Permanently Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5

2011-12-08

House - 01/12/2012 Referred to the Subcommittee on Insurance, Housing and Community Opportunity. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Aiding Those Facing Foreclosure Act of 2010

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Brown, Sherrod [D-OH

2010-11-29

Senate - 11/29/2010 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Foreclosure Mandatory Mediation Act of 2009

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Nelson, Bill [D-FL

2009-12-18

Senate - 12/18/2009 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Systematic Foreclosure Prevention and Mortgage Modification Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Feinstein, Dianne [D-CA

2009-01-06

Senate - 01/06/2009 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Limiting Investor and Homeowner Loss in Foreclosure Act of 2010

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Whitehouse, Sheldon [D-RI

2011-01-27

Senate - 03/31/2011 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 22. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Limiting Investor and Homeowner Loss in Foreclosure Act of 2014

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Cohen, Steve [D-TN-9

2014-05-07

House - 07/21/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform, Commercial And Antitrust Law. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Permanently Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2013

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Blumenthal, Richard [D-CT

2013-11-21

Senate - 11/21/2013 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Foreclosure Fraud and Homeowner Abuse Prevention Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Brown, Sherrod [D-OH

2011-04-14

Senate - 04/14/2011 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act of 2009

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Ellison, Keith [D-MN-5

2009-03-02

House - 03/02/2009 Referred to the House Committee on Financial Services. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see S.896, which became Public Law 111-22 on 5/20/2009. Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Aiding Those Facing Foreclosure Act of 2010

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Kaptur, Marcy [D-OH-9

2010-06-10

House - 12/17/2010 On motion to suspend the rules and pass the bill, as amended Failed by the Yeas and Nays: (2/3 required): 210 - 145 (Roll no. 655). (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Failed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

A bill to protect the property and security of homeowners who are subject to foreclosure proceedings, and for other purposes.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Kohl, Herb [D-WI

2009-01-06

Senate - 01/06/2009 Read twice and referred to the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Development and validation of the occupational identity scale.

PubMed

Melgosa, J

1987-12-01

Ego-identity research utilizing Marcia's (1966) identity statuses has been prolific during the past 15 years. The four types of statuses--achievement, moratorium, foreclosure, diffusion--have become part of the ego-identity development theory. The development of a research tool to study further one of the dimensions of ego-identity development (occupational dimension) was perceived as a need. Therefore, items were created utilizing the criteria established by previous research and content validated by a group of experts. These statements were validated by 417 students from six high schools and colleges. Responses were analyzed and measures of construct and concurrent validity were obtained. Also indexes of internal consistency and item discrimination were estimated. Through factor analysis techniques, four factors were identified for the occupational identity statuses. They accounted for 49 per cent of the total variance. Reliability coefficients ranged between 0.70 and 0.87. Concurrent validity coefficients ranged between 0.38 and 0.79, when correlated with a similar instrument. After deletion of those items that did not contribute significantly to the validity of the instrument, a 28-item Occupational Identity Scale was established.

24 CFR 203.356 - Notice of foreclosure and pre-foreclosure sale; reasonable diligence requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-foreclosure sale; reasonable diligence requirements. 203.356 Section 203.356 Housing and Urban Development... diligence requirements. (a) Notice of foreclosure and pre-foreclosure sale. The mortgagee must give notice... pre-foreclosure sale procedure. (b) Reasonable diligence. The mortgagee must exercise reasonable...

24 CFR 27.5 - Prerequisites to foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.5 Prerequisites to foreclosure. Before commencement of a foreclosure under the Act...

24 CFR 27.5 - Prerequisites to foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.5 Prerequisites to foreclosure. Before commencement of a foreclosure under the Act...

24 CFR 27.5 - Prerequisites to foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.5 Prerequisites to foreclosure. Before commencement of a foreclosure under the Act...

24 CFR 27.5 - Prerequisites to foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.5 Prerequisites to foreclosure. Before commencement of a foreclosure under the Act...

To amend the Servicemembers Civil Relief Act to provide surviving spouses with certain protections relating to mortgages and mortgage foreclosures, and for other purposes.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Filner, Bob [D-CA-51

2011-03-30

Senate - 10/12/2011 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

24 CFR 27.20 - Conditions of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conditions of foreclosure sale. 27... Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.20 Conditions of foreclosure sale. (a) The requirements of section... property subject to foreclosure sale pursuant to the Act and this subpart are occupied by residential...

24 CFR 27.15 - Notice of default and foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... sale. 27.15 Section 27.15 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing... Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.15 Notice of default and foreclosure sale. (a) Within 45 days after... serving a Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale. (b) The Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale shall...

Neighborhood Foreclosures, Racial/Ethnic Transitions, and Residential Segregation

PubMed Central

Hall, Matthew; Crowder, Kyle; Spring, Amy

2015-01-01

In this article, we use data on virtually all foreclosure events between 2005 and 2009 to calculate neighborhood foreclosure rates for nearly all block groups in the United States to assess the impact of housing foreclosures on neighborhood racial/ethnic change and on broader patterns of racial residential segregation. We find that the foreclosure crisis was patterned strongly along racial lines: black, Latino, and racially integrated neighborhoods had exceptionally high foreclosure rates. Multilevel models of racial/ethnic change reveal that foreclosure concentrations were linked to declining shares of whites and expanding shares of black and Latino residents. Results further suggest that these compositional shifts were driven by both white population loss and minority growth, especially from racially mixed settings with high foreclosure rates. To explore the impact of these racially selective migration streams on patterns of residential segregation, we simulate racial segregation assuming that foreclosure rates remained at their 2005 levels throughout the crisis period. Our simulations suggest that the foreclosure crisis increased racial segregation between blacks and whites by 1.1 dissimilarity points, and between Latinos and whites by 2.2 dissimilarity points. PMID:26120142

Modeling photovoltaic diffusion: an analysis of geospatial datasets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davidson, Carolyn; Drury, Easan; Lopez, Anthony; Elmore, Ryan; Margolis, Robert

2014-07-01

This study combines address-level residential photovoltaic (PV) adoption trends in California with several types of geospatial information—population demographics, housing characteristics, foreclosure rates, solar irradiance, vehicle ownership preferences, and others—to identify which subsets of geospatial information are the best predictors of historical PV adoption. Number of rooms, heating source and house age were key variables that had not been previously explored in the literature, but are consistent with the expected profile of a PV adopter. The strong relationship provided by foreclosure indicators and mortgage status have less of an intuitive connection to PV adoption, but may be highly correlated with characteristics inherent in PV adopters. Next, we explore how these predictive factors and model performance varies between different Investor Owned Utility (IOU) regions in California, and at different spatial scales. Results suggest that models trained with small subsets of geospatial information (five to eight variables) may provide similar explanatory power as models using hundreds of geospatial variables. Further, the predictive performance of models generally decreases at higher resolution, i.e., below ZIP code level since several geospatial variables with coarse native resolution become less useful for representing high resolution variations in PV adoption trends. However, for California we find that model performance improves if parameters are trained at the regional IOU level rather than the state-wide level. We also find that models trained within one IOU region are generally representative for other IOU regions in CA, suggesting that a model trained with data from one state may be applicable in another state.

24 CFR 27.25 - Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.25 Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale. (a...

24 CFR 27.25 - Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.25 Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale. (a...

24 CFR 27.25 - Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.25 Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale. (a...

24 CFR 27.25 - Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.25 Termination or adjournment of foreclosure sale. (a...

The Home Foreclosure Crisis and Rising Suicide Rates, 2005 to 2010

PubMed Central

Light, Michael T.

2014-01-01

Objectives. We examined the association between state-level foreclosure and suicide rates from 2005 to 2010 and considered variation in the effect of foreclosure on suicide by age. Methods. We used hybrid random- and fixed-effects models to examine the relation between state foreclosure rates and total and age-specific suicide rates from 2005 to 2010 (n = 306 state-years). Results. Net of other factors, an increase in the within-state total foreclosure rate was associated with a within-state increase in the crude suicide rates (b = 0.04; P < .1), and effects were stronger for the real estate–owned foreclosure rate (b = 0.16; P < .05). Analysis of age-specific suicide rates indicated that the effects were strongest among the middle-aged (46–64 years: total foreclosure rate, b = 0.21; P < .001; real estate–owned foreclosure rate, b = 0.83; P < .001). Rising home foreclosure rates explained 18% of the variance in the middle-aged suicide rate between 2005 and 2010. Conclusions. The foreclosure crisis has likely contributed to increased suicides, independent of other economic factors associated with the recession. Rising foreclosure rates may be partially responsible for the recent uptick in suicide among middle-aged adults. PMID:24825209

24 CFR 27.15 - Notice of default and foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.15 Notice of default and foreclosure sale. (a) Within 45 days after...

24 CFR 27.15 - Notice of default and foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.15 Notice of default and foreclosure sale. (a) Within 45 days after...

24 CFR 27.15 - Notice of default and foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.15 Notice of default and foreclosure sale. (a) Within 45 days after...

24 CFR 27.20 - Conditions of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.20 Conditions of foreclosure sale. (a) The requirements of section... thereof, on the multifamily mortgage being foreclosed, shall not be eligible to bid on, or otherwise...

24 CFR 27.20 - Conditions of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.20 Conditions of foreclosure sale. (a) The requirements of section... thereof, on the multifamily mortgage being foreclosed, shall not be eligible to bid on, or otherwise...

Home foreclosure and risk of psychiatric morbidity during the recent financial crisis.

PubMed

McLaughlin, K A; Nandi, A; Keyes, K M; Uddin, M; Aiello, A E; Galea, S; Koenen, K C

2012-07-01

A defining feature of the US economic downturn of 2008-2010 was the alarming rate of home foreclosure. Although a substantial number of US households have experienced foreclosure since 2008, the effects of foreclosure on mental health are unknown. We examined the effects of foreclosure on psychiatric symptomatology in a prospective, population-based community survey. Data were drawn from the Detroit Neighborhoods and Health Study (DNHS), waves 1 and 2 (2008-2010). A probability sample of predominantly African-American adults in Detroit, Michigan participated (n=1547). We examined the association between home foreclosure between waves 1 and 2 and increases in symptoms of DSM-IV major depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). The most common reasons for foreclosure were an increase in monthly payments, an increase in non-medical expenses and a reduction in family income. Exposure to foreclosure between waves 1 and 2 predicted symptoms of major depression and GAD at wave 2, controlling for symptoms at wave 1. Even after adjusting for wave 1 symptoms, sociodemographics, lifetime history of psychiatric disorder at wave 1 and exposure to other financial stressors between waves 1 and 2, foreclosure was associated with an increased rate of symptoms of major depression [incidence density ratio (IDR) 2.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.6-3.6] and GAD (IDR 1.9, 95% CI 1.4-2.6). We provide the first prospective evidence linking foreclosure to the onset of mental health problems. These results, combined with the high rate of home foreclosure since 2008, suggest that the foreclosure crisis may have adverse effects on the mental health of the US population.

24 CFR 27.35 - Foreclosure costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Foreclosure costs. 27.35 Section 27.35 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...

24 CFR 27.35 - Foreclosure costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Foreclosure costs. 27.35 Section 27.35 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...

24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

24 CFR 27.35 - Foreclosure costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Foreclosure costs. 27.35 Section 27.35 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...

24 CFR 27.35 - Foreclosure costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Foreclosure costs. 27.35 Section 27.35 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...

24 CFR 27.10 - Designation of a foreclosure commissioner.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.10 Designation of a foreclosure commissioner. (a) When the Secretary determines that a multifamily mortgage should be foreclosed under the Act and this subpart, the General...

The spatial extent of the effect of foreclosures on crime.

PubMed

Payton, Seth B; Stucky, Thomas D; Ottensmann, John R

2015-01-01

Although neighborhood stability has long been considered a substantial determinant of crime, foreclosures have not been the subject of concerted research among criminologists until recently. A number of recent studies have examined the linkage between home foreclosures and crime. Though generally finding a significant relationship, studies have used different approaches and units of analysis. This variation led us to examine the spatial extent to which foreclosures affect a relatively small surrounding area. In this paper, we consider the spatial extent of the foreclosure effect on crime by estimating fixed effect negative binomial models using geocoded UCR data for 2003-2008 and foreclosure data to predict crime counts using the number of foreclosures within various small area radii. Results show that, independently and jointly, foreclosures are a predictor of crime up to at least a distance of 2250 feet. Importantly, that effect declines with distance. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of those findings. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 203.370 - Pre-foreclosure sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Pre-foreclosure sales. 203.370...-foreclosure sales. (a) General. HUD will pay FHA insurance benefits to mortgagees in cases where, in accordance with all regulations and procedures applicable to pre-foreclosure sales, the mortgaged property is...

Parental Identity and Its Relation to Parenting and Psychological Functioning in Middle Age

PubMed Central

Fadjukoff, Päivi; Pulkkinen, Lea; Lyyra, Anna-Liisa; Kokko, Katja

2016-01-01

SYNOPSIS Objective. This article focuses on identity as a parent in relation to parenting and psychological functioning in middle age. Design. Drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality and Social Development, 162 participants (53% females) with children (age 36), represented the Finnish age-cohort born in 1959. Parental identity was assessed at ages 36, 42, and 50. Results. In both women and men, parental identity achievement increased from age 36 to 42 and remained stable to 50. The level of parental identity achievement was higher in women than in men. Achievement was typical for women and foreclosure for men. Participants’ education, occupational status, and number of offspring were not related to parental identity status. As expected, parental identity achievement was associated with authoritative (indicated by higher nurturance and parental knowledge about the child’s activities) parenting style. No significant associations emerged between parental identity foreclosure and restrictiveness as an indicator of authoritarian parenting style. The diffused men outscored others in parental stress. Achieved parental identity was related to generativity in both genders and to higher psychological and social well-being in men. Conclusions. At present, many parenting programs are targeted to young parents. This study highlighted the importance of a later parenting phase at around age 40, when for many, the children are approaching puberty. Therefore, parenting programs and support should also be designed for middle-aged parents. Specifically men may need additional support for their active consideration and engagement in the fathering role. © Päivi Fadjukoff, Lea Pulkkinen, Anna-Liisa Lyyra, and Katja Kokko This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-No Derivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. PMID:27019651

The Effect of Foreclosure on Boston Public School Student Academic Performance. Working Paper No. 13-12

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradbury, Katharine; Burke, Mary A.; Triest, Robert K.

2013-01-01

Although the recent wave of mortgage foreclosures has clearly been accompanied by economic hardship, relatively little research has examined how foreclosures affect the academic performance of students. This paper investigates the relationship between mortgage foreclosures and the academic performance of students using a unique dataset that…

Do Foreclosures Affect Boston Public School Student Academic Performance? Public Policy Brief No. 13-5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradbury, Katharine; Burke, Mary A.; Triest, Robert K.

2013-01-01

Foreclosures have well-documented adverse consequences for families living in or owning properties undergoing foreclosure and on surrounding neighborhoods, but they may also have other costs. This policy brief summarizes our research on the impact of mortgage foreclosures on academic performance among Boston public school students. The data show…

Is there a Link Between Foreclosure and Health?

PubMed Central

Currie, Janet

2016-01-01

We investigate the relationship between foreclosures and hospital visits using data on all foreclosures and all hospital and emergency room visits from four states that were among the hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis. We find that living in a neighborhood with a spike in foreclosures is associated with significant increases in urgent unscheduled visits, including increases in visits for preventable conditions. The estimated relationships cannot be accounted for by increasing unemployment, declines in housing prices, migration, or by people switching from out-patient providers to hospitals. PMID:27390614

Foreclosures and crime: a city-level analysis in Southern California of a dynamic process.

PubMed

Hipp, John R; Chamberlain, Alyssa W

2015-05-01

Although a growing body of research has examined and found a positive relationship between neighborhood crime and home foreclosures, some research suggests this relationship may not hold in all cities. This study uses city-level data to assess the relationship between foreclosures and crime by estimating longitudinal models with lags for monthly foreclosure and crime data in 128 cities from 1996 to 2011 in Southern California. We test whether these effects are stronger in cities with a combination of high economic inequality and high economic segregation; and whether they are stronger in cities with high racial/ethnic heterogeneity and high racial segregation. One month, and cumulative three month, six month, and 12-month lags of foreclosures are found to increase city level crime for all crimes except motor vehicle theft. The effect of foreclosures on these crime types is stronger in cities with simultaneously high levels of inequality but low levels of economic segregation. The effect of foreclosures on aggravated assault, robbery, and burglary is stronger in cities with simultaneously high levels of racial heterogeneity and low levels of racial segregation. On the other hand, foreclosures had a stronger effect on larceny and motor vehicle theft when they occurred in a city with simultaneously high levels of racial heterogeneity and high levels of racial segregation. There is evidence that the foreclosure crisis had large scale impacts on cities, leading to higher crime rates in cities hit harder by foreclosures. Nonetheless, the economic and racial characteristics of the city altered this effect. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

No Spillover Effect of the Foreclosure Crisis on Weight Change: The Diabetes Study of Northern California (DISTANCE).

PubMed

Downing, Janelle; Karter, Andrew; Rodriguez, Hector; Dow, William H; Adler, Nancy; Schillinger, Dean; Warton, Margaret; Laraia, Barbara

2016-01-01

The emerging body of research suggests the unprecedented increase in housing foreclosures and unemployment between 2007 and 2009 had detrimental effects on health. Using data from electronic health records of 105,919 patients with diabetes in Northern California, this study examined how increases in foreclosure rates from 2006 to 2010 affected weight change. We anticipated that two of the pathways that explain how the spike in foreclosure rates affects weight gain-increasing stress and declining salutary health behaviors- would be acute in a population with diabetes because of metabolic sensitivity to stressors and health behaviors. Controlling for unemployment, housing prices, temporal trends, and time-invariant confounders with individual fixed effects, we found no evidence of an association between the foreclosure rate in each patient's census block of residence and body mass index. Our results suggest, although more than half of the population was exposed to at least one foreclosure within their census block, the foreclosure crisis did not independently impact weight change.

Neighborhood Reputation and Resident Sentiment in the Wake of the Las Vegas Foreclosure Crisis

PubMed Central

Pais, Jeremy; Batson, Christie D.; Monnat, Shannon M.

2014-01-01

This study examines how two major components of a neighborhood’s reputation—perceived disorder and collective efficacy—shape individuals’ sentiments toward their neighborhoods during the foreclosure crisis triggered by the Great Recession. Of central interest are whether neighborhood reputations are durable in the face of a crisis (neighborhood resiliency hypothesis) or whether neighborhood reputations wane during times of duress (foreclosure crisis hypothesis). Geo-coded individual-level data from the Las Vegas Metropolitan Area Social Survey merged with data on census tract foreclosure rates are used to address this question. The results provide qualified support for both perspectives. In support of the neighborhood resiliency hypothesis, collective efficacy is positively associated with how residents feel about the quality of their neighborhoods, and this relationship is unaltered by foreclosure rates. In support of the foreclosure crisis hypothesis, foreclosure rates mediate the effects of neighborhood disorder on resident sentiment. The implications of these findings for community resiliency are discussed. PMID:25678735

Remotely-Sensed Detection of Foreclosure Effects on Residential Landscapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cutts, B.; Minn, M.; Pavlovic, N. R.; Greenberg, J. A.; Fraterrigo, J.; Turner, V. K.

2014-12-01

This project aims to understand whether the foreclosure crisis of 2007-2010 led to change in yard management with consequences for property and neighborhood land cover. By triangulating across analyses that vary in spatial and temporal resolution, this study examines whether foreclosure has resulted in changes in household and neighborhood vegetation structure. One common hypothesis is that the of financial distress is a reduction in lawn management (mowing, irrigating, and fertilizing ) due to economic constraint, vacancy or abandonment. However, changes in these practices differ across space as they are mediated by individual idiosyncrasies as well as complex social norms encoded in formal and informal institutions. The aim of our broader research project is to gain understanding of how foreclosure changes yard management within the context of these institutions. This poster presents preliminary results of analyses that aim to understand the relationship between foreclosure and land cover change in Maricopa County (Phoenix), Arizona. We synthesize foreclosure data with other social data sources focused on demographics, property characteristics, and vacancy to quantify both general and spatially dependent signatures of foreclosure in remotely-sensed NDVI data from MODIS and LANDSAT. Through results from multiple sources of data, we aim to isolate and describe signals that can be correlated with housing distress and foreclosure-induced vacancy. Arizona is analytically advantageous as area with an arid climate where the vegetation changes resulting from cessation of lawn maintenance are often dramatic and clearly observable. Our preliminary analysis indicates that there are specific NDVI signatures reflecting differing landscape-maintenance responses to foreclosure, supporting our central thesis that foreclosure influences land cover. These results provide a foundation upon which we will engage in both detailed investigation of the environmental effects of this phenomenon, as well as the social drivers that have result in the dramatic differences in behavior across space. The broader value of this project is to understand the short and long-term influences of foreclosure over human-environment relationships in urban and suburban developments.

Housing strain, mortgage foreclosure, and health.

PubMed

Cannuscio, Carolyn C; Alley, Dawn E; Pagán, José A; Soldo, Beth; Krasny, Sarah; Shardell, Michelle; Asch, David A; Lipman, Terri H

2012-01-01

Foreclosure rates have risen rapidly since 2005, reaching historically high levels. The purpose of this study was to examine the health implications of the current housing crisis. We conducted a cross-sectional online consumer panel survey including residents of California, Arizona, Nevada, and Florida (n = 798) to determine the feasibility of contacting distressed homeowners via the Internet and to assess mental and physical health among respondents across the spectrum from those having no housing strain to those in loan default or home foreclosure. Homeowners in default or foreclosure exhibited poorer mental health and more physical symptoms than renters, homeowners with moderate strain, and homeowners with no strainöfollowing a gradient that was consistent across multiple health indicators. Internet panel sampling was an efficient method of contacting distressed homeowners. Record-high foreclosure rates may have broad implications for nursing and public health. Homeowners in default or foreclosure represent an identifiable high-risk group that may benefit from coordinated, affordable health and social services. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 203.357 - Deed in lieu of foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Claim Procedure § 203.357 Deed in lieu of foreclosure. (a) Mortgagors owning one property. In lieu of instituting or completing a foreclosure, the mortgagee may acquire property from one other than a corporate mortgagor by voluntary...

24 CFR 27.115 - Disposition of sales proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Disposition of sales proceeds. 27... Foreclosure of Single Family Mortgages § 27.115 Disposition of sales proceeds. The foreclosure commissioner... enable the Secretary to audit the foreclosure commissioner's disposition of the sale proceeds. ...

24 CFR 27.115 - Disposition of sales proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Disposition of sales proceeds. 27... Foreclosure of Single Family Mortgages § 27.115 Disposition of sales proceeds. The foreclosure commissioner... enable the Secretary to audit the foreclosure commissioner's disposition of the sale proceeds. ...

24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

24 CFR 27.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.1... Multifamily Mortgage Foreclosure Act of 1981 (the Act) (12 U.S.C. 3701-3717), that clarify, or are in addition... multifamily mortgages. Under a delegation of authority published on February 5, 1982 (47 FR 5468), the...

Kids and Foreclosures: New York City

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Been, Vicki; Ellen, Ingrid Gould; Schwartz, Amy Ellen; Stiefel, Leanna; Weinstein, Meryle

2010-01-01

The mortgage foreclosure crisis has affected millions of households around the country. Researchers and policy makers have begun to pay attention to the external costs that these foreclosures impose on surrounding properties and neighborhoods (Schuetz et al., 2008; Harding et al., 2009). But few have considered the collateral costs for children,…

Racial Segregation and the American Foreclosure Crisis

PubMed Central

Rugh, Jacob S.; Massey, Douglas S.

2013-01-01

Although the rise in subprime lending and the ensuing wave of foreclosures was partly a result of market forces that have been well-identified in the literature, in the United States it was also a highly racialized process. We argue that residential segregation created a unique niche of poor minority clients who were differentially marketed risky subprime loans that were in great demand for use in mortgage-backed securities that could be sold on secondary markets. We test this argument by regressing foreclosure actions in the top 100 U.S. metropolitan areas on measures of black, Hispanic, and Asian segregation while controlling for a variety of housing market conditions, including average creditworthiness, the extent of coverage under the Community Reinvestment Act, the degree of zoning regulation, and the overall rate of subprime lending. We find that black residential dissimilarity and spatial isolation are powerful predictors of foreclosures across U.S. metropolitan areas. In order to isolate subprime lending as the causal mechanism whereby segregation influences foreclosures, we estimate a two-stage least squares model that confirms the causal effect of black segregation on the number and rate of foreclosures across metropolitan areas. In the United States segregation was an important contributing cause of the foreclosure crisis, along with overbuilding, risky lending practices, lax regulation, and the bursting of the housing price bubble. PMID:25308973

24 CFR 27.105 - Service of Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Service of Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale. 27.105 Section 27.105 Housing and Urban Development Office of the Secretary, Department of Housing and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES...

Career Maturity and Foreclosure in Student Athletes, Fine Arts Students, and General College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linnemeyer, Rachel McQuown; Brown, Chris

2010-01-01

Three groups of undergraduate students, fine arts students (n = 121), general college students (n = 104), and student athletes (n = 101), were compared on career maturity attitudes, identity foreclosure, and career foreclosure. Findings indicated that student athletes, but not fine arts students, scored lower on career maturity as compared to…

26 CFR 1.857-3 - Net income from foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-3 Net income from foreclosure... computing real estate investment trust taxable income under section 857(b)(2). (d) Gross income not subject... estate investment trust has gain of $100 from the sale of an item of foreclosure property described in...

Foreclosure and Kids: Does Losing Your Home Mean Losing Your School?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Been, Vicki; Ellen, Ingrid Gould; Schwartz, Amy Ellen; Stiefel, Leanna; Weinstein, Meryle

2011-01-01

The recent foreclosure crisis has plagued nearly every city in the U.S., including New York City. Despite considerable attention to the causes of these mortgage foreclosures and the consequences they have had for communities, we know little about their impacts on individual families and children. Given that more than 2.8 million U.S. property…

Race, Space, and Cumulative Disadvantage: A Case Study of the Subprime Lending Collapse.

PubMed

Rugh, Jacob S; Albright, Len; Massey, Douglas S

2015-05-01

In this article, we describe how residential segregation and individual racial disparities generate racialized patterns of subprime lending and lead to financial loss among black borrowers in segregated cities. We conceptualize race as a cumulative disadvantage because of its direct and indirect effects on socioeconomic status at the individual and neighborhood levels, with consequences that reverberate across a borrower's life and between generations. Using Baltimore, Maryland as a case study setting, we combine data from reports filed under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act with additional loan-level data from mortgage-backed securities. We find that race and neighborhood racial segregation are critical factors explaining black disadvantage across successive stages in the process of lending and foreclosure, controlling for differences in borrower credit scores, income, occupancy status, and loan-to-value ratios. We analyze the cumulative cost of predatory lending to black borrowers in terms of reduced disposable income and lost wealth. We find the cost to be substantial. Black borrowers paid an estimated additional 5 to 11 percent in monthly payments and those that completed foreclosure in the sample lost an excess of $2 million in home equity. These costs were magnified in mostly black neighborhoods and in turn heavily concentrated in communities of color. By elucidating the mechanisms that link black segregation to discrimination we demonstrate how processes of cumulative disadvantage continue to undermine black socioeconomic status in the United States today.

The harder they fall? Sex and race/ethnic specific suicide rates in the U.S. foreclosure crisis.

PubMed

Houle, Jason N; Light, Michael T

2017-05-01

Previous work shows suicide rates increase during economic recessions, but little research has examined the extent to which the foreclosure crisis-a unique aspect of the Great Recession-has contributed to disparities in rising suicide rates by race and sex. We develop and test two competing hypotheses regarding the association between foreclosures and race by sex specific suicide rates. We link foreclosure data (RealtyTrac) and suicide data (CDC) from 174 metropolitan areas from 2005 to 2010 (1044 MSA-year observations) and find that-net of time invariant unobserved between-metro area differences, national time trends, and time-varying confounders-a rise in the foreclosure rate is associated with a marginal increase in suicide, but this main effect masks considerable heterogeneity across groups. The association is particularly strong for white males, and weaker or non-existent for other race by sex groups. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 32496 - Housing Counseling Outcomes Study

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

... prevent a mortgage delinquency (foreclosure mitigation clients). Fourteen- hundred and thirty counseling... to resolve or prevent a mortgage delinquency (foreclosure mitigation clients). Fourteen- hundred and...

Race, Space, and Cumulative Disadvantage: A Case Study of the Subprime Lending Collapse

PubMed Central

Rugh, Jacob S.; Albright, Len; Massey, Douglas S.

2016-01-01

In this article, we describe how residential segregation and individual racial disparities generate racialized patterns of subprime lending and lead to financial loss among black borrowers in segregated cities. We conceptualize race as a cumulative disadvantage because of its direct and indirect effects on socioeconomic status at the individual and neighborhood levels, with consequences that reverberate across a borrower's life and between generations. Using Baltimore, Maryland as a case study setting, we combine data from reports filed under the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act with additional loan-level data from mortgage-backed securities. We find that race and neighborhood racial segregation are critical factors explaining black disadvantage across successive stages in the process of lending and foreclosure, controlling for differences in borrower credit scores, income, occupancy status, and loan-to-value ratios. We analyze the cumulative cost of predatory lending to black borrowers in terms of reduced disposable income and lost wealth. We find the cost to be substantial. Black borrowers paid an estimated additional 5 to 11 percent in monthly payments and those that completed foreclosure in the sample lost an excess of $2 million in home equity. These costs were magnified in mostly black neighborhoods and in turn heavily concentrated in communities of color. By elucidating the mechanisms that link black segregation to discrimination we demonstrate how processes of cumulative disadvantage continue to undermine black socioeconomic status in the United States today. PMID:27478254

7 CFR 3560.456 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... acceleration to circumvent the prepayment process. If it is found that this is the borrower's motivation, the... mortgage after all appeal rights have expired. (d) Foreclosure. (1) The Agency will initiate foreclosure...

24 CFR 27.30 - Conduct of the sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.30 Conduct of the sale. (a) The commissioner shall accept written one-price sealed...

24 CFR 27.30 - Conduct of the sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.30 Conduct of the sale. (a) The commissioner shall accept written one-price sealed...

24 CFR 27.50 - Management and disposition by the Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.50 Management and disposition by the Secretary. When the Secretary...

24 CFR 27.50 - Management and disposition by the Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.50 Management and disposition by the Secretary. When the Secretary...

24 CFR 27.50 - Management and disposition by the Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.50 Management and disposition by the Secretary. When the Secretary...

24 CFR 27.40 - Disposition of sale proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.40 Disposition of sale proceeds. (a) The priority of the Secretary's lien shall be...

24 CFR 27.40 - Disposition of sale proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.40 Disposition of sale proceeds. (a) The priority of the Secretary's lien shall be...

24 CFR 27.30 - Conduct of the sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.30 Conduct of the sale. (a) The commissioner shall accept written one-price sealed...

24 CFR 27.45 - Transfer of title and possession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.45 Transfer of title and possession. (a) If the Secretary is the...

24 CFR 27.45 - Transfer of title and possession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.45 Transfer of title and possession. (a) If the Secretary is the...

24 CFR 27.45 - Transfer of title and possession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.45 Transfer of title and possession. (a) If the Secretary is the...

24 CFR 27.45 - Transfer of title and possession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.45 Transfer of title and possession. (a) If the Secretary is the...

24 CFR 27.40 - Disposition of sale proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.40 Disposition of sale proceeds. (a) The priority of the Secretary's lien shall be...

24 CFR 27.50 - Management and disposition by the Secretary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... and Urban Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.50 Management and disposition by the Secretary. When the Secretary...

24 CFR 27.40 - Disposition of sale proceeds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.40 Disposition of sale proceeds. (a) The priority of the Secretary's lien shall be...

24 CFR 27.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...: General Counsel means the General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development; Multifamily... Housing Act. The definition of multifamily mortgage also includes a mortgage taken by the Secretary in...

24 CFR 27.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...: General Counsel means the General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development; Multifamily... Housing Act. The definition of multifamily mortgage also includes a mortgage taken by the Secretary in...

24 CFR 27.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...: General Counsel means the General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development; Multifamily... Housing Act. The definition of multifamily mortgage also includes a mortgage taken by the Secretary in...

24 CFR 27.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily...: General Counsel means the General Counsel of the Department of Housing and Urban Development; Multifamily... Housing Act. The definition of multifamily mortgage also includes a mortgage taken by the Secretary in...

26 CFR 1.6050J-1T - Questions and answers concerning information returns relating to foreclosures and abandonments of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... apply in the case of pools, fixed investment trusts, or other similar arrangements through which... clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, the proceeds of the foreclosure, execution, or similar...

26 CFR 1.6050J-1T - Questions and answers concerning information returns relating to foreclosures and abandonments of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... apply in the case of pools, fixed investment trusts, or other similar arrangements through which... clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, the proceeds of the foreclosure, execution, or similar...

26 CFR 1.6050J-1T - Questions and answers concerning information returns relating to foreclosures and abandonments of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... apply in the case of pools, fixed investment trusts, or other similar arrangements through which... clear and convincing evidence to the contrary, the proceeds of the foreclosure, execution, or similar...

24 CFR 27.2 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.2 Scope and applicability. (a) Under the Act and this subpart, the Secretary may foreclose on any defaulted Secretary-held multifamily mortgage encumbering real estate in any State. The...

24 CFR 27.2 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.2 Scope and applicability. (a) Under the Act and this subpart, the Secretary may foreclose on any defaulted Secretary-held multifamily mortgage encumbering real estate in any State. The...

24 CFR 27.2 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.2 Scope and applicability. (a) Under the Act and this subpart, the Secretary may foreclose on any defaulted Secretary-held multifamily mortgage encumbering real estate in any State. The...

24 CFR 27.2 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Development NONJUDICIAL FORECLOSURE OF MULTIFAMILY AND SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGES Nonjudicial Foreclosure of Multifamily Mortgages § 27.2 Scope and applicability. (a) Under the Act and this subpart, the Secretary may foreclose on any defaulted Secretary-held multifamily mortgage encumbering real estate in any State. The...

78 FR 67465 - Loan Guaranty: Maximum Allowable Attorney Fees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-12

... foreclosure attorney fee. This fee recognizes the additional work required to resume the foreclosure action, while also accounting for the expectation that some work from the previous action may be utilized in... for legal fees in connection with the termination of single-family housing loans, including...

“There's a Difference—I Own This”: Negotiating Social and Financial Services under Threat of Mortgage Foreclosure.

PubMed

Castro Baker, Amy; Keene, Danya E

2016-10-01

Although national housing markets have recovered from the Great Recession, communities hardest hit by the foreclosure crisis remain immersed in mortgage trouble. Nineteen percent of homeowners are underwater on their mortgages and communities of color are overrepresented among zip codes still experiencing default in rising numbers. The social services needs of homeowners at risk of foreclosure show few signs of abating. High levels of market risk, asymmetrical power relationships, and the assumption that rational action can protect homeowners mark the climate in which households and social workers operate while attempting to halt foreclosure. The research described in this article draws on in-depth interviews conducted with homeowners at risk of default to examine the strategies they used to alleviate their mortgage strain. These strategies included seeking aid from financial and social services institutions while living under threat of default. As homeowners experienced mortgage strain they engaged in recommended rational market actions such as negotiating with lenders, increasing work hours, practicing strict household budgeting, and seeking aid from social work agencies to offset mortgage costs. The gathered data suggest that some social workers responded with poorly contextualized treatment plans and language characterized by disrespect, shame, and blame; others responded with mental health assistance, referrals to legal aid, and a helping relationship characterized by a sense of mattering that seemed to buffer against the psychosocial stressors associated with foreclosure.

The Onset of Depression During the Great Recession: Foreclosure and Older Adult Mental Health

PubMed Central

Cagney, Kathleen A.; Browning, Christopher R.; Iveniuk, James; English, Ned

2014-01-01

Objectives. We examined neighborhood-level foreclosure rates and their association with onset of depressive symptoms in older adults. Methods. We linked data from the National Social Life, Health, and Aging Project (2005–2006 and 2010–2011 waves), a longitudinal, nationally representative survey, to data on zip code–level foreclosure rates, and predicted the onset of depressive symptoms using logit-linked regression. Results. Multiple stages of the foreclosure process predicted the onset of depressive symptoms, with adjustment for demographic characteristics and changes in household assets, neighborhood poverty, and visible neighborhood disorder. A large increase in the number of notices of default (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.14, 2.67) and properties returning to ownership by the bank (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.06, 2.47) were associated with depressive symptoms. A large increase in properties going to auction was suggestive of such an association (OR = 1.45; 95% CI = 0.96, 2.19). Age, fewer years of education, and functional limitations also were predictive. Conclusions. Increases in neighborhood-level foreclosure represent an important risk factor for depression in older adults. These results accord with previous studies suggesting that the effects of economic crises are typically first experienced through deficits in emotional well-being. PMID:24446830

Rural Community Psychology and the Farm Foreclosure Crisis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hargrove, David S.

1986-01-01

Discusses socio-psychological effect of farm foreclosures and decline of agriculturally-related businesses in the midwest/plains states. Suggests that models for understanding human response to natural disasters are applicable to this crisis. Challenges the myth that rural people and communities bond together under stress and offers suggestions to…

26 CFR 1.856-6 - Foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.856-6 Foreclosure property. (a) In general. Under section 856(e) a real estate investment trust may make an irrevocable election to treat as... qualified real estate investment trust for the taxable year in which the acquisition occurs. If, however...

26 CFR 1.856-6 - Foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.856-6 Foreclosure property. (a) In general. Under section 856(e) a real estate investment trust may make an irrevocable election to treat as... qualified real estate investment trust for the taxable year in which the acquisition occurs. If, however...

26 CFR 1.856-6 - Foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.856-6 Foreclosure property. (a) In general. Under section 856(e) a real estate investment trust may make an irrevocable election to treat as... qualified real estate investment trust for the taxable year in which the acquisition occurs. If, however...

24 CFR 203.370 - Pre-foreclosure sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... sold by the mortgagor, after default and prior to foreclosure, at its current fair market value (less... determined by the Secretary, which default is the result of an adverse and unavoidable financial situation... whose current fair market value, compared to the amount needed to discharge the mortgage, meets the...

38 CFR 36.4283 - Foreclosure or repossession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Foreclosure or repossession. 36.4283 Section 36.4283 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... be further exposed to the market. (3) If the holder resells the property and finances the sale under...

38 CFR 36.4283 - Foreclosure or repossession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Foreclosure or repossession. 36.4283 Section 36.4283 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... be further exposed to the market. (3) If the holder resells the property and finances the sale under...

38 CFR 36.4283 - Foreclosure or repossession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Foreclosure or repossession. 36.4283 Section 36.4283 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... be further exposed to the market. (3) If the holder resells the property and finances the sale under...

38 CFR 36.4283 - Foreclosure or repossession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Foreclosure or repossession. 36.4283 Section 36.4283 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... be further exposed to the market. (3) If the holder resells the property and finances the sale under...

24 CFR 27.20 - Conditions of foreclosure sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... probable causes of project failure resulting in its default; (2) A financial analysis of the project... analysis of the project, including the condition of the structure and grounds, the need for rehabilitation... financial feasibility of the project after foreclosure and sale subject to the terms to be required by the...

26 CFR 1.857-3 - Net income from foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-3 Net income from... computing real estate investment trust taxable income under section 857(b)(2). (d) Gross income not subject... estate investment trust has gain of $100 from the sale of an item of foreclosure property described in...

26 CFR 1.857-3 - Net income from foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-3 Net income from... computing real estate investment trust taxable income under section 857(b)(2). (d) Gross income not subject... estate investment trust has gain of $100 from the sale of an item of foreclosure property described in...

26 CFR 1.857-3 - Net income from foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-3 Net income from... computing real estate investment trust taxable income under section 857(b)(2). (d) Gross income not subject... estate investment trust has gain of $100 from the sale of an item of foreclosure property described in...

26 CFR 1.857-3 - Net income from foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-3 Net income from... computing real estate investment trust taxable income under section 857(b)(2). (d) Gross income not subject... estate investment trust has gain of $100 from the sale of an item of foreclosure property described in...

76 FR 12127 - Emergency Homeowners' Loan Program: Announcement of Activation of Program and Availability of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

... are not limited to: Developing and disseminating program marketing materials; Providing an overview of... sale, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or traditional sale of home. B. Intermediary to Perform Funds... modification, short sale, deed-in-lieu of foreclosure, or traditional sale of home. 2. Repayment of Emergency...

12 CFR 617.7415 - How does a qualified lender decide to restructure a loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... cost of foreclosure? (1) The difference between the outstanding balance due, as provided by the loan... qualified lender determines the potential cost to the lender of restructuring the loan as proposed in the application for restructuring is less than or equal to the potential cost of foreclosure, the qualified lender...

12 CFR 617.7415 - How does a qualified lender decide to restructure a loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... cost of foreclosure? (1) The difference between the outstanding balance due, as provided by the loan... qualified lender determines the potential cost to the lender of restructuring the loan as proposed in the application for restructuring is less than or equal to the potential cost of foreclosure, the qualified lender...

12 CFR 617.7415 - How does a qualified lender decide to restructure a loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... cost of foreclosure? (1) The difference between the outstanding balance due, as provided by the loan... qualified lender determines the potential cost to the lender of restructuring the loan as proposed in the application for restructuring is less than or equal to the potential cost of foreclosure, the qualified lender...

24 CFR 27.109 - Conduct of sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Conduct of sale. 27.109 Section 27... Mortgages § 27.109 Conduct of sale. (a) The foreclosure sale shall be conducted in a manner and at a time and place as identified in the Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale and in accordance with the...

24 CFR 27.109 - Conduct of sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Conduct of sale. 27.109 Section 27... Mortgages § 27.109 Conduct of sale. (a) The foreclosure sale shall be conducted in a manner and at a time and place as identified in the Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale and in accordance with the...

76 FR 1666 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Form 15597

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-11

... at a third party foreclosure sale. If the IRS has filed a ``Notice of Federal Tax Lien'' publically notifying a taxpayer's creditors that the taxpayer owes the IRS a tax debt, AND a creditor senior to the IRS...) THEN the IRS tax claim is discharged or removed from the property (if the appropriate foreclosure rules...

Within-School Spillover Effects of Foreclosures and Student Mobility on Student Academic Performance. Working Papers. No. 15-6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradbury, Katharine; Burke, Mary A.; Triest, Robert K.

2014-01-01

Aside from effects on nearby property values, research is sparse on how foreclosures may generate negative externalities. Employing a unique dataset that matches individual student records from Boston Public Schools--including test scores, demographics, home address moves, and school changes--with real estate records indicating whether the student…

The Influence of Homebuyer Education on Default and Foreclosure Risk: A Natural Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Scott R.

