Domain-specific interactions between MLN8237 and human serum albumin estimated by STD and WaterLOGSY NMR, ITC, spectroscopic, and docking techniques

PubMed Central

Yang, Hongqin; Liu, Jiuyang; Huang, Yanmei; Gao, Rui; Tang, Bin; Li, Shanshan; He, Jiawei; Li, Hui

2017-01-01

Alisertib (MLN8237) is an orally administered inhibitor of Aurora A kinase. This small-molecule inhibitor is under clinical or pre-clinical phase for the treatment of advanced malignancies. The present study provides a detailed characterization of the interaction of MLN8237 with a drug transport protein called human serum albumin (HSA). STD and WaterLOGSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-binding studies were conducted first to confirm the binding of MLN8237 to HSA. In the ligand orientation assay, the binding sites of MLN8237 were validated through two site-specific spy molecules (warfarin sodium and ibuprofen, which are two known site-selective probes) by using STD and WaterLOGSY NMR competition techniques. These competition experiments demonstrate that both spy molecules do not compete with MLN8237 for the specific binding site. The AutoDock-based blind docking study recognizes the hydrophobic subdomain IB of the protein as the probable binding site for MLN8237. Thermodynamic investigations by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) reveal that the non-covalent interaction between MLN8237 and HSA (binding constant was approximately 105 M−1) is driven mainly by favorable entropy and unfavorable enthalpy. In addition, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that MLN8237 may induce conformational changes in HSA. PMID:28358124

Domain-specific interactions between MLN8237 and human serum albumin estimated by STD and WaterLOGSY NMR, ITC, spectroscopic, and docking techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Hongqin; Liu, Jiuyang; Huang, Yanmei; Gao, Rui; Tang, Bin; Li, Shanshan; He, Jiawei; Li, Hui

2017-03-01

Alisertib (MLN8237) is an orally administered inhibitor of Aurora A kinase. This small-molecule inhibitor is under clinical or pre-clinical phase for the treatment of advanced malignancies. The present study provides a detailed characterization of the interaction of MLN8237 with a drug transport protein called human serum albumin (HSA). STD and WaterLOGSY nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-binding studies were conducted first to confirm the binding of MLN8237 to HSA. In the ligand orientation assay, the binding sites of MLN8237 were validated through two site-specific spy molecules (warfarin sodium and ibuprofen, which are two known site-selective probes) by using STD and WaterLOGSY NMR competition techniques. These competition experiments demonstrate that both spy molecules do not compete with MLN8237 for the specific binding site. The AutoDock-based blind docking study recognizes the hydrophobic subdomain IB of the protein as the probable binding site for MLN8237. Thermodynamic investigations by isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) reveal that the non-covalent interaction between MLN8237 and HSA (binding constant was approximately 105 M-1) is driven mainly by favorable entropy and unfavorable enthalpy. In addition, synchronous fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and 3D fluorescence spectroscopy suggest that MLN8237 may induce conformational changes in HSA.

Specific RNA-protein interactions detected with saturation transfer difference NMR.

PubMed

Harris, Kimberly A; Shekhtman, Alexander; Agris, Paul F

2013-08-01

RNA, at the forefront of biochemical research due to its central role in biology, is recognized by proteins through various mechanisms. Analysis of the RNA-protein interface provides insight into the recognition determinants and function. As such, there is a demand for developing new methods to characterize RNA-protein interactions. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR can identify binding ligands for proteins in a rather short period of time, with data acquisitions of just a few hours. Two RNA-protein systems involved in RNA modification were studied using STD NMR. The N (6)-threonylcarbamoyltransferase, YrdC, with nucleoside-specific recognition, was shown to bind the anticodon stem-loop of tRNA(Lys)UUU. The points of contact on the RNA were assigned and a binding interface was identified. STD NMR was also applied to the interaction of the archaeal ribosomal protein, L7Ae, with the box C/D K-turn RNA. The distinctiveness of the two RNA-protein interfaces was evident. Both RNAs exhibited strong STD signals indicative of direct contact with the respective protein, but reflected the nature of recognition. Characterization of nucleic acid recognition determinants traditionally involves cost and time prohibitive methods. This approach offers significant insight into interaction interfaces fairly rapidly, and complements existing structural methods.

Supramolecular Amino Acid Based Hydrogels: Probing the Contribution of Additive Molecules using NMR Spectroscopy

PubMed Central

Ramalhete, Susana M.; Nartowski, Karol P.; Sarathchandra, Nichola; Foster, Jamie S.; Round, Andrew N.; Angulo, Jesús

2017-01-01

Abstract Supramolecular hydrogels are composed of self‐assembled solid networks that restrict the flow of water. l‐Phenylalanine is the smallest molecule reported to date to form gel networks in water, and it is of particular interest due to its crystalline gel state. Single and multi‐component hydrogels of l‐phenylalanine are used herein as model materials to develop an NMR‐based analytical approach to gain insight into the mechanisms of supramolecular gelation. Structure and composition of the gel fibres were probed using PXRD, solid‐state NMR experiments and microscopic techniques. Solution‐state NMR studies probed the properties of free gelator molecules in an equilibrium with bound molecules. The dynamics of exchange at the gel/solution interfaces was investigated further using high‐resolution magic angle spinning (HR‐MAS) and saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments. This approach allowed the identification of which additive molecules contributed in modifying the material properties. PMID:28401991

Binding pattern of intermediate UDP-4-keto-xylose to human UDP-xylose synthase: Synthesis and STD NMR of model keto-saccharides.

PubMed

Puchner, Claudia; Eixelsberger, Thomas; Nidetzky, Bernd; Brecker, Lothar

2017-01-02

Human UDP-xylose synthase (hUXS1) exclusively converts UDP-glucuronic acid to UDP-xylose via intermediate UDP-4-keto-xylose (UDP-Xyl-4O). Synthesis of model compounds like methyl-4-keto-xylose (Me-Xyl-4O) is reported to investigate the binding pattern thereof to hUXS1. Hence, selective oxidation of the desired hydroxyl function required employment of protecting group chemistry. Solution behavior of synthesized keto-saccharides was studied without enzyme via 1 H and 13 C NMR spectroscopy with respect to existent forms in deuterated potassium phosphate buffer. Keto-enol tautomerism was observed for all investigated keto-saccharides, while gem-diol hydrate forms were only observed for 4-keto-xylose derivatives. Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR was used to study binding of synthesized keto-gylcosides to wild type hUXS1. Resulting epitope maps were correlated to earlier published molecular modeling studies of UDP-Xyl-4O. STD NMR results of Me-Xyl-4O are in good agreement with simulations of the intermediate UDP-Xyl-4O indicating a strong interaction of proton H3 with the enzyme, potentially caused by active site residue Ala 79 . In contrast, pyranoside binding pattern studies of methyl uronic acids showed some differences compared to previously published STD NMR results of UDP-glycosides. In general, obtained results can contribute to a better understanding in binding of UDP-glycosides to other UXS enzyme family members, which have high structural similarities in the active site. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Functional roles of H98 and W99 and β2α2 loop dynamics in the α-l-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus.

PubMed

Arab-Jaziri, Faten; Bissaro, Bastien; Barbe, Sophie; Saurel, Olivier; Débat, Hélène; Dumon, Claire; Gervais, Virginie; Milon, Alain; André, Isabelle; Fauré, Régis; O'Donohue, Michael J

2012-10-01

This study is focused on the elucidation of the functional role of the mobile β2α2 loop in the α-L-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus, and particularly on the roles of loop residues H98 and W99. Using site-directed mutagenesis, coupled to characterization methods including isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR) spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations, it has been possible to provide a molecular level view of interactions and the consequences of mutations. Binding of para-nitrophenyl α-L-arabinofuranoside (pNP-α-l-Araf) to the wild-type arabinofuranosidase was characterized by K(d) values (0.32 and 0.16 mm, from ITC and STD-NMR respectively) that highly resembled that of the arabinoxylo-oligosaccharide XA(3)XX (0.21 mm), and determination of the thermodynamic parameters of enzyme : pNP-α-L-Araf binding revealed that this process is driven by favourable entropy, which is linked to the movement of the β2α2 loop. Loop closure relocates the solvent-exposed W99 into a buried location, allowing its involvement in substrate binding and in the formation of a functional active site. Similarly, the data underline the role of H98 in the ‘dynamic’ formation and definition of a catalytically operational active site, which may be a specific feature of a subset of GH51 arabinofuranosidases. Substitution of H98 and W99 by alanine or phenylalanine revealed that mutations affected K(M) and/or k(cat). Molecular dynamics performed on W99A implied that this mutation causes the loss of a hydrogen bond and leads to an alternative binding mode that is detrimental for catalysis. STD-NMR experiments revealed altered binding of the aglycon motif in the active site, combined with reduced STD intensities of the α-L-arabinofuranosyl moiety for W99 substitutions. © 2012 The Authors Journal compilation © 2012 FEBS.

Defining the interaction of human soluble lectin ZG16p and mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides

PubMed Central

Ikeda, Akemi; Kojima-Aikawa, Kyoko; Taniguchi, Naoyuki; Varón Silva, Daniel; Feizi, Ten; Seeberger, Peter H.; Yamaguchi, Yoshiki

2018-01-01

ZG16p is a soluble mammalian lectin that interacts with mannose and heparan sulfate. Here we describe detailed analyses of the interactions of human ZG16p with mycobacterial phosphatidylinositol mannosides (PIMs), using glycan microarray and NMR. Pathogen-related glycan microarray analysis identified phosphatidylinositol mono- and di-mannosides (PIM1 and PIM2) as novel ligand candidates of ZG16p. Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR and transferred NOE experiments with chemically synthesized PIM glycans indicate that PIMs preferentially interacts with ZG16p using the mannose residues. Binding site of PIMs is identified by chemical shift perturbation experiments using uniformly 15N-labeled ZG16p. NMR results with docking simulations suggest a binding mode of ZG16p and PIM glycan, which would help to consider the physiological role of ZG16p. PMID:25919894

Nanodisc-Targeted STD NMR Spectroscopy Reveals Atomic Details of Ligand Binding to Lipid Environments.

PubMed

Muñoz-García, Juan C; Inacio Dos Reis, Rosana; Taylor, Richard J; Henry, Alistair J; Watts, Anthony

2018-05-18

Saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy is one of the most popular ligand-based NMR techniques for the study of protein-ligand interactions. This is due to its robustness and the fact that it is focused on the signals of the ligand, without any need for NMR information on the macromolecular target. This technique is most commonly applied to systems involving different types of ligands (e.g., small organic molecules, carbohydrates or lipids) and a protein as the target, in which the latter is selectively saturated. However, only a few examples have been reported where membrane mimetics are the macromolecular binding partners. Here, we have employed STD NMR spectroscopy to investigate the interactions of the neurotransmitter dopamine with mimetics of lipid bilayers, such as nanodiscs, by saturation of the latter. In particular, the interactions between dopamine and model lipid nanodiscs formed either from charged or zwitterionic lipids have been resolved at the atomic level. The results, in agreement with previous isothermal titration calorimetry studies, show that dopamine preferentially binds to negatively charged model membranes, but also provide detailed atomic insights into the mode of interaction of dopamine with membrane mimetics. Our findings provide relevant structural information for the design of lipid-based drug carriers of dopamine and its structural analogues and are of general applicability to other systems. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Epitope mapping of histo blood group antigens bound to norovirus VLPs using STD NMR experiments reveals fine details of molecular recognition.

PubMed

Fiege, Brigitte; Leuthold, Mila; Parra, Francisco; Dalton, Kevin P; Meloncelli, Peter J; Lowary, Todd L; Peters, Thomas

2017-10-01

Attachment of human noroviruses to histo blood group antigens (HBGAs) is thought to be critical for the infection process. Therefore, we have determined binding epitopes of synthetic type 1 to 6 blood group A- and B-tetrasaccharides binding to GII.4 human Norovirus virus like particles (VLPs) using STD NMR experiments. So far, little information is available from crystal structure analysis studies on the interactions of the reducing-end sugars with the protruding domain (P-domain) of the viral coat protein VP1. Here, we show that the reducing-end sugars make notable contacts with the protein surface. The type of glycosidic linkage, and the identity of the sugar at the reducing end modulate HBGA recognition. Most strikingly, type 2 structures yield only very poor saturation transfer indicating impeded binding. This observation is in accordance with previous mass spectrometry based affinity measurements, and can be understood based on recent crystal structure data of a complex of highly homologous GII.4 P-dimers with H-type 2 trisaccharide where the N-acetyl group of the reducing N-acetyl glucosamine residue points towards a loop comprising amino acids Q390 to H395. We suggest that in our case, binding of type 2 A- and B-tetrasaccharides leads to steric conflicts with this loop. In order to identify factors determining L-Fuc recognition, we also synthesized GII.4 VLPs with point mutations D391A and H395A. Prior studies had suggested that these residues, located in a second shell around the L-Fuc binding site, assist L-Fuc binding. STD NMR experiments with L-Fuc and B-trisaccharide in the presence of wild type and mutant VLPs yield virtually identical binding epitopes suggesting that these two mutations do not significantly alter HBGA recognition. Our study emphasizes that recognition of α-(1→2)-linked L-Fuc residues is a conserved feature of GII.4 noroviruses. However, structural variation of the HBGA core structures clearly modulates molecular recognition depending on the genotype.

Target-specific NMR detection of protein-ligand interactions with antibody-relayed 15N-group selective STD.

PubMed

Hetényi, Anasztázia; Hegedűs, Zsófia; Fajka-Boja, Roberta; Monostori, Éva; Kövér, Katalin E; Martinek, Tamás A

2016-12-01

Fragment-based drug design has been successfully applied to challenging targets where the detection of the weak protein-ligand interactions is a key element. 1 H saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy is a powerful technique for this work but it requires pure homogeneous proteins as targets. Monoclonal antibody (mAb)-relayed 15 N-GS STD spectroscopy has been developed to resolve the problem of protein mixtures and impure proteins. A 15 N-labelled target-specific mAb is selectively irradiated and the saturation is relayed through the target to the ligand. Tests on the anti-Gal-1 mAb/Gal-1/lactose system showed that the approach is experimentally feasible in a reasonable time frame. This method allows detection and identification of binding molecules directly from a protein mixture in a multicomponent system.

Direct detection of ligand binding to Sepharose-immobilised protein using saturation transfer double difference (STDD) NMR spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haselhorst, Thomas; Muenster-Kuehnel, Anja K.; Oschlies, Melanie

2007-08-10

We report an easy and direct application of 'Saturation Transfer Double Difference' (STDD) NMR spectroscopy to identify ligands that bind to a Sepharose-immobilised target protein. The model protein, cytidine 5'-monophosphate sialic acid (CMP-Sia) synthetase, was expressed as a Strep-Tag II fusion protein and immobilised on Strep-Tactin Sepharose. STD NMR experiments of the protein-enriched Sepharose matrix in the presence of a binding ligand (cytidine 5'-triphosphate, CTP) and a non-binding ligand ({alpha}/{beta}-glucose) clearly show that CTP binds to the immobilised enzyme, whereas glucose has no affinity. This approach has three major advantages: (a) only low quantities of protein are required, (b) nomore » specialised NMR technology or the application of additional data analysis by non-routine methods is required, and (c) easy multiple use of the immobilised protein is available.« less

Fast and Efficient Fragment-Based Lead Generation by Fully Automated Processing and Analysis of Ligand-Observed NMR Binding Data.

PubMed

Peng, Chen; Frommlet, Alexandra; Perez, Manuel; Cobas, Carlos; Blechschmidt, Anke; Dominguez, Santiago; Lingel, Andreas

2016-04-14

NMR binding assays are routinely applied in hit finding and validation during early stages of drug discovery, particularly for fragment-based lead generation. To this end, compound libraries are screened by ligand-observed NMR experiments such as STD, T1ρ, and CPMG to identify molecules interacting with a target. The analysis of a high number of complex spectra is performed largely manually and therefore represents a limiting step in hit generation campaigns. Here we report a novel integrated computational procedure that processes and analyzes ligand-observed proton and fluorine NMR binding data in a fully automated fashion. A performance evaluation comparing automated and manual analysis results on (19)F- and (1)H-detected data sets shows that the program delivers robust, high-confidence hit lists in a fraction of the time needed for manual analysis and greatly facilitates visual inspection of the associated NMR spectra. These features enable considerably higher throughput, the assessment of larger libraries, and shorter turn-around times.

Epitope mapping of imidazolium cations in ionic liquid-protein interactions unveils the balance between hydrophobicity and electrostatics towards protein destabilisation.

PubMed

Silva, Micael; Figueiredo, Angelo Miguel; Cabrita, Eurico J

2014-11-14

We investigated imidazolium-based ionic liquid (IL) interactions with human serum albumin (HSA) to discern the level of cation interactions towards protein stability. STD-NMR spectroscopy was used to observe the imidazolium IL protons involved in direct binding and to identify the interactions responsible for changes in Tm as accessed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Cations influence protein stability less than anions but still significantly. It was found that longer alkyl side chains of imidazolium-based ILs (more hydrophobic) are associated with a higher destabilisation effect on HSA than short-alkyl groups (less hydrophobic). The reason for such destabilisation lies on the increased surface contact area of the cation with the protein, particularly on the hydrophobic contacts promoted by the terminus of the alkyl chain. The relevance of the hydrophobic contacts is clearly demonstrated by the introduction of a polar moiety in the alkyl chain: a methoxy or alcohol group. Such structural modification reduces the degree of hydrophobic contacts with HSA explaining the lesser extent of protein destabilisation when compared to longer alkyl side chain groups: above [C2mim](+). Competition STD-NMR experiments using [C2mim](+), [C4mim](+) and [C2OHmim](+) also validate the importance of the hydrophobic interactions. The combined effect of cation and anion interactions was explored using (35)Cl NMR. Such experiments show that the nature of the cation has no influence on the anion-protein contacts, still the nature of the anion modulates the cation-protein interaction. Herein we propose that more destabilising anions are likely to be a result of a partial contribution from the cation as a direct consequence of the different levels of interaction (cation-anion pair and cation-protein).

Evaluation by fluorescence, STD-NMR, docking and semi-empirical calculations of the o-NBA photo-acid interaction with BSA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaves, Otávio A.; Jesus, Catarina S. H.; Cruz, Pedro F.; Sant'Anna, Carlos M. R.; Brito, Rui M. M.; Serpa, Carlos

2016-12-01

Serum albumins present reversible pH dependent conformational transitions. A sudden laser induced pH-jump is a methodology that can provide new insights on localized protein (un)folding processes that occur within the nanosecond to microsecond time scale. To generate the fast pH jump needed to fast-trigger a protein conformational event, a photo-triggered acid generator as o-nitrobenzaldehyde (o-NBA) can be conveniently used. In order to detect potential specific or nonspecific interactions between o-NBA and BSA, we have performed ligand-binding studies using fluorescence spectroscopy, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR, molecular docking and semi-empirical calculations. Fluorescence quenching indicates the formation of a non-fluorescent complex in the ground-state between the fluorophore and the quencher, but o-NBA does not bind much effectively to the protein (Ka 4.34 × 103 M- 1) and thus can be considered a relatively weak binder. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters: ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° showed that the binding process is spontaneous and entropy driven. Results of 1H STD-NMR confirm that the photo-acid and BSA interact, and the relative intensities of the signals in the STD spectra show that all o-NBA protons are equally involved in the binding process, which should correspond to a nonspecific interaction. Molecular docking and semi-empirical calculations suggest that the o-NBA binds preferentially to the Trp-212-containing site of BSA (FA7), interacting via hydrogen bonds with Arg-217 and Tyr-149 residues.

Evaluation by fluorescence, STD-NMR, docking and semi-empirical calculations of the o-NBA photo-acid interaction with BSA.

PubMed

Chaves, Otávio A; Jesus, Catarina S H; Cruz, Pedro F; Sant'Anna, Carlos M R; Brito, Rui M M; Serpa, Carlos

2016-12-05

Serum albumins present reversible pH dependent conformational transitions. A sudden laser induced pH-jump is a methodology that can provide new insights on localized protein (un)folding processes that occur within the nanosecond to microsecond time scale. To generate the fast pH jump needed to fast-trigger a protein conformational event, a photo-triggered acid generator as o-nitrobenzaldehyde (o-NBA) can be conveniently used. In order to detect potential specific or nonspecific interactions between o-NBA and BSA, we have performed ligand-binding studies using fluorescence spectroscopy, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR, molecular docking and semi-empirical calculations. Fluorescence quenching indicates the formation of a non-fluorescent complex in the ground-state between the fluorophore and the quencher, but o-NBA does not bind much effectively to the protein (Ka~4.34×10(3)M(-1)) and thus can be considered a relatively weak binder. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters: ΔG°, ΔS° and ΔH° showed that the binding process is spontaneous and entropy driven. Results of (1)H STD-NMR confirm that the photo-acid and BSA interact, and the relative intensities of the signals in the STD spectra show that all o-NBA protons are equally involved in the binding process, which should correspond to a nonspecific interaction. Molecular docking and semi-empirical calculations suggest that the o-NBA binds preferentially to the Trp-212-containing site of BSA (FA7), interacting via hydrogen bonds with Arg-217 and Tyr-149 residues. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Influence of carbohydrates on the interaction of procyanidin B3 with trypsin.

PubMed

Gonçalves, Rui; Mateus, Nuno; De Freitas, Victor

2011-11-09

The biological properties of procyanidins, in particular their inhibition of digestive enzymes, have received much attention in the past few years. Dietary carbohydrates are an environmental factor that is known to affect the interaction of procyanidins with proteins. This work aimed at understanding the effect of ionic food carbohydrates (polygalacturonic acid, arabic gum, pectin, and xanthan gum) on the interaction between procyanidins and trypsin. Physical-chemical techniques such as saturation transfer difference-NMR (STD-NMR) spectroscopy, fluorescence quenching, and nephelometry were used to evaluate the interaction process. Using STD-NMR, it was possible to identify the binding of procyanidin B3 to trypsin. The tested carbohydrates prevented the association of procyanidin B3 and trypsin by a competition mechanism in which the ionic character of carbohydrates and their ability to encapsulate procyanidins seem crucial leading to a reduction in STD signal and light scattering and to a recovery of the proteins intrinsic fluorescence. On the basis of these results, it was possible to grade the carbohydrates in their aggregation inhibition ability: XG > PA > AG ≫ PC. These effects may be relevant since the coingestion of procyanidins and ionic carbohydrates are frequent and furthermore since these might negatively affect the antinutritional properties ascribed to procyanidins in the past.

Structural Basis for Norovirus Inhibition and Fucose Mimicry by Citrate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hansman, Grant S.; Shahzad-ul-Hussan, Syed; McLellan, Jason S.

2012-01-20

Human noroviruses bind with their capsid-protruding domains to histo-blood-group antigens (HBGAs), an interaction thought to direct their entry into cells. Although human noroviruses are the major cause of gastroenteritis outbreaks, development of antivirals has been lacking, mainly because human noroviruses cannot be cultivated. Here we use X-ray crystallography and saturation transfer difference nuclear magnetic resonance (STD NMR) to analyze the interaction of citrate with genogroup II (GII) noroviruses. Crystals of citrate in complex with the protruding domain from norovirus GII.10 Vietnam026 diffracted to 1.4 {angstrom} and showed a single citrate bound at the site of HBGA interaction. The citrate interactionmore » was coordinated with a set of capsid interactions almost identical to that involved in recognizing the terminal HBGA fucose, the saccharide which forms the primary conserved interaction between HBGAs and GII noroviruses. Citrate and a water molecule formed a ring-like structure that mimicked the pyranoside ring of fucose. STD NMR showed the protruding domain to have weak affinity for citrate (460 {mu}M). This affinity, however, was similar to the affinities of the protruding domain for fucose (460 {mu}M) and H type 2 trisaccharide (390 {mu}M), an HBGA shown previously to be specifically recognized by human noroviruses. Importantly, competition STD NMR showed that citrate could compete with HBGA for norovirus binding. Together, the results suggest that citrate and other glycomimetics have the potential to block human noroviruses from binding to HBGAs.« less

Structural insights into the interaction of a monoclonal antibody and Nodal peptides by STD-NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Calvanese, Luisa; Focà, Annalia; Sandomenico, Annamaria; Focà, Giuseppina; Caporale, Andrea; Doti, Nunzianna; Iaccarino, Emanuela; Leonardi, Antonio; D'Auria, Gabriella; Ruvo, Menotti; Falcigno, Lucia

2017-12-15

Nodal is a growth factor expressed during early embryonic development, but reactivated in several advanced-stage cancers. Targeting of Nodal signaling, which occurs via the binding to Cripto-1 co-receptor, results in inhibition of cell aggressiveness and reduced tumor growth. The Nodal binding region to Cripto-1 was identified and targeted with a high affinity monoclonal antibody (3D1). By STD-NMR technique, we investigated the interaction of Nodal fragments with 3D1 with the aim to elucidate at atomic level the interaction surface. Data indicate with high accuracy the antibody-antigen contact atoms and confirm the information previously obtained by immune-enzymatic methods. Main residues contacted by 3D1 are P46, V47, E49 and E50, which belong to the Nodal loop involved in the interaction with the co-receptor. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enriching the biological space of natural products and charting drug metabolites, through real time biotransformation monitoring: The NMR tube bioreactor.

