ash contents, porosity, pF curves and bulk density were determined. The analysis of these results allowed to evaluate long-term soil subsidence and to relate it to soil water conditions.

Experimental study of shear rate dependence in perpetually sheared granular matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Sophie Yang; Guillard, François; Marks, Benjy; Rognon, Pierre; Einav, Itai

2017-06-01

We study the shear behaviour of various granular materials by conducting novel perpetual simple shear experiments over four orders of magnitude of relatively low shear rates. The newly developed experimental apparatus employed is called "3D Stadium Shear Device" which is an extended version of the 2D Stadium Shear Device [1]. This device is able to provide a non-radial dependent perpetual shear flow and a nearly linear velocity profile between two oppositely moving shear walls. Using this device, we are able to test a large variety of granular materials. Here, we demonstrate the applicability of the device on glass beads (diameter 1 mm, 3 mm, and 14 mm) and rice. We particularly focus on studying these materials at very low inertial number I ranging from 10-6 to 10-2. We find that, within this range of I, the friction coefficient μ of glass beads has no shear rate dependence. A particularly appealing observation comes from testing rice, where the attainment of critical state develops under much longer duration than in other materials. Initially during shear we find a value of μ similar to that found for glass beads, but with time this value decreases gradually towards the asymptotic critical state value. The reason, we believe, lies in the fact that rice grains are strongly elongated; hence the time to achieve the stable μ is primarily controlled by the time for particles to align themselves with respect to the shear walls. Furthermore, the initial packing conditions of samples also plays a role in the evolution of μ when the shear strain is small, but that impact will eventually be erased after sufficient shear strain.

Mexican waves in an excitable medium.

PubMed

Farkas, I; Helbing, D; Vicsek, T

2002-09-12

The Mexican wave, or La Ola, which rose to fame during the 1986 World Cup in Mexico, surges through the rows of spectators in a stadium as those in one section leap to their feet with their arms up, and then sit down again as the next section rises to repeat the motion. To interpret and quantify this collective human behaviour, we have used a variant of models that were originally developed to describe excitable media such as cardiac tissue. Modelling the reaction of the crowd to attempts to trigger the wave reveals how this phenomenon is stimulated, and may prove useful in controlling events that involve groups of excited people.

The frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in televised sports, 1990 through 1992.

PubMed Central

Madden, P A; Grube, J W

1994-01-01

This study examines the frequency and nature of alcohol and tobacco advertising in a random sample of 166 televised sports events representing 443.7 hours of network programming broadcast from fall 1990 through summer 1992. More commercials appear for alcohol products than for any other beverage. Beer commercials predominate and include images at odds with recommendations from former Surgeon General Koop. The audience is also exposed to alcohol and tobacco advertising through the appearances of stadium signs, other on-site promotions, and verbal or visual brief product sponsorships. Moderation messages and public service announcements are rare. PMID:8296959

Simulation and comparison of the illuminance, uniformity, and efficiency of different forms of lighting used in basketball court illumination.

PubMed

Sun, Wen-Shing; Tien, Chuen-Lin; Tsuei, Chih-Hsuan; Pan, Jui-Wen

2014-10-10

We simulate and compare the illuminance, uniformity, and efficiency of metal-halide lamps, white LED light sources, and hybrid light box designs combining sunlight and white LED lighting used for indoor basketball court illumination. According to the optical simulation results and our examination of real situations, we find that hybrid light box designs combining sunlight and white LEDs do perform better than either metal-halide lamps or white LED lights. An evaluation of the sunlight concentrator system used in our inverted solar cell shows that the energy consumption of stadium lighting can be reduced significantly.

Astronomia.pl: Ideas for the International Year of Astronomy 2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Czart, K.; Pomierny, J.

2008-06-01

Astronomia.pl is an internet portal for Polish-speaking people. As a website, most of our activities in IYA2009 will focus on the internet and other electronic media. We will prepare a content-rich website, in cooperation with the Polish committee for IYA2009. We present some extended suggestions for ideas proposed by the IAU, like postage stamps or mobile phone wallpapers, ring tones and themes and some original propositions like naming a small Solar System body for each country, a computer game, a stadium as a solar clock, a media event with thousands of amateur astronomers in one place and a network of cities.

Radiation or chemoradiation: initial utility study of selected therapy for local advanced stadium cervical cancer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pramitasari, D. A.; Gondhowiardjo, S.; Nuranna, L.

2017-08-01

This study aimed to compare radiation only or chemo radiation treatment of local advanced cervical cancers by examining the initial response of tumors and acute side effects. An initial assessment employed value based medicine (VBM) by obtaining utility values for both types of therapy. The incidences of acute lower gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and hematology side effects in patients undergoing chemoradiation did not differ significantly from those undergoing radiation alone. Utility values for patients who underwent radiation alone were higher compared to those who underwent chemoradiation. It was concluded that the complete response of patients who underwent chemoradiation did not differ significantly from those who underwent radiation alone.

User-oriented summary extraction for soccer video based on multimodal analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Huayong; Jiang, Shanshan; He, Tingting

2011-11-01

An advanced user-oriented summary extraction method for soccer video is proposed in this work. Firstly, an algorithm of user-oriented summary extraction for soccer video is introduced. A novel approach that integrates multimodal analysis, such as extraction and analysis of the stadium features, moving object features, audio features and text features is introduced. By these features the semantic of the soccer video and the highlight mode are obtained. Then we can find the highlight position and put them together by highlight degrees to obtain the video summary. The experimental results for sports video of world cup soccer games indicate that multimodal analysis is effective for soccer video browsing and retrieval.

Ground Reaction Forces Generated During Rhythmical Squats as a Dynamic Loads of the Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pantak, Marek

2017-10-01

Dynamic forces generated by moving persons can lead to excessive vibration of the long span, slender and lightweight structure such as floors, stairs, stadium stands and footbridges. These dynamic forces are generated during walking, running, jumping and rhythmical body swaying in vertical or horizontal direction etc. In the paper the mathematical models of the Ground Reaction Forces (GRFs) generated during squats have been presented. Elaborated models was compared to the GRFs measured during laboratory tests carried out by author in wide range of frequency using force platform. Moreover, the GRFs models were evaluated during dynamic numerical analyses and dynamic field tests of the exemplary structure (steel footbridge).

New distributed radar technology based on UAV or UGV application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molchanov, Pavlo A.; Contarino, Vincent M.

2013-05-01

Regular micro and nano radars cannot provide reliable tracking of low altitude low profile aerial targets in urban and mountain areas because of reflection and re-reflections from buildings and terrain. They become visible and vulnerable to guided missiles if positioned on a tower or blimp. Doppler radar cannot distinguish moving cars and small low altitude aerial targets in an urban area. A new concept of pocket size distributed radar technology based on the application of UAV (Unmanned Air Vehicles), UGV (Unmanned Ground Vehicles) is proposed for tracking of low altitude low profile aerial targets at short and medium distances for protection of stadium, camp, military facility in urban or mountain areas.

Insulin-like molecules in the beetle Tenebrio molitor.

PubMed

Sevala, V M; Sevala, V L; Loughton, B G

1993-07-01

Immunocytochemical staining of the nervous system of larva, pupa, and adult stage of Tenebrio molitor with anti-insulin serum demonstrated insulin-like peptides in the protocerebrum, corpora allata, and suboesophageal ganglion. During pupal development, marked changes in staining intensity of the protocerebral cells were detected. The staining pattern suggests release of insulin-like peptides early on day 0 and again on day 3 of the stadium. Injections of anti-insulin at these times caused significant delays in the timing of pupal/adult ecdysis. An immunoblot of haemolymph from day-3 pupae revealed a 6.5-kDa insulin-like molecule. These results suggest that the prothoracicotropic hormone of T. molitor is an insulin-like molecule.

Automatic exposure for panoramic systems in uncontrolled lighting conditions: a football stadium case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaddam, Vamsidhar Reddy; Griwodz, Carsten; Halvorsen, Pâl.

2014-02-01

One of the most common ways of capturing wide eld-of-view scenes is by recording panoramic videos. Using an array of cameras with limited overlapping in the corresponding images, one can generate good panorama images. Using the panorama, several immersive display options can be explored. There is a two fold synchronization problem associated to such a system. One is the temporal synchronization, but this challenge can easily be handled by using a common triggering solution to control the shutters of the cameras. The other synchronization challenge is the automatic exposure synchronization which does not have a straight forward solution, especially in a wide area scenario where the light conditions are uncontrolled like in the case of an open, outdoor football stadium. In this paper, we present the challenges and approaches for creating a completely automatic real-time panoramic capture system with a particular focus on the camera settings. One of the main challenges in building such a system is that there is not one common area of the pitch that is visible to all the cameras that can be used for metering the light in order to nd appropriate camera parameters. One approach we tested is to use the green color of the eld grass. Such an approach provided us with acceptable results only in limited light conditions.A second approach was devised where the overlapping areas between adjacent cameras are exploited, thus creating pairs of perfectly matched video streams. However, there still existed some disparity between di erent pairs. We nally developed an approach where the time between two temporal frames is exploited to communicate the exposures among the cameras where we achieve a perfectly synchronized array. An analysis of the system and some experimental results are presented in this paper. In summary, a pilot-camera approach running in auto-exposure mode and then distributing the used exposure values to the other cameras seems to give best visual results.

Optical microresonator for application to an opto-electronic oscillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yu-Mei; Vivien, Laurent; Cassan, Eric; Luong, Vu Hai Nam; Nguyen, Lam Duy; Journet, Bernard

2010-02-01

Optoelectronic oscillators are classically based on a feedback fiber loop acting as a delay line for high spectral purity. One of the problems due to long fiber loops is the size and the requirement of temperature control. Going toward integrated solutions requires the introduction of optical resonators with a very high quality factor. A structure based on silicon on insulator material has been designed for application to an oscillator working at 8 GHz. The micro-resonator has a stadium shape with a ridge of 30 nm height, 1 μm width, a millimetric radius and a gap of some microns in agreement with the required free spectral range. A quality factor of 500000 can be achieved leading to an equivalent fiber loop of 2 km.

Catch the wave: prairie dogs assess neighbours’ awareness using contagious displays

PubMed Central

Hare, James F.; Campbell, Kevin L.; Senkiw, Robert W.

2014-01-01

The jump–yip display of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) is contagious, spreading through a prairie dog town as ‘the wave’ through a stadium. Because contagious communication in primates serves to assess conspecific social awareness, we investigated whether instigators of jump–yip bouts adjusted their behaviour relative to the response of conspecifics recruited to display bouts. Increased responsiveness of neighbouring town members resulted in bout initiators devoting a significantly greater proportion of time to active foraging. Contagious jump–yips thus function to assess neighbours’ alertness, soliciting social information to assess effective conspecific group size in real time and reveal active probing of conspecific awareness consistent with theory of mind in these group-living rodents. PMID:24403324

[Parenthood and cancer: dyadic analysis of psychological distress and -health-related quality of life of cancer parents with minor children].

PubMed

Kühne, Franziska; Krattenmacher, Thomas; Bergelt, Corinna; Bierbaum, Anna-Lena; Christine Ernst, Johanna; Flechtner, Hans-Henning; Keller, Monika; Klitzing, Kai V; Romer, Georg; Möller, Birgit

2013-12-01

The purpose of this study was the analysis of psychological distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of parents with minor children during curative resp. palliative treatment.Cross-sectional design with a sample of N=89 parent dyads. Dyadic analysis of demographic, illness and family variables via mixed linear models.Patients and healthy partners indicated psychological distress on different subscales. Intradyadic correlations were small-moderate. Most important predictors of psychological distress and HRQoL were treatment stadium, gender, family functioning, and employment status.Dependent on demographic variables, psychooncological support was evident mainly for parents in palliative care and for families with dysfunctional functioning. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Numerical demonstration of neuromorphic computing with photonic crystal cavities.

PubMed

Laporte, Floris; Katumba, Andrew; Dambre, Joni; Bienstman, Peter

2018-04-02

We propose a new design for a passive photonic reservoir computer on a silicon photonics chip which can be used in the context of optical communication applications, and study it through detailed numerical simulations. The design consists of a photonic crystal cavity with a quarter-stadium shape, which is known to foster interesting mixing dynamics. These mixing properties turn out to be very useful for memory-dependent optical signal processing tasks, such as header recognition. The proposed, ultra-compact photonic crystal cavity exhibits a memory of up to 6 bits, while simultaneously accepting bitrates in a wide region of operation. Moreover, because of the inherent low losses in a high-Q photonic crystal cavity, the proposed design is very power efficient.

Earth Observations taken by the Expedition 39 Crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-03-12

ISS039-E-000663 (12 March 2014) --- As in the case of this picture, when an astronaut in space uses an 800mm focal length, it is impossible to get the entire body of Houston, the nation's fourth most populous city, in one frame. This photo was taken by one of the Expedition 39 crew members from the International Space Station on March 12, 2014. The large lens and the clear spring like weather provide a better than usual aerial study of the city. The downtown business district is in the center of the frame. The Relaint Stadium complex, home to the Houston Livestock and Rodeo, currently in progress, can be seen in the upper right portion of the photo.

Hydrogen peroxide as a new defensive compound in "benzoyl cyanide" producing polydesmid millipedes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuwahara, Yasumasa; Yamaguchi, Takuya; Ichiki, Yayoi; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Asano, Yasuhisa

2017-04-01

Hydrogen peroxide was newly and simultaneously demonstrated with well-known hydrogen cyanide as a component of defensive secretions of "benzoyl cyanide" producing polydesmid millipedes. Presence of hydrogen peroxide was successively evidenced by Trinder reagent's spray with colorless as well as oily smears of defensive secretions containing benzoyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide by alkaline picrate paper treatment. Linear correlation was demonstrated between quantities of hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl cyanide. By qualitative assay, seven benzoyl cyanide containing polydesmidans (six species of adults and one species of a nymph at stadium I) tested positive to Trinder reagent, indicative of the presence of hydrogen peroxide (together with hydrogen cyanide), while two cyanogenic species without benzoyl cyanide exhibited negative responses to the reagent. Two types of millipedes were elucidated as species of cyanogenic Polydesmida.

How To Obtain Aerial Photographs

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

1999-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) maintains an informational data base of aerial photographic coverage of the United States and its territories that dates back to the 1940?s. This information describes photographic projects from the USGS, other Federal, State, and local government agencies, and commercial firms. The pictures on this page show a part of a standard 9- by 9-inch photograph and the results obtained by enlarging the original photograph two and four times. Compare the size of the Qualcomm Stadium, Jack Murphy Field, in San Diego, Calif, and the adjacent parking lot and freeways shown at the different scales. USGS Earth Science Information Center (ESIC) representatives will assist you in locating and ordering photographs. Please submit the completed checklist and a marked map showing your area of interest to any ESIC.

Hydrogen peroxide as a new defensive compound in "benzoyl cyanide" producing polydesmid millipedes.

PubMed

Kuwahara, Yasumasa; Yamaguchi, Takuya; Ichiki, Yayoi; Tanabe, Tsutomu; Asano, Yasuhisa

2017-04-01

Hydrogen peroxide was newly and simultaneously demonstrated with well-known hydrogen cyanide as a component of defensive secretions of "benzoyl cyanide" producing polydesmid millipedes. Presence of hydrogen peroxide was successively evidenced by Trinder reagent's spray with colorless as well as oily smears of defensive secretions containing benzoyl cyanide and hydrogen cyanide by alkaline picrate paper treatment. Linear correlation was demonstrated between quantities of hydrogen peroxide and benzoyl cyanide. By qualitative assay, seven benzoyl cyanide containing polydesmidans (six species of adults and one species of a nymph at stadium I) tested positive to Trinder reagent, indicative of the presence of hydrogen peroxide (together with hydrogen cyanide), while two cyanogenic species without benzoyl cyanide exhibited negative responses to the reagent. Two types of millipedes were elucidated as species of cyanogenic Polydesmida.

Houston/Galveston, Texas, USA

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-151-175 (28 April-6 May 1991) --- Large format (five-inch) frame of part of the greater Houston metropolitan area photographed from the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Discovery. (Hold photo vertically with Galveston at bottom so that north will be at top.) Heavier than normal spring rains emphasize the several bodies of water in the area. Thanks to Sun angle, the interstate highways, Houston's belt and loop systems and even city streets, farm-to-market roads and airport runways are easily observed in the frame. NASA and Clear Lake City, work and home areas of the seven Discovery astronaut crew members, are easily spotted near upper Galveston Bay in bottom (south portion) of the frame. Houston's central business district and the Harris County Domed Stadium are seen in the upper left quadrant.

Prehospital severity scoring at major rock concert events.

PubMed

Erickson, T B; Koenigsberg, M; Bunney, E B; Schurgin, B; Levy, P; Willens, J; Tanner, L

1997-01-01

Rock and contemporary music concerts are popular, recurrent events requiring on-site medical staffing. To describe a novel severity score used to stratify the level of acuity of patients presenting to first-aid stations at these events. Retrospective review of charts generated at the first-aid stations of five major rock concerts within a 60,000 spectator capacity, outdoor, professional sports stadium. Participants included all concert patrons presenting to the stadium's first-aid stations as patients. Data were collected on patient demographics, history of drug or ethanol usage while at the concert event, first-aid station time, treatment rendered, diagnosis, and disposition. All patients evaluated were retrospectively assigned a "DRUG-ROCK" Injury Severity Score (DRISS) to stratify their level of acuity. Individual concert events and patient dispositions were compared statistically using chi-square, Fisher's exact, and the ANOVA Mean tests. Approximately 250,000 spectators attended the five concert events. First-aid stations evaluated 308 patients (utilization rate of 1.2 per 1,000 patrons). The most common diagnosis was minor trauma (130; 42%), followed in frequency by ethanol/illicit drug intoxication (98; 32%). The average time in the first-aid station was 23.5 +/- 22.5 minutes (+/- standard deviation; range: 5-150 minutes). Disposition of patients included 100 (32.5%) who were treated and released; 98 (32%) were transported by paramedics to emergency departments (EDs); and 110 (35.5%) signed-out against medical advise (AMA), refusing transport. The mean DRISS was 4.1 (+/- 2.65). Two-thirds (67%) of the study population were ranked as mild by DRISS criteria (score = 1-4), with 27% rated as moderate (score = 5-9), and 6% severe (score > 10). The average of severity scores was highest (6.5) for patients transported to hospitals, and statistically different from the scores of the average of the treated and released and AMA groups (p < 0.005). The DRISS was useful in stratifying the acuity level of this patient population. This severity score may serve as a potential triage mechanism for future mass gatherings such as rock concerts.

Atomic quantum corrals for Bose-Einstein condensates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xiong Hongwei; Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics China, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190; Wu Biao

2010-11-15

We consider the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensates in a corral-like potential. Compared to the electronic quantum corrals, the atomic quantum corrals have the advantages of allowing direct and convenient observation of the wave dynamics, together with adjustable interaction strength. Our numerical study shows that these advantages not only allow exploration of the rich dynamical structures in the density distribution but also make the corrals useful in many other aspects. In particular, the corrals for atoms can be arranged into a stadium shape for the experimental visualization of quantum chaos, which has been elusive with electronic quantum corrals. The density correlationmore » is used to describe quantitatively the dynamical quantum chaos. Furthermore, we find that the interatomic interaction can greatly enhance the dynamical quantum chaos, for example, inducing a chaotic behavior even in circle-shaped corrals.« less

Detection of liquid hazardous molecules using linearly focused Raman spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Soo Gyeong; Chung, Jin Hyuk

2013-05-01

In security, it is an important issue to analyze hazardous materials in sealed bottles. Particularly, prompt nondestructive checking of sealed liquid bottles in a very short time at the checkpoints of crowded malls, stadiums, or airports is of particular importance to prevent probable terrorist attack using liquid explosives. Aiming to design and fabricate a detector for liquid explosives, we have used linearly focused Raman spectroscopy to analyze liquid materials in transparent or semi-transparent bottles without opening their caps. Continuous lasers with 532 nm wavelength and 58 mW/130 mW beam energy have been used for the Raman spectroscopy. Various hazardous materials including flammable liquids and explosive materials have successfully been distinguished and identified within a couple of seconds. We believe that our technique will be one of suitable methods for fast screening of liquid materials in sealed bottles.

A kickball game for ankle rehabilitation by JAVA, JNI, and VRML

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choi, Hyungjeen; Ryu, Jeha; Lee, Chansu

2004-03-01

This paper presents development of a virtual environment that can be applied to the ankle rehabilitation procedure. We developed a virtual football stadium to intrigue a patient, where two degree of freedom (DOF) plate-shaped object is oriented to kick a ball falling from the sky in accordance with the data from the ankle's dorisflexion/plantarflexion and inversion/eversion motion on the moving platform of the K-Platform. This Kickball Game is implemented by Virtual Reality Modeling Language (VRML). To control virtual objects, data from the K-Platform are transmitted through the communication module implemented in C++. Java, Java Native Interface (JNI) and VRML plug-in are combined together so as to interface the communication module with the virtual environment by VRML. This game may be applied to the Active Range of Motion (AROM) exercise procedure that is one of the ankle rehabilitation procedures.

Implantate in der Augenheilkunde

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dresp, Joachim H.

Im Bereich der Augenheilkunde findet sich die weltweit am häufigsten ausgeführte chirurgische Massnahme, die operative Behandlung des Grauen Stars: die Katarakt. Bei der Katarakt handelt es sich um eine Eintrübung der natürlichen Augenlinse, die sich je nach Stadium der Erkrankung leicht opak, über milchig bis zu bräunlich präsentiert. Mit dieser Zunahme der Undurchlässigkeit für das sichtbare Licht geht eine Abnahme des Sehvermögens einher, die bis zur totalen Erblindung führen kann. Bedingt durch die sehr eingeschränkten chirurgischen Möglichkeiten in den Ländern der Dritten Welt ist die Katarakt die Erblindungsursache Nummer 1 in der Welt. Ganz im Gegensatz hierzu ist in den industrialisierten Ländern Europas, Amerikas und Asiens die Katarakt-OP die sicherste chirurgische Intervention. In der Augenheilkunde werden Implantate aller drei Aggregatszustände verwendet.

PREFACE: 13th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leach, Richard

2011-08-01

The 13th International Conference on Metrology and Properties of Engineering Surfaces focused on the progress in surface metrology, surface characterisation instrumentation and properties of engineering surfaces. The conference provided an international forum for academics, industrialists and engineers from different disciplines to meet and exchange their ideas, results and latest research. The conference was held at Twickenham Stadium, situated approximately six miles from Heathrow Airport and approximately three miles from the National Physical Laboratory (NPL). This was the thirteenth in the very successful series of conferences, which have firmly established surface topography as a new and exciting interdisciplinary field of scientific and technological studies. Scientific Themes: Surface, Micro and Nano Metrology Measurement and Instrumentation Metrology for MST Devices Freeform Surface Measurement and Characterisation Uncertainty, Traceability and Calibration AFM/SPM Metrology Tribology and Wear Phenomena Functional Applications Stylus and Optical Instruments

Houston/Galveston, Texas, USA

NASA Image and Video Library

1991-05-06

STS039-85-036 (28 April-6 May 1991) --- An orbital pass took the Space Shuttle Discovery over the Houston area, allowing this nearly vertical 70mm photograph to be taken. The north - south bounds extend from a line just north of the Intercontinental Airport at the top of the photo. (Some printings have index numbers near south in the frame). The east - west coverage extends from a line several miles outside the Sam Houston belt system left and right. Parts of the belt system, especially in the south, are still under construction. The Harris County Domed Stadium can be delineated just left of center, and the central business district of Houston is just above center. The work and living areas of the seven astronaut crew members are in the lower right quadrant, including Clear Lake, Taylor Lake, the NASA complex and parts of upper Galveston Bay. Many passes over the Houston area do not exist with the minimal cloud cover seen here.

Ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia as a life-threatening complication of antibiotic treatment of 'chronic Lyme disease'.

PubMed

De Wilde, Maarten; Speeckaert, Marijn; Callens, Rutger; Van Biesen, Wim

2017-04-01

'Chronic Lyme disease' is a controversial condition. As any hard evidence is lacking that unresolved systemic symptoms, following an appropriately diagnosed and treated Lyme disease, are related to a chronic infection with the tick-borne spirochaetes of the Borrelia genus, the term 'chronic Lyme disease' should be avoided and replaced by the term 'post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome.' The improper prescription of prolonged antibiotic treatments for these patients can have an impact on the community antimicrobial resistance and on the consumption of health care resources. Moreover, these treatments can be accompanied by severe complications. In this case report, we describe a life-threatening ceftriaxone-induced immune hemolytic anemia with an acute kidney injury (RIFLE-stadium F) due to a pigment-induced nephropathy in a 76-year-old woman, who was diagnosed with a so-called 'chronic Lyme disease.'

A Roof for the Lions' House

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Fans of the National Football League s Detroit Lions don't worry about game day weather. Their magnificent new Pontiac Stadium has a domed, air-supported, fabric roof that admits light but protects the playing field and patrons from the elements. The 80,000-seat Silverdome is the world s largest fabric-covered structure-and aerospace technology played an important part in its construction. The key to economical construction of the Silverdome--and many other types of buildings--is a spinoff of fiber glass Beta yarn coated with Teflon TFE fluorocarbon resin. The big advance it offers is permanency.The team of DuPont, Chemical Fabrics and Birdair have collaborated on a number of fabric structures. Some are supported by air pressure, others by cables alone. Most of the structures are in the recreational category. With conventional construction costs still on the upswing, you're likely to see a great many more permanent facilities enclosed by the aerospace spinoff fabric.

Spherical Camera

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Developed largely through a Small Business Innovation Research contract through Langley Research Center, Interactive Picture Corporation's IPIX technology provides spherical photography, a panoramic 360-degrees. NASA found the technology appropriate for use in guiding space robots, in the space shuttle and space station programs, as well as research in cryogenic wind tunnels and for remote docking of spacecraft. Images of any location are captured in their entirety in a 360-degree immersive digital representation. The viewer can navigate to any desired direction within the image. Several car manufacturers already use IPIX to give viewers a look at their latest line-up of automobiles. Another application is for non-invasive surgeries. By using OmniScope, surgeons can look more closely at various parts of an organ with medical viewing instruments now in use. Potential applications of IPIX technology include viewing of homes for sale, hotel accommodations, museum sites, news events, and sports stadiums.

Fly-through viewpoint video system for multi-view soccer movie using viewpoint interpolation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inamoto, Naho; Saito, Hideo

2003-06-01

This paper presents a novel method for virtual view generation that allows viewers to fly through in a real soccer scene. A soccer match is captured by multiple cameras at a stadium and images of arbitrary viewpoints are synthesized by view-interpolation of two real camera images near the given viewpoint. In the proposed method, cameras do not need to be strongly calibrated, but epipolar geometry between the cameras is sufficient for the view-interpolation. Therefore, it can easily be applied to a dynamic event even in a large space, because the efforts for camera calibration can be reduced. A soccer scene is classified into several regions and virtual view images are generated based on the epipolar geometry in each region. Superimposition of the images completes virtual views for the whole soccer scene. An application for fly-through observation of a soccer match is introduced as well as the algorithm of the view-synthesis and experimental results..

A Counter-IED Preparedness Methodology for Large Event Planning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Payne, Patricia W; Koch, Daniel B

Since 2009, Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) has been involved in a project sponsored by the Department of Homeland Security Science and Technology Directorate aimed at improving preparedness against Improvised Explosive Devices (IED) at large sporting events. Led by the University of Southern Mississippi (USM) as part of the Southeast Region Research Initiative, the project partners have been developing tools and methodologies for use by security personnel and first responders at sports stadiums. ORNL s contribution has been to develop an automated process to gather and organize disparate data that is usually part of an organization s security plan. Themore » organized data informs a table-top exercise (TTX) conducted by USM using additional tools developed by them and their subcontractors. After participating in several pilot TTXs, patterns are beginning to emerge that would enable improvements to be formulated to increase the level of counter-IED preparedness. This paper focuses on the data collection and analysis process and shares insights gained to date.« less

The analysis of dynamic characteristics and wind-induced displacement response of space Beam String Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yong Jian; Feng, Zhen Fa; Qi, Ai; Huang, Ying

2018-06-01

The Beam String Structure structural system, also called BSS, has the advantages of lighter dead weight and greater flexibility. The wind load is the main design control factor. The dynamic characteristics and wind-induced displacement response of BSS are studied by the finite element method. The roof structure of the stadium roof of the Fuzhou Olympic Sports Center is the engineering background. 1)The numerical model was built by ANSYS, by shape finding, determine the initial stress state of structural members such as external cables; 2)From the analysis of dynamic characteristics, the main mode of vibration is the vibration of cables; 3)The wind speed spectrum of MATLAB generation structure is obtained by AR method, the structural response of the structure under static wind load and fluctuating wind load is calculated. From the analysis result, considering the equivalent static wind load of BSS , the design of adverse wind is not safe, and the fluctuating wind load should be taken into account.

Particulate Matter Levels in Ambient Air Adjacent to Industrial Area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohamed, R. M. S. R.; Nizam, N. M. S.; Al-Gheethi, A. A.; Lajis, A.; Kassim, A. H. M.

2016-07-01

Air quality in the residential areas adjacent to the industrial regions is of great concern due to the association with human health risks. In this work, the concentrations of particulate matter (PM10) in the ambient air of UTHM campus was investigated tostudy the air qualityand their compliance to the Malaysian Ambient Air Quality Guidelines (AAQG). The PM10 samples were taken over 24 hours from the most significant area at UTHM including Stadium, KolejKediamanTunDr. Ismail (KKTDI) and MakmalBahan. The meteorological parameters; temperature, relative humidity, wind speed and wind direction as well as particulate matterwere estimated by using E-Sampler Particulate Matter (PM10) Collector. The highest concentrations of PM10 (55.56 µg/m3) was recorded at MakmalBahan during the working and weekend days. However, these concentrations are less than 150 pg/m3. It can be concluded that although UTHM is surrounded by the industrial area, the air quality in the campus still within the standards limits.

[Gastric MALT-type lymphoma. Pathology, pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapy].

PubMed

Eck, M; Fischbach, W

2010-05-01

Helicobacter pylori infection plays a central role in the development of gastric MALT-type (mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue) lymphoma. Infection results in chronic H. pylori gastritis and stimulates together with antigens or autoantigens proliferation of B-lymphocytes which is the basis for the neoplastic transformation. Histology of MALT-type lymphoma is architecturally similar to the physiological MALT. Invasion and destruction of the gastric epithelium with development of so-called lympho-epithelial lesions is the most important diagnostic criterion. Cytologically MALT-lymphoma resembles centrocytes and monocytes. For definitive lymphoma diagnosis and for the differential diagnosis from other small cell lymphomas in the stomach immunohistochemistry can be helpful. The phenotype of MALT-type lymphoma is identical to non-neoplastic B-lymphocytes of the marginal zone (CD20+, CD5-, CD10- and CD23-). Individual therapy is strongly dependent from histological type and lymphoma stadium. Therapy modalities are H. pylori eradication, radiochemotherapy, surgery or a combination of these. Aim of the therapy is the complete lymphoma regression and cure of the disease.

Surveillance and Molecular Identification of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria Species in Two Swimming Pools in Alexandria University, Egypt

PubMed Central

AL-HERRAWY, Ahmad Z.; KHALIL, Mahmoud I.; EL-SHERIF, Soheir S.; OMAR, Fatima A. E.; LOTFY, Wael M.

2017-01-01

Background: Swimming in contaminated water was reported to be associated with Acanthamoeba and N. fowleri human infections. The present study was carried out with the aim of isolation and identification of the different species of Acanthamoeba and Naegleria from two swimming pools in Alexandria University. Methods: Samples were collected from the swimming pools of Alexandria University Stadium and Faculty of Agriculture-Alexandria University during the period from May 2012 to April 2013. Results: Free-living amoebae were prevalent in the collected samples. Molecular characterization confirmed the identity of ten Acanthamoeba isolates and seven Naegleria isolates. Acanthamoeba T3, T4, T5, T11 and T15 genotypes were identified. Acanthamoeba T4 was the most prevalent genotype. Conclusion: The relatively high prevalence of Acanthamoeba, especially genotype T4, indicates the presence of a health hazard to swimmers particularly those wearing contact lenses. Naegleria fowleri was not found during the present study. PMID:28761479

Live HDR video streaming on commodity hardware

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McNamee, Joshua; Hatchett, Jonathan; Debattista, Kurt; Chalmers, Alan

2015-09-01

High Dynamic Range (HDR) video provides a step change in viewing experience, for example the ability to clearly see the soccer ball when it is kicked from the shadow of the stadium into sunshine. To achieve the full potential of HDR video, so-called true HDR, it is crucial that all the dynamic range that was captured is delivered to the display device and tone mapping is confined only to the display. Furthermore, to ensure widespread uptake of HDR imaging, it should be low cost and available on commodity hardware. This paper describes an end-to-end HDR pipeline for capturing, encoding and streaming high-definition HDR video in real-time using off-the-shelf components. All the lighting that is captured by HDR-enabled consumer cameras is delivered via the pipeline to any display, including HDR displays and even mobile devices with minimum latency. The system thus provides an integrated HDR video pipeline that includes everything from capture to post-production, archival and storage, compression, transmission, and display.

Design Graphics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

A mathematician, David R. Hedgley, Jr. developed a computer program that considers whether a line in a graphic model of a three-dimensional object should or should not be visible. Known as the Hidden Line Computer Code, the program automatically removes superfluous lines and displays an object from a specific viewpoint, just as the human eye would see it. An example of how one company uses the program is the experience of Birdair which specializes in production of fabric skylights and stadium covers. The fabric called SHEERFILL is a Teflon coated fiberglass material developed in cooperation with DuPont Company. SHEERFILL glazed structures are either tension structures or air-supported tension structures. Both are formed by patterned fabric sheets supported by a steel or aluminum frame or cable network. Birdair uses the Hidden Line Computer Code, to illustrate a prospective structure to an architect or owner. The program generates a three- dimensional perspective with the hidden lines removed. This program is still used by Birdair and continues to be commercially available to the public.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-01

This photograph shows onlookers viewing displays within the Starship 2040 exhibit on display at Joe Davis Stadium in Huntsville, Alabama. Developed by the Space Transportation Directorate at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the Starship 2040 exhibit is housed in a 48-ft (14.6-m) tractor and trailer rig, permitting it to travel around the Nation, demonstrating NASA's vision of what commercial spaceflight might be like 40 years from now. All the irnovations suggested aboard the exhibit (automated vehicle health monitoring systems, high-energy propulsion drive, navigational aids, and emergency and safety systems) are based on concepts and technologies now being studied at NASA Centers and partner institutions around the Nation. NASA is the Nation's premier agency for development of the space transportation system, including future-generation reusable launch vehicles. Such systems, the keys to a "real" Starship 2040, require revolutionary advances in critical aerospace technologies, from thermal, magnetic, chemical, and propellantless propulsion systems to new energy sources such as space solar power or antimatter propulsion. These and other advances are now being studied, developed, and tested at NASA field centers and partner institutions all over the Nation.

[Lesions of the long head of the biceps--their pathogenesis and demonstration by imaging procedures (sonography, x-ray, arthrography and computed tomography)].

PubMed

Hannesschläger, G; Riedelberger, W; Neumüller, H; Schwarzl, G

1989-09-01

Because of unusual anatomy and function the long head of the biceps brachii (LHB) is often subject to pathologic changes. On reviewing 354 sonographies of the shoulder (7.5 MHz), it was found that 61 (= 17%) abnormal findings of the LHB were reported such as degenerative changes accompanying impingement stadium II and III (atrophy, hypertrophy, effusion), intracapsular ruptures, acute isolated tenosynovitis and bony changes of the sulcus (bony spurs, shallow and dysplastic sulcus with subluxation of the LHB). Each abnormal finding was confirmed by x-ray and arthrography (some via CT) and compared with sonographic report. There seems to be a strikingly high percentage of rotator cuff tears connected with lesions of the LHB and the reduced filling of the sheath of the LHB, if combined lesions were apparent elsewhere in the shoulder. We consider sonography to be the method of choice in the assessment of LHB injuries; in case of verified lesion of the LHB, other pathologic conditions elsewhere in the shoulder are likely.

Using immersive simulation for training first responders for mass casualty incidents.

PubMed

Wilkerson, William; Avstreih, Dan; Gruppen, Larry; Beier, Klaus-Peter; Woolliscroft, James

2008-11-01

A descriptive study was performed to better understand the possible utility of immersive virtual reality simulation for training first responders in a mass casualty event. Utilizing a virtual reality cave automatic virtual environment (CAVE) and high-fidelity human patient simulator (HPS), a group of experts modeled a football stadium that experienced a terrorist explosion during a football game. Avatars (virtual patients) were developed by expert consensus that demonstrated a spectrum of injuries ranging from death to minor lacerations. A group of paramedics was assessed by observation for decisions made and action taken. A critical action checklist was created and used for direct observation and viewing videotaped recordings. Of the 12 participants, only 35.7% identified the type of incident they encountered. None identified a secondary device that was easily visible. All participants were enthusiastic about the simulation and provided valuable comments and insights. Learner feedback and expert performance review suggests that immersive training in a virtual environment has the potential to be a powerful tool to train first responders for high-acuity, low-frequency events, such as a terrorist attack.

Design and Analysis of Cost-Efficient Sensor Deployment for Tracking Small UAS with Agent-Based Modeling.

PubMed

Shin, Sangmi; Park, Seongha; Kim, Yongho; Matson, Eric T

2016-04-22

Recently, commercial unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have gained popularity. However, these UAS are potential threats to people in terms of safety in public places, such as public parks or stadiums. To reduce such threats, we consider a design, modeling, and evaluation of a cost-efficient sensor system that detects and tracks small UAS. In this research, we focus on discovering the best sensor deployments by simulating different types and numbers of sensors in a designated area, which provide reasonable detection rates at low costs. Also, the system should cover the crowded areas more thoroughly than vacant areas to reduce direct threats to people underneath. This research study utilized the Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) technique to model a system consisting of independent and heterogeneous agents that interact with each other. Our previous work presented the ability to apply ABM to analyze the sensor configurations with two types of radars in terms of cost-efficiency. The results from the ABM simulation provide a list of candidate configurations and deployments that can be referred to for applications in the real world environment.

Oral candidiasis as clinical manifestation of HIV/AIDS infection in Airlangga University hospital patients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Putranti, A.; Asmarawati, T. P.; Rachman, B. E.; Hadi, U.; Nasronudin

2018-03-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of HIV/AIDS patients with oral candidiasis as its clinical manifestation at Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya. This is a descriptive analytic research with cross-sectional design using Chi-Square statistic test. Samples of this study consist of 34 patients using total sampling methods. Those patients were all HIV/AIDS infected patients with oral candidiasis clinical manifestations, who were admitted to Airlangga University Hospital Surabaya from January 2016 to September 2017. Results showed that mostly HIV/AIDS patients with oral candidiasis are male (79.4%), old age (40-75years) total amounted to 58.8%, heterosexual as main risk factor (70%), clinical stadium mostly in stage IV (61.8%), 26% of patients with chronic diarrhea and 56% with pulmonary TB, clinical stages of patients have a significant relation to the incidence of oral candidiasis infection (p=0.024). The most common oral lesions found in people with HIV are Candidiasis. The best management is through routine dental examination and dental precautions to maintain health and achieve a better quality of life.

Experimental and analytical studies on the vibration serviceability of pre-stressed cable RC truss floor systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xuhong; Cao, Liang; Chen, Y. Frank; Liu, Jiepeng; Li, Jiang

2016-01-01

The developed pre-stressed cable reinforced concrete truss (PCT) floor system is a relatively new floor structure, which can be applied to various long-span structures such as buildings, stadiums, and bridges. Due to the lighter mass and longer span, floor vibration would be a serviceability concern problem for such systems. In this paper, field testing and theoretical analysis for the PCT floor system were conducted. Specifically, heel-drop impact and walking tests were performed on the PCT floor system to capture the dynamic properties including natural frequencies, mode shapes, damping ratios, and acceleration response. The PCT floor system was found to be a low frequency (<10 Hz) and low damping (damping ratio<2 percent) structural system. The comparison of the experimental results with the AISC's limiting values indicates that the investigated PCT system exhibits satisfactory vibration perceptibility, however. The analytical solution obtained from the weighted residual method agrees well with the experimental results and thus validates the proposed analytical expression. Sensitivity studies using the analytical solution were also conducted to investigate the vibration performance of the PCT floor system.

National attitudes concerning gun carrying in the United States

PubMed Central

Hemenway, D; Azrael, D; Miller, M

2001-01-01

Objectives—To determine public attitudes in the United States concerning gun carrying. Setting—In the past 15 years, many state legislatures have passed laws making it easier for United States citizens to carry concealed firearms, not only on the street but into various locations, including churches and government buildings. Methods—National random digit dial telephone surveys conducted in 1996 and 1999 asked questions concerning the public's feelings of safety as more people in their community carry firearms, and whether, in the language of the question, respondents believe "regular" citizens should be allowed to carry guns into public or government buildings. Results—Americans feel less safe rather than more safe as more people in their community begin to carry guns. By margins of at least nine to one, Americans do not believe that "regular" citizens should be allowed to bring their guns into restaurants, college campuses, sports stadiums, bars, hospitals, or government buildings. Conclusions—The public believes that increased gun carrying by others reduces rather than increases their safety. Overwhelmingly, the public believes that in many venues gun carrying should be prohibited. PMID:11770652

Design and Analysis of Cost-Efficient Sensor Deployment for Tracking Small UAS with Agent-Based Modeling

PubMed Central

Shin, Sangmi; Park, Seongha; Kim, Yongho; Matson, Eric T.