2016-01-01

The recent housing crisis has generated debate over the benefits and risks of policies and programs promoting homeownership for low and moderate income households. One important facet of this conversation is whether prepurchase homebuyer education (HBE) is effective in reducing default or foreclosure risk. Studies to date have primarily focused on…

The Lives of Sesame Street: The Impact of Foreclosures on Young Children and Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Danne E.; Shin, Minsun

2009-01-01

While significant attention has been paid to Wall Street investors and families impacted by the current subprime mortgage crisis in the USA, the lives of Sesame Street are minimally discussed. Children and their families are enduring a variety of consequences of foreclosures. The consequences can be hugely disruptive to the approximately 2 million…

75 FR 66385 - Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act: Guidance on Notification Responsibilities Under the Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-28

... of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Pub. L. 111-203, approved July 21...-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act also defined when ``date of notice of foreclosure... possession of the property. (Failure to foreclose and evict in accordance with this reasonable diligence time...

Local macroeconomic trends and hospital admissions for child abuse, 2000-2009.

PubMed

Wood, Joanne N; Medina, Sheyla P; Feudtner, Chris; Luan, Xianqun; Localio, Russell; Fieldston, Evan S; Rubin, David M

2012-08-01

To examine the relationship between local macroeconomic indicators and physical abuse admission rates to pediatric hospitals over time. Retrospective study of children admitted to 38 hospitals in the Pediatric Hospital Information System database. Hospital data were linked to unemployment, mortgage delinquency, and foreclosure data for the associated metropolitan statistical areas. Primary outcomes were admission rates for (1) physical abuse in children <6 years old, (2) non-birth, non-motor vehicle crash-related traumatic brain injury (TBI) in infants <1 year old (which carry high risk for abuse), and (3) all-cause injuries. Poisson fixed-effects regression estimated trends in admission rates and associations between those rates and trends in unemployment, mortgage delinquency, and foreclosure. Between 2000 and 2009, rates of physical abuse and high-risk TBI admissions increased by 0.79% and 3.1% per year, respectively (P ≤ .02), whereas all-cause injury rates declined by 0.80% per year (P < .001). Abuse and high-risk TBI admission rates were associated with the current mortgage delinquency rate and with the change in delinquency and foreclosure rates from the previous year (P ≤ .03). Neither abuse nor high-risk TBI rates were associated with the current unemployment rate. The all-cause injury rate was negatively associated with unemployment, delinquency, and foreclosure rates (P ≤ .007). Multicenter hospital data show an increase in pediatric admissions for physical abuse and high-risk TBI during a time of declining all-cause injury rate. Abuse and high-risk TBI admission rates increased in relationship to local mortgage delinquency and foreclosure trends.

7 CFR 1955.15 - Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by real estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 50 years old at the time of acquisition or meet any of the other criteria contained in § 1955.137(c... 7 Agriculture 14 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by... liens other than current-year real estate taxes. Where such prior liens are involved, an appraisal...

7 CFR 1955.15 - Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by real estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 50 years old at the time of acquisition or meet any of the other criteria contained in § 1955.137(c... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by real... liens other than current-year real estate taxes. Where such prior liens are involved, an appraisal...

7 CFR 1955.15 - Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by real estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 50 years old at the time of acquisition or meet any of the other criteria contained in § 1955.137(c... 7 Agriculture 14 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by... liens other than current-year real estate taxes. Where such prior liens are involved, an appraisal...

7 CFR 1955.15 - Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by real estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 50 years old at the time of acquisition or meet any of the other criteria contained in § 1955.137(c... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by... liens other than current-year real estate taxes. Where such prior liens are involved, an appraisal...

7 CFR 1955.15 - Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by real estate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 50 years old at the time of acquisition or meet any of the other criteria contained in § 1955.137(c... 7 Agriculture 14 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Foreclosure by the Government of loans secured by... liens other than current-year real estate taxes. Where such prior liens are involved, an appraisal...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE... real estate investment trust. (a) In general. Under section 856(e), a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) may elect to treat as foreclosure property certain real property (including interests in real...

26 CFR 5.856-1 - Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Extensions of the grace period for foreclosure property by a real estate investment trust. 5.856-1 Section 5.856-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) TEMPORARY INCOME TAX REGULATIONS UNDER THE REVENUE ACT OF 1978 § 5.856-1...

Recession and Divorce in the United States, 2008-2011

PubMed Central

Cohen, Philip N.

2015-01-01

Recession may increase divorce through a stress mechanism, or reduce divorce by exacerbating cost barriers or strengthening family bonds. After establishing an individual-level model predicting U.S. women's divorce, the paper tests period effects, and whether unemployment and foreclosures are associated with the odds of divorce using the 2008-2011 American Community Survey. Results show a downward spike in the divorce rate after 2008, almost recovering to the expected level by 2011, which suggests a negative recession effect. On the other hand, state foreclosure rates are positively associated with the odds of divorce with individual controls, although this effect is not significant when state fixed effects are introduced. State unemployment rates show no effect on odds of divorce. Future research will have to determine why national divorce odds fell during the recession while state-level economic indicators were not strongly associated with divorce. Exploratory analysis which shows unemployment decreasing divorce odds for those with college degrees, while foreclosures have the opposite effect, provides one possible avenue for such research. PMID:26023246

Economic Recession, Alcohol, and Suicide Rates: Comparative Effects of Poverty, Foreclosure, and Job Loss.

PubMed

Kerr, William C; Kaplan, Mark S; Huguet, Nathalie; Caetano, Raul; Giesbrecht, Norman; McFarland, Bentson H

2017-04-01

Suicide rates and the proportion of alcohol-involved suicides rose during the 2008-2009 recession. Associations between county-level poverty, foreclosures, and unemployment and suicide rates and proportion of alcohol-involved suicides were investigated. In 2015, National Violent Death Reporting System data from 16 states in 2005-2011 were utilized to calculate suicide rates and a measure of alcohol involvement in suicides at the county level. Panel models with year and state fixed effects included county-level measures of unemployment, foreclosure, and poverty rates. Poverty rates were strongly associated with suicide rates for both genders and all age groups, were positively associated with alcohol involvement in suicides for men aged 45-64 years, and negatively associated for men aged 20-44 years. Foreclosure rates were negatively associated with suicide rates for women and those aged ≥65 years but positively related for those aged 45-64 years. Unemployment rate effects on suicide rates were mediated by poverty rates in all groups. Population risk of suicide was most clearly associated with county-level poverty rates, indicating that programs addressing area poverty should be targeted for reducing suicide risk. Poverty rates were also associated with increased alcohol involvement for men aged 45-64 years, indicating a role for alcohol in suicide for this working-aged group. However, negative associations between economic indicators and alcohol involvement were found for four groups, suggesting that non-economic factors or more general economic effects not captured by these indicators may have played a larger role in alcohol-related suicide increases. Copyright © 2016 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Homelessness prevention in New York City: On average, it works

PubMed Central

Goodman, Sarena; Messeri, Peter; O'Flaherty, Brendan

2016-01-01

This study evaluates the community impact of the first four years of Homebase, a homelessness prevention program in New York City. Family shelter entries decreased on average in the neighborhoods in which Homebase was operating. Homebase effects appear to be heterogeneous, and so different kinds of averages imply different-sized effects. The (geometric) average decrease in shelter entries was about 5% when census tracts are weighted equally, and 11% when community districts (which are much larger) are weighted equally. This study also examines the effect of foreclosures. Foreclosures are associated with more shelter entries in neighborhoods that usually do not send large numbers of families to the shelter system. PMID:26941543

The Impact of Changing Economic Conditions on Overweight Risk Among Children in California from 2008–2012

PubMed Central

Oddo, Vanessa M.; Nicholas, Lauren Hersch; Bleich, Sara N.; Jones-Smith, Jessica C.

2018-01-01

Background The recent economic recession represents an opportunity to test whether decreases in economic resources may have deleterious consequences on childhood overweight/obesity risk. Methods We investigated the association between indicators of changing macroeconomic conditions from 2008–2012 and overweight/obesity risk among school-aged children in California (n=1,741,712) using longitudinal anthropometric measurements. Multivariate regression, with individual and county fixed-effects, was used to examine the effects of annual county-level unemployment and foreclosure rates on risk of child overweight/obesity, overall and among sub-groups (race/ethnicity, sex, county-level median household income, county-level urban/rural status). Results From 2008 to 2012, approximately 38% of children were overweight/obese and unemployment and foreclosure rates averaged 11% and 6.9%, respectively. A 1-percentage point (pp) increase in unemployment was associated with a 1.4 pp (95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 1.3, 1.5) increase in overweight/obesity risk. Therefore, a child of average weight could expect a 14% increase in BMI z-score in association with a 1 pp increase in unemployment during the study period. We found some differences in the magnitude of the effects for unemployment among demographic subgroups, with the largest effects observed for unemployment among American Indians and Pacific Islanders. Conclusion Comparing children to themselves over time, we provide evidence that increases in county-level unemployment are associated with increased overweight/obesity risk. Given that overweight among children with lower economic resources remains a challenge for public health, these findings highlight the importance of policy-level approaches which aim to mitigate the impact of decreased resources as economic conditions change. PMID:27251405

77 FR 68155 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

...-Quality Control Compliance/3rd Party CPA XII. National Foreclosure Mitigation Counseling (NFMC) Compliance Update XIII. OHTS Watch List and Overview of Organizational Assessment Review Process XIV. Adjournment...

50 CFR 253.23 - Default and liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... limited to, where appropriate, retaking or arrest of collateral, foreclosure, restructuring, debarment, referral for debt collection, or liquidation as it deems best able to protect the U.S. Government's...

50 CFR 253.23 - Default and liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... limited to, where appropriate, retaking or arrest of collateral, foreclosure, restructuring, debarment, referral for debt collection, or liquidation as it deems best able to protect the U.S. Government's...

50 CFR 253.23 - Default and liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... limited to, where appropriate, retaking or arrest of collateral, foreclosure, restructuring, debarment, referral for debt collection, or liquidation as it deems best able to protect the U.S. Government's...

50 CFR 253.23 - Default and liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... limited to, where appropriate, retaking or arrest of collateral, foreclosure, restructuring, debarment, referral for debt collection, or liquidation as it deems best able to protect the U.S. Government's...

Correlation of human papillomavirus status with apparent diffusion coefficient of diffusion-weighted MRI in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

PubMed

Driessen, Juliette P; van Bemmel, Alexander J M; van Kempen, Pauline M W; Janssen, Luuk M; Terhaard, Chris H J; Pameijer, Frank A; Willems, Stefan M; Stegeman, Inge; Grolman, Wilko; Philippens, Marielle E P

2016-04-01

Identification of prognostic patient characteristics in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is of great importance. Human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive HNSCCs have favorable response to (chemo)radiotherapy. Apparent diffusion coefficient, derived from diffusion-weighted MRI, has also shown to predict treatment response. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between HPV status and apparent diffusion coefficient. Seventy-three patients with histologically proven HNSCC were retrospectively analyzed. Mean pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient was calculated by delineation of total tumor volume on diffusion-weighted MRI. HPV status was analyzed and correlated to apparent diffusion coefficient. Six HNSCCs were HPV-positive. HPV-positive HNSCC showed significantly lower apparent diffusion coefficient compared to HPV-negative. This correlation was independent of other patient characteristics. In HNSCC, positive HPV status correlates with low mean apparent diffusion coefficient. The favorable prognostic value of low pretreatment apparent diffusion coefficient might be partially attributed to patients with a positive HPV status. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E613-E618, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

12 CFR 3.41 - Operational requirements for securitization exposures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... loans 30, 60, and 90 days past due; default rates; prepayment rates; loans in foreclosure; property types; occupancy; average credit score or other measures of creditworthiness; average LTV ratio; and...

12 CFR 324.41 - Operational requirements for securitization exposures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... loans 30, 60, and 90 days past due; default rates; prepayment rates; loans in foreclosure; property types; occupancy; average credit score or other measures of creditworthiness; average LTV ratio; and...

7 CFR 1421.112 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... effected without removing the commodity from storage. The commodity may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the commodity at either a public or private sale...

7 CFR 1421.112 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... effected without removing the commodity from storage. The commodity may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the commodity at either a public or private sale...

24 CFR 884.114 - Financing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... pledge of the Agreement, Contract, or ACC, or payments thereunder, shall be limited to the amounts payable under the Contract or ACC in accordance with its terms. (3) In the event of foreclosure and in the...

24 CFR 884.114 - Financing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... pledge of the Agreement, Contract, or ACC, or payments thereunder, shall be limited to the amounts payable under the Contract or ACC in accordance with its terms. (3) In the event of foreclosure and in the...

12 CFR 1750.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Experienced the highest loss rate for any period of such duration in comparison with the loans originated in... foreclosure. (h) Interest rate risk means the risk of financial loss due to the sensitivity of earnings and...

12 CFR 1750.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Experienced the highest loss rate for any period of such duration in comparison with the loans originated in... foreclosure. (h) Interest rate risk means the risk of financial loss due to the sensitivity of earnings and...

12 CFR 1750.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Experienced the highest loss rate for any period of such duration in comparison with the loans originated in... foreclosure. (h) Interest rate risk means the risk of financial loss due to the sensitivity of earnings and...

24 CFR 27.123 - Deficiency judgment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... at the foreclosure sale is less than the unpaid balance of the debt secured by such property after... Secretary may refer the matter to the Attorney General who may commence an action or actions against any and...

ACHP | Task Force on Rightsizing and Historic Preservation

Science.gov Websites

commitment from the National Park Service and the hard work of local residents. For example, the neighborhood neighborhood which was hit hard by the foreclosure crisis. While maintaining historic integrity, revitalization

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... seller has the right to sell the home purchased by the taxpayer (i.e., has that specific home in his... purchaser must request and try to obtain from the foreclosure seller a certificate specifying such facts...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... seller has the right to sell the home purchased by the taxpayer (i.e., has that specific home in his... purchaser must request and try to obtain from the foreclosure seller a certificate specifying such facts...

26 CFR 1.44-3 - Certificate by seller.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... seller has the right to sell the home purchased by the taxpayer (i.e., has that specific home in his... purchaser must request and try to obtain from the foreclosure seller a certificate specifying such facts...

The Potential Impact of an Anthrax Attack on Real Estate Prices and Foreclosures in Seattle.

PubMed

Dormady, Noah; Szelazek, Thomas; Rose, Adam

2014-01-01

This article provides a methodology for the economic analysis of the potential consequences of a simulated anthrax terrorism attack on real estate within the Seattle metropolitan area. We estimate spatially disaggregated impacts on median sales price of residential housing within the Seattle metro area following an attack on the central business district (CBD). Using a combination of longitudinal panel regression and GIS analysis, we find that the median sales price in the CBD could decline by as much as $280,000, and by nearly $100,000 in nearby communities. These results indicate that total residential property values could decrease by over $50 billion for Seattle, or a 33% overall decline. We combine these estimates with HUD's 2009 American Housing Survey (AHS) to further predict 70,000 foreclosures in Seattle spatial zones following the terrorism event. © 2013 Society for Risk Analysis.

38 CFR 36.4309 - Transfer of title by borrower or maturity by demand or acceleration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... holder if termination proceedings have begun (e.g., advertising costs, foreclosure costs, attorney or trustee fees, recording fees, etc.). (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3703(c)) (The Office of Management and Budget...

78 FR 57927 - Credit Risk Retention

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-20

..., Division of Research & Statistics, (202) 452-2342; or Nikita Pastor, Counsel, (202) 452-3667, Division of... include provisions that strengthen the regulation and supervision of national recognized statistical... delinquencies and foreclosures since 2007. These included features permitting negative amortization, interest...

78 FR 6621 - Ability To Repay Standards Under the Truth in Lending Act (Regulation Z)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

... increase the cost of credit for those who do, thereby impacting the availability of credit for these at... mortgage delinquencies and foreclosure rates increased dramatically, caused in part by the gradual...

40 CFR 745.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... persons. EPA means the Environmental Protection Agency. Evaluation means a risk assessment and/or inspection. Foreclosure means any of the various methods, statutory or otherwise, known in different... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED...

Department of Housing and Urban Development, Office of Lead Hazard Control and Healthy Homes

MedlinePlus

... and Healthy Homes Office of Administration Office of Economic Development Office of Hearings and Appeals Office of ... Utilization Topic Areas Avoiding Foreclosure Buying a Home Economic Development Energy Environment Fair Lending Freedom of Information ...

12 CFR 614.4512 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM LOAN POLICIES AND OPERATIONS Loan Servicing Requirements; State Agricultural Loan Mediation Programs; Right of First Refusal § 614.4512 Definitions. For... financial assistance under section 6.4 of the Act. (c) Cost of foreclosure means: (1) The difference between...

76 FR 43826 - Mortgage Acts and Practices-Advertising

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-22

... involving loan modification and foreclosure rescue services.'' \\7\\ The Omnibus Appropriations Act, as... respect to mortgage assistance relief services. See Mortgage Assistance Relief Services (MARS), Final Rule....e., likely to affect consumers' decisions to purchase or use the product or service at issue.\\9...

Managing the downturn

Treesearch

Urs Buehlmann; Matt Bumgardner; Al Schuler; Jeff Crissey

2008-01-01

After years of seemingly unrestricted growth, the housing market has turned and is deteriorating fast. Housing construction and sales have slowed dramatically, foreclosures have skyrocketed and mortgage rates have increased modestly despite the Federal Reserve's easing of monetary policy. Given the increasingly high dependency of the wood products industry on...

24 CFR 4001.01 - Purpose of program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE for Homeowners Program-General Requirements § 4001.01 Purpose of program. The HOPE for Homeowners Program is a temporary... avoid foreclosure. The HOPE for Homeowners Program is administered by HUD through FHA. ...

24 CFR 200.230 - Standards for disapproval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the Review Committee finds mitigating or extenuating circumstances that enable it to make a risk...: (1) Mortgage defaults, assignments or foreclosures, unless the Review Committee determines that the... other obligation to HUD that has not been corrected to the satisfaction of the Review Committee at the...

7 CFR 1435.105 - Loan settlement and foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program...) Forfeiture of sugar loan collateral will be accepted as payment in full of the principal and interest due... specifications reported on the sugar loan certification report and actual loadout characteristics. (c)(1...

7 CFR 1435.105 - Loan settlement and foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program...) Forfeiture of sugar loan collateral will be accepted as payment in full of the principal and interest due... specifications reported on the sugar loan certification report and actual loadout characteristics. (c)(1...

22 CFR 213.17 - Liquidation of collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Liquidation of collateral. Where the CFO holds a security instrument with a power of sale or has physical possession of collateral, he may liquidate the security or collateral and apply the proceeds to the overdue... circumstances require judicial foreclosure. However, collection from other businesses, including liquidation of...

24 CFR 203.410 - Issue date of debentures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Issue date of debentures. 203.410 Section 203.410 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development... Issue date of debentures. (a) Conveyed properties, claims without conveyance, pre-foreclosure sales...

44 CFR 9.8 - Public notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY GENERAL FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF WETLANDS § 9.8 Public notice requirements....12); and (2) Rely on its environmental assessment processes, to the extent possible, as vehicles for... the foreclosure of options consistent with the Orders. (1) For an action for which an environmental...

44 CFR 9.8 - Public notice requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY GENERAL FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT AND PROTECTION OF WETLANDS § 9.8 Public notice requirements....12); and (2) Rely on its environmental assessment processes, to the extent possible, as vehicles for... the foreclosure of options consistent with the Orders. (1) For an action for which an environmental...

7 CFR 1467.4 - Program requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ownership change occurred due to foreclosure on the land and the owner of the land immediately before the..., or adjacent land uses, such as airports, that would either impede complete restoration or prevent... to restore, protect, or enhance wetlands on eligible private and Tribal lands. The 30-year contract...

24 CFR 35.82 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target...) Renewals of existing leases in target housing in which the lessor has previously disclosed all information...

24 CFR 35.82 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target...) Renewals of existing leases in target housing in which the lessor has previously disclosed all information...

24 CFR 35.82 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target...) Renewals of existing leases in target housing in which the lessor has previously disclosed all information...

24 CFR 35.82 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target...) Renewals of existing leases in target housing in which the lessor has previously disclosed all information...

24 CFR 35.82 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target...) Renewals of existing leases in target housing in which the lessor has previously disclosed all information...

7 CFR 1435.105 - Loan settlement and foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program...) Forfeiture of sugar loan collateral will be accepted as payment in full of the principal and interest due... specifications reported on the sugar loan certification report and actual loadout characteristics. (c)(1...

7 CFR 1435.105 - Loan settlement and foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program...) Forfeiture of sugar loan collateral will be accepted as payment in full of the principal and interest due... specifications reported on the sugar loan certification report and actual loadout characteristics. (c)(1...

7 CFR 1435.105 - Loan settlement and foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Sugar Loan Program...) Forfeiture of sugar loan collateral will be accepted as payment in full of the principal and interest due... specifications reported on the sugar loan certification report and actual loadout characteristics. (c)(1...

38 CFR 36.4322 - Loan termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... allowable time and method for foreclosure, the Secretary shall review allowances for time and method in... well as State statutory requirements. The Secretary will review such timeframes annually and, as the... scheduled or anticipated date of the liquidation sale, the holder must request that VA assign an appraiser...

77 FR 58991 - State-Level Guarantee Fee Pricing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-25

.../relatedservicinginfo/pdf/foreclosuretimeframes.pdf and http://www.freddiemac.com/learn/pdfs/service/exhibit83.pdf . The... Relative to the National Average Estimated Cost per day Foreclosure average Total time to relative to Rank.../guides/ssg/relatedservicinginfo/pdf/foreclosuretimeframes.pdf and http://www.freddiemac.com/learn/pdfs...

75 FR 10707 - MORTGAGE ASSISTANCE RELIEF SERVICES

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

...), available at ( http://www.mbaa.org/NewsandMedia/PressCenter/71112.htm ). In December 2008, Credit Suisse.../release.php?id=1821 ). \\50\\ See State Bar of California, Ethics Alert: Legal Services to Distressed Homeowners and Foreclosure Consultants on Loan Modifications 2, Ethics Hotliner (Feb. 2, 2009), available at...

77 FR 3377 - Direct Single Family Housing Loans and Grants

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-24

... will recapture the full subsidy from the value of the property. DATES: Effective: February 23, 2012.../deed in lieu of foreclosure cases, to reference the calculation for value appreciation under the... length sales contracts to establish market value for determining value appreciation. Agency appraisal...

Identity, Postmodernity, and an Ethics of Activism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaput, Catherine

2000-01-01

Argues that Marxism is as much an ethical position that resists the foreclosure of identity as it is a political position. Claims a Marxist standpoint could facilitate the political and ethical accountability that the current politicized composition pedagogies seek while also constructing the classroom as a site for active participation in the…

24 CFR 207.258 - Insurance claim requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... by mortgagee. (1) When the mortgagee becomes eligible to receive mortgage insurance benefits pursuant... proceedings. If the laws of the State where the property is located do not permit institution of foreclosure... property and to obtain the income therefrom under the mortgage and the law of the particular jurisdiction...

24 CFR 207.258 - Insurance claim requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... by mortgagee. (1) When the mortgagee becomes eligible to receive mortgage insurance benefits pursuant... proceedings. If the laws of the State where the property is located do not permit institution of foreclosure... property and to obtain the income therefrom under the mortgage and the law of the particular jurisdiction...

24 CFR 207.258 - Insurance claim requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... by mortgagee. (1) When the mortgagee becomes eligible to receive mortgage insurance benefits pursuant... proceedings. If the laws of the State where the property is located do not permit institution of foreclosure... property and to obtain the income therefrom under the mortgage and the law of the particular jurisdiction...

Tending to Student and Family Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Erin

2012-01-01

Without a doubt, the economy is taking its toll on families, many of whom face reduced wages, unemployment, foreclosure, and decreased--or nonexistent--health care benefits. With this in mind, the Greendale Schools' director of pupil services and this author wondered whether they could offer the Employee Assistance Program (EAP), which is designed…

36 CFR 800.9 - Council review of section 106 compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Council's opinion in making a decision on whether to grant assistance to the applicant, and shall notify... decision or regarding the adequacy of the agency official's compliance with the procedures under this part... a decision on the matter in question. (b) Agency foreclosure of the Council's opportunity to comment...

77 FR 56238 - Finance, Budget & Program. Committee Meeting of the Board of Directors; Sunshine Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-12

... NEIGHBORHOOD REINVESTMENT CORPORATION Finance, Budget & Program. Committee Meeting of the Board of..., Assistant Corporate Secretary, (202) 220-2376; [email protected] . AGENDA: I. Call to Order II. Executive Session... Associated Budget VI. FY 12 Corporate Milestone Report and Dashboard VII. National Foreclosure Mitigation...

76 FR 55125 - Finance, Budget & Program Committee Meeting of the Board of Directors; Sunshine Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-06

... NEIGHBORHOOD REINVESTMENT CORPORATION Finance, Budget & Program Committee Meeting of the Board of..., Assistant Corporate Secretary, (202) 220-2376; [email protected] . AGENDA: I. CALL TO ORDER II. Financial Report III. Budget Report IV. Lease Update V. Corporate Scorecard VI. National Foreclosure Mitigation...

75 FR 52429 - Guaranteed Single Family Housing Loans

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-26

... other than foreclosure is recommended to resolve the delinquency. Use of special loan servicing does not... weekly in its Statistical Release H.15. This default maximum allowable interest rate is determined using... weekly in its Statistical Release H.15. * * * * * Mortgage payment to income ratio. This ratio is defined...

75 FR 36016 - Community Reinvestment Act Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-24

... tracts affected by high levels of loan delinquencies and foreclosures. Among the many consequences of... homes in default or delinquency in each State or unit of general local government. Under NSP1, each of... Congressional intent that the funds have maximum impact and be targeted to States and local communities with the...

75 FR 79278 - Community Reinvestment Act Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-20

... tracts, affected by high levels of loan delinquencies and foreclosures. Among the many consequences of... homes in default or delinquency in each State or unit of general local government. Under NSP1, each of... rates, subprime mortgages, and home mortgage defaults and delinquencies and each State will receive not...

40 CFR 745.101 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Scope and applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target housing that have been found to be lead-based paint free by an inspector certified under...

40 CFR 745.101 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Scope and applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target housing that have been found to be lead-based paint free by an inspector certified under...

40 CFR 745.101 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Scope and applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target housing that have been found to be lead-based paint free by an inspector certified under...

40 CFR 745.101 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Scope and applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target housing that have been found to be lead-based paint free by an inspector certified under...

40 CFR 745.101 - Scope and applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Scope and applicability. This subpart applies to all transactions to sell or lease target housing, including subleases, with the exception of the following: (a) Sales of target housing at foreclosure. (b) Leases of target housing that have been found to be lead-based paint free by an inspector certified under...

7 CFR 3550.52 - Loan purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... added to the loan amount in excess of the area loan limit and appraised value of the house. (e) Loan..., insurance premiums, real estate tax advances, or preliminary foreclosure costs; or (ii) If a loan of $5,000..., and loan closing fees; and appraisal, surveying, environmental, tax monitoring, and other technical...

77 FR 42505 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request Notice of Application for Designation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-19

... Information Collection: Comment Request Notice of Application for Designation as a Single Family Foreclosure... collection requirement described below will be submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) for... INFORMATION CONTACT: Sherece Tolbert, Deputy Assistant General Counsel, Single Family Mortgage Division...

75 FR 76725 - Combined Notice of Filings No. 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-09

... Through Foreclosure of the Indirect Common Equity Ownership of a Power Plant and Request for an Order...: Docket Numbers: EC11-25-000. Applicants: MILFORD POWER CO LLC, EquiPower Resources Corp. Description: Joint Application of Milford Power Company, LLC and EquiPower Resources Corp. for Authorization of...

75 FR 11889 - Consumer Advisory Council; Notice of Meeting of the Consumer Advisory Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

...'s responsibilities under various consumer financial services laws and on other matters on which the... Affordable program, neighborhood stabilization initiatives and challenges, and other issues related to foreclosures. Short-term and small-dollar loan products. Members will discuss short-term and small-dollar loan...

38 CFR 36.4283 - Foreclosure or repossession.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... indebtedness with the proceeds of the sale, or (ii) Review the minimum selling price previously established and...) Upon receipt by the Secretary of notice of a judicial or statutory sale, or other public sale under power of sale contained in the loan instruments, to liquidate any security for a guaranteed loan, the...

75 FR 76479 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection for Public Comment: County Data Record Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... Associates Inc. and its subcontractors, Fairview Industries and Smart Data Strategies, is conducting a... activities. First, this database will give HUD an ability to track home sales, foreclosures and tax... programs such as the Neighborhood Stabilization Program (NSP), the HOME Investment Partnership Program, and...

Housing Uncertainty and Childhood Impatience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anil, Bulent; Jordan, Jeffrey L.; Zahirovic-Herbert, Velma

2011-01-01

The study demonstrates a direct link between housing uncertainty and children's time preferences, or patience. We show that students who face housing uncertainties through mortgage foreclosures and eviction learn impatient behavior and are therefore at greater risk of making poor intertemporal choices such as dropping out of school. We find that…

Free water determines diffusion alterations and clinical status in cerebral small vessel disease.

PubMed

Duering, Marco; Finsterwalder, Sofia; Baykara, Ebru; Tuladhar, Anil Man; Gesierich, Benno; Konieczny, Marek J; Malik, Rainer; Franzmeier, Nicolai; Ewers, Michael; Jouvent, Eric; Biessels, Geert Jan; Schmidt, Reinhold; de Leeuw, Frank-Erik; Pasternak, Ofer; Dichgans, Martin

2018-06-01

Diffusion tensor imaging detects early tissue alterations in Alzheimer's disease and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD). However, the origin of diffusion alterations in SVD is largely unknown. To gain further insight, we applied free water (FW) imaging to patients with genetically defined SVD (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy [CADASIL], n = 57), sporadic SVD (n = 444), and healthy controls (n = 28). We modeled freely diffusing water in the extracellular space (FW) and measures reflecting fiber structure (tissue compartment). We tested associations between these measures and clinical status (processing speed and disability). Diffusion alterations in SVD were mostly driven by increased FW and less by tissue compartment alterations. Among imaging markers, FW showed the strongest association with clinical status (R 2 up to 34%, P < .0001). Findings were consistent across patients with CADASIL and sporadic SVD. Diffusion alterations and clinical status in SVD are largely determined by extracellular fluid increase rather than alterations of white matter fiber organization. Copyright © 2018 the Alzheimer's Association. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.856-6 - Foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... property is acquired in the name of a nominee for the exclusive benefit of the trust and the trust is the... property), the trade or business must be conducted through an independent contractor after 90 days after... party and that does not constitute renovation under paragraph (e)(2) of this section. (6) Independent...

24 CFR 27.30 - Conduct of the sale.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conduct of the sale. 27.30 Section... Multifamily Mortgages § 27.30 Conduct of the sale. (a) The commissioner shall accept written one-price sealed... in the Notice of Default and Foreclosure Sale. The commissioner shall announce the name of each such...

75 FR 75091 - Mortgage Assistance Relief Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

... ; Stephanie Armour, Home Foreclosure Rates Posts First Annual Decline in Five Years, USA Today (May 13, 2010... (ANX), Mem. Supp. Pls. Ex Parte App. at 3 (Aug. 3, 2009) (alleging that defendants engaged in... companies. \\67\\ See FTC v. Fed. Loan Modification Law Ctr., LLP, No. SACV09-401 CJC (MLGx), Mem. Supp. Ex...

26 CFR 1.856-1 - Definition of real estate investment trust.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., 1976, does not hold any property (other than foreclosure property) primarily for sale to customers in... “centralization of management” under paragraph (c) of § 301.7701-2 of this chapter (Regulations on Procedure and Administration). Thus, the trustee must have continuing exclusive authority over the management of the trust, the...

78 FR 14325 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB: FHA Insured Mortgage Loan...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-05

... (OMB) for review, as required by the Paperwork Reduction Act. The Department is soliciting public... resultant costs also serve to further stabilize the mortgage insurance premiums charged by FHA and the... Insurance Benefits, HUD-90035 Information/Disclosure, HUD-90041 Request for Variance, Pre-foreclosure sale...

7 CFR 1434.20 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... such manner, and upon such terms as CCC may determine at public or private sale. Any such disposition may also be effected without removing the honey from storage. The honey may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the honey at either a public or private...

7 CFR 1434.20 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... such manner, and upon such terms as CCC may determine at public or private sale. Any such disposition may also be effected without removing the honey from storage. The honey may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the honey at either a public or private...

7 CFR 1427.173 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... terms as CCC may determine, at public or private sale. CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of such cotton and cottonseed. If the proceeds received from the sales of the cotton are less than... incurred by CCC), the producer shall be liable for such difference. If the proceeds received from sale of...

7 CFR 1434.20 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... such manner, and upon such terms as CCC may determine at public or private sale. Any such disposition may also be effected without removing the honey from storage. The honey may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the honey at either a public or private...

7 CFR 1427.173 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... terms as CCC may determine, at public or private sale. CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of such cotton and cottonseed. If the proceeds received from the sales of the cotton are less than... incurred by CCC), the producer shall be liable for such difference. If the proceeds received from sale of...

7 CFR 1434.20 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... such manner, and upon such terms as CCC may determine at public or private sale. Any such disposition may also be effected without removing the honey from storage. The honey may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the honey at either a public or private...

7 CFR 1434.20 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... such manner, and upon such terms as CCC may determine at public or private sale. Any such disposition may also be effected without removing the honey from storage. The honey may be processed before sale and CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of the honey at either a public or private...

7 CFR 1427.173 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... terms as CCC may determine, at public or private sale. CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of such cotton and cottonseed. If the proceeds received from the sales of the cotton are less than... incurred by CCC), the producer shall be liable for such difference. If the proceeds received from sale of...

7 CFR 1427.173 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... terms as CCC may determine, at public or private sale. CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of such cotton and cottonseed. If the proceeds received from the sales of the cotton are less than... incurred by CCC), the producer shall be liable for such difference. If the proceeds received from sale of...

7 CFR 1427.173 - Foreclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... terms as CCC may determine, at public or private sale. CCC may become the purchaser of the whole or any part of such cotton and cottonseed. If the proceeds received from the sales of the cotton are less than... incurred by CCC), the producer shall be liable for such difference. If the proceeds received from sale of...

26 CFR 1.857-5 - Net income and loss from prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-5 Net... property. The 100-percent tax is imposed to preclude a real estate investment trust from retaining any... transaction, the activities of a real estate investment trust with respect to foreclosure property and its...

26 CFR 1.857-5 - Net income and loss from prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-5 Net... property. The 100-percent tax is imposed to preclude a real estate investment trust from retaining any... transaction, the activities of a real estate investment trust with respect to foreclosure property and its...

26 CFR 1.857-5 - Net income and loss from prohibited transactions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-5 Net... property. The 100-percent tax is imposed to preclude a real estate investment trust from retaining any... transaction, the activities of a real estate investment trust with respect to foreclosure property and its...

78 FR 10695 - Mortgage Servicing Rules Under the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act (Regulation X)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-14

... Delinquency and Foreclosure Rates: 1990 to 2010, in The 2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States, (2012..., information regarding delinquencies. These statements must meet the timing, form, and content requirements... faith efforts to establish live contact with borrowers by the 36th day of their delinquency and promptly...

75 FR 9033 - 2010-2011 Enterprise Affordable Housing Goals; Enterprise Book-Entry Procedures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-26

... mortgages financed by the Enterprises on owner-occupied properties in metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs... delinquency and home foreclosure rates as well as sharply lower housing starts and sales. The decline in home... rate since the Census Bureau began collecting that statistic in 1956. The persistently high rate...

75 FR 41217 - Federal Housing Administration Risk Management Initiatives: Reduction of Seller Concessions and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

...); Section 223(e) (declining neighborhoods); and Section 238(c) (military impact areas in Georgia and New... measure the sum of 90\\+\\-day delinquencies, in-foreclosure, and in-bankruptcy cases, as a percent of all... Reservations); Section 223(e) (declining neighborhoods); and Section 238(c) (military impact areas in Georgia...

76 FR 6149 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA): Temporary Exemption From Compliance With FHA's Regulation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-03

... communities where foreclosure activity has been high. While the waiver is available for the purpose of... affect neighborhoods and communities. While HUD continues its efforts to help homeowners remain in their... and communities. As noted in its May 21, 2010, notice, HUD undertook similar waiver action in a...

Whose Community Is This? Mathematics of Neighborhood Displacement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutstein, Eric

2013-01-01

Displacement was part of students' realities--gentrification in North Lawndale (a Chicago community), deportation in Little Village, and foreclosures in both. The author started the unit in his 12th-grade "math for social justice" class by telling the story (with family permission) of Carmen, a student in his class. Her grandmother paid…

The State of Homeless Children in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kabler, Brenda; Weinstein, Elana

2009-01-01

Across America, the numbers of homeless children and families are growing as a result of many factors including the recent economic crisis, home foreclosures, and natural disasters. Because of an increase in the number of homeless children throughout the United States, this population has unmet needs that can be targeted in school settings under…

38 CFR 1.913 - Liquidation of collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... security or collateral through the exercise of a power of sale in the security instrument or a nonjudicial foreclosure, and apply the proceeds to the applicable debt, if the debtor fails to pay the debt within 180 days after demand and if such action is in the best interest of the United States. Collection from...

12 CFR 617.7415 - How does a qualified lender decide to restructure a loan?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... BORROWER RIGHTS Distressed Loan Restructuring; State Agricultural Loan Mediation Programs § 617.7415 How... evaluate an application for restructuring? The qualified lender should consider the following: (1) Whether the cost to the lender of restructuring the loan is equal to or less than the cost of foreclosure...

12 CFR 1808.606 - Program Administrator; Servicer; Master Servicer/Trustee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

.../Trustee and shall include, but not be limited to: (i) Negotiating the restructuring of Bond Loans that are... experience in the following areas: (i) Restructuring, recovery, and foreclosure of loans that are similar to...) The Revenue Fund, and therein a Revenue Account for each Bond: All payments of debt service or...

African American Youth and the Artist's Identity: Cultural Models and Aspirational Foreclosure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charland, William

2010-01-01

The decision to participate in visual arts studies in college and visual arts professions in adult life is the product of multiple factors, including the influences of family, community, peer group, mass culture, and K-12 schooling. Recognizing African American underrepresentation in visual arts studies and professions, this article explores how…

The Artistic Impetus Model: A Resource for Reawakening Artistic Expression in Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amorino, Joseph S.

2009-01-01

The decline of artistic expression in late childhood is an ongoing and well identified problem in the field of art education, yet it has been generally accepted as a natural occurrence and irreversible attribute of normative development. However, this foreclosure of artistic learning has serious implications to the concerns of emotional…

76 FR 9043 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Application for HUD/FHA Insured...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-16

... Information Collection: Comment Request; Application for HUD/FHA Insured Mortgage ``HOPE for Homeowners... information: Title of Proposal: HUD/FHA Insured Mortgage ``HOPE'' for Homeowners. OMB Control Number, if... homes to foreclosure through the HOPE for Homeowners Program, and to those who owe more than the value...

Foreclosed: Two Million Homeless Students and Counting

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKibben, Sarah

2009-01-01

This article reports that according to First Focus, a bipartisan advocacy organization for children and families, a predicted two million children will lose their homes over the next two years because of the foreclosure crisis. From an economy deep in recession, an entirely new population of homeless students has emerged. And with job losses at…

On the Losing End

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nealy, Michelle J.

2008-01-01

How well a particular industry fares during any given time has an impact on countless other industries and consumers. Case in point--rising gas prices are affecting everything from airfares to the price of getting a pizza delivered. This article describes a similar situation that is happening with the wave of home foreclosures as the subprime…

26 CFR 1.856-6 - Foreclosure property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... as, for example, an outdoor swimming pool or a parking garage) may be considered to be an integral... wings, an access road, a parking lot, and an outdoor swimming pool planned for the motel were each less... parking lot, and the swimming pool: Provided, That the motel and the other improvements which the trust...

7 CFR 3550.211 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RHS determines that a borrower is unable or unwilling to meet loan obligations, RHS may accelerate the... recovery value and apply the proceeds to the account. (2) Deed in lieu of foreclosure. RHS may accept a... accelerated and when it is in the Government's best interest. (3) Offer by third party. If a junior lienholder...

7 CFR 3550.211 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... RHS determines that a borrower is unable or unwilling to meet loan obligations, RHS may accelerate the... recovery value and apply the proceeds to the account. (2) Deed in lieu of foreclosure. RHS may accept a... accelerated and when it is in the Government's best interest. (3) Offer by third party. If a junior lienholder...

7 CFR 3550.211 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... RHS determines that a borrower is unable or unwilling to meet loan obligations, RHS may accelerate the... recovery value and apply the proceeds to the account. (2) Deed in lieu of foreclosure. RHS may accept a... accelerated and when it is in the Government's best interest. (3) Offer by third party. If a junior lienholder...

7 CFR 3550.211 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... RHS determines that a borrower is unable or unwilling to meet loan obligations, RHS may accelerate the... recovery value and apply the proceeds to the account. (2) Deed in lieu of foreclosure. RHS may accept a... accelerated and when it is in the Government's best interest. (3) Offer by third party. If a junior lienholder...

7 CFR 3550.211 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... RHS determines that a borrower is unable or unwilling to meet loan obligations, RHS may accelerate the... recovery value and apply the proceeds to the account. (2) Deed in lieu of foreclosure. RHS may accept a... accelerated and when it is in the Government's best interest. (3) Offer by third party. If a junior lienholder...

38 CFR 36.4319 - Servicer loss-mitigation options and incentives.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... modifications, compromise sales, and deeds-in-lieu of foreclosure. Only one incentive payment will be made with... review), but VA recognizes that individual circumstances may lead to “out of the ordinary” considerations... $200 $160 $120 $0 Special Forbearance 200 160 120 0 Loan Modification 700 500 300 0 Compromise Sale 1...

Novel Surveillance of Psychological Distress during the Great Recession

PubMed Central

Ayers, John W.; Althouse, Benjamin M.; Allem, Jon-Patrick; Childers, Matthew A.; Zafar, Waleed; Latkin, Carl; Ribisl, Kurt M.; Brownstein, John S.

2015-01-01

Background Economic stressors have been retrospectively associated with net population increases in nonspecific psychological distress (PD). However, no sentinels exist to evaluate contemporaneous associations. Aggregate Internet search query surveillance was used to monitor population changes in PD around the United States’ Great Recession. Methods Monthly PD query trends were compared with unemployment, underemployment, homes in delinquency and foreclosure, median home value or sale prices, and S&P 500 trends for 2004–2010. Time series analyses, where economic indicators predicted PD one to seven months into the future, were performed in 2011. Results PD queries surpassed 1,000,000 per month, of which 300,000 may be attributable to the Great Recession. A one percentage point increase in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures was associated with a 16% (95%CI, 9–24) increase in PD queries one-month, and 11% (95%CI, 3–18) four months later, in reference to a pre-Great Recession mean. Unemployment and underemployment had similar associations half and one-quarter the intensity. “Anxiety disorder,” “what is depression,” “signs of depression,” “depression symptoms,” and “symptoms of depression” were the queries exhibiting the strongest associations with mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, unemployment or underemployment. Housing prices and S&P 500 trends were not associated with PD queries. Limitations A non-traditional measure of PD was used. It is unclear if actual clinically significant depression or anxiety increased during the Great Recession. Alternative explanations for strong associations between the Great Recession and PD queries, such as media, were explored and rejected. Conclusions Because the economy is constantly changing, this work not only provides a snapshot of recent associations between the economy and PD queries but also a framework and toolkit for real-time surveillance going forward. Health resources, clinician screening patterns, and policy debate may potentially be informed by changes in PD query trends. PMID:22835843

Novel surveillance of psychological distress during the great recession.