PubMed

Chatzikonstantinou, Alexandra V; Chatziathanasiadou, Maria V; Ravera, Enrico; Fragai, Marco; Parigi, Giacomo; Gerothanassis, Ioannis P; Luchinat, Claudio; Stamatis, Haralambos; Tzakos, Andreas G

2018-01-01

Natural products offer a wide range of biological activities, but they are not easily integrated in the drug discovery pipeline, because of their inherent scaffold intricacy and the associated complexity in their synthetic chemistry. Enzymes may be used to perform regioselective and stereoselective incorporation of functional groups in the natural product core, avoiding harsh reaction conditions, several protection/deprotection and purification steps. Herein, we developed a three step protocol carried out inside an NMR-tube. 1st-step: STD-NMR was used to predict the: i) capacity of natural products as enzyme substrates and ii) possible regioselectivity of the biotransformations. 2nd-step: The real-time formation of multiple-biotransformation products in the NMR-tube bioreactor was monitored in-situ. 3rd-step: STD-NMR was applied in the mixture of the biotransformed products to screen ligands for protein targets. Herein, we developed a simple and time-effective process, the "NMR-tube bioreactor", that is able to: (i) predict which component of a mixture of natural products can be enzymatically transformed, (ii) monitor in situ the transformation efficacy and regioselectivity in crude extracts and multiple substrate biotransformations without fractionation and (iii) simultaneously screen for interactions of the biotransformation products with pharmaceutical protein targets. We have developed a green, time-, and cost-effective process that provide a simple route from natural products to lead compounds for drug discovery. This process can speed up the most crucial steps in the early drug discovery process, and reduce the chemical manipulations usually involved in the pipeline, improving the environmental compatibility. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interaction between Wine Phenolic Acids and Salivary Proteins by Saturation-Transfer Difference Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (STD-NMR) and Molecular Dynamics Simulations.

PubMed

Ferrer-Gallego, Raúl; Hernández-Hierro, José Miguel; Brás, Natércia F; Vale, Nuno; Gomes, Paula; Mateus, Nuno; de Freitas, Victor; Heredia, Francisco J; Escribano-Bailón, María Teresa

2017-08-09

The interaction between phenolic compounds and salivary proteins is highly related to the astringency perception. Recently, it has been proven the existence of synergisms on the perceived astringency when phenolic acids were tested as mixtures in comparison to individual compounds, maintaining constant the total amount of the stimulus. The interactions between wine phenolic acids and the peptide fragment IB7 12 have been studied by saturation-transfer difference (STD) NMR spectroscopy. This technique provided the dissociation constants and the percentage of interaction between both individual and mixtures of hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids and the model peptide. It is noteworthy that hydroxybenzoic acids showed higher affinity for the peptide than hydroxycinnamic acids. To obtain further insights into the mechanisms of interaction, molecular dynamics simulations have been performed. Results obtained not only showed the ability of these compounds to interact with salivary proteins but also may justify the synergistic effect observed in previous sensory studies.

Insights into (S)-rivastigmine inhibition of butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE): Molecular docking and saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR).

PubMed

Bacalhau, Patrícia; San Juan, Amor A; Goth, Albertino; Caldeira, A Teresa; Martins, Rosário; Burke, Anthony J

2016-08-01

Rivastigmine is a very important drug prescribed for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms. It is a dual inhibitor, in that it inhibits both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE). For our screening program on the discovery of new rivastigmine analogue hits for human butyrylcholinesterase (hBuChE) inhibition, we investigated the interaction of this inhibitor with BuChE using the complimentary approach of the biophysical method, saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR and molecular docking. This allowed us to obtain essential information on the key binding interactions between the inhibitor and the enzyme to be used for screening of hit compounds. The main conclusions obtained from this integrated study was that the most dominant interactions were (a) H-bonding between the carbamate carbonyl of the inhibitor and the NH group of the imidazole unit of H434, (b) stacking of the aromatic unit of the inhibitor and the W82 aromatic unit in the choline binding pocket via π-π interactions and (c) possible CH/π interactions between the benzylic methyl group and the N-methyl groups of the inhibitor and W82 of the enzyme. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interactions of cinnamaldehyde and its metabolite cinnamic acid with human serum albumin and interference of other food additives.

PubMed

Sun, Qiaomei; Yang, Hongqin; Tang, Peixiao; Liu, Jiuyang; Wang, Wan; Li, Hui

2018-03-15

Considering the adverse effect of food additives on humans, thorough research of their physiological effects at the molecular level is important. The interactions of cinnamaldehyde (CNMA), a food perfume, and its major metabolite cinnamic acid (CA) with human serum albumin (HSA) were examined by multiple-spectroscopies. NMR analysis revealed CNMA and CA both bound to HSA, and STD-NMR experiments established CNMA and CA primarily interacted with site I and site II of HSA, respectively. The ligands caused strong quenching of HSA fluorescence through a static quenching mechanism, with hydrophobic and electrostatic interaction between CNMA/CA and HSA, respectively. UV-vis absorption and CD results showed ligands induced secondary structure changes of HSA. Binding configurations were proved by docking method. Furthermore, binding constants of CNMA/CA-HSA systems were influenced by the addition of four other food additives. These studies have increased our knowledge regarding the safety and biological action of CNMA and CA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of B. anthracis N(5)-carboxyaminoimidazole ribonucleotide mutase (PurE) active site binding compounds via fragment library screening.

PubMed

Lei, Hao; Jones, Christopher; Zhu, Tian; Patel, Kavankumar; Wolf, Nina M; Fung, Leslie W-M; Lee, Hyun; Johnson, Michael E

2016-02-15

The de novo purine biosynthesis pathway is an attractive target for antibacterial drug design, and PurE from this pathway has been identified to be crucial for Bacillus anthracis survival in serum. In this study we adopted a fragment-based hit discovery approach, using three screening methods-saturation transfer difference nucleus magnetic resonance (STD-NMR), water-ligand observed via gradient spectroscopy (WaterLOGSY) NMR, and surface plasmon resonance (SPR), against B. anthracis PurE (BaPurE) to identify active site binding fragments by initially testing 352 compounds in a Zenobia fragment library. Competition STD NMR with the BaPurE product effectively eliminated non-active site binding hits from the primary hits, selecting active site binders only. Binding affinities (dissociation constant, KD) of these compounds varied between 234 and 301μM. Based on test results from the Zenobia compounds, we subsequently developed and applied a streamlined fragment screening strategy to screen a much larger library consisting of 3000 computationally pre-selected fragments. Thirteen final fragment hits were confirmed to exhibit binding affinities varying from 14μM to 700μM, which were categorized into five different basic scaffolds. All thirteen fragment hits have ligand efficiencies higher than 0.30. We demonstrated that at least two fragments from two different scaffolds exhibit inhibitory activity against the BaPurE enzyme. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

"Something of an adventure": postwar NIH research ethos and the Guatemala STD experiments.

PubMed

Spector-Bagdady, Kayte; Lombardo, Paul A

2013-01-01

The STD experiments in Guatemala from 1946-1948 have earned a place of infamy in the history of medical ethics. But if the Guatemala STD experiments were so "ethically impossible," how did the U.S. government approve their funding? Although much of the literature has targeted the failings of Dr. John Cutler, we focus on the institutional context and research ethos that shaped the outcome of the research. After the end of WWII, Dr. Cassius Van Slyke reconstructed the federal research contracts process into a grant program. The inaugural NIH study section recommended approval of the Guatemala STD experiments at its first meeting. The funding and oversight process of the Guatemala research was marked with serious conflicts of interest and a lack of oversight, and it was this structure, as opposed to merely a maleficent individual, that allowed the Guatemala STD experiments to proceed. We conclude that while current research regulations are designed to prevent the abuses perpetrated on the subjects of the Guatemala STD experiments, it takes a comprehensive understanding of research ethics through professional education to achieve the longstanding ideal of the responsible investigator, and ensure ethical research under any regulatory scheme. © 2013 American Society of Law, Medicine & Ethics, Inc.

Inhibition of Influenza H7 Hemagglutinin-Mediated Entry

PubMed Central

Antanasijevic, Aleksandar; Cheng, Han; Wardrop, Duncan J.; Rong, Lijun; Caffrey, Michael

2013-01-01

The recent outbreak of H7N9 influenza in China is of high concern to public health. H7 hemagglutinin (HA) plays a critical role in influenza entry and thus HA presents an attractive target for antivirals. Previous studies have suggested that the small molecule tert-butyl hydroquinone (TBHQ) inhibits the entry of influenza H3 HA by binding to the stem loop of HA and stabilizing the neutral pH conformation of HA, thereby disrupting the membrane fusion step. Based on amino acid sequence, structure and immunogenicity, H7 is a related Group 2 HA. In this work we show, using a pseudovirus entry assay, that TBHQ inhibits H7 HA-mediated entry, as well as H3 HA-mediated entry, with an IC50∼6 µM. Using NMR, we show that TBHQ binds to the H7 stem loop region. STD NMR experiments indicate that the aromatic ring of TBHQ makes extensive contact with the H7 HA surface. Limited proteolysis experiments indicate that TBHQ inhibits influenza entry by stabilizing the H7 HA neutral pH conformation. Together, this work suggests that the stem loop region of H7 HA is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention and that TBHQ, which is a widely used food preservative, is a promising lead compound. PMID:24194835

Evaluation of MSFC-STD-486, ''Threaded Fasteners, Torque Limits For'' for use in the construction of aerospace vhicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hart, J. F.

1973-01-01

MSFC-STD-486, Threaded Fasteners, Torque Limits For, is a relatively new standard that has not had much user experience. This test was run to provide such experience and verify the values in MSFC-STD-486. This was accomplished by plotting torque-tension curves on aluminum and alloy steel aircraft quality bolts and nuts through 1/2 inch in diameter.

Identification and characterization of small molecule inhibitors of the calcium-dependent S100B-p53 tumor suppressor interaction.

PubMed

Markowitz, Joseph; Chen, Ijen; Gitti, Rossi; Baldisseri, Donna M; Pan, Yongping; Udan, Ryan; Carrier, France; MacKerell, Alexander D; Weber, David J

2004-10-07

The binding of S100B to p53 down-regulates wild-type p53 tumor suppressor activity in cancer cells such as malignant melanoma, so a search for small molecules that bind S100B and prevent S100B-p53 complex formation was undertaken. Chemical databases were computationally searched for potential inhibitors of S100B, and 60 compounds were selected for testing on the basis of energy scoring, commercial availability, and chemical similarity clustering. Seven of these compounds bound to S100B as determined by steady state fluorescence spectroscopy (1.0 microM < or = K(D) < or = 120 microM) and five inhibited the growth of primary malignant melanoma cells (C8146A) at comparable concentrations (1.0 microM < or = IC(50) < or = 50 microM). Additionally, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments confirmed binding and qualitatively identified protons from the small molecule at the small molecule-S100B interface. Heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) NMR titrations indicate that these compounds interact with the p53 binding site on S100B. An NMR-docked model of one such inhibitor, pentamidine, bound to Ca(2+)-loaded S100B was calculated using intermolecular NOE data between S100B and the drug, and indicates that pentamidine binds into the p53 binding site on S100B defined by helices 3 and 4 and loop 2 (termed the hinge region).

Molecular Interaction Between Salivary Proteins and Food Tannins.

PubMed

Silva, Mafalda Santos; García-Estévez, Ignacio; Brandão, Elsa; Mateus, Nuno; de Freitas, Victor; Soares, Susana

2017-08-09

Polyphenols interaction with salivary proteins (SP) has been related with organoleptic features such as astringency. The aim of this work was to study the interaction between some human SP and tannins through two spectroscopic techniques, fluorescence quenching, and saturation transfer difference-nuclear magnetic resonance (STD-NMR). Generally, the results showed a significant interaction between SP and both condensed tannins and ellagitannins. Herein, STD-NMR proved to be a useful tool to map tannins' epitopes of binding, while fluorescence quenching allowed one to discriminate binding affinities. Ellagitannins showed the greatest binding constants values (K SV from 20.1 to 94.1 mM -1 ; K A from 0.7 to 8.3 mM -1 ) in comparison with procyanidins (K SV from 5.4 to 40.0 mM -1 ; K A from 1.1 to 2.7 mM -1 ). In fact, punicalagin was the tannin that demonstrated the highest affinity for all three SP. Regarding SP, P-B peptide was the one with higher affinity for ellagitannins. On the other hand, cystatins showed in general the lower K SV and K A values. In the case of condensed tannins, statherin was the SP with the highest affinity, contrasting with the other two SP. Altogether, these results are evidence that the distinct SP present in the oral cavity have different abilities to interact with food tannins class.

New cholinesterase inhibitors for Alzheimer's disease: Structure Activity Studies (SARs) and molecular docking of isoquinolone and azepanone derivatives.

PubMed

Bacalhau, Patrícia; San Juan, Amor A; Marques, Carolina S; Peixoto, Daniela; Goth, Albertino; Guarda, Cátia; Silva, Mara; Arantes, Sílvia; Caldeira, A Teresa; Martins, Rosário; Burke, Anthony J

2016-08-01

A library of isoquinolinone and azepanone derivatives were screened for both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activity. The strategy adopted included (a) in vitro biological assays, against eel AChE (EeAChE) and equine serum BuChE (EqBuChE) in order to determine the compounds IC50 and their dose-response activity, consolidated by (b) molecular docking studies to evaluate the docking poses and interatomic interactions in the case of the hit compounds, validated by STD-NMR studies. Compound (1f) was identified as one of these hits with an IC50 of 89.5μM for EeAChE and 153.8μM for EqBuChE, (2a) was identified as a second hit with an IC50 of 108.4μM (EeAChE) and 277.8μM (EqBuChE). In order to gain insights into the binding mode and principle active site interactions of these molecules, (R)-(1f) along with 3 other analogues (also as the R-enantiomer) were docked into both RhAChE and hBuChE models. Galantamine was used as the benchmark. The docking study was validated by performing an STD-NMR study of (1f) with EeAChE using galantamine as the benchmark. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Interaction Between Cyanine Dye IR-783 and Polystyrene Nanoparticles in Solution.

PubMed

Zhang, Yunzhi; Xu, Hui; Casabianca, Leah B

2018-05-17

The interactions between small molecule drugs or dyes and nanoparticles are important to the use of nanoparticles in medicine. Noncovalent adsorption of dyes on nanoparticle surfaces is also important to the development of nanoparticle dual-use imaging contrast agents. In the present work, solution-state NMR is used to examine the noncovalent interaction between a near-infrared cyanine dye and the surface of polystyrene nanoparticles in solution. Using 1D proton NMR, we can approximate the number of dye molecules that associate with each nanoparticle for different sized nanoparticles. Saturation-Transfer Difference (STD)-NMR was also used to show that protons near the positively-charged nitrogen in the dye are more strongly associated with the negatively-charged nanoparticle surface than protons near the negatively-charged sulfate groups of the dye. The methods described here can be used to study similar drug or dye molecules interacting with the surface of organic nanoparticles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Prior HIV testing among STD patients in Guangdong Province, China: opportunities for expanding detection of sexually transmitted HIV infection.

PubMed

Tucker, Joseph D; Yang, Li-Gang; Yang, Bin; Young, Darwin; Henderson, Gail E; Huang, Shu-Jie; Lu, He-Kun; Chen, Xiang-Sheng; Cohen, Myron S

2012-03-01

Expanding HIV testing is important among individuals at increased risk for sexual HIV transmission in China, but little is known about prior HIV testing experiences among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients. This cross-sectional study of 1792 outpatients from 6 public STD clinics in Guangdong Province recorded detailed information about ever having been tested for HIV infection in addition to sociodemographic variables, health seeking, clinical STD history, and HIV stigma using a validated survey instrument. A total of 456 (25.4%) of the STD patients in this sample had ever been tested for HIV infection. STD patients who were male, had higher income, more education, were at City A and City C, received STD services at public facilities, had used intravenous drugs, and had a history of an STD were more likely to ever receive an HIV test in multivariate analysis. Low perceived HIV risk was the most common reason for not receiving an HIV test. Only 7.7% of the sample reported fear of discrimination or loss of face as influencing their lack of HIV testing. Incomplete prior HIV screening among STD patients in China suggests the need for broadening HIV testing opportunities at STD clinics and similar clinical settings attended by those with increased sexual risk.

Sexual Behavior and Condom Use among Gay Men, Female Sex Workers, and Their Customers: Evidence from South Korea

PubMed Central

Jung, Minsoo

2013-01-01

Background Despite the significance for sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control in East Asia, few studies have examined the relationship between high-risk sexual behavior and condom use. We investigated how three sexually vulnerable groups for STDs show differences in condom use behaviors (CUBs) depending on their STD infection. Methods The source of data came from the National Survey for STD Prevalence Rate and Sexual Behavior of the High-Risk Sexual Community. The effects of behavioral determinants on CUBs were estimated by using path analysis models. An 11-item questionnaire assessing subjects’ health risk behaviors, sexual beliefs, sexual risk behaviors, and condom use. Results Condom use was higher for men who have sex with men (MSM; n = 108) when they were bisexuals and had high self-efficacy, for Johns (Johns; n = 118) when they had experience of STD infection, and for female sex workers (FSWs; n = 1,083) when they had high self-efficacy, did not engage in drunken sex, and were anxious about infection. Regardless of whether they were infected with STDs, FSWs always used condom when they had high sexual beliefs. On the contrary, Johns exhibited a negative relationship between sexual risk behavior and condom use when they had experience of STD infection. The variable commonly significant to all three groups was the number of sex partners; but it exhibited a positive relationship with MSMs and Johns, and a negative one with FSWs. Conclusions CUBs were related to sexual beliefs as well as sexual risk behavior. At the same time, the experience of STD infection mediated the relationship between the two. Therefore, we need to draw social attention to promote safer sex among STD-vulnerable groups. PMID:23950786

Prior HIV Testing among STD Patients in Guangdong Province, China: Opportunities for Expanding Detection of Sexually Transmitted HIV Infection

PubMed Central

Tucker, Joseph D; Yang, Li-Gang; Yang, Bin; Young, Darwin; Henderson, Gail E; Huang, Shu-Jie; Lu, He-Kun; Chen, Xiang-Sheng; Cohen, Myron S

2011-01-01

Background Expanding HIV testing is important among individuals at increased risk for sexual HIV transmission in China, but little is known about prior HIV testing experiences among sexually transmitted disease (STD) patients. Methods This cross-sectional study of 1792 outpatients from six public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Guangdong Province recorded detailed information about ever having been tested for HIV infection in addition to socio-demographic variables, health seeking, clinical STD history, and HIV stigma using a validated survey instrument. Results 456 (25.4%) of the STD patients in this sample had ever been tested for HIV infection. STD patients who were male, had higher income, more education, were at City A and City C, received STD services at public facilities, had used intravenous drugs, and had a history of an STD were more likely to ever receive an HIV test in multivariate analysis. Low perceived HIV risk was the most common reason for not receiving an HIV test. Only 7.7% of the sample reported fear of discrimination or loss of face as influencing their lack of HIV testing. Conclusion Incomplete prior HIV screening among STD patients in China suggests the need for broadening HIV testing opportunities at STD clinics and similar clinical settings attended by those with increased sexual risk. PMID:22337103

Unintended Pregnancy and Its Correlates among Female Attendees of Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in Eastern China

PubMed Central

Ma, Qiaoqin; Pan, Xiaohong; Cai, Gaofeng; Yan, Jiezhe; Xu, Yun; Ono-Kihara, Masako; Kihara, Masahiro

2013-01-01

This study is to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its risk factors among the female attendees of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Zhejiang Province, China. A self-administered questionnaire survey of a cross-sectional design was administered to attendees at four STD clinics in 2007. Of the 313 female STD clinic attendees, 42.5% reported that they had at least one unintended pregnancy; the induced abortion rate was 39.0%. Over their lifetime, 12.1% responded “use condoms always/often” and 5.4% “always/often used oral contraceptives.” The risk factors for the unintended pregnancy identified by the multivariate analysis were as follows: being married, experience of nonconsensual sex, and a history of STD, having two and over two sexual partners. Unintended pregnancies and induced abortion by female STD clinic attendees have reached an alarming prevalence. Doctors at STD clinics should attach importance not only to the STD problem of the female attendees, but also to the unintended pregnancy and the associated factors. Targeted contraceptive counseling and intervention should be promoted at STD clinics as a strategy to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the reproductive health services in China. PMID:23841063

Unintended pregnancy and its correlates among female attendees of sexually transmitted disease clinics in Eastern China.

PubMed

Ma, Qiaoqin; Pan, Xiaohong; Cai, Gaofeng; Yan, Jiezhe; Xu, Yun; Ono-Kihara, Masako; Kihara, Masahiro

2013-01-01

This study is to determine the prevalence of unintended pregnancy and its risk factors among the female attendees of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics in Zhejiang Province, China. A self-administered questionnaire survey of a cross-sectional design was administered to attendees at four STD clinics in 2007. Of the 313 female STD clinic attendees, 42.5% reported that they had at least one unintended pregnancy; the induced abortion rate was 39.0%. Over their lifetime, 12.1% responded "use condoms always/often" and 5.4% "always/often used oral contraceptives." The risk factors for the unintended pregnancy identified by the multivariate analysis were as follows: being married, experience of nonconsensual sex, and a history of STD, having two and over two sexual partners. Unintended pregnancies and induced abortion by female STD clinic attendees have reached an alarming prevalence. Doctors at STD clinics should attach importance not only to the STD problem of the female attendees, but also to the unintended pregnancy and the associated factors. Targeted contraceptive counseling and intervention should be promoted at STD clinics as a strategy to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the reproductive health services in China.

Affinity analysis and application of dipeptides derived from l-tyrosine in plasmid purification.

PubMed

Ferreira, Soraia; Carvalho, Josué; Valente, Joana F A; Corvo, Marta C; Cabrita, Eurico J; Sousa, Fani; Queiroz, João A; Cruz, Carla

2015-12-01

The developments in the use of plasmid DNA (pDNA) in gene therapy and vaccines have motivated the search and improvement of optimized purification processes. In this context, dipeptides l-tyrosine-l-tyrosine and l-tyrosine-l-arginine are synthetized to explore their application as affinity ligands for supercoiled (sc) plasmid DNA (pDNA) purification. The synthesis is based on the protection of N-Boc-l-tyrosine, followed by condensation with l-tyrosine or l-arginine methyl esters in the presence of dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), which after hydrolysis and acidification give the afforded dipeptides. The supports are then obtained by coupling l-tyrosine, l-tyrosine-l-tyrosine and l-tyrosine-l-arginine to epoxy-activated Sepharose and are characterized by high resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor is used to establish the promising ligand to be used in the chromatographic experiments and ascertain experimental conditions. Sc isoform showed the highest affinity to the dipeptides, followed by linear (ln) pDNA, being the open circular (oc) the one that promoted the lowest affinity to l-tyrosine-l-arginine. Saturation transfer difference (STD)-NMR experiments show that the interaction is mainly hydrophobic with the majority of the 5'-mononucleotides, except for 5'-GMP with l-tyrosine-l-arginine Sepharose that is mainly electrostatic. The support l-tyrosine Sepharose used in chromatographic experiments promotes the separation of native pVAX1-LacZ and pcDNA3-FLAG-p53 samples (oc+sc) by decreasing the salt concentration. The results suggest that it is possible to purify different plasmids with the l-tyrosine Sepharose, with slight adjustments in the gradient conditions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improving the Performance at Elevated Temperature of High Voltage Graphite/LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4 Cells with Added Lithium Catechol Dimethyl Borate

DOE PAGES

Dong, Yingnan; Demeaux, Julien; Zhang, Yuzi; ...

2016-12-13

Performance of LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4/graphite cells cycled to 4.8 V at 55°C with the 1.2 M LiPF 6 in EC/EMC (3/7, STD electrolyte) with and without added lithium catechol dimethyl borate (LiCDMB) has been investigated. The incorporation of 0.5 wt% LiCDMB to the STD electrolyte results in an improved capacity retention and coulombic efficiency upon cycling at 55°C. Ex-situ analysis of the electrode surfaces via a combination of SEM, TEM, and XPS reveals that oxidation of LiCDMB at high potential results in the deposition of a passivation layer on the electrode surface, preventing transition metal ion dissolution from themore » cathode and subsequent deposition on the anode. NMR investigations of the bulk electrolyte stored at 85°C reveals that added LiCDMB prevents the thermal decomposition of LiPF 6.« less

Improving the Performance at Elevated Temperature of High Voltage Graphite/LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4 Cells with Added Lithium Catechol Dimethyl Borate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dong, Yingnan; Demeaux, Julien; Zhang, Yuzi

Performance of LiNi 0.5Mn 1.5O 4/graphite cells cycled to 4.8 V at 55°C with the 1.2 M LiPF 6 in EC/EMC (3/7, STD electrolyte) with and without added lithium catechol dimethyl borate (LiCDMB) has been investigated. The incorporation of 0.5 wt% LiCDMB to the STD electrolyte results in an improved capacity retention and coulombic efficiency upon cycling at 55°C. Ex-situ analysis of the electrode surfaces via a combination of SEM, TEM, and XPS reveals that oxidation of LiCDMB at high potential results in the deposition of a passivation layer on the electrode surface, preventing transition metal ion dissolution from themore » cathode and subsequent deposition on the anode. NMR investigations of the bulk electrolyte stored at 85°C reveals that added LiCDMB prevents the thermal decomposition of LiPF 6.« less

Impact of attitudes and beliefs regarding African American sexual behavior on STD prevention and control in African American communities: unintended consequences.