2016-01-01

Recently, commercial unmanned aerial systems (UAS) have gained popularity. However, these UAS are potential threats to people in terms of safety in public places, such as public parks or stadiums. To reduce such threats, we consider a design, modeling, and evaluation of a cost-efficient sensor system that detects and tracks small UAS. In this research, we focus on discovering the best sensor deployments by simulating different types and numbers of sensors in a designated area, which provide reasonable detection rates at low costs. Also, the system should cover the crowded areas more thoroughly than vacant areas to reduce direct threats to people underneath. This research study utilized the Agent-Based Modeling (ABM) technique to model a system consisting of independent and heterogeneous agents that interact with each other. Our previous work presented the ability to apply ABM to analyze the sensor configurations with two types of radars in terms of cost-efficiency. The results from the ABM simulation provide a list of candidate configurations and deployments that can be referred to for applications in the real world environment. PMID:27110790

Finite element simulation of photoacoustic fiber optic sensors for surface corrosion detection on a steel rod

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Qixiang; Owusu Twumasi, Jones; Hu, Jie; Wang, Xingwei; Yu, Tzuyang

2018-03-01

Structural steel members have become integral components in the construction of civil engineering infrastructures such as bridges, stadiums, and shopping centers due to versatility of steel. Owing to the uniqueness in the design and construction of steel structures, rigorous non-destructive evaluation techniques are needed during construction and operation processes to prevent the loss of human lives and properties. This research aims at investigating the application of photoacoustic fiber optic transducers (FOT) for detecting surface rust of a steel rod. Surface ultrasonic waves propagation in intact and corroded steel rods was simulated using finite element method (FEM). Radial displacements were collected and short-time Fourier transform (STFT) was applied to obtain the spectrogram. It was found that the presence of surface rust between the FOT and the receiver can be detected in both time and frequency domain. In addition, spectrogram can be used to locate and quantify surface rust. Furthermore, a surface rust detection algorithm utilizing the FOT has been proposed for detection, location and quantification of the surface rust.

KSC-2014-2497

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Doug Lenhardt, Kennedy Space Center's Exploration Flight Test-1, or EFT-1, mission integration manager displays a baseball from the San Diego Padres inside Petco Park in San Diego, California. NASA's Orion boilerplate test vehicle is on display at the stadium. The boilerplate test vehicle is being prepared for an EFT-1 pre-transportation test. The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program will run the test to simulate retrieval and transportation procedures for Orion after it splashes down in the ocean and is retrieved for return to land and ground transportation back to Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of the Orion is scheduled to launch later this year atop a Delta IV rocket and in 2017 on NASA’s Space Launch System rocket. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Facility Detection and Popularity Assessment from Text Classification of Social Media and Crowdsourced Data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sparks, Kevin A; Li, Roger G; Thakur, Gautam

Advances in technology have continually progressed our understanding of where people are, how they use the environment around them, and why they are at their current location. Having a better knowledge of when various locations become popular through space and time could have large impacts on research fields like urban dynamics and energy consumption. In this paper, we discuss the ability to identify and locate various facility types (e.g. restaurant, airport, stadiums) using social media, and assess methods in determining when these facilities become popular over time. We use natural language processing tools and machine learning classifiers to interpret geotaggedmore » Twitter text and determine if a user is seemingly at a location of interest when the tweet was sent. On average our classifiers are approximately 85% accurate varying across multiple facility types, with a peak precision of 98%. By using these methods to classify unstructured text, geotagged social media data can be an extremely useful tool to better understanding the composition of places and how and when people use them.« less

Starship 2040 Exhibit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This photograph shows onlookers viewing displays within the Starship 2040 exhibit on display at Joe Davis Stadium in Huntsville, Alabama. Developed by the Space Transportation Directorate at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the Starship 2040 exhibit is housed in a 48-ft (14.6-m) tractor and trailer rig, permitting it to travel around the Nation, demonstrating NASA's vision of what commercial spaceflight might be like 40 years from now. All the irnovations suggested aboard the exhibit (automated vehicle health monitoring systems, high-energy propulsion drive, navigational aids, and emergency and safety systems) are based on concepts and technologies now being studied at NASA Centers and partner institutions around the Nation. NASA is the Nation's premier agency for development of the space transportation system, including future-generation reusable launch vehicles. Such systems, the keys to a 'real' Starship 2040, require revolutionary advances in critical aerospace technologies, from thermal, magnetic, chemical, and propellantless propulsion systems to new energy sources such as space solar power or antimatter propulsion. These and other advances are now being studied, developed, and tested at NASA field centers and partner institutions all over the Nation.

Starship 2040 Exhibit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This photograph shows the Starship 2040 on display at Joe Davis Stadium in Huntsville, Alabama. Developed by the Space Transportation Directorate at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the Starship 2040 exhibit is housed in a 48-ft (14.6-m) tractor and trailer rig, permitting it to travel around the Nation, demonstrating NASA's vision of what commercial spaceflight might be like 40 years from now. All the irnovations suggested aboard the exhibit (automated vehicle health monitoring systems, high-energy propulsion drive, navigational aids, and emergency and safety systems) are based on concepts and technologies now being studied at NASA Centers and partner institutions around the Nation. NASA is the Nation's premier agency for development of the space transportation system, including future-generation reusable launch vehicles. Such systems, the keys to a 'real' Starship 2040, require revolutionary advances in critical aerospace technologies, from thermal, magnetic, chemical, and propellantless propulsion systems to new energy sources such as space solar power or antimatter propulsion. These and other advances are now being studied, developed, and tested at NASA field centers and partner institutions all over the Nation.

An analysis of consultations with the crowd doctors at Glasgow Celtic football club, season 1999–2000

PubMed Central

Crawford, M; Donnelly, J; Gordon, J; MacCallum, R; MacDonald, I; McNeill, M; Mulhearn, N; Tilston, S; West, G

2001-01-01

Objective—To analyse all clinical presentations to the crowd doctors at Scotland's largest football stadium over the course of one complete season. Methods—A standard clinical record form was used to document all consultations with the crowd doctors including treatment and subsequent referrals. The relevance of alcohol consumption was assessed. Results—A total of 127 casualties were seen at 26 matches, a mean of 4.88 per match. Twenty casualties were transferred to hospital, including one successfully defibrillated after a cardiac arrest. Alcohol excess was a major contributing factor in 26 cases. Conclusions—The workload of the crowd doctors was very variable and diverse. The social problem of excessive alcohol consumption contributed considerably to the workload. The provision of medical facilities at football grounds means that attendance there is now one of the least adverse circumstances in which to have a cardiac arrest. The study confirmed previous impressions that more casualties are seen at high profile matches. Key Words: crowd doctor; major sporting event; football grounds; Gibson report PMID:11477019

EEOC claims employer refused reasonable accommodation. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

PubMed

1995-06-30

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) has sued Spectacor, one of the largest stadium-management companies, on behalf of employee [name removed]. [Name removed], who claimed his employer refused to grant him flexible work hours to accommodate his AIDS diagnosis. [Name removed] had submitted a note from one of his doctors stating that [name removed] had AIDS and was taking an experimental medicine. The doctors requested some added flexibility in working hours to enable [name removed] to prepare special meals and take showers to reduce the discomfort of the experimental medicines he was taking. Spectacor, instead of granting the request, informed [name removed] that his job was in jeopardy and that he would be discharged because of absenteeism and declining productivity. The suit alleges Spectacor violated the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) by refusing to grant [name removed] a reasonable accommodation for his disability and that the employer had breached its obligation to keep confidential his medical information. Spectacor denied that its refusal to accommodate [name removed]'s scheduling requests constituted a violation of the ADA.

Use of the Homeland-Defense Operational Planning System (HOPS) for Emergency Management

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Durling, Jr., R L; Price, D E

2005-12-16

The Homeland-Defense Operational Planning System (HOPS), is a new operational planning tool leveraging Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's expertise in weapons systems and in sparse information analysis to support the defense of the U.S. homeland. HOPS provides planners with a basis to make decisions to protect against acts of terrorism, focusing on the defense of facilities critical to U.S. infrastructure. Criticality of facilities, structures, and systems is evaluated on a composite matrix of specific projected casualty, economic, and sociopolitical impact bins. Based on these criteria, significant unidentified vulnerabilities are identified and secured. To provide insight into potential successes by malevolent actors,more » HOPS analysts strive to base their efforts mainly on unclassified open-source data. However, more cooperation is needed between HOPS analysts and facility representatives to provide an advantage to those whose task is to defend these facilities. Evaluated facilities include: refineries, major ports, nuclear power plants and other nuclear licensees, dams, government installations, convention centers, sports stadiums, tourist venues, and public and freight transportation systems. A generalized summary of analyses of U.S. infrastructure facilities will be presented.« less

Risk Assessment Using The Homeland-Defense Operational Planning System (HOPS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Price, D E; Durling, R L

2005-10-10

The Homeland-Defense Operational Planning System (HOPS), is a new operational planning tool leveraging Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory's expertise in weapons systems and in sparse information analysis to support the defense of the U.S. homeland. HOPS provides planners with a basis to make decisions to protect against acts of terrorism, focusing on the defense of facilities critical to U.S. infrastructure. Criticality of facilities, structures, and systems is evaluated on a composite matrix of specific projected casualty, economic, and sociopolitical impact bins. Based on these criteria, significant unidentified vulnerabilities are identified and secured. To provide insight into potential successes by malevolent actors,more » HOPS analysts strive to base their efforts mainly on unclassified open-source data. However, more cooperation is needed between HOPS analysts and facility representatives to provide an advantage to those whose task is to defend these facilities. Evaluated facilities include: refineries, major ports, nuclear power plants and other nuclear licensees, dams, government installations, convention centers, sports stadiums, tourist venues, and public and freight transportation systems. A generalized summary of analyses of U.S. infrastructure facilities will be presented.« less

Analysis of risk factors for infections with gastrointestinal nematodes, Eimeria spp. and lungworms in German organic sheep farms.

PubMed

Kern, Gesche; Traulsen, Imke; Kemper, Nicole; Krieter, Joachim

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine the risk factors influencing the occurrence of parasitic infections in organic sheep farms in Germany. Therefore, 635 pooled faecal samples from sheep kept on 20 organic farms were collected and examined by standard parasitological analyses for gastrointestinal nematodes (GINs), Eimeria species (spp.) and liver flukes (Fasciola hepatica). Additionally, 128 double-pooled samples were analysed for lungworm larvae. In 60.5% of all samples, parasite stadiums were detected, and 38.3% of the double-pooled samples were lungworm-positive. Production period, months and year of sampling had significant effects on infections with GINs (p < 0.05). The prevalence of GIN infection was lowest in 'dairy'(40.0%) when compared with'meat'sheep (65.4%). The odds of being infected with Eimeria spp. was influenced by the month (p < 0.05). The number of ewes on a farm, the primary purpose or the grazing area showed no significant effects. Infections with lungworms occurred in tendency more often 'after' lambing period.

Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP): Using the CBP Software Toolbox to Simulate Sulfate Attack and Carbonation of Concrete Structures - 13481

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, K.G.; Kosson, D.S.; Garrabrants, A.C.

2013-07-01

The Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) Project is a multi-disciplinary, multi-institutional collaboration supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Tank Waste Management. The CBP project has developed a set of integrated modeling tools and leaching test methods to help improve understanding and prediction of the long-term hydraulic and chemical performance of cementitious materials used in nuclear applications. State-of-the-art modeling tools, including LeachXS{sup TM}/ORCHESTRA and STADIUM{sup R}, were selected for their demonstrated abilities to simulate reactive transport and degradation in cementitious materials. The new U.S. Environmental Protection Agency leaching test methods based on the Leaching Environmental Assessment Framework (LEAF), nowmore » adopted as part of the SW-846 RCRA methods, have been used to help make the link between modeling and experiment. Although each of the CBP tools has demonstrated utility as a standalone product, coupling the models over relevant spatial and temporal solution domains can provide more accurate predictions of cementitious materials behavior over relevant periods of performance. The LeachXS{sup TM}/ORCHESTRA and STADIUM{sup R} models were first linked to the GoldSim Monte Carlo simulator to better and more easily characterize model uncertainties and as a means to coupling the models allowing linking to broader performance assessment evaluations that use CBP results for a source term. Two important degradation scenarios were selected for initial demonstration: sulfate ingress / attack and carbonation of cementitious materials. When sufficient sulfate is present in the pore solution external to a concrete barrier, sulfate can diffuse into the concrete, react with the concrete solid phases, and cause cracking that significantly changes the transport and structural properties of the concrete. The penetration of gaseous carbon dioxide within partially saturated concrete usually initiates a series of carbonation reactions with both dissolved ions and the hydrated cement paste. The carbonation process itself does not have a negative effect, per se, on the paste physical properties and can even result in reduced porosity and can help form a protective layer at the surface of concrete. However, carbonation has been shown to increase leaching of some constituents and can potentially have a detrimental effect on reinforced concrete structures by lowering pH to ca. 9 and de-passivating embedded steel (e.g. rebar) and accelerating corrosion, which are important processes related to high-level waste tank integrity and closure evaluations. The use of the CBP Software Toolbox to simulate these important degradation phenomena for both concrete vaults and high-level waste tanks are demonstrated in this paper. (authors)« less

Validation of a modified Medical Resource Model for mass gatherings.

PubMed

Smith, Wayne P; Tuffin, Heather; Stratton, Samuel J; Wallis, Lee A

2013-02-01

A modified Medical Resource Model to predict the medical resources required at mass gatherings based on the risk profile of events has been developed. This study was undertaken to validate this tool using data from events held in both a developed and a developing country. A retrospective study was conducted utilizing prospectively gathered data from individual events at Old Trafford Stadium in Manchester, United Kingdom, and Ellis Park Stadium, Johannesburg, South Africa. Both stadia are similar in design and spectator capacity. Data for Professional Football as well as Rugby League and Rugby Union (respectively) matches were used for the study. The medical resources predicted for the events were determined by entering the risk profile of each of the events into the Medical Resource Model. A recently developed South African tool was used to predetermine medical staffing for mass gatherings. For the study, the medical resources actually required to deal with the patient load for events within the control sample from the two stadia were compared with the number of needed resources predicted by the Medical Resource Model when that tool was applied retrospectively to the study events. The comparison was used to determine if the newly developed tool was either over- or under-predicting the resource requirements. In the case of Ellis Park, the model under-predicted the basic life support (BLS) requirement for 1.5% of the events in the data set. Mean over-prediction was 209.1 minutes for BLS availability. Old Trafford displayed no events for which the Medical Resource Model would have under-predicted. The mean over-prediction of BLS availability for Old Trafford was 671.6 minutes. The intermediate life support (ILS) requirement for Ellis Park was under-predicted for seven of the total 66 events (10.6% of the events), all of which had one factor in common, that being relatively low spectator attendance numbers. Modelling for ILS at Old Trafford did not under-predict for any events. The ILS requirements showed a mean over-prediction of 161.4 minutes ILS availability for Ellis Park compared with 425.2 minutes for Old Trafford. Of the events held at Ellis Park, the Medical Resource Model under-predicted the ambulance requirement in 4.5% of the events. For Old Trafford events, the under-prediction was higher: 7.5% of cases. The medical resources that are deployed at a mass gathering should best match the requirement for patient care at a particular event. An important consideration for any model is that it does not continually under-predict the resources required in relation to the actual requirement. With the exception of a specific subset of events at Ellis Park, the rate of under-prediction for this model was acceptable.

Conservative treatment of patellofemoral subluxation.

PubMed

Henry, J H

1989-04-01

As pointed out in the preface of this book, patellofemoral subluxation is probably the most common knee problem seen in many orthopedists' offices today. Whereas the other authors have emphasized the anatomy and diagnosis, this article should serve as a dry but basic instruction on the exercise program that has been used in our clinic. We have had a success rate with this program of approximately 80 per cent. Certainly not all of the 20 per cent that fail require surgery. The classic exercises are quadricep sets, straight leg raises, hip abductors, hip adductors, hip flexors, and hamstring stretches, which have endured the test of time. The prevention of flexion extension activity, such as running the stadium stairs in order to strengthen the quadriceps of the patient with patellofemoral subluxation should be emphasized. Complications of conservative treatment, such as low back pain, iliopsoas tendinitis, and muscle soreness and the treatment of these is described. Finally, the importance of stretching the hamstring muscles is a cornerstone in the treatment of patellofemoral problems. Likewise, a tight IT band can put abnormal stress on the lateral aspect of the patella. In this article I have tried to point out our approach to conservative treatment of patellofemoral subluxation.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-01

This photograph shows Justin Varnadore, son of a Marshall TV employee, at the controls of one of the many displays within the Starship 2040 exhibit on display at Joe Davis Stadium in Huntsville, Alabama. Developed by the Space Transportation Directorate at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the Starship 2040 exhibit is housed in a 48-ft (14.6-m) tractor and trailer rig, permitting it to travel around the Nation, demonstrating NASA's vision of what commercial spaceflight might be like 40 years from now. All the irnovations suggested aboard the exhibit (automated vehicle health monitoring systems, high-energy propulsion drive, navigational aids, and emergency and safety systems) are based on concepts and technologies now being studied at NASA Centers and partner institutions around the Nation. NASA is the Nation's premier agency for development of the space transportation system, including future-generation reusable launch vehicles. Such systems, the keys to a "real" Starship 2040, require revolutionary advances in critical aerospace technologies, from thermal, magnetic, chemical, and propellantless propulsion systems to new energy sources such as space solar power or antimatter propulsion. These and other advances are now being studied, developed, and tested at NASA field centers and partner institutions all over the Nation.

Tobacco and the law: the state of the art.

PubMed

Howard, G

1996-01-01

Litigation has become a major weapon in the conflict between those who seek to control tobacco and the tobacco industry. Apart from the cases arising from the high proportion of fires caused by cigarettes (including, in the UK, the disastrous fire at the Bradford football stadium and the fire at Kings Cross railway station, both of which were caused by discarded cigarette butts), in the last few years there have been and are continuing major lawsuits against the tobacco manufacturers both in the USA and in the UK. In Australia, a Court has ruled that the tobacco industry's claims that passive smoke had not been proven to cause a variety of diseases were false and misleading. A Quebec judge ruled as unconstitutional a Canadian law which had banned tobacco advertising. A product liability suit was filed against cigarette manufacturers by airline flight attendants whose health, they alleged, was impaired by exposure to passive smoke. To date, attempts to win damages from the manufacturers for injuries caused by smoking have failed, but several group actions are pending in the courts in England and the USA. The cases to date demonstrate the range and importance of tobacco control issues now being considered by the Courts.

A 50 kilowatt distributed grid-connected photovoltaic generation system for the University of Wyoming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chowdhury, B.H.; Muknahallipatna, S.; Cupal, J.J.

The University of Wyoming (UW) campus is serving as the site for a 50 kilowatt solar photovoltaic (PV) system. Three sub-systems were sited and built on the UW campus in 1996. The first sub-system, a 10 kW roof-integrated system of PV roof tiles is located on the roof of the Engineering building. The second sub-system--a 5 kW rack-mounted, ballasted PV system is on a walkway roof of the Engineering building. The third sub-system is a 35 kW shade structure system and located adjacent to the parking lot of the university`s football stadium. The three sub-systems differ in their design strategymore » since each is being used for research and education at the university. Each sub-system, being located at some distance away from one another, supplies a different part of the campus grid. Efforts continue at setting up a central monitoring system which will receive data remotely from all locations. A part of this monitoring system is complete. While the initial monitoring data shows satisfactory performance, a number of reliability problems with PV modules and inverters have delayed full functionality of the system.« less

US Public Opinion on Carrying Firearms in Public Places.

PubMed

Wolfson, Julia A; Teret, Stephen P; Azrael, Deborah; Miller, Matthew

2017-06-01

To estimate US public opinion, overall and by gun ownership status, about the public places where legal gun owners should be allowed to carry firearms. We fielded an online survey among 3949 adults, including an oversample of gun owners and veterans, in April 2015. We used cross-tabulations with survey weights to generate nationally representative estimates. Fewer than 1 in 3 US adults supported gun carrying in any of the specified venues. Support for carrying in public was consistently higher among gun owners than among non-gun owners. Overall, support for carrying in public was lowest for schools (19%; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 16.7, 21.1), bars (18%; 95% CI = 15.9, 20.6), and sports stadiums (17%; 95% CI = 15.0, 19.5). Most Americans, including most gun owners, support restricting public places legal gun owners can carry firearms. These views contrast sharply with the current trend in state legislatures of expanding where, how, and by whom guns can be carried in public. Recent state laws and proposed federal legislation that would force states to honor out-of-state concealed carry permits are out of step with American public opinion.

Structural vibration passive control and economic analysis of a high-rise building in Beijing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yongqi; Cao, Tiezhu; Ma, Liangzhe; Luo, Chaoying

2009-12-01

Performance analysis of the Pangu Plaza under earthquake and wind loads is described in this paper. The plaza is a 39-story steel high-rise building, 191 m high, located in Beijing close to the 2008 Olympic main stadium. It has both fluid viscous dampers (FVDs) and buckling restrained braces or unbonded brace (BRB or UBB) installed. A repeated iteration procedure in its design and analysis was adopted for optimization. Results from the seismic response analysis in the horizontal and vertical directions show that the FVDs are highly effective in reducing the response of both the main structure and the secondary system. A comparative analysis of structural seismic performance and economic impact was conducted using traditional methods, i.e., increased size of steel columns and beams and/or use of an increased number of seismic braces versus using FVD. Both the structural response and economic analysis show that using FVD to absorb seismic energy not only satisfies the Chinese seismic design code for a “rare” earthquake, but is also the most economical way to improve seismic performance both for one-time direct investment and long term maintenance.

Study of recreational land and open space using Skylab imagery. [Michigan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sattinger, I. J. (Principal Investigator)

1974-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. Sl90B color photography has adequate resolution to detect or identify many natural and cultural features which are significant for the evaluation of recreational land and open space. The effectiveness of the interpretation could be improved if coverage were obtained at two or three different seasons so that indicators such as seasonal changes in vegetation cover or snow enhancement could aid the interpretation of land use and land cover. The degree of detail which can be observed from Sl90B photography makes it useful for the following purposes: (1) Photography can be used to obtain general familiarity with a large regional area, and to study interrelationships of major natural and cultural features within the area. (2) Existing recreational facilities such as golf courses, parks, stadiums, race tracks, and marinas can be detected and identified. (3) The photography can be used for initial selection of recreation sites. (4) It would also indicate trends in population growth, which constitute one type of information needed in estimating the growth of recreation demand. The photography has only limited use for planning individual site planning of parks, golf courses, and other recreation facilities.

Experiments with BECs in a Painted Potential: Atom SQUID, Matter Wave Bessel Beams, and Matter Wave Circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boshier, Malcolm; Ryu, Changhyun; Blackburn, Paul; Blinova, Alina; Henderson, Kevin

2014-05-01

The painted potential is a time-averaged optical dipole potential which is able to create arbitrary and dynamic two dimensional potentials for Bose Einstein condensates (BECs). This poster reports three recent experiments using this technique. First, we have realized the dc atom SQUID geometry of a BEC in a toroidal trap with two Josephson junctions. We observe Josephson effects, measure the critical current of the junctions, and find dynamic behavior that is in good agreement with the simple Josephson equations for a tunnel junction with the ideal sinusoidal current-phase relation expected for the parameters of the experiment. Second, we have used free expansion of a rotating toroidal BEC to create matter wave Bessel beams, which are of interest because perfect Bessel beams (plane waves with amplitude profiles described by Bessel functions) propagate without diffraction. Third, we have realized the basic circuit elements necessary to create complex matter wave circuits. We launch BECs at arbitrary velocity along straight waveguides, propagate them around curved waveguides and stadium-shaped waveguide traps, and split them coherently at y-junctions that can also act as switches. Supported by LANL/LDRD.

Bodies that differ: mid- and upper-class women and the quest for "Greekness" in female bodily culture (1896-1940).

PubMed

Fournaraki, Eleni

2010-01-01

This article discusses different expressions of mid- and upper-class Greek women's use of classical antiquity in relation to female bodily culture. It focuses on two cases, connected with successive phases of the collective women's action in Greece. The first case concerns principally the conjuncture of the Athens Olympic Games of 1896. The games offered the opportunity to the Ladies' Journal, the weekly that gave expression to the first feminist group in Greece and its leading figure, C. Parren, to put forward a discourse which, by constructing a specific image of the ancient Heraia games for 'maidens', 'invents' a specific athletic-competitive 'tradition' on behalf of Greek women of their social class. The second case rejoins the same circle of women principally in the interwar years as leading figures of the Lyceum of Greek Women, the organization which distinguished itself by juxtaposing to the newly formed militant feminist organizations its 'hellenic-worthy' activity, by organizing monumental festivals in the Panathenaic Stadium, which, through displays of 'national' dances - folk and 'ancient' dances - and other ritual events, performed the 'tradition' of the nation from prehistory until today.

KSC-2014-2493

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-05-10

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Doug Lenhardt, Kennedy Space Center's Exploration Flight Test-1, or EFT-1, mission integration manager, and the San Diego Padres mascot wave at the crowds at Petco Field in San Diego, California before the start of the baseball game. The Orion boilerplate test vehicle is on display in the stadium. The boilerplate test vehicle is being prepared for an EFT-1 pre-transportation test. The Ground Systems Development and Operations Program will run the test at the U.S. Naval Base San Diego to simulate retrieval and transportation procedures for Orion after it splashes down in the ocean and is retrieved for return to land and ground transportation back to Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Orion is the exploration spacecraft designed to carry astronauts to destinations not yet explored by humans, including an asteroid and Mars. It will have emergency abort capability, sustain the crew during space travel and provide safe re-entry from deep space return velocities. The first unpiloted test flight of the Orion is scheduled to launch later this year atop a Delta IV rocket and in 2017 on NASA’s Space Launch System rocket. For more information, visit http://www.nasa.gov/orion. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Starship 2040 Exhibit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

This photograph shows Justin Varnadore, son of a Marshall TV employee, at the controls of one of the many displays within the Starship 2040 exhibit on display at Joe Davis Stadium in Huntsville, Alabama. Developed by the Space Transportation Directorate at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), the Starship 2040 exhibit is housed in a 48-ft (14.6-m) tractor and trailer rig, permitting it to travel around the Nation, demonstrating NASA's vision of what commercial spaceflight might be like 40 years from now. All the irnovations suggested aboard the exhibit (automated vehicle health monitoring systems, high-energy propulsion drive, navigational aids, and emergency and safety systems) are based on concepts and technologies now being studied at NASA Centers and partner institutions around the Nation. NASA is the Nation's premier agency for development of the space transportation system, including future-generation reusable launch vehicles. Such systems, the keys to a 'real' Starship 2040, require revolutionary advances in critical aerospace technologies, from thermal, magnetic, chemical, and propellantless propulsion systems to new energy sources such as space solar power or antimatter propulsion. These and other advances are now being studied, developed, and tested at NASA field centers and partner institutions all over the Nation.

Physical and situational inequality on airplanes predicts air rage

PubMed Central

DeCelles, Katherine A.; Norton, Michael I.

2016-01-01

We posit that the modern airplane is a social microcosm of class-based society, and that the increasing incidence of “air rage” can be understood through the lens of inequality. Research on inequality typically examines the effects of relatively fixed, macrostructural forms of inequality, such as socioeconomic status; we examine how temporary exposure to both physical and situational inequality, induced by the design of environments, can foster antisocial behavior. We use a complete set of all onboard air rage incidents over several years from a large, international airline to test our predictions. Physical inequality on airplanes—that is, the presence of a first class cabin—is associated with more frequent air rage incidents in economy class. Situational inequality—boarding from the front (requiring walking through the first class cabin) versus the middle of the plane—also significantly increases the odds of air rage in both economy and first class. We show that physical design that highlights inequality can trigger antisocial behavior on airplanes. More broadly, these results point to the importance of considering the design of environments—from airplanes to office layouts to stadium seating—in understanding both the form and emergence of antisocial behavior. PMID:27140642

Ten Years and 1 Master Settlement Agreement Later: The Nature and Frequency of Alcohol and Tobacco Promotion in Televised Sports, 2000 Through 2002

PubMed Central

Zwarun, Lara

2006-01-01

Objectives. I sought to identify what kinds of promotion for alcohol and tobacco products are found in televised sports programming, as well as how frequently they occur. I compared my findings with data from 5 and 10 years earlier to examine the effects of the Master Settlement Agreement and detect industry trends. Method. A content analysis of more than 83 hours of televised sports programming from 2000 through 2002 was conducted. Composite week sampling was used to ensure results were representative of the overall population of television sports programs. Programs were examined for traditional advertising (commercials) and nontraditional advertising (stadium signs, announcer voiceovers, etc.). Results. Rates of certain types of alcohol advertising have decreased, but what remains is strategically chosen to increase the likelihood of audience exposure. Despite the Master Settlement Agreement, tobacco advertising remains prevalent in many sports. A new trend of placing alcohol and tobacco brand names in commercials for other products is evident. Conclusions. Alcohol and tobacco marketers appear able to cleverly adapt to advertising challenges, such as digital video recorders and legislation. Alcohol and tobacco brands remain visible on sports programming. PMID:16809598

Ten years and 1 master settlement agreement later: the nature and frequency of alcohol and tobacco promotion in televised sports, 2000 through 2002.

PubMed

Zwarun, Lara

2006-08-01

I sought to identify what kinds of promotion for alcohol and tobacco products are found in televised sports programming, as well as how frequently they occur. I compared my findings with data from 5 and 10 years earlier to examine the effects of the Master Settlement Agreement and detect industry trends. Method. A content analysis of more than 83 hours of televised sports programming from 2000 through 2002 was conducted. Composite week sampling was used to ensure results were representative of the overall population of television sports programs. Programs were examined for traditional advertising (commercials) and nontraditional advertising (stadium signs, announcer voiceovers, etc.). Rates of certain types of alcohol advertising have decreased, but what remains is strategically chosen to increase the likelihood of audience exposure. Despite the Master Settlement Agreement, tobacco advertising remains prevalent in many sports. A new trend of placing alcohol and tobacco brand names in commercials for other products is evident. Alcohol and tobacco marketers appear able to cleverly adapt to advertising challenges, such as digital video recorders and legislation. Alcohol and tobacco brands remain visible on sports programming.

The evacuation of cairns hospitals due to severe tropical cyclone Yasi.

PubMed

Little, Mark; Stone, Theona; Stone, Richard; Burns, Jan; Reeves, Jim; Cullen, Paul; Humble, Ian; Finn, Emmeline; Aitken, Peter; Elcock, Mark; Gillard, Noel

2012-09-01

On February 2, 2011, Tropical Cyclone Yasi, the largest cyclone to cross the Australian coast and a system the size of Hurricane Katrina, threatened the city of Cairns. As a result, the Cairns Base Hospital (CBH) and Cairns Private Hospital (CPH) were both evacuated, the hospitals were closed, and an alternate emergency medical center was established in a sports stadium 15 km from the Cairns central business district. This article describes the events around the evacuation of 356 patients, staff, and relatives to Brisbane (approximately 1,700 km away by road), closure of the hospitals, and the provision of a temporary emergency medical center for 28 hours during the height of the cyclone. Our experience highlights the need for adequate and exercised hospital evacuation plans; the need for clear command and control with identified decision-makers; early decision-making on when to evacuate; having good communication systems with redundancy; ensuring that patients are adequately identified and tracked and have their medications and notes; ensuring adequate staff, medications, and oxygen for holding patients; and planning in detail the alternate medical facility safety and its role, function, and equipment. © 2012 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Evaluation of Melanogenesis in A-375 Cells in the Presence of DMSO and Analysis of Pyrolytic Profile of Isolated Melanin

PubMed Central

Chodurek, Ewa; Orchel, Arkadiusz; Orchel, Joanna; Kurkiewicz, Sławomir; Gawlik, Natalia; Dzierżewicz, Zofia; Stępień, Krystyna

2012-01-01

The increase of a skin malignant melanoma (melanoma malignum) incidence in the world has been observed in recent years. The tumour, especially in advanced stadium with metastases, is highly resistant to conventional treatment. One of the strategies is to modulate melanogenesis using chemical compounds. In this study, the processes of differentiation and melanogenesis induced by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) in human melanoma cells (A-375) were investigated. Natural melanin isolated from A-375 melanoma cell line treated with 0.3% DMSO was analyzed by pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) method. The products derived from pheomelanin have not been stated in the pyrolytic profile of analyzed melanin. Within all products derived from eumelanins, 1,2-benzenediol has been predominated. It has been shown that in the melanoma cells stimulated with 0.3% and 1% DMSO, the increase of transcriptional activity of the tyrosinase gene took place. It was accompanied by the rise of tyrosinase activity and an accumulation of melanin in the cells. The better knowledge about the structure of melanins can contribute to establish the uniform criteria of malignant melanoma morbidity risk. PMID:22654640

A Roof for the Lion's House

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Fans of the National Football League's Detroit Lions don't worry about gameday weather. Their magnificent new Pontiac Stadium has a domed, air-supported, fabric roof that admits light but protects the playing field and patrons from the elements. The 80,000-seat "Silverdome" is the world's largest fabric-covered structure-and aerospace technology played an important part in its construction. The key to economical construction of the Silverdome-and many other types of buildings-is a spinoff of fiber glass Beta yarn coated with Teflon TFE fluorocarbon resin. The big advance it offers is permanency. Fabric structures-tents, for example have been around since the earliest years of human civilization. But their coverings-hides, canvas and more recently plastics-were considered temporary; though tough, these fabrics were subject to weather deterioration. Teflon TFE-coated Beta Fiberglas is virtually impervious to the effects of weather and sunlight and it won't stretch, shrink, mildew or rot, thus has exceptional longevity; it is also very strong, lightweight, flame resistant and requires no periodic cleaning, because dirt will not stick to the surface of Teflon TFE. And to top all that, it costs only 30 to 40 percent as much as conventional roofing.

CEMENTITIOUS BARRIERS PARTNERSHIP FY13 MID-YEAR REPORT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burns, H.; Flach, G.; Langton, C.

2013-05-01

In FY2013, the Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) is continuing in its effort to develop and enhance software tools demonstrating tangible progress toward fulfilling the objective of developing a set of tools to improve understanding and prediction of the long-term structural, hydraulic and chemical performance of cementitious barriers used in nuclear applications. In FY2012, the CBP released the initial inhouse “Beta-version” of the CBP Software Toolbox, a suite of software for simulating reactive transport in cementitious materials and important degradation phenomena. The current primary software components are LeachXS/ORCHESTRA, STADIUM, and a GoldSim interface for probabilistic analysis of selected degradation scenarios. THAMESmore » is a planned future CBP Toolbox component (FY13/14) focused on simulation of the microstructure of cementitious materials and calculation of resultant hydraulic and constituent mass transfer parameters needed in modeling. This past November, the CBP Software Toolbox Version 1.0 was released that supports analysis of external sulfate attack (including damage mechanics), carbonation, and primary constituent leaching. The LeachXS component embodies an extensive material property measurements database along with chemical speciation and reactive mass transport simulation cases with emphasis on leaching of major, trace and radionuclide constituents from cementitious materials used in DOE facilities, such as Saltstone (Savannah River) and Cast Stone (Hanford), tank closure grouts, and barrier concretes. STADIUM focuses on the physical and structural service life of materials and components based on chemical speciation and reactive mass transport of major cement constituents and aggressive species (e.g., chloride, sulfate, etc.). The CBP issued numerous reports and other documentation that accompanied the “Version 1.0” release including a CBP Software Toolbox User Guide and Installation Guide. These documents, as well as, the presentations from the CBP Software Toolbox Demonstration and User Workshop, which are briefly described below, can be accessed from the CBP webpage at http://cementbarriers.org/. The website was recently modified to describe the CBP Software Toolbox and includes an interest form for application to use the software. The CBP FY13 program is continuing research to improve and enhance the simulation tools as well as develop new tools that model other key degradation phenomena not addressed in Version 1.0. Also efforts to continue to verify the various simulation tools thru laboratory experiments and analysis of field specimens are ongoing to quantify and reduce the uncertainty associated with performance assessments are ongoing. This mid-year report also includes both a summary on the FY13 software accomplishments in addition to the release of Version 1.0 of the CBP Software Toolbox and the various experimental programs that are providing data for calibration and validation of the CBP developed software. The focus this year for experimental studies was to measure transport in cementitious material by utilization of a leaching method and reduction capacity of saltstone field samples. Results are being used to calibrate and validate the updated carbonation model.« less

Earth Observations taken by the Expedition 14 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-30

ISS014-E-10547 (30 Dec. 2006) --- Barcelona, Spain is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 14 crewmember on the International Space Station. Barcelona occupies a low plateau along the Mediterranean coastal plain. The city is the second largest in Spain (after the capital of Madrid), and hosts the country's largest seaport (portions of which are visible at lower right). This detailed view captures several notable features of the Barcelona urban landscape. The architectural design of the Eixample district (center) displays a grid pattern distinctive for Barcelona. Built during the 19th and 20th centuries, the district was built with octagonal city blocks -- originally intended to be open structures of only two or three sides surrounding gardens and open space. While the original street grid pattern remains, today many of the octagonal blocks are completely built up. The adjacent Cuitat Vella, or old city, presents a much denser building pattern which dates from Roman times. Also visible at lower right is the 173-meter high Montjuic Mountain -- historically the location of fortresses due to its strategic position overlooking the city's harbor. Light tan and orange structures visible at the crest of the mountain include the stadium and other buildings used in the 1992 Summer Olympic Games at Barcelona.

A methodology based on insecticide impregnated filter paper for monitoring resistance to deltamethrin in Triatoma infestans field populations.

PubMed

Remón, C; Lobbia, P; Zerba, E; Mougabure-Cueto, G

2017-12-01

The domiciliary presence of Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) after control interventions was reported in recent years. Toxicological studies showed high levels of resistance to pyrethroids suggesting resistance as one of the main causes of deficient control. The aim of the present study was to develop a protocol to test resistance to deltamethrin in T. infestans collected from the field by discriminate concentration. To evaluate field insects, the effect of age (early vs. later) and nutritional state (starved vs. fed) on the deltamethrin susceptibility of each developmental stage was studied. Topical and insecticide impregnated paper bioassays were used. Using the impregnated paper, the susceptibility to deltamethrin was not affected by the age of the stadium and the nutritional states, and varied with the post-exposure time and with the different developmental stages. A discriminant concentration of deltamethrin (0.36% w/v) impregnated in filter paper was established for all developmental stages. Finally, the methodology and the discriminant concentration were evaluated in the laboratory showing high sensitivity in the discrimination of resistance. The present study developed a methodology of exposure to insecticide impregnated papers and proposes a protocol to test T. infestans in field populations with the aim to detect early evolution of resistance to deltamethrin. © 2017 The Royal Entomological Society.

Micro Droplets of non-Newtonian Solutions in Silicone Oil Flow through a Hydrophobic Micro Cross-Junction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rostami, B.; Morini, G. L.

2017-11-01

In this paper the generation of non-Newtonian droplets of aqueous Xanthan gum solution (0.3, 0.5 wt%) in a silicone oil flow through a micro cross-junction is experimentally analyzed. A commercial glass cross-junction microchip with hydrophobic walls has been employed to study the droplet generation mechanism. The cross-section of the channel is stadium-shaped, the width of the junction varies between 195 to 390 μm while the height of the channel is fixed at 190 μm. Tween 20 (2 wt%), as a surfactant, has been added to the dispersed phase to avoid the coalescence of the droplets and to enhance the droplet formation. With the aim to follow the time evolution of the droplets inside the channel a specific experimental setup has been implemented. The post-processing of the recorded images has been carried out by means of an “in-house” Matlab code. The typical flow patterns obtained by imposing different flow rates at the inlets of the cross-junction have been observed. The effect of the continuous and dispersed phase flow rates as well as the concentration of Xanthan gum solution on the main droplet characteristics has been studied in detail.

Damage Identification of Piles Based on Vibration Characteristics

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xiaozhong; Yao, Wenjuan; Chen, Bo; Liu, Dewen

2014-01-01

A method of damage identification of piles was established by using vibration characteristics. The approach focused on the application of the element strain energy and sensitive modals. A damage identification equation of piles was deduced using the structural vibration equation. The equation contained three major factors: change rate of element modal strain energy, damage factor of pile, and sensitivity factor of modal damage. The sensitive modals of damage identification were selected by using sensitivity factor of modal damage firstly. Subsequently, the indexes for early-warning of pile damage were established by applying the change rate of strain energy. Then the technology of computational analysis of wavelet transform was used to damage identification for pile. The identification of small damage of pile was completely achieved, including the location of damage and the extent of damage. In the process of identifying the extent of damage of pile, the equation of damage identification was used in many times. Finally, a stadium project was used as an example to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method of damage identification for piles. The correctness and practicability of the proposed method were verified by comparing the results of damage identification with that of low strain test. The research provided a new way for damage identification of piles. PMID:25506062

Integration agent-based models and GIS as a virtual urban dynamic laboratory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Peng; Liu, Miaolong

2007-06-01

Based on the Agent-based Model and spatial data model, a tight-coupling integrating method of GIS and Agent-based Model (ABM) is to be discussed in this paper. The use of object-orientation for both spatial data and spatial process models facilitates their integration, which can allow exploration and explanation of spatial-temporal phenomena such as urban dynamic. In order to better understand how tight coupling might proceed and to evaluate the possible functional and efficiency gains from such a tight coupling, the agent-based model and spatial data model are discussed, and then the relationships affecting spatial data model and agent-based process models interaction. After that, a realistic crowd flow simulation experiment is presented. Using some tools provided by general GIS systems and a few specific programming languages, a new software system integrating GIS and MAS as a virtual laboratory applicable for simulating pedestrian flows in a crowd activity centre has been developed successfully. Under the environment supported by the software system, as an applicable case, a dynamic evolution process of the pedestrian's flows (dispersed process for the spectators) in a crowds' activity center - The Shanghai Stadium has been simulated successfully. At the end of the paper, some new research problems have been pointed out for the future.

Houston, Galveston Bay, Texas, USA

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-10-07

51J-143-126 (5 Oct. 1985) --- The vertical stabilizer of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Atlantis serves to partially frame this scene of Metropolitan Houston. Hold photo with vertical tail at top so that north will be at top. America's fourth largest city, with its radiating highway network, lies at the junction between the East Texas piney woods, containing lakes Conroe and Livingston (near top center and top right, respectively), and the coastal prairie, now largely farmland (left side of frame). The coast stretches from the left at Freeport and the mouth of the Brazos River, past Galveston and Texas City, and the circle of the High Island Salt Dome (clearly seen at lower right near the Bolivar Peninsula), to Port Arthur on the Neches River (far right). Patterns of muddy and clear water are particularly well-displayed in Galveston and Trinity Bays, as well as in the Gulf of Mexico. With a close look, the Harris County Domed Stadium (Astrodome) can be recognized on Houston's south side. The NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) and the Clear Lake City area are easily delineated some 25 miles southeast of downtown Houston. The scene was recorded on film by one of the STS-51J crewmembers using a handheld Hasselblad camera and 70mm film.