PubMed

Ayers, John W; Althouse, Benjamin M; Allem, Jon-Patrick; Childers, Matthew A; Zafar, Waleed; Latkin, Carl; Ribisl, Kurt M; Brownstein, John S

2012-12-15

Economic stressors have been retrospectively associated with net population increases in nonspecific psychological distress (PD). However, no sentinels exist to evaluate contemporaneous associations. Aggregate Internet search query surveillance was used to monitor population changes in PD around the United States' Great Recession. Monthly PD query trends were compared with unemployment, underemployment, homes in delinquency and foreclosure, median home value or sale prices, and S&P 500 trends for 2004-2010. Time series analyses, where economic indicators predicted PD one to seven months into the future, were performed in 2011. PD queries surpassed 1,000,000 per month, of which 300,000 may be attributable to the Great Recession. A one percentage point increase in mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures was associated with a 16% (95%CI, 9-24) increase in PD queries one-month, and 11% (95%CI, 3-18) four months later, in reference to a pre-Great Recession mean. Unemployment and underemployment had similar associations half and one-quarter the intensity. "Anxiety disorder", "what is depression", "signs of depression", "depression symptoms", and "symptoms of depression" were the queries exhibiting the strongest associations with mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, unemployment or underemployment. Housing prices and S&P 500 trends were not associated with PD queries. A non-traditional measure of PD was used. It is unclear if actual clinically significant depression or anxiety increased during the Great Recession. Alternative explanations for strong associations between the Great Recession and PD queries, such as media, were explored and rejected. Because the economy is constantly changing, this work not only provides a snapshot of recent associations between the economy and PD queries but also a framework and toolkit for real-time surveillance going forward. Health resources, clinician screening patterns, and policy debate may be informed by changes in PD query trends. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Conflations, Possibilities, and Foreclosures: Global Citizenship Education in a Multicultural Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pashby, Karen

2015-01-01

This paper presents a critical framework applied to findings from a critical discourse analysis of curriculum and lesson plans in Alberta to examine the assumption that Canada is an ideal place for global citizenship education. The analysis draws on a framework that presents a critique of modernity to recognize a conflation within calls for new…

The Crash of 2008: Causes and Lessons to Be Learned

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gwartney, James D.; Connors, Joseph

2009-01-01

The headlines of 2008 were dominated by falling housing prices, rising default and foreclosure rates, failure of large investment banks, and huge bailouts arranged by both the Federal Reserve and the U.S. Treasury. The wealth of many Americans has been substantially reduced and concern about a lengthy and severe recession is now widespread. All of…

The Impact of Federal Preemption of State Antipredatory Lending Laws on the Foreclosure Crisis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ding, Lei; Quercia, Roberto G.; Reid, Carolina K.; White, Alan M.

2012-01-01

State antipredatory lending laws (APLs) are designed to protect borrowers against predatory lending that can increase the risk of default and deplete the home equity held by borrowers. Federal regulators instituted preemption that limited the scope and reach of state antipredatory lending regulations for certain lenders. Based on the variation in…

Moving the Pivot: Asians and American History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okihiro, Gary Y.

A new parochialism is present in the United States. The view represents a foreclosure that anchors itself to Europe against a tide of non-European peoples. U.S. Eurocentrists proclaim union on the basis of race to counter the perceived threat of non-whites and to stifle dissenting voices from those who would contest the dominant order. An…

24 CFR 203.402 - Items included in payment-conveyed and non-conveyed properties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and... authorized by HUD, an administrative fee approved by HUD paid to the mortgagee for its role in facilitating a... role in facilitating a successful pre-foreclosure sale, said fee not to be subject to the payment of...

24 CFR 203.402 - Items included in payment-conveyed and non-conveyed properties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and... authorized by HUD, an administrative fee approved by HUD paid to the mortgagee for its role in facilitating a... role in facilitating a successful pre-foreclosure sale, said fee not to be subject to the payment of...

24 CFR 203.402 - Items included in payment-conveyed and non-conveyed properties.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and... authorized by HUD, an administrative fee approved by HUD paid to the mortgagee for its role in facilitating a... role in facilitating a successful pre-foreclosure sale, said fee not to be subject to the payment of...

Grandma, Mommy, and Me: Intergenerational Living

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duffy, Roslyn

2008-01-01

Intergenerational living has become common. Single adults move back into the family home, due to finances or perhaps the need for child care. A 24-hour workforce, from nurses to grocery clerks to military deployment has turned "day"care needs into both "night and day" care crises. Unemployment, lack of health care or home foreclosures, as well as…

The Financial Health and Level of Resilience in Housing Counseling Clientele Post Experience: A Mixed Methods Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tobe, Erica Anne

2014-01-01

The United States (US) economy experienced the Great Recession from December 2007 through June 2009. During this time, significant job loss and housing instability occurred, creating stress and strain on families. As a support, housing counseling agencies were funded to provide foreclosure counseling and prevention services to support families…

12 CFR 160.172 - Re-evaluation of real estate owned.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Re-evaluation of real estate owned. 160.172... INVESTMENT § 160.172 Re-evaluation of real estate owned. A Federal savings association shall appraise each parcel of real estate owned at the earlier of in-substance foreclosure or at the time of the savings...

12 CFR 160.172 - Re-evaluation of real estate owned.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Re-evaluation of real estate owned. 160.172... INVESTMENT § 160.172 Re-evaluation of real estate owned. A Federal savings association shall appraise each parcel of real estate owned at the earlier of in-substance foreclosure or at the time of the savings...

12 CFR 160.172 - Re-evaluation of real estate owned.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Re-evaluation of real estate owned. 160.172... INVESTMENT § 160.172 Re-evaluation of real estate owned. A Federal savings association shall appraise each parcel of real estate owned at the earlier of in-substance foreclosure or at the time of the savings...

77 FR 46433 - Proposed CERCLA Administrative Cost Recovery Settlements for the Buckbee-Mears Co. Superfund Site...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-03

... Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice; request for public comment. SUMMARY: Under Section 122(h) of the... costs of marketing and selling the Properties. Any proceeds from the Bank's foreclosure sale remaining... percentage that the following amounts represent in relation to the combined total of said amounts: (1) For...

40 CFR 280.230 - Operating an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... underground storage tank or underground storage tank system. (a) Operating an UST or UST system prior to...) Operating an UST or UST system after foreclosure. The following provisions apply to a holder who, through..., the purchaser must decide whether to operate or close the UST or UST system in accordance with...

40 CFR 280.230 - Operating an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... underground storage tank or underground storage tank system. (a) Operating an UST or UST system prior to...) Operating an UST or UST system after foreclosure. The following provisions apply to a holder who, through..., the purchaser must decide whether to operate or close the UST or UST system in accordance with...

40 CFR 280.230 - Operating an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... underground storage tank or underground storage tank system. (a) Operating an UST or UST system prior to...) Operating an UST or UST system after foreclosure. The following provisions apply to a holder who, through..., the purchaser must decide whether to operate or close the UST or UST system in accordance with...

40 CFR 280.230 - Operating an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... underground storage tank or underground storage tank system. (a) Operating an UST or UST system prior to...) Operating an UST or UST system after foreclosure. The following provisions apply to a holder who, through..., the purchaser must decide whether to operate or close the UST or UST system in accordance with...

40 CFR 280.230 - Operating an underground storage tank or underground storage tank system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... underground storage tank or underground storage tank system. (a) Operating an UST or UST system prior to...) Operating an UST or UST system after foreclosure. The following provisions apply to a holder who, through..., the purchaser must decide whether to operate or close the UST or UST system in accordance with...

7 CFR 1955.18 - Actions required after acquisition of property.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... agency under Public Law 103-354's bid. (2) For all types of accounts other than SFH. When FmHA or its... Public Law 103-354 acquired the property, the account will be satisfied unless: (i) In a voluntary...) In a foreclosure where the bid is less than the account balance and a deficiency judgment will be...

24 CFR 203.365 - Documents and information to be furnished the Secretary; claims review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... furnished the Secretary; claims review. 203.365 Section 203.365 Housing and Urban Development Regulations... Obligations Claim Procedure § 203.365 Documents and information to be furnished the Secretary; claims review... case of a conveyance claim; or, in the case of a claim arising from a pre-foreclosure sale, within 30...

77 FR 15379 - Protecting Tenants at Foreclosure Act: Additional Guidance on Notification Responsibilities Under...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

... provided by PTFA sunset on December 31, 2014. Section 1484 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and... protections to December 31, 2014. Section 1484 of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection... completion and in acquiring title to and possession of the property. (Failure to foreclose and evict acquire...

78 FR 70958 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Recordkeeping for HUD's Continuum of Care Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... Foreclosures and Enhance became Public Law 111-22; Division B of this law is the HEARTH Act. As amended by the HEARTH Act, Subpart C of the McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act establishes the Continuum of Care... et seq.). The HEARTH Act was designed to improve administrative efficiency and enhance response...

Impact of construction and remodeling markets on the U.S. secondary hardwood products industry

Treesearch

Matt Bumgardner; Urs Buehlmann; Al Schuler; Karen Koenig

2011-01-01

The housing correction that started in 2007 continues to run its course. Excessive inventory levels, limited credit availability, and record foreclosure rates continue to have an impact on U.S. housing markets. With inventories high and demand for new construction low, the U.S. hardwood industry's largest markets for appearance-grade products remain under pressure...

26 CFR 1.6050J-1T - Questions and answers concerning information returns relating to foreclosures and abandonments of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... “Car—1983 Pontiac Firebird.” However, in the case of a single loan secured by more than one piece of personal property, a general description consists of the type or category of the pieces acquired or abandoned. For example, if the security for a single loan is six desks and seven typewriters, a general...

Financial Literacy: Examining the Knowledge Transfer of Personal Finance from High School to College to Adulthood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yates, Dan; Ward, Chris

2011-01-01

Many states are now requiring high school students to be competent in the areas of economic and financial literacy. This is due to the recent escalation of bankruptcies, large credit card debt, and mortgage foreclosures in our society. This study examines how financial knowledge is transferred from the high school level to the college level and…

78 FR 29770 - Notice of Fund Availability (NOFA) for the Neighborhood Stabilization Program 2 (NSP2) Under the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-21

.... This data is now dated and in many cases it no longer reflects the foreclosure market in NSP2 target... needs index score in selecting geographic target areas. DATES: Effective Date: May 21, 2013. FOR FURTHER... NSP2 NOFA requires grantees to carry out NSP2 activities in a HUD-approved target area. HUD developed a...

Can Interest-Free Finance Limit the Frequency of Crises and the Volatility of the Business Cycle?

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-14

free economics. Scholars from the International Monetary Fund ( IMF ) researched theoretical interest-free finance a great deal during the 1980s. In...inevitably comes, their assets devalue and their leverage increases. Moreover, a higher proportion of firms become critically leveraged. The interest...to currency crises. Whereas high interest payments might send an otherwise profitable firm to bankruptcy and foreclosure, equity financing may

Sense of community and informal social control among lower income households: the role of homeownership and collective efficacy in reducing subjective neighborhood crime and disorder.

PubMed

Lindblad, Mark R; Manturuk, Kim R; Quercia, Roberto G

2013-03-01

We examine the link between homeownership, collective efficacy, and subjective neighborhood crime and disorder. Although prior research suggests that homeownership provides social benefits, the housing downturn and foreclosure crisis, coupled with mounting evidence that people self-select into housing, raise questions about the role of homeownership. We adjust for respondents' decision to own or rent using a nationwide sample of lower-income households. We account for demographic and neighborhood characteristics as well as ratings of individual efficacy. We present a structural equation model that identifies how sense of community and informal social control jointly contribute to collective efficacy. The latent collective efficacy construct mediates the impact of homeownership on resident's perceptions of neighborhood disorder. Such perceptions matter because they have been linked to resident's physical and mental health. Our findings demonstrate that when coupled with sustainable mortgages, homeownership exerts a robust yet indirect effect in reducing subjective neighborhood crime and disorder. Our model also links collective efficacy to neighborhood racial homogeneity, a finding which presents challenges for the study of diversity and community. We discuss sense of community research as well as sustainable mortgages and implications of the foreclosure crisis for the future of homeownership opportunities among lower income households and neighborhoods.

Correlation of human papilloma virus status with quantitative perfusion/diffusion/metabolic imaging parameters in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: comparison of primary tumour sites and metastatic lymph nodes.

PubMed

Han, M; Lee, S J; Lee, D; Kim, S Y; Choi, J W

2018-05-17

To investigate the differences in perfusion/diffusion/metabolic imaging parameters according to human papilloma virus (HPV) status in the oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OC-OPSCC), separately in primary tumour sites and metastatic lymph nodes. This retrospective study comprised 41 patients with primary OC-OPSCCs and 29 patients with metastatic lymph nodes. The perfusion/diffusion/metabolic imaging parameters were measured at the primary tumour and the largest ipsilateral metastatic lymph node. The quantitative parameters were compared between the HPV-positive and -negative groups. The HPV-positivity was 39% (16 patients) for the primary tumours and 51.7% (15 patients) for the metastatic lymph nodes. Patients with HPV-positive tumours had a lower T stage (p=0.034). The metastatic lymph nodes for the HPV-positive patients were bulkier (p=0.016) and more frequently had cystic morphology (p=0.005). The perfusion parameters were not different, regardless of HPV status. The diffusion parameter (ADC min , p=0.011) of the metastatic lymph nodes in the HPV-positive groups was lower and metabolic parameter (metabolic tumour volume p=0.035 and total lesion glycolysis p=0.037) were higher than those in HPV-negative groups. The diffusion and metabolic parameters of metastatic lymph nodes from OC-OPSCC were different according to HPV status. The perfusion parameters did not clearly represent HPV status. Copyright © 2018 The Royal College of Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Housing and Schools: Working Together to Reduce the Negative Effects of Student Mobility. "A Summary from the Washington, D.C.,and Baltimore Region Roundtables." Perspectives on Low Income Working Families. Urban Institute Brief 26

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comey, Jennifer; Litschwartz, Sophie; Pettit, Kathryn L. S.

2012-01-01

How has the recession and its resulting family instability impacted children’s residential and school mobility? Officials from housing, homeless, and school programs discussed the full spectrum of residential mobility in two recent Urban Institute roundtables: from chronic mobility, eviction, and foreclosure to doubled-up households and…

Evaluation of breast cancer using intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) histogram analysis: comparison with malignant status, histological subtype, and molecular prognostic factors.

PubMed

Cho, Gene Young; Moy, Linda; Kim, Sungheon G; Baete, Steven H; Moccaldi, Melanie; Babb, James S; Sodickson, Daniel K; Sigmund, Eric E

2016-08-01

To examine heterogeneous breast cancer through intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) histogram analysis. This HIPAA-compliant, IRB-approved retrospective study included 62 patients (age 48.44 ± 11.14 years, 50 malignant lesions and 12 benign) who underwent contrast-enhanced 3 T breast MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and IVIM biomarkers of tissue diffusivity (Dt), perfusion fraction (fp), and pseudo-diffusivity (Dp) were calculated using voxel-based analysis for the whole lesion volume. Histogram analysis was performed to quantify tumour heterogeneity. Comparisons were made using Mann-Whitney tests between benign/malignant status, histological subtype, and molecular prognostic factor status while Spearman's rank correlation was used to characterize the association between imaging biomarkers and prognostic factor expression. The average values of the ADC and IVIM biomarkers, Dt and fp, showed significant differences between benign and malignant lesions. Additional significant differences were found in the histogram parameters among tumour subtypes and molecular prognostic factor status. IVIM histogram metrics, particularly fp and Dp, showed significant correlation with hormonal factor expression. Advanced diffusion imaging biomarkers show relationships with molecular prognostic factors and breast cancer malignancy. This analysis reveals novel diagnostic metrics that may explain some of the observed variability in treatment response among breast cancer patients. • Novel IVIM biomarkers characterize heterogeneous breast cancer. • Histogram analysis enables quantification of tumour heterogeneity. • IVIM biomarkers show relationships with breast cancer malignancy and molecular prognostic factors.

A prospective study of diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in patients with cluster of seizures and status epilepticus.

PubMed

Jabeen, S A; Cherukuri, Pavankumar; Mridula, Rukmini; Harshavardhana, K R; Gaddamanugu, Padmaja; Sarva, Sailaja; Meena, A K; Borgohain, Rupam; Jyotsna Rani, Y

2017-04-01

To study the frequency, imaging characteristics, and clinical predictors for development of periictal diffusion weighted MRI abnormalities. We prospectively analyzed electro clinical and imaging characteristic of adult patients with cluster of seizures or status epilepticus between November 2013 and November 2015, in whom the diffusion weighted imaging was done within 24h after the end of last seizure (clinical or electrographic). There were thirty patients who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty patients (66%) had periictal MRI abnormalities. Nine patients (34%) did not have any MRI abnormality. All the patients with PMA had abnormalities on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Hippocampal abnormalities were seen in nine (53%), perisylvian in two (11.7%), thalamic in five (30%), splenium involvement in two (11.7%) and cortical involvement (temporo-occipital, parieto-occipital, temporo-parietal, fronto-parietal and fronto-temporal) in sixteen (94.1%) patients. Complete reversal of DWI changes was noted in sixteen (80%) patients and four (20%) patients showed partial resolution of MRI abnormalities. Mean duration of seizures was significantly higher among patients with PMA (59.11+20.97h) compared to those without MRI changes (27.33+9.33h) (p<0.001). Diffusion abnormalities on MRI are common in patients with cluster of seizures and status epilepticus and were highly concordant with clinical semiology and EEG activity. Patients with longer duration of seizures/status were more likely to have PMA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Association of Pediatric Abusive Head Trauma Rates With Macroeconomic Indicators.

PubMed

Wood, Joanne N; French, Benjamin; Fromkin, Janet; Fakeye, Oludolapo; Scribano, Philip V; Letson, Megan M; Makoroff, Kathi L; Feldman, Kenneth W; Fabio, Anthony; Berger, Rachel

2016-04-01

We aimed to examine abusive head trauma (AHT) incidence before, during and after the recession of 2007-2009 in 3 US regions and assess the association of economic measures with AHT incidence. Data for children <5 years old diagnosed with AHT between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2012, in 3 regions were linked to county-level economic data using an ecologic time series analysis. Associations between county-level AHT rates and recession period as well as employment growth, mortgage delinquency, and foreclosure rates were examined using zero-inflated Poisson regression models. During the 9-year period, 712 children were diagnosed with AHT. The mean rate of AHT per 100,000 child-years increased from 9.8 before the recession to 15.6 during the recession before decreasing to 12.8 after the recession. The AHT rates after the recession were higher than the rates before the recession (incidence rate ratio 1.31, P = .004) but lower than rates during the recession (incidence rate ratio 0.78, P = .005). There was no association between the AHT rate and employment growth, mortgage delinquency rates, or foreclosure rates. In the period after the recession, AHT rate was lower than during the recession period yet higher than the level before the recession, suggesting a lingering effect of the economic stress of the recession on maltreatment risk. Copyright © 2016 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Final Environmental Assessment: Central Issue Facility at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, New Jersey

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

commercial and retail services to the military personnel on the Joint Base and the civilian population. The unemployment rate in New Hanover Township...Division of Banking and Insurance, the annual number of foreclosures in Burlington County increased steadily from 1,312 in 2005 to a high of 3,391 in...2009 (NJ Division of Banking , 2011). However, this annual figure represents only 1.9 percent of the total housing units in the County (US Census

Diffuse cloud chemistry. [in interstellar matter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Dishoeck, Ewine F.; Black, John H.

1988-01-01

The current status of models of diffuse interstellar clouds is reviewed. A detailed comparison of recent gas-phase steady-state models shows that both the physical conditions and the molecular abundances in diffuse clouds are still not fully understood. Alternative mechanisms are discussed and observational tests which may discriminate between the various models are suggested. Recent developments regarding the velocity structure of diffuse clouds are mentioned. Similarities and differences between the chemistries in diffuse clouds and those in translucent and high latitude clouds are pointed out.

Asset Depletion, Chronic Financial Stress, and Mortgage Trouble Among Older Female Homeowners.

PubMed

Castro Baker, Amy; West, Stacia; Wood, Anna

2017-09-08

The Great Recession disproportionately impacted older adults and women of color, suggesting that women may be entering retirement without adequate assets. However, the current literature lacks a detailed account of women's experiences of mortgage trouble and foreclosure, as well as a longitudinal view of how these experiences impacted their overall financial assets. Grounded in cumulative inequality theory, this mixed methods study employed a QUAL→quan approach to gather qualitative data from a sample of 21 older adult women regarding their experiences of mortgage trouble. Quantitative longitudinal data was gathered for a subsample of the Early Baby Boomer Cohort using the Health and Retirement Study. Qualitative findings indicated women approaching retirement experienced chronic underemployment, wage stagnation, and financial volatility as contributors to asset depletion and eventual mortgage default or foreclosure. Quantitative results indicated asset depletion both during and post-Recession was considerably more pronounced among older adult women of color compared to older adult White men. These findings suggest that a lifetime of financial disadvantage coupled with macroeconomic instability situates older adult women, particularly women of color, in a financially vulnerable position for retirement. The ways in which 2017 attacks on the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, Dodd-Frank, and the Fiduciary rule carry potential to further destabilize this population are also discussed. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

The Charter: Conditions of Diffuse Socialization in Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, John W.

The effects of a school on diffuse attributes of students such as their values are seen as produced by the wider social definition of the products of the school--here called its "charter". Schools or systems of schools which are chartered to confer major status gains and entry into diffusely-defined elites are seen as more likely to have broad…

Use of quantitative diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to predict human papilloma virus status in patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma.

PubMed

Nakahira, Mitsuhiko; Saito, Naoko; Yamaguchi, Hiroshi; Kuba, Kiyomi; Sugasawa, Masashi

2014-05-01

Although identification of human papilloma virus (HPV) status in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is essential in predicting treatment response, no imaging modality can currently determine whether a tumor is HPV-related. In this retrospective study, 26 patients with OPSCC confined to the lateral wall or the base of tongue underwent neck magnetic resonance imaging, using T1-, T2- and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) in a region of interest covering the largest available primary tumor area of OPSCC on a single slice of the ADC map were calculated using two b values (0 and 1,000 s/mm(2)). Mean and minimum ADCs were compared with HPV status, using p16 immunohistochemistry as a surrogate marker for HPV infection. Mean and minimum ADCs for HPV(+) OPSCC were significantly lower than those for HPV(-) OPSCC. A cut-off value of mean ADC for HPV(+) OPSCC of 1.027 × 10(-3) mm(2)/s yielded sensitivity and specificity of 83.33 and 78.57%, respectively. In conclusion, the present study indicates that ADC could be used to predict HPV status in patients with OPSCC.

Reconstruction of network topology using status-time-series data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandey, Pradumn Kumar; Badarla, Venkataramana

2018-01-01

Uncovering the heterogeneous connection pattern of a networked system from the available status-time-series (STS) data of a dynamical process on the network is of great interest in network science and known as a reverse engineering problem. Dynamical processes on a network are affected by the structure of the network. The dependency between the diffusion dynamics and structure of the network can be utilized to retrieve the connection pattern from the diffusion data. Information of the network structure can help to devise the control of dynamics on the network. In this paper, we consider the problem of network reconstruction from the available status-time-series (STS) data using matrix analysis. The proposed method of network reconstruction from the STS data is tested successfully under susceptible-infected-susceptible (SIS) diffusion dynamics on real-world and computer-generated benchmark networks. High accuracy and efficiency of the proposed reconstruction procedure from the status-time-series data define the novelty of the method. Our proposed method outperforms compressed sensing theory (CST) based method of network reconstruction using STS data. Further, the same procedure of network reconstruction is applied to the weighted networks. The ordering of the edges in the weighted networks is identified with high accuracy.

Final Environmental Assessment: Consolidated Dining Facility at Joint Base McGuire-Dix-Lakehurst, New Jersey

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

unemployment rate in New Hanover Township, NJ, is 8.6 percent which is slightly higher than the US 2012 average of 8.1 percent (NCSL, 2012). Job growth in New...Burlington County. According to the State Division of Banking and Insurance, the annual number of foreclosures in Burlington County increased steadily from...1,312 in 2005 to a high of 3,391 in 2009 (NJ Division of Banking , 2011). However, this annual figure represents only 1.9 percent of the total housing

National Dam Safety Program. Foxs Lake Dam (NJ00342), Passaic River Basin, Foxs Brook, Morris County, New Jersey. Phase 1 Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

c.6E RECEIVED :r. Robert L. Hardman , Chieff Fureau of Water Control N. J Dept. of Conservation & Economic Development Division of Water Policy...Supply Trenton, N. J. 08625 Dear mr. Hardman : re: Rockaway Park Lake Dam Application No. 93 With regard to your communications of April 26th and July 3rd...1968, please be advised that the Borough of Rockaway acquired Rockaway Park Lakes, the subject dam and surrounding shore area by Tax Foreclosure on

New MYC IHC Classifier Integrating Quantitative Architecture Parameters to Predict MYC Gene Translocation in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma

PubMed Central

Dong, Wei-Feng; Canil, Sarah; Lai, Raymond; Morel, Didier; Swanson, Paul E.; Izevbaye, Iyare

2018-01-01

A new automated MYC IHC classifier based on bivariate logistic regression is presented. The predictor relies on image analysis developed with the open-source ImageJ platform. From a histologic section immunostained for MYC protein, 2 dimensionless quantitative variables are extracted: (a) relative distance between nuclei positive for MYC IHC based on euclidean minimum spanning tree graph and (b) coefficient of variation of the MYC IHC stain intensity among MYC IHC-positive nuclei. Distance between positive nuclei is suggested to inversely correlate MYC gene rearrangement status, whereas coefficient of variation is suggested to inversely correlate physiological regulation of MYC protein expression. The bivariate classifier was compared with 2 other MYC IHC classifiers (based on percentage of MYC IHC positive nuclei), all tested on 113 lymphomas including mostly diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with known MYC fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) status. The bivariate classifier strongly outperformed the “percentage of MYC IHC-positive nuclei” methods to predict MYC+ FISH status with 100% sensitivity (95% confidence interval, 94-100) associated with 80% specificity. The test is rapidly performed and might at a minimum provide primary IHC screening for MYC gene rearrangement status in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Furthermore, as this bivariate classifier actually predicts “permanent overexpressed MYC protein status,” it might identify nontranslocation-related chromosomal anomalies missed by FISH. PMID:27093450

New approaches for moving upstream: how state and local health departments can transform practice to reduce health inequalities.

PubMed

Freudenberg, Nicholas; Franzosa, Emily; Chisholm, Janice; Libman, Kimberly

2015-04-01

Growing evidence shows that unequal distribution of wealth and power across race, class, and gender produces the differences in living conditions that are "upstream" drivers of health inequalities. Health educators and other public health professionals, however, still develop interventions that focus mainly on "downstream" behavioral risks. Three factors explain the difficulty in translating this knowledge into practice. First, in their allegiance to the status quo, powerful elites often resist upstream policies and programs that redistribute wealth and power. Second, public health practice is often grounded in dominant biomedical and behavioral paradigms, and health departments also face legal and political limits on expanding their scope of activities. Finally, the evidence for the impact of upstream interventions is limited, in part because methodologies for evaluating upstream interventions are less developed. To illustrate strategies to overcome these obstacles, we profile recent campaigns in the United States to enact living wages, prevent mortgage foreclosures, and reduce exposure to air pollution. We then examine how health educators working in state and local health departments can transform their practice to contribute to campaigns that reallocate the wealth and power that shape the living conditions that determine health and health inequalities. We also consider health educators' role in producing the evidence that can guide transformative expansion of upstream interventions to reduce health inequalities. © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.

Identity Formation in Adulthood: A Longitudinal Study from Age 27 to 50

PubMed Central

Fadjukoff, Päivi; Pulkkinen, Lea; Kokko, Katja

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Longitudinal patterns of identity formation were analyzed in a representative cohort group of Finnish men and women born in 1959 across ages 27, 36, 42, and 50. The data were drawn from the Jyväskylä Longitudinal Study of Personality. Identity status (diffused, moratorium, foreclosed, achieved) from all four ages was available for 172 participants (54% females). Marcia’s Identity Status Interview used in this research included five domains: religious beliefs, political identity, occupational career, intimate relationships, and lifestyle. The findings indicated great variability in identity status across domains at each age level, and the identity trajectories fluctuated from age 27 to 50. The developmental trend from age 27 to 50 was moderately progressive (toward achievement) for the five domains and for overall identity, with the exception of a slightly regressive trend in male religious identity. Remaining stable in the same status category across the four measurements was rare and emerged only for diffusion in the ideological domains. Women generally outnumbered men in identity achievement at earlier ages, but the gender differences diminished in most domains at age 50, except in religious identity. In women overall diffusion decreased over time, but in men it remained at about 20% at ages 42 and 50. PMID:27019650

Enamel defects and dental caries in 9-year-old children living in fluoridated and nonfluoridated areas of Auckland, New Zealand.

PubMed

Kanagaratnam, Sathananthan; Schluter, Philip; Durward, Callum; Mahood, Robyn; Mackay, Tim

2009-06-01

This epidemiological study aims to investigate the developmental enamel defects and dental caries among 9-year-old children resident in fluoridated and nonfluoridated regions in Auckland, New Zealand. A stratified, two-stage random selection design where strata were defined by fluoridation status, school size, and school decile. After informed consent was obtained, parents completed oral health questionnaires and children underwent dental examinations at school clinics. 612 children from 38 schools participated in the study. Overall, 175 (29%) children had lived continuously in fluoridated areas, 149 (24%) had lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas, and 288 (47%) had resided intermittently in fluoridated areas. Diffuse opacities were present in 117 (19%) children and deciduous teeth dental caries was seen in 370 (60%) children. After adjustment for covariates, a strong dose-response relationship between diffuse opacity and fluoridation status was found, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 4.17 times as likely to have diffuse opacities as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001). Conversely, a strong protective dose-response relationship between caries experience and fluoridation status was seen, with children who lived continuously in fluoridated areas being 0.42 times as likely to have dental caries as children who lived continuously in nonfluoridated areas (P < 0.001). Reticulated water fluoridation in Auckland reduces the risk of dental caries but increases the risk of diffuse opacities in 9-year-old children. Guidelines and health-promotion strategies that enable children to minimize their risk to diffuse opacities yet reduce their risk of dental caries should be reviewed.

Sex and Social Influence: Does Sex Function as a Status Characteristic in Mixed-Sex Groups of Children?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lockheed, Marlaine E.; And Others

1983-01-01

The purpose of this study was to determine (1) whether sex operated as a diffuse status characteristic in mixed-sex groups of fourth- and fifth-grade children (n=168), and (2) whether an intervention based on expectation states theory would be successful in changing the status relationships within such groups. (PN)

Perceived Attributes Predict Course Management System Adopter Status

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keesee, Gayla S.; Shepard, MaryFriend

2011-01-01

This quantitative, nonexperimental study utilized Rogers's diffusion of innovation theory as the theoretical base to determine instructors' perceptions of the attributes (relative advantage, compatibility, complexity, trialability, observability) of the course management system used in order to predict adopter status. The study used a convenience…

Figure-ground segregation: A fully nonlocal approach.

PubMed

Dimiccoli, Mariella

2016-09-01

We present a computational model that computes and integrates in a nonlocal fashion several configural cues for automatic figure-ground segregation. Our working hypothesis is that the figural status of each pixel is a nonlocal function of several geometric shape properties and it can be estimated without explicitly relying on object boundaries. The methodology is grounded on two elements: multi-directional linear voting and nonlinear diffusion. A first estimation of the figural status of each pixel is obtained as a result of a voting process, in which several differently oriented line-shaped neighborhoods vote to express their belief about the figural status of the pixel. A nonlinear diffusion process is then applied to enforce the coherence of figural status estimates among perceptually homogeneous regions. Computer simulations fit human perception and match the experimental evidence that several cues cooperate in defining figure-ground segregation. The results of this work suggest that figure-ground segregation involves feedback from cells with larger receptive fields in higher visual cortical areas. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recent progress in high-output-voltage silicon solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Muelenberg, A.; Arndt, R. A.; Allison, J. F.; Weizer, V.

1980-01-01

The status of the technology associated with the development of high output voltage silicon solar cells is reported. The energy conversion efficiency of a double diffusion process is compared to that of a single diffusion process. The efficiency of a 0.1 ohm/cm solar cell is characterized both before and after covering.

The Diffusion of the Learning Pyramid Myths in Academia: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Letrud, Kåre; Hernes, Sigbjørn

2016-01-01

This article examines the diffusion and present day status of a family of unsubstantiated learning-retention myths, some of which are referred to as "the learning pyramid". We demonstrate through an extensive search in academic journals and field-specific encyclopaedias that these myths are indeed widely publicised in academia and that…

In vivo diffusion tensor imaging and ex vivo histologic characterization of white matter pathology in a post-status epilepticus model of temporal lobe epilepsy.

PubMed

van Eijsden, Pieter; Otte, Wim M; van der Hel, W Saskia; van Nieuwenhuizen, Onno; Dijkhuizen, Rick M; de Graaf, Robin A; Braun, Kees P J

2011-04-01

Although epilepsy is historically considered a disease of gray matter, recent diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies have shown white matter abnormalities in patients with epilepsy. The histopathologic correlate of these findings, and whether they are a cause or consequence of epilepsy, remains unclear. To characterize these changes and their underlying histopathology, DTI was performed in juvenile rats, 4 and 8 weeks after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE). In the medial corpus callosum (CC), mean diffusivity and axial diffusivity (MD and λ₁) as well as a myelin staining were significantly reduced at 4 weeks. Only the λ₁ decrease persisted at 8 weeks. In the fornix fimbriae (FF), λ₁ and myelin staining were decreased at both time points, whereas fractional anisotropy (FA) and MD were significantly reduced at 8 weeks only. We conclude that SE induces both transient and chronic white matter changes in the medial CC and FF that are to some degree related to myelin pathology. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2011 International League Against Epilepsy.

Using the apparent diffusion coefficient to identifying MGMT promoter methylation status early in glioblastoma: importance of analytical method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rundle-Thiele, Dayle; Day, Bryan; Stringer, Brett

Accurate knowledge of O{sup 6}-methylguanine methyltransferase (MGMT) gene promoter subtype in patients with glioblastoma (GBM) is important for treatment. However, this test is not always available. Pre-operative diffusion MRI (dMRI) can be used to probe tumour biology using the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC); however, its ability to act as a surrogate to predict MGMT status has shown mixed results. We investigated whether this was due to variations in the method used to analyse ADC. We undertook a retrospective study of 32 patients with GBM who had MGMT status measured. Matching pre-operative MRI data were used to calculate the ADC withinmore » contrast enhancing regions of tumour. The relationship between ADC and MGMT was examined using two published ADC methods. A strong trend between a measure of ‘minimum ADC’ and methylation status was seen. An elevated minimum ADC was more likely in the methylated compared to the unmethylated MGMT group (U = 56, P = 0.0561). In contrast, utilising a two-mixture model histogram approach, a significant reduction in mean measure of the ‘low ADC’ component within the histogram was associated with an MGMT promoter methylation subtype (P < 0.0246). This study shows that within the same patient cohort, the method selected to analyse ADC measures has a significant bearing on the use of that metric as a surrogate marker of MGMT status. Thus for dMRI data to be clinically useful, consistent methods of data analysis need to be established prior to establishing any relationship with genetic or epigenetic profiling.« less

Apparent diffusion coefficient mapping using diffusion-weighted MRI: impact of background parenchymal enhancement, amount of fibroglandular tissue and menopausal status on breast cancer diagnosis.

PubMed

Horvat, Joao V; Durando, Manuela; Milans, Soledad; Patil, Sujata; Massler, Jessica; Gibbons, Girard; Giri, Dilip; Pinker, Katja; Morris, Elizabeth A; Thakur, Sunitha B

2018-06-01

To investigate the impact of background parenchymal enhancement (BPE), amount of fibroglandular tissue (FGT) and menopausal status on apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiation between malignant and benign lesions. In this HIPAA-compliant study, mean ADC values of 218 malignant and 130 benign lesions from 288 patients were retrospectively evaluated. The differences in mean ADC values between benign and malignant lesions were calculated within groups stratified by BPE level (high/low), amount of FGT (dense/non-dense) and menopausal status (premenopausal/postmenopausal). Sensitivities and specificities for distinguishing malignant from benign lesions within different groups were compared for statistical significance. The mean ADC value for malignant lesions was significantly lower compared to that for benign lesions (1.07±0.21 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s vs. 1.53±0.26 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s) (p<0.0001). Using the optimal cut-off point of 1.30 x 10 -3 mm 2 /s, an area under the curve of 0.918 was obtained, with sensitivity and specificity both of 87 %. There was no statistically significant difference in sensitivities and specificities of ADC values between different groups stratified by BPE level, amount of FGT or menopausal status. Differentiation between benign and malignant lesions on ADC values is not significantly affected by BPE level, amount of FGT or menopausal status. • ADC allows differentiation between benign and malignant lesions. • ADC is useful for breast cancer diagnosis despite different patient characteristics. • BPE, FGT or menopause do not significantly affect sensitivity and specificity.

Diffuse cosmic gamma rays: Present status of theory and observation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stecker, F. W.

1972-01-01

Positive diffuse gamma ray flux measurements now exist for energies up to the 100 MeV range. The totality of the observations in the 0.001 to 100 MeV range follow an E to the minus 2nd power trend in the differential isotropic photon spectrum but significant features appear. Possible theoretical interpretations of these features are discussed. New results on the diffuse flux from the galaxy substantiate the pion-decay origin hypothesis for gamma radiation above 100 MeV.

Apoplastic Diffusion Barriers in Arabidopsis

PubMed Central

Schreiber, Lukas; Franke, Rochus Benni; Geldner, Niko; Reina-Pinto, José J.; Kunst, Ljerka

2013-01-01

During the development of Arabidopsis and other land plants, diffusion barriers are formed in the apoplast of specialized tissues within a variety of plant organs. While the cuticle of the epidermis is the primary diffusion barrier in the shoot, the Casparian strips and suberin lamellae of the endodermis and the periderm represent the diffusion barriers in the root. Different classes of molecules contribute to the formation of extracellular diffusion barriers in an organ- and tissue-specific manner. Cutin and wax are the major components of the cuticle, lignin forms the early Casparian strip, and suberin is deposited in the stage II endodermis and the periderm. The current status of our understanding of the relationships between the chemical structure, ultrastructure and physiological functions of plant diffusion barriers is discussed. Specific aspects of the synthesis of diffusion barrier components and protocols that can be used for the assessment of barrier function and important barrier properties are also presented. PMID:24465172

Fatal Cerebral Edema With Status Epilepticus in Children With Dravet Syndrome: Report of 5 Cases.

PubMed

Myers, Kenneth A; McMahon, Jacinta M; Mandelstam, Simone A; Mackay, Mark T; Kalnins, Renate M; Leventer, Richard J; Scheffer, Ingrid E

2017-04-01

Dravet syndrome (DS) is a well-recognized developmental and epileptic encephalopathy associated with SCN1A mutations and 15% mortality by 20 years. Although over half of cases succumb to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy, the cause of death in the remainder is poorly defined. We describe the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic characteristics of a cohort of children with DS and SCN1A mutations who developed fatal cerebral edema causing mass effect after fever-associated status epilepticus. Cases were identified from a review of children with DS enrolled in the Epilepsy Genetics Research Program at The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, who died after fever-associated status epilepticus. Five children were identified, all of whom presented with fever-associated convulsive status epilepticus, developed severe brain swelling, and died. All had de novo SCN1A mutations. Fever of 40°C or greater was measured in all cases. Signs of brainstem dysfunction, indicating cerebral herniation, were first noted 3 to 5 days after initial presentation in 4 patients, though were apparent as early as 24 hours in 1 case. When MRI was performed early in a patient's course, focal regions of cortical diffusion restriction were noted. Later MRI studies demonstrated diffuse cytotoxic edema, with severe cerebral herniation. Postmortem studies revealed diffuse brain edema and widespread neuronal damage. Laminar necrosis was seen in 1 case. Cerebral edema leading to fatal brain herniation is an important, previously unreported sequela of status epilepticus in children with DS. This potentially remediable complication may be a significant contributor to the early mortality of DS. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

Diffuse emission and pathological Seyfert spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Halpern, Jules P.

1995-01-01

In this annual ROSAT status report, the diffuse emission and spectra from Seyfert galaxies are examined. Three papers are presented and their contents include the soft x-ray properties and spectra of a binary millisecond pulsar, the PSPC and HRI observations of a Starburst/Seyfert 2 Galaxy, and an analysis of the possibility of x-ray luminous starbursts in the Einstein Medium Sensitivity Survey.

Comparison of Diffusion Tensor Tractography and Motor Evoked Potentials for the Estimation of Clinical Status in Subacute Stroke

PubMed Central

Chun, Kwang-Soo; Lee, Yong-Taek; Park, Jong-Wan; Lee, Joon-Youn; Park, Chul-Hyun

2016-01-01

Objective To compare diffusion tensor tractography (DTT) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for estimation of clinical status in patients in the subacute stage of stroke. Methods Patients with hemiplegia due to stroke who were evaluated using both DTT and MEPs between May 2012 and April 2015 were recruited. Clinical assessments investigated upper extremity motor and functional status. Motor status was evaluated using Medical Research Council grading and the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper limb and hand (FMA-U and FMA-H). Functional status was measured using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI). Patients were classified into subgroups according to DTT findings, MEP presence, fractional anisotropy (FA) value, FA ratio (rFA), and central motor conduction time (CMCT). Correlations of clinical assessments with DTT parameters and MEPs were estimated. Results Fifty-five patients with hemiplegia were recruited. In motor assessments (FMA-U), MEPs had the highest sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) as well as the second highest specificity and positive predictive value (PPV). CMCT showed the highest specificity and PPV. Regarding functional status (MBI), FA showed the highest sensitivity and NPV, whereas CMCT had the highest specificity and PPV. Correlation analysis showed that the resting motor threshold (RMT) ratio was strongly associated with motor status of the upper limb, and MEP parameters were not associated with MBI. Conclusion DTT and MEPs could be suitable complementary modalities for analyzing the motor and functional status of patients in the subacute stage of stroke. The RMT ratio was strongly correlated with motor status. PMID:26949679

Natural biological variation of white matter microstructure is accentuated in Huntington's disease.