PubMed

Valentine, Jo A

2008-12-01

Compared to whites, blacks experience significant health disparities for sexually transmitted diseases, particularly in the rates of chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. To develop more effective interventions to control and prevent STDs, public health practitioners should better understand and respond to factors that facilitate sexual risk-taking behaviors and impede access to STD health care and make use of factors that promote sexual health. Legacies of slavery, racism, and economic or class discrimination leave many blacks suspicious of interventions aimed at improving the welfare of their communities. Sexual behavior, in particular, has been used to justify social oppression of blacks in the United States. Although efforts to engage affected black communities in improving STD health care delivery have been undertaken, bias, prejudice, and stereotyping continue to contribute to negative experiences for many blacks across health care settings, including those involving STD care. Implementing more effective interventions to reduce the disparate burden of bacterial STDs in black communities requires accessible and acceptable STD health care. Understanding and addressing the potential impact of both provider and patient attitudes can improve these service delivery outcomes.

The Ruggedized STD Bus Microcomputer - A low cost computer suitable for Space Shuttle experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Budney, T. J.; Stone, R. W.

1982-01-01

Previous space flight computers have been costly in terms of both hardware and software. The Ruggedized STD Bus Microcomputer is based on the commercial Mostek/Pro-Log STD Bus. Ruggedized PC cards can be based on commercial cards from more than 60 manufacturers, reducing hardware cost and design time. Software costs are minimized by using standard 8-bit microprocessors and by debugging code using commercial versions of the ruggedized flight boards while the flight hardware is being fabricated.

Docking, synthesis, and NMR studies of mannosyl trisaccharide ligands for DC-SIGN lectin.

PubMed

Reina, José J; Díaz, Irene; Nieto, Pedro M; Campillo, Nuria E; Páez, Juan A; Tabarani, Georges; Fieschi, Franck; Rojo, Javier

2008-08-07

DC-SIGN, a lectin, which presents at the surface of immature dendritic cells, constitutes nowadays a promising target for the design of new antiviral drugs. This lectin recognizes highly glycosylated proteins present at the surface of several pathogens such as HIV, Ebola virus, Candida albicans, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, etc. Understanding the binding mode of this lectin is a topic of tremendous interest and will permit a rational design of new and more selective ligands. Here, we present computational and experimental tools to study the interaction of di- and trisaccharides with DC-SIGN. Docking analysis of complexes involving mannosyl di- and trisaccharides and the carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD) of DC-SIGN have been performed. Trisaccharides Manalpha1,2[Manalpha1,6]Man 1 and Manalpha1,3[Manalpha1,6]Man 2 were synthesized from an orthogonally protected mannose as a common intermediate. Using these ligands and the soluble extracellular domain (ECD) of DC-SIGN, NMR experiments based on STD and transfer-NOE were performed providing additional information. Conformational analysis of the mannosyl ligands in the free and bound states was done. These studies have demonstrated that terminal mannoses at positions 2 or 3 in the trisaccharides are the most important moiety and present the strongest contact with the binding site of the lectin. Multiple binding modes could be proposed and therefore should be considered in the design of new ligands.

Developing a Motion Comic for HIV/STD Prevention for Young People Ages 15-24, Part 1: Listening to Your Target Audience.

PubMed

Willis, Leigh A; Kachur, Rachel; Castellanos, Ted J; Spikes, Pilgrim; Gaul, Zaneta J; Gamayo, Ashley C; Durham, Marcus; Jones, Sandra; Nichols, Kristen; Han Barthelemy, Solange; LaPlace, Lisa; Staatz, Colleen; Hogben, Matthew; Robinson, Susan; Brooks, John T; Sutton, Madeline Y

2018-02-01

Young people (15-24 years) in the United States are disproportionately affected by infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted diseases (STD). Shortfalls in HIV/STD-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions (KABI) likely contribute to this discrepancy. In this report we describe our experience developing a novel means of health communication combining entertainment-education theory and recent technological advances to create a HIV/STD-focused "motion comic." We also report the audience satisfaction and acceptance of the intervention. We used the Health Belief Model (HBM), entertainment-education (EE) principles, and the Sabido Method (SM) and conducted three rounds of focus groups to develop a 38-minute HIV/STD focused motion comic for young people between the ages 15 and 24 years. Participants indicated that motion comics were an acceptable method of delivering HIV/STD prevention messages. They also expressed satisfaction with motion comics plot, story settings, the tone of humor, and drama. Our results suggest that motion comics are a viable new method of delivering health communication messages about HIV/STD and other public health issues, and warrant further development and broader evaluation.

Sexually transmitted disease control in China (1949-1994).

PubMed

Shao, C; Xu, W; Ye, G

1996-12-01

This paper summarizes the historical experiences in venereal disease control in China during the 1950s. Venereal diseases had been all but eliminated in the whole country till 1964. However, along with the implementation of open-door policy and economic reform in the 1980s, the social environment was changed to a great extent in this country. Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were re-introduced in the Chinese mainland and new foci of infection established themselves in some cities. During the recent 8 years the national STD case-reporting and sentinel surveillance systems have been set up. The results of surveillance show that the annual incidence of STD has been on the increase. The existing factors associated with the increasing incidence of STD mainly are; population movement, increasing affluence in a part of population, the availability of multiple sexual partners (including the prostitution) and asymptomatic STD increased. Finally, the strategies for STD control are discussed in detail.

HIV and STD testing in prisons: perspectives of in-prison service providers.

PubMed

Grinstead, Olga; Seal, David W; Wolitski, Richard; Flanigan, Timothy; Fitzgerald, Christine; Nealey-Moore, Jill; Askew, John

2003-12-01

Because individuals at risk for HIV and STDs are concentrated in prisons and jails, incarceration is an opportunity to provide HIV and STD testing. We interviewed 72 service providers working in U.S. prisons in four states about their experiences with and perceptions regarding HIV and STD testing in prison. Providers' job duties represented administration, education, security, counseling, and medical care. Providers' knowledge of prison procedures and programs related to HIV and STD testing was narrowly limited to their specific job duties, resulting in many missed opportunities for prevention counseling and referral. Suggestions include increasing health care and counseling staff so posttest counseling can be provided for those with negative as well as positive test results, providing additional prevention programs for incarcerated persons, improving staff training about HIV and STD testing, and improving communication among in-prison providers as well as between corrections and public health staff.

Glycodendritic structures based on Boltorn hyperbranched polymers and their interactions with Lens culinaris lectin.

PubMed

Arce, Eva; Nieto, Pedro M; Díaz, Vicente; Castro, Rossana García; Bernad, Antonio; Rojo, Javier

2003-01-01

Multivalent scaffolds bearing carbohydrates have been prepared to mediate biological processes where carbohydrates are involved. These systems consist of dendritic structures based on Boltorn H20 and H30 hyperbranched polymers to which carbohydrates are linked through a convenient spacer. Mannose has been chosen as a sugar unit to test the viability of this strategy. These glycodendritic compounds have been prepared in a few steps with good yields, showing a high solubility in physiological media and low toxicity. The binding of these dendritic polymers to the mannose-binding lectin Lens culinaris (LCA) was studied using STD-NMR experiments and quantitative precipitation assays. The results demonstrate the existence of a clear interaction between the mannose derivative systems and the Lens lectin where the dendritic scaffold does not have an important role in mannose binding but supplies the necessary multivalence for lectin cluster formation. These glycodendritic structures are able to interact with a receptor, and therefore they can be considered as promising tools for biological studies.

Depression, Suicidal Ideation and STD-Related Risk in Homeless Older Adolescents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rohde, Paul; Noell, John; Ochs, Linda; Seeley, John R.

2001-01-01

Goals of this study were to examine the frequency of depression and related constructs of suicidal ideation and hopelessness in a sample of homeless older adolescents and their associations with behaviors, such as infrequent condom use and homosexual experience, that may increase the risk of sexually transmitted disease (STD). (BF)

A novel integration effort to reduce the risk for alcohol-exposed pregnancy among women attending urban STD clinics.

PubMed

Hutton, Heidi E; Chander, Geetanjali; Green, Patricia P; Hutsell, Catherine A; Weingarten, Kimberly; Peterson, Karen L

2014-01-01

Alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) is a significant public health problem in the United States. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics serve female clients with a high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption coupled with ineffective contraceptive use. Project CHOICES (Changing High-Risk AlcOhol Use and Increasing Contraception Effectiveness) is an evidence-based, brief intervention to lower risk of AEP by targeting alcohol and contraceptive behaviors through motivational interviewing and individualized feedback. We describe our experience integrating and implementing CHOICES in STD clinics. This endeavor aligns with CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention's program collaboration and service integration strategic priority to strengthen collaborative work across disease areas and integrate services provided by related programs at the client level.

A Novel Integration Effort to Reduce the Risk for Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancy Among Women Attending Urban STD Clinics

PubMed Central

Hutton, Heidi E.; Chander, Geetanjali; Green, Patricia P.; Hutsell, Catherine A.; Weingarten, Kimberly

2014-01-01

Alcohol-exposed pregnancy (AEP) is a significant public health problem in the United States. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics serve female clients with a high prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption coupled with ineffective contraceptive use. Project CHOICES (Changing High-Risk AlcOhol Use and Increasing Contraception Effectiveness) is an evidence-based, brief intervention to lower risk of AEP by targeting alcohol and contraceptive behaviors through motivational interviewing and individualized feedback. We describe our experience integrating and implementing CHOICES in STD clinics. This endeavor aligns with CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention's program collaboration and service integration strategic priority to strengthen collaborative work across disease areas and integrate services provided by related programs at the client level. PMID:24385650

The crystal structure of the AgamOBP1•Icaridin complex reveals alternative binding modes and stereo-selective repellent recognition.

PubMed

Drakou, Christina E; Tsitsanou, Katerina E; Potamitis, Constantinos; Fessas, Dimitrios; Zervou, Maria; Zographos, Spyros E

2017-01-01

Anopheles gambiae Odorant Binding Protein 1 in complex with the most widely used insect repellent DEET, was the first reported crystal structure of an olfactory macromolecule with a repellent, and paved the way for OBP1-structure-based approaches for discovery of new host-seeking disruptors. In this work, we performed STD-NMR experiments to directly monitor and verify the formation of a complex between AgamOBP1 and Icaridin, an efficient DEET alternative. Furthermore, Isothermal Titration Calorimetry experiments provided evidence for two Icaridin-binding sites with different affinities (Kd = 0.034 and 0.714 mM) and thermodynamic profiles of ligand binding. To elucidate the binding mode of Icaridin, the crystal structure of AgamOBP1•Icaridin complex was determined at 1.75 Å resolution. We found that Icaridin binds to the DEET-binding site in two distinct orientations and also to a novel binding site located at the C-terminal region. Importantly, only the most active 1R,2S-isomer of Icaridin's equimolar diastereoisomeric mixture binds to the AgamOBP1 crystal, providing structural evidence for the possible contribution of OBP1 to the stereoselectivity of Icaridin perception in mosquitoes. Structural analysis revealed two ensembles of conformations differing mainly in spatial arrangement of their sec-butyl moieties. Moreover, structural comparison with DEET indicates a common recognition mechanism for these structurally related repellents. Ligand interactions with both sites and binding modes were further confirmed by 2D 1 H- 15 N HSQC NMR spectroscopy. The identification of a novel repellent-binding site in AgamOBP1 and the observed structural conservation and stereoselectivity of its DEET/Icaridin-binding sites open new perspectives for the OBP1-structure-based discovery of next-generation insect repellents.

Track and mode controller (TMC): a software executive for a high-altitude pointing and tracking experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Michnovicz, Michael R.

1997-06-01

A real-time executive has been implemented to control a high altitude pointing and tracking experiment. The track and mode controller (TMC) implements a table driven design, in which the track mode logic for a tracking mission is defined within a state transition diagram (STD). THe STD is implemented as a state transition table in the TMC software. Status Events trigger the state transitions in the STD. Each state, as it is entered, causes a number of processes to be activated within the system. As these processes propagate through the system, the status of key processes are monitored by the TMC, allowing further transitions within the STD. This architecture is implemented in real-time, using the vxWorks operating system. VxWorks message queues allow communication of status events from the Event Monitor task to the STD task. Process commands are propagated to the rest of the system processors by means of the SCRAMNet shared memory network. The system mode logic contained in the STD will autonomously sequence in acquisition, tracking and pointing system through an entire engagement sequence, starting with target detection and ending with aimpoint maintenance. Simulation results and lab test results will be presented to verify the mode controller. In addition to implementing the system mode logic with the STD, the TMC can process prerecorded time sequences of commands required during startup operations. It can also process single commands from the system operator. In this paper, the author presents (1) an overview, in which he describes the TMC architecture, the relationship of an end-to-end simulation to the flight software and the laboratory testing environment, (2) implementation details, including information on the vxWorks message queues and the SCRAMNet shared memory network, (3) simulation results and lab test results which verify the mode controller, and (4) plans for the future, specifically as to how this executive will expedite transition to a fully functional system.

Exposure to Different Types of Violence and Subsequent Sexual Risk Behavior among Female STD Clinic Patients: A Latent Class Analysis

PubMed Central

Walsh, Jennifer L.; Senn, Theresa E.; Carey, Michael P.

2013-01-01

Objective Diverse forms of violence, including childhood maltreatment (CM), intimate partner violence (IPV), and exposure to community violence (ECV), have been linked separately with sexual risk behaviors. However, few studies have explored multiple experiences of violence simultaneously in relation to sexual risk-taking, especially in women who are most vulnerable to violent experiences. Methods Participants were 481 women (66% African American, Mage = 27 years) attending a publicly-funded STD clinic who reported on their past and current experiences with violence and their current sexual risk behavior. We identified patterns of experience with violence using latent class analysis (LCA) and investigated which combinations of experiences were associated with the riskiest sexual outcomes. Results Four classes of women with different experiences of violence were identified: Low Violence (39%), Predominantly ECV (20%), Predominantly CM (23%), and Multiply Victimized (18%). Women in the Multiply Victimized and Predominantly ECV classes reported the highest levels of sexual risk behavior, including more lifetime sexual partners and a greater likelihood of receiving STD treatment and using substances before sex. Conclusions Women with different patterns of violent experiences differed in their sexual risk behavior. Interventions to reduce sexual risk should address violence against women, focusing on experiences with multiple types of violence and experiences specifically with ECV. Additional research is needed to determine the best ways to address violence in sexual risk reduction interventions. PMID:23626921

School-Based HIV/STD Testing Behaviors and Motivations among Black and Hispanic Teen MSM: Results from a Formative Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Elana; Topete, Pablo; Rasberry, Catherine N.; Lesesne, Catherine A.; Kroupa, Elizabeth; Carver, Lisa

2016-01-01

Background: This evaluation explores experiences with, and motivations for, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing among black and Hispanic school-aged young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Methods: Participants were recruited at community-based organizations that serve YMSM in New York City,…

The Development of a Materials Distribution Service for a Satellite-Based Educational Telecommunications Experiment. Satellite Technology Demonstration, Technical Report No. 0501.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lonsdale, Helen C.

Because 16mm film programs for classroom use are expensive and distribution is unpredictable, the Satellite Technology Demonstration (STD) established a Materials Distribution Service (MDS) to transmit material via satellite to rural sites in the Rocky Mountains. The STD leased 300 programs from Encyclopedia Britannica Educational Corporation and…

The Development of a Field Services Network for a Satellite-Based Educational Telecommunications Experiment. Satellite Technology Demonstration, Technical Report No. 0333.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Frank; And Others

The Satellite Technology Demonstration (STD) of the Federation of Rocky Mountain States (FRMS) employed a technical delivery system to merge effectively hardware and software, products and services. It also needed a nontechnical component to insure product and service acceptance. Accordingly, the STD's Utilization Component was responsible for…

Photoreactive “Nanorulers” Detect a Novel Conformation of Full length HDAC3-SMRT Complex in Solution

PubMed Central

Abdelkarim, Hazem; Brunsteiner, Michael; Neelarapu, Raghupathi; Bai, He; Madriaga, Antonett; van Breemen, Richard B.; Blond, Sylvie Y.; Gaponenko, Vadim; Petukhov, Pavel A.

2013-01-01

Histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) is a promising epigenetic drug target for multiple therapeutic applications. Direct interaction between the Deacetylase Activating Domain of the silencing mediator for retinoid or thyroid hormone receptors (SMRT-DAD) is required for activation of enzymatic activity of HDAC3. The structure of this complex and the nature of interactions with HDAC inhibitors in solution are unknown. Using novel photoreactive HDAC probes – “nanorulers”, we determined the distance between the catalytic site of the full-length HDAC3 and SMRT-DAD in solution at physiologically relevant conditions and found it to be substantially different from that predicted by the X-ray model with a Δ379-428aa truncated HDAC3. Further experiments indicated that in solution this distance might change in response to chemical stimuli, while the enzymatic activity remained unaffected. These observations were further validated by Saturation Transfer Difference (STD) NMR experiments. We propose that the observed changes in the distance are an important part of the histone code that remains to be explored. Mapping direct interactions and distances between macromolecules with such “nanorulers” as a function of cellular events facilitates better understanding of basic biology and ways for its manipulation in cell and tissue specific manner. PMID:24010878

Sexually Transmitted Disease Program Evolution in Response to Changes in the Public Health Environment: A Massachusetts Example.

PubMed

Carter, Marion W; Hsu, Katherine K; Loosier, Penny S; Maddox, Brandy L Peterson; Doshi, Sonal R; Kroeger, Karen; Cranston, Kevin

2016-11-01

In 2008, the line item supporting sexually transmitted disease (STD) services in the Massachusetts state budget was cut as a result of budget shortfalls. Shortly thereafter, direct provision of STD clinical services supported by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (MDPH) was suspended. Massachusetts Department of Public Health requested an initial assessment of its internal response and impact in 2010. A follow-up assessment occurred in September 2013. In 2010 and 2013, 39 and 46 staff, respectively, from MDPH and from clinical partner agencies, were interviewed about changes in the role of the MDPH, partnerships, STD services, challenges, and recommendations. Interview notes were summarized, analyzed, and synthesized by coauthors using qualitative analysis techniques and NVivo software. The withdrawal of state funding for STD services, and the subsequent reduction in clinical service hours, erected numerous barriers for Disease Intervention Specialists (DIS) seeking to ensure timely STD treatment for index cases and their partners. After initial instability, MDPH operations stabilized due partly to strong management, new staff, and intensified integration with human immunodeficiency virus services. Existing contracts with human immunodeficiency virus providers were leveraged to support alternative STD testing and care sites. Massachusetts Department of Public Health strengthened its clinical and epidemiologic expertise. The DIS expanded their scope of work and were outposted to select new sites. Challenges remained, however, such as a shortage of DIS staff to meet the needs. Although unique in many ways, MA offers experiences and lessons for how a state STD program can adapt to a changing public health context.

From in vivo to in vitro: How the Guatemala STD Experiments Transformed Bodies Into Biospecimens.

PubMed

Spector-Bagdady, Kayte; Lombardo, Paul A

2018-06-01

Policy Points: While most scholarship regarding the US Public Health Service's STD experiments in Guatemala during the 1940s has focused on the intentional exposure experiments, secondary research was also conducted on biospecimens collected from these subjects. These biospecimen experiments continued after the Guatemala grant ended, and the specimens were used in conjunction with those from the Tuskegee syphilis experiments for ongoing research. We argue there should be a public accounting of whether there are still biospecimens from the Guatemala and Tuskegee experiments held in US government biorepositories today. If such specimens exist, they should be retired from US government research archives because they were collected unethically as understood at the time. The US Public Health Service's Guatemala STD experiments (1946-1948) included intentional exposure to pathogens and testing of postexposure prophylaxis methods for syphilis, gonorrhea, and chancroid in over 1,300 soldiers, commercial sex workers, prison inmates, and psychiatric patients. Though the experiments had officially ended, the biospecimens collected from these subjects continued to be used for research at least into the 1950s. We analyzed historical documents-including clinical and laboratory records, correspondence, final reports, and medical records-for information relevant to these biospecimen experiments from the US National Archives. In addition, we researched material from past governmental investigations into the Guatemala STD experiments, including those of the US Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues and the Guatemalan Comisión Presidencial para el Esclarecimiento de los Experimentos Practicados con Humanos en Guatemala. Identified spinal fluid, blood specimens, and tissue collected during the Guatemala diagnostic methodology and intentional exposure experiments were subsequently distributed to laboratories throughout the United States for use in ongoing research until at least 1957. Five psychiatric patient subjects involved in these biospecimen experiments died soon after experimental exposure to STDs. The same US government researchers working with the Guatemala biospecimens after the exposure experiments ended were also working with specimens taken from the Tuskegee syphilis study. There should be a complete public accounting of whether biospecimens from the Guatemala and Tuskegee experiments are held in US government biorepositories today. If they still exist, these specimens should be retired from such biorepositories and their future disposition determined by stakeholders, including representatives from the communities from which they were derived. © 2018 Milbank Memorial Fund.

A CLINICAL AND BEHAVIOURAL STUDY OF HIV INFECTED SUBJECTS-A COMPARISON WITH STD SUBJECTS

PubMed Central

Rao, A. Venkoba; Swaminathan, R.; Venkataram, M.K.; Ramajayam, S.; Parhee, Rashmi; Kumar, Narendra; Luthra, Usha K.

1991-01-01

SUMMARY Eightyfive HIV seropositive subjects (M: 42;F:43) were compared with an equal number STD subjects negative for HIV. They formed 1.6% of the total number (N =5287) screened in the STD OP. Heterosexual transmission was predominant. A significantly higher promiscuity and a larger number of sex partners and contacts were observed in the female but not the male HIV subjects. The ages at first coital experience were similar in both the groups. There was no difference in the occurrence of either STDs or psychiatric illness at index examination between the two groups. The symptom profile of psychiatric illness in the HIV subjects did not differ from that of the controls. The HIV subjects had more of physical diagnoses than the controls. The psychological responses to the ‘disclosure’ of seropositivity were noted. The closeness of HIV and STD groups on many factors and its implication for management and health education are commented upon. PMID:21897463

2012 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance

MedlinePlus

... Data Appendix Tables A1 - A4 STD Surveillance Case Definitions Contributors Related Links STD Home STD Data & Statistics NCHHSTP Atlas Interactive STD Data - 1996-2013 STD Health Equity HIV/AIDS Surveillance & Statistics Follow STD STD on Twitter STD on Facebook File Formats Help: How do I view different ...

Collaborative development for setup, execution, sharing and analytics of complex NMR experiments.

PubMed

Irvine, Alistair G; Slynko, Vadim; Nikolaev, Yaroslav; Senthamarai, Russell R P; Pervushin, Konstantin

2014-02-01

Factory settings of NMR pulse sequences are rarely ideal for every scenario in which they are utilised. The optimisation of NMR experiments has for many years been performed locally, with implementations often specific to an individual spectrometer. Furthermore, these optimised experiments are normally retained solely for the use of an individual laboratory, spectrometer or even single user. Here we introduce a web-based service that provides a database for the deposition, annotation and optimisation of NMR experiments. The application uses a Wiki environment to enable the collaborative development of pulse sequences. It also provides a flexible mechanism to automatically generate NMR experiments from deposited sequences. Multidimensional NMR experiments of proteins and other macromolecules consume significant resources, in terms of both spectrometer time and effort required to analyse the results. Systematic analysis of simulated experiments can enable optimal allocation of NMR resources for structural analysis of proteins. Our web-based application (http://nmrplus.org) provides all the necessary information, includes the auxiliaries (waveforms, decoupling sequences etc.), for analysis of experiments by accurate numerical simulation of multidimensional NMR experiments. The online database of the NMR experiments, together with a systematic evaluation of their sensitivity, provides a framework for selection of the most efficient pulse sequences. The development of such a framework provides a basis for the collaborative optimisation of pulse sequences by the NMR community, with the benefits of this collective effort being available to the whole community. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The STD/MHD codes - Comparison of analyses with experiments at AEDC/HPDE, Reynolds Metal Co., and Hercules, Inc. [for MHD generator flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vetter, A. A.; Maxwell, C. D.; Swean, T. F., Jr.; Demetriades, S. T.; Oliver, D. A.; Bangerter, C. D.

1981-01-01

Data from sufficiently well-instrumented, short-duration experiments at AEDC/HPDE, Reynolds Metal Co., and Hercules, Inc., are compared to analyses with multidimensional and time-dependent simulations with the STD/MHD computer codes. These analyses reveal detailed features of major transient events, severe loss mechanisms, and anomalous MHD behavior. In particular, these analyses predicted higher-than-design voltage drops, Hall voltage overshoots, and asymmetric voltage drops before the experimental data were available. The predictions obtained with these analyses are in excellent agreement with the experimental data and the failure predictions are consistent with the experiments. The design of large, high-interaction or advanced MHD experiments will require application of sophisticated, detailed and comprehensive computational procedures in order to account for the critical mechanisms which led to the observed behavior in these experiments.

Relationships between perceived STD-related stigma, STD-related shame and STD screening among a household sample of adolescents.