Molecular cloning and structural characterization of Ecdysis Triggering Hormone from Choristoneura fumiferana.

PubMed

P, Bhagath Kumar; K, Kasi Viswanath; S, Tuleshwori Devi; R, Sampath Kumar; Doucet, Daniel; Retnakaran, Arthur; Krell, Peter J; Feng, Qili; Ampasala, Dinakara Rao

2016-07-01

At the end of each stadium, insects undergo a precisely orchestrated process known as ecdysis which results in the replacement of the old cuticle with a new one. This physiological event is necessary to accommodate growth in arthropods since they have a rigid chitinous exoskeleton. Ecdysis is initiated by the direct action of Ecdysis Triggering Hormones on the central nervous system. Choristoneura fumiferana is a major defoliator of coniferous forests in Eastern North America. It is assumed that, studies on the ecdysis behavior of this pest might lead to the development of novel pest management strategies. Hence in this study, the cDNA of CfETH was cloned. The open reading frame of the cDNA sequence was found to encode three putative peptides viz., Pre-Ecdysis Triggering Hormone (PETH), Ecdysis Triggering Hormone (ETH), and Ecdysis Triggering Hormone Associated Peptide (ETH-AP). The CfETH transcript was detected in the epidermal tissue of larval and pupal stages, but not in eggs and adults. In order to explore the structural conformation of ETH, ab initio modelling and Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulations were performed. Further, a library of insecticides was generated and virtual screening was performed to identify the compounds displaying high binding capacity to ETH. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Tectonic creep in the Hayward fault zone, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Radbruch-Hall, Dorothy H.; Bonilla, M.G.

1966-01-01

Tectonic creep is slight apparently continuous movement along a fault. Evidence of creep has been noted at several places within the Hayward fault zone--a zone trending northwestward near the western front of the hills bordering the east side of San Francisco Bay. D. H. Radbruch of the Geological Survey and B. J. Lennert, consulting engineer, confirmed a reported cracking of a culvert under the University of California stadium. F. B. Blanchard and C. L. Laverty of the East Bay Municipal Utility District of Oakland studied cracks in the Claremont water tunnel in Berkeley. M. G. Bonilla of the Geological Survey noted deformation of railroad tracks in the Niles district of Fremont. Six sets of tracks have been bent and shifted. L. S. Cluff of Woodward-Clyde-Sherard and Associates and K. V. Steinbrugge of the Pacific Fire Rating Bureau noted that the concrete walls of a warehouse in the Irvington district of Fremont have been bent and broken, and the columns forced out of line. All the deformations noted have been right lateral and range from about 2 inches in the Claremont tunnel to about 8 inches on the railroad tracks. Tectonic creep almost certainly will continue to damage buildings, tunnels, and other structures that cross the narrow bands of active movement within the Hayward fault zone.

Preparing for Euro 2012: developing a hazard risk assessment.

PubMed

Wong, Evan G; Razek, Tarek; Luhovy, Artem; Mogilevkina, Irina; Prudnikov, Yuriy; Klimovitskiy, Fedor; Yutovets, Yuriy; Khwaja, Kosar A; Deckelbaum, Dan L

2015-04-01

Risk assessment is a vital step in the disaster-preparedness continuum as it is the foundation of subsequent phases, including mitigation, response, and recovery. To develop a risk assessment tool geared specifically towards the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA) Euro 2012. In partnership with the Donetsk National Medical University, Donetsk Research and Development Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Donetsk Regional Public Health Administration, and the Ministry of Emergency of Ukraine, a table-based tool was created, which, based on historical evidence, identifies relevant potential threats, evaluates their impacts and likelihoods on graded scales based on previous available data, identifies potential mitigating shortcomings, and recommends further mitigation measures. This risk assessment tool has been applied in the vulnerability-assessment-phase of the UEFA Euro 2012. Twenty-three sub-types of potential hazards were identified and analyzed. Ten specific hazards were recognized as likely to very likely to occur, including natural disasters, bombing and blast events, road traffic collisions, and disorderly conduct. Preventative measures, such as increased stadium security and zero tolerance for impaired driving, were recommended. Mitigating factors were suggested, including clear, incident-specific preparedness plans and enhanced inter-agency communication. This hazard risk assessment tool is a simple aid in vulnerability assessment, essential for disaster preparedness and response, and may be applied broadly to future international events.

Influence of percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip® system on renal function in patients with severe mitral regurgitation.

PubMed

Rassaf, Tienush; Balzer, Jan; Rammos, Christos; Zeus, Tobias; Hellhammer, Katharina; v Hall, Silke; Wagstaff, Rabea; Kelm, Malte

2015-04-01

In patients with mitral regurgitation (MR), changes in cardiac stroke volume, and thus renal preload and afterload may affect kidney function. Percutaneous mitral valve repair (PMVR) with the MitraClip® system can be a therapeutic alternative to surgical valve repair. The influence of MitraClip® therapy on renal function and clinical outcome parameters is unknown. Sixty patients with severe MR underwent PMVR using the MitraClip® system in an open-label observational study. Patients were stratified according to their renal function. All clips have been implanted successfully. Effective reduction of MR by 2-3 grades acutely improved KDOQI class. Lesser MR reduction (MR reduction of 0-1 grades) led to worsening of renal function in patients with pre-existing normal or mild (KDOQI 1-2) compared to severe (KDOQI 3-4) renal dysfunction. Reduction of MR was associated with improvement in Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), NYHA-stadium, and 6-minute walk test. Successful PMVR was associated with an improvement in renal function. The improvement in renal function was associated with the extent of MR reduction and pre-existing kidney dysfunction. Our data emphasize the relevance of PVMR to stabilize the cardiorenal axis in patients with severe MR. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Planetary boundary layer height retrieval at UMBC in the frame of NOAA/ARL campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lolli, S.; Delgado, R.; Compton, J.; Hoff, R.

2011-11-01

The determination of the depth of daytime and nighttime Planetary Boundary Layer Height (PBLH) must be known very accurately to relate boundary layer concentrations of gases or particles to upstream fluxes. Moreover, the air quality forecasts rely upon semi-empirical parameterizations within numerical models for the description of dispersion, formation and fate of pollutants influenced by the spatial and temporal distribution of emissions in cities, topography, and weather. The particulate matter (PM) mass measured at the ground level is a common way to quantify the amount of aerosol particles in the atmosphere and is the standard used to evaluate air quality. Remote sensing of atmospheric aerosols in the lower troposphere that affect air quality is done at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County (UMBC) by the Atmospheric Lidar Group, that supported the joint NOAA/ARL and NCEP ad hoc field study. These campaigns launched radiosondes from Howard University (HU) (26.6km south of UMBC) and RFK Stadium (29.15 km south of UMBC) during September 14-22, 2009 to develop a database to investigate the evolution and spatial variability of the PBLH. In this paper, we examined the potential for continual observation of PBLH by performing a statistical comparison of the spatial and temporal resolution of PBLH from lidars, wind profiler, and radiosonde measurements

The Gillette Stadium Experience: A Retrospective Review of Mass Gathering Events From 2010 to 2015.

PubMed

Goldberg, Scott A; Maggin, Jeremy; Molloy, Michael S; Baker, Olesya; Sarin, Ritu; Kelleher, Michael; Mont, Kevin; Fajana, Adedeji; Goralnick, Eric

2018-03-19

Mass gathering events can substantially impact public safety. Analyzing patient presentation and transport rates at various mass gathering events can help inform staffing models and improve preparedness. A retrospective review of all patients seeking medical attention across a variety of event types at a single venue with a capacity of 68,756 from January 2010 through September 2015. We examined 232 events with a total of 8,260,349 attendees generating 8157 medical contacts. Rates were 10 presentations and 1.6 transports per 10,000 attendees with a non-significant trend towards increased rates in postseason National Football League games. Concerts had significantly higher rates of presentation and transport than all other event types. Presenting concern varied significantly by event type and gender, and transport rate increased predictably with age. For cold weather events, transport rates increased at colder temperatures. Overall, on-site physicians did not impact rates. At a single venue hosting a variety of events across a 6-year period, we demonstrated significant variations in presentation and transport rates. Weather, gender, event type, and age all play important roles. Our analysis, while representative only of our specific venue, may be useful in developing response plans and staffing models for similar mass gathering venues. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 7).

French Ministry of Health's response to Paris attacks of 13 November 2015.

PubMed

Philippe, Jean-Marc; Brahic, Olivier; Carli, Pierre; Tourtier, Jean-Pierre; Riou, Bruno; Vallet, Benoit

2016-04-01

On Friday November 13th at 9:20 pm, three kamikaze bombs went off around the Stade de France a stadium in Saint-Denis just outside Paris, 4 different shootings took place and bombings in Paris and hundreds of people were held hostage in a theater.This multi-site terrorist attack was the first of this magnitude in France. Drawing the lessons of these attacks and those which occurred in other countries from a health perspective is essential to continuously adapt and improve the French response to possible future attacks. Several issues would need to be further explored: Management of uncertainties: When to trigger the plans: after the 1st attack, the 2nd? When do attacks end and when to release mobilized resources? Management of victims: How to ensure that all victims are secured or taken care of? How to provide assistance when attacks are ongoing? Management of teams: Proper follow-up of persons involved in the response: health professionals, police and firemen, emergency call centers but also civil servants within administration that contributed to the response. Communication: Reactivity of all is a key element to secure appropriate resource is mobilized for the response. All actors have to be able to communicate quickly in a secured way.

Reproductive Biology and Functional Response of Dineulophus phtorimaeae, a Natural Enemy of the Tomato Moth, Tuta absoluta

PubMed Central

Savino, Vivina; Coviella, Carlos E.; Luna, María G.

2012-01-01

The tomato moth, Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a major pest in South America and is at present an important invasive species in the Mediterranean Basin. The larval stadium mines leaves, stems, and fruits, and chemical control is the most used control method in both its original range and the invaded distribution regions. Since current T. absoluta control strategies seem limited, biological control is a prominent tool to be applied abroad. The naturally occurring larval ectoparasitoid in Argentina and Chile Dineulophus phtorimaeae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) has been reported to have potential biocontrol efficiency. In this study, the ovigeny strategy of D. phtorimaeae was analyzed throughout the adult female lifetime, and the functional response of females offered a range of 2–15 T. absoluta larvae was measured over a 48-hour period. Mean D. phtorimaeae egg load was 4.15 eggs, and egg production resulted in extremely synovigenic behavior. Meanwhile, a decreasing number of eggs, due to resorption, was found. Proportions of attacked (host-fed and/or parasitized) and only host-fed hosts by the ectoparasitoid were density independent for the tested host range, exhibiting a type I functional response to T. absoluta, with an attack rate of 0.20 host larvae. Meanings of this reproductive strategy in evolutionary time as well as the consequences for augmentative biological control programs are discussed. PMID:23464576

Effects of context preexposure and delay until anxiety retrieval on generalization of contextual anxiety

PubMed Central

Neueder, Dorothea; Glotzbach-Schoon, Evelyn; Mühlberger, Andreas

2017-01-01

Animal studies suggest that time delay between acquisition and retrieval of contextual anxiety increases generalization. Moreover, such generalization is prevented by preexposure to the context (CTX), presumably due to an improved representation of such context. We investigated whether preexposure and time-passing modulate generalization of contextual anxiety, in humans. On Day 1, 42 participants (preexposure group) explored two virtual offices, while 41 participants (no-preexposure group) explored a virtual stadium. On Day 2 (24 h later), all participants learned to associate one office (CTX+) with unpredictable unconditioned stimuli (USs), and another office (CTX−) with safety. On Day 3, either 24 h (recent test) or 2 wk (remote test) later, participants revisited CTX− and CTX+ without USs, as well as a generalization context (G-CTX). Results revealed successfully conditioned anxiety and anxiety generalization for ratings (G-CTX was as aversive as CTX+ was), while safety generalization was found for startle responses (G-CTX elicited startle attenuation as CTX− did). Time between learning and testing enhanced generalization as reflected by comparable startle responses to all three offices in the remote test. Contextual preexposure facilitated extinction of explicit conditioned anxiety assessed with ratings. These results suggest that memory trace of a context degrades with passage of time in humans like in animals and, consequently, anxiety generalization enhances. After context preexposure, high cognitive processes seem to be crucially involved in facilitating extinction (or safety) learning. PMID:27980075

Fly eye radar or micro-radar sensor technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molchanov, Pavlo; Asmolova, Olga

2014-05-01

To compensate for its eye's inability to point its eye at a target, the fly's eye consists of multiple angularly spaced sensors giving the fly the wide-area visual coverage it needs to detect and avoid the threats around him. Based on a similar concept a revolutionary new micro-radar sensor technology is proposed for detecting and tracking ground and/or airborne low profile low altitude targets in harsh urban environments. Distributed along a border or around a protected object (military facility and buildings, camp, stadium) small size, low power unattended radar sensors can be used for target detection and tracking, threat warning, pre-shot sniper protection and provides effective support for homeland security. In addition it can provide 3D recognition and targets classification due to its use of five orders more pulses than any scanning radar to each space point, by using few points of view, diversity signals and intelligent processing. The application of an array of directional antennas eliminates the need for a mechanical scanning antenna or phase processor. It radically decreases radar size and increases bearing accuracy several folds. The proposed micro-radar sensors can be easy connected to one or several operators by point-to-point invisible protected communication. The directional antennas have higher gain, can be multi-frequency and connected to a multi-functional network. Fly eye micro-radars are inexpensive, can be expendable and will reduce cost of defense.

[COPD und Klangtherapie: Pilotstudie zur Wirksamkeit einer Behandlung mit Körpertambura bei COPD-Patienten].

PubMed

Hartwig, Bernhard; Schmidt, Stefan; Hartwig, Isabella

2016-01-01

Hintergrund: Erkrankungen der Atemorgane treten mit steigendem Alter öfter auf, nehmen weltweit zu und sind häufige Ursachen für Morbidität und Mortalität. In dieser Pilotstudie wurde der Frage nachgegangen, ob eine einmalige 10-minütige Behandlung mit einer Körpertambura eine signifikante und effektive Verbesserung der Lungenfunktion von Patienten mit chronisch-obstruktiver Lungenerkrankung (COPD; GOLD-Stadium A oder B) erbringen kann. Patienten und Methoden: 54 Probanden konnten je zur Hälfte in eine Behandlungsgruppe (Körpertambura) und eine aktive Kontrollgruppe (Atemtherapie) randomisiert werden. Eine Bestimmung der Lungenfunktionsmessparameter «Einsekundenkapazität» (FEV1) und «inspiratorische Vitalkapazität» (IVC) zu den Zeitpunkten T1 (Baseline), T2 (direkt nach Behandlung) und als Follow-up etwa 3 Wochen nach T1 (T3). Ergebnisse: Die Behandlungsgruppe zeigte sich der Kontrollgruppe in beiden Werten signifikant überlegen. Die Zeit-×-Gruppe-Interaktion (Varianzanalyse) ergab p = 0,001 (FEV1) bzw. p = 0,04 (IVC). Die Behandlungsgruppe zeigte bei beiden Werten eine Verbesserung von klinischer Relevanz. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Klangbehandlung mittels einer Körpertambura - neben den schulmedizinischen, leitliniengerechten Therapien - eine zusätzliche, nebenwirkungsarme, aber durchaus klinisch wirksame Option für die Behandlung von COPD-Patienten darstellen kann, um deren Lebensqualität zu stabilisieren und zu verbessern. © 2016 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

Prevalence, knowledge and attitude of prohibited substances use (doping) among Saudi sport players.

PubMed

Al Ghobain, M; Konbaz, M S; Almassad, A; Alsultan, A; Al Shubaili, M; AlShabanh, O

2016-04-16

To estimate the lifetime prevalence and address the attitudes and knowledge of using prohibited substances (doping) among sport players in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional survey carried out using systematic random sampling technique among Saudi players of variable sports attending the sport clubs, stadiums, and sport fields (70 sport clubs, 22 types of sports belong to 22 Saudi sport federations were visted in 18 cities from all regions of Saudi Arabia). A total of 1142 male sport players were interviewed with main age of 24. The prevalence of using prohibited substances (doping) was 4.3 %. The main reason for using prohibited substances was to improve performance (69 %). The prevalence of using food supplements (not prohibited) was 38.4 %. Among the players, 30 % of them believe that such behavior is against the spirit of sport while 70 % of the players are aware of punishment against doping. 65 % of players admitted that they received advice on prohibited substances. Higher rate of using prohibited substances (doping) among Saudi players was associated with low education, age below 20 years, previous use of food supplements and lack of punishment awareness. Using prohibited substances (doping) among Saudi sport players is common. Players believe that such use is against the spirit of the sport and they are aware about its punishment, despite this, they are still using prohibited substances.

Impact of Early Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Patients with Acute HIV Infection in Vienna, Austria

PubMed Central

Herout, Sandra; Mandorfer, Mattias; Breitenecker, Florian; Reiberger, Thomas; Grabmeier-Pfistershammer, Katharina; Rieger, Armin; Aichelburg, Maximilian C.

2016-01-01

Background It is unclear whether antiretroviral therapy (ART) should be initiated during acute HIV infection. Most recent data provides evidence of benefits of early ART. Methods We retrospectively compared the clinical and immunological course of individuals with acute HIV infection, who received ART within 3 months (group A) or not (group B) after diagnosis. Results Among the 84 individuals with acute HIV infection, 57 (68%) received ART within 3 months (A) whereas 27 (32%) did not receive ART within 3 months (B), respectively. Clinical progression to CDC stadium B or C within 5 years after the diagnosis of HIV was less common in (A) when compared to (B) (P = 0.002). After twelve months, both the mean increase in CD4+ T cell count and the mean decrease in viral load was more pronounced in (A), when compared to (B) (225 vs. 87 cells/μl; P = 0.002 and -4.19 vs. -1.14 log10 copies/mL; P<0.001). Twenty-four months after diagnosis the mean increase from baseline of CD4+ T cells was still higher in group A compared to group B (251 vs. 67 cells/μl, P = 0.004). Conclusions Initiation of ART during acute HIV infection is associated with a lower probability of clinical progression to more advanced CDC stages and significant immunological benefits. PMID:27065239

Reconstruction of peripheral nerves using acellular nerve grafts with implanted cultured Schwann cells.

PubMed

Frerichs, Onno; Fansa, Hisham; Schicht, Christoph; Wolf, Gerald; Schneider, Wolfgang; Keilhoff, Gerburg

2002-01-01

The bridging of nerve gaps is still one of the major problems in peripheral nerve surgery. The present experiment describes our attempt to engineer different biologic nerve grafts in a rat sciatic nerve model: cultured isogenic Schwann cells were implanted into 2-cm autologous acellular nerve grafts or autologous predegenerated nerve grafts. Autologous nerve grafts and predegenerated or acellular nerve grafts without implanted Schwann cells served as controls. The regenerated nerves were assessed histologically and morphometrically after 6 weeks. Predegenerated grafts showed results superior in regard to axon count and histologic appearance in comparison to standard grafts and acellular grafts. The acellular nerve grafts showed the worst histologic picture, but axon counts were in the range of standard grafts. The implantation of Schwann cells did not yield significant improvements in any group. In conclusion, the status of activation of Schwann cells and the stadium of Wallerian degeneration in a nerve graft might be key factors for regeneration, rather than total number of Schwann cells. Predegenerated nerve grafts are therefore superior to standard grafts in the rat model. Acellular grafts are able to bridge nerve gaps of up to 2 cm in the rat model, but even the addition of cultivated Schwann cells did not lead to results as good as in the group with autologous nerve grafts. Copyright 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc. MICROSURGERY 22:311-315 2002

Evaluation of location and number of aid post for sustainable humanitarian relief using agent based modeling (ABM) and geographic information system (GIS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khair, Fauzi; Sopha, Bertha Maya

2017-12-01

One of the crucial phases in disaster management is the response phase or the emergency response phase. It requires a sustainable system and a well-integrated management system. Any errors in the system on this phase will impact on significant increase of the victims number as well as material damage caused. Policies related to the location of aid posts are important decisions. The facts show that there are many failures in the process of providing assistance to the refugees due to lack of preparation and determination of facilities and aid post location. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the number and location of aid posts on Merapi eruption in 2010. This study uses an integration between Agent Based Modeling (ABM) and Geographic Information System (GIS) about evaluation of the number and location of the aid post using some scenarios. The ABM approach aims to describe the agents behaviour (refugees and volunteers) in the event of a disaster with their respective characteristics. While the spatial data, GIS useful to describe real condition of the Sleman regency road. Based on the simulation result, it shows alternative scenarios that combine DERU UGM post, Maguwoharjo Stadium, Tagana Post and Pakem Main Post has better result in handling and distributing aid to evacuation barrack compared to initial scenario. Alternative scenarios indicates the unmet demands are less than the initial scenario.

Microscopic information processing and communication in crowd dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henein, Colin Marc; White, Tony

2010-11-01

Due, perhaps, to the historical division of crowd dynamics research into psychological and engineering approaches, microscopic crowd models have tended toward modelling simple interchangeable particles with an emphasis on the simulation of physical factors. Despite the fact that people have complex (non-panic) behaviours in crowd disasters, important human factors in crowd dynamics such as information discovery and processing, changing goals and communication have not yet been well integrated at the microscopic level. We use our Microscopic Human Factors methodology to fuse a microscopic simulation of these human factors with a popular microscopic crowd model. By tightly integrating human factors with the existing model we can study the effects on the physical domain (movement, force and crowd safety) when human behaviour (information processing and communication) is introduced. In a large-room egress scenario with ample exits, information discovery and processing yields a crowd of non-interchangeable individuals who, despite close proximity, have different goals due to their different beliefs. This crowd heterogeneity leads to complex inter-particle interactions such as jamming transitions in open space; at high crowd energies, we found a freezing by heating effect (reminiscent of the disaster at Central Lenin Stadium in 1982) in which a barrier formation of naïve individuals trying to reach blocked exits prevented knowledgeable ones from exiting. Communication, when introduced, reduced this barrier formation, increasing both exit rates and crowd safety.

A hospital response to a soccer stadium stampede in Zimbabwe

PubMed Central

Madzimbamuto, F

2003-01-01

Method: A literature review was done to establish international standards of best practice in major medical incident response. The hospital disaster plan (major medical incident plan) was reviewed and used as local standard. Written submissions and unstructured interviews technique were used to collect information from staff present on the day and involved in the care of the stampede victims and from staff specified in the hospital disaster plan. This was presented as a report to the Hospital Clinical Audit and Quality Assurance Committee (CAQAC), with recommendations. Results: The hospital's response to the disaster was suboptimal. The initial recommendations were accepted. Implementation is ongoing while discussion is drawing in other people and agencies. An integrated prehospital care system is required. The casualty department needs to develop into a modern accident and emergency department. Individual departments need to develop their own disaster plans that link into the hospital plan. A system for future audits of the hospital's performance after a disaster need to be put in place. Implementation of these recommendations is changing disaster preparedness in and out of the hospital. Conclusions: The exercise was very useful in raising awareness and the value of audit and specific issues were defined for improvement. Long term and short term goals were set. Despite the shortage of resources, change was felt to be necessary and possible. PMID:14623853

"It's just everywhere!" Children and parents discuss the marketing of sports wagering in Australia.

PubMed

Pitt, Hannah; Thomas, Samantha L; Bestman, Amy; Stoneham, Melissa; Daube, Mike

2016-10-01

To investigate how children and adults recall the content and promotional channels for sports wagering marketing. A mixed methods study of 152 parent/child (8-16 years) dyads was conducted at AFL (Australian Football League), NRL (National Rugby League), and soccer sporting sites in New South Wales and Victoria, Australia. Questions related to the frequency of viewing AFL and NRL matches, sports wagering promotions and perceptions of the normalisation of wagering in sport. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were used to analyse data. Children recruited from NRL (n=75, 96.2%) and AFL (n=46, 92.0%) sites were significantly more likely to have recalled having ever seen a promotion for sports wagering as compared to children from Soccer sites (n=18, 75.0%) (p<0.05). Children and adults identified seeing sports wagering promotions in similar environments, most commonly on television, and at stadiums. Three-quarters of children (75.0%) and the majority of adults (90.0%) perceived that sports wagering was becoming a normal part of sport. This research shows that children engaged in particular sports have high awareness of wagering marketing, particularly as seen on television or at sporting matches. Regulation should comprehensively address the placement, quantity and content of wagering marketing aligned with sport to prevent current and/or future gambling harm. © 2016 Public Health Association of Australia.

Stress Prediction for Distributed Structural Health Monitoring Using Existing Measurements and Pattern Recognition.

PubMed

Lu, Wei; Teng, Jun; Zhou, Qiushi; Peng, Qiexin

2018-02-01

The stress in structural steel members is the most useful and directly measurable physical quantity to evaluate the structural safety in structural health monitoring, which is also an important index to evaluate the stress distribution and force condition of structures during structural construction and service phases. Thus, it is common to set stress as a measure in steel structural monitoring. Considering the economy and the importance of the structural members, there are only a limited number of sensors that can be placed, which means that it is impossible to obtain the stresses of all members directly using sensors. This study aims to develop a stress response prediction method for locations where there are insufficent sensors, using measurements from a limited number of sensors and pattern recognition. The detailed improved aspects are: (1) a distributed computing process is proposed, where the same pattern is recognized by several subsets of measurements; and (2) the pattern recognition using the subset of measurements is carried out by considering the optimal number of sensors and number of fusion patterns. The validity and feasibility of the proposed method are verified using two examples: the finite-element simulation of a single-layer shell-like steel structure, and the structural health monitoring of the space steel roof of Shenzhen Bay Stadium; for the latter, the anti-noise performance of this method is verified by the stress measurements from a real-world project.

Restoring method for missing data of spatial structural stress monitoring based on correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Zeyu; Luo, Yaozhi

2017-07-01

Long-term monitoring of spatial structures is of great importance for the full understanding of their performance and safety. The missing part of the monitoring data link will affect the data analysis and safety assessment of the structure. Based on the long-term monitoring data of the steel structure of the Hangzhou Olympic Center Stadium, the correlation between the stress change of the measuring points is studied, and an interpolation method of the missing stress data is proposed. Stress data of correlated measuring points are selected in the 3 months of the season when missing data is required for fitting correlation. Data of daytime and nighttime are fitted separately for interpolation. For a simple linear regression when single point's correlation coefficient is 0.9 or more, the average error of interpolation is about 5%. For multiple linear regression, the interpolation accuracy is not significantly increased after the number of correlated points is more than 6. Stress baseline value of construction step should be calculated before interpolating missing data in the construction stage, and the average error is within 10%. The interpolation error of continuous missing data is slightly larger than that of the discrete missing data. The data missing rate of this method should better not exceed 30%. Finally, a measuring point's missing monitoring data is restored to verify the validity of the method.

The national ignition facility high-energy ultraviolet laser system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moses, Edward I.

2004-09-01

The National Ignition Facility (NIF), currently under construction at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, is a stadium-sized facility containing a 192-beam, 1.8 MJ, 500 TW, ultraviolet laser system together with a 10-m diameter target chamber with room for nearly 100 experimental diagnostics. When completed, NIF will be the world's largest and most energetic laser experimental system, providing an international center to study inertial confinement fusion and the physics of matter at extreme energy densities and pressures. NIF's 192 energetic laser beams will compress fusion targets to conditions required for thermonuclear burn, liberating more energy than required to initiate the fusion reactions. Other NIF experiments will allow the study of physical processes at temperatures approaching 10 8 K and 10 11 Bar, conditions that exist naturally only in the interior of stars, planets and in nuclear weapons. NIF is now entering the first phases of its laser commissioning program. The first four beams of the NIF laser system have generated 106 kJ of infrared light and over 10 kJ at the third harmonic (351 nm). NIF's target experimental systems are also being installed in preparation for experiments to begin in late 2003. This paper provides a detailed look the NIF laser systems, the significant laser and optical systems breakthroughs that were developed, the results of recent laser commissioning shots, and plans for commissioning diagnostics for experiments on NIF.

Cementitious Barriers Partnership FY2013 End-Year Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flach, G. P.; Langton, C. A.; Burns, H. H.

2013-11-01

In FY2013, the Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) demonstrated continued tangible progress toward fulfilling the objective of developing a set of software tools to improve understanding and prediction of the long-term structural, hydraulic and chemical performance of cementitious barriers used in nuclear applications. In November 2012, the CBP released “Version 1.0” of the CBP Software Toolbox, a suite of software for simulating reactive transport in cementitious materials and important degradation phenomena. In addition, the CBP completed development of new software for the “Version 2.0” Toolbox to be released in early FY2014 and demonstrated use of the Version 1.0 Toolbox on DOEmore » applications. The current primary software components in both Versions 1.0 and 2.0 are LeachXS/ORCHESTRA, STADIUM, and a GoldSim interface for probabilistic analysis of selected degradation scenarios. The CBP Software Toolbox Version 1.0 supports analysis of external sulfate attack (including damage mechanics), carbonation, and primary constituent leaching. Version 2.0 includes the additional analysis of chloride attack and dual regime flow and contaminant migration in fractured and non-fractured cementitious material. The LeachXS component embodies an extensive material property measurements database along with chemical speciation and reactive mass transport simulation cases with emphasis on leaching of major, trace and radionuclide constituents from cementitious materials used in DOE facilities, such as Saltstone (Savannah River) and Cast Stone (Hanford), tank closure grouts, and barrier concretes. STADIUM focuses on the physical and structural service life of materials and components based on chemical speciation and reactive mass transport of major cement constituents and aggressive species (e.g., chloride, sulfate, etc.). THAMES is a planned future CBP Toolbox component focused on simulation of the microstructure of cementitious materials and calculation of resultant hydraulic and constituent mass transfer parameters needed in modeling. Two CBP software demonstrations were conducted in FY2013, one to support the Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF) at SRS and the other on a representative Hanford high-level waste tank. The CBP Toolbox demonstration on the SDF provided analysis on the most probable degradation mechanisms to the cementitious vault enclosure caused by sulfate and carbonation ingress. This analysis was documented and resulted in the issuance of a SDF Performance Assessment Special Analysis by Liquid Waste Operations this fiscal year. The two new software tools supporting chloride attack and dual-regime flow will provide additional degradation tools to better evaluate performance of DOE and commercial cementitious barriers. The CBP SRNL experimental program produced two patent applications and field data that will be used in the development and calibration of CBP software tools being developed in FY2014. The CBP software and simulation tools varies from other efforts in that all the tools are based upon specific and relevant experimental research of cementitious materials utilized in DOE applications. The CBP FY2013 program involved continuing research to improve and enhance the simulation tools as well as developing new tools that model other key degradation phenomena not addressed in Version 1.0. Also efforts to continue to verify the various simulation tools through laboratory experiments and analysis of field specimens are ongoing and will continue into FY2014 to quantify and reduce the uncertainty associated with performance assessments. This end-year report summarizes FY2013 software development efforts and the various experimental programs that are providing data for calibration and validation of the CBP developed software.« less

Determining buried grid street system and native of the remains with GPR and petrography, in ancient Nysa city, Aydin - Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadioglu, Selma; Kadioglu, Musa; Kadioglu, Yusuf K.

2010-05-01

Nysa, is one of the most important ancient cities of the region of Caria in Anatolia (Asia Minor), was built on the slopes on the sides of the stream called Tekkecik, in a 3 km North of Sultanhisar, East of Aydın city of Turkey. The buildings, streets and public squares of the ancient city were supported by vaulted substructures adapted to the topographic conditions. There are important ruins on the site from the Hellenistic and the Roman periods and the Byzantine era. Now the Greek theatre and its walled entrance are intact. Other important remains are the gymnasium, stadium, library, temple, nymphaeum, bridge a tunnel like structure and the Byzantine churches in the West; the agora, Bouleuterion / Gerontikon, and the Roman public baths in the East. The first aim of the study was to determine the locations of the buried streets thought grid system according to the some excavated results already in the east and west side of the Nysa. Therefore the GPR studies were realized selected areas, which could include the streets, around the Bouleuterion / Gerontikon and at the South of the library. Two dimensional (2D) GPR data were measured on the parallel GPR profiles spaced 1m apart on each part of the study areas using 250 MHz shielded antennas. The processed parallel profile data set was formed through a solid 3D view by aligning the profiles respectively. A simplified amplitude-color range and appropriate opacity function were constructed to activate buried remains. Interactive interpretation was done with time slices and transparent sub-blocks of the 3D volume by arranging an opaque function. It was known that the maximum amplitudes represented the remains. So, weak amplitude range around the zero amplitude was eliminated by giving zero opacity value and transparent 3D imaging was obtained. The second known was that the amplitudes were decreased according to time. Therefore, amplitude scale could be weighted by a constant coefficient changing with the time range of the 3D sub-volumes, which was bigger than one and smaller than two and had a decimal number. As a result, all remains could be imaged in the transparent 3D depth-volumes where the street could be revealed clearly. Finally three streets were revealed in the depth volumes. The first street was on the West part and the second street, which was parallel of the first street, was on the Southwest part of the Bouleuterion / Gerontikon and the third street was on the South of the library. Diggings on the West and Southwest parts of the research area encouraged the 3D image results. The second aim of the study was to find out native rocks of the Nysa remains and sources. The small rock samples were collected from the theatre, stadium, basement of agora and the tomb and analyzed under polarized microscope and confocal Raman spectroscopy. The results of the studies revealed that the main rocks of these remains composed of white color marble. These marbles have granoblastic texture composed of mainly pressure twinned calcite as coarse grain size under the polarized microscope. The confocal Raman spectroscopical studies revealed that the marble remains of Nysa ancient city were mainly built from Jurassic- Cretaceous carbonate rocks of Western Anatolia marble quarry in the vicinity region. This study was supported by the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) under grant no. 107K523 and Earth Sciences Application and Research Center of Ankara University (YEBIM).

Consequences of enriched atmospheric CO{sub 2} and defoliation for foliar chemistry and gypsy moth performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lindroth, R.L.; Kinney, K.K.

1998-10-01

Elevated concentrations of atmospheric CO{sub 2} are likely to interact with other factors affecting plant physiology to alter plant chemical profiles and plant-herbivore interactions. The authors evaluated the independent and interactive effects of enriched CO{sub 2} and artificial defoliation on foliar chemistry of quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) and sugar maple (Acer saccharum), and the consequences of such changes for short-term performance of the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar). They grew aspen and maple seedlings in ambient and enriched CO{sub 2} environments at the University of wisconsin Biotron. Seven weeks after budbreak, trees in half of the rooms were subjected to 50%more » defoliation. Afterwards, foliage was collected for chemical analyses, and feeding trials were conducted with fourth-stadium gypsy moths. Enriched CO{sub 2} altered foliar levels of water, nitrogen, carbohydrates, and phenolics, and responses generally differed between the two tree species. Defoliation induced chemical changes only in aspen. They found no significant interactions between CO{sub 2} and defoliation for levels of carbon-based defenses (phenolic glycosides and tannins). CO{sub 2} treatment altered the performance of larvae fed aspen, but not maple, whereas defoliation had little effect on performance on insects. In general, results from this experimental system do not support the hypothesis that induction of carbon-based chemical defenses, and attendant effects on insects, will be stronger in a CO{sub 2}-enriched world.« less

Costs of success: Financial implications of implementation of active learning in introductory physics courses for students and administrators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brewe, Eric; Dou, Remy; Shand, Robert

2018-02-01

Although active learning is supported by strong evidence of efficacy in undergraduate science instruction, institutions of higher education have yet to embrace comprehensive change. Costs of transforming instruction are regularly cited as a key factor in not adopting active-learning instructional practices. Some cite that alternative methods to stadium-style, lecture-based education are not financially viable to an academic department. This paper examines that argument by presenting an ingredients approach to estimating costs of two instructional methods used in introductory university physics courses at a large public U.S. university. We use a metric common in educational economics, cost effectiveness (CE), which is the total cost per student passing the class. We then compare the CE of traditional, passive-learning lecture courses to those of a well-studied, active-learning curriculum (Modeling Instruction) as a way of evaluating the claim that active learning is cost prohibitive. Our findings are that the Modeling Instruction approach has a higher cost per passing student (MI = 1 ,030 /passing student vs Trad = 790 /passing student). These results are discussed from perspectives of university administrators, students, and taxpayers. We consider how MI would need to adapt in order to make the benefits of active learning (particularly higher pass rates and gains on multiple measured student outcomes) available in a cost-neutral setting. This approach aims to provide a methodology to better inform decision makers balancing financial, personnel, and curricular considerations.

Earth Observations taken by the Expedition 27 Crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-05-16

ISS027-E-033889 (16 May 2011) --- Izmir Metropolitan Area, Izmir Province in Turkey is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 27 crew member on the International Space Station. The metropolis of Izmir is located in the western Anatolia region of Turkey. It is the country’s third largest city in terms of population and the second largest port city (after Istanbul). The Izmir region has included urban areas for almost 3,500 years, and the ancient core of the metropolitan area was originally known as Smyrna. Due to its location on the Gulf of Izmir (lower left) with access to the Aegean Sea, Izmir (or Smyrna) has been an important Mediterranean Sea port for most of its history. This detailed photograph highlights the modern urban landscape of the Izmir metropolitan area. Today, the metropolitan area includes eleven districts, many of which were independent neighborhoods prior to agglomeration into “greater Izmir”. Densely built-up residential and commercial districts, characterized by gray to reddish gray rooftops occupy much of the central part of the image. Larger structures with bright white rooftops are indicative of commercial/industrial areas near the Izmir Port at left. Two large sport complexes, the Ataturk Stadium and Sirinyer Hippodrome (horse racing track) are clearly visible at upper left and right respectively. Numerous vegetated parks (green) are located throughout the area. In addition to being a major trade center, greater Izmir is a hub for regional tourism.

Additive survival least square support vector machines: A simulation study and its application to cervical cancer prediction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khotimah, Chusnul; Purnami, Santi Wulan; Prastyo, Dedy Dwi; Chosuvivatwong, Virasakdi; Sriplung, Hutcha

2017-11-01

Support Vector Machines (SVMs) has been widely applied for prediction in many fields. Recently, SVM is also developed for survival analysis. In this study, Additive Survival Least Square SVM (A-SURLSSVM) approach is used to analyze cervical cancer dataset and its performance is compared with the Cox model as a benchmark. The comparison is evaluated based on the prognostic index produced: concordance index (c-index), log rank, and hazard ratio. The higher prognostic index represents the better performance of the corresponding methods. This work also applied feature selection to choose important features using backward elimination technique based on the c-index criterion. The cervical cancer dataset consists of 172 patients. The empirical results show that nine out of the twelve features: age at marriage, age of first getting menstruation, age, parity, type of treatment, history of family planning, stadium, long-time of menstruation, and anemia status are selected as relevant features that affect the survival time of cervical cancer patients. In addition, the performance of the proposed method is evaluated through a simulation study with the different number of features and censoring percentages. Two out of three performance measures (c-index and hazard ratio) obtained from A-SURLSSVM consistently yield better results than the ones obtained from Cox model when it is applied on both simulated and cervical cancer data. Moreover, the simulation study showed that A-SURLSSVM performs better when the percentage of censoring data is small.

Radiosensibilisierung durch BRAF Inhibitoren.

PubMed

Strobel, Sophia Boyoung; Pätzold, Sylvie; Zimmer, Lisa; Jensen, Alexandra; Enk, Alexander; Hassel, Jessica Cecile

2017-07-01

In der letzten Zeit wurden in der Literatur vermehrt erhöhte Hauttoxizitäten während einer Kombinationstherapie mit BRAF Inhibitoren und Radiotherapie beschrieben. Wir berichten über sieben Melanompatienten in einem nicht resezierbaren Stadium III oder IV, die eine kombinierte Behandlung aus Bestrahlung und BRAF-Inhibitor erhielten. Bei allen Patienten konnte durch die Kombinationstherapie ein gutes lokales Ansprechen erreicht werden. Nur bei zwei Patienten wurde eine schwere Radiodermatitis (CTCAE Grad 3 bzw. 4) beobachtet. Bei diesen Patienten, die beide Vemurafenib erhielten, trat die Radiodermatitis nach ein bzw. zwei Wochen auf und resultierte in einer Unterbrechung der BRAF-Inhibitor Behandlung.. Die kumulative Dosis bis zum Zeitpunkt der Strahlendermatitis betrug 10 Gy bzw. 35 Gy. Bei allen anderen Vemurafenibpatienten konnten nur milde Reaktionen im Sinne einer Radiodermatitis CTCAE Grad 2, beim Dabrafenibpatienten CTCAE Grade 1 diagnostiziert werden. Bei einem Patienten wurde eine Recalldermatitis nach 14 Tagen einer beendeten Strahlentherapie mit einer kumulativen Dosis von 30 Gy diagnostiziert. Schwere Toxizitätsreaktionen der Haut unter einer BRAF-Inhibitionen treten nicht häufig auf und sind meistens gut therapierbar. Deshalb sollte die Kombinationstherapie bei aggressiv wachsenden Melanomen eine Therapieoption bleiben. Obwohl ein erhöhtes Risiko der Hauttoxizität unter einer Kombinationstherapie von Radiatio und BRAF-Inhibitoren besteht, wird diese von den meisten Patienten gut toleriert. Sequenzielle Therapie anstelle von gleichzeitiger Behandlung scheint die Toxizitätreaktionen nicht zu verhindern. © 2017 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Bleeding injuries in professional football: estimating the risk for HIV transmission.