PubMed

Gregory, Sarah; Crawford, Helen; Seunarine, Kiran; Leavitt, Blair; Durr, Alexandra; Roos, Raymund A C; Scahill, Rachael I; Tabrizi, Sarah J; Rees, Geraint; Langbehn, Douglas; Orth, Michael

2018-04-22

Huntington's disease (HD) is a monogenic neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG-repeat expansion in the Huntingtin gene. Presence of this expansion signifies certainty of disease onset, but only partly explains age at which onset occurs. Genome-wide association studies have shown that naturally occurring genetic variability influences HD pathogenesis and disease onset. Investigating the influence of biological traits in the normal population, such as variability in white matter properties, on HD pathogenesis could provide a complementary approach to understanding disease modification. We have previously shown that while white matter diffusivity patterns in the left sensorimotor network were similar in controls and HD gene-carriers, they were more extreme in the HD group. We hypothesized that the influence of natural variation in diffusivity on effects of HD pathogenesis on white matter is not limited to the sensorimotor network but extends to cognitive, limbic, and visual networks. Using tractography, we investigated 32 bilateral pathways within HD-related networks, including motor, cognitive, and limbic, and examined diffusivity metrics using principal components analysis. We identified three independent patterns of diffusivity common to controls and HD gene-carriers that predicted HD status. The first pattern involved almost all tracts, the second was limited to sensorimotor tracts, and the third encompassed cognitive network tracts. Each diffusivity pattern was associated with network specific performance. The consistency in diffusivity patterns across both groups coupled with their association with disease status and task performance indicates that naturally-occurring patterns of diffusivity can become accentuated in the presence of the HD gene mutation to influence clinical brain function. © 2018 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Determining optimal treatment strategy for diffuse glioma: the emerging role of IDH mutations.

PubMed

Juratli, Tareq A; Cahill, Daniel P; McCutcheon, Ian E

2015-06-01

The isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 (IDH1 and IDH2) genes mutate frequently in gliomas, and it has become increasingly apparent that IDH mutation status accounts for much of the prognostic information previously rendered by histological grading. Most glioblastomas (90-95%) are IDH wild-type and most lower-grade diffuse gliomas (80%) are IDH-mutant. We examine here how IDH mutation status interacts with treatments known to influence survival (surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy) in patients with gliomas, and the impact of the IDH mutations on patients' survival after such treatments. IDH mutations is associated with more complete surgical resection of enhancing disease, and with a better response to RT. In addition, there is increasing clinical evidence that, in certain contexts, IDH mutations predict chemotherapeutic sensitivity. Mutations in IDH and other genes are beginning to drive decisions on therapy for diffuse gliomas and will likely allow tailoring of treatment by molecular profile in the future.

Factors related to the relative survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in a population-based study in France: does socio-economic status have a role?

PubMed

Le Guyader-Peyrou, Sandra; Orazio, Sébastien; Dejardin, Olivier; Maynadié, Marc; Troussard, Xavier; Monnereau, Alain

2017-03-01

The survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma has increased during the last decade as a result of addition of anti-CD20 to anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Although the trend is encouraging, there are persistent differences in survival within and between the USA and European countries suggesting that non-biological factors play a role. Our aim was to investigate the influence of such factors on relative survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. We conducted a retrospective, multicenter, registry-based study in France on 1165 incident cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma between 2002 and 2008. Relative survival analyses were performed and missing data were controlled with the multiple imputation method. In a multivariate analysis, adjusted for age, sex and International Prognostic Index, we confirmed that time period was associated with a better 5-year relative survival. The registry area, the medical specialty of the care department (onco-hematology versus other), the time to travel to the nearest teaching hospital, the place of treatment (teaching versus not-teaching hospital -borderline significance), a comorbidity burden and marital status were independently associated with the 5-year relative survival. Adjusted for first-course treatment, inclusion in a clinical trial and treatment discussion in a multidisciplinary meeting were strongly associated with a better survival outcome. In contrast, socio-economic status (determined using the European Deprivation Index) was not associated with outcome. Despite therapeutic advances, various non-biological factors affected the relative survival of patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. The notion of lymphoma-specific expertise seems to be essential to achieve optimal care management and reopens the debate regarding centralization of these patients' care in hematology/oncology departments. Copyright© Ferrata Storti Foundation.

Apparent diffusion coefficient of breast cancer and normal fibroglandular tissue in diffusion-weighted imaging: the effects of menstrual cycle and menopausal status.

PubMed

Kim, Jin You; Suh, Hie Bum; Kang, Hyun Jung; Shin, Jong Ki; Choo, Ki Seok; Nam, Kyung Jin; Lee, Seok Won; Jung, Young Lae; Bae, Young Tae

2016-05-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate prospectively whether the apparent diffusion coefficients (ADCs) of both breast cancer and normal fibroglandular tissue vary with the menstrual cycle and menopausal status. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and informed consent was obtained from each participant. Fifty-seven women (29 premenopausal, 28 postmenopausal) with newly diagnosed breast cancer underwent diffusion-weighted imaging twice (interval 12-20 days) before surgery. Two radiologists independently measured ADC of breast cancer and normal contralateral breast tissue, and we quantified the differences according to the phases of menstrual cycle and menopausal status. With normal fibroglandular tissue, ADC was significantly lower in postmenopausal than in premenopausal women (P = 0.035). In premenopausal women, ADC did not differ significantly between proliferative and secretory phases in either breast cancer or normal fibroglandular tissue (P = 0.969 and P = 0.519, respectively). In postmenopausal women, no significant differences were found between ADCs measured at different time intervals in either breast cancer or normal fibroglandular tissue (P = 0.948 and P = 0.961, respectively). The within-subject variability of the ADC measurements was quantified using the coefficient of variation (CV) and was small: the mean CVs of tumor ADC were 2.90 % (premenopausal) and 3.43 % (postmenopausal), and those of fibroglandular tissue ADC were 4.37 % (premenopausal) and 2.55 % (postmenopausal). Both intra- and interobserver agreements were excellent for ADC measurements, with intraclass correlation coefficients in the range of 0.834-0.974. In conclusion, the measured ADCs of breast cancer and normal fibroglandular tissue were not affected significantly by menstrual cycle, and the measurements were highly reproducible both within and between observers.

Analysis of the activation status of Akt, NFkappaB, and Stat3 in human diffuse gliomas.

PubMed

Wang, Huamin; Wang, Hua; Zhang, Wei; Huang, Helen J; Liao, Warren S L; Fuller, Gregory N

2004-08-01

Loss of phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) and amplification of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene contribute to the progression of gliomas. As downstream targets of the PTEN and EGFR signaling pathways, Akt, NFkappaB, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (Stat3) have been shown to play important roles in the control of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and oncogenesis. We examined the activation status of Akt, NFkappaB, and Stat3 in 259 diffuse gliomas using tissue microarrays and immunohistochemistry, and evaluated their association with glioma grade. We observed significant positive correlations between the activation status of Akt and NFkappaB and glioma grade. In contrast, only focal immunoreactivity for phospho-Stat3 was observed in < 9% of high-grade gliomas. In addition, we observed a significant correlation between the activation of Akt and NFkappaB. Functional correlation between Akt activation and the activation of NFkappaB was confirmed in U251MG GBM cells in which inhibition of Akt activation either by stable expression of PTEN or by the PI3-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin and LY294002, led to a concomitant decrease in NFkappaB-binding activity. Thus, our results demonstrate that constitutive activation of Akt and NFkappaB, but not Stat3, contributes significantly to the progression of diffuse gliomas, and activation of Akt may lead to NFkappaB activation in high-grade gliomas.

What makes professors appear credible: The effect of demographic characteristics and ideological beliefs.

PubMed

Zhu, Luke Lei; Aquino, Karl; Vadera, Abhijeet K

2016-06-01

Five studies are conducted to examine how ideology and perceptions regarding gender, race, caste, and affiliation status affect how individuals judge researchers' credibility. Support is found for predictions that individuals judge researcher credibility according to their egalitarian or elitist ideologies and according to status cues including race, gender, caste, and university affiliation. Egalitarians evaluate low-status researchers as more credible than high-status researchers. Elitists show the opposite pattern. Credibility judgments affect whether individuals will interpret subsequent ambiguous events in accordance with the researcher's findings. Effects of diffuse status cues and ideological beliefs may be mitigated when specific status cues are presented to override stereotypes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Status epilepticus in the elderly: Prognostic implications of rhythmic and periodic patterns in electroencephalography and hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging.

PubMed

Yoshimura, Hajime; Matsumoto, Riki; Ueda, Hiroyuki; Ariyoshi, Koichi; Kawamoto, Michi; Ishii, Junko; Ikeda, Akio; Takahashi, Ryosuke; Kohara, Nobuo

2016-11-15

To delineate the clinical characteristics and functional outcome of status epilepticus (SE) in elderly people, and elucidate prognostic implications of SE-associated rhythmic and periodic patterns (RPPs) in electroencephalography and hyperintensities on diffusion-weighted imaging. We retrospectively investigated 107 consecutive patients with SE aged≥65years in a comprehensive community hospital. RPPs were classified using the 2012 American Clinical Neurophysiology Society's Standardized Critical Care EEG Terminology. Poor outcome was defined as an increase in modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score at discharge compared with that at baseline, including death. Median age of patients was 80.0years. Median mRS score at baseline was 3. Thirty-four patients (31.8%) had a previous diagnosis of epilepsy. Cerebrovascular disease and dementia were major etiologies. Poor outcome occurred in 41 (38.3%). In electroencephalography, periodic discharges (PDs) were present in 21.0% (22/105), rhythmic delta activity (RDA) in 10.5% (11/105), and conventional seizure patterns in 9.5% (10/105). Diffusion-weighted hyperintensities associated with SE were observed in 28.0% (26/93). With univariate analysis, poor outcome was significantly associated with no previous diagnosis of epilepsy, etiology, refractory SE, specific electroencephalographic patterns (PDs and conventional seizure patterns, but not RDA), and diffusion-weighted hyperintensities. With multivariate logistic regression analysis, diffusion-weighted hyperintensities (OR 6.13 [95% CI 1.72-21.9]) and refractory SE (OR 5.36 [95% CI 1.28-22.4]) were independently associated with poor outcome. SE often occurred as the first seizure in already disabled elderly people, further worsening their functional disabilities. Diffusion-weighted hyperintensities and refractory SE, but not RPPs in electroencephalography, were independent functional prognostic factors. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Diffuse Staining for Activated NOTCH1 Correlates With NOTCH1 Mutation Status and Is Associated With Worse Outcome in Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma.

PubMed

Sajed, Dipti P; Faquin, William C; Carey, Chris; Severson, Eric A; H Afrogheh, Amir; A Johnson, Carl; Blacklow, Stephen C; Chau, Nicole G; Lin, Derrick T; Krane, Jeffrey F; Jo, Vickie Y; Garcia, Joaquín J; Sholl, Lynette M; Aster, Jon C

2017-11-01

NOTCH1 is frequently mutated in adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). To test the idea that immunohistochemical (IHC) staining can identify ACCs with NOTCH1 mutations, we performed IHC for activated NOTCH1 (NICD1) in 197 cases diagnosed as ACC from 173 patients. NICD1 staining was positive in 194 cases (98%) in 2 major patterns: subset positivity, which correlated with tubular/cribriform histology; and diffuse positivity, which correlated with a solid histology. To determine the relationship between NICD1 staining and NOTCH1 mutational status, targeted exome sequencing data were obtained on 14 diffusely NICD1-positive ACC specimens from 11 patients and 15 subset NICD1-positive ACC specimens from 15 patients. This revealed NOTCH1 gain-of-function mutations in 11 of 14 diffusely NICD1-positive ACC specimens, whereas all subset-positive tumors had wild-type NOTCH1 alleles. Notably, tumors with diffuse NICD1 positivity were associated with significantly worse outcomes (P=0.003). To determine whether NOTCH1 activation is unique among tumors included in the differential diagnosis with ACC, we performed NICD1 IHC on a cohort of diverse salivary gland and head and neck tumors. High fractions of each of these tumor types were positive for NICD1 in a subset of cells, particularly in basaloid squamous cell carcinomas; however, sequencing of basaloid squamous cell carcinomas failed to identify NOTCH1 mutations. These findings indicate that diffuse NICD1 positivity in ACC correlates with solid growth pattern, the presence of NOTCH1 gain-of-function mutations, and unfavorable outcome, and suggest that staining for NICD1 can be helpful in distinguishing ACC with solid growth patterns from other salivary gland and head and neck tumors.

Racial Discrimination and Racial Socialization as Predictors of African American Adolescents’ Racial Identity Development using Latent Transition Analysis

PubMed Central

Seaton, Eleanor K.; Yip, Tiffany; Morgan-Lopez, Antonio; Sellers, Robert M.

2013-01-01

The current study examined perceptions of racial discrimination and racial socialization on racial identity development among 566 African American adolescents over three years. Latent class analyses were used to estimate identity statuses (Diffuse, Foreclosed, Moratorium and Achieved). The probabilities of transitioning from one stage to another were examined with latent transition analyses to determine the likelihood of youth progressing, regressing or remaining constant. Racial socialization and perceptions of racial discrimination were examined as covariates to assess the association with changes in racial identity status. The results indicated that perceptions of racial discrimination were not linked to any changes in racial identity. Youth who reported higher levels of racial socialization were less likely to be in Diffuse or Foreclosed compared to the Achieved group. PMID:21875184

Cohort change and the diffusion of environmental concern: A cross-national analysis

PubMed Central

Nawrotzki, Raphael J.; Pampel, Fred C.

2013-01-01

This study explores value change across cohorts for a multinational population sample. Employing a diffusion-of-innovations approach, we combine competing theories predicting the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and environmentalism: post-materialism and affluence theories, and global environmentalism theory. The diffusion argument suggests that high-SES groups first adopt pro-environmental views, but as time passes by, environmentalism diffuses to lower-SES groups. We test the diffusion argument using a sample of 18 countries for two waves (years 1993 and 2000) from the International Social Survey Project (ISSP). Cross-classified multilevel modeling allows us to identify a non-linear interaction between cohort and education, our core measure of SES, in predicting environmental concern, while controlling for age and period. We find support for the diffusion argument and demonstrate that the positive effect of education on environmental concern first increases among older cohorts, then starts to level off until a bend-point is reached for individuals born around 1940 and becomes progressively weaker for younger cohorts. PMID:24179313

Cohort change and the diffusion of environmental concern: A cross-national analysis.

PubMed

Nawrotzki, Raphael J; Pampel, Fred C

2013-09-01

This study explores value change across cohorts for a multinational population sample. Employing a diffusion-of-innovations approach, we combine competing theories predicting the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and environmentalism: post-materialism and affluence theories, and global environmentalism theory. The diffusion argument suggests that high-SES groups first adopt pro-environmental views, but as time passes by, environmentalism diffuses to lower-SES groups. We test the diffusion argument using a sample of 18 countries for two waves (years 1993 and 2000) from the International Social Survey Project (ISSP). Cross-classified multilevel modeling allows us to identify a non-linear interaction between cohort and education, our core measure of SES, in predicting environmental concern, while controlling for age and period. We find support for the diffusion argument and demonstrate that the positive effect of education on environmental concern first increases among older cohorts, then starts to level off until a bend-point is reached for individuals born around 1940 and becomes progressively weaker for younger cohorts.

Nonlinear diffusion and viral spread through the leaf of a plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, Maureen P.; Waterhouse, Peter M.; Munoz-Lopez, María Jesús; Anderssen, Robert S.

2016-10-01

The spread of a virus through the leaf of a plant is both spatially and temporally causal in that the present status depends on the past and the spatial spread is compactly supported and progresses outwards. Such spatial spread is known to occur for certain nonlinear diffusion processes. The first compactly supported solution for nonlinear diffusion equations appears to be that of Pattle published in 1959. In that paper, no explanation is given as to how the solution was derived. Here, we show how the solution can be derived using Lie symmetry analysis. This lays a foundation for exploring the behavior of other choices for nonlinear diffusion and exploring the addition of reaction terms which do not eliminate the compactly supported structure. The implications associated with using the reaction-diffusion equation to model the spatial-temporal spread of a virus through the leaf of a plant are discussed.

Diffusion Profiling via a Histogram Approach Distinguishes Low-grade from High-grade Meningiomas, Can Reflect the Respective Proliferative Potential and Progesterone Receptor Status.

PubMed

Gihr, Georg Alexander; Horvath-Rizea, Diana; Garnov, Nikita; Kohlhof-Meinecke, Patricia; Ganslandt, Oliver; Henkes, Hans; Meyer, Hans Jonas; Hoffmann, Karl-Titus; Surov, Alexey; Schob, Stefan

2018-02-01

Presurgical grading, estimation of growth kinetics, and other prognostic factors are becoming increasingly important for selecting the best therapeutic approach for meningioma patients. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) provides microstructural information and reflects tumor biology. A novel DWI approach, histogram profiling of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) volumes, provides more distinct information than conventional DWI. Therefore, our study investigated whether ADC histogram profiling distinguishes low-grade from high-grade lesions and reflects Ki-67 expression and progesterone receptor status. Pretreatment ADC volumes of 37 meningioma patients (28 low-grade, 9 high-grade) were used for histogram profiling. WHO grade, Ki-67 expression, and progesterone receptor status were evaluated. Comparative and correlative statistics investigating the association between histogram profiling and neuropathology were performed. The entire ADC profile (p10, p25, p75, p90, mean, median) was significantly lower in high-grade versus low-grade meningiomas. The lower percentiles, mean, and modus showed significant correlations with Ki-67 expression. Skewness and entropy of the ADC volumes were significantly associated with progesterone receptor status and Ki-67 expression. ROC analysis revealed entropy to be the most accurate parameter distinguishing low-grade from high-grade meningiomas. ADC histogram profiling provides a distinct set of parameters, which help differentiate low-grade versus high-grade meningiomas. Also, histogram metrics correlate significantly with histological surrogates of the respective proliferative potential. More specifically, entropy revealed to be the most promising imaging biomarker for presurgical grading. Both, entropy and skewness were significantly associated with progesterone receptor status and Ki-67 expression and therefore should be investigated further as predictors for prognostically relevant tumor biological features. Since absolute ADC values vary between MRI scanners of different vendors and field strengths, their use is more limited in the presurgical setting.

Role of intravoxel incoherent motion MR imaging in preoperative assessing HER2 status of gastric cancers.

PubMed

Ji, Changfeng; Zhang, Qinglei; Guan, Wenxian; Guo, Tingting; Chen, Ling; Liu, Song; He, Jian; Zhou, Zhengyang

2017-07-25

To explore the role of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in evaluating human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status of gastric cancers preoperatively. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and pure diffusion coefficient (D) values correlated positively with HER2 scores of gastric cancers significantly (r = 0.276, P = 0.048; r = 0.481, P < 0.001, respectively). The ADC and D values of HER2 positive gastric cancers were significantly higher than those of HER2 negative tumors (P = 0.033, 0.007, respectively). With a cut-off value of 1.321 and 1.123 × 10-3 mm2/sec, the ADC and D values could distinguish HER2 positive gastric cancers from HER2 negative ones with an area under the curve of 0.733 and 0.762, respectively (P = 0.023, 0.011, respectively). Fifty-three patients with gastric cancers underwent IVIM MR imaging preoperatively. The values of ADC, D, pseudo diffusion coefficient (D*) and perfusion related fraction (f) of the lesions were obtained. Partial correlation test including tumor volume was performed to analyze correlations between IVIM values and HER2 scores excluding the impact of tumor size. IVIM parameters of gastric cancers with different HER2 status were compared using independent samples t test. Diagnostic performance of IVIM parameters in distinguishing HER2 positive gastric cancers from negative ones was tested with receiver operating characteristic analysis. We confirmed the feasibility of IVIM MR imaging in preoperative assessment of HER2 status of gastric cancers, which might make up the shortfall of biopsy and facilitate personalized treatment for patients with gastric cancers.

Prognostic value of tumor necrosis at CT in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

PubMed

Adams, Hugo J A; de Klerk, John M H; Fijnheer, Rob; Dubois, Stefan V; Nievelstein, Rutger A J; Kwee, Thomas C

2015-03-01

To determine the prognostic value of tumor necrosis at computed tomography (CT) in newly diagnosed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). This retrospective study included 51 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who had undergone both unenhanced and intravenous contrast-enhanced CT before R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, hydroxydaunorubicin, oncovin and prednisolone) chemo-immunotherapy. Presence of tumor necrosis was visually and quantitatively assessed at CT. Associations between tumor necrosis status at CT and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) International Prognostic Index (IPI) factors were assessed. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the prognostic impact of NCCN-IPI scores and tumor necrosis status at CT. There were no correlations between tumor necrosis status at CT and the NCCN-IPI factors categorized age (ρ=-0.042, P=0.765), categorized lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) ratio (ρ=0.201, P=0.156), extranodal disease in major organs (φ=-0.245, P=0.083), Ann Arbor stage III/IV disease (φ=-0.208, P=0.141), and Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status (φ=0.015, P=0.914). In the multivariate Cox proportional hazards model, only tumor necrosis status at CT was an independent predictive factor of progression-free survival (P=0.003) and overall survival (P=0.004). The findings of this study indicate the prognostic potential of tumor necrosis at CT in newly diagnosed DLBCL. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diffusion tensor imaging of hemispheric asymmetries in the developing brain.

PubMed

Wilde, Elisabeth A; McCauley, Stephen R; Chu, Zili; Hunter, Jill V; Bigler, Erin D; Yallampalli, Ragini; Wang, Zhiyue J; Hanten, Gerri; Li, Xiaoqi; Ramos, Marco A; Sabir, Sharjeel H; Vasquez, Ana C; Menefee, Deleene; Levin, Harvey S

2009-02-01

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was performed in 39 right-handed children to examine structural hemispheric differences and the impact of age, socioeconomic status, and sex on these differences. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were smaller in the left than in the right temporal, prefrontal, anterior internal capsular and the thalamic regions, and fractional anisotropy (FA) values were larger in the left than in the right internal capsule, thalamus, and cingulate. Significant region-by-sex interactions disclosed that the relation of DTI asymmetries to performance depended on sex including the relation of temporal lobes to reading comprehension and the relation of frontal lobes to solving applied mathematical problems.

IgV(H) and bcl6 somatic mutation analysis reveals the heterogeneity of cutaneous B-cell lymphoma, and indicates the presence of undisclosed local antigens.

PubMed

Franco, Renato; Camacho, Francisca I; Fernández-Vázquez, Amalia; Algara, Patrocinio; Rodríguez-Peralto, José L; De Rosa, Gaetano; Piris, Miguel A

2004-06-01

Our understanding of the ontology of B-cell lymphomas (BCL) has been improved by the study of mutational status of IgV(H) and bcl6 genes, but only a few cases of cutaneous BCL have been examined for this status. We analyzed IgV(H) and bcl6 somatic mutations in 10 cutaneous BCL, classified as follicular (three primary and one secondary), primary marginal zone (two cases), and diffuse large BCL (three primary and one secondary). We observed a lower rate (<2%) of IgV(H) mutation in all marginal zone lymphomas, and a preferential usage of V(H)2-70 (one primary follicular and two primary diffuse large BCL). Fewer than expected replacement mutations in framework regions (FR) were observed in three primary follicular lymphomas (FLs) and in all diffuse large BCL, indicating a negative antigen selection pressure. Ongoing mutations were observed in eight of 10 cases. Only two primary FLs and two diffuse large BCL showed bcl6 somatic mutation. These data support the heterogeneous nature of the different cutaneous BCL, and specifically the distinction between cutaneous follicular and marginal zone lymphomas. The biased usage of V(H)2-70, the low rate of replacement mutation in the FR, and the presence of ongoing mutation imply that local antigens could modulate the growth of primary cutaneous BCL.

Racial discrimination and racial socialization as predictors of African American adolescents' racial identity development using latent transition analysis.

PubMed

Seaton, Eleanor K; Yip, Tiffany; Morgan-Lopez, Antonio; Sellers, Robert M

2012-03-01

The present study examined perceptions of racial discrimination and racial socialization on racial identity development among 566 African American adolescents over 3 years. Latent class analyses were used to estimate identity statuses (Diffuse, Foreclosed, Moratorium, and Achieved). The probabilities of transitioning from one stage to another were examined with latent transition analyses to determine the likelihood of youth progressing, regressing, or remaining constant. Racial socialization and perceptions of racial discrimination were examined as covariates to assess the association with changes in racial identity status. The results indicated that perceptions of racial discrimination were not linked to any changes in racial identity. Youth who reported higher levels of racial socialization were less likely to be in Diffuse or Foreclosed compared with the Achieved group. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.

Prolonged Hypocalcemia Following a Single Dose of Denosumab for Diffuse Bone Metastasis of Gastric Cancer after Total Gastrectomy.

PubMed

Iizumi, Sakura; Shimoi, Tatsunori; Nishikawa, Tadaaki; Kitano, Atsuko; Sasada, Shinsuke; Shimomura, Akihiko; Noguchi, Emi; Yunokawa, Mayu; Yonemori, Kan; Shimizu, Chikako; Fujiwara, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Kenji

2017-11-01

Hypocalcemia is a significant adverse effect of denosumab. We herein report a case of prolonged hypocalcemia in a patient with multiple risk factors for hypocalcemia, including gastrectomy, increased bone turnover, and a poor performance status. Hypocalcemia developed after denosumab treatment for diffuse bone metastasis of gastric cancer, despite oral supplementation with vitamin D and calcium. To avoid serious prolonged hypocalcemia, a thorough assessment of the bone calcium metabolism is required before initiating denosumab treatment.

Prolonged Hypocalcemia Following a Single Dose of Denosumab for Diffuse Bone Metastasis of Gastric Cancer after Total Gastrectomy

PubMed Central

Iizumi, Sakura; Shimoi, Tatsunori; Nishikawa, Tadaaki; Kitano, Atsuko; Sasada, Shinsuke; Shimomura, Akihiko; Noguchi, Emi; Yunokawa, Mayu; Yonemori, Kan; Shimizu, Chikako; Fujiwara, Yasuhiro; Tamura, Kenji

2017-01-01

Hypocalcemia is a significant adverse effect of denosumab. We herein report a case of prolonged hypocalcemia in a patient with multiple risk factors for hypocalcemia, including gastrectomy, increased bone turnover, and a poor performance status. Hypocalcemia developed after denosumab treatment for diffuse bone metastasis of gastric cancer, despite oral supplementation with vitamin D and calcium. To avoid serious prolonged hypocalcemia, a thorough assessment of the bone calcium metabolism is required before initiating denosumab treatment. PMID:28943574

A deterministic Lagrangian particle separation-based method for advective-diffusion problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Ken T. M.; Lee, Joseph H. W.; Choi, K. W.

2008-12-01

A simple and robust Lagrangian particle scheme is proposed to solve the advective-diffusion transport problem. The scheme is based on relative diffusion concepts and simulates diffusion by regulating particle separation. This new approach generates a deterministic result and requires far less number of particles than the random walk method. For the advection process, particles are simply moved according to their velocity. The general scheme is mass conservative and is free from numerical diffusion. It can be applied to a wide variety of advective-diffusion problems, but is particularly suited for ecological and water quality modelling when definition of particle attributes (e.g., cell status for modelling algal blooms or red tides) is a necessity. The basic derivation, numerical stability and practical implementation of the NEighborhood Separation Technique (NEST) are presented. The accuracy of the method is demonstrated through a series of test cases which embrace realistic features of coastal environmental transport problems. Two field application examples on the tidal flushing of a fish farm and the dynamics of vertically migrating marine algae are also presented.

Relationship between cortex and pulvinar abnormalities on diffusion-weighted imaging in status epilepticus.

PubMed

Nakae, Yoshiharu; Kudo, Yosuke; Yamamoto, Ryoo; Dobashi, Yuichi; Kawabata, Yuichi; Ikeda, Shingo; Yokoyama, Mutsumi; Higashiyama, Yuichi; Doi, Hiroshi; Johkura, Ken; Tanaka, Fumiaki

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to analyze the pattern of magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) findings in status epilepticus in terms of clinical characteristics. Participants comprised 106 patients with status epilepticus who were admitted to our hospital and underwent DWI. Forty-five patients (42.5 %) showed abnormal findings on DWI and were divided into two groups, comprising 26 patients (24.5 %) with cortex lesions alone and 19 patients (17.9 %) with cortex and pulvinar lesions in the same hemisphere. A long duration of status epilepticus (>120 min) tended to be more prevalent among patients with cortex and pulvinar lesions (57.9 %) than among patients with cortex lesions alone (30.8 %) by univariate and multivariate analyses. Todd's palsy tended to be more frequent in patients with abnormalities on DWI (24/45, 53.3 %) than in patients with normal DWI (21/61, 34.4 %). Six of the 26 patients with cortex lesions alone (23.1 %) had taken anti-epileptic drugs before the attack compared to none of the 19 patients with both cortex and pulvinar lesions. The trend toward a longer duration of status epilepticus in patients with both cortex and pulvinar lesions favors a spreading pattern of seizure discharge from cortex to pulvinar via cortico-pulvinar pathways, and anti-epileptic drugs might, to some extent, prevent spreading of seizure discharge from cortex to pulvinar. In addition, existence of high-intensity areas on DWI at the onset of epilepsy may be a predictive factor for the occurrence of Todd's palsy.

The role of nailfold capillary dropout on mortality in systemic sclerosis.

PubMed

Tieu, Joanna; Hakendorf, Paul; Woodman, Richard J; Patterson, Karen; Walker, Jenny; Roberts-Thomson, Peter

2018-05-01

Semi-quantitative wide-field nailfold capillaroscopy (NFC) is a simple technique with proven utility in the early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Its role in prognosis, however, remains uncertain. To investigate the possible utility of NFC in predicting survival. Patients with SSc listed on the South Australian Scleroderma Register (SASR) with prior NFC performed at Flinders Medical Centre from 1991 to 2015 were included in this study. Baseline demographic data, diagnosis, scleroderma antibody status and mortality status were also collected for each patient. The cohort consisted of 99 patients with limited cutaneous SSc, 30 patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc and 23 with an overlap scleroderma syndrome. Fifty-six patients died during the period of study (censured end June 2015). Patients with diffuse scleroderma had significantly greater capillary dropout compared with limited and overlap scleroderma (P < 0.001). In univariate analysis, both capillary dropout scores (log-rank χ 2 = 8.75, P = 0.003) and antibody status (log-rank χ 2 = 13.94, P = 0.003) were associated with mortality. ANOVA showed a significant association between antibody status and capillary dropout (P < 0.001). In Cox regression, adjustment for capillary dropout attenuated the impact of autoantibody group on survival. Nailfold capillary dropout was significantly associated with mortality and the severity of dropout attenuates survival dictated by antibody status. Together these observations support the hypothesis that capillary dropout is on the causal pathway between induction of scleroderma associated autoantibodies and mortality. © 2018 Royal Australasian College of Physicians.

Preliminary study: Moisture-polymer interaction. Stuby objectives

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wen, L. C.

1985-01-01

The problems associated with mathematically modeling water-module interaction phenomena, including sorption and desorption, diffusion, and permeation are discussed. With reliable analytical models, an extensive materials data base, and solar radiation surface meteorological observations (SOLMET) weather data, predicting module lifetimes in realistic environments can become a practical reality. The status of the present techniques of simulating the various transport mechanisms was reported. The Dent model (a modified Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) approach represented polyvinyl butyral (PVB) sorption data. A 100-layer material model and Fick's diffusion model gave diffusivity values exhibiting adequate agreement with those measured for PVB. Diffusivity of PVB is concentration dependent, decreasing as the water content in PVB increases. The temperature dependence of diffusion in PVB is well modeled by the Arrhenius rate equation. Equilibrium conductivity and leakage current data are well represented by Hearle's model for bulk ionic conductivity. A nodal network analysis using the Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer (SINDA) Thermal Analyzer gave reasonable correlation with measurable data. It is concluded that realistic lifetime predictions seem to be feasible.

Additional Value of Diffusion-Weighted Imaging to Evaluate Prognostic Factors of Breast Cancer: Correlation with the Apparent Diffusion Coefficient.

PubMed

Park, Eun Kyung; Cho, Kyu Ran; Seo, Bo Kyoung; Woo, Ok Hee; Cho, Sung Bum; Bae, Jeoung Won

2016-01-01

Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease with diverse prognoses. The main prognostic determinants are lymph node status, tumor size, histological grade, and biological factors, such as hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67 protein levels, and p53 expression. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be used to measure the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) that provides information related to tumor cellularity and the integrity of the cell membranes. The goal of this study was to evaluate whether ADC measurements could provide information on the prognostic factors of breast cancer. A total of 71 women with invasive breast cancer, treated consecutively, who underwent preoperative breast MRIs with DWI at 3.0 Tesla and subsequent surgery, were prospectively included in this study. Each DWI was acquired with b values of 0 and 1000 s/mm(2). The mean ADC values of the lesions were measured, including the entire lesion on the three largest sections. We performed histopathological analyses for the tumor size, lymph node status, histological grade, hormone receptors, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), Ki-67, p53, and molecular subtypes. The associations with the ADC values and prognostic factors of breast cancer were evaluated using the independent-samples t test and the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). A low ADC value was associated with lymph node metastasis (P < 0.01) and with high Ki-67 protein levels (P = 0.03). There were no significant differences in the ADC values among the histological grade (P = 0.48), molecular subtype (P = 0.51), tumor size (P = 0.46), and p53 protein level (P = 0.62). The pre-operative use of the 3.0 Tesla DWI could provide information about the lymph node status and tumor proliferation for breast cancer patients, and could help determine the optimal treatment plan.

Clinical associations of white matter damage in cART-treated HIV-positive children in South Africa.

PubMed

Hoare, Jacqueline; Fouche, Jean-Paul; Phillips, Nicole; Joska, John A; Donald, Kirsten A; Thomas, Kevin; Stein, Dan J

2015-04-01

A range of factors contributes to white matter damage in vertically infected HIV-positive children. These may include combination antiretroviral treatment (cART) regimen, sociodemographic factors, nutritional-hematological status, HIV-relevant clinical variables, and cognitive functioning. We explored associations between a number of these factors and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures in 50 cART-treated children aged 6 to 15 years. Fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusion (MD), radial diffusion (RD), and axial diffusion (AD) were derived from 48 cerebral white matter regions. Significant associations between a number of the clinical variables and white matter integrity were found. Decreased FA, a measure of neuronal damage, was associated with being on second-line cART, low hemoglobin, and younger age. Children with increased MD, a measure of neuronal damage, were younger, had reduced albumin and hemoglobin, and increased viral load. Decreased AD, a measure of axonal damage, was associated with increased viral load and total protein, decreased albumin and hemoglobin, younger age, poorer fronto-striatal cognition, and being on second-line cART. Increased RD, a measure of myelin loss, was associated with younger age, low current CD4 count, low albumin and hemoglobin, and higher viral load and total protein. The current findings underline the possible association of first-line treatment failure with white matter brain dysfunction in pediatric neuroHIV and the importance of examining the effects of HIV disease in the context of treatable clinical variables such as anemia and nutritional status.

Traumatic head injury mimicking acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion.

PubMed

Inoue, Hirofumi; Hasegawa, Shunji; Kajimoto, Madoka; Matsushige, Takeshi; Ichiyama, Takashi

2014-10-01

Many studies have reported acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) associated with viral infection at onset, but few studies have reported AESD without infection. We report the case of a 9-month-old boy who had a clinical course mimicking AESD after a traffic accident. The traffic accident caused a mild subdural hematoma without neurological abnormalities on admission. The boy became unconscious on the second day, and he was diagnosed with non-convulsive status epilepticus on the third day. Diffusion-weighted imaging showed reduced water diffusion in the subcortical white matter. On laboratory analysis interleukin (IL)-6 was elevated in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), but not in the serum. He had severe neurological sequelae with mental retardation, spastic tetraplegia, and epilepsy. We suggest that brain damage mimicking AESD was caused by the traffic accident and the prolonged seizure during infancy. © 2014 Japan Pediatric Society.

Absence of IDH1-R132H mutation predicts rapid progression of nonenhancing diffuse glioma in older adults.

PubMed

Olar, Adriana; Raghunathan, Aditya; Albarracin, Constance T; Aldape, Kenneth D; Cahill, Daniel P; Powell, Suzanne Z; Goodman, J Clay; Fuller, Gregory N

2012-06-01

Advanced age and contrast enhancement portend a poor prognosis in diffuse glioma (DG). Diffuse glioma may present as nonenhancing tumors that rapidly progress in weeks to months to a pattern of ring enhancement, characteristic of glioblastoma (GBM). Mutations involving isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) have recently emerged as important diagnostic and prognostic markers in DG. R132H is the most common mutation, expressed in more than 80% of DG and secondary GBM but in less than 10% of primary GBM. Adults older than 50 years with nonenhancing, rapidly progressing DG were identified. A comparison group comprised randomly selected, age-matched patients with nonenhancing, nonprogressing DG. Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 status was evaluated using anti-IDH1-R132H antibodies (Dianova, Hamburg, Germany). The results were correlated with the clinical outcomes. We identified 4 patients who presented with nonenhancing DG that rapidly progressed to ring-enhancing lesions that were subsequently diagnosed on surgical resection as GBM. This group showed absent IDH1-R132H expression, which is characteristic of primary GBM. The comparison group of 5 patients presented with nonenhancing, nonprogressing DG, and all 5 tumors showed IDH1-R132H expression. In conclusion, negative IDH1-R132H mutation status in nonenhancing DG of older adults is a poor prognostic factor associated with rapid progression to ring-enhancing GBM. The shorter interval of progression and negative IDH1-R132H mutation status suggest a similar molecular pathway as seen in primary GBM. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Host Status of Different Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Varieties and Hatching in Root Diffusates of Globodera ellingtonae

PubMed Central

Zasada, Inga A.; Peetz, Amy; Wade, Nadine; Navarre, Roy A.; Ingham, Russ E.

2013-01-01

Globodera ellingtonae was detected in Oregon in 2008. In order to make decisions regarding the regulation of this nematode, knowledge of its biology is required. We determined the host status of a diversity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties in soil-based experiments and identified hatching stimulants in in vitro hatching assays. ‘Russet Burbank,’ ‘Desiree,’ ‘Modac,’ ‘Norland,’ ‘Umatilla,’ and ‘Yukon Gold’ were good hosts (RF > 14) for G. ellingtonae. Potato varieties ‘Maris Piper,’ ‘Atlantic,’ and ‘Satina,’ all which contain the Ro1 gene that confers resistance to G. rostochiensis, were not hosts for G. ellingtonae. In in vitro hatching assays, G. ellingtonae hatched readily in the presence of diffusates from potato (PRD) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum; TRD). Egg hatch occurred in an average of between 87% and 90% of exposed cysts, with an average of between 144 and 164 juveniles emerging per cyst, from PRD- and TRD-treated cysts, respectively. This nematode hatched rapidly in the presence of PRD and TRD, with at least 66% of total hatch occurring by day 3 of exposure. There was no dose-response of egg hatch to concentrations of PRD or TRD ranging from 1:5 to 1:100 diffusate to water. When G. ellingtonae was exposed to root diffusates from 21 different plants, hatch occurred in 0% to 70% of exposed cysts, with an average of between 0 to 27 juveniles emerging per cyst. When root diffusate-exposed cysts were subsequently transferred to PRD to test viability, root diffusates from arugula (Eruca sativa), sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii), and common vetch (Vicia sativa) continued to inhibit egg hatch compared with the other root diffusates or water in which hatch occurred readily (60 to 182 juveniles emerging per cyst). Previously known hatching stimulants of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, sodium metavanadate, sodium orthovanadate, and sodium thiocyanate, stimulated some egg hatch. Although, Globodera ellingtonae hatched readily in PRD and TRD and reproduced on potato, the pathogenicity of this nematode on potato remains to be determined. PMID:24115784

Host Status of Different Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Varieties and Hatching in Root Diffusates of Globodera ellingtonae.

PubMed

Zasada, Inga A; Peetz, Amy; Wade, Nadine; Navarre, Roy A; Ingham, Russ E

2013-09-01

Globodera ellingtonae was detected in Oregon in 2008. In order to make decisions regarding the regulation of this nematode, knowledge of its biology is required. We determined the host status of a diversity of potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties in soil-based experiments and identified hatching stimulants in in vitro hatching assays. 'Russet Burbank,' 'Desiree,' 'Modac,' 'Norland,' 'Umatilla,' and 'Yukon Gold' were good hosts (RF > 14) for G. ellingtonae. Potato varieties 'Maris Piper,' 'Atlantic,' and 'Satina,' all which contain the Ro1 gene that confers resistance to G. rostochiensis, were not hosts for G. ellingtonae. In in vitro hatching assays, G. ellingtonae hatched readily in the presence of diffusates from potato (PRD) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum; TRD). Egg hatch occurred in an average of between 87% and 90% of exposed cysts, with an average of between 144 and 164 juveniles emerging per cyst, from PRD- and TRD-treated cysts, respectively. This nematode hatched rapidly in the presence of PRD and TRD, with at least 66% of total hatch occurring by day 3 of exposure. There was no dose-response of egg hatch to concentrations of PRD or TRD ranging from 1:5 to 1:100 diffusate to water. When G. ellingtonae was exposed to root diffusates from 21 different plants, hatch occurred in 0% to 70% of exposed cysts, with an average of between 0 to 27 juveniles emerging per cyst. When root diffusate-exposed cysts were subsequently transferred to PRD to test viability, root diffusates from arugula (Eruca sativa), sudangrass (Sorghum bicolor subsp. drummondii), and common vetch (Vicia sativa) continued to inhibit egg hatch compared with the other root diffusates or water in which hatch occurred readily (60 to 182 juveniles emerging per cyst). Previously known hatching stimulants of G. rostochiensis and G. pallida, sodium metavanadate, sodium orthovanadate, and sodium thiocyanate, stimulated some egg hatch. Although, Globodera ellingtonae hatched readily in PRD and TRD and reproduced on potato, the pathogenicity of this nematode on potato remains to be determined.

White matter microstructural alterations in clinically isolated syndrome and multiple sclerosis.

PubMed

Huang, Jing; Liu, Yaou; Zhao, Tengda; Shu, Ni; Duan, Yunyun; Ren, Zhuoqiong; Sun, Zheng; Liu, Zheng; Chen, Hai; Dong, Huiqing; Li, Kuncheng

2018-07-01

This study aims to determine whether and how diffusion alteration occurs in the earliest stage of multiple sclerosis (MS) and the differences in diffusion metrics between CIS and MS by using the tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) method based on diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Thirty-six CIS patients (mean age ± SD: 34.0 years ± 12.6), 36 relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) patients (mean age ± SD: 35.0 years ± 9.4) and 36 age- and gender-matched normal controls (NCs) were included in this study. Voxel-wise analyses were performed with TBSS using multiple diffusion metrics, including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (λ 1 ) and radial diffusivity (λ 23 ). In the CIS patients, TBSS analyses revealed diffusion alterations in a few white matter (WM) regions including the anterior thalamic radiation, corticospinal tract, inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus, superior longitudinal fasciculus, body and splenium of the corpus callosum, internal capsule, external capsule, and cerebral peduncle. MS patients showed more widespread diffusion changes (decreased FA, increased λ 1 , λ 23 and MD) than CIS. Exploratory analyses also revealed the possible associations between WM diffusion metrics and clinical variables (Expanded Disability Status Scale and disease duration) in the patients. This study provided imaging evidence for DTI abnormalities in CIS and MS and suggested that DTI can improve our knowledge of the path physiology of CIS and MS and clinical progression. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Status report on CIP/CUP progress

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Larkin, W.J.