PubMed

Cunningham, Shayna D; Kerrigan, Deanna L; Jennings, Jacky M; Ellen, Jonathan M

2009-12-01

Important barriers to STD testing may include individuals' perceptions of STD-related stigma (negative societal attitudes toward STD infection) and expectations of STD-related shame (negative personal feelings) that would result from a positive STD test. Obtaining a clear understanding of the relationship between STD-related stigma, STD-related shame and STD testing may help inform programs and policies aimed at reducing STD transmission. Measures derived from previously published scales were used to assess perceived STD-related stigma, anticipated STD-related shame and receipt of an STD test in the past year in an urban, household sample of 594 sexually active 15-24-year-olds interviewed in 2004-2007. Logistic regression was used to examine associations between recent STD testing and perceived stigma, shame and other participant characteristics. Thirty-seven percent of males and 70% of females reporting having had an STD test in the past year; the largest proportions of tests (42% among males and 59% among females) had occurred in the context of a routine health care visit, not because adolescents had had disease symptoms or were concerned about exposure to infection. For both males and females, the level of STD-related stigma was negatively associated with the odds of having been tested (odds ratio, 0.5 for each). STD-related shame was not related to STD testing. Adolescents who view STDs as stigmatizing have a reduced likelihood of being screened, but it is unclear whether this relationship reflects their care seeking or providers' practice of offering STD screening at a routine health visit.

Nanoparticles and Ocean Optics

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-30

ANSI Std Z39-18 control infection by the dilution process. Subsequent dilution experiments used eukaryotic hosts ( Emiliania huxleyi) and its...Results of dilution experiment with Emiliania huxleyi (strain 88E) and its virus. In this experiment, infection rate is controlled by the dilution

Galectin-1-asialofetuin interaction is inhibited by peptides containing the tyr-xxx-tyr motif acting on the glycoprotein.

PubMed

Wéber, Edit; Hetényi, Anasztázia; Váczi, Balázs; Szolnoki, Eva; Fajka-Boja, Roberta; Tubak, Vilmos; Monostori, Eva; Martinek, Tamás A

2010-01-25

Galectin-1 (Gal-1), a ubiquitous beta-galactoside-binding protein expressed by various normal and pathological tissues, has been implicated in cancer and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases in consequence of its regulatory role in adhesion, cell viability, proliferation, and angiogenesis. The functions of Gal-1 depend on its affinity for beta-galactoside-containing glycoconjugates; accordingly, the inhibition of sugar binding blocks its functions, hence promising potential therapeutic tools. The Tyr-Xxx-Tyr peptide motifs have been reported to be glycomimetic sequences, mainly on the basis of their inhibitory effect on the Gal-1-asialofetuin (ASF) interaction. However, the results regarding the efficacy of the Tyr-Xxx-Tyr motif as a glycomimetic inhibitor are still controversial. The present STD and trNOE NMR experiments reveal that the Tyr-Xxx-Tyr peptides studied do not bind to Gal-1, whereas their binding to ASF is clearly detected. (15)N,(1)H HSQC titrations with (15)N-labeled Gal-1 confirm the absence of any peptide-Gal-1 interaction. These data indicate that the Tyr-Xxx-Tyr peptides tested in this work are not glycomimetics as they interact with ASF via an unrevealed molecular linkage.

Development of Pyrazolone and Isoxazol-5-one Cambinol Analogues as Sirtuin Inhibitors

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Sirtuins are a family of NAD+-dependent protein deacetylases that play critical roles in epigenetic regulation, stress responses, and cellular aging in eukaryotic cells. In an effort to identify small molecule inhibitors of sirtuins for potential use as chemotherapeutics as well as tools to modulate sirtuin activity, we previously identified a nonselective sirtuin inhibitor called cambinol (IC50 ≈ 50 μM for SIRT1 and SIRT2) with in vitro and in vivo antilymphoma activity. In the current study, we used saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments with recombinant SIRT1 and 20 to map parts of the inhibitor that interacted with the protein. Our ongoing efforts to optimize cambinol analogues for potency and selectivity have resulted in the identification of isoform selective analogues: 17 with >7.8-fold selectivity for SIRT1, 24 with >15.4-fold selectivity for SIRT2, and 8 with 6.8- and 5.3-fold selectivity for SIRT3 versus SIRT1 and SIRT2, respectively. In vitro cytotoxicity studies with these compounds as well as EX527, a potent and selective SIRT1 inhibitor, suggest that antilymphoma activity of this compound class may be predominantly due to SIRT2 inhibition. PMID:24697269

Application of IUS equipment and experience to orbit transfer vehicles of the 90's

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bangsund, E.; Keeney, J.; Cowgill, E.

1985-10-01

This paper relates experiences with the IUS program and the application of that experience to Future Orbit Transfer Vehicles. More specifically it includes the implementation of the U.S. Air Force Space Division high reliability parts standard (SMASO STD 73-2C) and the component/system test standard (MIL-STD-1540A). Test results from the parts and component level testing and the resulting system level test program for fourteen IUS flight vehicles are discussed. The IUS program has had the highest compliance with these standards and thus offers a benchmark of experience for future programs demanding extreme reliability. In summary, application of the stringent parts standard has resulted in fewer failures during testing and the stringent test standard has eliminated design problems in the hardware. Both have been expensive in costs and schedules, and should be applied with flexibility.

Crosstalk between virulence loci: regulation of Salmonella enterica pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1) by products of the std fimbrial operon.

PubMed

López-Garrido, Javier; Casadesús, Josep

2012-01-01

Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells is a critical step in Salmonella infection and requires the expression of genes located in Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI-1). A key factor for SPI-1 expression is DNA adenine (Dam) methylation, which activates synthesis of the SPI-1 transcriptional activator HilD. Dam-dependent regulation of hilD is postranscriptional (and therefore indirect), indicating the involvement of unknown cell functions under Dam methylation control. A genetic screen has identified the std fimbrial operon as the missing link between Dam methylation and SPI-1. We show that all genes in the std operon are part of a single transcriptional unit, and describe three previously uncharacterized ORFs (renamed stdD, stdE, and stdF). We present evidence that two such loci (stdE and stdF) are involved in Dam-dependent control of Salmonella SPI-1: in a Dam(-) background, deletion of stdE or stdF suppresses SPI-1 repression; in a Dam(+) background, constitutive expression of StdE and/or StdF represses SPI-1. Repression of SPI-1 by products of std operon explains the invasion defect of Salmonella Dam(-) mutants, which constitutively express the std operon. Dam-dependent repression of std in the ileum may be required to permit invasion, as indicated by two observations: constitutive expression of StdE and StdF reduces invasion of epithelial cells in vitro (1,000 fold) and attenuates Salmonella virulence in the mouse model (>60 fold). In turn, crosstalk between std and SPI-1 may play a role in intestinal infections by preventing expression of SPI-1 in the caecum, an intestinal compartment in which the std operon is known to be expressed.

Brief sexual histories and routine HIV/STD testing by medical providers.

PubMed

Lanier, Yzette; Castellanos, Ted; Barrow, Roxanne Y; Jordan, Wilbert C; Caine, Virginia; Sutton, Madeline Y

2014-03-01

Clinicians who routinely take patient sexual histories have the opportunity to assess patient risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and make appropriate recommendations for routine HIV/STD screenings. However, less than 40% of providers conduct sexual histories with patients, and many do not receive formal sexual history training in school. After partnering with a national professional organization of physicians, we trained 26 (US and US territory-based) practicing physicians (58% female; median age=48 years) regarding sexual history taking using both in-person and webinar methods. Trainings occurred during either a 6-h onsite or 2-h webinar session. We evaluated their post-training experiences integrating sexual histories during routine medical visits. We assessed use of sexual histories and routine HIV/STD screenings. All participating physicians reported improved sexual history taking and increases in documented sexual histories and routine HIV/STD screenings. Four themes emerged from the qualitative evaluations: (1) the need for more sexual history training; (2) the importance of providing a gender-neutral sexual history tool; (3) the existence of barriers to routine sexual histories/testing; and (4) unintended benefits for providers who were conducting routine sexual histories. These findings were used to develop a brief, gender-neutral sexual history tool for clinical use. This pilot evaluation demonstrates that providers were willing to utilize a sexual history tool in clinical practice in support of HIV/STD prevention efforts.

Fourier Analysis and Structure Determination. Part II: Pulse NMR and NMR Imaging.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chesick, John P.

1989-01-01

Uses simple pulse NMR experiments to discuss Fourier transforms. Studies the generation of spin echoes used in the imaging procedure. Shows that pulse NMR experiments give signals that are additions of sinusoids of differing amplitudes, frequencies, and phases. (MVL)

Experimental Aspects of Polarization Optimized Experiments (POE) for Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR of Microcrystalline and Membrane-Bound Proteins.

PubMed

Gopinath, T; Veglia, Gianluigi

2018-01-01

Conventional NMR pulse sequences record one spectrum per experiment, while spending most of the time waiting for the spin system to return to the equilibrium. As a result, a full set of multidimensional NMR experiments for biological macromolecules may take up to several months to complete. Here, we present a practical guide for setting up a new class of MAS solid-state NMR experiments (POE or polarization optimized experiments) that enable the simultaneous acquisition of multiple spectra of proteins, accelerating data acquisition. POE exploit the long-lived 15 N polarization of isotopically labeled proteins and enable one to obtain up to eight spectra, by concatenating classical NMR pulse sequences. This new strategy propels data throughput of solid-state NMR spectroscopy of fibers, microcrystalline preparations, as well as membrane proteins.

Continuing Need for Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics After the Affordable Care Act.

PubMed

Hoover, Karen W; Parsell, Bradley W; Leichliter, Jami S; Habel, Melissa A; Tao, Guoyu; Pearson, William S; Gift, Thomas L

2015-11-01

We assessed the characteristics of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients, their reasons for seeking health services in STD clinics, and their access to health care in other venues. In 2013, we surveyed persons who used publicly funded STD clinics in 21 US cities with the highest STD morbidity. Of the 4364 STD clinic patients we surveyed, 58.5% were younger than 30 years, 72.5% were non-White, and 49.9% were uninsured. They visited the clinic for STD symptoms (18.9%), STD screening (33.8%), and HIV testing (13.6%). Patients chose STD clinics because of walk-in, same-day appointments (49.5%), low cost (23.9%), and expert care (8.3%). Among STD clinic patients, 60.4% had access to another type of venue for sick care, and 58.5% had access to another type of venue for preventive care. Most insured patients (51.6%) were willing to use insurance to pay for care at the STD clinic. Despite access to other health care settings, patients chose STD clinics for sexual health care because of convenient, low-cost, and expert care. Policy Implication. STD clinics play an important role in STD prevention by offering walk-in care to uninsured patients.

Comparability on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors between STD clinic clients and high-risk individuals in community.

PubMed

Du, Ping; Thomas, Rosalind; McNutt, Louise-Anne; Bruce Coles, F

2008-01-01

To assess the feasibility and generalizability of STD clinic samples for studying STD-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors (KAB), and healthcare preferences among individuals at high risk for STDs in the same community. An STD clinic and a community sample were selected from each of two urban areas in New York State. At each STD clinic, 100 individuals were interviewed. In each community, about 400 individuals were selected by random-digit-dialing telephone survey during the same period. Community sample participants were defined as having high-risk profiles on the basis of five items related to their sexual behaviors. The STD clinic samples were younger and had a larger proportion of men and nonwhite people compared with the high-risk community samples. Although the majority of STD clinic clients would seek healthcare at the STD clinics, high-risk community participants were more likely to prefer private doctors for STDs care (P < .0001 for both areas). Overall STD-related KAB were similar between STD clinic and high-risk community samples; however, STD clinic clients may be more knowledgeable about specific STDs and more likely to feel embarrassment about getting an STD. The findings comparing KAB between high-risk community subjects and STD clinic attendees also varied by geographic location. STD clinic samples may not be sufficiently representative of community STD-related KAB collected by telephone surveys, even for that subset of community respondents with high-risk behaviors associated with STDs.

Regulation of the Salmonella enterica std fimbrial operon by DNA adenine methylation, SeqA, and HdfR.

PubMed

Jakomin, Marcello; Chessa, Daniela; Bäumler, Andreas J; Casadesús, Josep

2008-11-01

DNA adenine methylase (dam) mutants of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grown under laboratory conditions express the std fimbrial operon, which is tightly repressed in the wild type. Here, we show that uncontrolled production of Std fimbriae in S. enterica serovar Typhimurium dam mutants contributes to attenuation in mice, as indicated by the observation that an stdA dam strain is more competitive than a dam strain upon oral infection. Dam methylation appears to regulate std transcription, rather than std mRNA stability or turnover. A genetic screen for std regulators showed that the GATC-binding protein SeqA directly or indirectly represses std expression, while the poorly characterized yifA gene product serves as an std activator. YifA encodes a putative LysR-like protein and has been renamed HdfR, like its Escherichia coli homolog. Activation of std expression by HdfR is observed only in dam and seqA backgrounds. These data suggest that HdfR directly or indirectly activates std transcription. Since SeqA is unable to bind nonmethylated DNA, it is possible that std operon derepression in dam and seqA mutants may result from unconstrained HdfR-mediated activation of std transcription. Derepression of std in dam and seqA mutants of S. enterica occurs in only a fraction of the bacterial population, suggesting the occurrence of either bistable expression or phase variation.

Accessible NMR Experiments Studying the Hydrodynamics of [subscript 15]N-Enriched Ubiquitin at Low Fields

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Laura E.; Rovnyak, David

2007-01-01

We have recently developed and implemented two experiments in biomolecular NMR for an undergraduate-level biophysical chemistry laboratory with commercially available [subscript 15]N-enriched human ubiquitin. These experiments take advantage of [subscript 15]N direct detection of the NMR signal. The first experiment develops skills in acquiring…

Accessible NMR Experiments Studying the Hydrodynamics of [superscript 15]N-Enriched Ubiquitin at Low Fields

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Laura E.; Rovnyak, David

2007-01-01

We have recently developed and implemented two experiments in biomolecular NMR for an undergraduate-level biophysical chemistry laboratory with commercially available [superscript 15]N-enriched human ubiquitin. These experiments take advantage of [superscript 15]N direct detection of the NMR signal. The first experiment develops skills in…

An NMR-Guided Screening Method for Selective Fragment Docking and Synthesis of a Warhead Inhibitor.

PubMed

Khattri, Ram B; Morris, Daniel L; Davis, Caroline M; Bilinovich, Stephanie M; Caras, Andrew J; Panzner, Matthew J; Debord, Michael A; Leeper, Thomas C

2016-07-16

Selective hits for the glutaredoxin ortholog of Brucella melitensis are determined using STD NMR and verified by trNOE and (15)N-HSQC titration. The most promising hit, RK207, was docked into the target molecule using a scoring function to compare simulated poses to experimental data. After elucidating possible poses, the hit was further optimized into the lead compound by extension with an electrophilic acrylamide warhead. We believe that focusing on selectivity in this early stage of drug discovery will limit cross-reactivity that might occur with the human ortholog as the lead compound is optimized. Kinetics studies revealed that lead compound 5 modified with an ester group results in higher reactivity than an acrylamide control; however, after modification this compound shows little selectivity for bacterial protein versus the human ortholog. In contrast, hydrolysis of compound 5 to the acid form results in a decrease in the activity of the compound. Together these results suggest that more optimization is warranted for this simple chemical scaffold, and opens the door for discovery of drugs targeted against glutaredoxin proteins-a heretofore untapped reservoir for antibiotic agents.

Continuing Need for Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics After the Affordable Care Act

PubMed Central

Parsell, Bradley W.; Leichliter, Jami S.; Habel, Melissa A.; Tao, Guoyu; Pearson, William S.; Gift, Thomas L.

2015-01-01

Objectives. We assessed the characteristics of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinic patients, their reasons for seeking health services in STD clinics, and their access to health care in other venues. Methods. In 2013, we surveyed persons who used publicly funded STD clinics in 21 US cities with the highest STD morbidity. Results. Of the 4364 STD clinic patients we surveyed, 58.5% were younger than 30 years, 72.5% were non-White, and 49.9% were uninsured. They visited the clinic for STD symptoms (18.9%), STD screening (33.8%), and HIV testing (13.6%). Patients chose STD clinics because of walk-in, same-day appointments (49.5%), low cost (23.9%), and expert care (8.3%). Among STD clinic patients, 60.4% had access to another type of venue for sick care, and 58.5% had access to another type of venue for preventive care. Most insured patients (51.6%) were willing to use insurance to pay for care at the STD clinic. Conclusions. Despite access to other health care settings, patients chose STD clinics for sexual health care because of convenient, low-cost, and expert care. Policy Implication. STD clinics play an important role in STD prevention by offering walk-in care to uninsured patients. PMID:26447908

The binding of TIA-1 to RNA C-rich sequences is driven by its C-terminal RRM domain.

PubMed

Cruz-Gallardo, Isabel; Aroca, Ángeles; Gunzburg, Menachem J; Sivakumaran, Andrew; Yoon, Je-Hyun; Angulo, Jesús; Persson, Cecilia; Gorospe, Myriam; Karlsson, B Göran; Wilce, Jacqueline A; Díaz-Moreno, Irene

2014-01-01

T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) is a key DNA/RNA binding protein that regulates translation by sequestering target mRNAs in stress granules (SG) in response to stress conditions. TIA-1 possesses three RNA recognition motifs (RRM) along with a glutamine-rich domain, with the central domains (RRM2 and RRM3) acting as RNA binding platforms. While the RRM2 domain, which displays high affinity for U-rich RNA sequences, is primarily responsible for interaction with RNA, the contribution of RRM3 to bind RNA as well as the target RNA sequences that it binds preferentially are still unknown. Here we combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques to elucidate the sequence specificity of TIA-1 RRM3. With a novel approach using saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) to quantify protein-nucleic acids interactions, we demonstrate that isolated RRM3 binds to both C- and U-rich stretches with micromolar affinity. In combination with RRM2 and in the context of full-length TIA-1, RRM3 significantly enhanced the binding to RNA, particularly to cytosine-rich RNA oligos, as assessed by biotinylated RNA pull-down analysis. Our findings provide new insight into the role of RRM3 in regulating TIA-1 binding to C-rich stretches, that are abundant at the 5' TOPs (5' terminal oligopyrimidine tracts) of mRNAs whose translation is repressed under stress situations.

The binding of TIA-1 to RNA C-rich sequences is driven by its C-terminal RRM domain

PubMed Central

Cruz-Gallardo, Isabel; Aroca, Ángeles; Gunzburg, Menachem J; Sivakumaran, Andrew; Yoon, Je-Hyun; Angulo, Jesús; Persson, Cecilia; Gorospe, Myriam; Karlsson, B Göran; Wilce, Jacqueline A; Díaz-Moreno, Irene

2014-01-01

T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) is a key DNA/RNA binding protein that regulates translation by sequestering target mRNAs in stress granules (SG) in response to stress conditions. TIA-1 possesses three RNA recognition motifs (RRM) along with a glutamine-rich domain, with the central domains (RRM2 and RRM3) acting as RNA binding platforms. While the RRM2 domain, which displays high affinity for U-rich RNA sequences, is primarily responsible for interaction with RNA, the contribution of RRM3 to bind RNA as well as the target RNA sequences that it binds preferentially are still unknown. Here we combined nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques to elucidate the sequence specificity of TIA-1 RRM3. With a novel approach using saturation transfer difference NMR (STD-NMR) to quantify protein–nucleic acids interactions, we demonstrate that isolated RRM3 binds to both C- and U-rich stretches with micromolar affinity. In combination with RRM2 and in the context of full-length TIA-1, RRM3 significantly enhanced the binding to RNA, particularly to cytosine-rich RNA oligos, as assessed by biotinylated RNA pull-down analysis. Our findings provide new insight into the role of RRM3 in regulating TIA-1 binding to C-rich stretches, that are abundant at the 5′ TOPs (5′ terminal oligopyrimidine tracts) of mRNAs whose translation is repressed under stress situations. PMID:24824036

Show me the money: state contributions toward STD prevention, 2007.

PubMed

Meyerson, Beth E; Gilbert, Lisa K

2010-01-01

The importance of state investment in sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention has been discussed since the mid-1990s; however, little has become known about state public health funding for STD prevention. To establish a baseline understanding of state STD prevention funding, financial data for fiscal year 2007 were gathered by survey of state STD, immunization, laboratory, and hepatitis program directors. Results revealed that on average states funded 25.8 percent of their total STD prevention budgets and invested $0.23 per capita in STD prevention. The percentage of state funding in the total state STD prevention budget ranged from 0 percent to 70.2 percent, and state investment in STD prevention ranged from $0.00 to $1.55 per capita. The direction and expenditure of state STD prevention resources was also examined. This study strengthens the national understanding of what states are doing to fund STD prevention, and it broadens state public health awareness of the overall STD prevention investment at the state level. The inclusion of Medicaid data and expenditure of federal resources by states would strengthen the study and assist longitudinal analyses focused on the impact of investment on epidemiologic indicators.

Development of a software interface for optical disk archival storage for a new life sciences flight experiments computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartram, Peter N.

1989-01-01

The current Life Sciences Laboratory Equipment (LSLE) microcomputer for life sciences experiment data acquisition is now obsolete. Among the weaknesses of the current microcomputer are small memory size, relatively slow analog data sampling rates, and the lack of a bulk data storage device. While life science investigators normally prefer data to be transmitted to Earth as it is taken, this is not always possible. No down-link exists for experiments performed in the Shuttle middeck region. One important aspect of a replacement microcomputer is provision for in-flight storage of experimental data. The Write Once, Read Many (WORM) optical disk was studied because of its high storage density, data integrity, and the availability of a space-qualified unit. In keeping with the goals for a replacement microcomputer based upon commercially available components and standard interfaces, the system studied includes a Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) for interfacing the WORM drive. The system itself is designed around the STD bus, using readily available boards. Configurations examined were: (1) master processor board and slave processor board with the SCSI interface; (2) master processor with SCSI interface; (3) master processor with SCSI and Direct Memory Access (DMA); (4) master processor controlling a separate STD bus SCSI board; and (5) master processor controlling a separate STD bus SCSI board with DMA.

Brief Sexual Histories and Routine HIV/STD Testing by Medical Providers

PubMed Central

Lanier, Yzette; Castellanos, Ted; Barrow, Roxanne Y.; Jordan, Wilbert C.; Caine, Virginia

2014-01-01

Abstract Clinicians who routinely take patient sexual histories have the opportunity to assess patient risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and make appropriate recommendations for routine HIV/STD screenings. However, less than 40% of providers conduct sexual histories with patients, and many do not receive formal sexual history training in school. After partnering with a national professional organization of physicians, we trained 26 (US and US territory-based) practicing physicians (58% female; median age=48 years) regarding sexual history taking using both in-person and webinar methods. Trainings occurred during either a 6-h onsite or 2-h webinar session. We evaluated their post-training experiences integrating sexual histories during routine medical visits. We assessed use of sexual histories and routine HIV/STD screenings. All participating physicians reported improved sexual history taking and increases in documented sexual histories and routine HIV/STD screenings. Four themes emerged from the qualitative evaluations: (1) the need for more sexual history training; (2) the importance of providing a gender-neutral sexual history tool; (3) the existence of barriers to routine sexual histories/testing; and (4) unintended benefits for providers who were conducting routine sexual histories. These findings were used to develop a brief, gender-neutral sexual history tool for clinical use. This pilot evaluation demonstrates that providers were willing to utilize a sexual history tool in clinical practice in support of HIV/STD prevention efforts. PMID:24564387

Determination of Structural Topology of a Membrane Protein in Lipid -Bilayers using Polarization Optimized Experiments (POE) for Static and MAS Solid State NMR Spectroscopy

PubMed Central

Mote, Kaustubh R.; Gopinath, T.; Veglia, Gianluigi

2013-01-01

The low sensitivity inherent to both the static and magic angle spinning techniques of solid-state NMR (ssNMR) spectroscopy has thus far limited the routine application of multidimensional experiments to determine the structure of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers. Here, we demonstrate the advantage of using a recently developed class of experiments, polarization optimized experiments (POE), for both static and MAS spectroscopy to achieve higher sensitivity and substantial time-savings for 2D and 3D experiments. We used sarcolipin, a single pass membrane protein, reconstituted in oriented bicelles (for oriented ssNMR) and multilamellar vesicles (for MAS ssNMR) as a benchmark. The restraints derived by these experiments are then combined into a hybrid energy function to allow simultaneous determination of structure and topology. The resulting structural ensemble converged to a helical conformation with a backbone RMSD ∼ 0.44 Å, a tilt angle of 24° ± 1°, and an azimuthal angle of 55° ± 6°. This work represents a crucial first step toward obtaining high-resolution structures of large membrane proteins using combined multidimensional O-ssNMR and MAS-ssNMR. PMID:23963722

Film annotation system for a space experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Browne, W. R.; Johnson, S. S.

1989-01-01

This microprocessor system was designed to control and annotate a Nikon 35 mm camera for the purpose of obtaining photographs and data at predefined time intervals. The single STD BUSS interface card was designed in such a way as to allow it to be used in either a stand alone application with minimum features or installed in a STD BUSS computer allowing for maximum features. This control system also allows the exposure of twenty eight alpha/numeric characters across the bottom of each photograph. The data contains such information as camera identification, frame count, user defined text, and time to .01 second.