PubMed

Brown, L S; Drotman, D P; Chu, A; Brown, C L; Knowlan, D

1995-02-15

To determine the risk for bleeding injuries in professional football and to estimate the risk for transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) through such injuries. A prospective, observational study. Professional football players from 11 teams of the National Football League were observed during 155 regular season games from September through December 1992. The frequencies of bleeding injuries were calculated in association with environmental and athletic factors. Using this information, HIV prevalence, and data on transmission of HIV in other circumstances, the risk for transmission of HIV during football games was estimated. 575 bleeding injuries (average, 3.7 per game for each team) involving 538 players (average, 3.5 players on each team per game) were observed. Approximately 88% of the bleeding injuries were abrasions; the remainder were lacerations. Bleeding injuries were markedly more frequent during games played on artificial surfaces, during games played in domed stadiums, and on teams with a final win/loss percentage of 0.500 or lower. Using data on the prevalence of HIV among college men and rates of HIV transmission in the health care setting, the risk for HIV transmission to each player was estimated to be less than 1 per 85 million game contacts. Although injuries occur in professional football competitions, bleeding injuries, especially lacerations, occur infrequently. We estimate that the risk for HIV transmission during such competition is extremely remote. The role of artificial playing surfaces on the incidence or severity of bleeding injuries should be investigated.

Solid waste recycling in Rajshahi city of Bangladesh.

PubMed

Bari, Q Hamidul; Hassan, K Mahbub; Haque, M Ehsanul

2012-11-01

Efficient recycling of solid wastes is now a global concern for a sustainable and environmentally sound management. In this study, traditional recycling pattern of solid waste was investigated in Rajshahi municipality which is the fourth largest city of Bangladesh. A questionnaire survey had been carried out in various recycle shops during April 2010 to January 2011. There were 140 recycle shops and most of them were located in the vicinity of Stadium market in Rajshahi. About 1906 people were found to be involved in recycling activities of the city. The major fraction of recycled wastes were sent to capital city Dhaka for further manufacture of different new products. Only a small amount of wastes, specially plastics, were processed in local recycle factories to produce small washing pots and bottle caps. Everyday, an estimated 28.13 tons of recycled solid wastes were handled in Rajshahi city area. This recycled portion accounted for 8.25% of the daily total generated wastes (341 ton d(-1)), 54.6% of total recyclable wastes (51.49 ton d(-1)) and 68.29% of readily recyclable wastes (41.19 ton d(-1)). Major recycled materials were found to be iron, glass, plastic, and papers. Only five factories were involved in preliminary processing of recyclable wastes. Collecting and processing secondary materials, manufacturing recycled-content products, and then buying recycled products created a circle or loop that ensured the overall success of recycling and generated a host of financial, environmental, and social returns. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Long-term Clinical Results after Iloprost Treatment for Bone Marrow Edema and Avascular Necrosis

PubMed Central

Claßen, Tim; Becker, Antonia; Landgraeber, Stefan; Haversath, Marcel; Li, Xinning; Zilkens, Christoph; Krauspe, Rüdiger; Jäger, Marcus

2016-01-01

The treatments of avascular osteonecrosis (AVN) include both conservative and surgical methods which are dependent on the stage and progression of the disease. The vasoactive-prostaglandin-analogue iloprost (PGI2) has been utilized in several areas of medicine and recently has been used for the treatment of AVN. A total of 108 patients with 136 osteonecrosis of different joints, etiology and severity were treated with iloprost. The mean follow-up was 49.71 months: range 15-96 months, and outcome measurements recorded regarding subjective complaints, visual analog scale (pain), function and survival. The outcome scores used include the Harris Hip Score, Knee Society score, Foot and Ankle Survey, visual analogue scale (VAS) and a separate questionnaire. The location and etiology of AVN in our study demonstrated the typical pattern. All of the observed side effects of the therapy were minor and completely reversible. Most of patients (74.8%) showed a significant improvement of subjective complaints and decrease in VAS pain scores after the treatment with iloprost. However, 20% of the treated joints with the stadium Association for Research on Osseous Circulation (ARCO) grade 2, 71% with ARCO 3 and 100% with ARCO 4 underwent subsequent total joint replacement. The medical treatment of bone marrow edema or avascular osteonecrosis by Iloprost provides an safe and effective alternative strategy in the management of AVN presenting in the early stages (ARCO 1 or 2). For more advanced stages (ARCO 3 or 4), surgical intervention should be prioritized. PMID:27114807

The Construct Validity of the CODA and Repeated Sprint Ability Tests in Football Referees.

PubMed

Riiser, Amund; Andersen, Vidar; Castagna, Carlo; Arne Pettersen, Svein; Saeterbakken, Atle; Froyd, Christian; Ylvisaker, Einar; Naess Kjosnes, Terje; Fusche Moe, Vegard

2018-06-14

As of 2017, the international football federation introduced the change of direction ability test (CODA) and the 5×30 m sprint test for assistant referees (ARs) and continued the 6×40 m sprint test for field referees (FRs) as mandatory tests. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between performance in these tests and running performance during matches at the top level in Norway. The study included 9 FRs refereeing 21 matches and 19 ARs observed 53 times by a local positioning system at three stadiums during the 2016 season. Running performance during matches was assessed by high-intensity running (HIR) distance, HIR counts, acceleration distance, and acceleration counts. For the ARs, there was no association between the CODA test with high-intensity running or acceleration ( P >0.05). However, the 5×30 m sprint test was associated with HIR count during the entire match (E -12.9, 95% CI -25.4 to -0.4) and the 5-min period with the highest HIR count (E -2.02, 95% CI -3.55 to -0.49). For the FRs, the 6×40 m fitness test was not associated with running performance during matches ( P >0.05). In conclusion, performance in these tests had weak or no associations with accelerations or HIR in top Norwegian referees during match play. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Sports injuries surveillance during the 2007 IAAF World Athletics Championships.

PubMed

Alonso, Juan Manuel; Junge, Astrid; Renström, Per; Engebretsen, Lars; Mountjoy, Margo; Dvorak, Jiri

2009-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze all sports injuries incurred in competitions and/or training during the 2007 World Athletics Championships and to prove the feasibility of the injury surveillance system developed for the 2008 Olympic Games for individual sports. Prospective recording of injuries. 11 IAAF World Championships in Athletics 2007 in Osaka, Japan. All national team physicians and physiotherapists; Local Organising Committee (LOC) physicians working in the Medical Centres at the stadium and warm-up area. Frequency, characteristics, and incidence of injuries. 192 injuries were reported, resulting in an incidence of 97 injuries per 1000 registered athletes. More than half of the injuries (56%) were expected to prevent the athlete from participating in competition or training. Eighty percent affected the lower extremity; the most common diagnosis was thigh strain (16%). In most cases, the injury was caused by overuse (44%). A quarter of the injuries were incurred during training and 137 (71%) in competition. On average, 72.4 injuries per 1000 competing athletes were incurred in competitions. The incidence of injury varied substantially among the disciplines. The risk of a time-loss injury was highest in heptathlon, women's 10,000 m, women's 3000 m steeplechase, decathlon, and men's marathon. The injury surveillance system proved feasible for individual sports. Risk of injury varied among the disciplines, with highest risk in combined disciplines, steeplechase, and long-distance runs. Preventive interventions should mainly focus on overuse injuries and adequate rehabilitation of previous injuries.

NASA Scientific Balloon Team Hopes to Break Flight Duration Record with New Zealand Launch

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

After years of tests and development, NASA’s Balloon Program team is on the cusp of expanding the envelope in high-altitude, heavy-lift ballooning with its super pressure balloon (SPB) technology. NASA’s scientific balloon experts are in Wanaka, New Zealand, prepping for the fourth flight of an 18.8 million-cubic-foot (532,000 cubic-meter) balloon, with the ambitious goal of achieving an ultra-long-duration flight of up to 100 days at mid-latitudes. Launch of the pumpkin-shaped, football stadium-size balloon is scheduled for sometime after April 1, 2016, from Wanaka Airport, pending final checkouts and flight readiness of the balloon and supporting systems. Once launched, the SPB, which is made from 22-acres of polyethylene film – similar to a sandwich bag, but stronger and more durable – will ascend to a nearly constant float altitude of 110,000 feet (33.5 km). The balloon will travel eastward carrying a 2,260-pound (1,025 kg) payload consisting of tracking, communications and scientific instruments. NASA expects the SPB to circumnavigate the globe once every one to three weeks, depending on wind speeds in the stratosphere. Read more: go.nasa.gov/1p56xKR NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Effects of temperature and photoperiod on postponing bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.) turf dormancy.

PubMed

Esmaili, Somayeh; Salehi, Hassan

2012-06-15

Growth chamber and field experiments were carried out to determine the effects of extended photoperiod under low and freezing temperatures on bermudagrass turf dormancy at Bajgah, in the southern part of Iran. The experiment in the growth chamber was conducted with four temperature regimes (15, 7.5, 0 and -7.5°C) and three light durations (8, 12 and 16h) in a completely randomized design with four replications. The field study was conducted in two consecutive years (2008-2009) with three light durations (8, 12 and 16h) in months with natural short day length and arranged in a randomized complete blocks design with three replications. Results in both experiments showed that decreasing temperature and photoperiod decreased verdure fresh and dry weight, shoot height, tiller density, leaf area and chlorophyll and relative water contents (RWC). However, rooting depth and fresh weight of roots increased in the growth chamber. Decreasing the temperature and light duration increased electrolyte leakage and proline content. Reducing sugars increased with decreasing temperature and declined with lowering light duration in both shoots and roots. Starch content of both shoots and roots showed an adverse trend compared to reducing sugars; starch content increased in both shoots and roots in all treatments by shortening the photoperiod. Practically, the problem of bermudagrass turf's dormancy could be solved via increasing the photoperiod in months with short day lengths. This treatment would be efficient and useful for turfgrass managers to apply in landscapes and stadiums. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

How information guides movement: intercepting curved free kicks in soccer.

PubMed

Craig, Cathy M; Bastin, Julien; Montagne, Gilles

2011-10-01

Previous studies have shown that balls subjected to spin induce large errors in perceptual judgments (Craig, Berton, Rao, Fernandez, & Bootsma, 2006; Craig et al., 2009) due to the additional accelerative force that causes the ball's flight path to deviate from a standard parabolic trajectory. A recent review however, has suggested that the findings from such experiments may be imprecise due to the decoupling of perception and action and the reliance on the ventral system (van der Kamp, Rivas, van Doorn, & Savelsbergh, 2008). The aim of this study was to present the same curved free kick trajectory simulations from the perception only studies (Craig et al., 2006, 2009) but this time allow participants to move to intercept the ball. By using immersive, interactive virtual reality technology participants were asked to control the movement of a virtual effector presented in a virtual soccer stadium so that it would make contact with a virtual soccer ball as it crossed the goal-line. As in the perception only studies the direction of spin had a significant effect on the participants' responses with significantly fewer balls being intercepted in the spin conditions when compared to no-spin conditions. A significantly higher percentage of movement reversals for the spin conditions served to highlight the link between information specifying ball heading direction and subsequent movement. The coherence of the findings for both the perception and perception/action study are discussed in light of the dual systems model for visual processing. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis of zone of vulnurability and impact of forest fires in forest ecosystems in north algeria by susing remote sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zegrar, Ahmed

2010-05-01

The Forest in steppe present ecological diversity, and seen climatic unfavourable conditions in zone and impact of forest fires; we notes deterioration of physical environment particularly, deterioration of natural forest. This deterioration of forests provokes an unbalance of environment witch provokes a process of deterioration advanced in the ultimate stadium is desertification. By elsewhere, where climatic conditions are favourable, the fire is an ecological and acted agent like integral part of evolution of the ecosystems, the specific regeneration of plants are influenced greatly by the regime of fire (season of fire, intensity, interval), witch leads to the recuperation of the vegetation of meadow- fire. In this survey we used the pictures ALSAT-1 for detection of zones with risk of forest fire and their impact on the naturals forests in region named TLEMCEN in the north west of Algeria. A thematic detailed analysis of forests well attended ecosystems some processing on the picture ALSAT-1, we allowed to identify and classifying the forests in there opinion components flowers. We identified ampleness of fire on this zone also. Some parameters as the slope, the proximity to the road and the forests formations were studied in the goal of determining the zones to risk of forest fire. A crossing of diaper of information in a GIS according to a very determined logic allowed classifying the zones in degree of risk of fire in semi arid zone witch forest zone not encouraging the regeneration but permitting the installation of cash of steppe which encourages the desertification.

Forest fires impact in semi arid lands in Algeria, analysis and followed of desertification by using remote sensing and GIS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zegrar, Ahmed

The Forest in steppe present ecological diversity, and seen climatic unfavourable conditions in zone and impact of forest fires; we notes deterioration of physical environment particularly, deterioration of natural forest. This deterioration of forests provokes an unbalance of environment witch provokes a process of deterioration advanced in the ultimate stadium is desertification. By elsewhere, where climatic conditions are favourable, the fire is an ecological and acted agent like integral part of evolution of the ecosystems, the specific regeneration of plants are influenced greatly by the regime of fire (season of fire, intensity, interval), who leads to the recuperation of the vegetation of meadow- fire. In this survey we used the pictures ALSAT-1 for detection of zones with risk of forest fire and their impact on the naturals forests in region of Tlemcen. A thematic detailed analysis of forests well attended ecosystems some processing on the picture ALSAT-1, we allowed to identify and classifying the forests in there opinion components flowers. we identified ampleness of fire on this zone also. Some parameters as the slope, the proximity to the road and the forests formations were studied in the goal of determining the zones to risk of forest fire. A crossing of diaper of information in a SIG according to a very determined logic allowed to classify the zones in degree of risk of fire in a middle arid in a forest zone not encouraging the regeneration on the other hand permitting the installation of cash of steppe which encourages the desertification.

Reaching to the Star

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruzhitskaya, Lanika; Speck, A.; Baldridge, S.; Briggs, J.

2014-01-01

The 2017 solar eclipse will pass over the Midwest and right over the University of Missouri in Columbia. This event presents us with a wonderful opportunity for science outreach and education programs. In preparation for this event, we use our Coronado solar telescope as a portable solar viewing observatory roving all over our campus. During these solar viewing events, students, faculty and staff have a chance to look through the telescope to discover for themselves-- and learn about-- the most prominent features of the Sun: limb darkening, sunspots, granulations, flares, prominences and filaments. Astronomy undergraduate and graduate students are on hand to answer questions and to hand out leaflets explaining the science behind these solar features. These solar observations represent excellent opportunities for those who want to know more about the Sun and its role in our lives: from solar activity to global warming; from the formation of the Sun, our planet and the entire Solar System down to the end of our Sun’s life. These events also benefit the volunteering students who learn how to explain complicated science concepts in a simple way to the general public. In addition, the portable solar observatory makes people aware about other science talks and events on our campus. These events are a great way to make people on campus aware about the upcoming solar eclipse. Over the course of the next four years we expect to have generated enough interest to be able to accomplish our goal of hosting solar eclipse festivities in August of 2017 in our football stadium in front of a massive crowd of interested observers and potential astronomy students.

Noise and LPI radar as part of counter-drone mitigation system measures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yan (Rockee); Huang, Yih-Ru; Thumann, Charles

2017-05-01

With the rapid proliferation of small unmanned aerial systems (UAS) in the national airspace, small operational drones are being sometimes considered as a security threat for critical infrastructures, such as sports stadiums, military facilities, and airports. There have been many civilian counter-drone solutions and products reported, including radar and electromagnetic counter measures. For the current electromagnetic solutions, they are usually limited to particular type of detection and counter-measure scheme, which is usually effective for the specific type of drones. Also, control and communication link technologies used in even RC drones nowadays are more sophisticated, making them more difficult to detect, decode and counter. Facing these challenges, our team proposes a "software-defined" solution based on noise and LPI radar. For the detection, wideband-noise radar has the resolution performance to discriminate possible micro-Doppler features of the drone versus biological scatterers. It also has the benefit of more adaptive to different types of drones, and covertly detecting for security application. For counter-measures, random noise can be combined with "random sweeping" jamming scheme, to achieve the optimal balance between peak power allowed and the effective jamming probabilities. Some theoretical analysis of the proposed solution is provided in this study, a design case study is developed, and initial laboratory experiments, as well as outdoor tests are conducted to validate the basic concepts and theories. The study demonstrates the basic feasibilities of the Drone Detection and Mitigation Radar (DDMR) concept, while there are still much work needs to be done for a complete and field-worthy technology development.

Costs of complications after colorectal cancer surgery in the Netherlands: Building the business case for hospitals.

PubMed

Govaert, J A; Fiocco, M; van Dijk, W A; Scheffer, A C; de Graaf, E J R; Tollenaar, R A E M; Wouters, M W J M

2015-08-01

Healthcare providers worldwide are struggling with rising costs while hospitals budgets are under stress. Colorectal cancer surgery is commonly performed, however it is associated with a disproportionate share of adverse events in general surgery. Since adverse events are associated with extra hospital costs it seems important to explicitly discuss the costs of complications and the risk factors for high-costs after colorectal surgery. Retrospective analysis of clinical and financial outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery in 29 Dutch hospitals (6768 patients). Detailed clinical data was derived from the 2011-2012 population-based Dutch Surgical Colorectal Audit database. Costs were measured uniform in all participating hospitals and based on Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing. Of total hospital costs in this study, 31% was spent on complications and the top 5% most expensive patients were accountable for 23% of hospitals budgets. Minor and severe complications were respectively associated with a 26% and 196% increase in costs as compared to patients without complications. Independent from other risk factors, ASA IV, double tumor, ASA III, short course preoperative radiotherapy and TNM-4 stadium disease were the top-5 attributors to high costs. This article shows that complications after colorectal cancer surgery are associated with a substantial increase in costs. Although not all surgical complications can be prevented, reducing complications will result in considerable cost savings. By providing a business case we show that investments made to develop targeted quality improvement programs will pay off eventually. Results based on this study should encourage healthcare providers to endorse quality improvement efforts. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[A million football fans in a city of 120,000 inhabitants--a nightmare for emergency medicine and disaster management? Euro 2008 and the "Orange wonder of Berne"].

PubMed

Martinolli, L; Tanyeli, E; Hasler, R M; Burkhardt, P; Bähler, H; Neff, F; Rupp, P; Zimmermann, H; Exadaktylos, A K

2011-01-01

The 2008 European Football Championship 2008 (Euro 08) is the largest sporting event ever organized in Switzerland. One million visitors came to the city of Berne during the event and the local airport in Bern/Belp registered 261 extra flights. For each football game there were 33,000 fans in the stadium and 100,000 fans in the public viewing zones.The ambulance corps and the Department of Emergency Medicine (ED) at Inselspital, University Hospital Berne, were responsible for basic medical care and emergency medical management. Injuries and illnesses were analyzed by a standardized score (NACA score). The preparation strategy as well as costs and patient numbers are presented in detail.A total of 30 additional ambulance vehicles were used, 4,723 additional working days (one-third medical professionals) were accumulated, 662 ambulance calls were registered and 240 persons needed medical care (62% Swiss, 28% Dutch and 10% other nationalities). Among those needing treatment 51 were treated in 1 of the 4 city hospitals. No injuries with NACA grades VI and VII occurred (NACA I: 4, NACA II: 17, NACA III: 16, NACA IV: 10 and NACA V: 4 patients). The city of Berne compensated the Inselspital Bern with a total of 112,603 Euros for extra medical care costs. The largest amount was spent on security measures (50,300 Euros) and medical staff (medical doctors 22,600 Euros, nurses 29,000 Euros). Because of the poor weather and the exemplary behavior of the fans, the course of events was rather peaceful.

The scaling of contact rates with population density for the infectious disease models.

PubMed

Hu, Hao; Nigmatulina, Karima; Eckhoff, Philip

2013-08-01

Contact rates and patterns among individuals in a geographic area drive transmission of directly-transmitted pathogens, making it essential to understand and estimate contacts for simulation of disease dynamics. Under the uniform mixing assumption, one of two mechanisms is typically used to describe the relation between contact rate and population density: density-dependent or frequency-dependent. Based on existing evidence of population threshold and human mobility patterns, we formulated a spatial contact model to describe the appropriate form of transmission with initial growth at low density and saturation at higher density. We show that the two mechanisms are extreme cases that do not capture real population movement across all scales. Empirical data of human and wildlife diseases indicate that a nonlinear function may work better when looking at the full spectrum of densities. This estimation can be applied to large areas with population mixing in general activities. For crowds with unusually large densities (e.g., transportation terminals, stadiums, or mass gatherings), the lack of organized social contact structure deviates the physical contacts towards a special case of the spatial contact model - the dynamics of kinetic gas molecule collision. In this case, an ideal gas model with van der Waals correction fits well; existing movement observation data and the contact rate between individuals is estimated using kinetic theory. A complete picture of contact rate scaling with population density may help clarify the definition of transmission rates in heterogeneous, large-scale spatial systems. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Experimental Evaluation of UWB Indoor Positioning for Sport Postures

PubMed Central

Defraye, Jense; Steendam, Heidi; Gerlo, Joeri; De Clercq, Dirk; De Poorter, Eli

2018-01-01

Radio frequency (RF)-based indoor positioning systems (IPSs) use wireless technologies (including Wi-Fi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, and ultra-wide band (UWB)) to estimate the location of persons in areas where no Global Positioning System (GPS) reception is available, for example in indoor stadiums or sports halls. Of the above-mentioned forms of radio frequency (RF) technology, UWB is considered one of the most accurate approaches because it can provide positioning estimates with centimeter-level accuracy. However, it is not yet known whether UWB can also offer such accurate position estimates during strenuous dynamic activities in which moves are characterized by fast changes in direction and velocity. To answer this question, this paper investigates the capabilities of UWB indoor localization systems for tracking athletes during their complex (and most of the time unpredictable) movements. To this end, we analyze the impact of on-body tag placement locations and human movement patterns on localization accuracy and communication reliability. Moreover, two localization algorithms (particle filter and Kalman filter) with different optimizations (bias removal, non-line-of-sight (NLoS) detection, and path determination) are implemented. It is shown that although the optimal choice of optimization depends on the type of movement patterns, some of the improvements can reduce the localization error by up to 31%. Overall, depending on the selected optimization and on-body tag placement, our algorithms show good results in terms of positioning accuracy, with average errors in position estimates of 20 cm. This makes UWB a suitable approach for tracking dynamic athletic activities. PMID:29315267

The epidemiology of injuries in contact flag football.

PubMed

Kaplan, Yonatan; Myklebust, Grethe; Nyska, Meir; Palmanovich, Ezequiel; Victor, Jan; Witvrouw, Erik

2013-01-01

To characterize the epidemiology of injuries in post-high school male and female athletes in the rapidly growing international sport of contact flag football. Prospective injury-observational study. Kraft Stadium, Jerusalem, Israel. A total of 1492 players, consisting of men (n = 1252, mean age, 20.49 ± 5.11) and women (n = 240, mean age, 21.32 ± 8.95 years), participated in 1028 games over a 2-season period (2007-2009). All time-loss injuries sustained in game sessions were recorded by the off-the-field medical personnel and followed up by a more detailed phone injury surveillance questionnaire. One hundred sixty-three injuries were reported, comprising 1 533 776 athletic exposures (AEs). The incidence rate was 0.11 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.09-0.12] per 1000 AEs, and incidence proportion was 10.66% (95% CI, 9.10-12.22). Seventy-six percent of the injuries were extrinsic in nature. Thirty percent of the injuries were to the fingers, thumb, and wrist, 17% to the knee, 17% to the head/face, 13% to the ankle, and 11% to the shoulder. Contact flag football results in a significant amount of moderate to severe injuries. These data may be used in the development of a formal American flag football injury database and in the development and implementation of a high-quality, randomized, prospective injury prevention study. This study should include the enforcement of the no-pocket rule, appropriate headgear, self-fitting mouth guards, the use of ankle braces, and changing the blocking rules of the game.

Comparative cervical profiles of adult and under-18 front-row rugby players: implications for playing policy

PubMed Central

Hamilton, D F; Gatherer, D; Robson, J; Graham, N; Rennie, N; MacLean, J G B; Simpson, A H R W

2014-01-01

Objective To compare the cervical isometric strength, fatigue endurance and range of motion of adult and under-18 age-grade front-row rugby players to inform the development of a safe age group policy with particular reference to scrummaging. Design Cross-sectional cohort study. Setting ‘Field testing’ at Murrayfield stadium. Participants 30 high-performance under-18 players and 22 adult front-row rugby players. Outcome measures Isometric neck strength, height, weight and grip strength. Results Youth players demonstrated the same height and grip strength as the adult players; however, the adults were significantly heavier and demonstrated substantially greater isometric strength (p<0.001). Only two of the ‘elite’ younger players could match the adult mean cervical isometric strength value. In contrast to school age players in general, grip strength was poorly associated with neck strength (r=0.2) in front-row players; instead, player weight (r=0.4) and the number of years’ experience of playing in the front row (r=0.5) were the only relevant factors in multivariate modelling of cervical strength (R2=0.3). Conclusions Extreme forces are generated between opposing front rows in the scrum and avoidance of mismatch is important if the risk of injury is to be minimised. Although elite youth front-row rugby players demonstrate the same peripheral strength as their adult counterparts on grip testing, the adults demonstrate significantly greater cervical strength. If older youths and adults are to play together, such findings have to be noted in the development of age group policies with particular reference to the scrum. PMID:24797427

Earth Observations taken by the Expedition 16 Crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-10-21

ISS016-E-005121 (21 Oct. 2007) --- Wellington, New Zealand is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 16 crewmember on the International Space Station. New Zealand's capital of Wellington is located at the southwestern tip of North Island near the Cook Strait. The city is the second largest in New Zealand (after Auckland), and at 41 degrees south latitude, it is the southernmost capital city of the world. The North and South Islands of New Zealand are located along the active Australian-Pacific tectonic plate boundary -- the Islands are only a small part of a larger submerged fragment of continental crust. The glancing collision of these two tectonic plates results in uplift of the land surface, expressed as low hills on North Island and the Southern Alps on South Island. Local topography visible in this view is a result of these tectonic forces and weathering processes, which have exerted a strong influence on the morphology of the city. Tightly clustered white rooftops and high building density of the central business district are visible to the south of the Westpac Stadium between vegetated (green) northeast-southwest trending ridges. Lower density development (gray gridded regions with scattered white rooftops) has spread eastwards along the Miramar Peninsula. Five major faults that run through the Wellington metropolitan area; the largest magnitude earthquake recorded in New Zealand (approximately 8.2 on the Richter Scale) occurred in 1855 on one of these (the Wairarapa Fault). Recognition of the potential seismic hazard in the metropolitan area has led to adoption of building codes to maximize structural resistance to earthquake damage.

Spirituelles Wohlbefinden und Coping bei Sklerodermie, Lupus erythematodes und malignem Melanom.

PubMed

Pilch, Michaela; Scharf, Sabina Nadine; Lukanz, Martin; Wutte, Nora Johanna; Fink-Puches, Regina; Glawischnig-Goschnik, Monika; Unterrainer, Human-Friedrich; Aberer, Elisabeth

2016-07-01

Religiös-spirituelles Wohlbefinden ist verbunden mit höherer Vitalität und verminderter Depressionsneigung. In unserer Studie untersuchten wir die Strategien zur Krankheitsbewältigung und die Rolle von Religiosität-Spiritualität (R-S) zur Verbesserung des subjektiven Wohlbefindens. 149 Patienten (107 Frauen), 44 mit systemischer Sklerodermie (SKL), 48 mit Lupus erythematodes (LE) und 57 mit malignem Melanom (MM), Stadium I-II, wurden mittels eines selbstentwickelten Fragebogens zum subjektiven Wohlbefinden, zu den mit der Erkrankung einhergehenden Umständen sowie mit dem Multidimensionalen Inventar (MI-RSB) zu R-S befragt. LE-Patienten sind zum Zeitpunkt der Diagnosestellung stärker belastet als SKL- und MM-Patienten. SKL- und LE-Patienten können erst nach Jahren die Erkrankung akzeptieren. Der Gesamtscore des religiös-spirituellen Befindens liegt bei LE-Patienten signifikant unter dem Wert der Normalbevölkerung. Fotosensitivität und Gelenksschmerzen sind bei LE-Patienten negativ assoziiert mit der Fähigkeit Vergeben zu können. SKL-Patienten mit Gesichtsveränderungen und Lungenbeteiligung zeigen höhere allgemeine Religiosität. MM-Patienten haben höhere Werte für transzendente Hoffnung. Vorträge über die Krankheit und psychologische Betreuung sind die wichtigsten Bedürfnisse von Patienten mit SKL, LE und MM an ihre Betreuer. Religiös-spirituelle Angebote zur Krankheitsverarbeitung scheinen derzeit eine untergeordnete Rolle zu spielen, könnten aber eine wichtige Ressource sein, der man in Zukunft mehr Aufmerksamkeit schenken sollte. © 2016 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Spectral and spatial variability of undisturbed and disturbed grass under different view and illumination directions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borel-Donohue, Christoph C.; Shivers, Sarah Wells; Conover, Damon

2017-05-01

It is well known that disturbed grass covered surfaces show variability with view and illumination conditions. A good example is a grass field in a soccer stadium that shows stripes indicating in which direction the grass was mowed. These spatial variations are due to a complex interplay of spectral characteristics of grass blades, density, their length and orientations. Viewing a grass surface from nadir or near horizontal directions results in observing different components. Views from a vertical direction show more variations due to reflections from the randomly oriented grass blades and their shadows. Views from near horizontal show a mixture of reflected and transmitted light from grass blades. An experiment was performed on a mowed grass surface which had paths of simulated heavy foot traffic laid down in different directions. High spatial resolution hyperspectral data cubes were taken by an imaging spectrometer covering the visible through near infrared over a period of time covering several hours. Ground truth grass reflectance spectra with a hand held spectrometer were obtained of undisturbed and disturbed areas. Close range images were taken of selected areas with a hand held camera which were then used to reconstruct the 3D geometry of the grass using structure-from-motion algorithms. Computer graphics rendering using raytracing of reconstructed and procedurally created grass surfaces were used to compute BRDF models. In this paper, we discuss differences between observed and simulated spectral and spatial variability. Based on the measurements and/or simulations, we derive simple spectral index methods to detect spatial disturbances and apply scattering models.

Comparative cervical profiles of adult and under-18 front-row rugby players: implications for playing policy.

PubMed

Hamilton, D F; Gatherer, D; Robson, J; Graham, N; Rennie, N; Maclean, J G B; Simpson, A H R W

2014-05-05

To compare the cervical isometric strength, fatigue endurance and range of motion of adult and under-18 age-grade front-row rugby players to inform the development of a safe age group policy with particular reference to scrummaging. Cross-sectional cohort study. 'Field testing' at Murrayfield stadium. 30 high-performance under-18 players and 22 adult front-row rugby players. Isometric neck strength, height, weight and grip strength. Youth players demonstrated the same height and grip strength as the adult players; however, the adults were significantly heavier and demonstrated substantially greater isometric strength (p<0.001). Only two of the 'elite' younger players could match the adult mean cervical isometric strength value. In contrast to school age players in general, grip strength was poorly associated with neck strength (r=0.2) in front-row players; instead, player weight (r=0.4) and the number of years' experience of playing in the front row (r=0.5) were the only relevant factors in multivariate modelling of cervical strength (R(2)=0.3). Extreme forces are generated between opposing front rows in the scrum and avoidance of mismatch is important if the risk of injury is to be minimised. Although elite youth front-row rugby players demonstrate the same peripheral strength as their adult counterparts on grip testing, the adults demonstrate significantly greater cervical strength. If older youths and adults are to play together, such findings have to be noted in the development of age group policies with particular reference to the scrum.

Drug use patterns at major rock concert events.

PubMed

Erickson, T B; Aks, S E; Koenigsberg, M; Bunney, E B; Schurgin, B; Levy, P

1996-07-01

To describe alcohol and drug use patterns in patients presenting to first aid stations at major rock concerts. We retrospectively reviewed all charts generated at the first aid stations of five major rock concerts featuring the rock groups Pink Floyd, the Grateful Dead, and the Rolling Stones. The first aid stations, located at a sports stadium, were staffed by paramedics, emergency medicine nurses, and physicians. We recorded the following data: patient demographics, history of drug or ethanol use, time spent by patient in first aid station, treatment rendered, diagnosis, and patient disposition. A total of 253, 286 spectators attended the five concert events. The rate of use of the first aid station was 1.2 per 1,000 patrons. The average age of the patrons was 26.3 +/- 7.9 years (range, 3 to 56 years). The most common diagnoses were minor trauma 130 (42%) and ethanol or illicit drug intoxication 98 (32%). Of the patients treated, 147 (48%) admitted to using illicit drugs or ethanol while attending the concerts. The median time spent in the first aid station was 15 +/- 22.5 minutes (range, 5 to 150 minutes). One hundred patients (32.5%) were treated and released, 98 (32%) were transported to emergency departments, and 110 (35.5%) signed out against medical advice. Minor trauma and the use of illicit drugs and ethanol were common in spectators presenting to first aid stations at these concert events. Physicians and paramedical personnel working at rock concerts should be aware of the current drug use patterns and should be trained in treating such drug use.

[Biography and dementia. Origin of challenging behavior in patients with multi-infarct dementia or senile dementia of the Alzheimer type in long term care with reference the biographical level].

PubMed

Höwler, Elisabeth

2011-10-01

The aim of this study was to explore the connection between the nature of agitated behaviour and meaningful biographical experiences within two types of dementia in a moderate stadium. The two dementia types included Alzheimer Disease (SDAT) and Multi-infarction aphrenia (MID). Biographical narrative interviews with 26 nursing home residents suffering from dementia have been concluded. Topics were their first thirty years of life (based on a foreign anamnesis). The challenging behaviour has been observed systematically in nursing situations. The data has been evaluated with the comparative casuistics method (Jüttemann, 1990). The behaviour has been measured with the CMAI-scale before and also after having moved to a nursing home. Residents behaviour patterns can be divided into three biographical central characters: Life as finding, life as emotional disorder and life as struggle. Institutional characteristics: Loss of near rhythms of life, losing control over the personal area, experience of social isolation and certain characteristics from nurses: staff detractions and the exercise of nursing actions which appears threats contribute to the phenomena. A disparity is shown between the types of dementia in terms of patterns of demonstrated behaviour. In addition gender differences could be shown. The recognition of the phenomena by means of the CMAI-scale elucidate that the phenomena appears for the first time or is stronger after the resettlement to a nursing home. These findings can improve nurses' understanding of the phenomena within long-term care.

Stress, Sleep and Recovery in Elite Soccer: A Critical Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Nédélec, Mathieu; Halson, Shona; Abaidia, Abd-Elbasset; Ahmaidi, Said; Dupont, Gregory

2015-10-01

In elite soccer, players are frequently exposed to various situations and conditions that can interfere with sleep, potentially leading to sleep deprivation. This article provides a comprehensive and critical review of the current available literature regarding the potential acute and chronic stressors (i.e., psychological, sociological and physiological stressors) placed on elite soccer players that may result in compromised sleep quantity and/or quality. Sleep is an essential part of the recovery process as it provides a number of important psychological and physiological functions. The effects of sleep disturbance on post-soccer match fatigue mechanisms and recovery time course are also described. Physiological and cognitive changes that occur when competing at night are often not conducive to sleep induction. Although the influence of high-intensity exercise performed during the night on subsequent sleep is still debated, environmental conditions (e.g., bright light in the stadium, light emanated from the screens) and behaviours related to evening soccer matches (e.g., napping, caffeine consumption, alcohol consumption) as well as engagement and arousal induced by the match may all potentially affect subsequent sleep. Apart from night soccer matches, soccer players are subjected to inconsistency in match schedules, unique team schedules and travel fatigue that may also contribute to the sleep debt. Sleep deprivation may be detrimental to the outcome of the recovery process after a match, resulting in impaired muscle glycogen repletion, impaired muscle damage repair, alterations in cognitive function and an increase in mental fatigue. The role of sleep in recovery is a complex issue, reinforcing the need for future research to estimate the quantitative and qualitative importance of sleep and to identify influencing factors. Efficient and individualised solutions are likely needed.

The effect of rugby match outcome on spectator aggression and intention to drink alcohol.

PubMed

Moore, Simon C; Shepherd, Jonathan P; Eden, Sam; Sivarajasingam, Vaseekaran

2007-01-01

Alcohol, aggression and assault injury are strongly associated with popular sporting events, but mediating factors are not clear. To explore aggression, happiness and plans to consume alcohol among spectators before and spectators after sports matches. Cross-sectional surveys of male rugby football fans at an international stadium generated four groups: a pre-match group of 111 men, and three post-match groups of supporters, 17 whose team had won, 23 whose team had lost and 46 whose team had drawn. Consenting participants were assessed using the assault sub-scale of the Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory, on a self-rating of happiness (Likert scale), for planned alcohol consumption and demographic variables. Pre- and post-match group mean responses were compared. Analyses were performed on 197 male spectators (mean age 42 years). Spectators in 'win' (z = 2.63, p < 0.01) and 'draw' (z = 2.76, p < 0.01) groups rated themselves as more aggressive than those in the pre-game group, but those in the losing group did not (z = -0.03, p > 0.05). No differences, however, were observed between pre-match, 'win', 'draw' or 'lose' groups on the decision to drink after the match. Winning did not increase happiness (t = 0.25, p > 0.05), but losing (t = 2.09, p < 0.05) or drawing (t = 7.64, p < 0.001) decreased it. This study suggests that team success but not failure may increase aggression among supporters, and that aggression, not celebration, drives post-match alcohol consumption. Losing and drawing decreased happiness but winning did not increase it. Better understanding of pathways to violence in these circumstances will pave the way for more effective prevention and management strategies.

Retrospektive Analyse von Zufallsbefunden, die bei Patienten mit kutanem malignen Malignom durch (18) F-Fluordeoxyglucose-PET/CT erhoben wurden.

PubMed

Conrad, Franziska; Winkens, Thomas; Kaatz, Martin; Goetze, Steven; Freesmeyer, Martin

2016-08-01

Bei der (18) F-Fluordeoxyglucose-Positronenemissionstomographie/Computertomographie (FDG-PET/CT) ergeben sich häufig Zufallsbefunde. In der vorliegenden Studie konzentrierten wir uns auf mittels FDG-PET/CT erhaltene Zufallsbefunde bei Patienten mit kutanem Melanom und überprüften deren Relevanz hinsichtlich weiterer diagnostischer Maßnahmen und Interventionen. Die Krankenakten von 181 konsekutiven Melanom-Patienten wurden retrospektiv ausgewertet, um das Management von Zufallsbefunden zu dokumentieren. Der Schwerpunkt lag dabei auf den histologischen Befunden. Bei 33 von 181 (18 %) Patienten lagen 39 relevante Zufallsbefunde vor, und zwar im Kolorektalbereich (n = 15 Patienten), in der Schilddrüse (n = 8), der Prostata (n = 2), dem Bewegungsapparat (n = 2), in Lymphknoten (n = 2), der Parotis (n = 1), den Mandeln (n = 1), den Nieren (n = 1) und der Gallenblase (n = 1). Bei 25 Patienten schlossen sich weitere diagnostische Verfahren an, wobei in 21 Fällen ein klinisches Korrelat nachgewiesen wurde. Bei 16 von 21 Patienten ergab sich eine Neoplasie, darunter fünf maligne Läsionen (vier Kolonkarzinome und ein Prostatakarzinom). Die Malignome wurden frühzeitig diagnostiziert und in der Mehrzahl der Fälle erfolgreich entfernt. Der Einsatz der FDG-PET/CT als Routine-Diagnostik wird in den Leitlinien empfohlen und ist indiziert bei malignem Melanom ab Stadium IIC. In dieser Studie wurden auf effektive Weise ansonsten nicht erkannte Krebserkrankungen, insbesondere Kolonkarzinome, detektiert. In den meisten Fällen war eine frühe Intervention möglich. Zufallsbefunde durch FDG-PET/CT sollten, unter Berücksichtigung des Zustands und der Wünsche des Patienten, mit den geeigneten diagnostischen Maßnahmen abgeklärt werden. © 2016 Deutsche Dermatologische Gesellschaft (DDG). Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Stadium IB - IIA cervical cancer patient’s survival rate after receiving definitive radiation and radical operation therapy followed by adjuvant radiation therapy along with analysis of factors affecting the patient’s survival rate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruslim, S. K.; Purwoto, G.; Widyahening, I. S.; Ramli, I.

2017-08-01

To evaluate the characteristics and overall survival rates of early stage cervical cancer (FIGO IB-IIA) patients who receive definitive radiation therapy and those who are prescribed adjuvant postoperative radiation and to conduct a factors analysis of the variables that affect the overall survival rates in both groups of therapy. The medical records of 85 patients with cervical cancer FIGO stages IB-IIA who were treated at the Department of Radiotherapy of Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital were reviewed and analyzed to determine their overall survival and the factors that affected it between a definitive radiation group and an adjuvant postoperative radiation group. There were 25 patients in the definitive radiation and 60 patients in the adjuvant radiation group. The overall survival rates in the adjuvant radiation group at years one, two, and three were 96.7%, 95%, and 93.3%, respectively. Negative lymph node metastasis had an average association with overall survival (p < 0.2). In the definitive radiation group, overall survival at years one, two, and three were 96%, 92%, and 92%, respectively. A hemoglobin (Hb) level >12 g/dl was a factor with an average association with the overall survival (p < 0.2). The differences between both groups of therapy were not statistically significant (92% vs. 93.3%; p = 0.138). This study did not show any statistically significant overall survival for cervical cancer FIGO stage IB-IIA patients who received definitive radiation or adjuvant postoperative radiation. Negative lymph node metastasis had an effect on the overall survival rate in the adjuvant postoperative radiation group, while a preradiation Hb level >12 g/dl tended to affect the overall survival in the definitive radiation group patients.

Derivation of a formula to predict patient volume based on temperature at college football games.