1975-01-01

Work on the Cascade Improvement Program (CIP) and the Cascade Uprating Program (CUP) continues basically on schedule. When completed the productive capability of the gaseous diffusion facilities at Paducah, Oak Ridge, and Portsmouth will be increased by 60 percent. (JGB)

Transport properties of gases and binary liquids near the critical point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sengers, J. V.

1972-01-01

A status report is presented on the anomalies observed in the behavior of transport properties near the critical point of gases and binary liquids. The shear viscosity exhibits a weak singularity near the critical point. An analysis is made of the experimental data for those transport properties, thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity near the gas-liquid critical point and binary diffusion coefficient near the critical mixing point, that determine the critical slowing down of the thermodynamic fluctuations in the order parameter. The asymptotic behavior of the thermal conductivity appears to be closely related to the asymptotic behavior of the correlation length. The experimental data for the thermal conductivity and diffusivity are shown to be in substantial agreement with current theoretical predictions.

A comprehensive review of paediatric low-grade diffuse glioma: pathology, molecular genetics and treatment.

PubMed

Ryall, Scott; Tabori, Uri; Hawkins, Cynthia

2017-04-01

Gliomas are the most common central nervous system neoplasms affecting children and can be both high- and low-grade. Paediatric low-grade glioma may be either World Health Organization grade I or grade II. Despite being classified as grade II diffuse astrocytoma, these neoplasms arising in children are distinct clinically and molecularly from their adult counterparts. They do not tend to progress to higher grade lesions and only rarely harbour an IDH mutation. Here, we review the clinical, histologic and molecular features of paediatric grade II diffuse glioma, highlighting their diagnostic criteria, prevalence across brain locations, their most common molecular features and how to test for them, and lastly the current status of therapeutic options available for their treatment.

Turning brownfields into greenspaces: examining incentives and barriers to revitalization.

PubMed

Siikamäki, Juha; Wernstedt, Kris

2008-06-01

This study employs interviews, document review, and a national survey of local government officials to investigate the factors that influence the success of efforts to convert underutilized contaminated properties into greenspace. We find that the presence of contamination continues to be a concern despite federal and state efforts to ease liability fears but also that site and project features can overcome this hurdle. In particular, jurisdictions appear more likely to convert distressed properties into greenspace if recreational parks, rather than open space, are planned, sites are already owned rather than available only through tax foreclosure, and the state is perceived as being supportive of the conversion. In addition, mixed public-private funding and site locations in residential areas are more likely to attract community support for conversion projects.

Hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome: characteristic early magnetic resonance imaging findings.

PubMed

Freeman, Jeremy L; Coleman, Lee T; Smith, Lindsay J; Shield, Lloyd K

2002-01-01

We report three patients with hemiconvulsion-hemiplegia-epilepsy syndrome who presented acutely and were shown to have striking neuroimaging findings suggestive of diffuse cytotoxic edema confined to one hemisphere, including extensive diffusion-weighted imaging abnormalities in two cases. Two patients subsequently developed progressive and extensive atrophy of the involved hemisphere. These findings are consistent with earlier descriptions of the classic neuroradiologic features of this syndrome and are helpful in the differential diagnosis of acute infantile hemiplegia. Further, the findings support the previously proposed pathogenetic mechanism of neuronal injury caused by status epilepticus.

A radio-aware routing algorithm for reliable directed diffusion in lossy wireless sensor networks.

PubMed

Kim, Yong-Pyo; Jung, Euihyun; Park, Yong-Jin

2009-01-01

In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), transmission errors occur frequently due to node failure, battery discharge, contention or interference by objects. Although Directed Diffusion has been considered as a prominent data-centric routing algorithm, it has some weaknesses due to unexpected network errors. In order to address these problems, we proposed a radio-aware routing algorithm to improve the reliability of Directed Diffusion in lossy WSNs. The proposed algorithm is aware of the network status based on the radio information from MAC and PHY layers using a cross-layer design. The cross-layer design can be used to get detailed information about current status of wireless network such as a link quality or transmission errors of communication links. The radio information indicating variant network conditions and link quality was used to determine an alternative route that provides reliable data transmission under lossy WSNs. According to the simulation result, the radio-aware reliable routing algorithm showed better performance in both grid and random topologies with various error rates. The proposed solution suggested the possibility of providing a reliable transmission method for QoS requests in lossy WSNs based on the radio-awareness. The energy and mobility issues will be addressed in the future work.

The Relationship Between Ego Identity, Personal Responsibility, and Facilitative Communication

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neuber, Keith; Genthner, Robert

1977-01-01

Provides empirical evidence supporting Erikson's postulation of two ego identity status groups (identity achievement and identity diffusion). Shows that persons high in ego identity development demonstrate higher levels of intrapersonal and interpersonal psychological adjustment than persons low in ego identity. (RL)

Social and diagnostic inequality in health.

PubMed

Bringedal, Berit; Tufte, Per Arne

2012-11-01

Empirical studies of social inequalities in health commonly take the diagnosing of disease for granted. Social inequalities in health are seen as the result of social processes, yet the diagnosis itself is rarely considered to contribute to such inequality. We argue that the influence of sociocultural and cognitive bias in the diagnosing process follows a social pattern, such that certain diagnoses are disproportionally over- or underrepresented in different socioeconomic groups due to interpretive bias of underlying symptoms. Norwegian data on sick leave for diffuse musculoskeletal and diffuse psychiatric disease in 2006 were analysed to study the distribution of the two diagnoses in different status groups. Socioeconomic status was measured by years of education. Diagnoses and occupational codes were based on national registers; diagnoses in accordance with the International Classification of Primary Care second edition. We compared occupations in technical sectors to occupations in the health sector and the relative number of cases of sick leave controlled for years of education, gender, occupational sector, and diagnosis. Data were analysed by cross-tabulation, ratio of diffuse psychiatric/musculoskeletal diseases, and logistic regression. The ratio of diffuse psychiatric/musculoskeletal diseases increases with education and decreases if the employee works in a technical job. The results challenge the traditional explanation that job features alone can explain the distribution of disease and suggest that a part of the persistent social inequality in health can be caused by the diagnosing process. In order to reach a better understanding of the processes behind the social inequalities in health, the diagnosing process itself should also be studied.

Exposure to benevolent sexism and complementary gender stereotypes: consequences for specific and diffuse forms of system justification.

PubMed

Jost, John T; Kay, Aaron C

2005-03-01

Many have suggested that complementary gender stereotypes of men as agentic (but not communal) and women as communal (but not agentic) serve to increase system justification, but direct experimental support has been lacking. The authors exposed people to specific types of gender-related beliefs and subsequently asked them to complete measures of gender-specific or diffuse system justification. In Studies 1 and 2, activating (a) communal or complementary (communal + agentic) gender stereotypes or (b) benevolent or complementary (benevolent + hostile) sexist items increased support for the status quo among women. In Study 3, activating stereotypes of men as agentic also increased system justification among men and women, but only when women's characteristics were associated with higher status. Results suggest that complementary stereotypes psychologically offset the one-sided advantage of any single group and contribute to an image of society in which everyone benefits through a balanced dispersion of benefits. ((c) 2005 APA, all rights reserved).

Mapping of ApoE4 related white matter damage using diffusion MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsao, Sinchai; Gajawelli, Niharika; Hwang, Darryl H.; Kriger, Stephen; Law, Meng; Chui, Helena; Weiner, Michael; Lepore, Natasha

2014-04-01

ApoliopoproteinE Ɛ4 (ApoE-Ɛ4) polymorphism is the most well known genetic risk factor for developing Alzheimers Disease. The exact mechanism through which ApoE 4 increases AD risk is not fully known, but may be related to decreased clearance and increased oligomerization of Aβ. By making measurements of white matter integrity via diffusion MR and correlating the metrics in a voxel-based statistical analysis with ApoE-Ɛ4 genotype (whilst controlling for vascular risk factor, gender, cognitive status and age) we are able to identify changes in white matter associated with carrying an ApoE Ɛ4 allele. We found potentially significant regions (Puncorrected < 0:05) near the hippocampus and the posterior cingulum that were independent of voxels that correlated with age or clinical dementia rating (CDR) status suggesting that ApoE may affect cognitive decline via a pathway in dependent of normal aging and acute insults that can be measured by CDR and Framingham Coronary Risk Score (FCRS).

Molecular Profiling Reveals Biologically Discrete Subsets and Pathways of Progression in Diffuse Glioma.

PubMed

Ceccarelli, Michele; Barthel, Floris P; Malta, Tathiane M; Sabedot, Thais S; Salama, Sofie R; Murray, Bradley A; Morozova, Olena; Newton, Yulia; Radenbaugh, Amie; Pagnotta, Stefano M; Anjum, Samreen; Wang, Jiguang; Manyam, Ganiraju; Zoppoli, Pietro; Ling, Shiyun; Rao, Arjun A; Grifford, Mia; Cherniack, Andrew D; Zhang, Hailei; Poisson, Laila; Carlotti, Carlos Gilberto; Tirapelli, Daniela Pretti da Cunha; Rao, Arvind; Mikkelsen, Tom; Lau, Ching C; Yung, W K Alfred; Rabadan, Raul; Huse, Jason; Brat, Daniel J; Lehman, Norman L; Barnholtz-Sloan, Jill S; Zheng, Siyuan; Hess, Kenneth; Rao, Ganesh; Meyerson, Matthew; Beroukhim, Rameen; Cooper, Lee; Akbani, Rehan; Wrensch, Margaret; Haussler, David; Aldape, Kenneth D; Laird, Peter W; Gutmann, David H; Noushmehr, Houtan; Iavarone, Antonio; Verhaak, Roel G W

2016-01-28

Therapy development for adult diffuse glioma is hindered by incomplete knowledge of somatic glioma driving alterations and suboptimal disease classification. We defined the complete set of genes associated with 1,122 diffuse grade II-III-IV gliomas from The Cancer Genome Atlas and used molecular profiles to improve disease classification, identify molecular correlations, and provide insights into the progression from low- to high-grade disease. Whole-genome sequencing data analysis determined that ATRX but not TERT promoter mutations are associated with increased telomere length. Recent advances in glioma classification based on IDH mutation and 1p/19q co-deletion status were recapitulated through analysis of DNA methylation profiles, which identified clinically relevant molecular subsets. A subtype of IDH mutant glioma was associated with DNA demethylation and poor outcome; a group of IDH-wild-type diffuse glioma showed molecular similarity to pilocytic astrocytoma and relatively favorable survival. Understanding of cohesive disease groups may aid improved clinical outcomes. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rapid innovation diffusion in social networks.

PubMed

Kreindler, Gabriel E; Young, H Peyton

2014-07-22

Social and technological innovations often spread through social networks as people respond to what their neighbors are doing. Previous research has identified specific network structures, such as local clustering, that promote rapid diffusion. Here we derive bounds that are independent of network structure and size, such that diffusion is fast whenever the payoff gain from the innovation is sufficiently high and the agents' responses are sufficiently noisy. We also provide a simple method for computing an upper bound on the expected time it takes for the innovation to become established in any finite network. For example, if agents choose log-linear responses to what their neighbors are doing, it takes on average less than 80 revision periods for the innovation to diffuse widely in any network, provided that the error rate is at least 5% and the payoff gain (relative to the status quo) is at least 150%. Qualitatively similar results hold for other smoothed best-response functions and populations that experience heterogeneous payoff shocks.

Rapid innovation diffusion in social networks

PubMed Central

Kreindler, Gabriel E.; Young, H. Peyton

2014-01-01

Social and technological innovations often spread through social networks as people respond to what their neighbors are doing. Previous research has identified specific network structures, such as local clustering, that promote rapid diffusion. Here we derive bounds that are independent of network structure and size, such that diffusion is fast whenever the payoff gain from the innovation is sufficiently high and the agents’ responses are sufficiently noisy. We also provide a simple method for computing an upper bound on the expected time it takes for the innovation to become established in any finite network. For example, if agents choose log-linear responses to what their neighbors are doing, it takes on average less than 80 revision periods for the innovation to diffuse widely in any network, provided that the error rate is at least 5% and the payoff gain (relative to the status quo) is at least 150%. Qualitatively similar results hold for other smoothed best-response functions and populations that experience heterogeneous payoff shocks. PMID:25024191

Decreased apparent diffusion coefficient in the pituitary and correlation with hypopituitarism in patients with traumatic brain injury.

PubMed

Zheng, Ping; He, Bin; Guo, Yijun; Zeng, Jingsong; Tong, Wusong

2015-07-01

The relationship between microstructural abnormality in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and hormone-secreting status remains unknown. In this study, the authors aimed to identify the role of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) using a diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) technique and to evaluate the association of such changes with hypopituitarism in patients with TBI. Diffusion-weighted images were obtained in 164 consecutive patients with TBI within 2 weeks after injury to generate the pituitary ADC as a measure of microstructural change. Patients with TBI were further grouped into those with and those without hypopituitarism based on the secretion status of pituitary hormones at 6 months postinjury. Thirty healthy individuals were enrolled in the study and underwent MRI examinations for comparison. Mean ADC values were compared between this control group, the patients with TBI and hypopituitarism, and the patients with TBI without hypopituitarism; correlational studies were also performed. Neurological outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) for all TBI patients 6 months postinjury. In the TBI group, 84 patients had hypopituitarism and 80 had normal pituitary function. The pituitary ADC in TBI patients was significantly less than that in controls (1.83 ± 0.16 vs 4.13 ± 0.33, p < 0.01). Furthermore, the mean ADC was much lower in TBI patients with hypopituitarism than in those without pituitary dysfunction (1.32 ± 0.09 vs 2.28 ± 0.17, p < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in ADC values between patients with hyperprolactinemia and those with normal prolactin levels (p < 0.05). Additionally, the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the pituitary ADC could predict hypopituitarism with a sensitivity of 90.0% and a specificity of 90.1% at the level of 1.720 (ADC value). Finally, the ADC value was positively correlated with neurological outcome at 6 months following TBI (r = 0.602, p < 0.05). Use of DWI demonstrated that the pituitary ADC is correlated with hormone-secreting status in TBI patients. The authors suggest that pituitary ADC may be a useful biomarker to predict pituitary function in patients with TBI.

Soot Formation in Hydrocarbon/Air Laminar Jet Diffusion Flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sunderland, P. B.; Faeth, G. M.

1994-01-01

Soot processes within hydrocarbon/air diffusion flames are important because they affect the durability and performance of propulsion systems, the hazards of unwanted fires, the pollutant and particulate emissions from combustion processes, and the potential for developing computational combustion. Motivated by these observations, this investigation involved an experimental study of the structure and soot properties of round laminar jet diffusion flames, seeking an improved understanding of soot formation (growth and nucleation) within diffusion flames. The present study extends earlier work in this laboratory concerning laminar smoke points (l) and soot formation in acetylene/air laminar jet diffusion flames (2), emphasizing soot formation in hydrocarbon/air laminar jet diffusion flames for fuels other than acetylene. In the flame system, acetylene is the dominant gas species in the soot formation region and both nucleation and growth were successfully attributed to first-order reactions of acetylene, with nucleation exhibiting an activation energy of 32 kcal/gmol while growth involved negligible activation energy and a collision efficiency of O.53%. In addition, soot growth in the acetylene diffusion flames was comparable to new soot in premixed flame (which also has been attributed to first-order acetylene reactions). In view of this status, a major issue is the nature of soot formation processes in diffusion flame involving hydrocarbon fuels other than acetylene. In particular, information is needed about th dominant gas species in the soot formation region and the impact of gas species other than acetylene on soot nucleation and growth.

Double-hit or dual expression of MYC and BCL2 in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphomas.

PubMed

Menguy, Sarah; Frison, Eric; Prochazkova-Carlotti, Martina; Dalle, Stephane; Dereure, Olivier; Boulinguez, Serge; Dalac, Sophie; Machet, Laurent; Ram-Wolff, Caroline; Verneuil, Laurence; Gros, Audrey; Vergier, Béatrice; Beylot-Barry, Marie; Merlio, Jean-Philippe; Pham-Ledard, Anne

2018-03-26

In nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, the search for double-hit with MYC and BCL2 and/or BCL6 rearrangements or for dual expression of BCL2 and MYC defines subgroups of patients with altered prognosis that has not been evaluated in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma. Our objectives were to assess the double-hit and dual expressor status in a cohort of 44 patients with primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma according to the histological subtype and to evaluate their prognosis relevance. The 44 cases defined by the presence of more than 80% of large B-cells in the dermis corresponded to 21 primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma with large cell morphology and 23 primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type. Thirty-one cases (70%) expressed BCL2 and 29 (66%) expressed MYC. Dual expressor profile was observed in 25 cases (57%) of either subtypes (n = 6 or n = 19, respectively). Only one primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma, large-cell case had a double-hit status (2%). Specific survival was significantly worse in primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type than in primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma, large cell (p = 0.021) and for the dual expressor primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma group (p = 0.030). Both overall survival and specific survival were worse for patients belonging to the dual expressor primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type subgroup (p = 0.001 and p = 0.046, respectively). Expression of either MYC and/or BCL2 negatively impacted overall survival (p = 0.017 and p = 0.018 respectively). As the differential diagnosis between primary cutaneous follicle centre lymphoma, large cell and primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type has a major impact on prognosis, dual-expression of BCL2 and MYC may represent a new diagnostic criterion for primary cutaneous diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, leg type subtype and further identifies patients with impaired survival. Finally, the double-hit assessment does not appear clinically relevant in primary cutaneous large B-cell lymphoma.

Diffusion tensor MRI shows progressive changes in the hippocampus and dentate gyrus after status epilepticus in rat - histological validation with Fourier-based analysis.

PubMed

Salo, Raimo A; Miettinen, Tuukka; Laitinen, Teemu; Gröhn, Olli; Sierra, Alejandra

2017-05-15

Imaging markers for monitoring disease progression, recovery, and treatment efficacy are a major unmet need for many neurological diseases, including epilepsy. Recent evidence suggests that diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) provides high microstructural contrast even outside major white matter tracts. We hypothesized that in vivo DTI could detect progressive microstructural changes in the dentate gyrus and the hippocampal CA3bc in the rat brain after status epilepticus (SE). To test this hypothesis, we induced SE with systemic kainic acid or pilocarpine in adult male Wistar rats and subsequently scanned them using in vivo DTI at five time-points: prior to SE, and 10, 20, 34, and 79 days post SE. In order to tie the DTI findings to changes in the tissue microstructure, myelin- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-stained sections from the same animals underwent Fourier analysis. We compared the Fourier analysis parameters, anisotropy index and angle of myelinated axons or astrocyte processes, to corresponding DTI parameters, fractional anisotropy (FA) and the orientation angle of the principal eigenvector. We found progressive detectable changes in DTI parameters in both the dentate gyrus (FA, axial diffusivity [D || ], linear anisotropy [CL] and spherical anisotropy [CS], p<0.001, linear mixed-effects model [LMEM]) and the CA3bc (FA, D || , CS, and angle, p<0.001, LMEM; CL and planar anisotropy [CP], p<0.01, LMEM) post SE. The Fourier analysis revealed that both myelinated axons and astrocyte processes played a role in the water diffusion anisotropy changes detected by DTI in individual portions of the dentate gyrus (suprapyramidal blade, mid-portion, and infrapyramidal blade). In the whole dentate gyrus, myelinated axons markedly contributed to the water diffusion changes. In CA3bc as well as in CA3b and CA3c, both myelinated axons and astrocyte processes contributed to water diffusion anisotropy and orientation. Our study revealed that DTI is a promising method for noninvasive detection of microstructural alterations in the hippocampus proper. These alterations may be potential imaging markers for epileptogenesis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Retrofitting Las Vegas. Implementing Energy Efficiency in Two Las Vegas Test Homes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Puttagunta, S.

2013-04-01

In 2009, the state of Nevada received nearly $40 million in Neighborhood Stabilization Funds from the Department of Housing and Urban Development to use to stabilize communities that have suffered from foreclosures and abandonment. In order to provide guidance to local officials and maximize how effectively this NSP funding is used in retrofitting homes, the CARB team provided design specifications, energy modeling, and technical support for the BARA team and its local partners—Better Building Performance, Nevada Energy Star Partners Green Alliance, and Home Free Nevada—for two retrofit test homes. One home demonstrated a modest retrofit and the other a deepmore » energy retrofit. This report describes the retrofit packages, which were used as an educational experience for home performance professionals, building trades, remodelers, and the general public.« less

Shades of white: diffusion properties of T1- and FLAIR-defined white matter signal abnormalities differ in stages from cognitively normal to dementia.

PubMed

Riphagen, Joost M; Gronenschild, Ed H B M; Salat, David H; Freeze, Whitney M; Ivanov, Dimo; Clerx, Lies; Verhey, Frans R J; Aalten, Pauline; Jacobs, Heidi I L

2018-08-01

The underlying pathology of white matter signal abnormalities (WMSAs) is heterogeneous and may vary dependent on the magnetic resonance imaging contrast used to define them. We investigated differences in white matter diffusivity as an indicator for white matter integrity underlying WMSA based on T1-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging contrast. In addition, we investigated which white matter region of interest (ROI) could predict clinical diagnosis best using diffusion metrics. One hundred three older individuals with varying cognitive impairment levels were included and underwent neuroimaging. Diffusion metrics were extracted from WMSA areas based on T1 and FLAIR contrast and from their overlapping areas, the border surrounding the WMSA and the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM). Regional diffusivity differences were calculated with linear mixed effects models. Multinomial logistic regression determined which ROI diffusion values classified individuals best into clinically defined diagnostic groups. T1-based WMSA showed lower white matter integrity compared to FLAIR WMSA-defined regions. Diffusion values of NAWM predicted diagnostic group best compared to other ROI's. To conclude, T1- or FLAIR-defined WMSA provides distinct information on the underlying white matter integrity associated with cognitive decline. Importantly, not the "diseased" but the NAWM is a potentially sensitive indicator for cognitive brain health status. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Acute hepatic encephalopathy presenting as cortical laminar necrosis: case report.

PubMed

Choi, Jong Mun; Kim, Yoon Hee; Roh, Sook Young

2013-01-01

We report on a 55-year-old man with alcoholic liver cirrhosis who presented with status epilepticus. Laboratory analysis showed markedly elevated blood ammonia. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed widespread cortical signal changes with restricted diffusion, involving both temporo-fronto-parietal cortex, while the perirolandic regions and occipital cortex were uniquely spared. A follow-up brain MRI demonstrated diffuse cortical atrophy with increased signals on T1-weighted images in both the basal ganglia and temporal lobe cortex, representing cortical laminar necrosis. We suggest that the brain lesions, in our case, represent a consequence of toxic effect of ammonia.

Is seborrhoeic dermatitis associated with a diffuse, low-grade folliculitis and progressive cicatricial alopecia?

PubMed

Pitney, Lucy; Weedon, David; Pitney, Michael

2016-08-01

An association between adult scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis and cicatricial hair loss has not previously been convincingly established. This study seeks to demonstrate a unique relationship between a clinically identifiable chronic scalp dermatitis-folliculitis with the characteristic histological features of low-grade inflammatory fibrosing alopecia, resulting in a distinctive progressive cicatricial alopecia which we believe is prevalent and hitherto unrecognised, and befits the description of seborrhoeic folliculitis. The clinical, epidemiological and histopathological features of seborrhoeic folliculitis are demonstrated to establish its unique status among the disorders of adult diffuse cicatricial alopecia. © 2015 The Australasian College of Dermatologists.

The effects of puberty on white matter development in boys.

PubMed

Menzies, Lara; Goddings, Anne-Lise; Whitaker, Kirstie J; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne; Viner, Russell M

2015-02-01

Neuroimaging studies demonstrate considerable changes in white matter volume and microstructure during adolescence. Most studies have focused on age-related effects, whilst puberty-related changes are not well understood. Using diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics, we investigated the effects of pubertal status on white matter mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in 61 males aged 12.7-16.0 years. Participants were grouped into early-mid puberty (≤Tanner Stage 3 in pubic hair and gonadal development; n=22) and late-post puberty (≥Tanner Stage 4 in pubic hair or gonadal development; n=39). Salivary levels of pubertal hormones (testosterone, DHEA and oestradiol) were also measured. Pubertal stage was significantly related to MD in diverse white matter regions. No relationship was observed between pubertal status and FA. Regression modelling of MD in the significant regions demonstrated that an interaction model incorporating puberty, age and puberty×age best explained our findings. In addition, testosterone was correlated with MD in these pubertally significant regions. No relationship was observed between oestradiol or DHEA and MD. In conclusion, pubertal status was significantly related to MD, but not FA, and this relationship cannot be explained by changes in chronological age alone. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

The effects of puberty on white matter development in boys

PubMed Central

Menzies, Lara; Goddings, Anne-Lise; Whitaker, Kirstie J.; Blakemore, Sarah-Jayne; Viner, Russell M.

2015-01-01

Neuroimaging studies demonstrate considerable changes in white matter volume and microstructure during adolescence. Most studies have focused on age-related effects, whilst puberty-related changes are not well understood. Using diffusion tensor imaging and tract-based spatial statistics, we investigated the effects of pubertal status on white matter mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) in 61 males aged 12.7–16.0 years. Participants were grouped into early-mid puberty (≤Tanner Stage 3 in pubic hair and gonadal development; n = 22) and late-post puberty (≥Tanner Stage 4 in pubic hair or gonadal development; n = 39). Salivary levels of pubertal hormones (testosterone, DHEA and oestradiol) were also measured. Pubertal stage was significantly related to MD in diverse white matter regions. No relationship was observed between pubertal status and FA. Regression modelling of MD in the significant regions demonstrated that an interaction model incorporating puberty, age and puberty × age best explained our findings. In addition, testosterone was correlated with MD in these pubertally significant regions. No relationship was observed between oestradiol or DHEA and MD. In conclusion, pubertal status was significantly related to MD, but not FA, and this relationship cannot be explained by changes in chronological age alone. PMID:25454416

Serial MR diffusion to predict treatment response in high-grade pediatric brain tumors: a comparison of regional and voxel-based diffusion change metrics

PubMed Central

Rodriguez Gutierrez, Daniel; Manita, Muftah; Jaspan, Tim; Dineen, Robert A.; Grundy, Richard G.; Auer, Dorothee P.

2013-01-01

Background Assessment of treatment response by measuring tumor size is known to be a late and potentially confounded response index. Serial diffusion MRI has shown potential for allowing earlier and possibly more reliable response assessment in adult patients, with limited experience in clinical settings and in pediatric brain cancer. We present a retrospective study of clinical MRI data in children with high-grade brain tumors to assess and compare the values of several diffusion change metrics to predict treatment response. Methods Eighteen patients (age range, 1.9–20.6 years) with high-grade brain tumors and serial diffusion MRI (pre- and posttreatment interval range, 1–16 weeks posttreatment) were identified after obtaining parental consent. The following diffusion change metrics were compared with the clinical response status assessed at 6 months: (1) regional change in absolute and normalized apparent diffusivity coefficient (ADC), (2) voxel-based fractional volume of increased (fiADC) and decreased ADC (fdADC), and (3) a new metric based on the slope of the first principal component of functional diffusion maps (fDM). Results Responders (n = 12) differed significantly from nonresponders (n = 6) in all 3 diffusional change metrics demonstrating higher regional ADC increase, larger fiADC, and steeper slopes (P < .05). The slope method allowed the best response prediction (P < .01, η2 = 0.78) with a classification accuracy of 83% for a slope of 58° using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Conclusions We demonstrate that diffusion change metrics are suitable response predictors for high-grade pediatric tumors, even in the presence of variable clinical diffusion imaging protocols. PMID:23585630

[Star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) toxic encephalopathy].

PubMed

Signaté, A; Olindo, S; Chausson, N; Cassinoto, C; Edimo Nana, M; Saint Vil, M; Cabre, P; Smadja, D

2009-03-01

Ingestion of star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) can induce severe intoxication in subjects with chronic renal failure. Oxalate plays a key role in the neurotoxicity of star fruit. We report the cases of two patients with unknown chronic renal insufficiency who developed severe encephalopathy after ingestion of star fruit. The two patients developed intractable hiccups, vomiting, impaired consciousness and status epilepticus. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging showed cortical and thalamic hyperintense lesions related to epileptic status. They improved after being submitted to continuous hemofiltration which constitutes the most effective treatment during the acute phase.

A Bloody Mess: An Unusual Case of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage Because of Warfarin Overdose.

PubMed

Heffler, Enrico; Campisi, Raffaele; Ferri, Sebastian; Crimi, Nunzio

2016-01-01

We herein present the case of a patient with frank hemoptysis and hematuria, dyspnea, and cough. The patient was known to be affected by Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and dilated cardiomyopathy with atrial fibrillation. For this latter condition, he was supposed to take 1.25 mg warfarin daily. Laboratory findings revealed very high levels of International Normalized Ratio (INR) (16), and the patient referred that he self-increased warfarin dose to 5 mg daily since 8 days before the onset of symptoms. Computed tomography scan revealed diffuse bilateral signs of alveolar hemorrhage with hydroaerial levels within emphysematous cysts. Wafarin was immediately stopped and changed with 220 mg dabigatran daily, and he was properly treated to restore a normal coagulation status. We concluded for a case of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage because of warfarin overdose.

NASA/DOD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Paper 16: Aerospace knowledge diffusion research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Kennedy, John M.; Barclay, Rebecca O.; White, Terry F.; Jones, Ray (Editor)

1991-01-01

The project is a cooperative US effort between NASA, DoD, and Indiana University. This research was endorsed by the AGARD Technical Information Panel and the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) Technical Information Committee. The four-phase inquiry focuses on scientific and technical information (STI) as knowledge, the channels through which this knowledge is communicated, and the members of the social system associated with and involved in diffusing this knowledge throughout the aerospace community. The project is based on two premises: (1) although STI is essential to innovation, STI by itself does not ensure innovation; and (2) utilizing existing STI or creating new STI, does often facilitate technological innovation. The topics covered include the following: information-seeking habits, knowledge transfer, academic sector, non-US organizations, present status, comparative study, and timetable.

Voriconazole-induced periostitis in two post-transplant patients

PubMed Central

Bucknor, Matthew D.; Gross, Andrew J.; Link, Thomas M.

2013-01-01

While drug-related periostitis has been known of for many years, the specific association of diffuse periostitis with voriconazole (most frequently in transplant patients) has only been recently explicitly addressed in the literature. Recognition of the radiologic and clinical manifestations of voriconazole-related periostitis is important for helping to narrow an otherwise broad differential diagnosis. We present two cases that illustrate different radiologic presentations of this painful cause of diffuse periostitis. Case 1 features a 60 year-old woman with a history of orthotopic heart transplant who was hospitalized for “full body pain” with progressively worsening bone tenderness involving the humeri, knees, femurs, hips, and hands. Case 2 describes a 48 year-old man with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia status post stem cell transplant who presented with diffuse arthralgias involving bilateral ankles, knees, wrists, and elbows. PMID:24421948

Paradox of integration — mean field approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kułakowski, Krzysztof; Gronek, Piotr; Borzì, Alfio

Recently, a computational model has been proposed of the social integration, as described in sociological terms by Blau. In this model, actors praise or critique each other, and these actions influence their social status and raise negative or positive emotions. The role of a self-deprecating strategy of actors with high social status has also been discussed there. Here, we develop a mean field approach, where the active and passive roles (praising and being praised, etc.) are decoupled. The phase transition from friendly to hostile emotions has been reproduced, similarly to the previously applied purely computational approach. For both phases, we investigate the time dependence of the distribution of social status. There we observe a diffusive spread, which — after some transient time — appears to be limited from below or from above, depending on the phase. As a consequence, the mean status flows.

A rate-based transcutaneous CO2 sensor for noninvasive respiration monitoring.

PubMed

Chatterjee, M; Ge, X; Kostov, Y; Luu, P; Tolosa, L; Woo, H; Viscardi, R; Falk, S; Potts, R; Rao, G

2015-05-01

The pain and risk of infection associated with invasive blood sampling for blood gas measurements necessitate the search for reliable noninvasive techniques. In this work we developed a novel rate-based noninvasive method for a safe and fast assessment of respiratory status. A small sampler was built to collect the gases diffusing out of the skin. It was connected to a CO2 sensor through gas-impermeable tubing. During a measurement, the CO2 initially present in the sampler was first removed by purging it with nitrogen. The gases in the system were then recirculated between the sampler and the CO2 sensor, and the CO2 diffusion rate into the sampler was measured. Because the measurement is based on the initial transcutaneous diffusion rate, reaching mass transfer equilibrium and heating the skin is no longer required, thus, making it much faster and safer than traditional method. A series of designed experiments were performed to analyze the effect of the measurement parameters such as sampler size, measurement location, subject positions, and movement. After the factor analysis tests, the prototype was sent to a level IV NICU for clinical trial. The results show that the measured initial rate of increase in CO2 partial pressure is linearly correlated with the corresponding arterial blood gas measurements. The new approach can be used as a trending tool, making frequent blood sampling unnecessary for respiratory status monitoring.

Cross-national diffusion of mental health policy

PubMed Central

Shen, Gordon C

2014-01-01

Background: Following the tenets of world polity and innovation diffusion theories, I focus on the coercive and mimetic forces that influence the diffusion of mental health policy across nations. International organizations’ mandates influence government behavior. Dependency on external resources, namely foreign aid, also affects governments’ formulation of national policy. And finally, mounting adoption in a region alters the risk, benefits, and information associated with a given policy. Methods: I use post-war, discrete time data spanning 1950 to 2011 and describing 193 nations’ mental health systems to test these diffusion mechanisms. Results: I find that the adoption of mental health policy is highly clustered temporally and spatially. Results provide support that membership in the World Health Organization (WHO), interdependence with neighbors and peers in regional blocs, national income status, and migrant sub-population are responsible for isomorphism. Aid, however, is an insufficient determinant of mental health policy adoption. Conclusion: This study examines the extent to which mental, neurological, and substance use disorder are addressed in national and international contexts through the lens of policy diffusion theory. It also adds to policy dialogues about non-communicable diseases as nascent items on the global health agenda. PMID:25337601

Asymptomatic diffuse "encephalitic" cerebral toxoplasmosis in a woman with systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed

Murro, Diana; Novo, Jorge; Arvanitis, Leonidas

2016-07-01

Classic cerebral toxoplasmosis typically presents with neurologic symptoms such as seizures and mental status changes and histological examination shows focal lesions with necrosis. However, in the diffuse "encephalitic" form, patients are asymptomatic with diffuse, inflammatory, non-necrotic lesions. Asymptomatic diffuse "encephalitic" toxoplasmosis has been reported only in four acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients and one human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia. We present a 36-year-old HIV-negative woman with systemic lupus erythematosus and lupus nephritis who was on immunosuppression for 9years after cadaveric renal transplant and died from pulmonary hemorrhage and cytomegalovirus pneumonia. Brain autopsy findings revealed multifocal microglial nodules containing Toxoplasma bradyzoites and associated astrogliosis. These nodules were prominent in the cerebellum, midbrain and medulla and also present in the cortex and thalamus. No coagulative necrosis, necrotizing abscesses, or other opportunistic infections were present. The patient had previously exhibited no neurologic symptoms and there was no clinical suspicion for toxoplasmosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of diffuse, non-necrotizing, "encephalitic" cerebral toxoplasmosis reported in a lupus patient and also the first reported female case. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

COHORT CHANGE, DIFFUSION, AND SUPPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SPENDING IN THE UNITED STATES.

PubMed

Pampel, Fred C; Hunter, Lori M

2012-09-01

The long-standing and sometimes heated debates over the direction and size of the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on environmental concern contrast post-materialist and affluence arguments, suggesting a positive relationship in high-income nations, with counter arguments for a negative or near zero relationship. A diffusion-of-innovations approach adapts parts of both arguments by predicting that high SES groups first adopt pro-environmental views, which produces a positive relationship. Like other innovations, however, environmentalism diffuses over time to other SES groups, which subsequently weakens the association. We test this argument using the General Social Survey from 1973 to 2008 to compare support for environmental spending across 83 cohorts born from around 1900 to 1982. In developing attitudes before, during, and after the emergence of environmentalism, varying cohorts provide the contrast needed to identify long-term changes in environmental concern. Multilevel age, period, and cohort models support diffusion arguments by demonstrating the effects, across cohorts, of three common indicators of SES - education, income and occupational prestige - first strengthen and then weaken. This finding suggests that diffusion of environmental concern first produces positive relationships consistent with postmaterialism arguments and later produces null or negative relationships consistent with global environmentalism arguments.

Studying variability in human brain aging in a population-based German cohort-rationale and design of 1000BRAINS.

PubMed

Caspers, Svenja; Moebus, Susanne; Lux, Silke; Pundt, Noreen; Schütz, Holger; Mühleisen, Thomas W; Gras, Vincent; Eickhoff, Simon B; Romanzetti, Sandro; Stöcker, Tony; Stirnberg, Rüdiger; Kirlangic, Mehmet E; Minnerop, Martina; Pieperhoff, Peter; Mödder, Ulrich; Das, Samir; Evans, Alan C; Jöckel, Karl-Heinz; Erbel, Raimund; Cichon, Sven; Nöthen, Markus M; Sturma, Dieter; Bauer, Andreas; Jon Shah, N; Zilles, Karl; Amunts, Katrin

2014-01-01

The ongoing 1000 brains study (1000BRAINS) is an epidemiological and neuroscientific investigation of structural and functional variability in the human brain during aging. The two recruitment sources are the 10-year follow-up cohort of the German Heinz Nixdorf Recall (HNR) Study, and the HNR MultiGeneration Study cohort, which comprises spouses and offspring of HNR subjects. The HNR is a longitudinal epidemiological investigation of cardiovascular risk factors, with a comprehensive collection of clinical, laboratory, socioeconomic, and environmental data from population-based subjects aged 45-75 years on inclusion. HNR subjects underwent detailed assessments in 2000, 2006, and 2011, and completed annual postal questionnaires on health status. 1000BRAINS accesses these HNR data and applies a separate protocol comprising: neuropsychological tests of attention, memory, executive functions and language; examination of motor skills; ratings of personality, life quality, mood and daily activities; analysis of laboratory and genetic data; and state-of-the-art magnetic resonance imaging (MRI, 3 Tesla) of the brain. The latter includes (i) 3D-T1- and 3D-T2-weighted scans for structural analyses and myelin mapping; (ii) three diffusion imaging sequences optimized for diffusion tensor imaging, high-angular resolution diffusion imaging for detailed fiber tracking and for diffusion kurtosis imaging; (iii) resting-state and task-based functional MRI; and (iv) fluid-attenuated inversion recovery and MR angiography for the detection of vascular lesions and the mapping of white matter lesions. The unique design of 1000BRAINS allows: (i) comprehensive investigation of various influences including genetics, environment and health status on variability in brain structure and function during aging; and (ii) identification of the impact of selected influencing factors on specific cognitive subsystems and their anatomical correlates.

Neuroimaging abnormalities in clade C HIV are independent of Tat genetic diversity.

PubMed

Paul, Robert H; Phillips, Sarah; Hoare, Jacqueline; Laidlaw, David H; Cabeen, Ryan; Olbricht, Gayla R; Su, Yuqing; Stein, Dan J; Engelbrecht, Susan; Seedat, Soraya; Salminen, Lauren E; Baker, Laurie M; Heaps, Jodi; Joska, John

2017-04-01

Controversy remains regarding the neurotoxicity of clade C human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-C). When examined in preclinical studies, a cysteine to serine substitution in the C31 dicysteine motif of the HIV-C Tat protein (C31S) results in less severe brain injury compared to other viral clades. By contrast, patient cohort studies identify significant neuropsychological impairment among HIV-C individuals independent of Tat variability. The present study clarified this discrepancy by examining neuroimaging markers of brain integrity among HIV-C individuals with and without the Tat substitution. Thirty-seven HIV-C individuals with the Tat C31S substitution, 109 HIV-C individuals without the Tat substitution (C31C), and 34 HIV- controls underwent 3T structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Volumes were determined for the caudate, putamen, thalamus, corpus callosum, total gray matter, and total white matter. DTI metrics included fractional anisotropy (FA), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD). Tracts of interest included the anterior thalamic radiation (ATR), cingulum bundle (CING), uncinate fasciculus (UNC), and corpus callosum (CC). HIV+ individuals exhibited smaller volumes in subcortical gray matter, total gray matter and total white matter compared to HIV- controls. HIV+ individuals also exhibited DTI abnormalities across multiple tracts compared to HIV- controls. By contrast, neither volumetric nor diffusion indices differed significantly between the Tat C31S and C31C groups. Tat C31S status is not a sufficient biomarker of HIV-related brain integrity in patient populations. Clinical attention directed at brain health is warranted for all HIV+ individuals, independent of Tat C31S or clade C status.

Quark–gluon plasma phenomenology from anisotropic lattice QCD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skullerud, Jon-Ivar; Kelly, Aoife; Aarts, Gert

The FASTSUM collaboration has been carrying out simulations of N{sub f} = 2 + 1 QCD at nonzero temperature in the fixed-scale approach using anisotropic lattices. Here we present the status of these studies, including recent results for electrical conductivity and charge diffusion, and heavy quarkonium (charm and beauty) physics.

Future long-range transports - Prospects for improved fuel efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nagel, A. L.; Alford, W. J., Jr.; Dugan, J. F., Jr.

1975-01-01

A status report is provided on current thinking concerning potential improvements in fuel efficiency and possible alternate fuels. Topics reviewed are: historical trends in airplane efficiency; technological opportunities including supercritical aerodynamics, vortex diffusers, composite materials, propulsion systems, active controls, and terminal-area operations; unconventional design concepts, and hydrogen-fueled airplane.

Progress on Fabrication of Planar Diffusion Couples with Representative TRISO PyC/SiC Microstructure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunn, John D.; Jolly, Brian C.; Gerczak, Tyler J.

Release of fission products from tristructural-isotropic (TRISO) coated particle fuel limits the fuel’s operational lifetime and creates potential safety and maintenance concerns. A need for diffusion analysis in representative TRISO layers exists to provide fuel performance models with high fidelity data to improve fuel performance and efficiency. An effort has been initiated to better understand fission product transport in, and release from, quality TRISO fuel by investigating diffusion couples with representative pyrocarbon (PyC) and silicon carbide (SiC). Here planar PyC/SiC diffusion couples are being developed with representative PyC/SiC layers using a fluidized bed chemical vapor deposition (FBCVD) system identical tomore » those used to produce laboratory-scale TRISO fuel for the Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Qualification and Development Program’s (AGR) first fuel irradiation. The diffusivity of silver, the silver and palladium system, europium, and strontium in the PyC/SiC will be studied at elevated temperatures and under high temperature neutron irradiation. The study also includes a comparative study of PyC/SiC diffusion couples with varying TRISO layer properties to understand the influence of SiC microstructure (grain size) and the PyC/SiC interface on fission product transport. The first step in accomplishing these goals is the development of the planar diffusion couples. The diffusion couple construction consists of multiple steps which includes fabrication of the primary PyC/SiC structures with targeted layer properties, introduction of fission product species and seal coating to create an isolated system. Coating development has shown planar PyC/SiC diffusion couples with similar properties to AGR TRISO fuel can be produced. A summary of the coating development process, characterization methods, and status are presented.« less

Evaluation of IDH1 status in diffusely infiltrating gliomas by immunohistochemistry using anti-mutant and wild type IDH1 antibodies.