An Inversion Recovery NMR Kinetics Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Travis J.; Kershaw, Allan D.; Li, Vincent; Wu, Xinping

2011-01-01

A convenient laboratory experiment is described in which NMR magnetization transfer by inversion recovery is used to measure the kinetics and thermochemistry of amide bond rotation. The experiment utilizes Varian spectrometers with the VNMRJ 2.3 software, but can be easily adapted to any NMR platform. The procedures and sample data sets in this…

STD testing policies and practices in U.S. city and county jails.

PubMed

Parece, M S; Herrera, G A; Voigt, R F; Middlekauff, S L; Irwin, K L

1999-09-01

Studies have shown that sexually transmitted disease (STD) rates are high in the incarcerated population. However, little is known about STD testing policies or practices in jails. To assess STD testing policies and practices in jails. The Division of STD Prevention developed and distributed an e-mail survey to 94 counties reporting more than 40 primary and secondary cases in 1996 or having cities with more than 200,000 persons. State and local STD program managers completed the assessment in collaboration with health departments and the main jail facilities in the selected counties. Most facilities (52-77%) had a policy for STD screening based only on symptoms or by arrestee request, and in these facilities, 0.2% to 6% of arrestees were tested. Facilities having a policy of offering routine testing tested only 3% to 45% of arrestees. Large facilities, facilities using public providers, and facilities routinely testing for syphilis using Stat RPR tested significantly more arrestees (P<0.05). Approximately half of the arrestees were released within 48 hours after intake, whereas 45% of facilities did not have STD testing results until after 48 hours. Most facilities had a policy for STD screening based only on symptoms or by arrestee request. Facilities having a policy of routine STD testing are not testing most of the arrestees. There is a small window (<48 hours) for STD testing and treatment before release. Smaller jails and facilities using private providers may need additional resources to increase STD testing levels. Correctional facilities should be considered an important setting for STD public health intervention where routine rapid STD screening and treatment on-site could be implemented.

Human Serum Albumin Inhibits Aβ Fibrillization through a “Monomer-Competitor” Mechanism

PubMed Central

Milojevic, Julijana; Raditsis, Annie; Melacini, Giuseppe

2009-01-01

Human serum albumin (HSA) is not only a fatty acid and drug carrier protein, it is also a potent inhibitor of Aβ self-association in plasma. However, the mechanism underlying the inhibition of Aβ fibrillization by HSA is still not fully understood. We therefore investigated the Aβ-HSA system using a combined experimental strategy based on saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR and intrinsic albumin fluorescence experiments on three Aβ peptides with different aggregation propensities (i.e., Aβ(12–28), Aβ(1–40), and Aβ(1–42)). Our data consistently show that albumin selectively binds to cross-β-structured Aβ oligomers as opposed to Aβ monomers. The HSA/Aβ oligomer complexes have KD values in the micromolar to submicromolar range and compete with the further addition of Aβ monomers to the Aβ assemblies, thus inhibiting fibril growth (“monomer competitor” model). Other putative mechanisms, according to which albumin acts as a “monomer stabilizer” or a “dissociation catalyst”, are not supported by our data, thus resolving previous discrepancies in the literature regarding Aβ-HSA interactions. In addition, the model and the experimental approaches proposed here are anticipated to have broad relevance for the characterization of other systems that involve amyloidogenic peptides and oligomerization inhibitors. PMID:19883602

Synthesis and Resolution of the Atropisomeric 1,1'-Bi-2-Naphthol: An Experiment in Organic Synthesis and 2-D NMR Spectroscopy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mak, Kendrew K. W.

2004-01-01

NMR spectroscopy is presented. It is seen that the experiment regarding the synthesis and resolution of 1,1'-Bi-2-naphtol presents a good experiment for teaching organic synthesis and NMR spectroscopy and provides a strategy for obtaining enantiopure compounds from achiral starting materials.

Using an NMR Spectrometer to Do Magnetic Resonance Imaging: An Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Laboratory Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steinmetz, Wayne E.; Maher, M. Cyrus

2007-01-01

A conventional Fourier-transform NMR spectrometer with a triple-axis gradient probe can function as a MRI imager. In this experiment students gain hands-on experience with MRI while they learn about important principles underlying the practice of NMR, such as gradients, multi-dimensional spectroscopy, and relaxation. Students image a biological…

Masculinity, vulnerability and prevention of STD/HIV/AIDS among male adolescents: social representations in a land reform settlement.

PubMed

Arraes, Camila de Oliveira; Palos, Marinésia Aparecida Prado; Barbosa, Maria Alves; Teles, Sheila Araujo; Souza, Márcia Maria de; Matos, Marcos André de

2013-01-01

to analyze the relationship of masculinity, vulnerability and prevention of STD / HIV / AIDS among adolescent males of a land reform settlement in central Brazil. a qualitative study using as precepts the strands of social representations with teenagers between 12 to 24 years. three categories emerged - Perception of vulnerability; Gender and vulnerability; and, Prevention and vulnerability to STD / HIV / AIDS. Adolescents felt invulnerable to sexually transmitted diseases anchored in the social representations in favor of the male hegemony. An ignorance about forms of prevention for STD / HIV / AIDS was demonstrated in their statements. It is believed that institutional projects such as the School Health Program and the Men's Health Care Program constitute essential tools to minimize factors of vulnerability in this population, since the school is recognized as a social facility that promotes socialization of experiences and contributes to the construction of the identity of the adolescent. the social representations of masculinity collaborate for the vulnerable behavior of the adolescents for the acquisition of sexually transmitted diseases. One hopes that this study can contribute to the production of knowledge and technical-scientific improvement of the professionals, especially the nurse, in order to discuss issues related to male sexuality of adolescents in the situation of the land reform settlement.

Enhancing the resolution of 1H and 13C solid-state NMR spectra by reduction of anisotropic bulk magnetic susceptibility broadening.

PubMed

Hanrahan, Michael P; Venkatesh, Amrit; Carnahan, Scott L; Calahan, Julie L; Lubach, Joseph W; Munson, Eric J; Rossini, Aaron J

2017-10-25

We demonstrate that natural isotopic abundance 2D heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) solid-state NMR spectra can be used to significantly reduce or eliminate the broadening of 1 H and 13 C solid-state NMR spectra of organic solids due to anisotropic bulk magnetic susceptibility (ABMS). ABMS often manifests in solids with aromatic groups, such as active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), and inhomogeneously broadens the NMR peaks of all nuclei in the sample. Inhomogeneous peaks with full widths at half maximum (FWHM) of ∼1 ppm typically result from ABMS broadening and the low spectral resolution impedes the analysis of solid-state NMR spectra. ABMS broadening of solid-state NMR spectra has previously been eliminated using 2D multiple-quantum correlation experiments, or by performing NMR experiments on diluted materials or single crystals. However, these experiments are often infeasible due to their poor sensitivity and/or provide limited gains in resolution. 2D 1 H- 13 C HETCOR experiments have previously been applied to reduce susceptibility broadening in paramagnetic solids and we show that this strategy can significantly reduce ABMS broadening in diamagnetic organic solids. Comparisons of 1D solid-state NMR spectra and 1 H and 13 C solid-state NMR spectra obtained from 2D 1 H- 13 C HETCOR NMR spectra show that the HETCOR spectrum directly increases resolution by a factor of 1.5 to 8. The direct gain in resolution is determined by the ratio of the inhomogeneous 13 C/ 1 H linewidth to the homogeneous 1 H linewidth, with the former depending on the magnitude of the ABMS broadening and the strength of the applied field and the latter on the efficiency of homonuclear decoupling. The direct gains in resolution obtained using the 2D HETCOR experiments are better than that obtained by dilution. For solids with long proton longitudinal relaxation times, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was applied to enhance sensitivity and enable the acquisition of 2D 1 H- 13 C HETCOR NMR spectra. 2D 1 H- 13 C HETCOR experiments were applied to resolve and partially assign the NMR signals of the form I and form II polymorphs of aspirin in a sample containing both forms. These findings have important implications for ultra-high field NMR experiments, optimization of decoupling schemes and assessment of the fundamental limits on the resolution of solid-state NMR spectra.

By activating Fas/ceramide synthase 6/p38 kinase in lipid rafts, Stichoposide D inhibits growth of leukemia xenografts

PubMed Central

Yun, Seong-Hoon; Park, Eun-Seon; Shin, Sung-Won; Ju, Mi-Ha; Han, Jin-Yeong; Jeong, Jin-Sook; Kim, Sung-Hyun; Stonik, Valentin A.; Kwak, Jong-Young; Park, Joo-In

2015-01-01

Stichoposide D (STD) is a marine triterpene glycoside isolated from sea cucumbers. We examined the molecular mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of STD in human leukemia cells. The role of Fas (CD95), ceramide synthase 6 (CerS6) and p38 kinase during STD-induced apoptosis was examined in human leukemia cells. In addition, the antitumor effects of STD in K562 and HL-60 leukemia xenograft models were investigated. We found that STD induces Fas translocation to lipid rafts, and thus mediates cell apoptosis. We also observed the activation of CerS6 and p38 kinase during STD-induced apoptosis. The use of methyl-β-cyclodextrin and nystatin to disrupt lipid rafts prevents the clustering of Fas and the activation of CerS6 and p38 kinase, and also inhibits STD-induced apoptosis. Specific inhibition by Fas, CerS6, and p38 kinase siRNA transfection partially blocked STD-induced apoptosis. In addition, STD has antitumor activity through the activation of CerS6 and p38 kinase without displaying any toxicity in HL-60 and K562 xenograft models. We observed that the anti-tumor effect of STD is partially prevented in CerS6 shRNA-silenced xenograft models. We first report that Fas/CerS6/p38 kinase activation in lipid rafts by STD is involved in its anti-leukemic activity. We also established that STD is able to enhance the chemosensitivity of K562 cells to etoposide or Ara-C. These data suggest that STD may be used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents to treat leukemia. PMID:26318294

Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance, 2014: Syphilis

MedlinePlus

... 2014 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Table of Contents Introductory Section Foreword Preface Acronyms Figures- National Profile Figures – ... GISP Profiles Related Links STD Home STD Data & Statistics NCHHSTP Atlas Interactive STD Data – 1996-2013 STD ...

2012 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance, Other Sexually Transmitted Diseases

MedlinePlus

... 2012 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Surveillance Table of Contents Introductory Section Foreword Preface Acronyms Figures- National Profile Figures - ... GISP Profiles Related Links STD Home STD Data & Statistics NCHHSTP Atlas Interactive STD Data - 1996-2013 STD ...

A Solid-State NMR Experiment: Analysis of Local Structural Environments in Phosphate Glasses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Stanley E.; Saiki, David; Eckert, Hellmut; Meise-Gresch, Karin

2004-01-01

An experiment that can be used to directly study the local chemical environments of phosphorus in solid amorphous materials is demonstrated. The experiment aims at familiarizing the students of chemistry with the principles of solid-state NMR, by having them synthesize a simple phosphate glass, and making them observe the (super 31)P NMR spectrum,…

[Anonymous STD counselling versus mandatory checks for prostitutes--what is effective in STD prevention?].

PubMed

Nitschke, H; Ludwig-Diouf, B; Knappik, A; Leidel, J

2006-11-01

When in 2001 in Germany the new act for control of infectious diseases came into force, mandatory checks for prostitutes were abolished. The consequences of this paradigm shift in STD prevention are being judged controversially even today. The public health department of the city of Cologne, like others, adapted its programme, staff, equipment, and diagnostic procedures to the new requirements. The department for venereal disease control was converted into a walk-in-clinic for STD and now forms part of a comprehensive STD and Aids prevention unit. The present article illustrates the changes by comparing the clients and the STD numbers of the years 1994 and 2004. The following data were compared: number of consultations, number of clients regarding sex, occupation in sex business, health insurance, national or ethnic background, frequency of consultation, number of STD. In 1994, almost all clients of the department for venereal disease control were female prostitutes. 74% of them worked in established sex business venues with a high grade of professionalism, few STD cases were diagnosed. In 2004, the STD clinic was open for anybody considered to be at risk and not having access to the regular health care system. Only 49% of the patients were prostitutes, either female or male. 25% of the clients were male. 68% of the patients were migrants, many of them without any legal status and without any access to regular health care. A high number of acute STD and subsequent disorders that required treatment was registered. Besides the STD-related services, a great need for gynaecological and urological differential diagnostics as well as a high demand for counselling and provision of other problems of sexual health were observed. The data show that an STD department providing comprehensive services anonymously and free of charge will reach a broader range of highly vulnerable persons in comparison with an obligatory VD check of prostitutes. The high numbers of STD and STD-related disorders demonstrate the improved effectiveness of the new service.

Sexonomics: a commentary and review of selected sexually transmitted disease studies in the economics literature.

PubMed

Chesson, Harrell W

2012-03-01

The purpose of this review is to highlight selected studies in the economics literature that address sexually transmitted disease (STD)-related topics that are typically not examined in the STD literature. Two databases (EconLit and Web of Science) were searched to locate STD-related articles in the economics journals. Relevant articles were also identified in other ways, such as informal discussions with colleagues familiar with the literature. To maintain a focus on unique STD-related topics, studies with topics common in the STD literature (e.g., cost-effectiveness, transmission modeling) were excluded. Selected STD-related studies in the economics literature were grouped into the following 8 topics: impact of abortion laws and policies on sexual health outcomes; same-sex marriage and syphilis rates; alcohol policy and STD rates; welfare laws and STD rates; discounting the future; HIV disclosure laws; the impact of tolerance for gays on HIV incidence; and economic versus epidemiologic models of HIV dynamics. A general theme of STD-related studies in the economics literature is that laws and policies that increased the "cost" of risky sex tended to reduce the demand for risky sex, and therefore reduce the incidence of STDs. Economic research can contribute in novel ways to our understanding of influences on risky sexual behavior at the individual level and STD incidence at the population level. Economists and STD experts could mutually benefit from increased collaboration.

U.S. EPA High-Field NMR Facility with Remote Accessibility

EPA Science Inventory

EPA’s High-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Research Facility housed in Athens, GA has two Varian 600 MHz NMR spectrometers used for conducting sophisticated experiments in environmental science. Off-site users can ship their samples and perform their NMR experiments remotely fr...

HIV Services Provided by STD Programs in State and Local Health Departments - United States, 2013-2014.

PubMed

Cuffe, Kendra M; Esie, Precious; Leichliter, Jami S; Gift, Thomas L

2017-04-07

The incidence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in the United States is higher among persons with other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), and the incidence of other STDs is increased among persons with HIV infection (1). Because infection with an STD increases the risk for HIV acquisition and transmission (1-4), successfully treating STDs might help reduce the spread of HIV among persons at high risk (1-4). Because health department STD programs provide services to populations who are at risk for HIV, ensuring service integration and coordination could potentially reduce the incidence of STDs and HIV. Program integration refers to the combining of STD and HIV prevention programs through structural, service, or policy-related changes such as combining funding streams, performing STD and HIV case matching, or integrating staff members (5). Some STD programs in U.S. health departments are partially or fully integrated with an HIV program (STD/HIV program), whereas other STD programs are completely separate. To assess the extent of provision of HIV services by state and local health department STD programs, CDC analyzed data from a sample of 311 local health departments and 56 state and directly funded city health departments derived from a national survey of STD programs. CDC found variation in the provision of HIV services by STD programs at the state and local levels. Overall, 73.1% of state health departments and 16.1% of local health departments matched STD case report data with HIV data to analyze possible syndemics (co-occurring epidemics that exacerbate the negative health effects of any of the diseases) and overlaps. Similarly, 94.1% of state health departments and 46.7% of local health departments performed site visits to HIV care providers to provide STD information or public health updates. One fourth of state health departments and 39.4% of local health departments provided HIV testing in nonclinical settings (field testing) for STD contacts, and all of these programs linked HIV cases to care. STD programs are providing some HIV services; however, delivery of certain specific services could be improved.

Novel dimeric metabolites from Alternaria tagetica.

PubMed

Gamboa-Angulo, M M; Alejos-González, F; Escalante-Erosa, F; García-Sosa, K; Delgado-Lamas, G; Peña-Rodríguez, L M

2000-08-01

Two novel polyketides, bis-7-O-8' '.8-O-7' '- and bis-7-O-7' '. 8-O-8' '-zinniol (2 and 3, respectively) were isolated from the organic crude extract of culture filtrates from Alternaria tagetica. Both structures were determined on the basis of their spectroscopic data (IR, MS, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, and 2D NMR experiments) and confirmed by chemical synthesis. Zinniol (1) was isolated as a major component, and its (13)C NMR data was correctly assigned after careful analysis of data from its 2D NMR experiments (HMQC and HMBC).

Correlates of HIV/STD testing and willingness to test among rural-to-urban migrants in China.

PubMed

Wang, Bo; Li, Xiaoming; Stanton, Bonita; McGuire, James

2010-08-01

This study investigates socio-demographic, behavioral, psychological, and structural factors associated with self-reported HIV/STD testing and willingness to test among 1,938 Chinese migrants. Overall, 6% and 14% of participants had ever been tested for HIV and STD, respectively. The results of multivariate analyses indicate that working at entertainment sectors, engaging in commercial sex, and utilization of health care were positively associated with both HIV and STD testing. Younger age, selling blood, perceived peer sexual risk involvement, and satisfaction with life were associated with HIV testing only. Female gender, early sexual debut, multiple sexual partners, and perceived vulnerability to HIV/STD were associated with STD testing only. Male gender, having premarital sex, perceived higher severity of and vulnerability to HIV/STD, and utilization of health care were associated with willingness to be tested for both HIV and STD. Interventions designed to raise the perception of vulnerability to HIV/STD and to improve access to and utilization of health care may be effective in encouraging more HIV testing in this vulnerable population.

Current approach to STD management in women.

PubMed

Amaral, E

1998-12-01

HIV infection was recognized as a new sexually transmitted disease (STD) at the beginning of the last decade. The knowledge of risk factors for sexual transmission of HIV changed the focus on STD to a broader perspective for prevention and control of HIV infection, and consequently of STD. Barriers to STD control include cultural aspects, difficulties in changing sexual behavior, asymptomatic disease in women and expensive and inaccessible tests for diagnosis. The classical clinical approach based on etiologic treatment has never been achieved by developing countries. The international community has been searching for new approaches. Syndromic management and mass treatment are strategies recently found as useful. Nevertheless the best approach to endocervicitis by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis remain problematic. Then, the current approach to STD management must include: prompt attention to every patient seeking care for STD; early diagnosis and treatment; delivery of short term treatment at the clinic; education on STD/HIV; screening for other STDs with pre- and post-test counseling; counseling on risk reduction; provision of condoms; integration of STD services with family planning, prenatal and gynecological services.

Conformation of glycomimetics in the free and protein-bound state: structural and binding features of the C-glycosyl analogue of the core trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 6)]-D-Man.

PubMed

Mikkelsen, Lise Munch; Hernáiz, María José; Martín-Pastor, M; Skrydstrup, Troels; Jiménez-Barbero, Jesús

2002-12-18

The conformational properties of the C-glycosyl analogue of the core trisaccharide alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 3)-[alpha-D-Man-(1 --> 6)]-D-Man in solution have been carefully analyzed by a combination of NMR spectroscopy and time-averaged restrained molecular dynamics. It has been found that both the alpha-1,3- and the alpha-1,6-glycosidic linkages show a major conformational averaging. Unusual Phi ca. 60 degrees orientations for both Phi torsion angles are found. Moreover, a major conformational distinction between the natural compound and the glycomimetic affects to the behavior of the omega(16) torsion angle around the alpha-1 --> 6-linkage. Despite this increased flexibility, the C-glycosyl analogue is recognized by three mannose binding lectins, as shown by NMR (line broadening, TR-NOE, and STD) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) methods. Moreover, a process of conformational selection takes place, so that these lectins probably bind the glycomimetic similarly to the way they recognize the natural analogue. Depending upon the architecture and extension of the binding site of the lectin, loss or gain of binding affinity with respect to the natural analogue is found.

Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of Li- and Na-ion batteries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pecher, Oliver; Bayley, Paul M.; Liu, Hao

We have developed and explored the use of a new Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR probe system to track the formation of intermediate phases and investigate electrolyte decomposition during electrochemical cycling of Li- and Na-ion batteries (LIBs and NIBs). The new approach addresses many of the issues arising during in situ NMR, e.g., significantly different shifts of the multi-component samples, changing sample conditions (such as the magnetic susceptibility and conductivity) during cycling, signal broadening due to paramagnetism as well as interferences between the NMR and external cycler circuit that might impair the experiments. We provide practical insightmore » into how to conduct ATMC in situ NMR experiments and discuss applications of the methodology to LiFePO4 (LFP) and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathodes as well as Na metal anodes. Automatic frequency sweep 7Li in situ NMR reveals significant changes of the strongly paramagnetic broadened LFP line shape in agreement with the structural changes due to delithiation. Additionally, 31P in situ NMR shows a full separation of the electrolyte and cathode NMR signals and is a key feature for a deeper understanding of the processes occurring during charge/discharge on the local atomic scale of NMR. 31P in situ NMR with “on-the-fly” re-calibrated, varying carrier frequencies on Na3V2(PO4)2F3 as a cathode in a NIB enabled the detection of different P signals within a huge frequency range of 4000 ppm. The experiments show a significant shift and changes in the number as well as intensities of 31P signals during desodiation/sodiation of the cathode. The in situ experiments reveal changes of local P environments that in part have not been seen in ex situ NMR investigations. Furthermore, we applied ATMC 23Na in situ NMR on symmetrical Na–Na cells during galvanostatic plating. An automatic adjustment of the NMR carrier frequency during the in situ experiment ensured on-resonance conditions for the Na metal and electrolyte peak, respectively. Thus, interleaved measurements with different optimal NMR set-ups for the metal and electrolyte, respectively, became possible. This allowed the formation of different Na metal species as well as a quantification of electrolyte consumption during the electrochemical experiment to be monitored. The new approach is likely to benefit a further understanding of Na-ion battery chemistries.« less

Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR spectroscopy as a novel approach for real-time investigations of Li- and Na-ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pecher, Oliver; Bayley, Paul M.; Liu, Hao; Liu, Zigeng; Trease, Nicole M.; Grey, Clare P.

2016-04-01

We have developed and explored the use of a new Automatic Tuning Matching Cycler (ATMC) in situ NMR probe system to track the formation of intermediate phases and investigate electrolyte decomposition during electrochemical cycling of Li- and Na-ion batteries (LIBs and NIBs). The new approach addresses many of the issues arising during in situ NMR, e.g., significantly different shifts of the multi-component samples, changing sample conditions (such as the magnetic susceptibility and conductivity) during cycling, signal broadening due to paramagnetism as well as interferences between the NMR and external cycler circuit that might impair the experiments. We provide practical insight into how to conduct ATMC in situ NMR experiments and discuss applications of the methodology to LiFePO4 (LFP) and Na3V2(PO4)2F3 cathodes as well as Na metal anodes. Automatic frequency sweep 7Li in situ NMR reveals significant changes of the strongly paramagnetic broadened LFP line shape in agreement with the structural changes due to delithiation. Additionally, 31P in situ NMR shows a full separation of the electrolyte and cathode NMR signals and is a key feature for a deeper understanding of the processes occurring during charge/discharge on the local atomic scale of NMR. 31P in situ NMR with "on-the-fly" re-calibrated, varying carrier frequencies on Na3V2(PO4)2F3 as a cathode in a NIB enabled the detection of different P signals within a huge frequency range of 4000 ppm. The experiments show a significant shift and changes in the number as well as intensities of 31P signals during desodiation/sodiation of the cathode. The in situ experiments reveal changes of local P environments that in part have not been seen in ex situ NMR investigations. Furthermore, we applied ATMC 23Na in situ NMR on symmetrical Na-Na cells during galvanostatic plating. An automatic adjustment of the NMR carrier frequency during the in situ experiment ensured on-resonance conditions for the Na metal and electrolyte peak, respectively. Thus, interleaved measurements with different optimal NMR set-ups for the metal and electrolyte, respectively, became possible. This allowed the formation of different Na metal species as well as a quantification of electrolyte consumption during the electrochemical experiment to be monitored. The new approach is likely to benefit a further understanding of Na-ion battery chemistries.

STD Education: Challenge for the 80s.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kroger, Fred; Wiesner, Paul J.