PubMed

Kman, Nicholas E; Russell, Gregory B; Bozeman, William P; Ehrman, Kevin; Winslow, James

2007-01-01

We sought to explore the relationship between temperature and spectator illness at Division I college football games by deriving a formula to predict the number of patrons seeking medical care based on the ambient temperature and attendance of the game. A retrospective review was conducted of medical records from 47 Division I college football games at two outdoor stadiums from 2001 through 2005. Any person presenting for medical care was counted as a patient seen. Weather data were collected from the National Weather Service. A binomial model was fit to the spectator illness records by using the patients seen per attendance as the outcome measure, with temperature as the predictor. Using a binomial model, a formula was derived to estimate the number of patients needing medical attention based on the temperature and the number of spectators in attendance. Predicted # of Patients = exp (-7.4383 - 0.24439* Temperature C + 0.0156032 * Temperature C(2) - 0.000229196 * Temperature(3)) * number of spectators; all factors were highly significant (p < 0.0001). The model suggests that as the temperature rises, the number of patients seeking medical attention will also increase. The formula shows that an increase in temperature from 20 to 21 degrees C will show an increase in patient encounters from 3.64 to 4.05 visits per 10,000 in attendance (an 11% increase). These results show that temperature is an important variable to consider when determining the medical resources needed in caring for spectators at outdoor football games. Our model may help providers predict the number of spectators presenting for medical care based on the forecasted temperature and predicted attendance.

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Four reindeer walk past the BARREL payload on the launch pad at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Image credit: NASA/University of Houston/Samar Mathur NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

A member of the BARREL team prepares a payload for launch from Esrange Space Center on Aug. 29, 2016. Throughout August 2016, the BARREL team was at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carried instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/Dartmouth/Alexa Halford NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The fourth BARREL balloon of this campaign sits on the launch pad shortly before it launched on Aug. 21, 2016. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/University of Houston/Michael Greer NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The third BARREL balloon floats towards the stratosphere on Aug. 21, 2016. This payload flew for nearly 30 hours, measuring X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/University of Houston/Michael Greer NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

A BARREL payload sits on the launch pad at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Image credit: NASA/University of Houston/Edgar Bering NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

A BARREL team member recovers the second payload after it landed. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Image credit: NASA/Montana State University/Arlo Johnson NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Prior to launch, the BARREL team works on the payload from the launch pad at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Image credit: NASA/Dartmouth/Robyn Millan NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The BARREL team prepares to launch their third payload from Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, on Aug. 21, 2016. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/University of Houston/Michael Greer NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

A BARREL team member watches as one of their payloads launches from Esrange Space Center on Aug. 29, 2016. Throughout August 2016, the BARREL team was at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carried instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/Dartmouth/Alexa Halford NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

A BARREL balloon inflates on the launch pad at Esrange Space Center on Aug. 29, 2016. Throughout August 2016, the BARREL team was at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carried instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/Dartmouth/Alexa Halford NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The first BARREL balloon is inflated just before its launch on Aug. 13, 2016, from Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Image credit: NASA/University of Houston/Edgar Bering NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The BARREL team inflates the balloon to launch their fifth scientific payload from Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, on Aug. 24, 2016. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/University of Houston/Michael Greer NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

A BARREL payload sits on the launch pad at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Image credit: NASA/Dartmouth/Robyn Millan NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Effects of temperature on development, mortality, mating and blood feeding behavior of Culiseta incidens (Diptera: Culicidae).

PubMed

Su, T; Mulla, M S

2001-06-01

Culiseta incidens Thomson is distributed over most of the western USA and Canada northward to Alaska. Because this mosquito is difficult to colonize, its biology has not been well investigated. We colonized this species in 1998 and studied the effects of temperature on various aspects of its life cycle. The time required for egg melanization and the duration of the egg stage were negatively correlated with temperature. The proportion of fertile egg rafts was temperature-independent. An inverse relationship existed between temperature and egg hatch. Molting and stadium duration after hatching were temperature-dependent, with higher temperature accelerating development and molting. Larvae and pupae experienced lower mortality and higher molting success at lower temperatures. Survivorship of adult mosquitoes fed on sugar solution was inversely proportional to temperature, lethal times for 50% mortality (LT50) were greater at the lower temperature than at the higher temperature. Females survived longer than did males at all test temperatures. Because this species is eurygamous, mating only occurred in large cages. Mating success was also affected by temperature. At the test temperatures, 20 degrees C, 25 degrees C and 30 degrees C, mating started from 3-5 days after emergence and reached a peak on days 13-15 after emergence. Maximum mating rates at 20 degrees C and 25 degrees C were higher than at 30 degrees C. Blood feeding, as indicated by cumulative feeding rates, was affected by cage size, mosquito age and temperature. Mosquitoes in large cages exhibited a much higher feeding rate than in small cages. With age, the cumulative blood feeding rate increased, with the highest rate at 25 degrees C, followed by 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. At all temperatures tested, most of the blood fed females were mated.

Effects of Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) expressed in tomato leaves on larvae of the tomato moth Lacanobia oleracea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) and the effect of GNA on the development of the endoparasitoid Meteorus gyrator (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

PubMed

Wakefield, M E; Bell, H A; Fitches, E C; Edwards, J P; Gatehouse, A M R

2006-02-01

The effect of ingestion of transgenic tomato leaves expressing the plant lectin Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) on development of larvae of Lacanobia oleracea (Linnaeus) was studied under laboratory conditions. When L. oleracea larvae were fed on tomato line 14.1H, expressing approximately 2.0% GNA, significant increases in the mean larval weight and in the amount of food consumed were found. This resulted in an overall reduction in the mean development time to the pupal stage of approximately 7 days. A significant increase in the percentage survival to the adult moth was also recorded when newly hatched larvae were reared on transgenic tomato leaves (72%) compared to larvae reared on untransformed leaves (40%). The effects of ingestion of GNA by L. oleracea larvae, via artificial diet or the leaves of transgenic tomato or potato plants, on the subsequent development of its solitary endoparasitoid Meteorus gyrator (Thunberg) was also studied. No significant effects on the life cycle parameters of M. gyrator developing in L. oleracea fed on GNA-containing diets were observed. Experiments with transgenic potato plants indicated that the stadium of the host larvae at parasitism had a greater influence on M. gyrator development than the presence of GNA. Potential GNA-binding glycoproteins were detected in the gut and body tissues of larval M. gyrator. Despite detection in host tissues, GNA could not be detected in adult M. gyrator and therefore it is likely that at the time of pupation M. gyrator are able to void the GNA in the meconial pellet.

No impact of transgenic nptII-leafy Pinus radiata (Pinales: Pinaceae) on Pseudocoremia suavis (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) or its endoparasitoid Meteorus pulchricornis (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).

PubMed

Burgess, E P J; Barraclough, E I; Kean, A M; Walter, C; Malone, L A

2011-10-01

To investigate the biosafety to insects of transgenic Pinus radiata D. Don containing the antibiotic resistance marker gene nptII and the reproductive control gene leafy, bioassays were conducted with an endemic lepidopteran pest of New Zealand plantation pine forests and a hymenopteran endoparasitoid. Larvae of the common forest looper, Pseudocoremia suavis (Butler), were fed from hatching on P. radiata needles from either one of two nptII-leafy transgenic clones, or an isogenic unmodified control line. For both unparasitized P. suavis and those parasitized by Meteorus pulchricornis (Wesmael), consuming transgenic versus control pine had no impact on larval growth rate or mass at any age, larval duration, survival, pupation or successful emergence as an adult. Total larval duration was 1 d (3%) longer in larvae fed nptII-2 than nptII-1, but this difference was considered trivial and neither differed from the control. In unparasitized P. suavis larvae, pine type consumed did not affect rate of pupation or adult emergence, pupal mass, or pupal duration. Pine type had no effect on the duration or survival of M. pulchricornis larval or pupal stages, mass of cocoons, stage at which they died, adult emergence, or fecundity. Parasitism by M. pulchricornis reduced P. suavis larval growth rate, increased the duration of the third larval stadium, and resulted in the death of all host larvae before pupation. The lack of impact of an exclusive diet of nptII-leafy transgenic pines on the life history of P. suavis and M. pulchricornis suggests that transgenic plantation pines expressing nptII are unlikely to affect insect populations in the field.

Research on the theory and methodology of integrating GIS and MAS and its application in simulating of pedestrians flows in a crowd's activity centre of Shanghai metropolitan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Miaolong; Chen, Peng

2006-10-01

Based on the development trend of research on urban morphology and its evolution from macro scale to micro scale, a new tight-coupling integrating method of GIS and MAS has been discussed briefly in this paper. After analyzing the characteristics and mechanism of pedestrian's flows in a crowds' activity center in a metropolitan, a prototype and mathematical expression of pedestrian's flows simulation have been put forward in the paper. A few key expressions and techniques for treating the specific behaviors of pedestrians flows, especially how the individuals of the flows make a decision to follow a original designed direction, how to make a decision whether stop or change his movement and select a new direction when the individuals meet a obstacle have been explored and discussed in detail. Using some tools provided by general GIS systems (such as ArcGIS 9) and a few specific programming languages, a new software system integrating GIS and MAS applicable for simulating pedestrians flows in a crowd activity centre has been developed successfully. Under the environment supported by the software system, as an applicable case, a dynamic evolution process of the pedestrian's flows (dispersed process for the spectators) in a crowds' activity center - The Shanghai Stadium has been simulated successfully. The successful simulating of a case of emergence when one or more exits emerge accidents will be very useful for managing and treating crowds' safety in a lot of assembling centers. At the end of the paper, some new research problems have been pointed out for the future.

Controlling droplet spreading with topography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kant, P.; Hazel, A. L.; Dowling, M.; Thompson, A. B.; Juel, A.

2017-09-01

We present an experimental system that can be used to study the dynamics of a picoliter droplet (in-flight radius of 12.2 μ m ) as it spreads over substrates with topographic variations. We concentrate on the spreading of a droplet within a recessed stadium-shaped pixel, with applications to the manufacture of polymer organic light-emitting-diode displays, and find that the sloping sidewall of the pixel can either locally enhance or hinder spreading depending on whether the topography gradient ahead of the contact line is positive or negative, respectively. Locally enhanced spreading occurs via the formation of thin pointed rivulets along the sidewalls of the pixel through a mechanism similar to capillary rise in sharp corners. We demonstrate that a simplified model involving quasistatic surface-tension effects within the framework of a thin-film approximation combined with an experimentally measured dynamic spreading law, relating the speed of the contact line to the contact angle, provides excellent predictions of the evolving liquid morphologies. A key feature of the liquid-substrate interaction studied here is the presence of significant contact angle hysteresis, which enables the persistence of noncircular fluid morphologies. We also show that the spreading law for an advancing contact line can be adequately approximated by a Cox-Voinov law for the majority of the evolution. The model does not include viscous effects in the bulk of the droplet and hence the time scales for the propagation of the thin pointed rivulets are not captured. Nonetheless, this simple model can be used very effectively to predict the areas covered by the liquid and may serve as a useful design tool for systems that require precise control of liquid on substrates.

Trib3 Is Developmentally and Nutritionally Regulated in the Brain but Is Dispensable for Spatial Memory, Fear Conditioning and Sensing of Amino Acid-Imbalanced Diet

PubMed Central

Örd, Tiit; Innos, Jürgen; Lilleväli, Kersti; Tekko, Triin; Sütt, Silva; Örd, Daima; Kõks, Sulev; Vasar, Eero; Örd, Tõnis

2014-01-01

Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) is a mammalian pseudokinase that is induced in neuronal cell cultures in response to cell death-inducing stresses, including neurotrophic factor deprivation. TRIB3 is an inhibitor of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), the central transcriptional regulator in the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) phosphorylation pathway that is involved in the cellular stress response and behavioral processes. In this article, we study the expression of Trib3 in the mouse brain, characterize the brain morphology of mice with a genetic ablation of Trib3 and investigate whether Trib3 deficiency alters eIF2α-dependent cognitive abilities. Our data show that the consumption of a leucine-deficient diet induces Trib3 expression in the anterior piriform cortex, the brain region responsible for detecting essential amino acid intake imbalance. However, the aversive response to leucine-devoid diet does not differ in Trib3 knockout and wild type mice. Trib3 deletion also does not affect long-term spatial memory and reversal learning in the Morris water maze and auditory or contextual fear conditioning. During embryonic development, Trib3 expression increases in the brain and persists in the early postnatal stadium. Neuroanatomical characterization of mice lacking Trib3 revealed enlarged lateral ventricles. Thus, although the absence of Trib3 does not alter the eIF2α pathway-dependent cognitive functions of several areas of the brain, including the hippocampus, amygdala and anterior piriform cortex, Trib3 may serve a role in other central nervous system processes and molecular pathways. PMID:24732777

A practical implementation of free viewpoint video system for soccer games

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suenaga, Ryo; Suzuki, Kazuyoshi; Tezuka, Tomoyuki; Panahpour Tehrani, Mehrdad; Takahashi, Keita; Fujii, Toshiaki

2015-03-01

In this paper, we present a free viewpoint video generation system with billboard representation for soccer games. Free viewpoint video generation is a technology that enables users to watch 3-D objects from their desired viewpoints. Practical implementation of free viewpoint video for sports events is highly demanded. However, a commercially acceptable system has not yet been developed. The main obstacles are insufficient user-end quality of the synthesized images and highly complex procedures that sometimes require manual operations. In this work, we aim to develop a commercially acceptable free viewpoint video system with a billboard representation. A supposed scenario is that soccer games during the day can be broadcasted in 3-D, even in the evening of the same day. Our work is still ongoing. However, we have already developed several techniques to support our goal. First, we captured an actual soccer game at an official stadium where we used 20 full-HD professional cameras. Second, we have implemented several tools for free viewpoint video generation as follow. In order to facilitate free viewpoint video generation, all cameras should be calibrated. We calibrated all cameras using checker board images and feature points on the field (cross points of the soccer field lines). We extract each player region from captured images manually. The background region is estimated by observing chrominance changes of each pixel in temporal domain (automatically). Additionally, we have developed a user interface for visualizing free viewpoint video generation using a graphic library (OpenGL), which is suitable for not only commercialized TV sets but also devices such as smartphones. However, practical system has not yet been completed and our study is still ongoing.

Visions of our Planet's Atmosphere, Land and Oceans: NASA/NOAA Electronic-Theater 2002. Spectacular Visualizations of our Blue Marble

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasler, A. F.; Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Spectacular Visualizations of our Blue Marble The NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater presents Earth science observations and visualizations in a historical perspective. Fly in from outer space to the 2002 Winter Olympic Stadium Site of the Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies in Salt Lake City. Fly in and through Olympic Alpine Venues using 1 m IKONOS "Spy Satellite" data. Go back to the early weather satellite images from the 1960s and see them contrasted with the latest US and international global satellite weather movies including hurricanes & "tornadoes". See the latest visualizations of spectacular images from NASA/NOAA remote sensing missions like Terra, GOES, TRMM, SeaWiFS, Landsat 7 including new 1 - min GOES rapid scan image sequences of Nov 9th 2001 Midwest tornadic thunderstorms and have them explained. See how High-Definition Television (HDTV) is revolutionizing the way we communicate science. (In cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History in NYC). See dust storms in Africa and smoke plumes from fires in Mexico. See visualizations featured on the covers of Newsweek, TIME, National Geographic, Popular Science & on National & International Network TV. New computer software tools allow us to roam & zoom through massive global images e.g. Landsat tours of the US, and Africa, showing desert and mountain geology as well as seasonal changes in vegetation. See animations of the polar ice packs and the motion of gigantic Antarctic Icebergs from SeaWinds data. Spectacular new visualizations of the global atmosphere & oceans are shown. See vertexes and currents in the global oceans that bring up the nutrients to feed tiny algae and draw the fish, whales and fisherman. See the how the ocean blooms in response to these currents and El Nicola Nina climate changes. See the city lights, fishing fleets, gas flares and biomass burning of the Earth at night observed by the "night-vision" DMSP military satellite.

Fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal, 2008-2011: analysis of surveillance data

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Nepal is one of the post-conflict countries affected by violence from explosive devices. We undertook this study to assess the magnitude of injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal during 2008-2011 and to describe time trends and epidemiologic patterns for these events. Methods We analyzed surveillance data on fatal and non-fatal injuries due to intentional explosions in Nepal that occurred between 1 January 2008 and 31 December 2011. The case definition included casualties injured or killed by explosive devices knowingly activated by an individual or a group of individuals with the intent to harm, hurt or terrorize. Data were collected through media-based and active community-based surveillance. Results Analysis included 437 casualties injured or killed in 131 intentional explosion incidents. A decrease in the number of incidents and casualties between January 2008 and June 2009 was followed by a pronounced increase between July 2010 and June 2011. Eighty-four (19.2%) casualties were among females and 40 (9.2%) were among children under 18 years of age. Fifty-nine (45.3%) incidents involved one casualty, 47 (35.9%) involved 2 to 4 casualties, and 6 involved more than 10 casualties. The overall case-fatality ratio was 7.8%. The highest numbers of incidents occurred in streets or at crossroads, in victims’ homes, and in shops or markets. Incidents on buses and near stadiums claimed the highest numbers of casualties per incident. Socket, sutali, and pressure cooker bombs caused the highest numbers of incidents. Conclusions Intentional explosion incidents still pose a threat to the civilian population of Nepal. Most incidents are caused by small homemade explosive devices and occur in public places, and males aged 20 to 39 account for a plurality of casualties. Stakeholders addressing the explosive device problem in Nepal should continue to use surveillance data to plan interventions. PMID:23514664

Evaluating the performance of a 50 kilowatt grid-connected photovoltaic system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chowdhury, B.H.; Muknahallipatn, S.; Cupal, J.J.

A 50-kilowatt solar photovoltaic (PV) system was built at the University of Wyoming (UW) in 1996. The system comprises of three sub-systems. The first sub-system, a 10 kW roof-integrated system is located on the roof of the Engineering Building. The second sub-system is a 5 kW rack-mounted, ballasted PV system located on another part of the roof. The third sub-system is a 35 kW shade structure and is located adjacent to the university's football stadium. The three sub-systems differ in their design strategy since each is being used for research and education at the university. Each sub-system, being located atmore » some distance away from one another, supplies a different part of the campus grid. Efforts are continuing for setting up a central monitoring system, which will receive data remotely from all locations. A part of this monitoring system is complete. The system as configured provides a great deal of flexibility, which is in turn demanded by the variety of signal types measured at each installation. Each installation requires measurement of multiple dc and ac voltages and currents and one slowly varying voltage (proportional to solar insolation). The simultaneous sampling, fast sample rate, and lowpass signal conditioning allow for accurate measurement of power factor and total harmonic distortion of the inverter outputs. Panel and inverter efficiencies can be determined via simultaneous DC and AC measurements. These performance monitors provide the essential data for characterization of the PV effect at the grid input, and enable the use of intelligent power factor correction and harmonic filtering. Monitoring of the system shows that the total harmonic distortion present in the ac power output is at or below the acceptable limit as recommended by IEEE 519-1992. The harmonic distortion worsens when the ac power reaches more than 3.8 kW. A number of reliability problems with PV modules and inverters have delayed full functionality of the system.« less

Rates of concussion are lower in National Football League games played at higher altitudes.

PubMed

Myer, Gregory D; Smith, David; Barber Foss, Kim D; Dicesare, Christopher A; Kiefer, Adam W; Kushner, Adam M; Thomas, Staci M; Sucharew, Heidi; Khoury, Jane C

2014-03-01

Retrospective epidemiologic investigation. To investigate the relationship between altitude and concussion rate in the National Football League (NFL). Because of the physiologic responses that occur during acclimatization to altitude, it was hypothesized that games played on fields at a higher altitude would have reduced concussion rates compared to games played on fields at a lower altitude. Recent research indicates that the elevation above sea level at which football games are played may be associated with the likelihood of a concussion in high school football athletes. Data on incident concussions and athlete exposures for the first 16 weeks of the NFL 2012 and 2013 regular seasons were obtained from publicly available web-based sources and used to calculate competition concussion rates for each NFL stadium. Concussion rates were analyzed in relation to game elevation. During the first 16 weeks of the 2012 and 2013 NFL regular seasons, 300 concussions, involving 284 players, were reported (64.3 primary cases per 10,000 game exposures). The odds of a concussion were 30% lower when playing at a higher elevation (equal to or greater than 644 ft [196.3 m] above sea level) compared to a lower elevation (odds ratio = 0.70; 95% confidence interval: 0.53, 0.94). A multivariable generalized linear model controlling for season, week, and clustering of team at home and away confirmed these results, showing that the odds of at least 1 concussion were reduced by 32% in games played at higher elevation. The results of this epidemiological investigation indicate that increased altitude was associated with a reduction in the odds of a sport-related concussion in NFL athletes. The reported relationship of concussion incidence and field elevation should be further investigated, and, if verified, further work will be needed to understand why that relationship exists. Prognosis, level 2c.

Organ transplants and education: experience of the Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre with subjects.

PubMed

Pereira, J D; Pereira, C M d V; Soares, F M; Cruz, L V; Zago, M K; Girotto, M C; Garcia, C D; Garcia, V D

2014-01-01

Today there is an insufficient number of donated organs in Brazil. This is particularly due to the general population's and health care professionals' lack of information. Therefore, with this project we intend to consolidate knowledge on organ donation to teach health care students of different areas so they are able to propagate such knowledge. In 2006, at Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre, an "Organ donation and transplants" subject was created, with the aim to educate health care students. In the next years, it was split in two subjects, named "Introduction to transplants" and "Donation and transplants." By enrolling, students get theoretical classes and practical experience in out- and inpatient facilities and in surgical environments at the Santa Casa Hospital Complex. Furthermore, they can participate in campaigns at parks, stadiums, and health care fairs that take place at several schools in Porto Alegre. To finish the subjects, students present a conclusion report. Seven years after implementation of the subject, and with more than 400 students enrolled, several accomplishments can be highlighted. For example, the creation of the Organ Transplantation League, the implementation of a day to spread conception of the donation-transplant process (with the elaboration of a Web page on the subject), and the release of a book on the subject written by students and professors. Health care professionals' education is a central point in donation and transplant process. This is because they become, inevitably, educators, and this brings a long-term consequence, consisting of enhanced logistics skills on brain-death diagnosis and further transfer of information to the population (hopefully reducing denial by families at the time of the donation). We conclude that this is a project to be followed by other medical schools so that, effectively, the number of donors increases and, consequently, the transplantation of organs and tissues as well. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Sentinel node detection in early stage of cervical carcinoma using 99mTc-nanocolloid and blue dye].

PubMed

Sevcík, L; Klát, J; Gráf, P; Koliba, P; Curík, R; Kraft, O

2007-04-01

The aim of the study was to analyse the feasibility of intraoperative sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) detection using gamma detection probe and blue dye in patients undergoing radical hysterectomy for treatment of early stage of cervical cancer. Prospective case observational study. In the period from May 2004 to February 2006 77 patients with early stage of cervical cancer who underwent a radical surgery were included into the study. Patients were divided into three groups according to the tumour volume. First group consists of patients FIGO IA2 and FIGO IB1 with tumour diameter less than 2 cm, second group tumours FIGO IB1 with tumour diameter more than 2 cm and third group stadium IB2. SLN was detected by blue dye and Tc99. Preoperative lymphoscintigraphy was done after Tc99 colloid injection, intraoperative detection was performed by visual observation and by hand-held gamma-detection probe. SLN were histologically and immunohistochemically analysed. A total number of 2764 lymph nodes with an average 36 and 202 SLN with an average 2.6 were identified. The SLN detection rate was 94.8% per patient and 85.1% for the side of dissection and depends on the tumor volume. SLN were identified in obturator area in 48%, in external iliac area in 15%, in common iliac and internal iliac both in 9%, in interiliac region in 8%, in praesacral region in 6% and in parametrial area in 5%. Metastatic disease was detected in 31 patients (40.2%), metastatic involvement of SLN only in 12 patients (15.6%). False negative rate was 2.6%, sensitivity and negative predictive value calculated by patient were 923% and 95.7%. Intraoperative lymphatic mapping using combination of technecium-99-labeled nanocolloid and blue dye are feasible, safe and accurate techniques to identified SLN in early stage of cervical cancer.

Computer-facilitated assessment of disaster preparedness for remote hospitals in a long-distance, virtual tabletop drill model.

PubMed

Gillett, Brian; Silverberg, Mark; Roblin, Patricia; Adelaine, John; Valesky, Walter; Arquilla, Bonnie

2011-06-01

Emergency preparedness experts generally are based at academic or governmental institutions. A mechanism for experts to remotely facilitate a distant hospital's disaster readiness is lacking. The objective of this study was to develop and examine the feasibility of an Internet-based software tool to assess disaster preparedness for remote hospitals using a long-distance, virtual, tabletop drill. An Internet-based system that remotely acquires information and analyzes disaster preparedness for hospitals at a distance in a virtual, tabletop drill model was piloted. Nine hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa designated as receiving institutions for the 2010 FIFA World Cup Games and its organizers, utilized the system over a 10-week period. At one-week intervals, the system e-mailed each hospital's leadership a description of a stadium disaster and instructed them to login to the system and answer questions relating to their hospital's state of readiness. A total of 169 questions were posed relating to operational and surge capacities, communication, equipment, major incident planning, public relations, staff safety, hospital supplies, and security in each hospital. The system was used to analyze answers and generate a real-time grid that reflected readiness as a percent for each hospital in each of the above categories. It also created individualized recommendations of how to improve preparedness for each hospital. To assess feasibility of such a system, the end users' compliance and response times were examined. Overall, compliance was excellent with an aggregate response rate of 98%. The mean response interval, defined as the time elapsed between sending a stimuli and receiving a response, was eight days (95% CI = 8-9 days). A web-based data acquisition system using a virtual, tabletop drill to remotely facilitate assessment of disaster preparedness is efficient and feasible. Weekly reinforcement for disaster preparedness resulted in strong compliance.

A Physicist Looks at the Terrorist Threat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muller, Richard

2009-05-01

Many people fear a terrorist nuclear device, smuggled into the United States, as the one weapon that could surpass the destruction and impact of 9-11. I'll review the design of nuclear weapons, with emphasis on the kinds that can be developed by rogue nations, terrorist groups, and high-school students. Saddam, prior to the first gulf war, was developing a uranium bomb, similar to the one that destroyed Hiroshima. His calutrons (named after my university) were destroyed by the United Nations. The North Korean nuclear weapon was, like the U.S. bomb used on Nagasaki, based on plutonium. Its test released the energy equivalent of about 400 tons of TNT. Although some people have speculated that they were attempting to build a small bomb, it is far more likely that this weapon was a fizzle, with less than 1 percent of the plutonium exploded. In contrast, the energy released from burning jet fuel at the 9-11 World Trade Center attack was the equivalent of 900 tons of TNT for each plane -- over twice that of the North Korean Nuke. The damage came from the fact that gasoline delivers 10 kilocalories per gram, about 15 times the energy of an equal weight of TNT. It is this huge energy per gram that also accounts for our addiction to gasoline; per gram, high performance lithium-ion computer batteries carry only 1 percent as much energy. A dirty bomb (radiological weapon) is also unattractive to terrorists because of the threhold effect: doses less than 100 rem produce no radiation illness and will leave no dead bodies at the scene. That may be why al Qaeda instructed Jose Padilla to abandon his plans for a dirty bomb attack in Chicago, and to try a fossil fuel attack (natural gas) instead. I will argue that the biggest terrorist threat is the conventional low-tech one, such as an airplane attack on a crowded stadium using the explosive fuel that they can legally buy at the corner station.

Earth Observation taken by the Expedition 25 crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-10-05

ISS025-E-008532 (5 Oct. 2010) --- Photographed by an Expedition 25 crew member on the International Space Station, this highly detailed photograph highlights the Reliant Park area of the Houston, TX “inner loop”, defined as that part of the metropolitan area located within Interstate Highway 610 that rings the downtown area. Reliant Park includes two large sports complexes visible at center, Reliant Stadium and Reliant Astrodome. Houston is the location of the NASA Johnson Space Center (out of frame) and is notable among major US metropolitan areas for its lack of formal zoning ordinances (other forms of regulation play a similar role here). This leads to highly mixed land use within the urban and suburban areas of the city. The land uses adjacent to Reliant Park include large asphalt parking areas, vacant lots with a mixture of green grass cover and brown exposed topsoil, and both single- and multi-family residential areas. A forested area (dark green, lower left) is located less than two kilometers from the parking lots of Reliant Park. This subset of a handheld digital camera image has a spatial resolution of 2-3 meters per pixel (or picture element), making it one of the highest spatial resolution images yet obtained from the space station. Such high image resolution is made possible by using lens “doublers” to increase the optical magnification of camera lenses. As important is active ISS motion compensation by experienced astronauts during photography. Motion compensation requires the astronaut to pan the camera by hand at just the right rate, keeping the object at the same point in the viewfinder. The technique involves bracing oneself against the space station bulkhead to prevent movement related to weightlessness. Early attempts produce a “smeared” image that looks out of focus. Traditional short lens photography is easier because it does not require motion compensation.

Visions of our Planet's Atmosphere, Land and Oceans: NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haser, Fritz; Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater presents Earth science observations and visualizations in a historical perspective. Fly in from outer space to the 2002 Winter Olympic Stadium Site of the Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies in Salt Lake City. Fly in and through Olympic Alpine Venues using 1 m IKONOS "Spy Satellite" data. Go back to the early weather satellite images from the 1960s and see them contrasted with the latest US and international global satellite weather movies including hurricanes and "tornadoes". See the latest visualizations of spectacular images from NASA/NOAA remote sensing missions like Terra, GOES, TRMM, SeaWiFS, Landsat 7 including new 1 - min GOES rapid scan image sequences of Nov 9th 2001 Midwest tornadic thunderstorms and have them explained. See how High-Definition Television (HDTV) is revolutionizing the way we communicate science. (In cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History in NYC) See dust storms in Africa and smoke plumes from fires in Mexico. See visualizations featured on the covers of Newsweek, TIME, National Geographic, Popular Science and on National and International Network TV. New computer software tools allow us to roam and zoom through massive global images e.g. Landsat tours of the US, and Africa, showing desert and mountain geology as well as seasonal changes in vegetation. See animations of the polar ice packs and the motion of gigantic Antarctic Icebergs from SeaWinds. data. Spectacular new visualizations of the global atmosphere and oceans are shown. See vortexes and currents in the global oceans that bring up the nutrients to feed tiny algae and draw the fish, whales and fisherman. See the how the ocean blooms in response to these currents and El Nino/La Nina climate changes. See the city lights, fishing fleets, gas flares and bio-mass burning of the Earth at night observed by the "night-vision" DMSP military satellite.

NASA's BARREL Mission in Sweden

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

The faint green glow of aurora can be seen above the clouds at Esrange Space Center in this photo from Aug. 23, 2016. Auroras are created by energetic electrons, which rain down from Earth’s magnetic bubble and interact with particles in the upper atmosphere to create glowing lights that stretch across the sky. The BARREL team is at Esrange Space Center near Kiruna, Sweden, launching a series of six scientific payloads on miniature scientific balloons. The NASA-funded BARREL – which stands for Balloon Array for Radiation-belt Relativistic Electron Losses – primarily measures X-rays in Earth’s atmosphere near the North and South Poles. These X-rays are produced by electrons raining down into the atmosphere from two giant swaths of radiation that surround Earth, called the Van Allen belts. Learning about the radiation near Earth helps us to better protect our satellites. Several of the BARREL balloons also carry instruments built by undergraduate students to measure the total electron content of Earth’s ionosphere, as well as the low-frequency electromagnetic waves that help to scatter electrons into Earth’s atmosphere. Though about 90 feet in diameter, the BARREL balloons are much smaller than standard football stadium-sized scientific balloons. This is the fourth campaign for the BARREL mission. BARREL is led by Dartmouth College in Hanover, New Hampshire. The undergraduate student instrument team is led by the University of Houston and funded by the Undergraduate Student Instrument Project out of NASA’s Wallops Flight Facility. For more information on NASA’s scientific balloon program, visit: www.nasa.gov/scientificballoons. Credit: NASA/University of Houston/Michael Greer NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Status of VESAS: a fully-electronic microwave imaging radiometer system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schreiber, Eric; Peichl, Markus; Suess, Helmut

2010-04-01

Present applications of microwave remote sensing systems cover a large variety. One utilisation of the frequency range from 1 - 300 GHz is the domain of security and reconnaissance. Examples are the observation of critical infrastructures or the performance of security checks on people in order to detect concealed weapons or explosives, both being frequent threats in our world of growing international terrorism. The imaging capability of concealed objects is one of the main advantages of microwave remote sensing, because of the penetration performance of electromagnetic waves through dielectric materials in this frequency domain. The main physical effects used in passive microwave sensing rely on the naturally generated thermal radiation and the physical properties of matter, the latter being surface characteristics, chemical and physical composition, and the temperature of the material. As a consequence it is possible to discriminate objects having different material characteristics like ceramic weapons or plastic explosives with respect to the human body. Considering the use of microwave imaging with respect to people scanning systems in airports, railway stations, or stadiums, it is advantageous that passively operating devices generate no exposure on the scanned objects like actively operating devices do. For frequently used security gateways it is additionally important to have a high through-put rate in order to minimize the queue time. Consequently fast imaging systems are necessary. In this regard the conceptual idea of a fully-electronic microwave imaging radiometer system is introduced. The two-dimensional scanning mechanism is divided into a frequency scan in one direction and the method of aperture synthesis in the other. The overall goal here is to design a low-cost, fully-electronic imaging system with a frame rate of around one second at Ka band. This frequency domain around a center frequency of 37 GHz offers a well-balanced compromise between the achievable spatial resolution for a given size, and the penetration depth of the electromagnetic wave, which are conflictive requirements.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitri, F. G., E-mail: F.G.Mitri@ieee.org

This paper presents two key contributions; the first concerns the development of analytical expressions for the axial and transverse acoustic radiation forces exerted on a 2D rigid elliptical cylinder placed in the field of plane progressive, quasi-standing, or standing waves with arbitrary incidence. The second emphasis is on the acoustic radiation torque per length. The rigid elliptical cylinder case is important to be considered as a first-order approximation of the behavior of a cylindrical fluid column trapped in air because of the significant acoustic impedance mismatch at the particle boundary. Based on the rigorous partial-wave series expansion method in cylindricalmore » coordinates, non-dimensional acoustic radiation force and torque functions are derived and defined in terms of the scattering coefficients of the elliptic cylinder. A coupled system of linear equations is obtained after applying the Neumann boundary condition for an immovable surface in a non-viscous fluid and solved numerically by matrix inversion after performing a single numerical integration procedure. Computational results for the non-dimensional force components and torque, showing the transition from the progressive to the (equi-amplitude) standing wave behavior, are performed with particular emphasis on the aspect ratio a/b, where a and b are the semi-axes of the ellipse, the dimensionless size parameter, as well as the angle of incidence ranging from end-on to broadside incidence. The results show that the elliptical geometry has a direct influence on the radiation force and torque, so that the standard theory for circular cylinders (at normal incidence) leads to significant miscalculations when the cylinder cross section becomes non-circular. Moreover, the elliptical cylinder experiences, in addition to the acoustic radiation force, a radiation torque that vanishes for the circular cylinder case. The application of the formalism presented here may be extended to other 2D surfaces of arbitrary shape, such as Chebyshev cylindrical particles with a small deformation, stadiums (with oval shape), or other non-circular geometries.« less

Flood impact assessment on the development of Archaia Olympia riparian area in Greece.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pasaporti, Christina; Podimata, Marianthi; Yannopoulos, Panayotis

2013-04-01

A long list of articles in the literature examines several issues of flood risk management and applications of flood scenarios, taking into consideration the climate changes, as well as decision making tools in flood planning. The present study tries to highlight the conversation concerning flood impacts on the development rate of a riparian area. More specifically, Archaia (Ancient) Olympia watershed was selected as a case study area, since it is considered as a region of special interest and international significance. In addition, Alfeios River, which is the longest river of Peloponnisos Peninsula, passes through the plain of Archaia Olympia. Flood risk scenarios allow scientists and practitioners to understand the adverse effects of flooding on development activities such as farming, tourism etc. and infrastructures in the area such as road and railway networks, Flokas dam and the hydroelectric power plant, bridges, settlements and other properties. Flood risks cause adverse consequences on the region of Archaia Olympia (Ancient Olympic stadium) and Natura 2000 site area. Furthermore, SWOT analysis was used in order to quantify multicriteria and socio-economic characteristics of the study area. SWOT analysis, as a planning method, indicates the development perspective by identifying the strengths, weaknesses, threads and opportunities. Subsequent steps in the process of intergraded River Management Plan of Archaia Olympia could be derived from SWOT analysis. The recognition and analysis of hydro-geomorphological influences on riparian development activities can lead to the definition of hazardous and vulnerability zones and special warning equipment. The former information combined with the use of the spatial database for the catchment area of the River Alfeios, which aims to gather multiple watershed data, could serve in preparing the Management Plan of River Basin District 01 where Alfeios R. belongs. Greece has to fulfill the obligation of implementing River Basin Management Plans according to the European Water Framework Directive (WFD-EC 2000/60) and the European Directive on the assessment and management of the flood risk (EC 2007/60).

Photovoltaic fibers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaudiana, Russell; Eckert, Robert; Cardone, John; Ryan, James; Montello, Alan

2006-08-01

It was realized early in the history of Konarka that the ability to produce fibers that generate power from solar energy could be applied to a wide variety of applications where fabrics are utilized currently. These applications include personal items such as jackets, shirts and hats, to architectural uses such as awnings, tents, large covers for cars, trucks and even doomed stadiums, to indoor furnishings such as window blinds, shades and drapes. They may also be used as small fabric patches or fiber bundles for powering or recharging batteries in small sensors. Power generating fabrics for clothing is of particular interest to the military where they would be used in uniforms and body armor where portable power is vital to field operations. In strong sunlight these power generating fabrics could be used as a primary source of energy, or they can be used in either direct sunlight or low light conditions to recharge batteries. Early in 2002, Konarka performed a series of proof-of-concept experiments to demonstrate the feasibility of building a photovoltaic cell using dye-sensitized titania and electrolyte on a metal wire core. The approach taken was based on the sequential coating processes used in making fiber optics, namely, a fiber core, e.g., a metal wire serving as the primary electrode, is passed through a series of vertically aligned coating cups. Each of the cups contains a coating fluid that has a specific function in the photocell. A second wire, used as the counter electrode, is brought into the process prior to entering the final coating cup. The latter contains a photopolymerizable, transparent cladding which hardens when passed through a UV chamber. Upon exiting the UV chamber, the finished PV fiber is spooled. Two hundred of foot lengths of PV fiber have been made using this process. When the fiber is exposed to visible radiation, it generates electrical power. The best efficiency exhibited by these fibers is 6% with an average value in the 4-5 % range.

Effect of position, time in the season, and playing surface on Achilles tendon ruptures in NFL games: a 2009-10 to 2016-17 review.

PubMed

Krill, Michael K; Borchers, James R; Hoffman, Joshua T; Krill, Matthew L; Hewett, Timothy E

2017-09-01

Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures are a potentially career-altering and ending injury. Achilles tendon ruptures have a below average return-to-play rate compared to other common orthopaedic procedures for National Football League (NFL) players. The objective of this study was to monitor the incidence and injury rates (IR) of AT ruptures that occurred during the regular season in order to evaluate the influence of player position, time of injury, and playing surface on rupture rates. A thorough online review was completed to identify published injury reports and public information regarding AT ruptures sustained during regular season and post-season games in the National Football League (NFL) during the 2009-10 to 2016-17 seasons. Team schedules, player position details and stadium information was used to determine period of the season of injury and playing surface. IRs were calculated per 100 team games (TG). Injury rate ratios (IRR) were utilized to compare IRs. During eight monitored seasons, there were 44 AT ruptures in NFL games. A majority of AT ruptures were sustained in the first eight games of the regular season (n = 32, 72.7%). There was a significant rate difference for the first and second four-game segments of the regular season compared to the last two four-game segments of the regular season. Defensive players suffered a majority of AT ruptures (n = 32, 72.7%). The IR on grass was 1.00 per 100 TG compared to 1.08 per 100 TG on artificial turf (IRR: 0.93, p = .80). A significant increase in AT ruptures occurred in the first and second four game segments of the regular season compared to the last two-four game segments of the regular season. Defensive players suffered a majority of AT ruptures compared to offensive or specialist players. There was no difference between AT rupture rates and playing surface in games.

Washington, D.C. and the Baltimore, Maryland area

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-15

SL3-83-166 (July-September 1973) --- A vertical view of the Washington D.C. and the Baltimore, Maryland area is seen in the Skylab 3 Earth Resources Experiments Package S190-B (five-inch Earth terrain camera) photograph taken from the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. The Chesapeake Bay is on the right (east) side of the picture. The Potomac River flows through the Washington area in the lower left (southwest) corner of the photograph. Several transportation routes and major highways stand out very distinctly. Especially conspicuous are the beltways around the cities, Interstate 95 between Baltimore and the nation?s capitol and Interstate 70N leading west from Baltimore. The tunnel and harbor facilities in Baltimore show clearly, also. Identifiable features in the Washington area include the Capitol Building, the Mall area, Robert F. Kennedy Stadium (white circle), the five bridges across the Potomac, Andrews Air Force Base (on east loop), and the smaller Anacostia River. The extent of the urbanization in this area is dramatically illustrated in this picture. The photograph has sufficient resolution that the housing patterns for individual suburban areas are clearly defined with the houses shown as pink gray, wooded areas as dark green and cleared areas light green. Chesapeake Bay circulation patterns are indicated by contrast of dark and light blue. Sediment plumes (red) are seen entering the bay north and east of Baltimore. The bay bridge stands out white against the blue water. The detailed information contained in this one photograph will be of direct use to several EREP investigator teams in land use analysis, sedimentation and circulation patterns in the bay, and resource surveys of Maryland. All EREP photography is available to the public through the Department of Interior?s Earth Resources Observations Systems Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, 57198. Photo credit: NASA

Complex regional pain syndrome type I in the upper extremity - how efficient physical therapy and rehabilitation are.