PubMed

Ikota, Hayato; Nobusawa, Sumihito; Arai, Hideo; Kato, Yukinari; Ishizawa, Keisuke; Hirose, Takanori; Yokoo, Hideaki

2015-10-01

Glioma cells with the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 G395A mutation are strongly immunopositive for mIDH1(R132H), an antibody against mutant IDH1(R132H) (clone H09). However, we encountered some gliomas which were ambiguously positive for mIDH1(R132H) despite having the IDH1 G395A mutation. The aim of this study was to establish an evaluation procedure of IDH1 status by immunohistochemistry. Forty-three diffusely infiltrating gliomas were studied, and four of eight anaplastic oligoastrocytomas with the IDH1 G395A mutation were modestly or weakly positive for both the mIDH1(R132H) and an antibody against wild type IDH1, RcMab-1. Based on our staining results, the IDH1 expression of both wild and mutated types seemed to be codominant and also to be evenly suppressed under a certain condition. We propose a procedure for determining IDH1 status. If a glioma is weakly positive for mIDH1(R132H), immunohistochemistry for RcMab-1 should be performed. If the tumor cells are strongly positive for RcMab-1, the IDH1 G395A mutation is judged to be absent on the grounds that IDH1 expression is not suppressed. If the tumor cells are weakly positive for both mIDH1(R132H) and RcMab-1, then a conclusion should be made after DNA sequencing. This procedure is useful for practical evaluation of IDH1 status.

The Great Recession and the risk for child maltreatment.

PubMed

Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne; Schneider, William; Waldfogel, Jane

2013-10-01

This study draws on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N=2,032), a birth cohort study of families with children from 20 U.S. cities. Interviews occurred between August 2007, and February 2010, when the children were approximately 9 years old. Macro-economic indicators of the Great Recession such as the Consumer Sentiment Index and unemployment and home foreclosure rates were matched to the data to estimate the links between different measures of the Great Recession and high frequency maternal spanking. We find that the large decline in consumer confidence during the Great Recession, as measured by the Consumer Sentiment Index, was associated with worse parenting behavior. In particular, lower levels of consumer confidence were associated with increased levels of high frequency spanking, a parenting behavior that is associated with greater likelihood of being contacted by child protective services. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Great Recession and the Risk for Child Maltreatment

PubMed Central

Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne; Schneider, William; Waldfogel, Jane

2013-01-01

This study draws on the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N = 2,032), a birth cohort study of families with children from 20 U.S. cities. Interviews occurred between August 2007, and February 2010, when the children were approximately 9 years old. Macro-economic indicators of the Great Recession such as the Consumer Sentiment Index and unemployment and home foreclosure rates were matched to the data to estimate the links between different measures of the Great Recession and high frequency maternal spanking. We find that the large decline in consumer confidence during the Great Recession, as measured by the Consumer Sentiment Index, was associated with worse parenting behavior. In particular, lower levels of consumer confidence were associated with increased levels of high frequency spanking, a parenting behavior that is associated with greater likelihood of being contacted by child protective services. PMID:24045057

Vertical Integration of Hospitals and Physicians: Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence on Spending and Quality.

PubMed

Post, Brady; Buchmueller, Tom; Ryan, Andrew M

2017-08-01

Hospital-physician vertical integration is on the rise. While increased efficiencies may be possible, emerging research raises concerns about anticompetitive behavior, spending increases, and uncertain effects on quality. In this review, we bring together several of the key theories of vertical integration that exist in the neoclassical and institutional economics literatures and apply these theories to the hospital-physician relationship. We also conduct a literature review of the effects of vertical integration on prices, spending, and quality in the growing body of evidence ( n = 15) to evaluate which of these frameworks have the strongest empirical support. We find some support for vertical foreclosure as a framework for explaining the observed results. We suggest a conceptual model and identify directions for future research. Based on our analysis, we conclude that vertical integration poses a threat to the affordability of health services and merits special attention from policymakers and antitrust authorities.

Professional convergence in forensic practice.

PubMed

Mercer, D; Mason, T; Richman, J

2001-06-01

This paper outlines the development and convergence of forensic science and secure psychiatric services in the UK, locating the professionalization of forensic nursing within a complex web of political, economic, and ideological structures. It is suggested that a stagnation of the therapeutic enterprise in high and medium security provision has witnessed an intrusion of medical power into the societal body. Expanding technologies of control and surveillance are discussed in relation to the move from modernity to postmodernity and the ongoing dynamic of medicalized offending. Four aspects of globalization are identified as impacting upon the organization and application of forensic practice: (i) organized capitalism and the exhaustion of the welfare state; (ii) security versus danger and trust versus risk; (iii) science as a meta-language; and (iv) foreclosure as a mechanism of censorship. Finally, as a challenge for the profession, some predictions are offered about the future directions or demise of forensic nursing.

Turbulent patterns in wall-bounded flows: A Turing instability?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manneville, Paul

2012-06-01

In their way to/from turbulence, plane wall-bounded flows display an interesting transitional regime where laminar and turbulent oblique bands alternate, the origin of which is still mysterious. In line with Barkley's recent work about the pipe flow transition involving reaction-diffusion concepts, we consider plane Couette flow in the same perspective and transform Waleffe's classical four-variable model of self-sustaining process into a reaction-diffusion model. We show that, upon fulfillment of a condition on the relative diffusivities of its variables, the featureless turbulent regime becomes unstable against patterning as the result of a Turing instability. A reduced two-variable model helps us to delineate the appropriate region of parameter space. An intrinsic status is therefore given to the pattern's wavelength for the first time. Virtues and limitations of the model are discussed, calling for a microscopic support of the phenomenological approach.

Clinical system model for monitoring the physiological status of jaundice by extracting bilirubin components from skin diffuse reflectance spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Alla S.; Clark, Joseph; Beyette, Fred R., Jr.

2009-02-01

Neonatal jaundice is a medical condition which occurs in newborns as a result of an imbalance between the production and elimination of bilirubin. The excess bilirubin in the blood stream diffuses into the surrounding tissue leading to a yellowing of the skin. As the bilirubin levels rise in the blood stream, there is a continuous exchange between the extra vascular bilirubin and bilirubin in the blood stream. Exposure to phototherapy alters the concentration of bilirubin in the vascular and extra vascular regions by causing bilirubin in the skin layers to be broken down. Thus, the relative concentration of extra vascular bilirubin is reduced leading to a diffusion of bilirubin out of the vascular region. Diffuse reflectance spectra from human skin contains physiological and structural information of the skin and nearby tissue. A diffuse reflectance spectrum must be captured before and after blanching in order to isolate the intravascular and extra vascular bilirubin. A new mathematical model is proposed with extra vascular bilirubin concentration taken into consideration along with other optical parameters in defining the diffuse reflectance spectrum from human skin. A nonlinear optimization algorithm has been adopted to extract the optical properties (including bilirubin concentration) from the skin reflectance spectrum. The new system model and nonlinear algorithm have been combined to enable extraction of Bilirubin concentrations within an average error of 10%.

Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging Using Solid-State Detectors: Characteristics, Present Status, and Research Challenges.

PubMed

Alayed, Mrwan; Deen, M Jamal

2017-09-14

Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) are emerging non-invasive imaging modalities that have wide spread potential applications in many fields, particularly for structural and functional imaging in medicine. In this article, we review time-resolved diffuse optical imaging (TR-DOI) systems using solid-state detectors with a special focus on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). These TR-DOI systems can be categorized into two types based on the operation mode of the detector (free-running or time-gated). For the TR-DOI prototypes, the physical concepts, main components, figures-of-merit of detectors, and evaluation parameters are described. The performance of TR-DOI prototypes is evaluated according to the parameters used in common protocols to test DOI systems particularly basic instrumental performance (BIP). In addition, the potential features of SPADs and SiPMs to improve TR-DOI systems and expand their applications in the foreseeable future are discussed. Lastly, research challenges and future developments for TR-DOI are discussed for each component in the prototype separately and also for the entire system.

Racial Inequality and Self-Image: Identity Maintenance as Identity Diffusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunt, Janet G.; Hunt, Larry L.

1977-01-01

Exploring "interpersonal mediation" interpretations of self-image maintenance in low-status circumstances, this analysis indicates black boys hold higher levels of self-regard in terms of esteem and sex-role identification than their white counterparts but have lower senses of personal efficacy in the early (but not later) school years. (Author/JC)

MRI Features in a Canine Model of Ischemic Stroke: Correlation between Lesion Volume and Neurobehavioral Status during the Subacute Stage

PubMed Central

Kang, Byeong-Teck; Jang, Dong-Pyo; Gu, Su-Hyun; Lee, Jong-Hwan; Jung, Dong-In; Lim, Chae-Young; Kim, Ha-Jung; Kim, Young-Bo; Kim, Hyung-Joong; Woo, Eung-Je; Cho, Zang-Hee; Park, Hee-Myung

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and assess the correlation between the volume of the ischemic lesion and neurobehavioral status during the subacute stage of ischemic stroke. Ischemic stroke was induced in 6 healthy laboratory beagles through permanent occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO). T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), measurement of the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) ratio, and neurobehavioral evaluation were performed 3 times serially by using a 1.5-T MR system: before and 3 and 10 d after MCAO. Ischemic lesions demonstrated T2 hyperintensity, FLAIR hyperintensity, and DWI hyperintensity. The ADC ratio was decreased initially but then was increased at 10 d after MCAO. Ischemic lesion volumes on T2-weighted and FLAIR imaging were not significantly different from those on DWI. The lesion volume and neurobehavioral score showed strong correlation. Our results suggest that conventional MRI may be a reliable diagnostic tool during the subacute stage of canine ischemic stroke. PMID:19887030

Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy: Getting the Capillary Refill Test Under One's Thumb.

PubMed

Henricson, Joakim; Toll John, Rani; Anderson, Chris D; Björk Wilhelms, Daniel

2017-12-02

The capillary refill test was introduced in 1947 to help estimate circulatory status in critically ill patients. Guidelines commonly state that refill should occur within 2 s after releasing 5 s of firm pressure (e.g., by the physician's finger) in the normal healthy supine patient. A slower refill time indicates poor skin perfusion, which can be caused by conditions including sepsis, blood loss, hypoperfusion, and hypothermia. Since its introduction, the clinical usefulness of the test has been debated. Advocates point out its feasibility and simplicity and claim that it can indicate changes in vascular status earlier than changes in vital signs such as heart rate. Critics, on the other hand, stress that the lack of standardization in how the test is performed and the highly subjective nature of the naked eye assessment, as well as the test's susceptibility to ambient factors, markedly lowers the clinical value. The aim of the present work is to describe in detail the course of the refill event and to suggest potentially more objective and exact endpoint values for the capillary refill test using diffuse polarization spectroscopy.

C+/CO Transitions in the Diffuse ISM: Transitional Cloud Sample from the GOT C+ Survey of [CII] in the inner Galaxy at l = -30deg to 30deg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velusamy, T.; Pineda, J. L.; Langer, W. D.; Willacy, K.; Goldsmith, P. F.

2011-05-01

Our knowledge of interstellar gas has been limited primarily to the diffuse atomic phase traced by HI and the well-shielded molecular phase traced by CO. Recently, using the first results of the Herschel Key Project GOT C+, a HIFI C+ survey of the Galactic plane, Velusamy, Langer, Pineda et al. (A&A 521, L18, 2010) have shown that in the diffuse interstellar transition clouds a significant fraction of the carbon exists primarily as C^+ with little C^0 and CO in a warm 'dark gas' layer in which hydrogen is mostly H_2 with little atomic H, surrounding a modest 12CO-emitting core. The [CII] fine structure transition, at 1.9 THz (158 μm) is the best tracer of this component of the interstellar medium, which is critical to our understanding of the atomic to molecular cloud transitions. The Herschel Key Project GOT C+ is designed to study such clouds by observing with HIFI the [CII] line emission along 500 lines of sight (LOSs) throughout the Galactic disk. Here we present the identification and chemical status of a few hundred diffuse and transition clouds traced by [CII], along with auxiliary HI and CO data covering ~100 LOSs in the inner Galaxy between l= -30° and 30°. We identify transition clouds as [CII] components that are characterized by the presence of both HI and 12CO, but no 13CO emission. The intensities, I(CII) and I(HI), are used as measures of the visual extinction, AV, in the cloud up to the C^+/C^0/CO transition layer and a comparison with I(12CO) yields a more complete H_2 molecular inventory. Our results show that [CII] emission is an excellent tool to study transition clouds and their carbon chemistry in the ISM, in particular as a unique tracer of molecular H_2, which is not easily observed by other means. The large sample presented here will serve as a resource to study the chemical and physical status of diffuse transition clouds in a wide range of Galactic environments and constrain the physical parameters such as the FUV intensity and cosmic ray ionization rate that drive the CO chemistry in the diffuse ISM.

COHORT CHANGE, DIFFUSION, AND SUPPORT FOR ENVIRONMENTAL SPENDING IN THE UNITED STATES

PubMed Central

Pampel, Fred C.; Hunter, Lori M.

2013-01-01

The long-standing and sometimes heated debates over the direction and size of the effect of socioeconomic status (SES) on environmental concern contrast post-materialist and affluence arguments, suggesting a positive relationship in high-income nations, with counter arguments for a negative or near zero relationship. A diffusion-of-innovations approach adapts parts of both arguments by predicting that high SES groups first adopt pro-environmental views, which produces a positive relationship. Like other innovations, however, environmentalism diffuses over time to other SES groups, which subsequently weakens the association. We test this argument using the General Social Survey from 1973 to 2008 to compare support for environmental spending across 83 cohorts born from around 1900 to 1982. In developing attitudes before, during, and after the emergence of environmentalism, varying cohorts provide the contrast needed to identify long-term changes in environmental concern. Multilevel age, period, and cohort models support diffusion arguments by demonstrating the effects, across cohorts, of three common indicators of SES – education, income and occupational prestige – first strengthen and then weaken. This finding suggests that diffusion of environmental concern first produces positive relationships consistent with postmaterialism arguments and later produces null or negative relationships consistent with global environmentalism arguments. PMID:24639591

Evaluation of an innovative sensor for measuring global and diffuse irradiance, and sunshine duration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muneer, Tariq; Zhang, Xiaodong; Wood, John

2002-03-01

Delta-T Device Limited of Cambridge, UK have developed an integrated device which enables simultaneous measurement of horizontal global and diffuse irradiance as well as sunshine status at any given instance in time. To evaluate the performance of this new device, horizontal global and diffuse irradiance data were simultaneously collected from Delta-T device and Napier University's CIE First Class daylight monitoring station. To enable a cross check a Kipp & Zonen CM11 global irradiance sensor has also been installed in Currie, south-west Edinburgh. Sunshine duration data have been recorded at the Royal Botanical Garden, Edinburgh using their Campbell-Stokes recorder. Hourly data sets were analysed and plotted within the Microsoft Excel environment. Using the common statistical measures, Root Mean Square Difference (RMSD) and Mean Bias Difference (MBD) the accuracy of measurements of Delta-T sensor's horizontal global and diffuse irradiance, and sunshine duration were investigated. The results show a good performance on the part of Delta-T device for the measurement of global and diffuse irradiance. The sunshine measurements were found to have a lack of consistency and accuracy. It is argued herein that the distance between the respective sensors and the poor accuracy of Campbell-Stokes recorder may be contributing factors to this phenomenon.

The impact of star physicians on diffusion of a medical technology: the case of laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery.

PubMed

Shinn, Laura

2014-01-01

Using data on all bariatric surgeries performed in the state of Pennsylvania from 1995 through 2007, this article uses logistic and OLS regressions to measure the effect of star physicians and star hospitals on the diffusion of an innovation in bariatric surgery called laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery (LGBS). This article tests for effects at both the hospital and physician level. Compared to hospitals with no star physicians (11 percent adoption rate), those with star physicians on staff show a much higher adoption rate (89 percent). Compared to hospitals that are not classified as star hospitals (13 percent diffusion rate), hospitals with star status show a much higher diffusion rate (87 percent from first quarter 2000 to fourth quarter 2001); being a star hospital raises the likelihood of that hospital diffusing LCBS from 13 percent to 87 percent. At the physician level, the empirical results indicate that star physicians exert positive asymmetric influence on the adoption and utilization rates of nonstars at the same hospital. Stars are those who: (1) graduated from a Top 30 medical school, (2) completed residency at a Top 30 hospital, or (3) are included in a Castle Connolly Top Doctors publication. The results of this article support earlier work on the role of key individuals in technology diffusion. It extends research on medical technology diffusion by testing a new data set for a chronic disease treatment. JEL classifications: D2, I10, I11, L2, O33. D2 production and organizations; L2 firm objectives, organization and behavior; I10 health general; I11 Analysis of health care markets; O33 technological change: choices and consequences; diffusion processes.

Is it worth protecting groundwater from diffuse pollution with agri-environmental schemes? A hydro-economic modeling approach.

PubMed

Hérivaux, Cécile; Orban, Philippe; Brouyère, Serge

2013-10-15

In Europe, 30% of groundwater bodies are considered to be at risk of not achieving the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 'good status' objective by 2015, and 45% are in doubt of doing so. Diffuse agricultural pollution is one of the main pressures affecting groundwater bodies. To tackle this problem, the WFD requires Member States to design and implement cost-effective programs of measures to achieve the 'good status' objective by 2027 at the latest. Hitherto, action plans have mainly consisted of promoting the adoption of Agri-Environmental Schemes (AES). This raises a number of questions concerning the effectiveness of such schemes for improving groundwater status, and the economic implications of their implementation. We propose a hydro-economic model that combines a hydrogeological model to simulate groundwater quality evolution with agronomic and economic components to assess the expected costs, effectiveness, and benefits of AES implementation. This hydro-economic model can be used to identify cost-effective AES combinations at groundwater-body scale and to show the benefits to be expected from the resulting improvement in groundwater quality. The model is applied here to a rural area encompassing the Hesbaye aquifer, a large chalk aquifer which supplies about 230,000 inhabitants in the city of Liege (Belgium) and is severely contaminated by agricultural nitrates. We show that the time frame within which improvements in the Hesbaye groundwater quality can be expected may be much longer than that required by the WFD. Current WFD programs based on AES may be inappropriate for achieving the 'good status' objective in the most productive agricultural areas, in particular because these schemes are insufficiently attractive. Achieving 'good status' by 2027 would demand a substantial change in the design of AES, involving costs that may not be offset by benefits in the case of chalk aquifers with long renewal times. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Measuring variability in trophic status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, Angela D; Matlock, Marty D

2008-01-01

Background Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of trophic status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment. Methods We used the passive diffusion periphytometer to measure in-situ nutrient limitation and trophic status at eight sites in five streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas from July 1997 through October 1998. The chlorophyll a production in the periphytometers was used as an indicator of baseline chlorophyll a productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). We evaluated the lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP, and evaluated the trophic class of each site. Results The rivers and streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed exhibited varying degrees of nutrient enrichment over the 18-month sampling period. The North Bosque River at the headwaters (NB-02) located below the Stephenville, Texas wastewater treatment outfall consistently exhibited the highest degree of water quality impact due to nutrient enrichment. Sites at the outlet of the watershed (NB-04 and NB-05) were the next most enriched sites. Trophic class varied for enriched sites over seasons. Conclusion Seasonality played a significant role in the trophic class and sensitivity of each site to nutrients. Managing rivers and streams for nutrients will require methods for measuring in situ responses and sensitivities to nutrient enrichment. Nutrient enrichment periphytometers show significant potential for use in nutrient gradient studies. PMID:18271947

Measuring variability in trophic status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Angela D; Matlock, Marty D

2008-01-11

Nutrient management in rivers and streams is difficult due to the spatial and temporal variability of algal growth responses. The objectives of this project were to determine the spatial and seasonal in situ variability of trophic status in the Lake Waco/Bosque River watershed, determine the variability in the lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) at each site as indicators of the system's nutrient sensitivity, and determine if passive diffusion periphytometers could provide threshold algal responses to nutrient enrichment. We used the passive diffusion periphytometer to measure in-situ nutrient limitation and trophic status at eight sites in five streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed in north-central Texas from July 1997 through October 1998. The chlorophyll a production in the periphytometers was used as an indicator of baseline chlorophyll a productivity and of maximum primary productivity (MPP) in response to nutrient enrichment (nitrogen and phosphorus). We evaluated the lotic ecosystem trophic status index (LETSI) using the ratio of baseline primary productivity to MPP, and evaluated the trophic class of each site. The rivers and streams in the Lake Waco/Bosque River Watershed exhibited varying degrees of nutrient enrichment over the 18-month sampling period. The North Bosque River at the headwaters (NB-02) located below the Stephenville, Texas wastewater treatment outfall consistently exhibited the highest degree of water quality impact due to nutrient enrichment. Sites at the outlet of the watershed (NB-04 and NB-05) were the next most enriched sites. Trophic class varied for enriched sites over seasons. Seasonality played a significant role in the trophic class and sensitivity of each site to nutrients. Managing rivers and streams for nutrients will require methods for measuring in situ responses and sensitivities to nutrient enrichment. Nutrient enrichment periphytometers show significant potential for use in nutrient gradient studies.

Women's awareness of liberalization of abortion law and knowledge of place for obtaining services in Nepal.

PubMed

Thapa, Shyam; Sharma, Sharad K

2015-03-01

In Nepal, following the liberalization of the abortion law, expansion and scaling up of services proceeded in parallel with efforts to create awareness of the legalization status of abortion and provide women with information about where services are available. This article assesses the effectiveness of these programmatic interventions in the early years of the country's abortion program. Data from a 2006 national survey are analyzed with 2 outcome measures-awareness of the legal status of abortion and knowledge of places to obtain abortion services among women ages 15 to 44 years. The variations in the outcomes are analyzed by ecological-development subregion, residence, education, household wealth quintile, age, and number of living children. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression techniques are used. Overall 32.3% (95% confidence interval = 31.4% to 33.2%) of the respondents were aware of the legal status of abortion and 56.5% (95% confidence interval = 55.5% to 57.4%) knew of a place where they could obtain an abortion. Both outcome measures showed considerable variations by the covariates. Women with secondary or higher level of education had the highest odds ratio of being aware of the law and having knowledge of a source for abortion services. Ecological-development subregions showed the second highest levels of odds ratios. Significant disparities among the population subgroups existed in the diffusion of awareness of the legal status of abortion and having knowledge of a place for abortion services in Nepal. The results point to which population subgroups to focus on and also serve as a baseline for assessing future progress in the diffusion process. © 2012 APJPH.

Orthophosphate-P in the nutrient impacted River Taw and its catchment (SW England) between 1990 and 2013.

PubMed

Tappin, Alan D; Comber, Sean; Worsfold, Paul J

2016-06-15

Excess dissolved phosphorus (as orthophosphate-P) contributes to reduced river water quality within Europe and elsewhere. This study reports results from analysis of a 23 year (1990-2013) water quality dataset for orthophosphate-P in the rural Taw catchment (SW England). Orthophosphate-P and river flow relationships and temporal variations in orthophosphate-P concentrations indicate the significant contribution of sewage (across the catchment) and industrial effluent (upper R. Taw) to orthophosphate-P concentrations (up to 96%), particularly during the low flow summer months when maximum algal growth occurs. In contrast, concentrations of orthophosphate-P from diffuse sources within the catchment were more important (>80%) at highest river flows. The results from a 3 end-member mixing model incorporating effluent, groundwater and diffuse orthophosphate-P source terms suggested that sewage and/or industrial effluent contributes ≥50% of the orthophosphate-P load for 27-48% of the time across the catchment. The Water Framework Directive (WFD) Phase 2 standards for reactive phosphorus, introduced in 2015, showed the R. Taw to be generally classified as Poor to Moderate Ecological Status, with a Good Status occurring more frequently in the tributary rivers. Failure to achieve Good Ecological Status occurred even though, since the early-2000s, riverine orthophosphate-P concentrations have decreased (although the mechanism(s) responsible for this could not be identified). For the first time it has been demonstrated that sewage and industrial effluent sources of alkalinity to the river can give erroneous boundary concentrations of orthophosphate-P for WFD Ecological Status classification, the extent of which is dependent on the proportion of effluent alkalinity present. This is likely to be a European - wide issue which should be examined in more detail.

Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis from Roman Hungary.

PubMed

Hlavenková, Lucia; Gábor, Olivér; Benus, Radoslav; Smrcka, Václav; Jambor, Jaroslav; Hajdu, Tamás

2013-01-01

This paper deals with cases of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) found at the Late Roman Age necropolis in Pécs, Hungary (4th century AD). The skeletal remains of two male individuals, aged between 60-70 years and 45-55 years, displayed right-sided ossification of the anterior longitudinal ligament with extra-spinal manifestations typical in DISH cases. It is presumed that both male individuals were middle-class citizens. Their social status was supplemented with trace element analysis in order to reconstruct the dietary habits of the urban population. Concentrations of Sr and Zn indicated a predominantly vegetal diet. Potential DISH risk factors and associations were subsequently discussed and compared with our findings.

Unlearning and Relearning from Medical Education Research: Teacher Education Research in the Pursuit of Teacher Professionalism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Purinton, Ted

2012-01-01

Educational researchers have increasingly paid attention to how practitioners can access and utilize research knowledge, but the field still has been unable to create a research tradition and corresponding diffusion model that directly and uniformly influences teachers' practice. One reason for this is the contested status of teaching as a…

Future long-range transports: Prospects for improved fuel efficiency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nagel, A. L.; Alford, W. J., Jr.; Dugan, J. F., Jr.

1975-01-01

A status report is provided on current thinking concerning potential improvements in fuel efficiency and possible alternate fuels. Topics reviewed are: (1) historical trends in airplane efficiency; (2) technological opportunities including supercritical aerodynamics, (3) vortex diffusers, (4) composite materials, (5) propulsion systems, (6) active controls, and terminal-area operations; (7) unconventional design concepts, and (8) hydrogen-fueled airplane.

Incorporation of p-53 mutation status and Ki-67 proliferating index in classifying Her2-neu positive gastric adenocarcinoma.

PubMed

Ahmed, Ayesha; Al-Tamimi, Dalal M

2018-12-01

Her2-neu overexpression has a pathogenetic, therapeutic and a controversial prognostic role in gastric cancer. p-53 mutation status and Ki-67 proliferation index are established prognostic markers in many tumors. In this study we evaluated p-53 and Ki-67 in relation to Her2-neu positive and negative gastric adenocarcinoma (GA). This cross-sectional study was carried out at King Fahd Hospital of Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University. Fifty cases of GA were retrieved from pathology archives. Clinico-pathological parameters were evaluated. Immunohistochemical protein analysis for Her2-neu, Ki-67 and p-53 was carried out. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis was done for Her2-neu positive cases showing 2+ immunoexpression. Frequency of Ki-67 and p-53 positivity in Her2-neu positive cases was calculated and compared with those in Her2-neu negative cases. Correlation of clinicopatological parameters with Her2 positive and negative cases, p-53 mutation status and Ki-67 proliferation index was carried out. Her2-neu overexpression was present in 12% (n = 6) cases. A high Ki-67 was seen predominantly in Her2-neu positive cases (83%, n = 5). Her2-neu negative cases (n = 44) showed moderate (31.88%, n = 14) to low (34%, n = 15) Ki-67. Diffuse p-53 positivity was seen predominantly in Her2-neu positive cases (33.33%, n = 2). Focal p-53 was seen mainly in Her2-neu negative cases 56.8% (n = 25). Negative p-53 was seen to be independent of Her2-neu status. Her2-neu positivity is strongly associated with diffuse p-53 mutation status and high Ki-67 proliferation. Her 2-neu negative status is associated with focal p-53 positivity and low to moderate Ki-67 proliferation index. Such stratifications in prognostic markers could not only be predictive in patient's prognostics but could also form a basis of molecular classification of gastric cancer.

Prognostic impact of MYC protein expression in central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: comparison with MYC rearrangement and MYC mRNA expression.

PubMed

Son, Seung-Myoung; Ha, Sang-Yun; Yoo, Hae-Yong; Oh, Dongryul; Kim, Seok-Jin; Kim, Won-Seog; Ko, Young-Hyeh

2017-01-01

The prognostic role of MYC has been well documented in non-central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; however, it remains controversial in central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. To investigate the prognostic value of MYC, we analyzed the MYC protein expression by immunohistochemistry, mRNA expression by RNA in situ hybridization, and gene status by fluorescence in situ hybridization in 74 cases of central nervous system diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Moreover, we examined the correlation between MYC translocation, mRNA expression, and protein expression. The mean percentage of MYC immunopositive cells was 49%. Using a 44% cutoff value, 49 (66%) cases showed MYC protein overexpression. The result of mRNA in situ hybridization using the RNA scope technology was obtained using the H-scoring system; the median value was 34.2. Using the cutoff value of 63.5, 16 (22%) cases showed MYC mRNA overexpression. MYC gene rearrangement was detected in five out of 68 (7%) cases. MYC translocation showed no statistically significant correlation with mRNA expression; however, all MYC translocation-positive cases showed MYC protein overexpression, with a higher mean percentage of MYC protein expression than that of translocation-negative cases (78 vs 48%, P=0.001). The level of MYC mRNA expression was moderately correlated with the level of MYC protein expression (P<0.001). The mean percentage of MYC protein expression in the high MYC mRNA group was higher than that in the low MYC mRNA group (70 vs 47%, P<0.001). A univariate analysis showed that age over 60 years, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≥2 and MYC protein overexpression were significantly associated with an increased risk of death. MYC translocation and MYC mRNA expression had no prognostic significance. On multivariate analysis, MYC protein overexpression and ECOG score retained prognostic significance.

Local image variance of 7 Tesla SWI is a new technique for preoperative characterization of diffusely infiltrating gliomas: correlation with tumour grade and IDH1 mutational status.

PubMed

Grabner, Günther; Kiesel, Barbara; Wöhrer, Adelheid; Millesi, Matthias; Wurzer, Aygül; Göd, Sabine; Mallouhi, Ammar; Knosp, Engelbert; Marosi, Christine; Trattnig, Siegfried; Wolfsberger, Stefan; Preusser, Matthias; Widhalm, Georg

2017-04-01

To investigate the value of local image variance (LIV) as a new technique for quantification of hypointense microvascular susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) structures at 7 Tesla for preoperative glioma characterization. Adult patients with neuroradiologically suspected diffusely infiltrating gliomas were prospectively recruited and 7 Tesla SWI was performed in addition to standard imaging. After tumour segmentation, quantification of intratumoural SWI hypointensities was conducted by the SWI-LIV technique. Following surgery, the histopathological tumour grade and isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)-R132H mutational status was determined and SWI-LIV values were compared between low-grade gliomas (LGG) and high-grade gliomas (HGG), IDH1-R132H negative and positive tumours, as well as gliomas with significant and non-significant contrast-enhancement (CE) on MRI. In 30 patients, 9 LGG and 21 HGG were diagnosed. The calculation of SWI-LIV values was feasible in all tumours. Significantly higher mean SWI-LIV values were found in HGG compared to LGG (92.7 versus 30.8; p < 0.0001), IDH1-R132H negative compared to IDH1-R132H positive gliomas (109.9 versus 38.3; p < 0.0001) and tumours with significant CE compared to non-significant CE (120.1 versus 39.0; p < 0.0001). Our data indicate that 7 Tesla SWI-LIV might improve preoperative characterization of diffusely infiltrating gliomas and thus optimize patient management by quantification of hypointense microvascular structures. • 7 Tesla local image variance helps to quantify hypointense susceptibility-weighted imaging structures. • SWI-LIV is significantly increased in high-grade and IDH1-R132H negative gliomas. • SWI-LIV is a promising technique for improved preoperative glioma characterization. • Preoperative management of diffusely infiltrating gliomas will be optimized.

Time-Resolved Diffuse Optical Spectroscopy and Imaging Using Solid-State Detectors: Characteristics, Present Status, and Research Challenges

PubMed Central

Alayed, Mrwan

2017-01-01

Diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS) and diffuse optical imaging (DOI) are emerging non-invasive imaging modalities that have wide spread potential applications in many fields, particularly for structural and functional imaging in medicine. In this article, we review time-resolved diffuse optical imaging (TR-DOI) systems using solid-state detectors with a special focus on Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPADs) and Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs). These TR-DOI systems can be categorized into two types based on the operation mode of the detector (free-running or time-gated). For the TR-DOI prototypes, the physical concepts, main components, figures-of-merit of detectors, and evaluation parameters are described. The performance of TR-DOI prototypes is evaluated according to the parameters used in common protocols to test DOI systems particularly basic instrumental performance (BIP). In addition, the potential features of SPADs and SiPMs to improve TR-DOI systems and expand their applications in the foreseeable future are discussed. Lastly, research challenges and future developments for TR-DOI are discussed for each component in the prototype separately and also for the entire system. PMID:28906462

Diffusion of breast conserving surgery in medical communities.

PubMed

Jerome-D'Emilia, Bonnie; Begun, James W

2005-01-01

Excluding skin cancers, breast cancer is the most common form of cancer in women. Due to an increased focus on early detection, many more cases of breast cancer are now diagnosed at an early stage, which makes the use of breast conserving surgery (BCS) an efficacious and often more desirable treatment choice than mastectomy. An analysis of the variation in the use of BCS in the United States was performed using data from the years 1988 and 1994, and stratifying hospitals on the basis of teaching status. In both 1988 and 1994, BCS was highest in academic teaching hospitals and lowest in community hospitals. This finding is interpreted within the framework of classical diffusion theory. Social and cultural norms in local medical communities have a strong effect on the degree to which innovations diffuse rapidly or not. This analysis is useful in the understanding of geographic and hospital-based variations in treatment for early stage breast cancer and other illnesses that have long and strongly held traditions of treatment.

The diffuse infrared background - COBE and other observations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hauser, M. G.; Kelsall, T.; Moseley, S. H., Jr.; Silverberg, R. F.; Murdock, T.; Toller, G.; Spiesman, W.; Weiland, J.

1991-01-01

The Diffuse Infrared Background Experiment (DIRBE) on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) satellite is designed to conduct a sensitive search for an isotropic cosmic infrared background radiation over the spectral range from 1 to 300 micrometers. The cumulative emissions of pregalactic, protogalactic, and evolving galactic systems are expected to be recorded in this background. The DIRBE instrument, a 10 spectral band absolute photometer with an 0.7 deg field of view, maps the full sky with high redundancy at solar elongation angles ranging from 64 to 124 degrees to facilitate separation of interplanetary, Galactic, and extragalactic sources of emission. Initial sky maps show the expected character of the foreground emissions, with relative minima at wavelengths of 3.4 micrometers and longward of 100 micrometers. Extensive modelling of the foregrounds, just beginning, will be required to isolate the extragalactic component. In this paper, we summarize the status of diffuse infrared background observations from the DIRBE, and compare preliminary results with those of recent rocket and satellite instruments.

Classical Molecular Dynamics with Mobile Protons.

PubMed

Lazaridis, Themis; Hummer, Gerhard

2017-11-27

An important limitation of standard classical molecular dynamics simulations is the inability to make or break chemical bonds. This restricts severely our ability to study processes that involve even the simplest of chemical reactions, the transfer of a proton. Existing approaches for allowing proton transfer in the context of classical mechanics are rather cumbersome and have not achieved widespread use and routine status. Here we reconsider the combination of molecular dynamics with periodic stochastic proton hops. To ensure computational efficiency, we propose a non-Boltzmann acceptance criterion that is heuristically adjusted to maintain the correct or desirable thermodynamic equilibria between different protonation states and proton transfer rates. Parameters are proposed for hydronium, Asp, Glu, and His. The algorithm is implemented in the program CHARMM and tested on proton diffusion in bulk water and carbon nanotubes and on proton conductance in the gramicidin A channel. Using hopping parameters determined from proton diffusion in bulk water, the model reproduces the enhanced proton diffusivity in carbon nanotubes and gives a reasonable estimate of the proton conductance in gramicidin A.

The Seductive Power of an Innovation: Enrolling Non-Conventional Actors in a Drip Irrigation Community in Morocco

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benouniche, Maya; Errahj, Mostafa; Kuper, Marcel

2016-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze the motivations of non-conventional innovation actors to engage in innovation processes, how their involvement changed the technology and their own social-professional status, and to analyze their role in the diffusion of the innovation. Design/methodology/approach: We studied the innovation process of…

Dynamic quantitative photothermal monitoring of cell death of individual human red blood cells upon glucose depletion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasudevan, Srivathsan; Chen, George Chung Kit; Andika, Marta; Agarwal, Shuchi; Chen, Peng; Olivo, Malini

2010-09-01

Red blood cells (RBCs) have been found to undergo ``programmed cell death,'' or eryptosis, and understanding this process can provide more information about apoptosis of nucleated cells. Photothermal (PT) response, a label-free photothermal noninvasive technique, is proposed as a tool to monitor the cell death process of living human RBCs upon glucose depletion. Since the physiological status of the dying cells is highly sensitive to photothermal parameters (e.g., thermal diffusivity, absorption, etc.), we applied linear PT response to continuously monitor the death mechanism of RBC when depleted of glucose. The kinetics of the assay where the cell's PT response transforms from linear to nonlinear regime is reported. In addition, quantitative monitoring was performed by extracting the relevant photothermal parameters from the PT response. Twofold increases in thermal diffusivity and size reduction were found in the linear PT response during cell death. Our results reveal that photothermal parameters change earlier than phosphatidylserine externalization (used for fluorescent studies), allowing us to detect the initial stage of eryptosis in a quantitative manner. Hence, the proposed tool, in addition to detection of eryptosis earlier than fluorescence, could also reveal physiological status of the cells through quantitative photothermal parameter extraction.

Caspr2 antibody limbic encephalitis is associated with Hashimoto thyroiditis and thymoma.

PubMed

Lee, Chih-Hong; Lin, Jainn-Jim; Lin, Kun-Ju; Chang, Bao-Luen; Hsieh, Hsiang-Yao; Chen, Wei-Hsun; Lin, Kuang-Lin; Fung, Hon-Chung; Wu, Tony

2014-06-15

Contactin-associated protein 2 (Caspr2) antibody is a neuronal surface antibody (NSAb) capable of causing disorders involving central and peripheral nervous systems (PNS). Thymoma can be found in patients with Caspr2 antibodies and is most frequently associated with PNS symptoms. Myasthenia gravis can be found in these patients, but Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT) has not been reported. A 76-year-old woman presented with sub-acute-onset changes in mental status. Further investigations revealed thymoma and HT. The presence of NSAb was tested by immunofluorescence on human embryonic kidney-293 cells. Treatment included corticosteroids, azathioprine, thyroxine, plasmapheresis, and thymectomy. Caspr2 antibody was positive in serum but absent in CSF. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed diffuse cortical atrophy, but did not change significantly after treatments. Brain positron emission tomography (PET) revealed diffuse hypometabolism over the cerebral cortex. The patient's mental status only partially improved. In Caspr2 antibody-associated syndromes, thymoma can occur in patients presenting only with LE, and HT can be an accompanying disease. Brain MRI and PET may not show specific lesions in limbic area. Patients with Caspr2 antibodies and thymoma may not have good prognosis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

FADTTS: functional analysis of diffusion tensor tract statistics.

PubMed

Zhu, Hongtu; Kong, Linglong; Li, Runze; Styner, Martin; Gerig, Guido; Lin, Weili; Gilmore, John H

2011-06-01

The aim of this paper is to present a functional analysis of a diffusion tensor tract statistics (FADTTS) pipeline for delineating the association between multiple diffusion properties along major white matter fiber bundles with a set of covariates of interest, such as age, diagnostic status and gender, and the structure of the variability of these white matter tract properties in various diffusion tensor imaging studies. The FADTTS integrates five statistical tools: (i) a multivariate varying coefficient model for allowing the varying coefficient functions in terms of arc length to characterize the varying associations between fiber bundle diffusion properties and a set of covariates, (ii) a weighted least squares estimation of the varying coefficient functions, (iii) a functional principal component analysis to delineate the structure of the variability in fiber bundle diffusion properties, (iv) a global test statistic to test hypotheses of interest, and (v) a simultaneous confidence band to quantify the uncertainty in the estimated coefficient functions. Simulated data are used to evaluate the finite sample performance of FADTTS. We apply FADTTS to investigate the development of white matter diffusivities along the splenium of the corpus callosum tract and the right internal capsule tract in a clinical study of neurodevelopment. FADTTS can be used to facilitate the understanding of normal brain development, the neural bases of neuropsychiatric disorders, and the joint effects of environmental and genetic factors on white matter fiber bundles. The advantages of FADTTS compared with the other existing approaches are that they are capable of modeling the structured inter-subject variability, testing the joint effects, and constructing their simultaneous confidence bands. However, FADTTS is not crucial for estimation and reduces to the functional analysis method for the single measure. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Photoinduced nanobubble-driven superfast diffusion of nanoparticles imaged by 4D electron microscopy

PubMed Central

Fu, Xuewen; Chen, Bin; Tang, Jau; Zewail, Ahmed H.

2017-01-01

Dynamics of active or propulsive Brownian particles in nonequilibrium status have recently attracted great interest in many fields including artificial micro/nanoscopic motors and biological entities. Understanding of their dynamics can provide insight into the statistical properties of physical and biological systems far from equilibrium. We report the translational dynamics of photon-activated gold nanoparticles (NPs) in water imaged by liquid-cell four-dimensional electron microscopy (4D-EM) with high spatiotemporal resolution. Under excitation of femtosecond laser pulses, we observed that those NPs exhibit superfast diffusive translation with a diffusion constant four to five orders of magnitude greater than that in the absence of laser excitation. The measured diffusion constant follows a power-law dependence on the laser fluence and a linear increase with the laser repetition rate, respectively. This superfast diffusion of the NPs is induced by a strong random driving force arising from the photoinduced steam nanobubbles (NBs) near the NP surface. In contrast, the NPs exhibit a superfast ballistic translation at a short time scale down to nanoseconds. Combining with a physical model simulation, this study reveals a photoinduced NB propulsion mechanism for propulsive motion, providing physical insights into better design of light-activated artificial micro/nanomotors. The liquid-cell 4D-EM also provides the potential of studying other numerical dynamical behaviors in their native environments. PMID:28875170

[Correlations between apparent diffusion coefficient in diffusion?weighted magnetic resonance imaging and molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer masses].