1981-01-01

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are the most pervasive, destructive, and costly communicable disease problems facing America's youth. The need for and appropriateness of school-based STD education, some elements of high-quality STD education, and strategies for dealing constructively with controversy are discussed. (JN)

Nuclear magnetic resonance studies of quadrupolar nuclei and dipolar field effects

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Urban, Jeffry Todd

Experimental and theoretical research conducted in two areas in the field of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is presented: (1) studies of the coherent quantum-mechanical control of the angular momentum dynamics of quadrupolar (spin I > 1/2) nuclei and its application to the determination of molecular structure; and (2) applications of the long-range nuclear dipolar field to novel NMR detection methodologies.The dissertation is organized into six chapters. The first two chapters and associated appendices are intended to be pedagogical and include an introduction to the quantum mechanical theory of pulsed NMR spectroscopy and the time dependent theory of quantum mechanics.more » The third chapter describes investigations of the solid-state multiple-quantum magic angle spinning (MQMAS) NMR experiment applied to I = 5/2 quadrupolar nuclei. This work reports the use of rotary resonance-matched radiofrequency irradiation for sensitivity enhancement of the I = 5/2 MQMAS experiment. These experiments exhibited certain selective line narrowing effects which were investigated theoretically.The fourth chapter extends the discussion of multiple quantum spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei to a mostly theoretical study of the feasibility of enhancing the resolution of nitrogen-14 NMR of large biomolecules in solution via double-quantum spectroscopy. The fifth chapter continues to extend the principles of multiple quantum NMR spectroscopy of quadrupolar nuclei to make analogies between experiments in NMR/nuclear quadrupolar resonance (NQR) and experiments in atomic/molecular optics (AMO). These analogies are made through the Hamiltonian and density operator formalism of angular momentum dynamics in the presence of electric and magnetic fields.The sixth chapter investigates the use of the macroscopic nuclear dipolar field to encode the NMR spectrum of an analyte nucleus indirectly in the magnetization of a sensor nucleus. This technique could potentially serve as an encoding module for the recently developed NMR remote detection experiment. The feasibility of using hyperpolarized xenon-129 gas as a sensor is discussed. This work also reports the use of an optical atomic magnetometer to detect the nuclear magnetization of Xe-129 gas, which has potential applicability as a detection module for NMR remote detection experiments.« less

High performance 1553

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hegarty, Michael G.

2005-05-01

The U.S. Air Force is currently in the process of developing a revision to MIL-STD-1553 that will provide additional digital communication bandwidth beyond MIL-STD-1553B's 1 Megabit per second (Mbps) rate. The proposed revision to MIL-STD-1553 (referred to as MIL-STD-1553C) is targeting 200 Mbps as a baseline data rate. This paper explores the feasibility of the U.S. Air Force's proposed revision to MIL-STD-1553 based on studies conducted by Data Device Corporation (DDC). A combination of empirical and theoretical methods is used to determine if a MIL-STD-1553B network contains sufficient capacity to support the proposed 200 Mbps data rate. The results of DDC's analysis is that for some MIL-STD-1553 buses there is sufficient bandwidth to implement a broadband system in which legacy 1 Mbps 1553B waveforms could coexist with new 200 Mbps waveforms, thus providing an incremental high speed communication channel to existing MIL-STD-1553 buses.

A generalized approach to automated NMR peak list editing: application to reduced dimensionality triple resonance spectra.

PubMed

Moseley, Hunter N B; Riaz, Nadeem; Aramini, James M; Szyperski, Thomas; Montelione, Gaetano T

2004-10-01

We present an algorithm and program called Pattern Picker that performs editing of raw peak lists derived from multidimensional NMR experiments with characteristic peak patterns. Pattern Picker detects groups of correlated peaks within peak lists from reduced dimensionality triple resonance (RD-TR) NMR spectra, with high fidelity and high yield. With typical quality RD-TR NMR data sets, Pattern Picker performs almost as well as human analysis, and is very robust in discriminating real peak sets from noise and other artifacts in unedited peak lists. The program uses a depth-first search algorithm with short-circuiting to efficiently explore a search tree representing every possible combination of peaks forming a group. The Pattern Picker program is particularly valuable for creating an automated peak picking/editing process. The Pattern Picker algorithm can be applied to a broad range of experiments with distinct peak patterns including RD, G-matrix Fourier transformation (GFT) NMR spectra, and experiments to measure scalar and residual dipolar coupling, thus promoting the use of experiments that are typically harder for a human to analyze. Since the complexity of peak patterns becomes a benefit rather than a drawback, Pattern Picker opens new opportunities in NMR experiment design.

How can we improve online HIV and STD prevention for men who have sex with men? Perspectives of hook-up website owners, website users, and HIV/STD directors.

PubMed

Wohlfeiler, Dan; Hecht, Jennifer; Volk, Jonathan; Fisher Raymond, H; Kennedy, Tom; McFarland, Willi

2013-11-01

Internet-based interventions have potential to reduce HIV and STD transmission among men who meet male sexual partners online. From November 2009 to May 2010 we surveyed dating and hook-up website users (n = 3,050), website owners (n = 18), and health department HIV/STD directors (n = 81) to identify structural and behavioral prevention interventions that could be implemented online and which a majority of website users were willing to use, owners were willing to implement, and HIV/STD directors perceived to be effective. A majority of each of the three stakeholder groups agreed on the following: (1) automated HIV/STD testing reminders, (2) local STD test site directories, (3) links to sex-positive safe sex videos, (4) access to sexual health experts, (5) profile options to include safer sex preference, (6) chat rooms for specific sexual interests, (7) filtering partners by their profile information, and (8) anonymous e-card partner notification for STD exposure. Findings help build consensus about how to prioritize resources for implementing online HIV and STD prevention interventions and highlight differences between stakeholders to guide future discussion about how to advance prevention efforts.

Two-dimensional NMR spectrometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Farrar, T.C.

1987-06-01

This article is the second in a two-part series. In part one (ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY, May 15) the authors discussed one-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra and some relatively advanced nuclear spin gymnastics experiments that provide a capability for selective sensitivity enhancements. In this article and overview and some applications of two-dimensional NMR experiments are presented. These powerful experiments are important complements to the one-dimensional experiments. As in the more sophisticated one-dimensional experiments, the two-dimensional experiments involve three distinct time periods: a preparation period, t/sub 0/; an evolution period, t/sub 1/; and a detection period, t/sub 2/.

Condom use relative to knowledge of sexually transmitted disease prevention, method of birth control, and past or present infection.

PubMed

Fleisher, J M; Senie, R T; Minkoff, H; Jaccard, J

1994-12-01

The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge regarding STD spread and prevention, and to assess motivational and behavioral factors that influence the use of condoms to prevent STD acquisition among inner-city women at high risk for STD infection. In addition, the effect of past and/or current STD infection on a woman's knowledge of the mechanism of STD acquisition and subsequent use of a condom to prevent STD infection was explored. We utilized three inner-city clinics offering family planning or gynecologic care located in Brooklyn, New York. Our study linked clinical findings regarding current infection with chlamydia or Trichomonas vaginalis. One thousand four hundred and four sexually active black and Hispanic women participated in the study. A past history of STD (37%) or current infection (29%) was recorded for 54% of the study population (12% were positive for both past and current infection). On average, only 60% of women who reported prior treatment for STD infection reported receiving any information regarding prevention of re-infection during the course of treatment. Depending on the specific STD, from 6.8% to 42.9% of women reporting prior treatment for an STD did not know the disease they were being treated for was sexually transmitted. Condom use for disease prevention was more frequently reported by women who had previously been treated for an STD (OR = 1.62, 95% CI 1.23-2.13). However, condom use for contraception was a stronger predictor of use for STD prevention. Women who relied on condoms for contraception were almost 10 times more likely to also report condom use for STD prevention relative to women who did not use condoms for contraceptive purposes (OR = 9.71, 95% CI 7.0-13.5). In addition, condom use was associated with the perceived attitude of their sexual partner toward such use. Condom use to prevent STD acquisition was more than twice as frequently reported when a favorable attitude was perceived by a male sexual partner (OR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.54-3.43). Our findings suggest that prevention of unplanned pregnancy was a stronger motivator for condom use than disease prevention among the women comprising our study group. The findings also indicate the need for more extensive information regarding STD prevention among women at high risk for STD acquisition.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Ordered versus Unordered Map for Primitive Data Types

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

mapped to some element. C++ provides two types of map containers within the standard template library, the std ::map and the std ::unordered_map...classes. As the name implies, the containers main functional difference is that the elements in the std ::map are ordered by the key, and the std ...unordered_map are not ordered based on their key. The std ::unordered_map elements are placed into “buckets” based on a hash value computed for their key

STD coinfections in The Netherlands: Specific sexual networks at highest risk.

PubMed

van Veen, Maaike G; Koedijk, Femke D H; van der Sande, Marianne A B

2010-07-01

Specific subpopulations infected with multiple bacterial sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) may facilitate ongoing STD transmission. To identify these subpopulations we determined the extent of concurrent incident STD infections and their risk factors among the high-risk population seen at Dutch STD clinics. STD surveillance data submitted routinely by STD clinics to the National Institute for Public Health on demographics, sexual behavior, STD testing, and diagnoses for the period 2004-2007 were analyzed. Bacterial STD coinfections were diagnosed concurrently in 2120 (7%) of the 31,754 incident bacterial STD diagnoses (chlamydia, gonorrhea, infectious syphilis). In univariate logistic regression analyses, coinfections were significantly more often diagnosed in men who have sex with men (MSM, OR = 5.4) than in heterosexuals. Multivariate analyses showed a significant interaction between age and sexual preference. Subsequent stratified analyses by sexual preference showed a linear rise in coinfections with age in MSM. In heterosexuals, by contrast, bacterial coinfections peaked in those aged 19 or less; they had 27% of coinfections, while having only 14% of monodiagnoses and 10% of consultations. Heterosexual STD clinic attendees of Surinamese or Antillean origin were significantly at higher risk for coinfection (OR = 6.5) than all other ethnicities. Attendees belonging to specific sexual networks, such as MSM, ethnic groups, and young heterosexuals were at increased risk for STD coinfections. The different trend with age in MSM versus heterosexuals suggests that these 2 high-risk networks have different determinants of higher risk, such as age-related sexual risk-taking, biologic susceptibility, and insufficient knowledge or compliance with prevention measures. Prevention should therefore be targeted differently towards specific sexual networks.

Water absorption of freeze-dried meat at different water activities: a multianalytical approach using sorption isotherm, differential scanning calorimetry, and nuclear magnetic resonance.

PubMed

Venturi, Luca; Rocculi, Pietro; Cavani, Claudio; Placucci, Giuseppe; Dalla Rosa, Marco; Cremonini, Mauro A

2007-12-26

Hydration of freeze-dried chicken breast meat was followed in the water activity range of aw=0.12-0.99 by a multianalytical approach comprising of sorption isotherm, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The amount of frozen water and the shape of the T2-relaxogram were evaluated at each water content by DSC and NMR, respectively. Data revealed an agreement between sorption isotherm and DSC experiments about the onset of bulk water (aw=0.83-0.86), and NMR detected mobile water starting at aw=0.75. The origin of the short-transverse relaxation time part of the meat NMR signal was also reinvestigated through deuteration experiments and proposed to arise from protons belonging to plasticized matrix structures. It is proved both by D2O experiments and by gravimetry that the extra protons not contributing to the water content in the NMR experiments are about 6.4% of the total proton NMR CPMG signal of meat.

23 CFR 637.205 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Each STD shall develop a quality assurance program which will assure that the materials and workmanship... criteria in § 637.207 and be approved by the FHWA. (b) STD capabilities. The STD shall maintain an adequate... qualified sampling and testing personnel employed by the STD or its designated agent. (d) Verification...

23 CFR 637.205 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Each STD shall develop a quality assurance program which will assure that the materials and workmanship... criteria in § 637.207 and be approved by the FHWA. (b) STD capabilities. The STD shall maintain an adequate... qualified sampling and testing personnel employed by the STD or its designated agent. (d) Verification...

23 CFR 637.205 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Each STD shall develop a quality assurance program which will assure that the materials and workmanship... criteria in § 637.207 and be approved by the FHWA. (b) STD capabilities. The STD shall maintain an adequate... qualified sampling and testing personnel employed by the STD or its designated agent. (d) Verification...

10 CFR 431.447 - Department of Energy recognition of nationally recognized certification programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Methods A and B, IEEE Std 114-2010, CSA C390-10, and CSA C747 (incorporated by... IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Methods A and B, IEEE Std 114-2010, CSA C390-10, and CSA C747- (incorporated by...

10 CFR 431.447 - Department of Energy recognition of nationally recognized certification programs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Methods A and B, IEEE Std 114-2010, CSA C390-10, and CSA C747 (incorporated by... IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Methods A and B, IEEE Std 114-2010, CSA C390-10, and CSA C747- (incorporated by...

23 CFR 637.205 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Each STD shall develop a quality assurance program which will assure that the materials and workmanship... criteria in § 637.207 and be approved by the FHWA. (b) STD capabilities. The STD shall maintain an adequate... qualified sampling and testing personnel employed by the STD or its designated agent. (d) Verification...

23 CFR 637.205 - Policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Each STD shall develop a quality assurance program which will assure that the materials and workmanship... criteria in § 637.207 and be approved by the FHWA. (b) STD capabilities. The STD shall maintain an adequate... qualified sampling and testing personnel employed by the STD or its designated agent. (d) Verification...

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb212.spread_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

ground UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 002 10 m above ground VGRD analysis V-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 003 1000 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 004 850 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 005 700 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 006 600

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb216.spread_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

ground UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 002 10 m above ground VGRD analysis V-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 003 1000 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 004 850 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 005 700 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 006 600

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb243.spread_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

ground UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 002 10 m above ground VGRD analysis V-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 003 1000 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 004 850 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 005 700 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 006 600

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb132.spread_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

ground UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 002 10 m above ground VGRD analysis V-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 003 1000 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 004 850 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 005 700 mb UGRD analysis U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 006 600

School-Based HIV/STD Testing Behaviors and Motivations Among Black and Hispanic Teen MSM: Results From a Formative Evaluation.

PubMed

Morris, Elana; Topete, Pablo; Rasberry, Catherine N; Lesesne, Catherine A; Kroupa, Elizabeth; Carver, Lisa

2016-12-01

This evaluation explores experiences with, and motivations for, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing among black and Hispanic school-aged young men who have sex with men (YMSM). Participants were recruited at community-based organizations that serve YMSM in New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Eligible participants were 13- to 19-year-old black or Hispanic males who reported attraction to or sexual behavior with other males and/or identified as gay or bisexual, and attended at least 90 days of school in the previous 18 months. Participants (N = 415) completed web-based questionnaires and/or in-depth interviews (N = 32). In the past year, 72.0% of questionnaire participants had been tested for HIV, 13.5% of them at school or school clinic. Participants reported that they would be more likely to get an HIV test if they could be tested close to or at school (34.4%), and 64.4% would use HIV testing if offered in schools. Most interview participants reported willingness to use school-based services if they were offered nonjudgmentally, privately, and confidentially by providers with experience serving YMSM. Schools can provide opportunities to make HIV and STD testing accessible to school-aged YMSM, but the services must be provided in ways that are comfortable to them. © 2016, American School Health Association.

School-Based HIV/STD Testing Behaviors and Motivations Among Black and Hispanic Teen MSM: Results From a Formative Evaluation

PubMed Central

Morris, Elana; Topete, Pablo; Rasberry, Catherine N.; Lesesne, Catherine A.; Kroupa, Elizabeth; Carver, Lisa

2018-01-01

BACKGROUND This evaluation explores experiences with, and motivations for, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing among black and Hispanic school-aged young men who have sex with men (YMSM). METHODS Participants were recruited at community-based organizations that serve YMSM in New York City, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Eligible participants were 13- to 19-year-old black or Hispanic males who reported attraction to or sexual behavior with other males and/or identified as gay or bisexual, and attended at least 90 days of school in the previous 18 months. Participants (N = 415) completed web-based questionnaires and/or in-depth interviews (N = 32). RESULTS In the past year, 72.0% of questionnaire participants had been tested for HIV, 13.5% of them at school or school clinic. Participants reported that they would be more likely to get an HIV test if they could be tested close to or at school (34.4%), and 64.4% would use HIV testing if offered in schools. Most interview participants reported willingness to use school-based services if they were offered nonjudgmentally, privately, and confidentially by providers with experience serving YMSM. CONCLUSION Schools can provide opportunities to make HIV and STD testing accessible to school-aged YMSM, but the services must be provided in ways that are comfortable to them. PMID:27866390

Assessing the role of prevention partnerships in STD prevention: a review of comprehensive STD prevention systems progress reports.

PubMed

Hogben, Matthew; Hood, Julia; Collins, Dayne; McFarlane, Mary

2013-11-01

Systematic analysis of STD programme data contributes to a national portrait of sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention activities, including research and evaluation specifically designed to optimise programme efficiency and impact. We analysed the narrative of the 2009 annual progress reports of the US Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems cooperative agreement for 58 STD programmes, concentrating on programme characteristics and partnerships. Programmes described 516 unique partnerships with a median of seven organisations cited per STD programme. Non-profit organisations (including service providers) were most frequently cited. Higher gonorrhoea morbidity was associated with reporting more partnerships; budget problems were associated with reporting fewer. Challenges to engaging in partnerships included budget constraints, staff turnover and low interest. Data provide a source of information for judging progress in programme collaboration and for informing a sustained programme-focused research and evaluation agenda.

Determinants of STD epidemics: implications for phase appropriate intervention strategies.

PubMed

Aral, S O

2002-04-01

Determinants of evolving epidemics of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are equally influenced by the evolution of the STD epidemics themselves and by the evolution of human societies. A temporal approach to STD transmission dynamics suggests the need to monitor infectivity, rate of exposure between infected and susceptible individuals, and duration of infectiousness in societies. Different indicators may be used to monitor rate of exposure in the general population and in core groups. In addition, underlying determinants of STD epidemics such as poverty, inequality, racial/ethnic discrimination, unemployment, sex ratio, volume of migration, and health care coverage and quality are important variables to monitor through a surveillance system focused on social context. Ongoing large scale societal changes including urbanisation, globalisation, increasing inequality, and increasing volume of migrant populations may affect the evolution of STD epidemics. Globalised STD epidemics could pose a major challenge to local public health systems.

Beyond Fourier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoch, Jeffrey C.

2017-10-01

Non-Fourier methods of spectrum analysis are gaining traction in NMR spectroscopy, driven by their utility for processing nonuniformly sampled data. These methods afford new opportunities for optimizing experiment time, resolution, and sensitivity of multidimensional NMR experiments, but they also pose significant challenges not encountered with the discrete Fourier transform. A brief history of non-Fourier methods in NMR serves to place different approaches in context. Non-Fourier methods reflect broader trends in the growing importance of computation in NMR, and offer insights for future software development.

40 CFR 1066.630 - PDP, SSV, and CFV flow rate calculations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... per revolution, as determined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section. T std = standard temperature = 293.... p std = standard pressure= 101.325 kPa. (2) Calculate V rev using the following equation: ER28AP14... std = standard temperature. p std = standard pressure. Z = compressibility factor. M mix = molar mass...

23 CFR 635.116 - Subcontracting and contractor responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... provisions. (b) The STD shall not permit any of the contract work to be performed under a subcontract, unless such arrangement has been authorized by the STD in writing. Prior to authorizing a subcontract, the STD... and requirements of the prime contract. The Division Administrator may permit the STD to satisfy the...

23 CFR 635.116 - Subcontracting and contractor responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... provisions. (b) The STD shall not permit any of the contract work to be performed under a subcontract, unless such arrangement has been authorized by the STD in writing. Prior to authorizing a subcontract, the STD... and requirements of the prime contract. The Division Administrator may permit the STD to satisfy the...

40 CFR 1037.705 - Generating and calculating emission credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... equations: (1) For vocational vehicles: Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) × (Payload Tons) × (Volume) × (UL) × (10−6) Where: Std = the emission standard associated with the specific tractor regulatory subcategory... credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) × (Payload tons) × (Volume) × (UL) × (10−6) Where: Std = the emission standard...

40 CFR 1037.705 - Generating and calculating emission credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... equations: (1) For vocational vehicles: Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) × (Payload Tons) × (Volume) × (UL) × (10−6) Where: Std = the emission standard associated with the specific tractor regulatory subcategory... credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) × (Payload tons) × (Volume) × (UL) × (10−6) Where: Std = the emission standard...

40 CFR 1037.705 - Generating and calculating emission credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... equations: (1) For vocational vehicles: Emission credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) × (Payload Tons) × (Volume) × (UL) × (10−6) Where: Std = the emission standard associated with the specific tractor regulatory subcategory... credits (Mg) = (Std-FEL) × (Payload tons) × (Volume) × (UL) × (10−6) Where: Std = the emission standard...

23 CFR 635.116 - Subcontracting and contractor responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... provisions. (b) The STD shall not permit any of the contract work to be performed under a subcontract, unless such arrangement has been authorized by the STD in writing. Prior to authorizing a subcontract, the STD... and requirements of the prime contract. The Division Administrator may permit the STD to satisfy the...

23 CFR 635.116 - Subcontracting and contractor responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... provisions. (b) The STD shall not permit any of the contract work to be performed under a subcontract, unless such arrangement has been authorized by the STD in writing. Prior to authorizing a subcontract, the STD... and requirements of the prime contract. The Division Administrator may permit the STD to satisfy the...

Reportable STDs in Young People 15-24 Years of Age, by State

MedlinePlus

... STD 101 in a Box Home Script for Sex in the City Video STD Clinical Slides STD Clinical Slides STD Picture ... include: line graphs by year; pie charts for sex; bar charts by state and country; bar charts for age, race/ethnicity, and transmission ... Quicktime file RealPlayer file Text file ...

Dipeptide Structural Analysis Using Two-Dimensional NMR for the Undergraduate Advanced Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzalez, Elizabeth; Dolino, Drew; Schwartzenburg, Danielle; Steiger, Michelle A.

2015-01-01

A laboratory experiment was developed to introduce students in either an organic chemistry or biochemistry lab course to two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D NMR) spectroscopy using simple biomolecules. The goal of this experiment is for students to understand and interpret the information provided by a 2D NMR spectrum. Students are…

Routine brief risk-reduction counseling with biannual STD testing reduces STD incidence among HIV-infected men who have sex with men in care.

PubMed

Patel, Pragna; Bush, Tim; Mayer, Kenneth; Milam, Joel; Richardson, Jean; Hammer, John; Henry, Keith; Overton, Turner; Conley, Lois; Marks, Gary; Brooks, John T

2012-06-01

We evaluated whether routine biannual sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing coupled with brief risk-reduction counseling reduces STD incidence and high-risk behaviors. The SUN study is a prospective observational HIV cohort study conducted in 4 US cities. At enrollment and every 6 months thereafter, participants completed a behavioral survey and were screened for STDs, and if diagnosed, were treated. Medical providers conducted brief risk-reduction counseling with all patients. Among men who have sex with men (MSM), we examined trends in STD incidence and rates of self-reported risk behaviors before and after exposure to the risk-reduction intervention. The "preintervention" visit was the study visit that was at least 6 months after enrollment STD screening and treatment and at which the participant was first exposed to the intervention. The "postintervention" visit was 12 months later. Among 216 MSM with complete STD and behavioral data, median age was 44.5 years; 77% were non-Hispanic white; 83% were on highly active antiretroviral treatment; 84% had an HIV RNA level <400 copies/mL and the median CD4 (cluster of differentiation 4) count was 511 cells/mm. Twelve months after first exposure to the risk-reduction intervention, STD incidence declined from 8.8% to 4.2% (P = 0.041). Rates of unprotected receptive or insertive anal intercourse with HIV-positive partners increased (19% to 25%, P = 0.024), but did not change with HIV-negative partners or partners of unknown HIV status (24% to 22%, P = 0.590). STD incidence declined significantly among HIV-infected MSM after implementing frequent, routine STD testing coupled with risk-reduction counseling. These findings support adoption of routine STD screening and risk-reduction counseling for HIV-infected MSM.

Seasonal predictions of equatorial Atlantic SST in a low-resolution CGCM with surface heat flux correction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dippe, Tina; Greatbatch, Richard; Ding, Hui

2016-04-01

The dominant mode of interannual variability in tropical Atlantic sea surface temperatures (SSTs) is the Atlantic Niño or Zonal Mode. Akin to the El Niño-Southern Oscillation in the Pacific sector, it is able to impact the climate both of the adjacent equatorial African continent and remote regions. Due to heavy biases in the mean state climate of the equatorial-to-subtropical Atlantic, however, most state-of-the-art coupled global climate models (CGCMs) are unable to realistically simulate equatorial Atlantic variability. In this study, the Kiel Climate Model (KCM) is used to investigate the impact of a simple bias alleviation technique on the predictability of equatorial Atlantic SSTs. Two sets of seasonal forecasting experiments are performed: An experiment using the standard KCM (STD), and an experiment with additional surface heat flux correction (FLX) that efficiently removes the SST bias from simulations. Initial conditions for both experiments are generated by the KCM run in partially coupled mode, a simple assimilation technique that forces the KCM with observed wind stress anomalies and preserves SST as a fully prognostic variable. Seasonal predictions for both sets of experiments are run four times yearly for 1981-2012. Results: Heat flux correction substantially improves the simulated variability in the initialization runs for boreal summer and fall (June-October). In boreal spring (March-May), however, neither the initialization runs of the STD or FLX-experiments are able to capture the observed variability. FLX-predictions show no consistent enhancement of skill relative to the predictions of the STD experiment over the course of the year. The skill of persistence forecasts is hardly beat by either of the two experiments in any season, limiting the usefulness of the few forecasts that show significant skill. However, FLX-forecasts initialized in May recover skill in July and August, the peak season of the Atlantic Niño (anomaly correlation coefficients of about 0.3). Further study is necessary to determine the mechanism that drives this potentially useful recovery.

Observations of sexually transmitted disease consultations in India.