PubMed

Zečević Luković, Tanja; Ristić, Branko; Jovanović, Zorica; Rančić, Nemanja; Ignjatović Ristić, Dragana; Cuković, Saša

2012-08-01

To evaluate the effects of early started combined therapy in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-1 (CRPS-1) on the upper extremities. The study included 36 patients in the first stadium of CRPS-1 on the upper extremities The mean age of patients was 42.6±14.6, the majority of them (26 of 36) were females. The right side of the upper extremity was affected much more then the left side. They were treated by combined therapy including analgetics, electrotherapy, magneto therapy and kinesitherapy. The average length of observation was 172.1 days (from 90 to 250 days). The average length of treatment was 91.5±42.16 days. Intensity of pain, swelling of the extremity, the change in skin coloration and cutaneous manifestations were assessed three times, at the beginning of the treatment, after 6 weeks and at the end of the treatment. The pain was registered in all patients at visit 1 (average pain intensity was 5.70 ±1.44 on 100 mm visual analogue scale), and it was progressively decreased during the treatment from 3.60±1.22 at the second visit to 0.34±0.68 at the third visit. Vasodilatation was registered in 30 (83.33%) patients and skin temperature asymmetries was found in 21 (58.33%) patients. The difference of size was detected in 30 (83.33%) patients at the first visit compared to four (11.11%) patients at the end of the treatment. There were six (16.66%) patients without swelling at the beginning compared to 26 (72.22%) at the end of the treatment (p less than 0.000). Complete healing was achieved in 32 patients (88.88%). The carefully chosen physical agents in combination with analgesic and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs may benefit in patients with CRPS-1 on the upper extremity if the treatment starts as soon as possible.

Site of the 2016 Summer Olympic Games viewed by NASA MISR

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-10

The Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument aboard NASA's Terra satellite passed directly over Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Aug. 2, 2016, just prior to the opening of the Summer Olympic Games. On the left is an image from MISR's nadir (downward-looking) camera; the width of the image is 235 miles (378 kilometers), and Rio de Janeiro is visible as the large gray area on the coast in the center. The black asterisk marks the location of the Maracanã Stadium in downtown, where the opening ceremonies were held. In the weeks leading up to the Aug. 5 opening ceremonies in Rio de Janeiro, there have been reports of elevated levels of particulate matter in the region. Particulate matter refers to tiny airborne droplets or pieces of soot and dust that can end up in the lungs, comprising an all-too-common problem for many cities around the world. MISR data are routinely used to estimate the amount of air pollution via measurements of aerosol optical depth, which is a measure of how much incoming light from the sun is blocked by particles in the atmosphere. On the right, a map of aerosol optical depth is superimposed on the image. Individual squares making up this map measure 2.7 miles (4.4 kilometers) on a side, and holes in the map occur where an aerosol amount could not be determined, such as where clouds are present. Optical depth over Rio is slightly elevated compared to its surroundings, most likely due to the presence of air pollution, with values from 0.15-0.25. For reference, an optical depth of 0.2 corresponds to light haze. The product shown here is a prototype of a new version of the MISR aerosol product to be publicly released in the near future, and increases the spatial resolution of the aerosol information by a factor of 16 compared to the currently available product, making it possible to observe the fine details of optical depth over urban areas. These data were captured during Terra orbit 88426. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20885

Inhibition of Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Growth by Transgenic Corn Expressing Bt Toxins and Development of Resistance to Cry1Ab.

PubMed

Reisig, Dominic D; Reay-Jones, Francis P F

2015-08-01

Transgenic corn, Zea mays L., that expresses the Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxin Cry1Ab is only moderately toxic to Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) and has been planted commercially since 1996. Growth and development of H. zea was monitored to determine potential changes in susceptibility to this toxin over time. Small plots of corn hybrids expressing Cry1F, Cry1F × Cry1Ab, Cry1Ab × Cry3Bb1, Cry1A.105 × Cry2Ab2 × Cry3Bb1, Cry1A.105 × Cry2Ab2, and Vip3Aa20 × Cry1Ab × mCry3A were planted in both 2012 and 2013 inNorth and South Carolina with paired non-Bt hybrids from the same genetic background. H. zea larvae were sampled on three time periods from ears and the following factors were measured: kernel area injured (cm(2)) by H. zea larvae, larval number per ear, larval weight, larval length, and larval head width. Pupae were sampled on a single time period and the following factors recorded: number per ear, weight, time to eclosion, and the number that eclosed. There was no reduction in larval weight, number of insect entering the pupal stadium, pupal weight, time to eclosion, and number of pupae able to successfully eclose to adulthood in the hybrid expressing Cry1Ab compared with a non-Bt paired hybrid. As Cry1Ab affected these in 1996, H. zea may be developing resistance to Cry1Ab in corn, although these results are not comprehensive, given the limited sampling period, size, and geography. We also found that the negative impacts on larval growth and development were greater in corn hybrids with pyramided traits compared with single traits. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

A Survey of Light Pollution in the Rogue Valley, Southwest Oregon, by St. Mary's School, Medford, Oregon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bensel, Holly; Dorrell, Genna; Feng, James; Hicks, Sean; Mars Liu, Jason; Liu, Steven; Moczygemba, Mitchell; Sheng, Jason; Sternenburg, Leah; Than, Emi; Timmons, Emry; Wen, Jerry; Yaeger, Bella; You, Ruiyang

2016-01-01

The Rogue Valley in Southwest Oregon was known for its beautiful dark skies, but due to population growth the dark skies are vanishing. A light pollution chart using Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) data was published in 2006, but did not show the spatial variation in detail. In the spring of 2014, the 9th grade physics students, astronomy students, and members of the Astronomy Club from St. Mary's School conducted the first detailed night sky survey. The purpose of the survey is to create a baseline of the variations in light pollution in the Rogue Valley.The project continued into 2015, incorporating suggestions made at the 2014 AAS Conference to improve the study by including more light meter data and community outreach. Students used light meters, Loss of the Night app, and the Dark Sky meter app. Students researched light pollution and its effects on the environment, measured night sky brightness in the Rogue Valley, and completed a light audit in an area of their choice. They created a presentation for a final physics grade. The basis for this project, along with procedures can be found on the GaN, Globe at Night, (www.globeatnight.org) website. The light audit and research portion were developed from the Dark Sky Rangers section of the website (www.globeatnight.org/dsr/).The 2014 survey and public outreach increased awareness of light pollution in the Rogue Valley and around the state of Oregon. Examples include a local senior project to change lighting at a baseball stadium and a 4-H club in Northeast Oregon starting a GaN survey in their area. GaN shows growth in the amount of data collected in Oregon from 8 data points in 2006 to 193 in 2014. The Rogue Valley magnitude data from the spring of 2015 indicates a drop from an average magnitude of 4 to an average magnitude of 2. This is due to hazy skies from smoke drifting into the valley from a Siberian wildfire. Data collection during the summer and fall was hampered due to smoke from local wildfires.

Vitamin D status of severe COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure.

PubMed

Gawron, Grzegorz; Trzaska-Sobczak, Marzena; Sozańska, Ewa; Śnieżek, Piotr; Barczyk, Adam

2018-01-01

The aim of the study was to measure the concentrations of vitamin D in serum of COPD patients with chronic respiratory failure in comparison to healthy control group. The correlation between the levels of vitamin D in serum and the selected clinical, spirometric and blood gas parameters was the additional aim of the study. The study included 61 patients with diagnosed COPD in stadium of chronic respiratory failure (45 men and 16 women) and 37 healthy controls (19 men and 18 women). The following procedure were performed in all studied subjects: detailed history (especially: daily activity, diet, tobacco and alcohol use), post-bronchodilator spirometry, assessment of 25(OH)D in serum and for COPD group only blood gas analysis. Recruitment for the study was conducted from November to April. Statistical analysis was performed using the following statistical methods: t-Student test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation test and Chi-kwadrat test. There was no significant differences between COPD and control group for the levels of 25(OH)D in serum. Median and lower; upper quartile were respectively following: 24,75 nmol/l (16,9; 36,4) vs. 24,06 nmol/l (16,3; 37,2), p=0,69. Vitamin D deficiency was present in 60 COPD patients (98,3% of all patients) and in 36 control group subject (97,3% of all healthy volunteers). The difference was not statistically significant. The levels of vitamin D in serum did not significantly correlated with any of studied parameters (spirometry, blood gas, age, the level of activity, BMI, tobacco smoke exposure and others). However, the level of activity in COPD group correlated positively with spirometry values and negatively with age and number of exacerbations. The results of the study showed that in autumn-winter time in Poland there are very frequent deficiency of vitamin D in serum not only in COPD patients in respiratory failure stage but also in elderly healthy persons. However, in contrary to expectations the deficiency of vitamin D in COPD patients with respiratory failure were similar to that seen in healthy persons.

Climate-landform effects on lateglacial vegetation pattern in northeastern Tuchola Pinewoods (northern Poland): multiproxy evidence from the Lake Czechowskie catchment, northern Poland.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noryśkiewicz, Agnieszka M.; Kordowski, Jarosław; Tyszkowski, Sebastian; Kramkowski, Mateusz; Zawiska, Izabela; Rzodkiewicz, Monika; Mirosław-Grabowska, Joanna; Ott, Florian; Słowiński, Michał; Obremska, Milena; Błaszkiewicz, Mirosław; Brauer, Achim

2016-04-01

The study area is located in northern Poland in the northeastern part of Tuchola Pinewoods in a young glacially formed and diversified landscape. It comprises the entire lake catchment of Lake Czechowskie (19.76 km2), which comprises a second lake upstream as well as a palaeolake (Trzechowskie) located between the two present-day lakes. Biogenic sediments from eight cores were studied by multiproxy analyses to reconstruct the environmental changes and climate signals during the last Late Glacial and early Holocene. The cores were collected along a W-E transect from Głęboczek Lake to the Czechowskie Lake and were located in different topographic positions (deepest and shallow part of the lake, old lake-bed plains and paleolakes) with a maximum distance of 2.2 km. Detailed and high resolution analyses (pollen, diatoms, cladocera, stable isotopes, geochemistry, varve chronology and radiocarbon dating) to identify the main stages in the development of the natural environment were made. Palynological data indicate melting of the buried ice blocks and the following the onset of biogenic lacustrine sedimentation. The general pattern of vegetation changes in all profiles is similar and includes Late Glacial steppe-tundra plant communities at the onset of organic lake sedimentation. The palynological record of the most profiles shows a high participation of seabuckthorn (Hippophae) in the initial stadium of vegetation history. The lack of this succession in the most western core (Głęboczek Lake) indicates a later period of melt-out processes of the buried dead-ice blocks in the Głęboczek Lake basin. The thickness and type of the accumulated sediments differ significantly during the Bolling-Alerod complex and Younger Dryas Period between our sites. These differences are also reflected in variations of plant species among the different sites. The comparison of different profiles within one catchment allows us to distinguish site specific local responses to climate driven by local factors such as slope steepness and exposure and water depth. This study is a contribution to the Virtual Institute of Integrated Climate and Landscape Evolution Analysis -ICLEA- of the Helmholtz Association

Implosion, earthquake, and explosion recordings from the 2000 Seattle Kingdome Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS), Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brocher, Thomas M.; Pratt, Thomas L.; Weaver, Craig S.; Snelson, Catherine M.; Frankel, Arthur D.

2002-01-01

This report describes seismic data obtained in Seattle, Washington, March 24-28, 2000, during a Seismic Hazards Investigation of Puget Sound (SHIPS). The seismic recordings obtained by this SHIPS experiment, nicknamed Kingdome SHIPS, were designed to (1) measure site responses throughout Seattle and to (2) help define the location of the Seattle fault. During Kingdome SHIPS, we recorded the Kingdome implosion, four 150-lb (68-kg) shots, and a Mw = 7.6 teleseism using a dense network of seismographs deployed throughout Seattle. The seismographs were deployed at a nominal spacing of 1 km in a hexagonal grid extending from Green Lake in the north to Boeing Field in the south. The Seattle Kingdome was a domed sports stadium located in downtown Seattle near the Seattle fault. The Seattle Kingdome was imploded (demolished) at 8:32 AM local time (16:32 UTC) on March 26 (JD 086), 2000. The seismic energy produced by implosion of the Kingdome was equivalent to a local earthquake magnitude of 2.3. Strong impacts produced by the implosion of the Kingdome generated seismic arrivals to frequencies as low as 0.1 Hz. Two shots located north of the Seattle fault, where the charges were detonated within the ground water column (Discovery and Magnuson Parks), were much more strongly coupled than were the two shots to the south of the Seattle fault, where the shots were detonated above the water table (Lincoln and Seward Parks). Thirty-eight RefTek stations, scattered throughout Seattle, recorded the Mw = 7.6 Japan Volcano Islands earthquake (22.4°N, 143.6°E, 104 km depth) of 28 March 2000 (JD 088). This teleseism produced useful signals for periods between 4 and 7 seconds. Only a few recordings of small magnitude local earthquakes were made, and these recordings are not presented. In this report, we describe the acquisition of these data, discuss the processing and merging of the data into common shot gathers, and illustrate the acquired data. We also describe the format and content of the archival tapes containing the SEGY-formatted, common-shot gathers.

From data to information: Tools and techniques educators can use to enhance Google Earth imagery with geographic information systems data and three dimensional models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simms, M.

2007-12-01

As with any educational technology, moving beyond basic information delivery to dynamic use can be a challenge and Google Earth (GE) is no exception. Moving beyond annotated placemarks and pictures, educators can utilize free, free-to-educators, and low cost tools to develop learning experiences within GE to facilitate dynamic interaction with real world data in the form of three dimensional models (3D) and geographic information systems data (GIS). Students take an active role in knowledge construction through self-directed navigation in 3D, seeing features of the landscape not in snapshot views found in textbooks, but in situ and in context. By incorporating categorized data, such as what is commonly found in GIS, an added dimension of human interaction can be incorporated. For example, GIS layers such as landuse, soil type, etc. provide students with data tools for investigating the role their community plays in supporting migrating Monarch butterfly habitat. Functionality for changing the appearance of layers in GE facilitates interaction with geospatial data in a manner that creates a type of "visual" GIS and can serve as an advanced organizer for later use of more powerful GIS software. GE can also be used as a metaphor to create a new context for an otherwise abstract concept, for example, scaling 3D models of the sun and planets to the size of a well known football stadium and placing each planet at the corresponding scaled distances from that location. Photorealistic 3D models created using SketchUp and Anim8or may help students relate to an otherwise abstract concept of planetary size and distances. Finally, digital elevation models (DEM) draped with imagery not available in GE or with GIS data can be used to make topic-specific 3D models either used within GE or in a 3D model viewer embedded in a website or email. With a little instruction, students can quickly learn how to make their own models as well. Procedures and software to accomplish each of these examples will be demonstrated.

Taking centre stage...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1998-11-01

HAMLET (Highly Automated Multimedia Light Enhanced Theatre) was the star performance at the recent finals of the `Young Engineer for Britain' competition, held at the Commonwealth Institute in London. This state-of-the-art computer-controlled theatre lighting system won the title `Young Engineers for Britain 1998' for David Kelnar, Jonathan Scott, Ramsay Waller and John Wyllie (all aged 16) from Merchiston Castle School, Edinburgh. HAMLET replaces conventional manually-operated controls with a special computer program, and should find use in the thousands of small theatres, schools and amateur drama productions that operate with limited resources and without specialist expertise. The four students received a £2500 prize between them, along with £2500 for their school, and in addition they were invited to spend a special day with the Royal Engineers. A project designed to improve car locking systems enabled Ian Robinson of Durham University to take the `Working in industry award' worth £1000. He was also given the opportunity of a day at sea with the Royal Navy. Other prizewinners with their projects included: Jun Baba of Bloxham School, Banbury (a cardboard armchair which converts into a desk and chair); Kobika Sritharan and Gemma Hancock, Bancroft's School, Essex (a rain warning system for a washing line); and Alistair Clarke, Sam James and Ruth Jenkins, Bishop of Llandaff High School, Cardiff (a mechanism to open and close the retractable roof of the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff). The two principal national sponsors of the competition, which is organized by the Engineering Council, are Lloyd's Register and GEC. Industrial companies, professional engineering institutions and educational bodies also provided national and regional prizes and support. During this year's finals, various additional activities took place, allowing the students to surf the Internet and navigate individual engineering websites on a network of computers. They also visited the Millennium Dome site, constructing a model of the Dome and designing a range of Dome exhibits from innovative assembly kits. Details of the 1999 competition will be available from the Engineering Council at 10 Maltravers Street, London WC2R 3ER (tel: 0171 240 7891, http://www.engc.org.uk).

Getting the Public Excited about Science through News Stories about Global Sporting Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dufoe, A.

2014-12-01

News is all about opportunity, and no topic can pull an audience together across ages and countries better than international sports competitions. Sports news excites people, generating conversations at work and at home throughout the duration of the competition. The popularity of these sporting events engages the general public through print and video channels, but it also offers the opportunity for news beyond the competition results - specifically, how science and scientific principles and properties tie in to the sport. Take the Olympics and the World Cup, for example. News sites were more motivated to write and run stories about the aerodynamics of a soccer ball or science behind Olympic bobsleds because these topics are timely: timeliness is one of the most important reasons news stories get written and published. And analysis of even a small sample of news stories and the language used will show why the news organization posted the story. Since the science content is being translated for the general public, the topics can provide a more general explanation of the science behind sporting events, equipment and the act of doing the sport. But beyond international sporting events, even the opening day of baseball, first night of ice hockey, the start of football and the beginning of basketball season provide opportunities for news organizations to provide science news to the public. Scientists need to get ready to collaborate with journalists to tap into the next big sporting event - Super Bowl XLIX. Although it has not been determined which teams are playing yet, scientists can start preparing content-rich stories on the physics of a football, the climate of Phoenix, Arizona, and the green mission of the University of Phoenix Stadium (the location of Super Bowl 2015). This is an opportunity for scientists and media outlets to add science content knowledge to the hype of the event. After the Super Bowl comes the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio, which has already been in the news with reporters covering water contamination issues and sustainable construction projects.

The detectability of archaeological structures beneath the soil using the ground penetrating radar technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrara, C.; Barone, P. M.; Pajewski, L.; Pettinelli, E.; Rossi, G.

2012-04-01

The traditional excavation tools applied to Archaeology (i.e. trowels, shovels, bulldozers, etc.) produce, generally, a fast and invasive reconstruction of the ancient past. The geophysical instruments, instead, seem to go in the opposite direction giving, rapidly and non-destructively, geo-archaeological information. Moreover, the economic aspect should not be underestimated: where the former invest a lot of money in order to carry out an excavation or restoration, the latter spend much less to manage a geophysical survey, locating precisely the targets. Survey information gathered using non-invasive methods contributes to the creation of site strategies, conservation, preservation and, if necessary, accurate location of excavation and restoration units, without destructive testing methods, also in well-known archaeological sites [1]-[3]. In particular, Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) has, recently, become the most important physical technique in archaeological investigations, allowing the detection of targets with both very high vertical and horizontal resolution, and has been successfully applied both to archaeological and diagnostic purposes in historical and monumental sites [4]. GPR configuration, antenna frequency and survey modality can be different, depending on the scope of the measurements, the nature of the site or the type of targets. Two-dimensional (2D) time/depth slices and radargrams should be generated and integrated with information obtained from other buried or similar artifacts to provide age, structure and context of the surveyed sites. In the present work, we present three case-histories on well-known Roman archaeological sites in Rome, in which GPR technique has been successfully used. To obtain 2D maps of the explored area, a bistatic GPR (250MHz and 500MHz antennas) was applied, acquiring data along several parallel profiles. The GPR results reveal the presence of similar circular anomalies in all the investigated archaeological sites. In particular, in the Domus Aurea, in the Domitian Stadium, and in the San Cesario in Palatio church, the processing of the GPR data highlights not only the presence of Roman circular bases/insoles of pillars not yet brought to the light, but also their structural disposition and geometry. These three examples show that GPR technique is a valid support which, in exhaustive way, can underline the unexpected presence of ancient structures beneath the soil, also in well-known archaeological sites.

"Defense-in-Depth" Laser Safety and the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

King, J J

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is the largest and most energetic laser in the world contained in a complex the size of a football stadium. From the initial laser pulse, provided by telecommunication style infrared nanoJoule pulsed lasers, to the final 192 laser beams (1.8 Mega Joules total energy in the ultraviolet) converging on a target the size of a pencil eraser, laser safety is of paramount concern. In addition to this, there are numerous high-powered (Class 3B and 4) diagnostic lasers in use that can potentially send their laser radiation travelling throughout the facility. With individual beam paths ofmore » up to 1500 meters and a workforce of more than one thousand, the potential for exposure is significant. Simple laser safety practices utilized in typical laser labs just don't apply. To mitigate these hazards, NIF incorporates a multi layered approach to laser safety or 'Defense in Depth.' Most typical high-powered laser operations are contained and controlled within a single room using relatively simplistic controls to protect both the worker and the public. Laser workers are trained, use a standard operating procedure, and are required to wear Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) such as Laser Protective Eyewear (LPE) if the system is not fully enclosed. Non-workers are protected by means of posting the room with a warning sign and a flashing light. In the best of cases, a Safety Interlock System (SIS) will be employed which will 'safe' the laser in the case of unauthorized access. This type of laser operation is relatively easy to employ and manage. As the operation becomes more complex, higher levels of control are required to ensure personnel safety. Examples requiring enhanced controls are outdoor and multi-room laser operations. At the NIF there are 192 beam lines and numerous other Class 4 diagnostic lasers that can potentially deliver their hazardous energy to locations far from the laser source. This presents a serious and complex potential hazard to personnel. Because of this, a multilayered approach to safety is taken. This paper presents the philosophy and approach taken at the NIF in the multi-layered 'defense-in-depth' approach to laser safety.« less

Large Rock-Slope Failures Impacting on Lakes - Event Reconstruction and Interaction Analysis in Two Alpine Regions Using Sedimentology and Geophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knapp, S.; Anselmetti, F.; Gilli, A.; Krautblatter, M.; Hajdas, I.

2016-12-01

Massive rock-slope failures are responsible for more than 60% of all catastrophic landslides disasters. Lateglacial and Holocene rock-slope failures often occur as multistage failures, but we have only limited datasets to reconstruct detailed stages and still aim at improving our knowledge of mobility processes. In this context, studying lakes will become more and more important for two main reasons. On the one hand, the lake background sedimentation acts as a natural chronometer, which enables the stratigraphic positioning of events and helps to reconstruct the event history. This way we will be able to improve our knowledge on multistage massive rock-slope failures. On the other hand, climate warming forces us to face an increase of lakes forming due to glacial melting, leading to new hazardous landscape settings. We will be confronted with complex reaction chains and feedback loops related to rock-slope instability, stress adaptation, multistage rock-slope failures, lake tsunamis, entrainment of water and fines, and finally lubrication. As a result, in future we will have to deal more and more with failed rock material impacting on lakes with much longer runout-paths than expected, and which we have not been able to reconstruct in our models so far. Here we want to present the key findings of two of our studies on lake sediments related to large rock-slope failures: We used reflection seismic profiles and sediment cores for the reconstruction of the rockfall history in the landslide-dammed Lake Oeschinen in the Bernese Oberland, Switzerland, where we detected and dated ten events and correlated them to (pre)historical data. As a second project, we have been working on the mobility processes of the uppermost sediments deposited during the late event stadium of the Eibsee rock avalanche at Mount Zugspitze in the Bavarian Alps, Germany. In the reflection seismic profiles we detected sedimentary structures that show high levels of fluidization and thus would hint at the presence of a paleolake. We could also reconstruct the post-evental paleotopography and aim at retrieving long sediment cores at suitable locations for seismic-to-core-correlation. Here we show how lake studies can help to decipher the multistage character of rock-slope failures and to improve the understanding of the processes related to runout dynamics.

[Doctors belonging to the Senegalese Association of Sport Medicine and doping in sports: survey on knowledge and attitudes].

PubMed

Dièye, Amadou Moctar; Diallo, Boubacar; Fall, Assane; Ndiaye, Mamadou; Cissè, Fallou; Faye, Babacar

2005-01-01

Doping in sports is as old as sports, but it grew considerably during the 20th century with the arrival in stadiums during the 1990s of amphetamines and anabolic steroids as well as such peptide hormones as erythropoietin. The international fight against doping took a giant step forward in 1999 with the creation of the world antidoping agency (WADA). This study is part of that fight. It follows an earlier survey of retail pharmacists in Senegal and aims to evaluate the knowledge about doping of doctors belonging to the Senegalese Association of Sports Medicine and to assess their attitude towards this phenomenon. Its goal is to determine how best to involve them in preventive actions. We conducted a survey in 2001 and randomly selected and interviewed 60 of the 92 doctors in the association. The questionnaire focused on three areas: their knowledge of doping, their attitudes to it, and the means of prevention that they proposed. The results showed that only 11 of the 60 doctors knew the definition of doping and 15% of doctors could not cite any family of doping products. They were aware mainly of testosterone and other anabolic steroids (84.3%), then amphetamines and other stimulants (64.7%), and finally peptide hormones (58.8%). The subjects mentioned blood doping and pharmacological manipulations as forbidden methods. They considered that the four groups of drugs most often used by athletes for doping were, in descending order, anabolic steroids, stimulants, peptide hormones and corticoids. Eighty per cent of doctors think that Senegalese athletes use doping products and that the sports most involved are football, wrestling, track and field and basketball. They also think that doping is a form of drug addiction and a public health problem. Eleven doctors (18%) said they had been contacted for information on use of doping products. The interviewees consider that the three best methods of prevention include information about side effects, unannounced urine and blood tests, and sanctions. This work shows that Senegalese athletes may use doping; it contains no direct proofs but many indirect indicators. Success against doping requires preventive activities that should be conducted jointly for trainers, sports federations and doctors of the Senegalese Association of Sports Medicine and then by all of them for athletes, who are the primary targets of any prevention campaign.

The effect of an overpass on pedestrian injuries on a major highway in Kampala - Uganda.

PubMed

Mutto, Milton; Kobusingye, Olive C; Lett, Ronald R

2002-12-01

To describe the pedestrian population, their use of an overpass, and to assess pedestrian perceptions and responses to the risk of traffic crashes, determine pedestrian injuries in relation to traffic flow, and compare traffic crash and pedestrian injury rates before and after the overpass construction. The study was conducted in Nakawa trading center approximately six kilometers from the center of Kampala city on a major highway. The trading center has a busy market, small retail shops, industries, a sports stadium, offices, low cost housing estates, schools, and an estimated population of 6,226 residents, 15.1% of them students. Pedestrian road behavior and traffic patterns were observed, and police traffic crash records reviewed, one year before and one year after overpass construction. A convenient sample of overpass and non-overpass users was interviewed to assess their perceptions of risk. A total of 13,064 pedestrians were observed (male: female ratio= 2.2:1). The overall prevalence of pedestrian overpass use was 35.4%. A bigger proportion of females (49.1%) crossed on the overpass compared to males (29.2%). More children (79.7%) than adults (27.3%) used the overpass. The majority of pedestrians (77.9%) were worried about their safety in traffic but only 6.6% thought of the overpass as an appropriate means to avoid traffic accidents. Traffic was not segregated by vehicle type. Mean traffic flow varied from 41.5 vehicles per minute between 0730-0830 hours, to 39.3 vehicles per minute between 1030-1130 hours and 37.7 vehicles per minute between 1730-1830 hours. The proportion of heavy vehicles (lorries, trailers, tankers, and tractors) increased from 3.3% of total vehicle volume in the morning to 5.4% in the evening (t = 2.847, p <0.05); 44.0% of the collisions occurred in the evening with 35 pedestrian casualties before and 70 after the overpass intervention. The prevalence of pedestrian overpass use was low with adult males least likely to use it. Pedestrians had a high perception of risk, which did not seem to influence overpass use. Pedestrian were more likely to be injured during slow traffic flows. There were more traffic crashes, and pedestrian injuries, but fewer fatalities after the construction of the overpass.

Antimicrobial, antioxidative, and insect repellent effects of Artemisia absinthium essential oil.

PubMed

Mihajilov-Krstev, Tatjana; Jovanović, Boris; Jović, Jovana; Ilić, Budimir; Miladinović, Dragoljub; Matejić, Jelena; Rajković, Jelena; Dorđević, Ljubiša; Cvetković, Vladimir; Zlatković, Bojan

2014-12-01

In this paper, the chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil of Artemisia absinthium was studied. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of ethnopharmacological uses of this plant species in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases and wounds, and as an insect repellent. The aerial part of the plant was hydrodistilled, and the chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Forty-seven compounds, corresponding to 94.65 % of the total oil, were identified, with the main constituents being sabinene (24.49 %), sabinyl acetate (13.64 %), and α-phellandrene (10.29 %). The oil yield was 0.23 % (v/w). The antimicrobial activity of the oil was investigated against ten bacterial isolates (from patients wounds and stools) and seven American Type Culture Collection strains using a microwell dilution assay. The minimal inhibitory/bactericidal concentration of the oil ranged from < 0.08 to 2.43 mg/mL and from 0.08 to 38.80 mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical-scavenging methods and assessed as significant. Skin irritation potential and acute toxicity of the oil were also investigated. Results of the skin irritant reaction showed that none of the 30 volunteers developed a positive skin irritant reaction to undiluted A. absinthium essential oil. Acute oral exposure to the essential oil did not cause mortality in the treated mice, but it did cause neurological, muscle, and gastrointestinal problems. A subchronic toxicity test on Drosophila melanogaster showed that the essential oil of A. absinthium is toxic for developing insect larvae. Starting with the concentration of 0.38 % of essential oil in medium, significant mortality of larvae exposed to the oil was noted when compared to the control. Probit analysis revealed that the LC50 value of A. absinthium essential oil for D. melanogaster larvae after 15 days of exposure was 6.31 % (49 mg/mL). The essential oil also affected the development of D. melanogaster larvae and significantly delayed achievement of the pupa stadium. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Air quality during the 2008 Beijing Olympics: secondary pollutants and regional impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, T.; Nie, W.; Gao, J.; Xue, L. K.; Gao, X. M.; Wang, X. F.; Qiu, J.; Poon, C. N.; Meinardi, S.; Blake, D.; Wang, S. L.; Ding, A. J.; Chai, F. H.; Zhang, Q. Z.; Wang, W. X.

2010-08-01

This paper presents the first results of the measurements of trace gases and aerosols at three surface sites in and outside Beijing before and during the 2008 Olympics. The official air pollution index near the Olympic Stadium and the data from our nearby site revealed an obvious association between air quality and meteorology and different responses of secondary and primary pollutants to the control measures. Ambient concentrations of vehicle-related nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) at an urban site dropped by 25% and 20-45% in the first two weeks after full control was put in place, but the levels of ozone, sulfate and nitrate in PM2.5 increased by 16%, 64%, 37%, respectively, compared to the period prior to the full control; wind data and back trajectories indicated the contribution of regional pollution from the North China Plain. Air quality (for both primary and secondary pollutants) improved significantly during the Games, which were also associated with the changes in weather conditions (prolonged rainfall, decreased temperature, and more frequent air masses from clean regions). A comparison of the ozone data at three sites on eight ozone-pollution days, when the air masses were from the southeast-south-southwest sector, showed that regional pollution sources contributed >34-88% to the peak ozone concentrations at the urban site in Beijing. Regional sources also contributed significantly to the CO concentrations in urban Beijing. Ozone production efficiencies at two sites were low (~3 ppbv/ppbv), indicating that ozone formation was being controlled by VOCs. Compared with data collected in 2005 at a downwind site, the concentrations of ozone, sulfur dioxide (SO2), total sulfur (SO2+PM2.5 sulfate), carbon monoxide (CO), reactive aromatics (toluene and xylenes) sharply decreased (by 8-64%) in 2008, but no significant changes were observed for the concentrations of PM2.5, fine sulfate, total odd reactive nitrogen (NOy), and longer lived alkanes and benzene. We suggest that these results indicate the success of the government's efforts in reducing emissions of SO2, CO, and VOCs in Beijing, but increased regional emissions during 2005-2008. More stringent control of regional emissions will be needed for significant reductions of ozone and fine particulate pollution in Beijing.

The Significance of Podpe limestone in the Cultural Heritage of Slovenia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kramar, Sabina; Bedjanič, Mojca; Mirtič, Breda; Mladenović, Ana; Rožič, Boštjan; Skaberne, Dragomir; Zupančič, Nina

2013-04-01

Podpeč limestone is characterized by its dark grey, or nearly black colour, with white fossil shells of the Lithiotis. These beds, which have been dated as Lower Jurassic, occur in southern and south-western Slovenia, and are particularly common in areas southwest of Ljubljana. The main quarry, which is not active, is located next to the village of Podpeč near Ljubljana, and has been declared as a geological natural value of national importance; as such, it is officially protected as a natural monument. In the close vicinity of the village there are some other smaller quarries, but all of them have been abandoned. With its very low porosity (0.9%) and water absorption (0.13 - 0.30 % by mass), but relatively high compressive strength (185 MPa), this limestone is quite durable, although its colouring becomes somewhat bleached when situated outdoors. The use of Podpeč limestone was first documented in the case of the Roman period in Slovenia, when it was used for funerary stelae, votive altars, boundary stones, and other artefacts. At the end of the 5th Century AD, with the fall of the Roman Empire, stone-cutting ceased at Podpeč for the next few centuries. Before 1850 Podpeč limestone had no special value. Only very few portals or pilasters made of this stone are known, and no evidence has been found in churches. However, towards the end of the 19th Century Podpeč limestone became better-known, although before the first half of the 20th Century there were no significant stonecutting workshops in Podpeč. After this, stone was supplied progressively from the main quarry. Large numbers of buildings in Ljubljana and central Slovenia have sills, lintels and jambs made of Podpeč limestone. Production stopped in 1967. The internationally renowned Slovenian architect Jože Plečnik (1872-1957) used Podpeč limestone in various Slovenian buildings - the central stadium in Ljubljana, the National University Library, many altars and churches (Bogojina, the Ši\\vska and Bežigrad districts of Ljubljana), parts of the Parliament of the Republic of Slovenia (Ljubljana), and Ljubljana's first skyscraper. With the exception of the Antonius Church in Belgrade, which was constructed by Plečnik, where part of the altar was made of Podpeč limestone, the international use of Podpeč limestone is not known.

Seismotectonic Analysis for the KZN region of South Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, M.

2012-04-01

Recently, devastating earthquakes and tsunamis have shocked the modern world (Japan [April 7 2011, Mw 9.0, loss of life and destruction of infrastructure, 15,457 deaths 5,389 injured, US300billion loss (Japanese National Police Agency 2011)], New Zealand [21 February 2011, Mw 6.3, 148 killed], Haiti [12 January 2010, Mw 7.0, estimated 316 000 killed and 300 000 injured]. These earthquakes have caused large scale damage to the built environment not to mention the high number of fatalities. The KZN coastal region is also fast developing especially towards the north of Durban CBD (Cornubia [New development near Umhlanga, 25 Billion Rands investment], Gateway/Umhlanga Business District, Moses Mabida Stadium (cost of R3.4 billion ), King Shaka International Airport at a cost of R6.8 billion, Dube Tradeport to be developed next to the airport at a cost of R5 billion, as well as the development of the Richards Bay Industrial Development Zone . The KZN is home to 10 million inhabitants with a relatively denser population distribution around the Durban and Pietermaritzburg CBDs. With the increasing amount of investment towards the north coast of Durban, the population distribution will migrate to these areas. These areas now become 'vulnerable' to rare, infrequent and potentially devastating natural disasters like earthquakes. One of the first steps to understand and plan for an earthquake occurrence is through a seismic hazard and risk assessment. The seismic hazard and risk method has well been established since 1968 (see Cornell (1968); Veneziano et al., (1984); Bender and Perkins (1993); McGuire (1993); McGuire and Toro (2008); Kijko and Graham (1998); Kijko and Sellevoll, (1989, 1992)). The components of a seismic risk assessment (SRA) include several building blocks namely: the development of the earthquake catalogue, seismotectonic model, attenuation models, seismic hazard assessment (SHA), vulnerability assessment and seismic risk computations. The seismotectonic model element will be explored in further detail for this research. Preliminary investigations into a seismotectonic investigation for the province have been undertaken by Singh et al. (2011). Under the framework of this research the following tasks are planned for the KZN coastal region: i) Development of a historical earthquake catalogue ii) Development of a GeoDatabase for Seismotectonic Zonation iii) Development of a Seismotectonic Model and iv) Development of an Earthquake Recurrence Model. The author will present progress made to date towards this research.

[Kombinierte Anwendung von Strahlentherapie und adjuvanter Therapie mit einem Mistelextrakt (Viscum album L.) zur Behandlung des oralen malignen Melanoms beim Hund: Eine retrospektive Studie].

PubMed

von Bodungen, Uta; Ruess, Katja; Reif, Marcus; Biegel, Ulrike

2017-01-01

Hintergrund: Orale maligne Melanome (OMM) des Hundes zeichnen sich durch schnelles Wachstum, lokale Invasion und hohe Metastasierungsraten aus. Extrakte auf Basis von Viscum album L. (VAE) werden zunehmend in der Krebstherapie sowohl in der Human- als auch in der Veterinärmedizin eingesetzt. Ziel unserer Studie war es zu untersuchen, inwieweit die adjuvante Therapie mit VAE eine therapeutische Option zur Behandlung von OMM ist. Besonderes Augenmerk galt dabei der Überlebenszeit und möglichen Nebenwirkungen. Tiere und Methoden: 26 Hunde mit OMM, die in einem der größten veterinäronkologischen Zentren der Schweiz allesamt eine Strahlentherapie erhielten (teilweise nach operativer Tumorresektion) wurden in die retrospektive Studie eingeschlossen: 18 Hunde wurden mit VAE behandelt (1 ml VAE (Iscador®) in ansteigenden Konzentrationen von 0,1 bis 20 mg/ml subkutan 3-mal pro Woche (VAE-Gruppe), 8 erhielten keine adjuvante Behandlung (Vergleichsgruppe). Wir verglichen die Größenentwicklung der OMM sowie die Überlebenszeit. Ergebnisse: Patienten mit Bestrahlung und adjuvanter VAE-Therapie zeigten mit 236 Tagen eine signifikant längere mediane Überlebenszeit im Vergleich zu Patienten mit Bestrahlung, aber ohne adjuvante VAE-Therapie (49 Tage; Log-Rank-Test: p = 0,0047). Die VAE-Therapie verlängerte die Überlebenszeit um mehr als zwei Drittel (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 0,30, 95%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) 0,11-0,86; p = 0,024), während ein höheres Tumorstadium gemäß UICC (Union internationale contre le cancer) einen statistischen Trend zur Verdopplung des Sterberisikos zeigte (UICC-Stadium III/IV vs. I/II: HR = 2,12, 95%-KI 0,88-5,12; p = 0,095). Zwei Patienten zeigten milde Nebenwirkungen während der VAE-Behandlung. Einer der beiden zeigte 1 Tag lang ein selbstlimitiertes Fieber, bei dem anderen Patienten reduzierten wir die Dosis von einem konzentrierteren zu einem weniger konzentrierten VAE (Serie 0) aufgrund von Müdigkeit, die daraufhin verschwand. Schlussfolgerungen: VAE ist eine sichere, nebenwirkungsarme Behandlung und scheint sich positiv auf die Überlebenszeit von Hunden mit OMM auszuwirken. Somit ist dieser therapeutische Ansatz es wert, vermehrt bei der adjuvant zur Strahlentherapie eingesetzten Behandlung des OMM in Betracht gezogen zu werden. Die verglichenen Gruppen waren jedoch klein, divers und nicht konsistent hinsichtlich aller prognostischen Parameter. Eine prospektive Studie mit einer größeren Studienpopulation wäre daher von Interesse. © 2017 S. Karger GmbH, Freiburg.

Binary video codec for data reduction in wireless visual sensor networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khursheed, Khursheed; Ahmad, Naeem; Imran, Muhammad; O'Nils, Mattias

2013-02-01

Wireless Visual Sensor Networks (WVSN) is formed by deploying many Visual Sensor Nodes (VSNs) in the field. Typical applications of WVSN include environmental monitoring, health care, industrial process monitoring, stadium/airports monitoring for security reasons and many more. The energy budget in the outdoor applications of WVSN is limited to the batteries and the frequent replacement of batteries is usually not desirable. So the processing as well as the communication energy consumption of the VSN needs to be optimized in such a way that the network remains functional for longer duration. The images captured by VSN contain huge amount of data and require efficient computational resources for processing the images and wide communication bandwidth for the transmission of the results. Image processing algorithms must be designed and developed in such a way that they are computationally less complex and must provide high compression rate. For some applications of WVSN, the captured images can be segmented into bi-level images and hence bi-level image coding methods will efficiently reduce the information amount in these segmented images. But the compression rate of the bi-level image coding methods is limited by the underlined compression algorithm. Hence there is a need for designing other intelligent and efficient algorithms which are computationally less complex and provide better compression rate than that of bi-level image coding methods. Change coding is one such algorithm which is computationally less complex (require only exclusive OR operations) and provide better compression efficiency compared to image coding but it is effective for applications having slight changes between adjacent frames of the video. The detection and coding of the Region of Interest (ROIs) in the change frame efficiently reduce the information amount in the change frame. But, if the number of objects in the change frames is higher than a certain level then the compression efficiency of both the change coding and ROI coding becomes worse than that of image coding. This paper explores the compression efficiency of the Binary Video Codec (BVC) for the data reduction in WVSN. We proposed to implement all the three compression techniques i.e. image coding, change coding and ROI coding at the VSN and then select the smallest bit stream among the results of the three compression techniques. In this way the compression performance of the BVC will never become worse than that of image coding. We concluded that the compression efficiency of BVC is always better than that of change coding and is always better than or equal that of ROI coding and image coding.