PubMed

Shang, Liu-Tong; Yang, Jia-Fei; Lu, Jing; Wang, Ting-Ting; Zhou, Ying; Xing, Xin-Bo; Wang, Xin-Kun; Yang, Shu-Hui; Hu, Ming-Yan

2017-10-20

To study the correlation of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measured by diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the molecular subtypes and biological prognostic factors of invasive breast cancer masses. Breast MRI data (including dynamic enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging) were collected from 64 patients with pathologically confirmed invasive breast cancer masses (a total of 69 lesions). The mean ADC values of the lesions were calculated and their correlations were analyzed with the 5 molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer and the biological prognostic factors including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and Ki-67 index. The ADC values did not differ significantly among the 5 molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer masses (P>0.05) or among lesions with different ER, PR, or HER2 status (P>0.05). The mean ADC values were significantly higher in Ki-67-positive lesions than in the negative lesions (P=0.023 and negatively correlated with the expressions of Ki-67 (r=-0.249). ADC value can not be used to identify the molecular subtypes of invasive breast cancer masses or to evaluate the biological prognosis of the lesions, but its correlation with Ki-67 expression may help in prognostic evaluation and guiding clinical therapy of the tumors.

Status and Progress of High-efficiency Silicon Solar Cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Shaoqing; Xu, Shuyan

High-efficiency Si solar cells have attracted more and more attention from researchers, scientists, engineers of photovoltaic (PV) industry for the past few decades. Many high-quality researchers and engineers in both academia and industry seek solutions to improve the cell efficiency and reduce the cost. This desire has stimulated a growing number of major research and research infrastructure programmes, and a rapidly increasing number of publications in this filed. This chapter reviews materials, devices and physics of high-efficiency Si solar cells developed over the last 20 years. In this chapter there is a fair number of topics, not only from the material viewpoint, introducing various materials that are required for high-efficiency Si solar cells, such as base materials (FZ-Si, CZ-Si, MCZ-Si and multi-Si), emitter materials (diffused emitter and deposited emitter), passivation materials (Al-back surface field, high-low junction, SiO2, SiO x , SiN x , Al2O3 and a-Si:H), and other functional materials (antireflective layer, TCO and metal electrode), but also from the device and physics point of view, elaborating on physics, cell concept, development and status of all kinds of high-efficiency Si solar cells, such as passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC), passivated emitter and rear locally diffused (PERL), passivated emitter and rear totally diffused (PERT), Pluto, interdigitated back-contacted (IBC), emitter-wrap-through (EWT), metallization-wrap-through (MWT), Heterojunction with intrinsic thin-layer (HIT) and so on. Some representative examples of high-efficiency Si solar cell materials and devices with excellent performance and competitive advantages are presented.

Survival Associations Using Perfusion and Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Patients With Histologic and Genetic Defined Diffuse Glioma World Health Organization Grades II and III.

PubMed

Latysheva, Anna; Eeg Emblem, Kyrre; Server, Andrés; Brandal, Petter; Meling, Torstein R; Pahnke, Jens; Hald, John K

2018-06-12

According to the new World Health Organization 2016 classification for tumors of the central nervous system, 1p/19q codeletion defines the genetic hallmark that differentiates oligodendrogliomas from diffuse astrocytomas. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) histogram analysis can stratify survival in adult patients with genetic defined diffuse glioma grades II and III. Sixty-seven patients with untreated diffuse gliomas World Health Organization grades II and III and known 1p/19q codeletion status were included retrospectively and analyzed using ADC and rCBV maps based on whole-tumor volume histograms. Overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meier and Cox survival analyses adjusted for known survival predictors. Significant longer PFS was associated with homogeneous rCBV distribution-higher rCBVpeak (median, 37 vs 26 months; hazard ratio [HR], 3.2; P = 0.02) in patients with astrocytomas, and heterogeneous rCBV distribution-lower rCBVpeak (median, 46 vs 37 months; HR, 5.3; P < 0.001) and higher rCBVmean (median, 44 vs 39 months; HR, 7.9; P = 0.003) in patients with oligodendrogliomas. Apparent diffusion coefficient parameters (ADCpeak, ADCmean) did not stratify PFS and overall survival. Tumors with heterogeneous perfusion signatures and high average values were associated with longer PFS in patients with oligodendrogliomas. On the contrary, heterogeneous perfusion distribution was associated with poor outcome in patients with diffuse astrocytomas.This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

Public consultation in ethics: an experiment in representative ethics.

PubMed

Burgess, Michael M

2004-01-01

Genome Canada has funded a research project to evaluate the usefulness of different forms of ethical analysis for assessing the moral weight of public opinion in the governance of genomics. This paper will describe a role of public consultation for ethical analysis and a contribution of ethical analysis to public consultation and the governance of genomics/biotechnology. Public consultation increases the robustness of ethical analysis with a more diverse set of moral experiences. Consultation must be carefully and respectfully designed to generate sufficiently diverse and rich accounts of moral experiences. Since dominant groups tend to define ethical or policy issues in a manner that excludes some interests or perspectives, it is important to identify the range of interests that diverse publics hold before defining the issue and scope of the discussion and the premature foreclosure of ethical dialogue. Consequently, a significant contribution of ethical dialogue strengthened by social analysis is to consider the context and non-policy use of power to govern genomics and to sustain social debate on enduring ethical issues.

Recent land-use/land-cover change in the Central California Valley

USGS Publications Warehouse

Soulard, Christopher E.; Wilson, Tamara S.

2013-01-01

Open access to Landsat satellite data has enabled annual analyses of modern land-use and land-cover change (LULCC) for the Central California Valley ecoregion between 2005 and 2010. Our annual LULCC estimates capture landscape-level responses to water policy changes, climate, and economic instability. From 2005 to 2010, agriculture in the region fluctuated along with regulatory-driven changes in water allocation as well as persistent drought conditions. Grasslands and shrublands declined, while developed lands increased in former agricultural and grassland/shrublands. Development rates stagnated in 2007, coinciding with the onset of the historic foreclosure crisis in California and the global economic downturn. We utilized annual LULCC estimates to generate interval-based LULCC estimates (2000–2005 and 2005–2010) and extend existing 27 year interval-based land change monitoring through 2010. Resulting change data provides insights into the drivers of landscape change in the Central California Valley ecoregion and represents the first, continuous, 37 year mapping effort of its kind.

No Dog Left Behind: A Hedonic Pricing Model for Animal Shelters.

PubMed

Reese, Laura A; Skidmore, Mark; Dyar, William; Rosebrook, Erika

2017-01-01

Companion animal overpopulation is a growing problem in the United States. In addition to strays, an average of 324,500 nonhuman animals are relinquished to shelters yearly by their caregivers due to family disruption (divorce, death), foreclosure, economic problems, or minor behavioral issues. As a result, estimates of animals in shelters range from 3 million to 8 million, and due to overcrowding, euthanasia is common. This analysis seeks to determine the appropriate pricing mechanisms to clear animal shelters of dogs in the manner most desirable-that is, through adoption. Based on a survey of Michigan residents, it is clear there are a number of correlations between the traits of dogs and the individuals who care for them. Hedonic pricing models indicate that animal shelters need to proactively vary their pricing systems to discount particular traits, specifically for mixed-breed, older, and black dogs. Premiums can be charged for puppies, purebred dogs, and those who have received specific services such as microchipping.

Local house prices and mental health.

PubMed

Joshi, Nayan Krishna

2016-03-01

This paper examines the impact of local (county-level) house prices on individual self-reported mental health using individual level data from the United States Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System between 2005 and 2011. Exploiting a fixed-effects model that relies on within-county variations, relative to the corresponding changes in other counties, I find that while individuals are likely to experience worse self-reported mental health when local house prices decline, this association is most pronounced for individuals who are least likely to be homeowners. This finding is not consistent with a prediction from a pure wealth mechanism but rather with the hypothesis that house prices act as an economic barometer. I also demonstrate that the association between self-reported mental health and local house prices is not driven by unemployment or foreclosure. The primary result-that lower local house prices have adverse impact on self-reported mental health of homeowners and renters-is consistent with studies using data from the United Kingdom.

Identifying Social Determinants of Health and Legal Needs for Children With Special Health Care Needs.

PubMed

DeJong, Neal A; Wood, Charles T; Morreale, Madlyn C; Ellis, Cameron; Davis, Darragh; Fernandez, Jorge; Steiner, Michael J

2016-03-01

Children with special health care needs (CSHCN) require comprehensive care with high levels of community and government assistance. Medical-legal partnerships may be particularly suited to address needs for this population. To explore this, we conducted in-depth telephone interviews of families of CSHCN cared for in the primary care practice of our tertiary care children's hospital. The majority of the sample (N = 46) had been late on housing payments and 17% of homeowners had been threatened with foreclosure. Families frequently reported denial of public benefits. Approximately 10% had executed advance planning documents such as guardianship plans for the children or wills for the parents. A minority of families had sought help from community agencies or lawyers. Less than one third had ever discussed any of the issues with health care providers, but two thirds were likely or very likely to in the future. CSHCN may especially benefit from the social support of a medical-legal partnership. © The Author(s) 2015.

Extent of BOLD Vascular Dysregulation Is Greater in Diffuse Gliomas without Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 R132H Mutation.

PubMed

Englander, Zachary K; Horenstein, Craig I; Bowden, Stephen G; Chow, Daniel S; Otten, Marc L; Lignelli, Angela; Bruce, Jeffrey N; Canoll, Peter; Grinband, Jack

2018-06-01

Purpose To determine the effect that R132H mutation status of diffuse glioma has on extent of vascular dysregulation and extent of residual blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) abnormality after surgical resection. Materials and Methods This study was an institutional review board-approved retrospective analysis of an institutional database of patients, and informed consent was waived. From 2010 to 2017, 39 treatment-naïve patients with diffuse glioma underwent preoperative echo-planar imaging and BOLD functional magnetic resonance imaging. BOLD vascular dysregulation maps were made by identifying voxels with time series similar to tumor and dissimilar to healthy brain. The spatial overlap between tumor and vascular dysregulation was characterized by using the Dice coefficient, and areas of BOLD abnormality outside the tumor margins were quantified as BOLD-only fraction (BOF). Linear regression was used to assess effects of R132H status on the Dice coefficient, BOF, and residual BOLD abnormality after surgical resection. Results When compared with R132H wild-type (R132H-) gliomas, R132H-mutated (R132H+) gliomas showed greater spatial overlap between BOLD abnormality and tumor (mean Dice coefficient, 0.659 ± 0.02 [standard error] for R132H+ and 0.327 ± 0.04 for R132H-; P < .001), less BOLD abnormality beyond the tumor margin (mean BOF, 0.255 ± 0.03 for R132H+ and 0.728 ± 0.04 for R132H-; P < .001), and less postoperative BOLD abnormality (residual fraction, 0.046 ± 0.0047 for R132H+ and 0.397 ± 0.045 for R132H-; P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed high sensitivity and specificity in the discrimination of R132H+ tumors from R132H- tumors with calculation of both Dice coefficient and BOF (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.967 and 0.977, respectively). Conclusion R132H mutation status is an important variable affecting the extent of tumor-associated vascular dysregulation and the residual vascular dysregulation after surgical resection. © RSNA, 2018 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Non-convulsive status epilepticus and consciousness disturbance after star fruit (Averrhoa carambola) ingestion in a dialysis patient.

PubMed

Chang, Chung-Hsin; Yeh, Jiann-Horng

2004-12-01

Star fruit ingestion may induce severe neurological complications in chronic renal failure patients. We present a case on maintenance dialysis therapy who developed a consciousness disturbance without convulsion after eating star fruit. The symptoms became aggravated after haemodialysis. The brain computed tomography scan showed no abnormal findings, but the electroencephalogram found active focal sharp waves in the left central regions and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging also showed hyperintense lesions in the left central regions that were compatible with non-convulsive status epilepticus. His condition improved dramatically after anticonvulsant therapy and regular haemodialysis. The patient was discharged 20 days later without neurological sequela.

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopic modeling for combustion diagnostics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, R. J.

1983-01-01

The status of modelling the coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) spectra of molecules important in combustion, such as N2, H2O, and CO2, is reviewed. It is shown that accurate modelling generally requires highly precise knowledge of line positions and reasonable estimates of Raman linewidths, and the sources of these data are discussed. CARS technique and theory is reviewed, and the status of modelling the phenomenon of collisional narrowing at pressures well above atmospheric for N2, H2O, and CO2 is described. It is shown that good agreement with experiment can be achieved using either the Gordon rotational diffusion model or phenomenological models for inelastic energy transfer rates.

Status of the University of Rochester tandem upgrade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cross, Clinton; Miller, Thomas

1986-05-01

The status of the University of Rochester tandem Van de Graaff accelerator upgrade is reviewed. The accelerator upgrade to 18 MV consists of extended tubes, shielded resistors, dead-section ion pumping, two rotating insulating power shaft systems to provide power to the dead sections and terminal, and a pelletron charging system to replace the charging belt. Control of many of the accelerator operating systems will be done by two IBM personal computers. The negative ion injector diffusion pump, isolation transformer, preacceleration high-voltage power supply, and high-voltage corona enclosure will all be replaced. Finally, the SF6 gas handling system will be improved with the addition of a second set of gas dryers and a larger recirculating pump.

Symptoms of depression and anxiety in Serbian patients with systemic sclerosis: impact of disease severity and socioeconomic factors.

PubMed

Ostojic, Predrag; Zivojinovic, Sladjana; Reza, Tamara; Damjanov, Nemanja

2010-08-01

This study aimed to assess symptoms of depression and anxiety in Serbian patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and to estimate the impact of disease severity and socioeconomic factors on development of depression and anxiety in SSc. Thirty-five patients with SSc and 30 age- and gender-matched healthy individuals participated. Symptoms of depression and anxiety were evaluated using the Beck's depression inventory and Zung's anxiety self-assessment scale. We estimated the impact of gender, age, economic status, marital status, disease duration, disease subset (limited or diffuse), and some clinical features on development of depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients with SSc. Symptoms of depression were found in 68.6% of patients (compared with 23.3% in the control group), were more frequent in patients with longer disease duration and in female and older patients, and were more common in unemployed and retired patients than in employed individuals. No differences in anxiety and depressive symptoms was noticed between patients with limited and diffuse SSc or those with or without restrictive lung disease, pulmonary hypertension, finger-tip ulcers, and heart involvement. Symptoms of depression were associated with severe pain. Symptoms of anxiety were found in 80% of patients compared with 13.3% of healthy individuals and were equally as frequent in patients of different gender, age, socioeconomic status, and disease duration and severity. Symptoms of depression and anxiety are common in Serbian patients with SSc. Depressive symptoms depended mostly on socioeconomic factors, disease duration, and pain intensity, whereas disease severity had no significant impact on development of depressive symptoms and anxiety.

Rich table but short life: Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis in Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546-1601) and its possible consequences

PubMed Central

Kacki, Sacha; Lynnerup, Niels; Kaupová, Sylva; Jeanson, Alizé Lacoste; Povýšil, Ctibor; Horák, Martin; Kučera, Jan; Rasmussen, Kaare Lund; Podliska, Jaroslav; Dragoun, Zdeněk; Smolík, Jiří; Vellev, Jens; Brůžek, Jaroslav

2018-01-01

The exhumation of Danish astronomer Tycho Brahe (1546–1601) was performed in 2010 to verify speculative views on the cause of his death. Previous analyses of skeletal and hair remains recovered from his grave refuted the presumption that he died from poisoning. These studies also outlined the possibility that he actually died from an acute illness, echoing the rather vague and inaccurate testimony of some historical records. We performed a detailed paleopathological analysis of Tycho Brahe’s skeletal remains, along with a reconstruction of his diet based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes analysis and an estimate of his physical status (relative body fat) based on medullar and cortical dimensions of the femoral shaft. The astronomer’s remains exhibit bone changes indicative of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). The study further allows us to classify him as obese (100% reliability according to our decision tree designed from Danish males), and points out his rich diet (high input of animal protein and/or marine resources) and high social status. Comorbidities of DISH and obesity are reviewed, and their influence on health status is discussed. We further consider some conditions associated with metabolic syndrome as possible causes of Tycho Brahe’s final symptoms (urinary retention, renal failure and coma), including diabetes, alcoholic ketoacidosis and benign prostatic hypertrophy. Although a definite and specific diagnosis cannot be established, our study points to today’s civilization diseases often associated with DISH and metabolic syndrome as the possible cause of death of Tycho Brahe. PMID:29672561

TP53 Mutation Status of Tubo-ovarian and Peritoneal High-grade Serous Carcinoma with a Wild-type p53 Immunostaining Pattern.

PubMed

Na, Kiyong; Sung, Ji-Youn; Kim, Hyun-Soo

2017-12-01

Diffuse and strong nuclear p53 immunoreactivity and a complete lack of p53 expression are regarded as indicative of missense and nonsense mutations, respectively, of the TP53 gene. Tubo-ovarian and peritoneal high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is characterized by aberrant p53 expression induced by a TP53 mutation. However, our experience with some HGSC cases with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern led us to comprehensively review previous cases and investigate the TP53 mutational status of the exceptional cases. We analyzed the immunophenotype of 153 cases of HGSC and performed TP53 gene sequencing analysis in those with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. Immunostaining revealed that 109 (71.3%) cases displayed diffuse and strong p53 expression (missense mutation pattern), while 39 (25.5%) had no p53 expression (nonsense mutation pattern). The remaining five cases of HGSC showed a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern. Direct sequencing analysis revealed that three of these cases harbored nonsense TP53 mutations and two had novel splice site deletions. TP53 mutation is almost invariably present in HGSC, and p53 immunostaining can be used as a surrogate marker of TP53 mutation. In cases with a wild-type p53 immunostaining pattern, direct sequencing for TP53 mutational status can be helpful to confirm the presence of a TP53 mutation. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Nonarticular tenderness and functional status in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis.

PubMed

Mader, Reuven; Novofastovski, Irina; Rosner, Ehud; Adawi, Muhammad; Herer, Paula; Buskila, Dan

2010-09-01

To investigate the degree of nonarticular tenderness and functional status in patients with diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH). We assessed these variables' correlation with their clinical, radiographic, and constitutional measurements and with metabolic syndrome (MS). Eighty-seven patients with DISH were compared with 65 controls without DISH. Examination of nonarticular tenderness was performed by thumb palpation. Tenderness was scored for the 18 fibromyalgia tender points (TP), and 4 control points. Nonarticular tenderness was expressed by the number of TP and by the total tenderness score (TTS). The Short Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ II) was administered to all participants. Clinical and laboratory data were collected from all patients. Patients were classified as having MS by both the National Cholesterol Education Program and World Health Organization definitions. There was a statistically significant difference in TTS between controls and patients with DISH. The mean tenderness of many individual TP was significantly higher in the DISH group compared with the control group. TP counts, TTS, and body mass index (BMI) positively correlated with the HAQ II. There was a linear trend in intensity of T-spine bony bridges (BB) and the total number of TP as well as many individual TP. Patients with DISH were more likely to be affected by MS. No correlation was found between TP count, TTS, and MS. Patients with DISH have a lower pain threshold than patients who do not have DISH. TP count and TTS correlate with the functional status, BMI, waist circumference, and high-grade BB. No correlation was observed between pain threshold and MS.

Progression of regional neuropathology in Alzheimer disease and normal elderly: findings from the Nun study.

PubMed

Wolf, D S; Gearing, M; Snowdon, D A; Mori, H; Markesbery, W R; Mirra, S S

1999-01-01

Although diffuse plaques in the neocortex may represent an early stage in the evolution of neuritic plaques, plaques in the striatum and cerebellum retain their predominantly diffuse nature in Alzheimer disease (AD), regardless of disease duration. We had the opportunity to explore the progression of these regional features by using autopsy brain specimens from 15 cognitively normal and five AD subjects, all Catholic sisters enrolled in the Nun Study, a longitudinal study on aging and AD. Neuropathologic changes were assessed in the temporal cortex, striatum, and cerebellum without knowledge of clinical status. We found diffuse plaques in the striatum in six (40%) and cerebellar plaques in none of the brains from the non-demented subjects. Striatal plaques were present in all five and cerebellar plaques in four of the five AD cases. In the 20 cases overall, the presence of striatal plaques generally paralleled the occurrence of neuritic plaques in neocortex and correlated with lower scores on several neuropsychologic tests assessing memory. Our findings suggest that striatal diffuse plaques occur relatively early in the progression of AD pathology and coincide with neocortical pathology and cognitive changes. Thus, it is unlikely that temporal factors alone account for regional differences in progression of AD neuropathology.

FADTTSter: accelerating hypothesis testing with functional analysis of diffusion tensor tract statistics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noel, Jean; Prieto, Juan C.; Styner, Martin

2017-03-01

Functional Analysis of Diffusion Tensor Tract Statistics (FADTTS) is a toolbox for analysis of white matter (WM) fiber tracts. It allows associating diffusion properties along major WM bundles with a set of covariates of interest, such as age, diagnostic status and gender, and the structure of the variability of these WM tract properties. However, to use this toolbox, a user must have an intermediate knowledge in scripting languages (MATLAB). FADTTSter was created to overcome this issue and make the statistical analysis accessible to any non-technical researcher. FADTTSter is actively being used by researchers at the University of North Carolina. FADTTSter guides non-technical users through a series of steps including quality control of subjects and fibers in order to setup the necessary parameters to run FADTTS. Additionally, FADTTSter implements interactive charts for FADTTS' outputs. This interactive chart enhances the researcher experience and facilitates the analysis of the results. FADTTSter's motivation is to improve usability and provide a new analysis tool to the community that complements FADTTS. Ultimately, by enabling FADTTS to a broader audience, FADTTSter seeks to accelerate hypothesis testing in neuroimaging studies involving heterogeneous clinical data and diffusion tensor imaging. This work is submitted to the Biomedical Applications in Molecular, Structural, and Functional Imaging conference. The source code of this application is available in NITRC.

Effects of insulin resistance on white matter microstructure in middle-aged and older adults

PubMed Central

Coutu, Jean-Philippe; Rosas, H. Diana; Salat, David H.

2014-01-01

Objective: To investigate the potential relationship between insulin resistance (IR) and white matter (WM) microstructure using diffusion tensor imaging in cognitively healthy middle-aged and older adults. Methods: Diffusion tensor imaging was acquired from 127 individuals (age range 41–86 years). IR was evaluated by the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR). Participants were divided into 2 groups based on HOMA-IR values: “high HOMA-IR” (≥2.5, n = 27) and “low HOMA-IR” (<2.5, n = 100). Cross-sectional voxel-based comparisons were performed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics and anatomically defined regions of interest analysis. Results: The high HOMA-IR group demonstrated decreased axial diffusivity broadly throughout the cerebral WM in areas such as the corpus callosum, corona radiata, cerebral peduncle, posterior thalamic radiation, and right superior longitudinal fasciculus, and WM underlying the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, as well as decreased fractional anisotropy in the body and genu of corpus callosum and parts of the superior and anterior corona radiata, compared with the low HOMA-IR group, independent of age, WM signal abnormality volume, and antihypertensive medication status. These regions additionally demonstrated linear associations between diffusion measures and HOMA-IR across all subjects, with higher HOMA-IR values being correlated with lower axial diffusivity. Conclusions: In generally healthy adults, greater IR is associated with alterations in WM tissue integrity. These cross-sectional findings suggest that IR contributes to WM microstructural alterations in middle-aged and older adults. PMID:24771537

Stress, social support, emotional regulation, and exacerbation of diffuse plaque psoriasis.

PubMed

Picardi, A; Mazzotti, E; Gaetano, P; Cattaruzza, M S; Baliva, G; Melchi, C F; Biondi, M; Pasquini, P

2005-01-01

The authors' aim was to investigate the role of stressful events, perceived social support, attachment security, and alexithymia in triggering exacerbations of diffuse plaque psoriasis. Inpatients experiencing a recent exacerbation of diffuse plaque psoriasis (N=33) were compared with inpatients with skin conditions believed to have a negligible psychosomatic component (N=73). Stressful events during the last year were assessed with Paykel's Interview for Recent Life Events. Attachment style, alexithymia, and perceived social support were assessed with the Experiences in Close Relationships questionnaire, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, respectively. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to control for age, gender, education, marital status, and alcohol consumption. In relation to comparison subjects, the patients with psoriasis had lower perceived social support and higher attachment-related avoidance. Also, they were more likely to have high alexithymic characteristics. There were no differences between the patients with psoriasis and the comparison subjects in scores on the Experiences in Close Relationships anxiety scale, the total number of stressful events, and the number of undesirable, uncontrollable, or major events. Although caution should be applied in generalizing these findings to outpatients, this study suggests that alexithymia, attachment-related avoidance, and poor social support might increase susceptibility to exacerbations of diffuse plaque psoriasis, possibly through impaired emotional regulation. Several physiological mechanisms involving the neuroendocrine and the immune system might mediate the interplay between stress, personality, and diffuse plaque psoriasis.

Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (ADC) value: a potential imaging biomarker that reflects the biological features of rectal cancer.

PubMed

Sun, Yiqun; Tong, Tong; Cai, Sanjun; Bi, Rui; Xin, Chao; Gu, Yajia

2014-01-01

We elected to analyze the correlation between the pre-treatment apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and the clinical, histological, and immunohistochemical status of rectal cancers. Forty-nine rectal cancer patients who received surgical resection without neoadjuvant therapy were selected that underwent primary MRI and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Tumor ADC values were determined and analyzed to identify any correlations between these values and pre-treatment CEA or CA19-9 levels, and/or the histological and immunohistochemical properties of the tumor. Inter-observer agreement of confidence levels from two separate observers was suitable for ADC measurement (k  =  0.775). The pre-treatment ADC values of different T stage tumors were not equal (p  =  0.003). The overall trend was that higher T stage values correlated with lower ADC values. ADC values were also significantly lower for the following conditions: tumors with the presence of extranodal tumor deposits (p  =  0.006) and tumors with CA19-9 levels ≥ 35 g/ml (p  =  0.006). There was a negative correlation between Ki-67 LI and the ADC value (r  =  -0.318, p  =  0.026) and between the AgNOR count and the ADC value (r  =  -0.310, p  =  0.030). Significant correlations were found between the pre-treatment ADC values and T stage, extranodal tumor deposits, CA19-9 levels, Ki-67 LI, and AgNOR counts in our study. Lower ADC values were associated with more aggressive tumor behavior. Therefore, the ADC value may represent a useful biomarker for assessing the biological features and possible relationship to the status of identified rectal cancers.

Neural net classification of liver ultrasonogram for quantitative evaluation of diffuse liver disease

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Dong Hyuk; Kim, JongHyo; Kim, Hee C.; Lee, Yong W.; Min, Byong Goo

1997-04-01

There have been a number of studies on the quantitative evaluation of diffuse liver disease by using texture analysis technique. However, the previous studies have been focused on the classification between only normal and abnormal pattern based on textural properties, resulting in lack of clinically useful information about the progressive status of liver disease. Considering our collaborative research experience with clinical experts, we judged that not only texture information but also several shape properties are necessary in order to successfully classify between various states of disease with liver ultrasonogram. Nine image parameters were selected experimentally. One of these was texture parameter and others were shape parameters measured as length, area and curvature. We have developed a neural-net algorithm that classifies liver ultrasonogram into 9 categories of liver disease: 3 main category and 3 sub-steps for each. Nine parameters were collected semi- automatically from the user by using graphical user interface tool, and then processed to give a grade for each parameter. Classifying algorithm consists of two steps. At the first step, each parameter was graded into pre-defined levels using neural network. in the next step, neural network classifier determined disease status using graded nine parameters. We implemented a PC based computer-assist diagnosis workstation and installed it in radiology department of Seoul National University Hospital. Using this workstation we collected 662 cases during 6 months. Some of these were used for training and others were used for evaluating accuracy of the developed algorithm. As a conclusion, a liver ultrasonogram classifying algorithm was developed using both texture and shape parameters and neural network classifier. Preliminary results indicate that the proposed algorithm is useful for evaluation of diffuse liver disease.

Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Findings During Therapy Predict Outcome in Patients With Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Treated With Chemotherapy Alone but Not in Those Who Receive Consolidation Radiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dabaja, Bouthaina S., E-mail: bdabaja@mdanderson.org; Hess, Kenneth; Shihadeh, Ferial

2014-06-01

Purpose: To assess the value of mid-therapy positron emission tomography (PET) findings for predicting survival and disease progression in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, considering type of therapy (chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy). Methods and Materials: We retrospectively evaluated 294 patients with histologically confirmed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with respect to age, sex, disease stage, International Prognostic Index score, mid-therapy PET findings (positive or negative), and disease status after therapy and at last follow-up. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were compared according to mid-therapy PET findings. Results: Of the 294 patients, 163 (55%) were male, 144more » (49%) were age >61 years, 110 (37%) had stage I or II disease, 219 (74%) had International Prognostic Index score ≤2, 216 (73%) received ≥6 cycles of rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone, and 88 (30%) received consolidation radiation therapy. Five-year PFS and OS rates were associated with mid-therapy PET status: PFS was 78% for those with PET-negative (PET−) disease versus 63% for PET-positive (PET+) disease (P=.024), and OS was 82% for PET− versus 62% for PET+ (P<.002). These associations held true for patients who received chemotherapy only (PFS 71% for PET− vs 52% PET+ [P=.012], OS 78% for PET− and 51% for PET+ [P=.0055]) but not for those who received consolidation radiation therapy (PFS 84% PET− vs 81% PET+ [P=.88]; OS 90% PET− vs 81% PET+ [P=.39]). Conclusion: Mid-therapy PET can predict patient outcome, but the use of consolidation radiation therapy may negate the significance of mid-therapy findings.« less

Modelling latrine diffusion in Benin: towards a community typology of demand for improved sanitation in developing countries.

PubMed

Jenkins, Marion W; Cairncross, Sandy

2010-03-01

Latrine diffusion patterns across 502 villages in Benin, West Africa, were analysed to explore factors driving initial and increasing levels of household adoption in low-coverage rural areas of sub-Saharan Africa. Variables explaining adoption related to population density, size, infrastructure/services, non-agricultural occupations, road and urban proximity, and the nearby latrine adoption rate, capturing differences in the physical and social environment, lifestyles and latrine exposure involved in stimulating status/prestige and well-being reasons for latrine adoption. Contagion was most important in explaining adoption initiation. Cluster analysis revealed four distinct village typologies of demand for latrines which provide a framework for tailoring promotional interventions to better match the different sanitation demand characteristics of communities in scaling-up sanitation development and promotion programmes.

Motor skill learning is associated with diffusion characteristics of white matter in individuals with chronic stroke.

PubMed

Borich, Michael R; Brown, Katlyn E; Boyd, Lara A

2014-07-01

Imaging advances allow investigation of white matter after stroke; a growing body of literature has shown links between diffusion-based measures of white matter microstructure and motor function. However, the relationship between these measures and motor skill learning has not been considered in individuals with stroke. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between posttraining white matter microstructural status, as indexed by diffusion tensor imaging within the ipsilesional posterior limb of the internal capsule (PLIC), and learning of a novel motor task in individuals with chronic stroke. A total of 13 participants with chronic stroke and 9 healthy controls practiced a visuomotor pursuit task across 5 sessions. Change in motor behavior associated with learning was indexed by comparing baseline performance with a delayed retention test. Fractional anisotropy (FA) indexed at the retention test was the primary diffusion tensor imaging-derived outcome measure. In individuals with chronic stroke, we discovered an association between posttraining ipsilesional PLIC FA and the magnitude of change associated with motor learning; hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses revealed that the combination of age, time poststroke, and ipsilesional PLIC FA posttraining was associated with motor learning-related change (R = 0.649; P = 0.02). Baseline motor performance was not related to posttraining ipsilesional PLIC FA. Diffusion characteristics of posttraining ipsilesional PLIC were linked to the magnitude of change in skilled motor behavior. These results imply that the microstructural properties of regional white matter indexed by diffusion behavior may be an important factor to consider when determining potential response to rehabilitation in persons with stroke. (see Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, http://links.lww.com/JNPT/A59) for more insights from the authors.

Correlation of Diffusion and Metabolic Alterations in Different Clinical Forms of Multiple Sclerosis

PubMed Central

Hannoun, Salem; Bagory, Matthieu; Durand-Dubief, Francoise; Ibarrola, Danielle; Comte, Jean-Christophe; Confavreux, Christian; Cotton, Francois; Sappey-Marinier, Dominique

2012-01-01

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) provide greater sensitivity than conventional MRI to detect diffuse alterations in normal appearing white matter (NAWM) of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) patients with different clinical forms. Therefore, the goal of this study is to combine DTI and MRSI measurements to analyze the relation between diffusion and metabolic markers, T2-weighted lesion load (T2-LL) and the patients clinical status. The sensitivity and specificity of both methods were then compared in terms of MS clinical forms differentiation. MR examination was performed on 71 MS patients (27 relapsing remitting (RR), 26 secondary progressive (SP) and 18 primary progressive (PP)) and 24 control subjects. DTI and MRSI measurements were obtained from two identical regions of interest selected in left and right centrum semioval (CSO) WM. DTI metrics and metabolic contents were significantly altered in MS patients with the exception of N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA) and NAA/Choline (Cho) ratio in RR patients. Significant correlations were observed between diffusion and metabolic measures to various degrees in every MS patients group. Most DTI metrics were significantly correlated with the T2-LL while only NAA/Cr ratio was correlated in RR patients. A comparison analysis of MR methods efficiency demonstrated a better sensitivity/specificity of DTI over MRSI. Nevertheless, NAA/Cr ratio could distinguish all MS and SP patients groups from controls, while NAA/Cho ratio differentiated PP patients from controls. This study demonstrated that diffusivity changes related to microstructural alterations were correlated with metabolic changes and provided a better sensitivity to detect early changes, particularly in RR patients who are more subject to inflammatory processes. In contrast, the better specificity of metabolic ratios to detect axonal damage and demyelination may provide a better index for identification of PP patients. PMID:22479330

Looking on the bright side: the role of identity status and gender on positive orientations during emerging adulthood.

PubMed

Padilla-Walker, Laura M; Barry, Carolyn McNamara; Carroll, Jason S; Madsen, Stephanie D; Nelson, Larry J

2008-08-01

Emerging adulthood has been characterized as an age of possibilities that involves heightened identity exploration and risk-taking. Although some scholars have investigated the relation between identity status and risk behaviors in emerging adulthood, less attention has been paid to the relation between identity status and prosocial orientations. Thus, the current study examined how emerging adults' engagement in positive behaviors (i.e., prosocial tendencies, internalization of values, religiosity) varied as a function of identity status and gender. Results indicated that emerging adults who were in identity diffusion reported fewer prosocial tendencies, lower scores on internalization of values and lower religiosity, but emerging adults who were experiencing moratorium reported prosocial tendencies and levels of religiosity as frequently as emerging adults who had reached identity achievement. Also, young women reported higher levels of emotional and altruistic prosocial tendencies, higher levels of internalization of values, and higher levels of religiosity than did young men. The discussion focuses on emerging adulthood as a period of possibilities and exploration for not only risk behaviors, but prosocial behaviors as well.

On the Progression and Stability of Adolescent Identity Formation: A Five-Wave Longitudinal Study in Early-to-Middle and Middle-to-Late Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meeus, Wim; Van De Schoot, Rens; Keijsers, Loes; Schwartz, Seth J.; Branje, Susan

2010-01-01

This study examined identity development in a 5-wave study of 923 early-to-middle and 390 middle-to-late adolescents thereby covering the ages of 12-20. Systematic evidence for identity progression was found: The number of diffusions, moratoriums, and searching moratoriums (a newly obtained status) decreased, whereas the representation of the…

Diffuse optical measurements of head and neck tumor hemodynamics for early prediction of chemoradiation therapy outcomes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dong, Lixin; Kudrimoti, Mahesh; Irwin, Daniel; Chen, Li; Kumar, Sameera; Shang, Yu; Huang, Chong; Johnson, Ellis L.; Stevens, Scott D.; Shelton, Brent J.; Yu, Guoqiang

2016-08-01

This study used a hybrid near-infrared diffuse optical instrument to monitor tumor hemodynamic responses to chemoradiation therapy for early prediction of treatment outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer. Forty-seven patients were measured once per week to evaluate the hemodynamic status of clinically involved cervical lymph nodes as surrogates for the primary tumor response. Patients were classified into two groups: complete response (CR) (n=29) and incomplete response (IR) (n=18). Tumor hemodynamic responses were found to be associated with clinical outcomes (CR/IR), wherein the associations differed depending on human papillomavirus (HPV-16) status. In HPV-16 positive patients, significantly lower levels in tumor oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) at weeks 1 to 3, total hemoglobin concentration at week 3, and blood oxygen saturation (StO2) at week 3 were found in the IR group. In HPV-16 negative patients, significantly higher levels in tumor blood flow index and reduced scattering coefficient (μs‧) at week 3 were observed in the IR group. These hemodynamic parameters exhibited significantly high accuracy for early prediction of clinical outcomes, within the first three weeks of therapy, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.83 to 0.96.

Diffuse optical measurements of head and neck tumor hemodynamics for early prediction of chemoradiation therapy outcomes

PubMed Central

Dong, Lixin; Kudrimoti, Mahesh; Irwin, Daniel; Chen, Li; Kumar, Sameera; Shang, Yu; Huang, Chong; Johnson, Ellis L.; Stevens, Scott D.; Shelton, Brent J.; Yu, Guoqiang

2016-01-01

Abstract. This study used a hybrid near-infrared diffuse optical instrument to monitor tumor hemodynamic responses to chemoradiation therapy for early prediction of treatment outcomes in patients with head and neck cancer. Forty-seven patients were measured once per week to evaluate the hemodynamic status of clinically involved cervical lymph nodes as surrogates for the primary tumor response. Patients were classified into two groups: complete response (CR) (n=29) and incomplete response (IR) (n=18). Tumor hemodynamic responses were found to be associated with clinical outcomes (CR/IR), wherein the associations differed depending on human papillomavirus (HPV-16) status. In HPV-16 positive patients, significantly lower levels in tumor oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([HbO2]) at weeks 1 to 3, total hemoglobin concentration at week 3, and blood oxygen saturation (StO2) at week 3 were found in the IR group. In HPV-16 negative patients, significantly higher levels in tumor blood flow index and reduced scattering coefficient (μs′) at week 3 were observed in the IR group. These hemodynamic parameters exhibited significantly high accuracy for early prediction of clinical outcomes, within the first three weeks of therapy, with the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) ranging from 0.83 to 0.96. PMID:27564315

Acute infarction of corpus callosum due to transient obstructive hydrocephalus.

PubMed

Kaymakamzade, Bahar; Eker, Amber

2016-01-01

Acute ischemia of the corpus callosum (CC) is not a well-known feature in patients with acute hydrocephalus. Herein, we describe a case with acute CC infarction due to another rare entity; transient obstructive hydrocephalus. A 66-year-old male was admitted with sudden onset right-sided hemiparesia. CT demonstrated a hematoma on the left basal ganglia with extension to all ventricles. The following day, the patient's neurological status progressed to coma and developed bilateral pyramidal signs. MRI demonstrated obstructive hydrocephalus and acute diffuse infarction accompanied by elevation of the CC. On the same day there was improvement in his neurological status with significant decrease in ventricular size and complete resolution of the clot in the third ventricle. The mechanism of signal abnormalities is probably related with the neural compression of the CC against the falx. Presumably, the clot causing obstruction in the third ventricle dissolved or decayed by the help of fibrinolytic activity of CSF, which was raised after IVH and caused spontaneous improvement of hydrocephalus. Bilateral neurological symptoms suggest diffuse axonal damage and normalization of the intracranial pressure should be performed on the early onset of clinical detorioration in order to prevent axonal injury. Copyright © 2016 Polish Neurological Society. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

National treatment systems in global perspective.

PubMed

Klingemann, H

1999-09-01

Drug policy development is mostly viewed as emerging within the nation state. Processes of diffusion of innovative policies have been neglected to a large extent. The comparative study of public policy has demonstrated, however, that diffusion is an important predictor of early policy adaptation. Thus, the analysis asks the general question of the relative importance of endogenous and exogenous effects on the development of drug policies in various countries. Specifically it describes the Swiss debate leading to the popular initiative on 'Youth Without Drugs' as well as the international reactions regarding its liberal outcome. Results of an expert survey show two broad types of reactions. There is one set of countries where chances for the introduction of limited heroin-prescription trials during the next 5 years are considered probable and a second set of countries which seems to be strictly status quo oriented. In the concluding section a model is suggested which systematically considers endogenous as well as exogenous predictors of 'soft' or 'hard' drug policy adoption. Results of a first tentative test of the model are encouraging for future empirical research on diffusion processes of drug policies.

Gold nanorods based diffusion reflection measurements: current status and perspectives for clinical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ankri, Rinat; Fixler, Dror

2017-07-01

Optical imaging is a powerful tool for investigating the structure and function of tissues. Tissue optical imaging technologies are generally discussed under two broad regimes: microscopic and macroscopic, while the latter is widely investigated in the field of light-tissue interaction. Among the developed optical technologies for tissue investigation, the diffusion reflectance (DR) method is a simple and safe technology. However, this method suffers from low specificity and low signal-to-noise ratio, so the extraction of the tissue properties is not an easy task. In this review, we describe the use of gold nanorods (GNRs) in DR spectroscopy. The GNRs present unique optical properties which enhance the scattering and absorption properties of a tissue. The GNRs can be easily targeted toward abnormal sites in order to improve the DR signal and to distinguish between the healthy and the abnormal sites in the tissue, with high specificity. This article describes the use of the DR-GNRs method for the detection of cancer and atherosclerosis, from light transfer theory, through the extraction of the tissue properties using the diffusion theory and up to DR in vivo measurements.

Measuring biological responses at different levels of organisation to assess the effects of diffuse contamination derived from harbour and industrial activities in estuarine areas.

PubMed

de Los Ríos, A; Pérez, L; Echavarri-Erasun, B; Serrano, T; Barbero, M C; Ortiz-Zarragoitia, M; Orbea, A; Juanes, J A; Cajaraville, M P

2016-02-15

To evaluate the effects of diffuse contamination, biological measurements were applied in a scrap cargo harbour, a marina and an industrial area. Metal accumulation and biomarkers (survival in air, digestive gland and gonad histopathology, lysosomal membrane stability, intralysosomal metal accumulation, transcription of vitellogenin and MT20, peroxisome proliferation and micronuclei formation) were measured in transplanted mussels, together with metrics of benthic invertebrates. Benthic species were classified into ecological groups and univariate indexes were calculated. The marina showed high richness (16) and percentage of opportunistic species (55.1%) and low metal accumulation. Mussels in the scrap cargo harbour showed high metal accumulation, up-regulation of MT20 transcription, reduced health status (LP<6 min) and increased micronuclei frequencies (up to 11.3‰). At the industrial area, low species richness (4) and badly organised assemblages were detected and chemical analyses indicated significant amounts of bioavailable metals. Overall, selected biological measurements showed potential for the assessment of diffuse contamination. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Recovering the superficial microvascular pattern via diffuse reflection imaging: phantom validation.

PubMed

Chen, Chen; Florian, Klämpfl; Rajesh, Kanawade; Max, Riemann; Christian, Knipfer; Florian, Stelzle; Michael, Schmidt

2015-09-30

Diffuse reflection imaging could potentially be used to recover the superficial microvasculature under cutaneous tissue and the associated blood oxygenation status with a modified imaging resolution. The aim of this work is to deliver a new approach of local off-axis scanning diffuse reflection imaging, with the revisit of the modified Beer-Lambert Law (MBLL). To validate this, the system is used to recover the micron-scale subsurface vessel structure interiorly embedded in a skin equivalent tissue phantom. This vessel structure is perfused with oxygenated meta-hemoglobin solution. Our preliminary results confirm that the thin vessel structure can be mapped into a 2-D planar image. The distributions of oxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([Formula: see text]) and deoxygenated hemoglobin concentration ([Formula: see text]) can be co-registerated through the MBLL upon the CW spectroscopy, the scattering issue is addressed in the reformed MBLL. The recovered pattern matches to the estimation from the simultaneous optical coherence tomography studies. With further modification, this system may serve as the first prototype to investigate the superficial microvasculature in the expotential skin cancer loci, or a micro-lesion of vascular dermatosis.