PubMed

Mertens, T E; Smith, G D; Kantharaj, K; Mugrditchian, D; Radhakrishnan, K M

1998-03-01

To assess the quality of sexually transmitted disease (STD) case management provided in public and private health facilities in selected areas of Madras, Tamil Nadu, India, in order to make recommendations for improving the quality of care and promote the syndromic approach to STD treatment. Structured observations of consultations for STDs in health care facilities. Scoring of the observations according to standards for history taking, examination, treatment and provision of basic health promotion advice allows evaluation of STD case management. With STD treatment adequacy scored against Indian national guidelines (which recommend aetiologic treatment), history taking, examination and treatment were satisfactory in 76 out of 108 (70%) of observed consultations. However, if STD treatment adequacy is scored with respect to the syndrome approach towards selected STD (male urethritis and non herpetic genital ulcer for both sexes), only 8 out of 81 (10%) of the patients were satisfactory managed. During 32 out of 108 (30%) of the consultations, advice on the use of condoms in order to prevent STD or HIV/AIDS was given. Instructions regarding how to use condoms were offered to seven (6%) patients and condoms were only provided to one patient (1%). Patients were urged to refer their partner(s) for treatment during 29 (27%) of consultations. A criterion of adequate use of the STD consultation for health promotion, requiring both promotion of condoms and encouragement to refer partner(s) for treatment, was met during 13 (12%) of consultations. Monitoring and improving the standards of care at facilities at which STDs are treated have become key roles of STD/HIV/AIDS programmes. The present report suggests that in Madras the activities of medical practitioners who treat STD patients are far from ideal at present. Improvements would involve simplifying existing treatment guidelines by promoting the syndromic approach to STD management, continuing education programmes for health care providers in the public and private sectors and repeat assessments and feedback of the quality of STD care.

The other STDs. Linked with HIV transmission, they are attracting new attention.

PubMed

Lande, R E

1992-12-01

Health officials began neglecting sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) (syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, trichomoniasis, and chancroid) when the AIDS epidemic began. They now refocus efforts on STDs because data indicate that STDs facilitate HIV transmission. Even though the risk of HIV transmission is lower in people with nonulcerative STDs than those with genital ulcers (0-4 vs. 2-5 times), the link between nonulcerative STDs and HIV transmission is a greater problem since nonulcerative STD cases occur more often than genital ulcers. Many AIDS control programs execute STD control activities. Countries must improve existing STD control programs. They should strengthen STD surveillance. Viet Nam has established surveillance sites at STD clinics in 4 cities. Training different health providers in STD control would make STD services accessible to more people. These providers include nurses, midwives, pharmacists, and even traditional healers and should be based at pharmacies and primary health care, maternal and child health, and family planning clinics. Primary health care workers should use symptoms to diagnose and treat STDs rather than laboratory tests. 1 drawback of this syndromic approach is that about 50% of women do not exhibit STD symptoms. STD control programs must guarantee a steady reserve of drugs. In Zimbabwe, primary health clinics receive STD drugs from a decentralized drug distribution system (5-8 warehouses) rather than the older centralized system (1 warehouse). This has reduced the waiting time from 6 months to 4-6 weeks. Programs need to encourage individuals to seek early treatment of STDs via health education campaigns (e.g., mass media), outreach to high risk groups such as prostitutes and the patron, and contact tracing. STD counselors should promote condom use. An STD program in Nairobi, Kenya informs patients to use a condom during sex with any causal sex partner, shows patients how to put on and take off the condom, and tells them where they can obtain condoms.

Titration of Alanine Monitored by NMR Spectroscopy: A Biochemistry Laboratory Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waller, Francis J.; And Others

1977-01-01

The experiment described here involves simultaneous monitoring of pH and NMR chemical shifts during an aqueous titration of alpha- and beta-alanine. This experiment is designed for use in an undergraduate biochemistry course. (MR)

The Relationship between STD Locus of Control and STD Acquisition among Adolescent Girls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rosenthal, Susan L.; Griffith, Jennifer O.; Succop, Paul A.; Biro, Frank M.; Lewis, Lisa M.; DeVellis, Robert F.; Stanberry, Lawrence R.

2002-01-01

Adolescent girls from an urban-based clinic participated in a longitudinal study about psychosexual development and risk of STD acquisition. The girls were asked about their perceptions of loci of control (parents, internal control) as it relates to STD acquisition. Responses to locus of control correlated over time but variations were not found…

23 CFR 635.114 - Award of contract and concurrence in award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... STD in accordance with § 635.110. Award shall be within the time established by the STD and subject to the prior concurrence of the Division Administrator. (b) The STD shall formally request concurrence by.... (c) Following the opening of bids, the STD shall examine the unit bid prices of the apparent low bid...

23 CFR 710.603 - Direct Federal acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the STD to commence right-of-way acquisition, the date of the project agreement and a statement that... negotiations which have been conducted by the STD with landowners; (9) An agreement that the STD will pay its... required by State law any time before the FHWA makes a determination that the STD is unable to acquire the...

40 CFR 211.206-2 - Alternative test data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... according to ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 or ANSI STD S3.19-1974 to determine the mean attenuation and standard... based on the ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 measurement procedure must state in the supporting information... are based on ANSI STD -Z24.22-1957. (b) Manufacturers who initially use available data based on ANSI...

40 CFR 211.206-2 - Alternative test data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... according to ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 or ANSI STD S3.19-1974 to determine the mean attenuation and standard... based on the ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 measurement procedure must state in the supporting information... are based on ANSI STD -Z24.22-1957. (b) Manufacturers who initially use available data based on ANSI...

40 CFR 211.206-2 - Alternative test data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... according to ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 or ANSI STD S3.19-1974 to determine the mean attenuation and standard... based on the ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 measurement procedure must state in the supporting information... are based on ANSI STD -Z24.22-1957. (b) Manufacturers who initially use available data based on ANSI...

23 CFR 635.114 - Award of contract and concurrence in award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... STD in accordance with § 635.110. Award shall be within the time established by the STD and subject to the prior concurrence of the Division Administrator. (b) The STD shall formally request concurrence by.... (c) Following the opening of bids, the STD shall examine the unit bid prices of the apparent low bid...

23 CFR 635.114 - Award of contract and concurrence in award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... STD in accordance with § 635.110. Award shall be within the time established by the STD and subject to the prior concurrence of the Division Administrator. (b) The STD shall formally request concurrence by.... (c) Following the opening of bids, the STD shall examine the unit bid prices of the apparent low bid...

40 CFR 211.206-2 - Alternative test data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... according to ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 or ANSI STD S3.19-1974 to determine the mean attenuation and standard... based on the ANSI STD Z24.22-1957 measurement procedure must state in the supporting information... are based on ANSI STD -Z24.22-1957. (b) Manufacturers who initially use available data based on ANSI...

Development and Evaluation of a Multimedia-Enhanced STD/HIV Curriculum for Middle Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldsworthy, Richard; Schwartz, Nancy

2008-01-01

STD infection among adolescents is a significant public health concern. Surveys indicate that parents believe STD and HIV/AIDS are appropriate topics for middle school and high school students; however, school-based STD education efforts remain inconsistent, perhaps in part as a result of the lack of standardized, well-distributed curricula.…

23 CFR 635.114 - Award of contract and concurrence in award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... STD in accordance with § 635.110. Award shall be within the time established by the STD and subject to the prior concurrence of the Division Administrator. (b) The STD shall formally request concurrence by.... (c) Following the opening of bids, the STD shall examine the unit bid prices of the apparent low bid...

23 CFR 710.603 - Direct Federal acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the STD to commence right-of-way acquisition, the date of the project agreement and a statement that... negotiations which have been conducted by the STD with landowners; (9) An agreement that the STD will pay its... required by State law any time before the FHWA makes a determination that the STD is unable to acquire the...

23 CFR 710.603 - Direct Federal acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the STD to commence right-of-way acquisition, the date of the project agreement and a statement that... negotiations which have been conducted by the STD with landowners; (9) An agreement that the STD will pay its... required by State law any time before the FHWA makes a determination that the STD is unable to acquire the...

Anvil cell gasket design for high pressure nuclear magnetic resonance experiments beyond 30 GPa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meier, Thomas; Haase, Jürgen

2015-12-15

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments are reported at up to 30.5 GPa of pressure using radiofrequency (RF) micro-coils with anvil cell designs. These are the highest pressures ever reported with NMR, and are made possible through an improved gasket design based on nano-crystalline powders embedded in epoxy resin. Cubic boron-nitride (c-BN), corundum (α-Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}), or diamond based composites have been tested, also in NMR experiments. These composite gaskets lose about 1/2 of their initial height up to 30.5 GPa, allowing for larger sample quantities and preventing damages to the RF micro-coils compared to precipitation hardened CuBe gaskets. It ismore » shown that NMR shift and resolution are less affected by the composite gaskets as compared to the more magnetic CuBe. The sensitivity can be as high as at normal pressure. The new, inexpensive, and simple to engineer gaskets are thus superior for NMR experiments at high pressures.« less

nmrML: A Community Supported Open Data Standard for the Description, Storage, and Exchange of NMR Data.

PubMed

Schober, Daniel; Jacob, Daniel; Wilson, Michael; Cruz, Joseph A; Marcu, Ana; Grant, Jason R; Moing, Annick; Deborde, Catherine; de Figueiredo, Luis F; Haug, Kenneth; Rocca-Serra, Philippe; Easton, John; Ebbels, Timothy M D; Hao, Jie; Ludwig, Christian; Günther, Ulrich L; Rosato, Antonio; Klein, Matthias S; Lewis, Ian A; Luchinat, Claudio; Jones, Andrew R; Grauslys, Arturas; Larralde, Martin; Yokochi, Masashi; Kobayashi, Naohiro; Porzel, Andrea; Griffin, Julian L; Viant, Mark R; Wishart, David S; Steinbeck, Christoph; Salek, Reza M; Neumann, Steffen

2018-01-02

NMR is a widely used analytical technique with a growing number of repositories available. As a result, demands for a vendor-agnostic, open data format for long-term archiving of NMR data have emerged with the aim to ease and encourage sharing, comparison, and reuse of NMR data. Here we present nmrML, an open XML-based exchange and storage format for NMR spectral data. The nmrML format is intended to be fully compatible with existing NMR data for chemical, biochemical, and metabolomics experiments. nmrML can capture raw NMR data, spectral data acquisition parameters, and where available spectral metadata, such as chemical structures associated with spectral assignments. The nmrML format is compatible with pure-compound NMR data for reference spectral libraries as well as NMR data from complex biomixtures, i.e., metabolomics experiments. To facilitate format conversions, we provide nmrML converters for Bruker, JEOL and Agilent/Varian vendor formats. In addition, easy-to-use Web-based spectral viewing, processing, and spectral assignment tools that read and write nmrML have been developed. Software libraries and Web services for data validation are available for tool developers and end-users. The nmrML format has already been adopted for capturing and disseminating NMR data for small molecules by several open source data processing tools and metabolomics reference spectral libraries, e.g., serving as storage format for the MetaboLights data repository. The nmrML open access data standard has been endorsed by the Metabolomics Standards Initiative (MSI), and we here encourage user participation and feedback to increase usability and make it a successful standard.

Hydrolysis Studies and Quantitative Determination of Aluminum Ions Using [superscript 27]Al NMR: An Undergraduate Analytical Chemistry Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curtin, Maria A.; Ingalls, Laura R.; Campbell, Andrew; James-Pederson, Magdalena

2008-01-01

This article describes a novel experiment focused on metal ion hydrolysis and the equilibria related to metal ions in aqueous systems. Using [superscript 27]Al NMR, the students become familiar with NMR spectroscopy as a quantitative analytical tool for the determination of aluminum by preparing a standard calibration curve using standard aluminum…

Experimental Determination of pK[subscript a] Values by Use of NMR Chemical Shifts, Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gift, Alan D.; Stewart, Sarah M.; Bokashanga, Patrick Kwete

2012-01-01

This laboratory experiment, using proton NMR spectroscopy to determine the dissociation constant for heterocyclic bases, has been modified from a previously described experiment. A solution of a substituted pyridine is prepared using deuterium oxide (D[subscript 2]O) as the solvent. The pH of the solution is adjusted and proton NMR spectra are…

Comparison of clients of a mobile health van and a traditional STD clinic.

PubMed

Ellen, Jonathan M; Bonu, Sekhar; Arruda, Jaime S; Ward, Michael A; Vogel, Ruth

2003-04-01

The objective of this study was to determine if there were any demographic, behavioral, and clinical differences between clients seen aboard a mobile sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV clinic compared with those seen in a traditional municipal STD/HIV health clinic for receipt of STD/HIV services. Clients seen in the two different settings were interviewed about demographic characteristics, reasons for their visit, STD history, their HIV/STD risk factors, and the risk factors of their sex partners. Clients in both settings were also offered testing for syphilis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, and HIV. Results suggested that clients seen at the mobile clinic were older, more likely to be injecting drug users themselves and/or to have sex partners who were, or had engaged in prostitution for money or drugs. Over half (54.4%) of the mobile clinic clients sought testing for HIV, and they were far less likely to be seeking care for symptoms of an STD. In contrast, only 7.1% of municipal clinic clients indicated HIV testing as the reason for their visit, whereas nearly two thirds (64.5%) reported symptoms of disease. Two percent of municipal clinic clients and 5.4% of mobile clinic clients had a positive HIV test ( p<.001), and 17.8% of STD clinic clients and 5.6% of mobile van clients had a positive gonorrhea and/or test ( p<.001). These data suggest that a mobile STD/HIV clinic may be an effective strategy to reach individuals at high risk for HIV who are not being served by traditional municipal STD/HIV health clinics.

The Importance of School Staff Referrals and Follow-Up in Connecting High School Students to HIV and STD Testing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasberry, Catherine N.; Liddon, Nicole; Adkins, Susan Hocevar; Lesesne, Catherine A.; Hebert, Andrew; Kroupa, Elizabeth; Rose, India D.; Morris, Elana

2017-01-01

This study examined predictors of having received HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing and having been referred by school staff for HIV/STD testing. In 2014, students in seven high schools completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, referrals for HIV/STD testing, and HIV/STD…

Predicting HIV/STD risk level and substance use disorders among incarcerated adolescents.

PubMed

Rowe, Cynthia L; Wang, Wei; Greenbaum, Paul; Liddle, Howard A

2008-12-01

Incarcerated adolescents are among the most vulnerable groups for STD infection, and substance abuse is prevalent in over half of this population. Substance abuse and HIV/STD-associated risk behaviors are closely linked among juvenile justice-involved youth, but it is unclear whether common antecedents explain these different problems. The current study examined predictors of HIV/STD risk level and substance use disorders, and investigated whether family variables added unique predictive variance for these problems among incarcerated youth. The sample included 154 substance-involved youth ages 13 to 17 recruited in detention facilities in Miami and Tampa, FL and was primarily male (82%) and African-American (58%). Using a comprehensive assessment strategy with data obtained from youth report, parent report, and laboratory confirmed STD testing, the results show that delinquency is a consistent predictor of both HIV/STD risk level and substance use disorders, and also that substance use directly predicts HIV/STD risk level among incarcerated adolescents. Consistent with previous research, family conflict is an important predictor of substance use disorders even after controlling for other factors. The results suggest the need for integrated family-based interventions addressing delinquency, substance abuse, and HIV/STD-associated risk factors with juvenile justice-involved adolescents.

Examining the themes of STD-related Internet searches to increase specificity of disease forecasting using Internet search terms.

PubMed

Johnson, Amy K; Mikati, Tarek; Mehta, Supriya D

2016-11-09

US surveillance of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) is often delayed and incomplete which creates missed opportunities to identify and respond to trends in disease. Internet search engine data has the potential to be an efficient, economical and representative enhancement to the established surveillance system. Google Trends allows the download of de-identified search engine data, which has been used to demonstrate the positive and statistically significant association between STD-related search terms and STD rates. In this study, search engine user content was identified by surveying specific exposure groups of individuals (STD clinic patients and university students) aged 18-35. Participants were asked to list the terms they use to search for STD-related information. Google Correlate was used to validate search term content. On average STD clinic participant queries were longer compared to student queries. STD clinic participants were more likely to report using search terms that were related to symptomatology such as describing symptoms of STDs, while students were more likely to report searching for general information. These differences in search terms by subpopulation have implications for STD surveillance in populations at most risk for disease acquisition.

Estimating the Size and Cost of the STD Prevention Services Safety Net.

PubMed

Gift, Thomas L; Haderxhanaj, Laura T; Torrone, Elizabeth A; Behl, Ajay S; Romaguera, Raul A; Leichliter, Jami S

2015-01-01

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is expected to reduce the number of uninsured people in the United States during the next eight years, but more than 10% are expected to remain uninsured. Uninsured people are one of the main populations using publicly funded safety net sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention services. Estimating the proportion of the uninsured population expected to need STD services could help identify the potential demand for safety net STD services and improve program planning. In 2013, an estimated 8.27 million people met the criteria for being in need of STD services. In 2023, 4.70 million uninsured people are expected to meet the criteria for being in need of STD services. As an example, the cost in 2014 U.S. dollars of providing chlamydia screening to these people was an estimated $271.1 million in 2013 and is estimated to be $153.8 million in 2023. A substantial need will continue to exist for safety net STD prevention services in coming years.

Estimating the Size and Cost of the STD Prevention Services Safety Net

PubMed Central

Haderxhanaj, Laura T.; Torrone, Elizabeth A.; Behl, Ajay S.; Romaguera, Raul A.; Leichliter, Jami S.

2015-01-01

The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is expected to reduce the number of uninsured people in the United States during the next eight years, but more than 10% are expected to remain uninsured. Uninsured people are one of the main populations using publicly funded safety net sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention services. Estimating the proportion of the uninsured population expected to need STD services could help identify the potential demand for safety net STD services and improve program planning. In 2013, an estimated 8.27 million people met the criteria for being in need of STD services. In 2023, 4.70 million uninsured people are expected to meet the criteria for being in need of STD services. As an example, the cost in 2014 U.S. dollars of providing chlamydia screening to these people was an estimated $271.1 million in 2013 and is estimated to be $153.8 million in 2023. A substantial need will continue to exist for safety net STD prevention services in coming years. PMID:26556931

Beyond Fourier.

PubMed

Hoch, Jeffrey C

2017-10-01

Non-Fourier methods of spectrum analysis are gaining traction in NMR spectroscopy, driven by their utility for processing nonuniformly sampled data. These methods afford new opportunities for optimizing experiment time, resolution, and sensitivity of multidimensional NMR experiments, but they also pose significant challenges not encountered with the discrete Fourier transform. A brief history of non-Fourier methods in NMR serves to place different approaches in context. Non-Fourier methods reflect broader trends in the growing importance of computation in NMR, and offer insights for future software development. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multiple acquisition of magic angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments using one receiver: Application to microcrystalline and membrane protein preparations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gopinath, T.; Veglia, Gianluigi

2015-04-01

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of proteins is a notoriously low-throughput technique. Relatively low-sensitivity and poor resolution of protein samples require long acquisition times for multidimensional NMR experiments. To speed up data acquisition, we developed a family of experiments called Polarization Optimized Experiments (POE), in which we utilized the orphan spin operators that are discarded in classical multidimensional NMR experiments, recovering them to allow simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D experiments, all while using conventional probes with spectrometers equipped with one receiver. POE allow the concatenation of multiple 2D or 3D pulse sequences into a single experiment, thus potentially combining all of the aforementioned advances, boosting the capability of ssNMR spectrometers at least two-fold without the addition of any hardware. In this perspective, we describe the first generation of POE, such as dual acquisition MAS (or DUMAS) methods, and then illustrate the evolution of these experiments into MEIOSIS, a method that enables the simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D spectra. Using these new pulse schemes for the solid-state NMR investigation of biopolymers makes it possible to obtain sequential resonance assignments, as well as distance restraints, in about half the experimental time. While designed for acquisition of heteronuclei, these new experiments can be easily implemented for proton detection and coupled with other recent advancements, such as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), to improve signal to noise. Finally, we illustrate the application of these methods to microcrystalline protein preparations as well as single and multi-span membrane proteins reconstituted in lipid membranes.

Multiple acquisition of magic angle spinning solid-state NMR experiments using one receiver: application to microcrystalline and membrane protein preparations.

PubMed

Gopinath, T; Veglia, Gianluigi

2015-04-01

Solid-state NMR spectroscopy of proteins is a notoriously low-throughput technique. Relatively low-sensitivity and poor resolution of protein samples require long acquisition times for multidimensional NMR experiments. To speed up data acquisition, we developed a family of experiments called Polarization Optimized Experiments (POE), in which we utilized the orphan spin operators that are discarded in classical multidimensional NMR experiments, recovering them to allow simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D experiments, all while using conventional probes with spectrometers equipped with one receiver. POE allow the concatenation of multiple 2D or 3D pulse sequences into a single experiment, thus potentially combining all of the aforementioned advances, boosting the capability of ssNMR spectrometers at least two-fold without the addition of any hardware. In this perspective, we describe the first generation of POE, such as dual acquisition MAS (or DUMAS) methods, and then illustrate the evolution of these experiments into MEIOSIS, a method that enables the simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D spectra. Using these new pulse schemes for the solid-state NMR investigation of biopolymers makes it possible to obtain sequential resonance assignments, as well as distance restraints, in about half the experimental time. While designed for acquisition of heteronuclei, these new experiments can be easily implemented for proton detection and coupled with other recent advancements, such as dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), to improve signal to noise. Finally, we illustrate the application of these methods to microcrystalline protein preparations as well as single and multi-span membrane proteins reconstituted in lipid membranes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Multiple Acquisition of Magic Angle Spinning Solid-State NMR Experiments Using One Receiver: Application to Microcrystalline and Membrane Protein Preparations

PubMed Central

Gopinath, T.; Veglia, Gianluigi

2015-01-01

Solid-State NMR spectroscopy of proteins is a notoriously low-throughput technique. Relatively low-sensitivity and poor resolution of protein samples require long acquisition times for multidimensional NMR experiments. To speed up data acquisition, we developed a family of experiments called Polarization Optimized Experiments (POE), in which we utilized the orphan spin operators that are discarded in classical multidimensional NMR experiments, recovering them to allow simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D experiments, all while using conventional probes with spectrometers equipped with one receiver. POEs allow the concatenation of multiple 2D or 3D pulse sequences into a single experiment, thus potentially combining all of the aforementioned advances, boosting the capability of ssNMR spectrometers at least two-fold without the addition of any hardware. In this Perspective, we describe the first generation of POEs, such as dual acquisition MAS (or DUMAS) methods, and then illustrate the evolution of these experiments into MEIOSIS, a method that enables the simultaneous acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D spectra. Using these new pulse schemes for the solid-state NMR investigation of biopolymers makes it possible to obtain sequential resonance assignments, as well as distance restraints, in about half the experimental time. While designed for acquisition of heteronuclei, these new experiments can be easily implemented for proton detection and coupled with other recent advancements, such as dynamic polarization, to improve signal to noise. Finally, we illustrate the application of these methods to microcrystalline protein preparations as well as single and multi-span membrane proteins reconstituted in lipid membranes. PMID:25797011

Integration of Surveillance for STDs, HIV, Hepatitis, and TB: A Survey of U.S. STD Control Programs.

PubMed

Dowell, Deborah; Gaffga, Nicholas H; Weinstock, Hillard; Peterman, Thomas A

2009-01-01

Integration of surveillance for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis, and tuberculosis (TB) may improve disease prevention and control. We determined the extent of surveillance integration in these programs, the benefits of integration, and barriers to increased integration. We e-mailed a survey to the 58 federally funded local and state STD control programs and followed up with phone interviews of nine program representatives. The response rate was 81%. Many had compared infections by population subgroup for STDs and HIV (89%), STDs and hepatitis (53%), or STDs and TB (28%). Most (74%) had examined co-infections with HIV and STDs at the individual level and entered STD and HIV surveillance data into the same database (54%). All respondents thought some integration would be useful. Many (72%) used integrated data to disseminate information or change program strategies. The most commonly reported barriers to integration were policies preventing work with HIV data (85%) and incompatible databases (59%). Most STD control programs in the United States have some experience integrating surveillance data, but the degree of integration varies widely. Specific barriers to further integration were identified. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention can help address these barriers by facilitating access to information and sharing technical solutions. Local and state programs can continue advancing surveillance integration by improving understanding of where integrated data are needed, increasing the use of available data, and pressing for appropriate and secure data sharing.

Recently arrested adolescents are at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases.

PubMed

Belenko, Steven; Dembo, Richard; Weiland, Doris; Rollie, Matthew; Salvatore, Christopher; Hanlon, Alexandra; Childs, Kristina

2008-08-01

Adolescent offenders may be at high risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). With previous research and interventions focused on incarcerated adolescents, data are needed on STD prevalence and risk factors among newly arrested youth released to the community, a far larger subgroup. Participants were recruited from all arrested youth processed at the Hillsborough County, Florida Juvenile Assessment Center during the last half of 2006 (506 males, 442 females). Participants voluntarily providing urine samples for drug testing as part of standard protocol were also consented to having their specimens split and tested for chlamydia and gonorrhea, using an FDA-approved nucleic acid amplification test. STD prevalence was similar to those previously reported among incarcerated adolescents: 11.5% tested positive for chlamydia, 4.2% for gonorrhea, and 13.2% for either or both infections. Prevalence was significantly higher among females: 19.2% of females had either or both infections compared with 10.5% of males. Prevalence was higher for 17 to 18 year olds (15.2% of males, 25.5% of females), blacks, detained youths, drug users, and those engaged in sexual risk behaviors. Previous STD testing experience was limited. The study indicated that a voluntary STD screening protocol is feasible for arrested youth entering the juvenile justice system, and these offenders are at high risk for STDs. Because most arrested youths are released back to the community, routine testing and treatment of recently arrested youths, and expanded access to risk reduction and prevention programs, can yield substantial public health benefits.