Skiing Sochi

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-02-19

High res here: www.flickr.com/photos/gsfc/12640339235/in/photostream/ While Sochi is a coastal town on the Black Sea, the skiing events for the XXII Olympic Games are taking place about 40 kilometers (25 miles) inland. The venues are clustered around Krasnaya Polyana, a small town tucked between the Aibiga and Psekhako Ridges in the western Caucasus. This image—acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite on February 8, 2014—offers a view of the town and the ski facilities. The Rosa Khutor Alpine Center is the home to the downhill, snowboard, and freestyle events. The combined downhill skiing area measures about 20 kilometers (12 miles) in total, with the men’s downhill course stretching 3,500 meters (11,482 feet) and featuring a 1,075-meter (3,526 foot) change in elevation. The highest lift climbs to the summit of Rosa Peak, which rises 2,320 meters (7,612 feet). While not being used for the Olympics, the nearby Black Pyramid mountain has downhill skiing trails as well. The same steep slopes that make Rosa Peak good for skiing also elevate the risk of avalanches. To protect against falling snow, planners installed a series of gas pipes along the top of the ridge. The pipes emit bursts of oxygen and propane that create small, controlled avalanches. Event organizers also installed a series of earthen dams to steer snow away from infrastructure, and they have deployed two backhoes to the top of Aibiga Ridge to knock cornices away before they pose a risk. The Laura Cross-country Ski and Biathalon Center is located to the north on Psekhako Ridge. It includes two stadiums, each with their own start and finish zones, two track systems for skiing and biathlon, as well as shooting areas and warm-up zones. The center is named for the Laura River, a turbulent river that flows nearby. NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using EO-1 ALI data provided courtesy of the NASA EO-1 team. Caption by Adam Voiland. Instrument: EO-1 - ALI Read more: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83131&eocn... Credit: NASA Earth Observatory NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Skiing Sochi

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-02-19

While Sochi is a coastal town on the Black Sea, the skiing events for the XXII Olympic Games are taking place about 40 kilometers (25 miles) inland. The venues are clustered around Krasnaya Polyana, a small town tucked between the Aibiga and Psekhako Ridges in the western Caucasus. This image—acquired by the Advanced Land Imager (ALI) on NASA’s Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) satellite on February 8, 2014—offers a view of the town and the ski facilities. The Rosa Khutor Alpine Center is the home to the downhill, snowboard, and freestyle events. The combined downhill skiing area measures about 20 kilometers (12 miles) in total, with the men’s downhill course stretching 3,500 meters (11,482 feet) and featuring a 1,075-meter (3,526 foot) change in elevation. The highest lift climbs to the summit of Rosa Peak, which rises 2,320 meters (7,612 feet). While not being used for the Olympics, the nearby Black Pyramid mountain has downhill skiing trails as well. The same steep slopes that make Rosa Peak good for skiing also elevate the risk of avalanches. To protect against falling snow, planners installed a series of gas pipes along the top of the ridge. The pipes emit bursts of oxygen and propane that create small, controlled avalanches. Event organizers also installed a series of earthen dams to steer snow away from infrastructure, and they have deployed two backhoes to the top of Aibiga Ridge to knock cornices away before they pose a risk. The Laura Cross-country Ski and Biathalon Center is located to the north on Psekhako Ridge. It includes two stadiums, each with their own start and finish zones, two track systems for skiing and biathlon, as well as shooting areas and warm-up zones. The center is named for the Laura River, a turbulent river that flows nearby. NASA Earth Observatory image by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using EO-1 ALI data provided courtesy of the NASA EO-1 team. Caption by Adam Voiland. Instrument: EO-1 - ALI Read more: earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=83131&eocn... Credit: NASA Earth Observatory NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

Visions of our Planet's Atmosphere, Land and Oceans: NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasler, A. F.; Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater presents Earth science observations and visualizations in a historical perspective. Fly in from outer space to the Olympic Medals Plaza, the new Gateway Center, and the University of Utah Stadium Site of the Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies in Salt Lake City. Fly in and through the Park City, and Snow Basin sites of the 2002 Winter Olympic Alpine Venues using 1 m IKONOS "Spy Satellite" data. See the four seasons of the Wasatch Front as observed by Landsat 7 at 15m resolution and watch the trees turn color in the Fall, snow come and go in the mountains and the reservoirs freeze and melt. Go back to the early weather satellite images from the 1960s and see them contrasted with the latest US and international global satellite weather movies including hurricanes & "tornadoes". See the latest visualizations of spectacular images from NASA/NOAA remote sensing missions like Terra, GOES, TRMM, SeaWiFS, Landsat 7 including new 1 - min GOES rapid scan image sequences of Nov 9th 2001 Midwest tornadic thunderstorms and have them explained. See how High-Definition Television (HDTV) is revolutionizing the way we communicate science. (In cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History in NYC) See dust storms in Africa and smoke plumes from fires in Mexico. See visualizations featured on the covers of Newsweek, TIME, National Geographic, Popular Science & on National & International Network TV. New computer software tools allow us to roam & zoom through massive global images e.g. Landsat tours of the US, and Africa, showing desert and mountain geology as well as seasonal changes in vegetation. See animations of the polar ice packs and the motion of gigantic Antarctic Icebergs from SeaWinds data. Spectacular new visualizations of the global atmosphere & oceans are shown. See vortexes and currents in the global oceans that bring up the nutrients to feed tiny algae and draw the fish, whales and fisherman. See the how the ocean blooms in response to these currents and El Nino/La Nina climate changes. See the city lights, fishing fleets, gas flares and bio-mass burning of the Earth at night observed by the "night-vision" DMSP military satellite. The demonstration is interactively driven by a SGI Octane Graphics Supercomputer with two CPUs, 4 Gigabytes of RAM and 0.5 Terabyte of disk using two projectors across a super sized panoramic 48 foot screen. In addition new HDTV technology will be demonstrated from a portable computer server.

Visions of our Planet's Atmosphere, Land and Oceans: NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hasler, A. F.; Starr, David (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The NASA/NOAA Electronic Theater presents Earth science observations and visualizations in a historical perspective. Fly in from outer space to the Olympic Medals Plaza, the new Gateway Center, and the University of Utah Stadium Site of the Olympic Opening and Closing Ceremonies in Salt Lake City. Fly in and through the Park City, and Snow Basin sites of the 2002 Winter Olympic Alpine Venues using 1 m IKONOS "Spy Satellite" data. See the four seasons of the Wasatch Front as observed by Landsat 7 at 15m resolution and watch the trees turn color in the Fall, snow come and go in the mountains and the reservoirs freeze and melt. Go back to the early weather satellite images from the 1960s and see them contrasted with the latest US and international global satellite weather movies Including hurricanes & "tornadoes". See the latest visualizations of spectacular images from NASA/NOAA remote sensing missions like Terra, GOES, TRMM, SeaWiFS, Landsat 7 including new 1 - min GOES rapid scan image sequences of Nov 9th 2001 Midwest tornadic thunderstorms and have them explained. See how High-Definition Television (HDTV) is revolutionizing the way we communicate science. (In cooperation with the American Museum of Natural History in NYC) See dust storms in Africa and smoke plumes from fires in Mexico. See visualizations featured on the covers Of Newsweek, TIME, National Geographic, Popular Science & on National & International Network TV. New computer software. tools allow us to roam & zoom through massive global images e.g. Landsat tours of the US, and Africa, showing desert and mountain geology as well as seasonal changes in vegetation. See animations of the polar ice packs and the motion of gigantic Antarctic Icebergs from SeaWinds data. Spectacular new visualizations of the global atmosphere & oceans are shown. See vertexes and currents in the global oceans that bring up the nutrients to feed tin) algae and draw the fish, whales and fisherman. See the how the ocean blooms in response to these currents and El Nino/La Nina climate changes. See the city lights, fishing fleets, gas flares and biomass burning of the Earth at night observed by the "night-vision" DMSP military satellite. The demonstration is interactively driven by a SGI Octane Graphics Supercomputer with two CPUs, 4 Gigabytes of RAM and 0.5 Terabyte of disk using two projectors across a super sized panoramic 48 foot screen. In addition new HDTV technology will be demonstrated from a portable computer server.

Technical Insights for Saltstone PA Maintenance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flach, G.; Sarkar, S.; Mahadevan, S.

2011-07-20

The Cementitious Barriers Partnership (CBP) is a collaborative program sponsored by the US DOE Office of Waste Processing. The objective of the CBP is to develop a set of computational tools to improve understanding and prediction of the long-term structural, hydraulic, and chemical performance of cementitious barriers and waste forms used in nuclear applications. CBP tools are expected to better characterize and reduce the uncertainties of current methodologies for assessing cementitious barrier performance and increase the consistency and transparency of the assessment process, as the five-year program progresses. In September 2009, entering its second year of funded effort, the CBPmore » sought opportunities to provide near-term tangible support to DOE Performance Assessments (PAs). The Savannah River Saltstone Disposal Facility (SDF) was selected for the initial PA support effort because (1) cementitious waste forms and barriers play a prominent role in the performance of the facility, (2) certain important long-term behaviors of cementitious materials composing the facility are uncertain, (3) review of the SDF PA by external stakeholders is ongoing, and (4) the DOE contractor responsible for the SDF PA is open to receiving technical assistance from the CBP. A review of the current (SRR Closure & Waste Disposal Authority 2009) and prior Saltstone PAs (e.g., Cook et al. 2005) suggested five potential opportunities for improving predictions. The candidate topics considered were (1) concrete degradation from external sulfate attack, (2) impact of atmospheric exposure to concrete and grout before closure, such as accelerated slag and Tc-99 oxidation, (3) mechanistic prediction of geochemical conditions, (4) concrete degradation from rebar corrosion due to carbonation, and (5) early age cracking from drying and/or thermal shrinkage. The candidate topics were down-selected considering the feasibility of addressing each issue within approximately six months, and compatibility with existing CBP expertise and already-planned activities. Based on these criteria, the five original topics were down-selected to two: external sulfate attack and mechanistic geochemical prediction. For each of the selected topics, the CBP communicated with the PA analysts and subject matter experts at Savannah River to acquire input data specific to the Saltstone facility and related laboratory experiments. Simulations and analyses were performed for both topics using STADIUM (SIMCO 2008), LeachXS/ORCHESTRA (ECN 2007, Meeussen 2003), and other software tools. These supplemental CBP analyses produced valuable technical insights that can be used to strengthen the Saltstone PA using the ongoing PA maintenance process. This report in part summarizes key information gleaned from more comprehensive documents prepared by Sarkar et al. (2010), Samson (2010), and Sarkar (2010).« less

Measurement of Urban Air Quality by an Open-Path Quantum Cascade Laser Absorption Spectrometer in Beijing During Summer 2008

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michel, A. P.; Liu, P. Q.; Yeung, J. K.; Zhang, Y.; Baeck, M. L.; Pan, X.; Dong, H.; Wang, Z.; Smith, J. A.; Gmachl, C. F.

2009-05-01

The 2008 Olympic Games focused attention on the air quality of Beijing, China and served as an important test-bed for developing, deploying, and testing new technologies for analysis of air quality and regional climate in urban environments. Poor air quality in urban locations has a significant detrimental effect on the health of residents while also impacting both regional and global climate change. As a result, there exists a great need for highly sensitive trace gas sensors for studying the atmosphere of the urban environment. Open-path remote sensors are of particular interest as they can obtain data on spatial scales similar to those used in regional climate models. Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) can be designed for operation in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) with a central wavelength anywhere between 3 to 24 μm and made tunable over a wavelength interval of over 0.1 μm. The Quantum Cascade Laser Open-Path System (QCLOPS) is a mid-infrared laser absorption spectrometer that uses a tunable, thermoelectrically cooled, pulsed Daylight Solutions Inc. QCL for measurement of trace gases. The system is aimed at applications with path lengths ranging from approximately 0.1 to 1.0 km. The system is designed to continuously monitor multiple trace gases [water vapor (H2O), ozone (O3), ammonia (NH3), and carbon dioxide (CO2)] in the lower atmosphere. A field campaign from July to September 2008 in Beijing used QCLOPS to study trace gas concentrations before, during, and after the Olympic Games in an effort to capture changes induced by emissions reduction methods. QCLOPS was deployed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics - Chinese Academy of Sciences on the roof of a two-story building, at an approximate distance of 2 miles from the Olympic National Stadium ("The Bird's Nest.") QCLOPS operated with an open-path round trip distance of approximately 75 m. The system ran with minimal human interference, twenty-four hours per day for the full campaign period. In order to collect data over numerous absorption peaks belonging to the target gases of H2O, NH3, O3, and CO2, measurements were made at 317 different wavelengths within the full tuning range of the laser (1020 - 1070 cm-1). We present the design of this novel sensor which was successfully built, deployed, and operated with minimal operator intervention for the three month field campaign period. Furthermore, we present the results of the field campaign and the capabilities of the QCLOPS system to measure fluctuations of the trace gases at parts-per-billion levels. The time series data illustrate the changing levels of the trace gases over the campaign period. In addition, data from commercial sensors simultaneously deployed at the field site are presented as a validation of the capabilities of the QCLOPS system. This work was supported by MIRTHE (NSF-ERC #EEC-0540832).

Physiochemical Properties of the Pulp and Almonds of TUCUMÃ (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart) for Oil Production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Longo, R. M.; Ribeiro, A. I.; Melo, W. J.; Queiroz, M. R.; Russo, A. C.; Amaral, J. B.

2009-04-01

Tucumã (Astrocaryum vulgare Mart) it is a palm tree commonly found at the Amazonian forest of firm earth, it produces nutritious fruits, quite appreciated by the local population. The seeds are for the obtaining of eatable olive oil and soap, the endocarp is employee for the local population in the making of earrings, rings, bracelets, necklaces and other workmanships. This species has occurrence also in Acre, Rondônia, Pará, Mato Grosso, Roraima, Trindad, Guyana and Bolivia. The objective of this work was to accomplish mechanical tests on the fruits with the purpose of studying the rupture of the shell and the whole income almonds and to obtain the impact loads in tucumã fruits. It was also characterized biochemical compositions of the pulp and the almond seeking the use for the other ends. The physiochemical parameters analyzed were: moisture content, fats gray, total protein, fiber, carbohydrate, calorie, fats acids and vitamins, just in the pulp: vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B5, vitamin B3, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C, vitamin D3 and vitamin E. The obtained results revealed that the maximum force of rupture was of approximately 6200 N for the direction apex-insert and 7200 N for the perpendicular direction; then this the tucumã fruit with high shell hardness when compared to the other types of chestnuts, being necessary studies to design machines capable to promote mechanical breaking and thus facilitating, its commercial exploration. The pulp of the tucumã fruits, presented a significant amount of fats (32%), following by carbohydrates (19,7%) and fibers (18,4). The caloric value was of 380 Kcal/g. Also the pulp presented good amount of vitamin B3 (niacin - 76,7%) and C (acid ascorbic - 23,6%). In relation to the fat acids the pulp presents contents of acid oleic (C18.1) about 72,8% following for linoléico (C18.2), being a good product for the human and animal feeding,. In the almond 24,2% of fiber, 10,7% of fats, 17,0% of carbohydrates and 4,3% of total protein were found. The caloric value was around 180 kcal/g. The difference between these values and other from literatures. Was observed probably the nutritional values of the tucumã vary so much with the variety as with the maturation stadium in that is the fruit. The almond of the tucumã presented contents of 50,82% of C12 (láurico)e 24,98% C14 (miristico). It is a quite interesting and very spread fruit among the local communities, especially in lands that already suffered human actions, as the introduction of pastures and where its crop in extraction areas, not causing this way, larger damages to the forest. Key Words: rupture force, fat acid, oil

Enhancement of pump absorption efficiency by bending and twisting of double clad rare earth doped fibers (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koška, Pavel; Peterka, Pavel; Doya, Valérie; Aubrecht, Jan; Kasik, Ivan; Podrazký, Ondřej

2017-05-01

High-power operation of fiber lasers was enabled by the invention of cladding-pumping in a double-clad fiber structure. Because of existence of so called skew rays in the inner clad of the fiber, pump absorption saturates along the fiber and pumping becomes inefficient. First studies of pump absorption efficiency enhancement were focused on fibers with broken circular symmetry of inner cladding eliminating skew rays [1,2]. Later, techniques of unconventional fiber coiling were proposed [3]. However, theoretical studies were limited to the assumption of a straight fiber. Even recently, the rigorous model accounting for fiber bending and twisting was described [4-6]. It was found that bending of the fiber influences modal spectra of the pump radiation and twisting provides quite efficient mode-scrambling. These effects in a synergic manner significantly enhances pump absorption rate in double clad fibers and improves laser system efficiency. In our contribution we review results of numerical modelling of pump absorption in various types of double-clad fibers, e.g., with cross section shape of hexagon, stadium, and circle; two-fiber bundle (so-called GTWave fiber structure) a panda fibers are also analyzed. We investigate pump field modal spectra evolution in hexagonally shaped fiber in straight, bended, and simultaneously bended and twisted fiber which brings new quality to understanding of the mode-scrambling and pump absorption enhancement. Finally, we evaluate the impact of enhanced pump absorption on signal gain in the fiber. These results can have practical impact in construction of fiber lasers: with pump absorption efficiency optimized by our new model (the other models did not take into account fiber twist), the double-clad fiber of shorter length can be used in the fiber lasers and amplifiers. In such a way the harmful influence of background losses and nonlinear effects can be minimized. [1] Doya, V., Legrand, O., Mortessagne, F., "Optimized absorption in a chaotic double-clad fiber amplifier," Opt. Lett., vol. 26, no. 12, pp. 872-874, (2001). [2] Kouznetsov, D., Moloney, J. V., "Efficiency of pump absorption in double-clad fiber amplifiers. II. Broken circular symmetry," J. Opt. Soc. Am. B, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 1259-1263, June 2002. [3] Li, Y., Jackson, S. D., Fleming, S., "High absorption and low splice loss properties of hexagonal double-clad fiber," IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett., vol 16, no. 11, pp. 2502-2504, Nov. 2004. [4] Ko\\vska, P. and Peterka, P., "Numerical analysis of pump propagation and absorption in specially tailored double-clad rare-earth doped fiber," Optical and Quantum Electronics, vol. 47, no. 9, pp. 3181-3191 (2015). [5] Ko\\vska, P., Peterka, P., and Doya, V., "Numerical modeling of pump absorption in coiled and twisted double-clad fibers," IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron., vol. 22, no. 2 (2016). [6] Ko\\vska, P., Peterka, P., Aubrecht, J., Podrazký, O., Todorov, F., Becker, M., Baravets, Y., Honzátko, P., and Kašík, I., "Enhanced pump absorption efficiency in coiled and twisted double-clad thulium-doped fibers," Opt. Express, vol. 24, no. 1, pp. 102-107 (2016).

Estimated flood-inundation mapping for the Lower Blue River in Kansas City, Missouri, 2003-2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kelly, Brian P.; Rydlund, Jr., Paul H.

2006-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the city of Kansas City, Missouri, began a study in 2003 of the lower Blue River in Kansas City, Missouri, from Gregory Boulevard to the mouth at the Missouri River to determine the estimated extent of flood inundation in the Blue River valley from flooding on the lower Blue River and from Missouri River backwater. Much of the lower Blue River flood plain is covered by industrial development. Rapid development in the upper end of the watershed has increased the volume of runoff, and thus the discharge of flood events for the Blue River. Modifications to the channel of the Blue River began in late 1983 in response to the need for flood control. By 2004, the channel had been widened and straightened from the mouth to immediately downstream from Blue Parkway to convey a 30-year flood. A two-dimensional depth-averaged flow model was used to simulate flooding within a 2-mile study reach of the Blue River between 63rd Street and Blue Parkway. Hydraulic simulation of the study reach provided information for the design and performance of proposed hydraulic structures and channel improvements and for the production of estimated flood-inundation maps and maps representing an areal distribution of water velocity, both magnitude and direction. Flood profiles of the Blue River were developed between Gregory Boulevard and 63rd Street from stage elevations calculated from high water marks from the flood of May 19, 2004; between 63rd Street and Blue Parkway from two-dimensional hydraulic modeling conducted for this study; and between Blue Parkway and the mouth from an existing one-dimensional hydraulic model by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. Twelve inundation maps were produced at 2-foot intervals for Blue Parkway stage elevations from 750 to 772 feet. Each map is associated with National Weather Service flood-peak forecast locations at 63rd Street, Blue Parkway, Stadium Drive, U.S. Highway 40, 12th Street, and the Missouri River at the Hannibal railroad bridge in Kansas City. The National Weather Service issues peak-stage forecasts for these locations during times of flooding. Missouri River backwater inundation profiles were developed using interpolated Missouri River stage elevations at the mouth of the Blue River. Twelve backwater-inundation maps were produced at 2-foot intervals for the mouth of the Blue River from 730.9 to 752.9. To provide public access to the information presented in this report, a World Wide Web site (http://mo.water.usgs.gov/indep/kelly/blueriver/index.htm) was created that displays the results of two-dimensional modeling between 63rd Street and Blue Parkway, estimated flood-inundation maps, estimated backwater-inundation maps, and the latest gage heights and National Weather Service stage forecast for each forecast location within the study area. In addition, the full text of this report, all tables, and all plates are available for download at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/sir2006-5089.

Sound Exposure of Healthcare Professionals Working with a University Marching Band.

PubMed

Russell, Jeffrey A; Yamaguchi, Moegi

2018-01-01

Music-induced hearing disorders are known to result from exposure to excessive levels of music of different genres. Marching band music, with its heavy emphasis on brass and percussion, is one type that is a likely contributor to music-induced hearing disorders, although specific data on sound pressure levels of marching bands have not been widely studied. Furthermore, if marching band music does lead to music-induced hearing disorders, the musicians may not be the only individuals at risk. Support personnel such as directors, equipment managers, and performing arts healthcare providers may also be exposed to potentially damaging sound pressures. Thus, we sought to explore to what degree healthcare providers receive sound dosages above recommended limits during their work with a marching band. The purpose of this study was to determine the sound exposure of healthcare professionals (specifically, athletic trainers [ATs]) who provide on-site care to a large, well-known university marching band. We hypothesized that sound pressure levels to which these individuals were exposed would exceed the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) daily percentage allowance. Descriptive observational study. Eight ATs working with a well-known American university marching band volunteered to wear noise dosimeters. During the marching band season, ATs wore an Etymotic ER-200D dosimeter whenever working with the band at outdoor rehearsals, indoor field house rehearsals, and outdoor performances. The dosimeters recorded dose percent exposure, equivalent continuous sound levels in A-weighted decibels, and duration of exposure. For comparison, a dosimeter also was worn by an AT working in the university's performing arts medicine clinic. Participants did not alter their typical duties during any data collection sessions. Sound data were collected with the dosimeters set at the NIOSH standards of 85 dBA threshold and 3 dBA exchange rate; the NIOSH 100% daily dose is an exposure to 85 dBA over 8 h. Dose data for each session were converted to a standardized dose intensity by dividing the dose percentage by the duration of the exposure and setting the NIOSH standard as a factor of 1.0. This allowed convenient relative comparisons of dose percentages of vastly different exposure durations. Analysis of variance examined relationships of noise exposures among the venues; post hoc testing was used to assess pairwise differences. As hypothesized, ATs were exposed to high sound pressure levels and dose percentages greatly exceeding those recommended by NIOSH. Higher sound levels were recorded in performance venues compared with rehearsal venues. In addition to the band music, crowd noise and public address systems contribute to high sound levels at performances. Our results suggest that healthcare providers working with marching bands are exposed to dangerous levels of sound during performances. This is especially true at venues such as football stadiums, where crowd noise and public address systems add to sound pressure. A hearing conservation program, including protection, should be required for all healthcare staff who work with marching bands. Moreover, our results should inform hearing conservation practices for marching musicians, directors, and support personnel. American Academy of Audiology

Using Total Lightning Observations to Enhance Lightning Safety

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stano, Geoffrey T.

2012-01-01

Lightning is often the underrated threat faced by the public when it comes to dangerous weather phenomena. Typically, larger scale events such as floods, hurricanes, and tornadoes receive the vast majority of attention by both the general population and the media. This comes from the fact that these phenomena are large, longer lasting, can impact a large swath of society at one time, and are dangerous events. The threat of lightning is far more isolated on a case by case basis, although millions of cloud-to-ground lightning strikes hit this United States each year. While attention is given to larger meteorological events, lightning is the second leading cause of weather related deaths in the United States. This information raises the question of what steps can be taken to improve lightning safety. Already, the meteorological community s understanding of lightning has increased over the last 20 years. Lightning safety is now better addressed with the National Weather Service s access to the National Lightning Detection Network data and enhanced wording in their severe weather warnings. Also, local groups and organizations are working to improve public awareness of lightning safety with easy phrases to remember, such as "When Thunder Roars, Go Indoors." The impacts can be seen in the greater array of contingency plans, from airports to sports stadiums, addressing the threat of lightning. Improvements can still be made and newer technologies may offer new tools as we look towards the future. One of these tools is a network of sensors called a lightning mapping array (LMA). Several of these networks exist across the United States. NASA s Short-term Prediction Research and Transition Center (SPoRT), part of the Marshall Spaceflight Center, has access to three of these networks from Huntsville, Alabama, the Kennedy Space Center, and Washington D.C. The SPoRT program s mission is to help transition unique products and observations into the operational forecast environment. SPoRT has been collaborating with the Huntsville National Weather Service (NWS) Office since 2003 and has since included several other offices to better implement LMA observations into real-time applications. Much of that work has focused on the LMA s ability to detect intra-cloud lightning in addition to cloud-to-ground lightning strikes. Combined, these observations are called total lightning. With total lightning observations, NWS offices can enhance their situational awareness and improve severe weather warnings. Just as importantly, the observed intra-cloud flashes often precede the first cloud-to-ground strike by a few minutes. SPoRT and its partner NWS offices are working to develop visualizations and applications to better utilize these data. However, there is a drawback. The LMAs have a short range of no more than 200 km. This is being addressed with the next generation geostationary satellite, GOES-R, which will boast the Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM). SPoRT, in conjunction with NOAA s GOES-R Proving Ground, is working to prepare the end user community for the GLM era using the LMA observations as a demonstration tool. Working collaboratively with our NWS partners, SPoRT is working to determine how best to integrate these future observations to improve both severe storm warnings and lightning safety.

An Integrated 0-1 Hour First-Flash Lightning Nowcasting, Lightning Amount and Lightning Jump Warning Capability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mecikalski, John; Jewett, Chris; Carey, Larry; Zavodsky, Brad; Stano, Geoffrey

2015-01-01

Lightning one of the most dangerous weather-related phenomena, especially as many jobs and activities occur outdoors, presenting risk from a lightning strike. Cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning represents a considerable safety threat to people at airfields, marinas, and outdoor facilities-from airfield personnel, to people attending outdoor stadium events, on beaches and golf courses, to mariners, as well as emergency personnel. Holle et al. (2005) show that 90% of lightning deaths occurred outdoors, while 10% occurred indoors despite the perception of safety when inside buildings. Curran et al. (2000) found that nearly half of fatalities due to weather were related to convective weather in the 1992-1994 timeframe, with lightning causing a large component of the fatalities, in addition to tornadoes and flash flooding. Related to the aviation industry, CG lightning represents a considerable hazard to baggage-handlers, aircraft refuelers, food caterers, and emergency personnel, who all become exposed to the risk of being struck within short time periods while convective storm clouds develop. Airport safety protocols require that ramp operations be modified or discontinued when lightning is in the vicinity (typically 16 km), which becomes very costly and disruptive to flight operations. Therefore, much focus has been paid to nowcasting the first-time initiation and extent of lightning, both of CG and of any lightning (e.g, in-cloud, cloud-to-cloud). For this project three lightning nowcasting methodologies will be combined: (1) a GOESbased 0-1 hour lightning initiation (LI) product (Harris et al. 2010; Iskenderian et al. 2012), (2) a High Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR) lightning probability and forecasted lightning flash density product, such that a quantitative amount of lightning (QL) can be assigned to a location of expected LI, and (3) an algorithm that relates Pseudo-GLM data (Stano et al. 2012, 2014) to the so-called "lightning jump" (LJ) methodology (Shultz et al. 2011) to monitor lightning trends and to anticipate/forecast severe weather (hail > or =2.5 cm, winds > or =25 m/s, tornadoes). The result will be a time-continuous algorithm that uses GOES satellite, radar fields, and HRRR model fields to nowcast first-flash LI and QL, and subsequently monitors lightning trends on a perstorm basis within the LJ algorithm for possible severe weather occurrence out to > or =3 hours. The LI-QL-LJ product will also help prepare the operational forecast community for Geostationary Lightning Mapper (GLM) data expected in late 2015, as these data are monitored for ongoing convective storms. The LI-QL-LJ product will first predict where new lightning is highly probable using GOES imagery of developing cumulus clouds, followed by n analysis of NWS (dual-polarization) radar indicators (reflectivity at the -10 C altitude) of lightning occurrence, to increase confidence that LI is immanent. Once lightning is observed, time-continuous lightning mapping array and Pseudo-GLM observations will be analyzed to assess trends and the severe weather threat as identified by trends in lightning (i.e. LJs). Additionally, 5- and 15-min GOES imagery will then be evaluated on a per-storm basis for overshooting and other cloud-top features known to be associated with severe storms. For the processing framework, the GOES-R 0-1 hour convective initiation algorithm's output will be developed within the Warning Decision Support System - Integrated Information (WDSS-II) tracking tool, and merged with radar and lightning (LMA/Psuedo-GLM) datasets for active storms. The initial focus of system development will be over North Alabama for select lightning-active days in summer 2014, yet will be formed in an expandable manner. The lightning alert tool will also be developed in concert with National Weather Service (NWS) forecasters to meet their needs for real-time, accurate first-flash LI and timing, as well as anticipated lightning trends, amounts, continuation and cessation, so to provide key situational awareness and decision support information. The NASA Short-term Prediction Research and Transition (SPoRT) Center will provide important logistical and collaborative support and training, involving interactions with the NWS and broader user community.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Friedman, A; Kwan, J

Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Fusion Energy Sciences approved the NDCX-II project, a second-generation Neutralized Drift Compression eXperiment. NDCX-II is a collaborative effort of scientists and engineers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), and the Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory (PPPL), in a formal collaboration known as the Virtual National Laboratory for Heavy Ion Fusion Science (HIFS-VNL). Supported by $11 M of funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, construction at LBNL commenced in July of 2009, with completion anticipated in March of 2012. Applications of this facility will includemore » studies of: the basic physics of the poorly understood 'warm dense matter' regime of temperatures around 1 eV and densities near solid, using uniform, volumetric ion heating of thin foil targets; ion energy coupling into an ablating plasma (such as that which occurs in an inertial fusion target) using beams with time-varying kinetic energy; space-charge-dominated ion beam dynamics; and beam focusing and pulse compression in neutralizing plasma. The machine will complement facilities at GSI in Darmstadt, Germany, but will employ lower ion kinetic energies and commensurately shorter stopping ranges in matter. Much of this research will contribute directly toward the collaboration's ultimate goal of electric power production via heavy-ion beam-driven inertial confinement fusion ('Heavy-Ion Fusion', or HIF). In inertial fusion, a target containing fusion fuel is heated by energetic 'driver' beams, and undergoes a miniature thermonuclear explosion. Currently the largest U.S. research program in inertial confinement is at Livermore's National Ignition Facility (NIF), a multibillion-dollar, stadium-sized laser facility optimized for studying physics issues relevant to nuclear stockpile stewardship. Nonetheless, NIF is expected to establish the fundamental feasibility of fusion ignition on the laboratory scale, and thus advance this approach to fusion energy. Heavy ion accelerators have a number of attributes (such as efficiency, longevity, and use of magnetic fields for final focusing) that make them attractive candidates as Inertial Fusion energy (IFE) drivers As with LBNL's existing NDCX-I, the new machine will produce short ion pulses using the technique of neutralized drift compression. A head-to-tail velocity gradient is imparted to the beam, which then shortens as it drifts in neutralizing plasma that suppresses space-charge forces. NDCX-II will make extensive use of induction cells and other hardware from the decommissioned ATA facility at LLNL. Figure (1) shows the layout of the facility, to be sited in LBNL's Building 58 alongside the existing NDCX-I apparatus. This second-generation facility represents a significant upgrade from the existing NDCX-I. It will be extensible and reconfigurable; in the configuration that has received the most emphasis, each NDCX-II pulse will deliver 30 nC of ions at 3 MeV into a mm-scale spot onto a thin-foil target. Pulse compression to {approx} 1 ns occurs in the accelerator as well as in the drift compression line; the beam is manipulated using suitably tailored voltage waveforms in the accelerating gaps. NDCX-II employs novel beam dynamics. To use the 200 kV Blumlein power supplies from ATA (blue cylinders in the figure), the pulse duration must first be reduced to less than 70 ns. This shortening is accomplished in an initial stage of non-neutral drift compression, downstream of the injector and the first few induction cells. The compression is sufficiently rapid that fewer than ten long-pulse waveform generators are needed, with Blumleins powering the rest of the acceleration. Extensive simulation studies have enabled an attractive physics design; these employ both a new 1-D code (ASP) and the VNL's workhorse 2-D/3-D code Warp. Snapshots from a simulation movie (available online) appear in Fig. 2. Studies on a dedicated test stand are quantifying the performance of the ATA hardware and of pulsed solenoids that will provide transverse beam confinement (ions require much stronger fields than the electrons accelerated by ATA). For more information, see the recent article in the Berkeley Lab News and references therein. Joe Kwan is the NDCX-II project manager and Alex Friedman is the leader for the physics design.« less

Max Tech and Beyond: High-Intensity Discharge Lamps

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scholand, Michael

High-intensity discharge (HID) lamps are most often found in industrial and commercial applications, and are the light source of choice in street and area lighting, and sports stadium illumination. HID lamps are produced in three types - mercury vapor (MV), high pressure sodium (HPS) and metal halide (MH). Of these, MV and MH are considered white-light sources (although the MV exhibits poor color rendering) and HPS produces a yellow-orange color light. A fourth lamp, low-pressure sodium (LPS), is not a HID lamp by definition, but it is used in similar applications and thus is often grouped with HID lamps. Withmore » the notable exception of MV which is comparatively inefficient and in decline in the US from both a sales and installed stock point of view; HPS, LPS and MH all have efficacies over 100 lumens per watt. The figure below presents the efficacy trends over time for commercially available HID lamps and LPS, starting with MV and LPS in 1930's followed by the development of HPS and MH in the 1960's. In HID lamps, light is generated by creating an electric arc between two electrodes in an arc tube. The particles in the arc are partially ionized, making them electrically conductive, and a light-emitting 'plasma' is created. This arc occurs within the arc tube, which for most HID lamps is enclosed within an evacuated outer bulb that thermally isolates and protects the hot arc tube from the surroundings. Unlike a fluorescent lamp that produces visible light through down-converting UV light with phosphors, the arc itself is the light source in an HID lamp, emitting visible radiation that is characteristic of the elements present in the plasma. Thus, the mixture of elements included in the arc tube is one critical factor determining the quality of the light emitted from the lamp, including its correlated color temperature (CCT) and color rendering index (CRI). Similar to fluorescent lamps, HID lamps require a ballast to start and maintain stable operating conditions, and this necessitates additional power beyond that used by the lamp itself. HID lamps offer important advantages compared to other lighting technologies, making them well suited for certain applications. HID lamps can be very efficient, have long operating lives, are relatively temperature-insensitive and produce a large quantity of light from a small package. For these reasons, HID lamps are often used when high levels of illumination are required over large areas and where operating and maintenance costs must be kept to a minimum. Furthermore, if the installation has a significant mounting height, high-power HID lamps can offer superior optical performance luminaires, reducing the number of lamps required to illuminate a given area. The indoor environments best suited to HID lamps are those with high ceilings, such as those commonly found in industrial spaces, warehouses, large retail spaces, sports halls and large public areas. Research into efficacy improvements for HID lighting technologies has generally followed market demand for these lamps, which is in decline for MV and LPS, has reached a plateau for HPS and is growing for MH. Several manufacturers interviewed for this study indicated that although solid-state lighting was now receiving the bulk of their company's R&D investment, there are still strong HID lamp research programs, which concentrate on MH technologies, with some limited amount of investment in HPS for specific niche applications (e.g., agricultural greenhouses). LPS and MV lamps are no longer being researched or improved in terms of efficacy or other performance attributes, although some consider MH HID lamps to be the next-generation MV lamp. Thus, the efficacy values of commercially available MV, LPS and HPS lamps are not expected to increase in the next 5 to 10 years. MH lamps, and more specifically, ceramic MH lamps are continuing to improve in efficacy as well as light quality, manufacturability and lamp life. Within an HID lamp, the light-producing plasma must be heated to sufficiently high temperatures to achieve high efficiencies, without melting the electrodes or altering the operating conditions of the lamp. The research in ceramic MH has focused on the arc tube, the electrodes and the plasma, resulting in an innovation announced by Philips Lighting in 2009 called the 'unsaturated lamp.' The unsaturated lamp addresses a problem experienced by standard ceramic MH lamps where a pool of liquid salt develops in the arc tube while the lamp is operating. This pool of liquid salt limits the light characteristics of the lamp such as the efficacy and color quality, and reduces lamp lifetime. By making modifications to the arc tube, the pressure and the operating temperature, the unsaturated ceramic MH lamp resolves this issue by keeping all the halide salts in the gaseous phase, even while the lamp is dimming (down to 50%).« less

2016 SPD: Day 3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-06-01

Editors note:This week were in Boulder, Colorado at the47th meeting of the AAS Solar Physics Division (SPD). Follow along to catch some of the latest news from the field of solar physics!Yesterdayspress conference was titled Preparing for the 2017 Great American Eclipse. Four speakers highlighted both outreach and research projects that are planned for the eclipse that will cross the continental United States on August 21st next year.Eclipse from High AltitudeFirst up, Angela Des Jardins (Montana Space Grant Consortium) introduced us to the nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project.An eclipse as seen from the ISS. Being up high gives you a very different perspective on eclipses! [NASA]The last total solar eclipse in the continental United States was in 1979, and people were told to stay inside and watch from their TVs! For the next total solar eclipse in the US, we want the opposite: for everyone to be outdoors and in the path of totality to watch (with eclipse glasses lets be safe)! This eclipse is a fantastic educational opportunity, and a way to reach an enormous audience.And what better way to experience the eclipse than to be involved? The Eclipse Ballooning Project is involving more than 50 student teams from 30 states to fly high-altitude balloons at 20 locations along the total eclipse path. These balloons will send live videos and images from the edge of space to the NASA website.Why? Being someplace high up provides an entirely different view for an eclipse! Instead of looking up to watch the Moon slide in front of the Sun, you can look down to watch the Moons shadow race across the Earths surface at thousands of miles per hour. This unique perspective is rare, and has certainly never been covered live. This will be an awesome addition to other coverage of the eclipse!At Maximum TotalityThe next speaker, Gordon Emslie, described the outreach efforts planned at his institution, Western Kentucky University (WKU). The location where the eclipse totality will last the longest 2 minutes and 40 seconds is the small town of Hopkinsville, KY. WKU is located a little over an hour away, and both locations are prepared for a large influx of people on eclipse day!Partial solar eclipse as viewed by the space-based Solar Dynamics Observatory. [NASA/SDO]WKU is located just off the centerline of eclipse path, which has some advantages: this provides better viewing of some of the chromospheric features of the Sun during the eclipse, like priminences and solar loops. WKU is setting up a variety of educational and public outreach activities at their football stadium and the WKU farm, and they encourage you to come visit for the eclipse!In addition, they are participating in a nationwide experiment called Citizen CATE, short for the Continental American Telescopic Eclipse. This project will use 60 telescopes spanning the 2500 mile path of totality to record continuous data of the eclipse as it travels across the US. The result will be data of a remarkable 90 minutes of totality, revealing the activity of the solar corona and providing an extended view of the eclipse as has never been seen before.Science During the EclipseNext up was Shadia Habbal (University of Hawaii), who is a co-leader of the AAS 2017 Eclipse Task Force. In addition to her education and outreach efforts associated with the eclipse, however, Habbal is a solar eclipse researcher. She and her collaborators are known as the Solar Wind Sherpas, due to the fact that they hand-carry their science equipment around the world for solar eclipses!Solar corona during a 2008 eclipse, with color overlay indicating emission from highly ionized iron lines. [Habbal et al. 2010]The primary science done during solar eclipses is the study of the solar corona, the region that extends from the solar surface out to several solar radii. This region is too faint to observe normally, but when the light from the Suns disk is blocked out, we can examine it.Unfortunately, the space telescopes that observe the Sun all have relatively narrow fields of view. But during an eclipse, we can gain the larger context for the corona with ground-based observations, with the Moon conveniently blocking the light from the Suns disk! The cover photo is a spectacular example of this.Observations of the corona during eclipses can provide information on both enormous events, like coronal mass ejections, and faint dynamical features, like plasma instabilities and expanding loops. In addition, we can learn about the plasma properties by examining emission from highly charged ions. The upcoming eclipse should provide a great opportunity to do some coronal science!A Unique OpportunityThe final press-conference speaker for the meeting was Jay Pasachoff (Williams College and Caltech), a veteran solar eclipse observer who was able to speak to what we could expect if we make it into the path of totality next year.Path of totality across the continental US for the August 2017 eclipse. [Fred Espenak/NASA GSFC]Pasachoff pointed out that there are nearly 12 million people located within the band of totality. There are probably another 200 million within a days drive! He strongly encouraged anyone able to make it to the path of totality to do so, pointing out that the experience in person is completely unlike the experience of watching a video. The process of watching the world around you go dark, he says, is something that simply isnt captured when you watch an eclipse on TV.If you plan to travel for the eclipse, Pasachoffs recommendation is to aim for the northwest end of the path of totality, rather than the southeast end surprisingly, weather statistics suggest you have a better chance of not getting clouded out in the northwest.We now have a year left to educate everyone likely to view the eclipse on when and how to view it safely! Accordingly, Pasachoff concluded the conference by providing a series of links on where to find more information:eclipses.infototalsolareclipse.orgGreatAmericanEclipse.comeclipsophile.com