Large-scale patterns in summer diffusive CH4 fluxes across boreal lakes, and contribution to diffusive C emissions.

PubMed

Rasilo, Terhi; Prairie, Yves T; Del Giorgio, Paul A

2015-03-01

Lakes are a major component of boreal landscapes, and whereas lake CO2 emissions are recognized as a major component of regional C budgets, there is still much uncertainty associated to lake CH4 fluxes. Here, we present a large-scale study of the magnitude and regulation of boreal lake summer diffusive CH4 fluxes, and their contribution to total lake carbon (C) emissions, based on in situ measurements of concentration and fluxes of CH4 and CO2 in 224 lakes across a wide range of lake type and environmental gradients in Québec. The diffusive CH4 flux was highly variable (mean 11.6 ± 26.4 SD mg m(-2)  d(-1) ), and it was positively correlated with temperature and lake nutrient status, and negatively correlated with lake area and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). The relationship between CH4 and CO2 concentrations fluxes was weak, suggesting major differences in their respective sources and/or regulation. For example, increasing water temperature leads to higher CH4 flux but does not significantly affect CO2 flux, whereas increasing CDOM concentration leads to higher CO2 flux but lower CH4 flux. CH4 contributed to 8 ± 23% to the total lake C emissions (CH4  + CO2 ), but 18 ± 25% to the total flux in terms of atmospheric warming potential, expressed as CO2 -equivalents. The incorporation of ebullition and plant-mediated CH4 fluxes would further increase the importance of lake CH4 . The average Q10 of CH4 flux was 3.7, once other covarying factors were accounted for, but this apparent Q10 varied with lake morphometry and was higher for shallow lakes. We conclude that global climate change and the resulting shifts in temperature will strongly influence lake CH4 fluxes across the boreal biome, but these climate effects may be altered by regional patterns in lake morphometry, nutrient status, and browning. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Investigating the roots of successful IT adoption processes - an empirical study exploring the shared awareness-knowledge of Directors of Nursing and Chief Information Officers.

PubMed

Liebe, J D; Hüsers, J; Hübner, U

2016-01-27

The majority of health IT adoption research focuses on the later stages of the IT adoption process: namely on the implementation phase. The first stage, however, which is defined as the knowledge-stage, remains widely unobserved. Following Rogers' Diffusion of Innovation Theory (DOI) this paper presents a research framework to examine the possible lack of shared IT awareness-knowledge, i.e. an information gradient, of two crucial stakeholders, the Chief Information Officer (CIO) and the Director of Nursing (DoN). This study shall answer the following research questions: (1.) Does this gradient exist? (2.) Which direction does it have? (3.) Are certain health IT (HIT) attributes associated with a potential gradient? (4.) Which determinants of diffusion go along with this gradient? Results of two surveys that focused on the topic "IT support of clinical workflows" from the viewpoint of CIOs and DoNs with corresponding datasets from 75 hospitals were used in a secondary data analysis. The gradient was operationalised by measuring the disagreement of CIOs and DoNs on the availability and implementation status of 29 IT functions. HIT attributes tested were relevance and market penetration of the IT functions, determinants of diffusion were inter-professional leadership and IT service density. The analysis revealed a significant disagreement on the availability of 9 out of 29 HIT functions. In 23 HIT functions, the CIOs reported a higher implementation status than the DoNs, which pointed to a trend for a unidirectional gradient. The disagreement was significantly lower when the relevance of the IT function was high. Both determinants of diffusion correlated significantly negative with the degree of disagreement. This is the first study to empirically examine shared awareness-knowledge of two IT-stakeholders that are crucial for triggering IT adoption on the frontline level in hospitals. It could be shown that a gradient and thus a lack of shared awareness-knowledge existed and was associated with certain factors. In conclusion, hospitals should implement improved cooperation between IT staff and clinicians and IT service density when establishing the prerequisites for successful IT adoption processes.

TP53 Mutational Status Is a Potential Marker for Risk Stratification in Wilms Tumour with Diffuse Anaplasia

PubMed Central

Chagtai, Tasnim; Popov, Sergey D.; Sebire, Neil J.; Vujanic, Gordan; Perlman, Elizabeth; Anderson, James R.; Grundy, Paul; Dome, Jeffrey S.; Pritchard-Jones, Kathy

2014-01-01

Purpose The presence of diffuse anaplasia in Wilms tumours (DAWT) is associated with TP53 mutations and poor outcome. As patients receive intensified treatment, we sought to identify whether TP53 mutational status confers additional prognostic information. Patients and Methods We studied 40 patients with DAWT with anaplasia in the tissue from which DNA was extracted and analysed for TP53 mutations and 17p loss. The majority of cases were profiled by copy number (n = 32) and gene expression (n = 36) arrays. TP53 mutational status was correlated with patient event-free and overall survival, genomic copy number instability and gene expression profiling. Results From the 40 cases, 22 (55%) had TP53 mutations (2 detected only after deep-sequencing), 20 of which also had 17p loss (91%); 18 (45%) cases had no detectable mutation but three had 17p loss. Tumours with TP53 mutations and/or 17p loss (n = 25) had an increased risk of recurrence as a first event (p = 0.03, hazard ratio (HR), 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26–16.0) and death (p = 0.04, HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.36–31.7) compared to tumours lacking TP53 abnormalities. DAWT carrying TP53 mutations showed increased copy number alterations compared to those with wild-type, suggesting a more unstable genome (p = 0.03). These tumours showed deregulation of genes associated with cell cycle and DNA repair biological processes. Conclusion This study provides evidence that TP53 mutational analysis improves risk stratification in DAWT. This requires validation in an independent cohort before clinical use as a biomarker. PMID:25313908

TP53 mutational status is a potential marker for risk stratification in Wilms tumour with diffuse anaplasia.

PubMed

Maschietto, Mariana; Williams, Richard D; Chagtai, Tasnim; Popov, Sergey D; Sebire, Neil J; Vujanic, Gordan; Perlman, Elizabeth; Anderson, James R; Grundy, Paul; Dome, Jeffrey S; Pritchard-Jones, Kathy

2014-01-01

The presence of diffuse anaplasia in Wilms tumours (DAWT) is associated with TP53 mutations and poor outcome. As patients receive intensified treatment, we sought to identify whether TP53 mutational status confers additional prognostic information. We studied 40 patients with DAWT with anaplasia in the tissue from which DNA was extracted and analysed for TP53 mutations and 17p loss. The majority of cases were profiled by copy number (n = 32) and gene expression (n = 36) arrays. TP53 mutational status was correlated with patient event-free and overall survival, genomic copy number instability and gene expression profiling. From the 40 cases, 22 (55%) had TP53 mutations (2 detected only after deep-sequencing), 20 of which also had 17p loss (91%); 18 (45%) cases had no detectable mutation but three had 17p loss. Tumours with TP53 mutations and/or 17p loss (n = 25) had an increased risk of recurrence as a first event (p = 0.03, hazard ratio (HR), 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.26-16.0) and death (p = 0.04, HR, 4.95; 95% CI, 1.36-31.7) compared to tumours lacking TP53 abnormalities. DAWT carrying TP53 mutations showed increased copy number alterations compared to those with wild-type, suggesting a more unstable genome (p = 0.03). These tumours showed deregulation of genes associated with cell cycle and DNA repair biological processes. This study provides evidence that TP53 mutational analysis improves risk stratification in DAWT. This requires validation in an independent cohort before clinical use as a biomarker.

Analysis of the relationships between type 2 diabetes status, glycemic control, and neuroimaging measures in the Diabetes Heart Study Mind.

PubMed

Raffield, Laura M; Cox, Amanda J; Freedman, Barry I; Hugenschmidt, Christina E; Hsu, Fang-Chi; Wagner, Benjamin C; Xu, Jianzhao; Maldjian, Joseph A; Bowden, Donald W

2016-06-01

To examine the relationships between type 2 diabetes (T2D) status, glycemic control, and T2D duration with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived neuroimaging measures in European Americans from the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS) Mind cohort. Relationships were examined using marginal models with generalized estimating equations in 784 participants from 514 DHS Mind families. Fasting plasma glucose, glycated hemoglobin, and diabetes duration were analyzed in 682 participants with T2D. Models were adjusted for potential confounders, including age, sex, history of cardiovascular disease, smoking, educational attainment, and use of statins or blood pressure medications. Association was tested with gray and white matter volume, white matter lesion volume, gray matter cerebral blood flow, and white and gray matter fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity. Adjusting for multiple comparisons, T2D status was associated with reduced white matter volume (p = 2.48 × 10(-6)) and reduced gray and white matter fractional anisotropy (p ≤ 0.001) in fully adjusted models, with a trend toward increased white matter lesion volume (p = 0.008) and increased gray and white matter mean diffusivity (p ≤ 0.031). Among T2D-affected participants, neither fasting glucose, glycated hemoglobin, nor diabetes duration were associated with the neuroimaging measures assessed (p > 0.05). While T2D was significantly associated with MRI-derived neuroimaging measures, differences in glycemic control in T2D-affected individuals in the DHS Mind study do not appear to significantly contribute to variation in these measures. This supports the idea that the presence or absence of T2D, not fine gradations of glycemic control, may be more significantly associated with age-related changes in the brain.

Multilingual Aeronautical Dictionary (Dictionnaire Aeronautique Multilingue)

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

6t6 obtenue des dgifiisatiohs sbiv~nfis; et nodus lei en rerneicions-vivement: Amnerican Society of Metals , Metals Park, Ohio. USA (pour mati~re...Ephemeris (f) status minium or aluminium alloy on a metal by spraying, ES efemrides (, pl americanas DE 1. H6hentoferanz (MI hot dipping, diffusion...routine work, using voice DE telhsttitige Regelung f) does not entail the addition of another metal to DE 1 AGACS ES mando Wf automiltico the weld. 2

The origin and evolution of dust in interstellar and circumstellar environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whittet, Douglas C. B.; Leung, Chun M.

1993-01-01

This status report covers the period from the commencement of the research program on 1 Jul. 1992 through 30 Apr. 1993. Progress is reported for research in the following areas: (1) grain formation in circumstellar envelopes; (2) photochemistry in circumstellar envelopes; (3) modeling ice features in circumstellar envelopes; (4) episodic dust formation in circumstellar envelopes; (5) grain evolution in the diffuse interstellar medium; and (6) grain evolution in dense molecular clouds.

Fermi Gamma-Ray Space Telescope: Science Highlights for the First 8 Months

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moiseev, Alexander

2010-01-01

The Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope was launched on June 11, 2008 and since August 2008 has successfully been conducting routine science observations of high energy phenomena in the gamma-ray sky. A number of exciting discoveries have been made during its first year of operation, including blazar flares, high-energy gamma-ray bursts, and numerous new,gamma-ray sources of different types, among them pulsars and Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). fermi-LAT also performed accurate mea.<;urement of the diffuse gamma-radiation which clarifies the Ge V excess reported by EGRET almost 10 years ago, high precision measurement of the high energy electron spectrum, and other observations. An overview of the observatory status and recent results as of April 30, 2009, are presented. Key words: gamma-ray astronomy, cosmic rays, gamma-ray burst, pulsar, blazar. diffuse gamma-radiation

Effects of low-level sarin and cyclosarin exposure on white matter integrity in Gulf War Veterans.

PubMed

Chao, Linda L; Zhang, Yu; Buckley, Shannon

2015-05-01

We previously found evidence of reduced gray and white matter volume in Gulf War (GW) veterans with predicted low-level exposure to sarin (GB) and cyclosarin (GF). Because loss of white matter tissue integrity has been linked to both gray and white matter atrophy, the current study sought to test the hypothesis that GW veterans with predicted GB/GF exposure have evidence of disrupted white matter microstructural integrity. Measures of fractional anisotropy and directional (i.e., axial and radial) diffusivity were assessed from the 4T diffusion tensor images (DTI) of 59 GW veterans with predicted GB/GF exposure and 59 "matched" unexposed GW veterans (mean age: 48 ± 7 years). The DTI data were analyzed using regions of interest (ROI) analyses that accounted for age, sex, total brain gray and white matter volume, trauma exposure, posttraumatic stress disorder, current major depression, and chronic multisymptom illness status. There were no significant group differences in fractional anisotropy or radial diffusivity. However, there was increased axial diffusivity in GW veterans with predicted GB/GF exposure compared to matched, unexposed veterans throughout the brain, including the temporal stem, corona radiata, superior and inferior (hippocampal) cingulum, inferior and superior fronto-occipital fasciculus, internal and external capsule, and superficial cortical white matter blades. Post hoc analysis revealed significant correlations between higher fractional anisotropy and lower radial diffusivity with better neurobehavioral performance in unexposed GW veterans. In contrast, only increased axial diffusivity in posterior limb of the internal capsule was associated with better psychomotor function in GW veterans with predicted GB/GF exposure. The finding that increased axial diffusivity in a region of the brain that contains descending corticospinal fibers was associated with better psychomotor function and the lack of significant neurobehavioral deficits in veterans with predicted GB/GF exposure hint at the possibility that the widespread increases in axial diffusivity that we observed in GW veterans with predicted GB/GF exposure relative to unexposed controls may reflect white matter reorganization after brain injury (i.e., exposure to GB/GF). Published by Elsevier B.V.

Time-to-treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in São Paulo

PubMed Central

Xavier, Flávia Dias; Levy, Debora; Pereira, Juliana

2014-01-01

OBJECTIVE: Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common type of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, accounting for nearly 50% of the cases in the Hematology Department of the Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo and Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo. The treatment outcome is influenced by age, abnormal lactate dehydrogenase levels, extranodal infiltration, the disease stage and the patient's performance status. In this study, we sought to report the time-to-treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in São Paulo's public health system network and its impact on patient outcomes. METHODS: We prospectively followed a cohort of 42 consecutive patients with de novo diffuse large B-cell lymphoma between 2008 and 2012. RESULTS: Our patients had more advanced disease than that reported in the literature (61.9% vs. 46%). In São Paulo's public health system network, it took an average of 7.4 months for a diagnosis to be made and an additional 1.4 months to obtain an appointment with a specialist. Once at our Hematology Department, it took less than 20 days for staging, confirmation of the diagnosis and treatment initiation. An interval from signs or symptoms to treatment of more than 6 months was associated with inferior progression-free survival in 3 years (p = 0.049). CONCLUSION: A delay in the diagnosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is a public health problem and may be associated with worse progression-free survival. PMID:24838904

Quantification of diffusion tensor imaging in normal white matter maturation of early childhood using an automated processing pipeline.

PubMed

Loh, K B; Ramli, N; Tan, L K; Roziah, M; Rahmat, K; Ariffin, H

2012-07-01

The degree and status of white matter myelination can be sensitively monitored using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). This study looks at the measurement of fractional anistropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) using an automated ROI with an existing DTI atlas. Anatomical MRI and structural DTI were performed cross-sectionally on 26 normal children (newborn to 48 months old), using 1.5-T MRI. The automated processing pipeline was implemented to convert diffusion-weighted images into the NIfTI format. DTI-TK software was used to register the processed images to the ICBM DTI-81 atlas, while AFNI software was used for automated atlas-based volumes of interest (VOIs) and statistical value extraction. DTI exhibited consistent grey-white matter contrast. Triphasic temporal variation of the FA and MD values was noted, with FA increasing and MD decreasing rapidly early in the first 12 months. The second phase lasted 12-24 months during which the rate of FA and MD changes was reduced. After 24 months, the FA and MD values plateaued. DTI is a superior technique to conventional MR imaging in depicting WM maturation. The use of the automated processing pipeline provides a reliable environment for quantitative analysis of high-throughput DTI data. Diffusion tensor imaging outperforms conventional MRI in depicting white matter maturation. • DTI will become an important clinical tool for diagnosing paediatric neurological diseases. • DTI appears especially helpful for developmental abnormalities, tumours and white matter disease. • An automated processing pipeline assists quantitative analysis of high throughput DTI data.

White matter tract integrity and developmental outcome in newborn infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy treated with hypothermia.

PubMed

Massaro, An N; Evangelou, Iordanis; Fatemi, Ali; Vezina, Gilbert; Mccarter, Robert; Glass, Penny; Limperopoulos, Catherine

2015-05-01

To determine whether corpus callosum (CC) and corticospinal tract (CST) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) measures relate to developmental outcome in encephalopathic newborn infants after therapeutic hypothermia. Encephalopathic newborn infants enrolled in a longitudinal study underwent DTI after hypothermia. Parametric maps were generated for fractional anisotropy, mean, radial, and axial diffusivity. CC and CST were segmented by DTI-based tractography. Multiple regression models were used to examine the association of DTI measures with Bayley-II Mental (MDI) and Psychomotor Developmental Index (PDI) at 15 months and 21 months of age. Fifty-two infants (males n=32, females n=20) underwent DTI at median age of 8 days. Two were excluded because of poor magnetic resonance imaging quality. Outcomes were assessed in 42/50 (84%) children at 15 months and 35/50 (70%) at 21 months. Lower CC and CST fractional anisotropy were associated with lower MDI and PDI respectively, even after controlling for gestational age, birth weight, sex, and socio-economic status. There was also a direct relationship between CC axial diffusivity and MDI, while CST radial diffusivity was inversely related to PDI. In encephalopathic newborn infants, impaired microstructural organization of the CC and CST predicts poorer cognitive and motor performance respectively. Tractography provides a reliable method for early assessment of perinatal brain injury. © 2014 Mac Keith Press.

Non-suicidal self-injury in high school students: Associations with identity processes and statuses.

PubMed

Luyckx, Koen; Gandhi, Amarendra; Bijttebier, Patricia; Claes, Laurence

2015-06-01

Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) refers to the direct, deliberate destruction of one's body tissue without suicidal intent. Research has highlighted the importance of identity synthesis versus confusion for NSSI. However, the association with identity processes and statuses remains unknown. A total of 568 adolescents reported on NSSI, identity, anxiety, and depression. Although identity processes of identification with commitment (negatively) and ruminative exploration (positively) were related to NSSI variables, these relationships were no longer significant when controlling for anxiety and depression. When examining identity statuses (using cluster analysis), individuals who had engaged in NSSI in the past (but not currently) were more likely to be in the moratorium cluster and less likely to be in the achievement cluster. Individuals who were currently engaging in NSSI were more likely to be in the troubled diffusion cluster. Clinicians should be attentive to the complex interplay between identity and NSSI when treating adolescents. Copyright © 2015 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) findings in adult civilian, military, and sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI): a systematic critical review.

PubMed

Asken, Breton Michael; DeKosky, Steven T; Clugston, James R; Jaffee, Michael S; Bauer, Russell M

2018-04-01

This review seeks to summarize diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies that have evaluated structural changes attributed to the mechanisms of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) in adult civilian, military, and athlete populations. Articles from 2002 to 2016 were retrieved from PubMed/MEDLINE, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, using a Boolean search string containing the following terms: "diffusion tensor imaging", "diffusion imaging", "DTI", "white matter", "concussion", "mild traumatic brain injury", "mTBI", "traumatic brain injury", and "TBI". We added studies not identified by this method that were found via manually-searched reference lists. We identified 86 eligible studies from English-language journals using, adult, human samples. Studies were evaluated based on duration between injury and DTI assessment, categorized as acute, subacute/chronic, remote mTBI, and repetitive brain trauma considerations. Since changes in brain structure after mTBI can also be affected by other co-occurring medical and demographic factors, we also briefly review DTI studies that have addressed socioeconomic status factors (SES), major depressive disorder (MDD), and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The review describes population-specific risks and the complications of clinical versus pathophysiological outcomes of mTBI. We had anticipated that the distinct population groups (civilian, military, and athlete) would require separate consideration, and various aspects of the study characteristics supported this. In general, study results suggested widespread but inconsistent differences in white matter diffusion metrics (primarily fractional anisotropy [FA], mean diffusivity [MD], radial diffusivity [RD], and axial diffusivity [AD]) following mTBI/concussion. Inspection of study designs and results revealed potential explanations for discrepant DTI findings, such as control group variability, analytic techniques, the manner in which regional differences were reported, and the presence or absence of persistent functional disturbances. DTI research in adult mTBI would benefit from more standardized imaging and analytic approaches. We also found significant overlap in white matter abnormalities reported in mTBI with those commonly affected by SES or the presence of MDD and ADHD. We conclude that DTI is sensitive to a wide range of group differences in diffusion metrics, but that it currently lacks the specificity necessary for meaningful clinical application. Properly controlled longitudinal studies with consistent and standardized functional outcomes are needed before establishing the utility of DTI in the clinical management of mTBI and concussion.

Urinary Iodine and Goiter Prevalence in Belarus: Experience of the Belarus–American Cohort Study of Thyroid Cancer and Other Thyroid Diseases Following the Chornobyl Nuclear Accident

PubMed Central

Polyanskaya, Olga; McConnell, Robert; Gong, Zhihong; Drozdovitch, Vladimir; Rozhko, Alexander; Prokopovich, Alexander; Petrenko, Sergey; Brenner, Alina; Zablotska, Lydia

2011-01-01

Background Because iodine deficiency can influence background rates of thyroid disease or modify radiation dose–response relationships, we compiled descriptive data on iodine status among participants in a Belarusian–American screening study who were exposed in childhood to radioiodine fallout from the Chornobyl nuclear accident. We have used the data from two consecutive screening cycles to examine whether indicators of iodine status changed before and after documented government initiatives to improve iodine intake. Methods Urinary iodine concentrations in spot samples and prevalence of diffuse goiter by palpation were assessed in 11,676 exposed subjects who were 18 years or younger at the time of the accident on April 26, 1986, and were screened beginning 11 years later in connection with the Belarus–American Thyroid Study. Data for the first (January 1997–March 2001) and second (April 2001–December 2004) screening cycles, which largely correspond to time periods before and after official iodination efforts in 2000/2001, were compared for the cohort overall as well as by oblast of residence (i.e., state) and type of residency (urban/rural). Results Median urine iodine levels among cohort members increased significantly in the later period (111.5 μg/L) compared to the earlier (65.3 μg/L), with the cycle 2 level in the range defined as adequate iodine intake by the World Health Organization. During the same period, a significant decline in diffuse goiter prevalence was also observed. In both cycles, urinary iodine levels were lower in rural than in urban residents. Urinary iodine levels, but not rates of goiter, varied by oblast of residence. In both periods, adjusted median urine iodine concentrations were similar in Gomel and Minsk oblasts, where ∼89% of cohort members resided, and were lowest in Mogilev oblast. Yet Mogilev oblast and rural areas showed the most marked increases over time. Conclusions Trends in urinary iodine concentrations and prevalence of diffuse goiter by palpation suggest that iodination efforts in Belarus were successful, with benefits extending to the most iodine-deficient populations. Iodine status should be considered when evaluating thyroid disease risk in radioiodine-exposed populations since it can change over time and may influence rates of disease and, possibly, dose–response relationships. PMID:21323597

Psychoanalytic theory in times of terror.

PubMed

Connolly, Angela

2003-09-01

Recent events have underlined in the most tragic and dramatic way the need for depth psychology to turn its attention to the psychology of terror. The present paper attempts to distinguish between the psychological modes of horror and terror and explores the different theoretical approaches of Burke, Freud, Kristeva and Jung to this problem in order to cast light on the individual and collective functions that horror and terror play. While all these authors stress that terror and horror play a role in structuring the sense of identity and in strengthening community bonds, Freud and Kristeva believe that the experience of horror works to increase the exclusion of otherness through mechanisms of repression or foreclosure while Burke and Jung see in the encounter with the Negative Sublime or with the Shadow the possibility of widening the boundaries of ego consciousness and of integration of 'otherness'. The paper then uses the analysis of two horror movies and of a particular socio-cultural context to illustrate these different functions of horror and terror and to delineate possible solutions to the problems facing society.

(Dis)entangling Barad: Materialisms and ethics.

PubMed

Hollin, Gregory; Forsyth, Isla; Giraud, Eva; Potts, Tracey

2017-12-01

In the wake of the widespread uptake of and debate surrounding the work of Karen Barad, this article revisits her core conceptual contributions. We offer descriptions, elaborations, problematizations and provocations for those intrigued by or invested in this body of work. We examine Barad's use of quantum physics, which underpins her conception of the material world. We discuss the political strengths of this position but also note tensions associated with applying quantum physics to phenomena at macro-scales. We identify both frictions and unacknowledged affinities with science and technology studies in Barad's critique of reflexivity and her concept of diffraction. We flesh out Barad's overarching position of 'agential realism', which contains a revised understanding of scientific apparatuses. Building upon these discussions, we argue that inherent in agential realism is both an ethics of inclusion and an ethics of exclusion. Existing research has, however, frequently emphasized entanglement and inclusion to the detriment of foreclosure and exclusion. Nonetheless, we contend that it is in the potential for an ethics of exclusion that Barad's work could be of greatest utility within science and technology studies and beyond.

A method for monitoring of oxygen saturation changes in brain tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.

PubMed

Rejmstad, Peter; Johansson, Johannes D; Haj-Hosseini, Neda; Wårdell, Karin

2017-03-01

Continuous measurement of local brain oxygen saturation (SO 2 ) can be used to monitor the status of brain trauma patients in the neurocritical care unit. Currently, micro-oxygen-electrodes are considered as the "gold standard" in measuring cerebral oxygen pressure (pO 2 ), which is closely related to SO 2 through the oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin, but with the drawback of slow in response time. The present study suggests estimation of SO 2 in brain tissue using diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for finding an analytical relation between measured spectra and the SO 2 for different blood concentrations. The P 3 diffusion approximation is used to generate a set of spectra simulating brain tissue for various levels of blood concentrations in order to estimate SO 2 . The algorithm is evaluated on optical phantoms mimicking white brain matter (blood volume of 0.5-2%) where pO 2 and temperature is controlled and on clinical data collected during brain surgery. The suggested method is capable of estimating the blood fraction and oxygen saturation changes from the spectroscopic signal and the hemoglobin absorption profile. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Diffusion of new medication across different income groups under a universal health insurance program: an example involving newly enlisted nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for elderly osteoarthritis patients.

PubMed

Wang, Pen-Jen; Chou, Yiing-Jenq; Lee, Cheng-Hua; Pu, Christy

2010-10-01

The aim of this research was to determine whether socioeconomic status, as measured by income level, impacts on the diffusion to patients of newly reimbursed nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) under the National Health Insurance program in Taiwan. We used income tax records to identify the income levels of 324 male and 551 female randomly sampled osteoarthritis patients aged over 60 years in 2000. The study period was 2 years (t (1) = April 2001-March 2002 and t (2) = April 2002-March 2003). Generalized estimating equation models were used to analyze the impact of income level on being prescribed one of the newly reimbursed NSAIDs. The impact of income level on being treated with the new drug was positive and significant for females (OR = 2.11, p < 0.01) but not for males. The interaction term between income groups and the time trend was insignificant. Other factors associated with being treated with the new drug include age, habit of health-care utilization, and residential characteristics. Diffusion of new drugs still depends on income level despite the presence of a universal national health insurance system in Taiwan.

Increased working memory related fMRI signal in children following Tick Borne Encephalitis.

PubMed

Henrik, Ullman; Åsa, Fowler; Ronny, Wickström

2016-01-01

Tick Borne Encephalitis (TBE) is a viral infection in the central nervous system endemic in Europe and Asia. While pediatric infection may carry a lower risk for serious neurological sequelae compared to adults, a large proportion of children experience long term cognitive problems, most markedly decreased working memory capacity. We explored whether task related functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) could reveal a biological correlate of status-post TBE in children. We examined 11 serologically verified pediatric TBE patients with central nervous system involvement with 55 healthy controls with working memory tests and MRI. The TBE patients showed a prominent deficit in working memory capacity and an increased task related functional MRI signal in working memory related cortical areas during a spatial working memory task performed without sedation. No diffusion differences could be found with DTI, in line with the reported paucity of anatomical abnormalities. This study is the first to demonstrate functional MRI abnormalities in TBE patients that bears similarity to other patient groups with diffuse neuronal damage. Copyright © 2015 European Paediatric Neurology Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Astrophysical data on 5 eV to 1 keV radiation from the radiative decay of fundamental particles - Current limits and prospects for improvement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowyer, Stuart; Malina, Roger F.

1986-01-01

Line emission from the decay of fundamental particles, integrated over cosmological distances, can give rise to detectable spectral features in the diffuse astronomical background between 5 eV and 1 keV. Spectroscopic observations may allow these features to be separated from line emission from the numerous local sources of radiation. The current observational status and existing evidence for such features are reviewed. No definitive detections of nongalactic line features have been made. Several local sources of background mask the features at many wavelengths and confuse the interpretation of the data. No systematic spectral observations have been carried out to date. Upcoming experiments which can be expected to provide significantly better constraints on the presence of spectral features in the diffuse background from 5 eV to 1 keV are reviewed.

Structural changes in the myocardium and serum lipid spectrum in experimental hypercholesterolemia and hypothyroidism.

PubMed

Nepomnyashchikh, L M; Lushnikova, E L; Polyakov, L P; Molodykh, O P; Klinnikova, M G; Russkikh, G S; Poteryaeva, O N; Nepomnyashchikh, R D; Pichigin, V I

2013-09-01

We studied the peculiarities of lipid spectrum of the blood and structural reorganization of the myocardium in experimental hypercholesterolemia with and without hypothyroidism. It was found that alimentary hypercholesterolemia accompanied by elevated total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglyceride concentrations led to a decrease in body weight, heart weight, number of cardiomyocytes in the heart and induced pronounced lytic changes in cardiomyocytes, circulation disorders (sludge syndrome, echinocytosis of erythrocytes, lymphostasis), diffuse fibrosis of the stroma, and appearance of foam cells among diffuse mononuclear infiltrate cells. The combination of hypercholesterolemia with hypothyroid status caused more pronounced changes in the lipid spectrum and atherogenic index and more pronounced lytic and necrobiotic changes in cardiomyocytes. These findings suggest that elevated cholesterol concentrations in the blood, especially against the background of suppressed thyroid function, can directly induce considerable damage to cardiomyocytes, intramural vessels, and erythrocytes without the development of myocardial ischemia and in the absence of atherosclerotic plaques.

Social influence of a religious hero: the late Cardinal Stephen Kim Sou-hwan's effect on cornea donation and volunteerism.

PubMed

Bae, Hyuhn-Suhck; Brown, William J; Kang, Seok

2011-01-01

This study examined the mediated influence of a celebrated religious hero in South Korea, Cardinal Stephen Kim, through two forms of involvement--parasocial interaction and identification--on intention toward cornea donation and volunteerism, and it investigated how the news media diffused of his death. A structural equation modeling analysis with a Web-based voluntary survey of more than 1,200 people in South Korea revealed a multistep social influence process, beginning with parasocial interaction with Cardinal Kim, leading to identification with him, which predicted intention toward cornea donation and volunteerism. Additional investigations found that news of Cardinal Kim's death diffused rapidly through media and interpersonal communication. Results of this study demonstrate that religious leaders who achieve a celebrity hero status can prompt public discussion of important issues rather quickly through extensive media coverage, enabling them to promote prosocial behavior and positively affect public health.

Febrile status epilepticus due to respiratory syncytial virus infection.

PubMed

Uda, Kazuhiro; Kitazawa, Katsuhiko

2017-08-01

Febrile status epilepticus can have neurological sequelae. The type of sequelae, however, depend on the etiology, including infection due to viral agents such as the influenza virus. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in childhood may also contribute to this. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize febrile status epilepticus associated with RSV infection, and to determine whether this type of infection is a risk factor for neurological sequelae in febrile status epilepticus. We reviewed the medical records of children aged ≤3 years with febrile status epilepticus who were admitted to a tertiary hospital between January 2007 and December 2011. The differences between the RSV-positive and RSV-negative groups were evaluated according to the demographic and clinical data. A total of 99 patients with febrile status epilepticus who had been tested for RSV infection were identified. Three patients in the RSV-positive group (n = 19) and four in the RSV-negative group (n = 80) presented with bronchiolitis. The incidence of intubation and anti-seizure drug treatment in the RSV-positive group was significantly higher than in the -negative group. While all of the patients in the RSV-negative group recovered completely, six patients in the RSV-positive group developed encephalopathy and profound neurological sequelae. In five of the six patients, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging showed subcortical white matter lesions. RSV infection in the absence of bronchiolitis can initially present as febrile status epilepticus and subsequently develop into acute encephalopathy with profound neurological sequelae. © 2017 Japan Pediatric Society.

Diffuse Lung Disease in Biopsied Children 2 to 18 Years of Age. Application of the chILD Classification Scheme.

PubMed

Fan, Leland L; Dishop, Megan K; Galambos, Csaba; Askin, Frederic B; White, Frances V; Langston, Claire; Liptzin, Deborah R; Kroehl, Miranda E; Deutsch, Gail H; Young, Lisa R; Kurland, Geoffrey; Hagood, James; Dell, Sharon; Trapnell, Bruce C; Deterding, Robin R

2015-10-01

Children's Interstitial and Diffuse Lung Disease (chILD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders that is challenging to categorize. In previous study, a classification scheme was successfully applied to children 0 to 2 years of age who underwent lung biopsies for chILD. This classification scheme has not been evaluated in children 2 to 18 years of age. This multicenter interdisciplinary study sought to describe the spectrum of biopsy-proven chILD in North America and to apply a previously reported classification scheme in children 2 to 18 years of age. Mortality and risk factors for mortality were also assessed. Patients 2 to 18 years of age who underwent lung biopsies for diffuse lung disease from 12 North American institutions were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected and described. The lung biopsies were reviewed by pediatric lung pathologists with expertise in diffuse lung disease and were classified by the chILD classification scheme. Logistic regression was used to determine risk factors for mortality. A total of 191 cases were included in the final analysis. Number of biopsies varied by center (5-49 biopsies; mean, 15.8) and by age (2-18 yr; mean, 10.6 yr). The most common classification category in this cohort was Disorders of the Immunocompromised Host (40.8%), and the least common was Disorders of Infancy (4.7%). Immunocompromised patients suffered the highest mortality (52.8%). Additional associations with mortality included mechanical ventilation, worse clinical status at time of biopsy, tachypnea, hemoptysis, and crackles. Pulmonary hypertension was found to be a risk factor for mortality but only in the immunocompetent patients. In patients 2 to 18 years of age who underwent lung biopsies for diffuse lung disease, there were far fewer diagnoses prevalent in infancy and more overlap with adult diagnoses. Immunocompromised patients with diffuse lung disease who underwent lung biopsies had less than 50% survival at time of last follow-up.

An extended laser flash technique for thermal diffusivity measurement of high-temperature materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shen, F.; Khodadadi, J. M.

1993-01-01

Knowledge of thermal diffusivity data for high-temperature materials (solids and liquids) is very important in analyzing a number of processes, among them solidification, crystal growth, and welding. However, reliable thermal diffusivity versus temperature data, particularly those for high-temperature liquids, are still far from complete. The main measurement difficulties are due to the presence of convection and the requirement for a container. Fortunately, the availability of levitation techniques has made it possible to solve the containment problem. Based on the feasibility of the levitation technology, a new laser flash technique which is applicable to both levitated liquid and solid samples is being developed. At this point, the analysis for solid samples is near completion and highlights of the technique are presented here. The levitated solid sample which is assumed to be a sphere is subjected to a very short burst of high power radiant energy. The temperature of the irradiated surface area is elevated and a transient heat transfer process takes place within the sample. This containerless process is a two-dimensional unsteady heat conduction problem. Due to the nonlinearity of the radiative plus convective boundary condition, an analytic solution cannot be obtained. Two options are available at this point. Firstly, the radiation boundary condition can be linearized, which then accommodates a closed-form analytic solution. Comparison of the analytic curves for the temperature rise at different points to the experimentally-measured values will then provide the thermal diffusivity values. Secondly, one may set up an inverse conduction problem whereby experimentally obtained surface temperature history is used as the boundary conditions. The thermal diffusivity can then be elevated by minimizing the difference between the real heat flux boundary condition (radiation plus convection) and the measurements. Status of an experimental study directed at measuring the thermal diffusivity of high-temperature solid samples of pure Nickel and Inconel 718 superalloys are presented. Preliminary measurements showing surface temperature histories are discussed.

Diffuse myogenin expression by immunohistochemistry is an independent marker of poor survival in pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma: a tissue microarray study of 71 primary tumors including correlation with molecular phenotype.

PubMed

Heerema-McKenney, Amy; Wijnaendts, Liliane C D; Pulliam, Joseph F; Lopez-Terrada, Dolores; McKenney, Jesse K; Zhu, Shirley; Montgomery, Kelli; Mitchell, Janet; Marinelli, Robert J; Hart, Augustinus A M; van de Rijn, Matt; Linn, Sabine C

2008-10-01

The pathologic classification of rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) into embryonal or alveolar subtype is an important prognostic factor guiding the therapeutic protocol chosen for an individual patient. Unfortunately, this classification is not always straightforward, and the diagnostic criteria are controversial in a subset of cases. Ancillary studies are used to aid in the classification, but their potential use as independent prognostic factors is rarely studied. The aim of this study is to identify immunohistochemical markers of potential prognostic significance in pediatric RMS and to correlate their expression with PAX-3/FKHR and PAX-7/FKHR fusion status. A single tissue microarray containing 71 paraffin-embedded pediatric RMSs was immunostained with antibodies against p53, bcl-2, Ki-67, CD44, myogenin, and MyoD1. The tissue microarray and whole paraffin blocks were studied for PAX-3/FKHR and PAX-7/FKHR gene fusions by fluorescence in situ hybridization and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Clinical follow-up data were available for each patient. Immunohistochemical staining results and translocation status were correlated with recurrence-free interval (RFI) and overall survival (OS) using the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, and Cox proportional hazard regression. The minimum clinical follow-up interval was 24 months (median follow-up=57 mo). On univariable analysis, immunohistochemical expression of myogenin, bcl-2, and identification of a gene fusion were associated with decreased 5-year RFI and 10-year OS (myogenin RFI P=0.0028, OS P=0.0021; bcl-2 RFI P=0.037, OS P=0.032; gene fusion RFI P=0.0001, OS P=0.0058). After adjustment for Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study-TNM stage, tumor site, age, tumor histology, and translocation status by multivariable analysis, only myogenin retained an independent association with RFI (P=0.034) and OS (P=0.0069). In this retrospective analysis, diffuse immunohistochemical reactivity for myogenin in RMS correlates with decreased RFI and OS, independent of histologic subtype, translocation status, tumor site, or stage.

Super-refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus secondary to fat embolism: A clinical, electrophysiological, and pathological study.

PubMed

Fernández-Torre, José L; Burgueño, Paula; Ballesteros, María A; Hernández-Hernández, Miguel A; Villagrá-Terán, Nuria; de Lucas, Enrique Marco

2015-08-01

Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is a rare complication of long-bone fractures and joint reconstruction surgery. To the best of our knowledge, we describe the clinical, electrophysiological, neuroimaging, and neuropathological features of the first case of super-refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus (sr-NCSE) secondary to fat embolism. An 82-year-old woman was transferred to our intensive care unit because of a sudden decrease of consciousness level, right hemiparesis, and acute respiratory failure in the early postoperative period of knee prosthesis surgery. Brain computed tomography (TC) including angio-CT and CT perfusion was normal. An urgent video-electroencephalography (v-EEG) evaluation showed continuous sharp-and slow-wave at 2.0-2.5 Hz in keeping with the diagnosis of generalized NCSE. Epileptiform discharges ceased after the administration of 5mg of intravenous diazepam, and background activity constituted by diffuse theta waves was observed without clinical improvement. Treatment with levetiracetam (1000 mg/day) and sedation with propofol and midazolam were initiated. Moreover, continuous v-EEG monitoring was also started. Despite antiepileptic therapy, epileptiform activity recurred after the interruption of profound sedation, and valproate and lacosamide were added during the ensuing days. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) disclosed small scattered foci of acute ischemic infarcts and diffuse petechiae involving the basal ganglia and pons and centrum semiovale in keeping with fat embolism. Super-refractory nonconvulsive status epilepticus remained without control for 2 weeks. Finally, the patient died. The clinical autopsy revealed a bilateral lung fat embolism associated with a hemorrhagic infarction in the left lower lobe. Fatty lesions were also seen in the intestine and pancreas. Scattered microscopic cerebral infarcts associated with fat emboli in the capillaries were noticed, affecting both supra- and infratentorial structures. In addition, occasional focal areas of ischemic injury showing filiform neurons with reactive astrocytic gliosis background consistent with acute lesions were observed in CA3. Fat embolism should be considered a potential cause of sr-NCSE. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Status Epilepticus". Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mitigating Agricultural Diffuse Pollution: Learning from The River Eden Demonstration Test Catchment Experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reaney, S. M.; Barker, P. A.; Haygarth, P.; Quinn, P. F.; Aftab, A.; Barber, N.; Burke, S.; Cleasby, W.; Jonczyk, J. C.; Owen, G. J.; Perks, M. T.; Snell, M. A.; Surridge, B.

2016-12-01

Freshwater systems continue to fail to achieve their ecological potential and provide associated ecological services due to poor water quality. A key driver of the failure to achieve good status under the EU Water Framework Directive derives from non-point (diffuse) pollution of sediment, phosphorus and nitrogen from agricultural landscapes. While many mitigation options exist, a framework is lacking which provides a holistic understanding of the impact of mitigation scheme design on catchment function and agronomics. The River Eden Demonstration Test Catchment project (2009-2017) in NW England uses an interdisciplinary approach including catchment hydrology, sediment-nutrient fluxes and farmer attitudes, to understand ecological function and diffuse pollution mitigation feature performance. Water flow (both surface and groundwater) and quality monitoring focused on three ca. 10km2 catchments with N and P measurements every 30 minutes. Ecological status was determined by monthly diatom community analysis and supplemented by macrophyte, macroinvertebrate and fish surveys. Changes in erosion potential and hydrological connectivity were monitored using extensive Landsat images and detailed UAV monitoring. Simulation modelling work utilised hydrological simulation models (CRAFT, CRUM3 and HBV-Light) and SCIMAP based risk mapping. Farmer behaviour and attitudes have been assessed with surveys, interviews and diaries. A suite of mitigation features have been installed including changes to land management - e.g. aeriation, storage features within a `treatment train', riparian fencing and woodland creation. A detailed dataset of the integrated catchment hydrological, water quality and ecological behaviour over multiple years, including a drought period and an extreme rainfall event, highlights the interaction between ecology, hydrological and nutrient dynamics that are driven by sediment and nutrients exported within a small number of high magnitude storm events. Hence these high-resolution processes must be studied in conjunction, rather than in isolation, to understand system dynamics and critically to evaluate effective mitigation schemes.