Houston, We Have a Podcast. Episode 41 The Space Launch System Part.1

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-20

Production Transcript for Ep41 The Space Launch System Part.1.mp3 Gary Jordan (Host): Houston, we have a podcast. Welcome to the official podcast of the NASA Johnson Space Center Episode 41, the Space Launch System part one. I'm Gary Jordan, and I'll be your host today. On this podcast, we bring in the experts, NASA scientists, engineers, astronauts, all to let you know the coolest information right here at NASA. So, today, we're talking about the most powerful rocket since the Saturn V moon rocket. It's called NASA's Space Launch System. So, we've got two guests from Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama here with us today to tell us a little bit about the rocket, the payloads it will carry. Don't worry. We'll define what a payload is. And then, where it's going to go. Spoiler alert, it will bring people big stuff and little stuff all farther than we've ever gone before. Wait. Why did I do that? That totally ruins the, oh wait. Never mind. It doesn't ruin anything. This is a really good topic, jam packed with information. So much information that we're going to do this in two parts. This is part one. So, with us today are David Smith and Paul Bookout. David is the Vice President for Advanced Programs at Victory Solutions in Huntsville, Alabama. He has a long career in aerospace engineering and is a Subject Matter Expert on rocket architecture and how payloads fit inside the rocket. He wrote the SLS mission planner's guide which gives payload developers a general idea of the capabilities of the rocket and some technical specifications, so they can determine how their payloads might fit inside of it. He looks after some of the big payloads. Our other guest is Dr. Paul Bookout, EM-1 Secondary Payloads Integration Manager who manages integration of five CubeSats in the giant rocket as well as the avionics that will control deployment of the 13 small satellite payloads on the first mission of SLS and Orion called Exploration Mission-1, EM-1. He spends his time managing the little payloads, not much bigger than a shoebox, that goes inside of a skyscraper-sized rocket. So, we're going to be talking about just how powerful this monster rocket is, its unique capabilities, and what it will be used for, where it is in its development, its first mission with the Orion crew vehicle, and then look ahead to the future to missions to the moon, to Mars, and throughout the solar system. So, we are go for launch with Mr. David Smith and Dr. Paul Bookout for the Space Launch System Program. T minus five, four, three, two, one, zero, and liftoff of Episode 41 of Houston, We Have a Podcast. Always wanted to do that. Feel like I just ruined it. You know what? Let's just start. [ Music ] Host: T minus five second and counting. Mark. [ Music ] Host: There she goes. Host: Houston, we have a podcast. [ Music ] Host: All right. Paul and David, thanks so much for coming on the podcast today. We talked about Orion on a few episodes so far but really haven't had the privilege to talk about he giant rocket that Orion is going to be on, the SLS. And, we have you guys here from Marshall to actually talk to us about this rocket. So, thank you very much for coming on. David Smith: Sure. David Smith: Thank you for having us. Host: Our pleasure. Host: All right. Just to sort of back up, we have Paul Bookout and David Smith, so you guys want to talk a little bit about each one, so we can identify your voices. Paul Bookout: David, go ahead. David Smith: Well, sure. I'm just an engineer. My associate Dr. Bookout is a doctor. Host: Okay. David Smith: But, we both work together on trying to find innovative ways to associate payloads with the capability of SLS which is going to be the world's largest rocket. So, I kind of look at the larger payloads, and Dr. Bookout looks at maybe some of the other kind, smaller payloads that can fit in the niches that are left over. Paul Bookout: Well, thank you Vice President David. David Smith: Yes. Paul Bookout: I appreciate you talking about introducing myself. So, what we have is secondary payloads. Again, we're just trying to understand the whole utilization of SLS since it's going to be the most powerful rocket built since the Saturn V. It's going to have a lot more capability, so we want to utilize it to its fullest. Host: Okay. So, you said there's going to be, basically, we're going to utilize the rocket to its maximum potential. We got this big rocket, and we're going to test it. But, while we test it, let's put some cool stuff on it. Paul Bookout: Exactly. Host: So, let's back up and talk about just SLS. What is SLS? What is this giant rocket that we're talking about? Paul Bookout: SLS is America's rocket. It's the next NASA's launch vehicle that's going to be able to put humans back to the moon and further out into deep space. Of course, a lot of it's built on shuttle hardware heritage. The SLS rocket's made up of the solar rocket boosters, a main core, an upper stage, and then the crew Orion spacecraft with a co-manifest payload or a primary payload. And, David will talk a little bit more about that later. So, of course, this is NASA's first exploration class launch vehicle since Saturn V, so we're going to be putting humans back to the moon, out to deep space, and eventually, you know, to Mars systems. It has a very large mass lift capability and also volume, so some of these larger probes that are satellites or probes that are going to outer planets that they'll be able to arrive at their destination in just a few years instead of maybe eight to ten years. [00:05:24] You're cutting that trip down to one or two years. So, it's a lot of savings there. Host: So, that's a really important part to kind of hone in on is just the versatility of this rocket. You're talking about a giant rocket that can take people, giant payloads, faster, farther. That's pretty much the whole summary of the SLS, right? Paul Bookout: Yes. Definitely. Host: So, what's, what does it take to be human rated? So, I guess the difference between something that's not a rocket and something that is. Paul Bookout: Of course, it goes through the whole development process, starts at the beginning. You have to have safety emission assurances involved from the very beginning. Just an overview, you have to have, like redundant systems. If something goes wrong with one system, there's another system to kick in to back up to still make the vehicle safe. There's safety reviews throughout the whole process. We do additional testing, a lot more testing than other commercial launch vehicles do just to make sure that the vehicle is safe for humans. Host: That's really the main thing, right? Paul Bookout: Yeah. [00:06:33] Host: The safety. But, then, also the redundancy because I guess redundancy is cost. Redundancy is weight. So, you have to factor that into a rocket where you can just say, "Oh, if it fails, you know, with the primary systems, it fails." But, at least the only thing we lose is this piece of hardware. And, not to say that that's not a bad thing, but. Paul Bookout: Right. Host: It's very different from human life. So, I guess, absolutely, you need to be considerate of that. Paul Bookout: Right. And, there is a tradeoff, as you was saying. Additional systems, more mass, and that's mass that is being taken away from your primary payloads. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: And lift capability, but we need that to be safe. Host: You know what? I actually always wanted to ask this question, but you said primary payloads. I get this question all the time from folks not in NASA, and it's just, we use this term all the time, but what, to you, is a payload? [00:07:22] Paul Bookout: A payload is anything that goes up on top of the rocket that's lifted into space. It can be a satellite. I can be probes. Of course, the Orion spacecraft, once it's on the rocket, it can have its own second co-manifested payload along with it. So, just anything, really, that's launched into space. Host: Does a person count as a payload. Paul Bookout: We don't like to refer to. [ Laughter ] Host: It doesn't humanize it as much, right? Paul Bookout: No, it doesn't. No. Host: So, I guess, for example, going back to that co-manifest thing, the Orion. The Orion would be the payload. That would be the primary thing that you want to bring into orbit. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: But, then, there's something that is, something called co-manifested which means it's not the primary thing, but it's also part of the part that you want to lift the mission. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: For example, on the second generation of the SLS rocket, it will have capability of launching a co-manifest payload along with Orion, and it could be anywhere from additional probe going out into the moon, or it can be call separation bus, propulsion system that's launched. And, then, when a habitat is launched, then they can be combined and go to the moon. So, it's, allows us to build capabilities out in space, too, with co-manifested payloads. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Along with Orion. Host: Is that one of the things you're working on? Or, you're working on, I guess, secondary payload? Paul Bookout: Yes. I'm mainly focused in on secondary payloads. Host: So, what's secondary payloads? Paul Bookout: Okay. Secondary payloads, or they call auxiliary payloads. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: They're payloads that do not drive the primary mission of the, of that launch. For example, on EM-1, we have secondary payloads on that. That's EM-1, Exploration Mission-1. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: First launch of SLS rocket. David Smith: Yeah. Paul Bookout: We have 13 payloads on that, and I'll talk a little bit more about that later. But, the primary requirements they have is for secondary payloads in general is do no harm to the vehicle and minimal impact. So, the do no harm aspect is that we have to fly safe. The whole system, deployment system and everything, is designed to be safe. Like, all the CubeSats are turned off during launch. They have to have, like, redundant systems, as in two separation switches that allow them to turn on. Because, if one fails while we're being launched, it could turn on the systems. So, we have two there. Host: Oh, okay. Paul Bookout: To back that up, to keep it safe. And then, minimal requirements, of course, if the rocket is ready to launch and the secondary payload's not ready yet, it's going to launch. Because it does not affect the primary mission of the payload, of the launch. Host: Right. Paul Bookout: Of that. Host: Well, that puts a lot of constraints on you, then, huh? Paul Bookout: Yes, yes it does. Host: Because, not only do you have to worry about these, and I guess we can kind of hone in on the CubeSats a little bit later. But, you have to worry about the CubeSats, but now you have to add something else to it. Now, you have to add these redundant systems. And then, there's no guarantee that if you're not ready, that's okay. We're going to go without you. Paul Bookout: Right. Exactly. SLS is, the first rocket's not going to be the only configuration of SLS. And, of course, SLS is Space Launch System. We, the first launch is going to be called Block 1. Then, we're going to be stepping up to Block 1B which means we're going to be adding a different upper stage. Right now, we're utilizing an existing Boeing ULA upper stage to use on this mission, mainly to save initial money so we can develop the core stage. And, once the core stage has been developed, then we can have additional funds to start developing the new upper stage or exploration upper stage. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Okay? And, that's going to be the Block 1B configuration. And, Block 1B will have actually two configurations. It'll be a crew which was, as we talked about before, the Orion spacecraft with a co-manifested payload. The other configuration will be the Block 1B cargo where that would be your primary payloads. So, the only payload will be that major payload. Host: Okay. So, when you say "Block", you're looking at the entire rocket configuration. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: And, Block 1 is this configuration with the ULE booster, right? Paul Bookout: Right. Host: Okay. And then, Block 1B has the NASA booster on top. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: Instead of the ULA, but then you can do crew or cargo on that one. Paul Bookout: Exactly. Host: Whereas, EM-1 you don't, and EM-1, we can get into this later, is, you're not going to have crew on it, right? That's not part of the test. That's for one of the later missions. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: I see. So, really, the blocks are kind of the stages of developing the rocket into its full capability of. Paul Bookout: Right. Host: Of this eventual Mars lander. That's awesome. So, now, you're using these commercial elements. You're using ULA in Block 1 and the leftover solid rocket boosters until, eventually, 1B, 1B crew, you get to Block 2. Now, you have the configuration. New boosters. You got the NASA upper stage. You got all of these configurations, and now you can go to, where can you go? David Smith: Well. Host: Is it just to Mars? David Smith: Well, you really need Block 2, ultimately, to fulfill a human settlement on the lunar surface as well. Host: Really? David Smith: You need a kind of lift capability. But, if you want to assemble an architecture, because it'll take multiple flights of a Block 2 to assemble a human architecture capable of transiting to Mars, you'll need four to five Block 2 flights at a time to assemble that stack that can go to Mars. Host: So, what's, I guess, how much more power does Block 2 provide you that, I guess, Block 1B would not? David Smith: Well, it nominally, you're talking another 25 tons or so. So, it could bring a second Orion vehicle in comparison because Orion weighs about 25 tons. So, it, really, from a lift standpoint, is maybe a fifth more powerful than the Block 1B, and it gives you that extra diameter, potentially for the payload ferrying that would allow, you know, the smaller the diameter of the ferrying, the taller a lander needs to be. And, think about a lander on the surface of the moon or Mars, if it's three or four stories, that's a lot of vertical height an astronaut has to overcome every time they're taking stuff back and forth. Host: That's right. David Smith: So, we're, the larger the diameter, the shorter can be the squatter, can be the easier it is to manipulate items on and off a lander. Whether it's on the moon or Mars. Host: Okay. Wow. So, then, you're talking about once this Block 2 configuration is done with the new solid rocket boosters, you can actually have a wider payload go on top of the rocket. David Smith: Right. Well, there's a nuclear thermal propulsion that's out there that has the potential of getting people to Mars a lot sooner. It needs a much larger diameter because it used hydrogen as a fuel. Hydrogen is very bulky because it isn't very dense. And so, if we were ever to use a new kind of propulsion that would lower the time to get to Mars, you need a Block 2 vehicle. A smaller rocket will never allow you to do nuclear thermal propulsion. Host: Okay. Let's go back to some of these other configurations. I kind of want to get a sense of the look and feel of this rocket. We sort of talked about it, but to just sort of go into detail. If I was looking at let's just say the Block 1 configuration, the one that's actually going to go for EM-1, what does that look like? How tall is it? What's the weight of it? How much power? David Smith: Right. So, roughly Block 1 and 1B are somewhat similar. Host: Okay. David Smith: They're going to be about the same height as the Saturn V. Host: Oh. David Smith: Which means it's a big rocket, but part of that's because we can't really exceed the vehicle assembly building limitations that are at the Cape. So, you want to make it as big as you can, so you can put as much fuel in it as you can. Basically, the thrust of the Block 1 vehicle which is similar to the Block 1B for the solid rocket motors is about 3.6 million pounds each. Those only fly for about two minutes. Then, you have the core engines. There's four space shuttle era type SSMEs that each have about 512,000 pounds of thrust. You multiply that by four. They operate for about eight minutes. Together, you get about a total thrust of about 8.8 million pounds which gives you an escape velocity of over 22,000 miles an hour. The core stage itself is about 2/3 the length of a football field which is pretty tremendous. One single stage of this vehicle's about 2/3 of a football stadium. And, which is around 212 feet, and the Block 1B ferrying that we talked about, the 8.4-meter diameter ferrying, could accommodate up to three school buses inside its volume. So, that's pretty incredible when you think about the size of what can be lofted in a single vehicle like that. In comparison, the Block 1 vehicle, you know, can throw 70 tons to lower earth orbit where the shuttle can only do 28 tons to low earth orbit. So, it's about three times more powerful than the shuttle. Host: Wow. So, you're talking, you're comparing it to the Saturn V in terms of its size but talking about these efficient engines. What makes, what is it about the engines that's more efficient that's giving you this extra power? David Smith: Well, they, you know, the shuttle engines were rated at 100% thrust originally, and I think they got them up to 109%. So, they actually got them to work 9% more efficiently at the end of the shuttle program. We're taking these up to 11% more thrust, and maybe even 13% more thrust. So, you're really pushing these engines to their limit, and the, it's really coupling their efficiency now at 113% thrust with the reliability of the shuttle system. Host: Unbelievable. The engine itself is called an RS25, right? Paul Bookout: Yes. Host: That's what it's called. And, these are the engines that were on the shuttle. Now, you're pretty much just putting it on the SLS, but it sounds like there's a good reason for that. It's because you've flown the shuttle so many times, improved the capability of it past its, like, total 100% thrust ratio. Now, you're going, you're going past the 100%. So, basically, is like why would we, why would we do something else? We worked so hard on this one. This one is, like, extremely efficient. Why would we, and we can make it even more efficient. That's the logic behind it? Paul Bookout: Well, right. Initially, of course, we have about, I believe, 16 space shuttle main engines or these RS25s left over from the shuttle program. So, we're utilizing the existing hardware to save cost while we're developing the core stage. You know, the first part of the SLS. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: And, as you mentioned, we are updating the engines, getting more capability out of them. So, to that point, we can do four per, so we can do about four launches, four rocket, or four engines on each launch. So, we can do about four launches with the current RS25s. Host: Okay. And, that, is that for one of the later configurations? Paul Bookout: That's correct. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Yeah. Host: Is it the Block 2? Paul Bookout: The Block 2. Host: Block 2? Paul Bookout: Block 2 and beyond. Host: Oh, okay. I see. I see where the whole idea of staging this whole thing comes from, right? Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: You've got, you're using the leftover solid rocket boosters, and you're using this commercial upper stage. And, it's just basically getting to this point where you're going to maximize the efficiency of the rocket. Paul Bookout: Right. Host: Unbelievable. So, three school buses inside of the 1B configuration, right? That's, is it about the weight of three school buses? Is like taking three school buses to space? David Smith: No, it would be, it would be more than that. Host: More than that? David Smith: I mean, nominally, if you went to the moon, we're going to take, the Block 1B could take roughly 40 tons to lunar vicinity which is, which is pretty incredible. Host: Wow, and just in terms of not only, like, quantity, you're talking three school buses. But, also size. David Smith: Yeah, and mass. Host: Also weight. David Smith: Right. Host: You know, you got all of these, all these different components. So, I guess we can kind of focus in on now that we kind of understand the rocket and the evolution of the rocket, let's go to that first, that first test flight, EM-1. We've talked about EM-1 on the podcast before, especially from testing Orion and that. But, really haven't focused in on what is it about, what is it about EM-1 that we're testing SLS for? So, let's start with that. What are we going to test, and I guess we can kind of start with the overview of EM-1 for those who haven't listened to it before. Paul Bookout: Right. So, EM-1 is, of course, going to be the first launch of the SLS rocket. Its primary segments are, of course, solid rocket motors which are a heritage from shuttle hardware. Shuttle had four segments, where EM-1 is going to have five segment motors. Then, of course, the core stage which is heritage off the shuttle external tank but made longer for additional capability of fuel. And, we're also using the main engines from the shuttle program with updated technology and ratings to get more power out of those four rockets on there. So, that makes up the primary lift capability of the SLS rocket. On top of that, we have an interim cryogenic propulsion stage, which, or second stage, upper stage, that we're utilizing from Boeing, existing hardware for EM-1 mission. And then, of course, in addition to adaptors, then there will be the Orion spacecraft, which is the primary mission of EM-1 is to test out the SLS rocket. Then, also, to test out the Orion spacecraft with its trajectory and telemetries and communications. It's going to be on about a 25 1/2 day mission to distant retrograde orbit. That really means just go way past the moon and come back. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: You know, a 25 1/2 day trip. Of course, and, you know, we're doing all this because, again, for the safety aspects. We want to test the vehicle out and Orion spacecraft before we put humans in it. Host: Right. Paul Bookout: So, we want to make sure it's safe, make sure everything works. And, that's that safety aspect, that human rated part of a launch vehicle. Host: So, the human rated part is the Orion can go to 25.5 days, or is this going past what it's expected to possibly operate at? David Smith: I think that's a nominal timeframe for the Orion with crew. So, this is pretty much, I think, its extreme capability. Host: Yeah. David Smith: But, you know, part of it is testing just the systems period. You always, for human rating, you always want to test it far in, you know, far from what the humans will actually experience so that you have a safety factor that's sufficient for human use. Host: Oh, yeah. Because if you're going to be operating on, say, 16 day missions, you don't really want to, okay. Well, let's just test 16. Paul Bookout: Exactly. Host: You really want to go kind of further out and see, all right. Let's see how far this puppy can go. David Smith: And, I think part of this mission's objective is to bring it in at a lunar return velocity to test that heat shield. Host: Yeah. David Smith: You can't do it from low earth orbit. You got to kind of go out and bring it in fast, so. Host: So, what's the difference with EFT-1? That was one of the first test flights we did where we didn't go all the way out to the moon, but we did kind of a, this large apogee so that we can get up to, I think it was some, like 25,000 miles. Or, maybe it was a little slower than that. The difference is between EFT-1 and EM-1. David Smith: I think, I think it was very close to what they would experience in a lunar return, but it's not the actual lunar return. Host: I see. David Smith: Right, so you want to be able to stage it. You want to go out in orbit. You want to test the time that you're out in orbit. That was a very short mission, maybe five or six hours. Now, we're talking 25 days. Well, all the equipment still work when it's, you know, soaked in a cold temperature, hot temperature, all those days. And, now, you're coming in. Will it all work when it comes to the right moment. So, this really puts the pedal to the metal. Host: That's right. So, what is it? I guess the relationship between what are you guys looking at for SLS versus Orion on this particular mission, EM-1? Paul Bookout: So, for SLS, again, we want to test all the systems, make sure they're fully functional. We'll be checking out redundant systems indirectly, of course. And, communications with the vehicle, since it's the first time the vehicle's being launched. We're all, we're talking with the vehicle all the way up. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: So, we want to make sure all those ground systems are ready to support, actually, human flight mission. So, it's just not the vehicle. It's the overall architecture of everything that goes into supporting a launch that we want to verify and check out. Host: Oh, that's right. Now, we're preparing to go into fly deep space missions. So, not only is it, all right, let's test the hardware, but let's test to operational aspect. Paul Bookout: Exactly. Host: Let's test what it's going to take to actually do these missions from the broadest perspective possible. David Smith: And, that includes, even, just bringing the, you know, the pieces are being built all over the place. Host: Yeah. David Smith: And, tested all over the place. So, just bringing them together at the cape and making sure they can be integrated in a safe and timely fashion for launch. That, in itself, is a really important objective. We're talking about such a large rocket. Paul Bookout: Yeah, so this is the first time all those components going to be coming together, and there's going to be hiccups along the way. And, we just need to understand how this vehicle goes together and make sure we do it correctly. Host: So, you say the vehicle's going to be talking to you guys throughout its flight. What is it going to be telling you? What kinds of data are you really looking for that's really going to tell you that this thing is working how we're expecting it to work? David Smith: Well, remember, you're talking to payload guys, so, you know, we're more interested in seeing what the payload's going to experience. Host: Yeah. David Smith: But, think about this. When it launches on the pad, it has an incredible noise issue coming off that mobile launch platform. That's why, if you remember, they had these things called rainbirds, the big sprinklers that start spraying as soon as the engines go to try to mitigate that noise. Host: Right. David Smith: The payload is particularly sensitive to it. Obviously, the vehicle itself is sensitive to that noise as well. So, acoustic mitigation is one of the most important things at launch. Then, we have a thermal issue, right? We go up to max Q, max dynamic pressure. We have a certain heating that is, occurs on the outside of the vehicle. And, before, we got to get through all that heating before we can make sure that the crew is going to be safe, that we can take the shielding off the Orion and so forth. So, we're going to be testing all those environmental concerns as we go forward, and of course, the jettisoning of, you know, the SRBs off the core stage. Then, the ICPS in Orion off the core stage. And then, of course, then, the Orion off the ICPS. All these jettison events, and there's quite a few of them, are extremely important, and we need to test those. Each one has its associated thermal and acoustic issues. So, we're going to test each one of those as it goes forward. Paul Bookout: Since this is the first launch of SLS rocket, we don't really understand the full environments that it's going to be launched in. As David mentioned, the thermal, interior thermal, acoustic, vibration. It's the first time we're going to launch it. So, what we're also have is a lot of instrumentation on this vehicle to be able to measure the actual vibration levels and everything else. So, we can, once we go back to designing and looking at what we call safety factors, reducing those so we can have more margin on the vehicle and means that goes into more mass lift capabilities. So, we're trying to understand the overall characteristics of the vehicle itself. So, in addition, for secondary payload, or payloads in general, we can give them more of an accurate environment that they will see during launch. As in, how much vibration they'll feel, how much thermal environments that they'll see. So, when they start designing their payloads for, to run the ride on this vehicle, they can have more of an accurate environment. And, maybe not have, make it a lot more efficient design. Host: Okay. So, then, what data are you going off of now based on, you guess you haven't launched the SLS. So, what are you assuming, or where are you getting the data from? David Smith: We have, we started off with assuming, at least for the payloads, that we would provide an ELV, and expendable launch vehicle class environment. Host: Okay. David Smith: So, if you've flown on Atlas or Delta, you should expect nothing worse than that. Host: Okay. David Smith: That's our starting point. Host: Oh, okay. David Smith: Now, what Paul's going into is we're going to try to characterize is that really true? So, the first flight's important. Are we in? Are we out? What do we have to do? Is there more foam that you got to put in the payload section to mitigate the noise? That's what we're trying to figure out. But, we should be within an ELV class is what we're projecting right now. Host: Okay. So, then, I'm assuming you're going to have some actual science on board EM-1, right? Because you're testing, you're testing the structure of EM-1. You're testing the rocket. But then, you have this mission. Why not take advantage of it? Is there anything else going on the EM-1? Paul Bookout: Oh, definitely. Host: Okay, good. Paul Bookout: Yes. We have, we'll have 13 secondary payloads that we're going to be launching on EM-1. Host: Wow. Paul Bookout: That'll, that is located in the Orion stage adapter. That's the segment that connects the SLS rocket to the Orion spacecraft. So, it's a small ring about five feet high. About 18 or so feet in diameter. And, along the inner circumference of that is where we are mounting these 13 secondary payloads. Host: Oh, so I guess they have to be kind of small, right? That's not a lot of space compared to the, what's in the ferrying. Paul Bookout: Correct. So, on EM-1, we have 13 CubeSats. CubeSats are defined as a, we call a 1U, which is about ten by ten by ten-centimeter cube. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: So, what we're having on EM-1 is allowing them to go up to what we call a 6U. So, it's a CubeSat that's about the, a little bit larger than the size of a shoebox, a large shoebox. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: And, that's kind of the dimensions of these 6U CubeSats that we're having on EM-1. David Smith: Which is the most common CubeSat, really, today, right? Paul Bookout: Correct. Exactly. So, we have multiple missions that these payloads are going to be doing. So, we've got one destination is to the moon. We have Lunar Flashlight which is out of Jet Propulsion Laboratory, and their primary mission is to search for ice deposits and resources on the moon using a laser. Host: Ooh. Paul Bookout: Okay. And, the second one is Lunar IceCube which is Morehead State University up in Kentucky. And, they're going to also be searching for water of all forms and volatiles on the moon using infrared spectrometer. These are some big words that I can't even define, so. [ Laughter ] LunaH-Map is from Arizona State University, and they're going to be creating high fidelity map of near surface hydrogen in craters on the moon. Lunar IR is from Lockheed Martin in Colorado, and they're going to be performing advanced infrared imagery of lunar surface. We've got one that's going to the sun facility, and it's called CuSP. It's from Southwest Research Institute here in Texas, and it's going to be measuring particles and magnetic fields of space weather between us and the sun. We have one that's going around the Earth. It's called EQUULEUS. It's a Japanese payload, and we actually have three international payloads on this mission. And, I'll touch on those others. Host: Awesome. Paul Bookout: So, again, EQUULEUS is from JAXA. It's the University of Tokyo supporting that. I mean, it's imaging the Earth's plasma sphere for a better understanding of Earth radiation environment. And also, it's going to be initially on the far side of the moon and detecting any meteor crater flashes that may impact the far side of the moon. Host: Wow. Paul Bookout: So, they'll be out there for about two months or so and just hopefully they'll be able to catch something. Some of the other missions are BioSentinel. It's from Ames Research Center, and they're going to be using baker's yeast to see the effects of radiation on actual live items, you know, live yeast. And, then, ArgoMoon, which is the European Space Agency, is built in Italy. It's going to be observing the interim cryogenic propulsion stage. That's upper stage is going to be deployed. Look at that upper stage, and then it's going to go on some additional missions. And, it's going to look at the upper stage to see what kind of effects the environment has during liftoff on the upper stage. Because, until now, we, once the upper stage is launched, we usually don't get a chance to look the conditions of that. This will give us some feedback and see what the upper stage has went through, if there's any damage or anything. Host: It sounds like these CubeSats are all over the place. Paul Bookout: Yes. Yeah. I've got a couple more here. Host: Oh, really. Paul Bookout: I haven't got to my two favorite yet. So. Host: Oh, we're standing by. Paul Bookout: Okay. Centennial Challenge. That was a challenge that NASA set up called Cube Quest, and it's to help develop communications for these smaller CubeSats. There's two challenges. One was a lunar challenge to around the lunar surface and for longevity. And, the other one was a deep space mission which was a CubeSat, as it says, going out into deep space to see how far and long and what burst rates and clarity that you can have in your signals. So, there's total prizes for everything through all the development and final missions. It's up to $5 million. Host: Wow. Paul Bookout: So, that's a lot of money. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: Spread out over those. So, you did, you asked what my two favorite payloads are. Host: Oh, yeah. Paul Bookout: Let me tell you. One of them is NEA Scout. That's developed at Marshall Spaceflight Center. What's unique about that is NEA Scout means Near Earth Asteroid. So, they're going to be going to a near earth asteroid. But, the exciting thing about it is that they're going to be using solar cell to get there for their propulsion system. So, this is the first time a solar cell will be used to, for propulsion out into deep space. There have been other missions in low earth orbit to check out the technology and feasibility of solar cells, but this is the first time going out to deep space. And, for a CubeSat that's a little bit larger than a shoebox, it will be deploying the cell that will be 40 by 40 feet. Host: Whoa. Paul Bookout: So, that's huge. Host: Wait, and a little CubeSat. Paul Bookout: In a little CubeSat. Host: And, it deploys a 40 foot. Paul Bookout: Yes. Host: Oh, wow. Paul Bookout: Yeah, so that solar cell is very thin material. Host: Yeah. It must be to fold up into, like, this ten-centimeter cube thing. Paul Bookout: Exactly. Host: So, so, the solar. Paul Bookout: You said ten centimeters. 6U CubeSat is 10 by 20 by 30. Host: Oh, because this is 6U. Paul Bookout: 6U, correct. Host: Oh, okay. Okay. Okay. So, solar sails, though, this is, it basically unfurls this 40-foot sail, and is it the one where the high-power laser that pushes it? Paul Bookout: No. Paul Bookout: That's different. Paul Bookout: This is going to ride the solar winds. Paul Bookout: Ride the solar winds. Paul Bookout: Solar particles will be pushing it along. It'll do actually a fly by the near-earth asteroid as it comes up. It'll be taking images all the way around as it passes. Host: Okay. Wow. Paul Bookout: So, and my ultimate favorite one is. Host: Yeah, we didn't get the last one. Paul Bookout: Is actually the one that I'm the Secondary Payload Integration Manager for. Host: Oh. Paul Bookout: So, it's one of my CubeSats. Host: So, it's an unbiased favorite, then. Paul Bookout: Yes. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Yeah, still. It's called OMOTENASHI. It's another Japanese CubeSat. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: And, their mission is to land on the moon. Host: Oh. Paul Bookout: Can you imagine a small little CubeSat, you know, a little bit larger than a shoebox, land on the moon? Of course, and the big thing about it is that they're going to be using a solid rocket motor to slow down to be able to land on the moon. So, that's one of the things on EM-1 that we're offering that previous commercial launch vehicles and that don't offer propulsion systems for secondary payload to be able to utilize that. That's one thing EM-1 and SLS is allowing. So, that's a huge deal. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: For those. So, if OMOTENASHI is successful at landing on the moon, they'll be the fourth nation in the world to have actually land and do some science on the moon. Host: Wow. Paul Bookout: You know. Host: So, what kind of science? Paul Bookout: Well, because, again, they're still a small payload, so they can't get large science instruments to the moon, when they land, actually land on the moon, all that will be left is about the size of a sandwich box. Because they have to get rid of all the extra weight to be able to slow down enough to be able to land. And, they'll probably so some soil impact measurements, as in how soft vibration, shock, as it's landing on the moon. And, I, so, and they're only going to be able to do it for about 30 minutes or so. Again, because of the size, what we're limiting them to. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: They can't get the mechanics, orbital mechanics and velocities and everything. I'm sorry. Host: So, it's, it's kind of general on where you can land, then? It's just like, it's just going to land. It's not going to land in a targeted spot, I guess? Paul Bookout: Correct. They know the general vicinity where it's going to land. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: But, they can't have ultimate control, like any of the other landers that have larger systems, propulsion systems, to slow them down. So, they would be actually, once the solar motor fires, they'll still be traveling at about 60 miles an hour when they impact the moon. So, they're going to inflate these impact balloons to actually bounce, similar to what they've done on Mars, some of the Mars Rovers. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: So, it'll come and impact moon and bounce and then finally rest on the moon. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: And, do about 30 minutes of impact soil measurements. Host: Wow. How would that be, though? I'm imagining, I mean, landing at 60 miles an hour. That's, you know. Paul Bookout: Well. Host: That's not slow, but at the same time, it's the moon, right? It's. Paul Bookout: Right. Yes, but then again, you're not going directly into it. You know, you're coming in at an angle, too. Host: At an angle. Paul Bookout: So, it's not a fully impact. Host: Okay. Great. Paul Bookout: Direct impact, so. Host: So, you got all these CubeSats going around the Earth, around the upper stage, around the moon, on the moon, to deep space. Where do you deploy, how does that work? Where do you deploy everything? It's not just like you just let everything go at all. It has to be pretty controlled because each one has a very specific mission. Paul Bookout: Right. We've created what we call bus stops. Host: Oh. Paul Bookout: They're basically different aspects of the trajectory of the upper stage. So, the first bus stop is when you're in between the two radiation belts or Van Allen belts. Bus stop two is when you've passed all the radiation belts. Bus stop three is half way between the Earth and the moon. Bus stop four is the closest proximity to the moon, and bus stop five is when you're going into a heliosynchronous or sun orbit. And, that's where the upper stage will be disposed into the sun orbit. So, when a payload says, "Hey, I want to get off at 200,000 miles away from the Earth." Well, okay, where is that exactly? So, that's why we kind of created these bus stops. Host: I see. Paul Bookout: They can get off anywhere they want to, but it helps us relate to the areas where they want off. So, most of them are wanting off at stop one. About seven or eight of them. Because they need to get out and start changing their trajectory as soon as possible. Again, we're offering propulsion systems, but they're not large enough to have really change their directions further on. So, a little change at first makes a big change later. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: So, they want to get off to be able to do that, make those little changes. Most of the payloads that are going to lunar orbit, what they're wanting to do is slow down because the ICPS, you know, is launching Orion into this distant retrograde orbit. And, you know, way past the moon. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: So, it has a lot of velocity heading that way, and if the payloads don't slow down, they'll just go flying past the moon. The moon can't, doesn't have enough gravity to pull them back into an orbit. And, some of them, even though they are going to the moon, they'll actually fly past the moon, and it may take a month or so for them to come back, to slow down enough to come back and get hooked into the moon's gravity and start orbiting the moon. Host: Oh, wow. Paul Bookout: So, it's not a direct flight into the moon orbit, just because they don't have the propulsion systems large enough to be able to do that. Host: So, is it fair to say they're all going to be in a very similar orbit, or are they all going to kind of go their respective directions? Paul Bookout: They're going to do their respective ways. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Some of them wants to do in the crater, so they're going to be going to the pole system, up to the poles to look see if there's ice up in there. And, some of them will just be doing a regular geosynchronous type of orbit. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Type thing. Host: All right. Paul Bookout: We talked about where these, what the payloads are and where they're going to want to get off. To be able to allow them to get off, again, we have to have a deployment system where, again, some of the primary requirements for EM-1 was or SLS is to do no harm and to have minimal impact to the vehicle. Host: Yes. Paul Bookout: Well, to do that latter one, what we've come up with a system is that we will receive an energy, the avionics unit for deploying the secondary payloads will receive an energy pulse for, from Orion. Or, I'm sorry. Will receive an energy pulse from the upper stage once Orion has already left and the upper stage has gone through its disposal maneuvers. That means burning off extra fuel and everything making it safe. Right before it shuts down, it will turn on the avionics unit for deploying the secondary payloads. Then, the upper stage turns off. So, we wake up, and we've got our own internal battery system. And, each payload is inside of a dispenser, and so, the dispenser operates as the, has a spring-loaded lid. And, the payloads inside are installed by compressing the spring. So, when the, when it's time for that particular payload to be deployed, we get an energy pulse from the avionics unit sent to the dispenser to open the door. The door flings open, and then the secondary payload is pushed out by springs. So, that's how they're deployed. Host: Okay. So, like a, so, like an SLS jack in the box. [laughter] Paul Bookout: If you will. Host: That's what I'm imagining. Obviously, it's going to shoot out. Paul Bookout: We have pulled those analogies before, but I'll let you state it. Host: And then, I guess there's, you get this power pulse that's going to, I guess, be directed to whatever seven is going to be part of bus stop one, and whatever the next ones for bus stop two. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: And, they'll be deployed, if there's multiple at a particular bus stop, they'll be deployed a minute or two away from each other, after each other because we don't want to be able to deploy one and then deploy another one right behind it. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: And then, they have recontact. Host: So, I'm trying to imagine the way everything is situated in my head, and at this part of the flight when you're starting to deploy these secondary payloads, what does, what does the rocket, I guess, or what does the piece that's actually flying, what does it look like? I guess you have Orion and then there's this deployment system, and then there's, is it the upper stage behind it? Paul Bookout: Okay. So, once we've launched. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: After about two minutes, the solar rocket motors are. David Smith: Jettisoned. Paul Bookout: Jettisoned. And then, the core stage lifts the rest of the vehicle up into orbit. And, after that time, when the core stage is spent, then it'll be jettisoned. And then, you'll have your upper stage and your Orion spacecraft which of course the secondary payloads are still in part of that. And then, then, it'll go into what they call a translunar injection that's basically the upper stage will ignite and put Orion into its mission profile going past the moon. Host: So, at this point, right before it ignites, it's still in, I guess, Earth orbit, and the translunar injection gets it to the moon. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: Okay. Paul Bookout: Okay. So, once the upper stage has spent its fuel, the Orion spacecraft will separate, okay? From the upper stage. So, it'll go through on to its mission. And then, about 30 minutes later, 20, 30 minutes later, the secondary payloads will start their deployment. Host: I see. Okay. Paul Bookout: So, Orion is well away and actually speeding faster away from the upper stage. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: The upper stage, once it goes through its disposal maneuver, is actually flying kind of, you would say, backwards, engine first, towards the moon. Host: Oh. Paul Bookout: So, the secondary payloads will be ejected out the other direction. So. Host: Okay. So, so. Paul Bookout: So, when they're deployed, the ICPS won't run back into them. Host: That's right. Paul Bookout: Okay. So, they'll be deployed in the other direction. Host: But, now, Orion is going in, it's doing its own thing. Paul Bookout: Correct. Host: Because it did its job. It delivered Orion. That's the primary payload. Now, it's off. But, the secondary payloads are still part of this upper stage. They haven't gone with Orion. They're totally separate. Paul Bookout: Correct. They have their own. Host: So, it's like, they're kind of doing, they're going. Paul Bookout: Yeah. Host: Different ways. Interesting. Paul Bookout: Yeah, they have their own mission profiles going in all different directions. Host: Okay. Okay. I don't know why that wasn't clear to me before but thank you. All right. So, I guess kind of backing up from there, you're talking about the solid rocket boosters are disposed. The core stage is disposed. Where are all these pieces going? Paul Bookout: Okay. Depending on their mission profile, all the secondary payloads are going to end of missions at different places. Some of them will be actually crashing into the moon, and that's common where the other countries and their lunar missions depositing on the moon. Some will, one or two will burn up in Earth's atmosphere as it comes back. Some of the other ones that are going out into deep space, of course, just keep going. The CuSP, which is going to solar. I'm sorry. CuSP, which is going to the sun's vicinity will just stay out there and eventually be pulled into the sun. Host: Okay. Host: So, that's all the secondary payloads. Paul Bookout: Correct. And, for each mission, each payload that's launched on U.S. rockets, they all have to have an end of mission plan. What are they going to do to end their mission, not just to be left out there as space junk. Because that's, we're having, sorry. We're starting to have a lot of problems with, as you know, there's a lot of space junk around Earth. Host: Oh, yeah. Paul Bookout: And, you don't want that same situation around other planets, too. Host: That's fair. That's fair. And, that's why, that's part of the, I mean, this is going back, but Cassini, right? That was the whole. It did its thing, and instead of just letting it be. It had a controlled entry into Saturn so that it didn't contaminate any other. Paul Bookout: Exactly. Yes. Host: Any other bodies. Yes, yes, of course. Paul Bookout: And, it doesn't matter what size you are. Host: Yeah. Paul Bookout: Even these small CubeSats have to have an end of mission. Host: Have to have an end of mission. Paul Bookout: Yes. Host: Awesome. But, I did want to go back to some of the earlier parts of the mission, right after launch. You know, you're talking about solid rocket boosters separating being. David Smith: Those go into the ocean. Host: Ocean? Okay. David Smith: Still, but they're not recovered this time. Host: Oh, okay. David Smith: You know, for shuttle, they were recovered. This time, it's too difficult. They're too large. So, they're just going to sink. Host: Okay. [00:48:19] David Smith: The external tank is, it can't go into orbit, so it's kind of lofted in such a way that it'll break up over the Indian Ocean safely. Host: Ah. David Smith: So, it's a very large tank. You know, this is much larger than the external tank of shuttle, so it's very important that it break up safely. So, that's, that's why you need the upper stage to actually bring the payload up into a circular orbit around the Earth. Otherwise, the payload would go down with the core module as well. Host: Okay. Okay. And, what about the, I guess, the upper stage. You said it's going to be doing this deployment, but then, after it deploys [inaudible]. David Smith: It's heliocentric. It goes into a sun, heliocentric disposal. Host: Sun heliocentric disposal. David Smith: So, it kind of goes away, and we should, hopefully, not see it again. Host: Okay. All right. That's a very nice summary of EM-1, and I feel like there's so much more to talk about. I kind of wanted to get into, you know, where are we now with SLS, all the history of it. So, I think we should take a break and just sort of let this one be Episode 41. We'll come back, and we'll do Episode 42 and just sort of get into the process behind building the SLS and then the journeys of where it's going to go and beyond. So, guys, thank you so much for coming on. We'll take a break. I'll see you in a few minutes. And, for everyone else, I guess we'll see you for the next episode. David Smith: All right. David Smith: Great, thank you. Look forward to it. Paul Bookout: Thank you. [ Music ] Houston, go ahead. [ Inaudible Comment ] [inaudible] for all mankind. Not because they are easy, but because they are hard. Welcome to space [echo]. Host: Hey, thanks for sticking around. So, the best places to follow development and delivery of the rocket as we test the major components and deliver it piece by piece to the Kennedy Space Center are on the social media channels on the web for the Space Launch System. So, first the website. You can go to www.nasa.gov/ guess what? SLS. That's where you can get the latest, the greatest on the Space Launch System. On Twitter, it's @nasa underscore SLS. On Facebook, it's NASASLS, that's one word. Or, this is one of the things that actually David Smith wrote. You can actually search SLS Mission Planner's Guide. And, it's a document that you can find on the web. You can download it, and it actually has a lot of great information on just the whole scope of the Space Launch System. We're really looking forward to the first launch of SLS and Orion from the Kennedy in a couple years. Sounds like we're well on our way to the pad, and we'll be launching astronauts back to the moon in just a few short years. If you have questions on SLS and its development, use the hashtag asknasa on your favorite platform. Just go to the Johnson accounts. Those are the ones we look at. The NASA Johnson Space Center accounts on Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. You can send an idea or a question, and we'll make sure to mention it's for, or just make sure to mention it's for Houston, We Have a Podcast, and we'll bring it up in a later episode. Or, maybe address it in an entire episode. The whole episode will be dedicated to the question. Who knows? So, this podcast was recorded on March 20, 2018. Thanks to Alex Perryman, Rachel Craft, Laura Reshawn [assumed spelling], Kelly Humphries, Pat Ryan, Tyler Martin, Bev Perry, and all the folks at the Marshall Spaceflight Center for coming on to help to put this together. Thanks again to Dr. Paul Bookout and Mr. David Smith for coming on the show. We'll be back next week with part two.