Citrus Quality Control: An NMR/MRI Problem-Based Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Erhart, Sarah E.; McCarrick, Robert M.; Lorigan, Gary A.; Yezierski, Ellen J.

2016-01-01

An experiment seated in an industrial context can provide an engaging framework and unique learning opportunity for an upper-division physical chemistry laboratory. An experiment that teaches NMR/MRI through a problem-based quality control of citrus products was developed. In this experiment, using a problem-based learning (PBL) approach, students…

Risk behaviors and sexually transmitted diseases in gay and heterosexual men attending an STD clinic in Tel Aviv, Israel: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Mor, Zohar; Shohat, Tamy; Goor, Yael; Dan, Michael

2012-03-01

The increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Israel during the last decade raises concerns regarding other sexuallytransmitted diseases (STD) in MSM, which are yet undetermined. To evaluate the STD burden among MSM and heterosexuals visiting the Tel Aviv walk-in STD clinic. Records of all male patients who attended the clinic once were reviewed to identify demographic characteristics, behavioral attributes, and test results. Between 2002 and 2008, 1064 MSM (22%) and 3755 heterosexuals (78%) visited the clinic once. Positivity rates in MSM for HIV, urethral Neisseria gonorrhoea and infectious syphilis were higher than in heterosexuals (2.5%, 2.5%. 0.7% vs. 0.6%, 1.3%, 0.3%, respectively), while urethral Chlamydia trachomatis was higher in heterosexuals than in MSM (2.7% and 1.4%, respectively). MSM tested in our clinic were younger than heterosexuals (P<0.001), more commonly circumcised (P=0.03) and Israeli-born (P<0.001), used substances during sex (P=0.04), and had prior STD (P<0.001), a greater number of sexual partners (P<0.001), and earlier sexual debut (P=0.02). The final multivariate results for MSM to be diagnosed with HIV/STD were greater number of sexual contacts, previous diagnosis with STD, and infrequent use of condom during anal intercourse. MSM visiting the Levinsky Clinic had higher rates of HIV/STD than heterosexual males, which correlated with their higher-risk behaviors. The unique characteristics of MSM found in our study, such as sex work, substance use, previous diagnosis of STD, multiple partners and inconsistent use of condom during anal sex should be addressed with innovative interventions to prevent STD/HIV in the gay community in Israel.

US Public Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinical Services in an Era of Declining Public Health Funding: 2013-14.

PubMed

Leichliter, Jami S; Heyer, Kate; Peterman, Thomas A; Habel, Melissa A; Brookmeyer, Kathryn A; Arnold Pang, Stephanie S; Stenger, Mark R; Weiss, Gretchen; Gift, Thomas L

2017-08-01

We examined the infrastructure for US public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinical services. In 2013 to 2014, we surveyed 331 of 1225 local health departments (LHDs) who either reported providing STD testing/treatment in the 2010 National Profile of Local Health Departments survey or were the 50 local areas with the highest STD cases or rates. The sample was stratified by jurisdiction population size. We examined the primary referral clinics for STDs, the services offered and the impact of budget cuts (limited to government funding only). Data were analyzed using SAS, and analyses were weighted for nonresponse. Twenty-two percent of LHDs cited a specialty STD clinic as their primary referral for STD services; this increased to 53.5% of LHDs when combination STD-family planning clinics were included. The majority of LHDs (62.8%) referred to clinics providing same-day services. Sexually transmitted disease clinics more frequently offered extragenital testing for chlamydia and/or gonorrhea (74.7%) and gonorrhea culture (68.5%) than other clinics (52.9%, 46.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). The majority of LHDs (61.5%) reported recent budget cuts. Of those with decreased budgets, the most common impacts were fewer clinic hours (42.8%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 24.4-61.2), reduced routine screening (40.2%; 95% CI, 21.7-58.8) and reductions in partner services (42.1%; 95% CI, 23.6-60.7). One quarter of those with reduced STD budgets increased fees or copays for clients. Findings demonstrate gaps and reductions in US public STD services including clinical services that play an important role in reducing disease transmission. Furthermore, STD clinics tended to offer more specialized STD services than other public clinics.

Structured settlement annuities, part 2: mortality experience 1967--95 and the estimation of life expectancy in the presence of excess mortality.

PubMed

Singer, R B; Schmidt, C J

2000-01-01

the mortality experience for structured settlement (SS) annuitants issued both standard (Std) and substandard (SStd) has been reported twice previously by the Society of Actuaries (SOA), but the 1995 mortality described here has not previously been published. We describe in detail the 1995 SS mortality, and we also discuss the methodology of calculating life expectancy (e), contrasting three different life-table models. With SOA permission, we present in four tables the unpublished results of its 1995 SS mortality experience by Std and SStd issue, sex, and a combination of 8 age and 6 duration groups. Overall results on mortality expected from the 1983a Individual Annuity Table showed a mortality ratio (MR) of about 140% for Std cases and about 650% for all SStd cases. Life expectancy in a group with excess mortality may be computed by either adding the decimal excess death rate (EDR) to q' for each year of attained age to age 109 or multiplying q' by the decimal MR for each year to age 109. An example is given for men age 60 with localized prostate cancer; annual EDRs from a large published cancer study are used at duration 0-24 years, and the last EDR is assumed constant to age 109. This value of e is compared with e from constant initial values of EDR or MR after the first year. Interrelations of age, sex, e, and EDR and MR are discussed and illustrated with tabular data. It is shown that a constant MR for life-table calculation of e consistently overestimates projected annual mortality at older attained ages and underestimates e. The EDR method, approved for reserve calculations, is also recommended for use in underwriting conversion tables.

Multidimensional family therapy HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention: an integrative family-based model for drug-involved juvenile offenders.

PubMed

Marvel, Francoise; Rowe, Cynthia L; Colon-Perez, Lissette; DiClemente, Ralph J; Liddle, Howard A

2009-03-01

Drug and juvenile justice involved youths show remarkably high rates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk behaviors. However, existing interventions aimed at reducing adolescent HIV risk behavior have rarely targeted these vulnerable young adolescents, and many approaches focus on individual-level change without attention to family or contextual influences. We describe a new, family-based HIV/ STD prevention model that embeds HIV/STD focused multifamily groups within an adolescent drug abuse and delinquency evidence-based treatment, Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT). The approach has been evaluated in a multisite randomized clinical trial with juvenile justice involved youths in the National Institute on Drug Abuse Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (www.cjdats.org). Preliminary baseline to 6-month outcomes are promising. We describe research on family risk and protective factors for adolescent problem behaviors, and offer a rationale for family-based approaches to reduce HIV/STD risk in this population. We describe the development and implementation of the Multidimensional Family Therapy HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention (MDFT-HIV/ STD) in terms of using multifamily groups and their integration in standard MDFT and also offers a clinical vignette. The potential significance of this empirically based intervention development work is high; MDFT-HIV/STD is the first model to address largely unmet HIV/STD prevention and sexual health needs of substance abusing juvenile offenders within the context of a family-oriented evidence-based intervention.

Developing a Motion Comic for HIV/STD Prevention for Young People Ages 15-24, Part 2: Evaluation of a Pilot Intervention.

PubMed

Willis, Leigh A; Kachur, Rachel; Castellanos, Ted J; Nichols, Kristen; Mendoza, Maria C B; Gaul, Zaneta J; Spikes, Pilgrim; Gamayo, Ashley C; Durham, Marcus D; LaPlace, Lisa; Straw, Julie; Staatz, Colleen; Buge, Hadiza; Hogben, Matthew; Robinson, Susan; Brooks, John; Sutton, Madeline Y

2018-03-01

In the United States, young people (ages 15-24 years) are disproportionately affected by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), due at least in part to inadequate or incorrect HIV/STD-related knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavioral intentions (KABI). Comic book narratives are a proven method of HIV/STD prevention communication to strengthen KABI for HIV/STD prevention. Motion comics, a new type of comic media, are an engaging and low-cost means of narrative storytelling. The objective of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a pilot six-episode HIV/STD-focused motion comic series to improve HIV/STD-related KABI among young people. We assessed change in HIV/STD knowledge, HIV stigma, condom attitudes, HIV/STD testing attitudes, and behavioral intentions among 138 participants in 15 focus groups immediately before and after viewing the motion comic series. We used paired t-tests and indicators of overall improvement to assess differences between surveys. We found a significant decrease in HIV stigma (p < .001) and increases in both HIV knowledge (p = .002) and behavioral intentions to engage in safe sex (p < .001). In summary, this motion comic intervention improved HIV/STD-related KABI of young adult viewers by reducing HIV stigma and increasing behavioral intentions to engage in safer sex. Our results demonstrate the promise of this novel intervention and support its use to deliver health messages to young people.

NMR spectroscopy of single sub-nL ova with inductive ultra-compact single-chip probes

PubMed Central

Grisi, Marco; Vincent, Franck; Volpe, Beatrice; Guidetti, Roberto; Harris, Nicola; Beck, Armin; Boero, Giovanni

2017-01-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy enables non-invasive chemical studies of intact living matter. However, the use of NMR at the volume scale typical of microorganisms is hindered by sensitivity limitations, and experiments on single intact organisms have so far been limited to entities having volumes larger than 5 nL. Here we show NMR spectroscopy experiments conducted on single intact ova of 0.1 and 0.5 nL (i.e. 10 to 50 times smaller than previously achieved), thereby reaching the relevant volume scale where life development begins for a broad variety of organisms, humans included. Performing experiments with inductive ultra-compact (1 mm2) single-chip NMR probes, consisting of a low noise transceiver and a multilayer 150 μm planar microcoil, we demonstrate that the achieved limit of detection (about 5 pmol of 1H nuclei) is sufficient to detect endogenous compounds. Our findings suggest that single-chip probes are promising candidates to enable NMR-based study and selection of microscopic entities at biologically relevant volume scales. PMID:28317887

Associations of a Sexually Transmitted Disease Diagnosis During a Relationship with Condom Use and Psychosocial Outcomes: (Short) Windows of Opportunity

PubMed Central

Magriples, Urania; Niccolai, Linda M.; Gordon, Derrick M.; Divney, Anna A.; Kershaw, Trace S.

2013-01-01

Few studies have examined whether and how receiving an sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis while in a romantic relationship relates to condom use and psychosocial sexual outcomes. Using dyadic data, we examined associations of a personal or a partner’s STD diagnosis during a relationship with condom use, monogamy intentions, condom intentions and attitudes, and STD susceptibility and communication. Because beliefs about how the STD was acquired may shape associations with behavior and cognitions, gender and suspecting that one’s partner had other sexual partners (i.e., partner concurrency) were examined as moderators. Participants were 592 individuals in 296 couples expecting a baby; 108 individuals had been diagnosed with an STD during the relationship. Personal STD diagnosis was unrelated to outcomes or was associated with increased risk. A partner’s diagnosis related to more positive condom intentions and attitudes. Among men who suspected concurrency, both a personal and a partner’s STD diagnosis were associated with less condom use. Receiving the STD diagnosis during pregnancy was associated with greater susceptibility and marginally greater condom use. Results suggest potential benefits of enhancing communication and encouraging joint risk reduction counseling among couples, engaging men more fully in preventive efforts, and capitalizing on the short window during which risk reduction occurs. PMID:23321987

The intersection of violence, substance use, depression, and STDs: testing of a syndemic pattern among patients attending an urban STD clinic.

PubMed

Senn, Theresa E; Carey, Michael P; Vanable, Peter A

2010-07-01

High rates of psychosocial and health problems have been identified among patients attending sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, who are disproportionately urban, have low income, and are racial/ethnic minorities. This study sought to determine whether these problems co-occurred and whether they indicated the presence of a syndemic. Patients (N = 1557, 46% female, 64% African American) attending an urban STD clinic completed a computerized survey assessing childhood sexual abuse (CSA), depressive symptoms, binge drinking, marijuana use, intimate partner violence (IPV), and sexual risk behavior. Medical records were reviewed to determine incident STD diagnosis. The psychosocial and health problems were interrelated. Endorsing more psychosocial problems was associated with a greater likelihood of having multiple sexual partners and STD diagnosis. Interactions between CSA and marijuana use and between CSA and IPV predicted STD diagnosis. Numerous psychosocial and health problems co-occur among urban STD clinic patients. There was some evidence of a syngergistic relationship (i.e., a syndemic) between these conditions, resulting in worsened sexual health outcomes. Health care needs to be multidisciplinary to address the multiple psychosocial and health problems faced by STD clinic patients. Research needs to identify factors that may underlie these comorbid conditions.

Standard symptom- and sexual history-based testing misses anorectal Chlamydia trachomatis and neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in swingers and men who have sex with men.

PubMed

van Liere, Geneviève A F S; Hoebe, Christian J P A; Niekamp, Anne-Marie; Koedijk, Femke D H; Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H T M

2013-04-01

Currently, individuals at risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are tested extragenitally only if indicated, most often when there is a history of self-reported symptoms or self-reported anal sex. The sensitivity of such selective symptom- and sexual history-based testing for detection of anorectal STD has not been determined. All men having sex with men (MSM) and swingers (heterosexual couples who have sex with other heterosexual couples and their self-identified heterosexual sex partners) attending our STD clinic (consults: n = 1690) from January 2010 until February 2011 were universally tested for urogenital, anorectal, and oropharyngeal Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections (STD). We compared STD prevalence at anorectal site based on universal versus selective testing. Sensitivity of selective symptom- and sexual history-based testing for anorectal STD was 52% for homosexual MSM, 40% for bisexual MSM, 43% for bisexual male swingers, 40% for heterosexual male swingers, and 47% for female swingers. Universal testing of STD clinic clients who were MSM and swingers yielded more than half of all anorectal STD infections and is more sensitive for identifying anorectal STD infections compared with selective testing. Universal testing may be a more effective strategy for interrupting the ongoing transmission in high-risk sexual networks.

Enhanced efficiency of solid-state NMR investigations of energy materials using an external automatic tuning/matching (eATM) robot.

PubMed

Pecher, Oliver; Halat, David M; Lee, Jeongjae; Liu, Zigeng; Griffith, Kent J; Braun, Marco; Grey, Clare P

2017-02-01

We have developed and explored an external automatic tuning/matching (eATM) robot that can be attached to commercial and/or home-built magic angle spinning (MAS) or static nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probeheads. Complete synchronization and automation with Bruker and Tecmag spectrometers is ensured via transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) signals. The eATM robot enables an automated "on-the-fly" re-calibration of the radio frequency (rf) carrier frequency, which is beneficial whenever tuning/matching of the resonance circuit is required, e.g. variable temperature (VT) NMR, spin-echo mapping (variable offset cumulative spectroscopy, VOCS) and/or in situ NMR experiments of batteries. This allows a significant increase in efficiency for NMR experiments outside regular working hours (e.g. overnight) and, furthermore, enables measurements of quadrupolar nuclei which would not be possible in reasonable timeframes due to excessively large spectral widths. Additionally, different tuning/matching capacitor (and/or coil) settings for desired frequencies (e.g. 7 Li and 31 P at 117 and 122MHz, respectively, at 7.05 T) can be saved and made directly accessible before automatic tuning/matching, thus enabling automated measurements of multiple nuclei for one sample with no manual adjustment required by the user. We have applied this new eATM approach in static and MAS spin-echo mapping NMR experiments in different magnetic fields on four energy storage materials, namely: (1) paramagnetic 7 Li and 31 P MAS NMR (without manual recalibration) of the Li-ion battery cathode material LiFePO 4 ; (2) paramagnetic 17 O VT-NMR of the solid oxide fuel cell cathode material La 2 NiO 4+δ ; (3) broadband 93 Nb static NMR of the Li-ion battery material BNb 2 O 5 ; and (4) broadband static 127 I NMR of a potential Li-air battery product LiIO 3 . In each case, insight into local atomic structure and dynamics arises primarily from the highly broadened (1-25MHz) NMR lineshapes that the eATM robot is uniquely suited to collect. These new developments in automation of NMR experiments are likely to advance the application of in and ex situ NMR investigations to an ever-increasing range of energy storage materials and systems. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced efficiency of solid-state NMR investigations of energy materials using an external automatic tuning/matching (eATM) robot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pecher, Oliver; Halat, David M.; Lee, Jeongjae; Liu, Zigeng; Griffith, Kent J.; Braun, Marco; Grey, Clare P.

2017-02-01

We have developed and explored an external automatic tuning/matching (eATM) robot that can be attached to commercial and/or home-built magic angle spinning (MAS) or static nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probeheads. Complete synchronization and automation with Bruker and Tecmag spectrometers is ensured via transistor-transistor-logic (TTL) signals. The eATM robot enables an automated "on-the-fly" re-calibration of the radio frequency (rf) carrier frequency, which is beneficial whenever tuning/matching of the resonance circuit is required, e.g. variable temperature (VT) NMR, spin-echo mapping (variable offset cumulative spectroscopy, VOCS) and/or in situ NMR experiments of batteries. This allows a significant increase in efficiency for NMR experiments outside regular working hours (e.g. overnight) and, furthermore, enables measurements of quadrupolar nuclei which would not be possible in reasonable timeframes due to excessively large spectral widths. Additionally, different tuning/matching capacitor (and/or coil) settings for desired frequencies (e.g.7Li and 31P at 117 and 122 MHz, respectively, at 7.05 T) can be saved and made directly accessible before automatic tuning/matching, thus enabling automated measurements of multiple nuclei for one sample with no manual adjustment required by the user. We have applied this new eATM approach in static and MAS spin-echo mapping NMR experiments in different magnetic fields on four energy storage materials, namely: (1) paramagnetic 7Li and 31P MAS NMR (without manual recalibration) of the Li-ion battery cathode material LiFePO4; (2) paramagnetic 17O VT-NMR of the solid oxide fuel cell cathode material La2NiO4+δ; (3) broadband 93Nb static NMR of the Li-ion battery material BNb2O5; and (4) broadband static 127I NMR of a potential Li-air battery product LiIO3. In each case, insight into local atomic structure and dynamics arises primarily from the highly broadened (1-25 MHz) NMR lineshapes that the eATM robot is uniquely suited to collect. These new developments in automation of NMR experiments are likely to advance the application of in and ex situ NMR investigations to an ever-increasing range of energy storage materials and systems.

23 CFR 710.501 - Early acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., requires the STD to demonstrate that: (1) Prior to acquisition, the STD made the certifications and determinations required by 23 U.S.C. 108(c)(2)(C) and (D); and (2) The STD obtained concurrence from the...

23 CFR 710.501 - Early acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., requires the STD to demonstrate that: (1) Prior to acquisition, the STD made the certifications and determinations required by 23 U.S.C. 108(c)(2)(C) and (D); and (2) The STD obtained concurrence from the...

Sexual Risk Behavior: HIV, STD, & Teen Pregnancy Prevention

MedlinePlus

... Connect Sexual Health STD Teen Pregnancy Sexual Risk Behaviors: HIV, STD, & Teen Pregnancy Prevention Recommend on Facebook ... No Fear Act OIG 1600 Clifton Road Atlanta , GA 30329-4027 USA 800-CDC-INFO (800-232- ...

Superoxygenated Water as an Experimental Sample for NMR Relaxometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nestle, Nikolaus; Dakkouri, Marwan; Rauscher, Hubert

2004-01-01

The increase in NMR relaxation rates as a result of dissolved paramagnetic species on the sample of superoxygenated drinking water is demonstrated. It is concluded that oxygen content in NMR samples is an important issue and can give rise to various problems in the interpretation of both spectroscopic and NMR imaging or relaxation experiments.

Numerical simulation of NQR/NMR: Applications in quantum computing.

PubMed

Possa, Denimar; Gaudio, Anderson C; Freitas, Jair C C

2011-04-01

A numerical simulation program able to simulate nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is presented, written using the Mathematica package, aiming especially applications in quantum computing. The program makes use of the interaction picture to compute the effect of the relevant nuclear spin interactions, without any assumption about the relative size of each interaction. This makes the program flexible and versatile, being useful in a wide range of experimental situations, going from NQR (at zero or under small applied magnetic field) to high-field NMR experiments. Some conditions specifically required for quantum computing applications are implemented in the program, such as the possibility of use of elliptically polarized radiofrequency and the inclusion of first- and second-order terms in the average Hamiltonian expansion. A number of examples dealing with simple NQR and quadrupole-perturbed NMR experiments are presented, along with the proposal of experiments to create quantum pseudopure states and logic gates using NQR. The program and the various application examples are freely available through the link http://www.profanderson.net/files/nmr_nqr.php. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

NASA-STD-3001, Space Flight Human-System Standard and the Human Integration Design Handbook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitmore, Mihriban; Boyer, Jennifer; Holubec, Keith

2012-01-01

NASA-STD-3001 Space Flight Human-System Standard Volume 1, Crew Health, Volume 2, Human Factors, Habitability and Environmental Health, and the Human Integration Design Handbook (HIDH) have replaced the Man-Systems Integration Standards (MSIS), NASA-STD-3000. For decades, NASA-STD-3000 was a significant contribution to human spaceflight programs and to human-systems integration. However, with research program and project results being realized, advances in technology, and the availability of new information in a variety of topic areas, the time had arrived to update this extensive suite of standards and design information. NASA-STD-3001, Volume 2 contains the Agency level standards from the human and environmental factors disciplines that ensure human spaceflight operations are performed safely, efficiently, and effectively. The HIDH is organized in the same sequence and serves as the companion document to NASA-STD-3001, Volume 2, providing a compendium of human spaceflight history and knowledge. The HIDH is intended to aid interpretation of NASA-STD-3001, Volume 2 standards and to provide guidance for requirement writers and vehicle and habitat designers. Keywords Human Factors, Standards, Environmental Factors, NASA

[Screening of sexually transmitted diseases in clinical and non-clinical settings in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil].

PubMed

de Codes, José Santiago; Cohen, Deborah Ann; de Melo, Neli Almeida; Teixeira, Guilherme Gonzaga; Leal, Alexandre dos Santos; Silva, Tiago de Jesus; de Oliveira, Miucha Pereira Rios

2006-02-01

The objectives were to study: (1) acceptance of STD screening in non-clinical settings for asymptomatic individuals; (2) risk factors and STD prevalence among individuals in non-clinical and clinical settings; and (3) non-clinical screening of asymptomatic populations as a feasible method for STD control. We recruited 139 males and 486 females between 18 and 30 years of age from a family planning clinic, schools, and community centers in low-income neighborhoods. We asked about STD symptoms and STD/HIV risk behaviors and tested the individuals for gonorrhea, Chlamydia, syphilis, and HIV. Except for HIV, women recruited directly from the community had higher STD rates than those who came in for care at the clinic. Screening in non-clinical settings in Brazil is feasible and has a high yield among young adults in low-income communities. Infected participants would likely never have otherwise sought care or been tested or treated. STD control efforts could be implemented in any site that can reach populations at risk and become a routine procedure in health care settings where people report for problems unrelated to STDs.

Rethinking Risk: Prospect Theory Application in Health Message Framing Research.

PubMed

Harrington, Nancy Grant; Kerr, Anna M

2017-02-01

Although prospect theory conceptualizes risk as uncertainty, health message framing research based on the theory typically conceptualizes risk as severity. This study reports the results of two experiments designed to explore these alternative conceptualizations of risk and their effect on health decision making. Participants (N 1  = 768, N 2  = 532) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that presented a hypothetical scenario of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) outbreak. The conditions were defined by message prompt (deadly vs. easily curable STD) and response option frame (gain vs. loss). Participants selected which of two programs (certain outcome vs. uncertain outcome) they would prefer to combat the outbreak. Across both experiments, participants expressed strong preferences for certain (low risk) outcomes in the gain-framed conditions and no preferences in the loss-framed conditions. These differences held regardless of the consequence severity of the scenario. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these results and offer directions for future research.

High-sensitivity NMR beyond 200,000 atmospheres of pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meier, T.; Reichardt, S.; Haase, J.

2015-08-01

Pressure-induced changes in the chemical or electronic structure of solids require pressures well into the Giga-Pascal (GPa) range due to the strong bonding. Anvil cell designs can reach such pressures, but their small and mostly inaccessible sample chamber has severely hampered NMR experiments in the past. With a new cell design that has a radio frequency (RF) micro-coil in the high pressure chamber, NMR experiments beyond 20 Giga-Pascal are reported for the first time. 1 H NMR of water shows sensitivity and resolution obtained with the cells, and 63 Cu NMR on a cuprate superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-δ) demonstrates that single-crystals can be investigated, as well. 115 In NMR of the ternary chalcogenide AgInTe2 discovers an insulator-metal transition with shift and relaxation measurements. The pressure cells can be mounted easily on standard NMR probes that fit commercial wide-bore magnets with regular cryostats for field- and temperature-dependent measurements ready for many applications in physics and chemistry.

Brivaracetam augments short-term depression and slows vesicle recycling.

PubMed

Yang, Xiaofeng; Bognar, Joseph; He, Tianyu; Mohammed, Mouhari; Niespodziany, Isabelle; Wolff, Christian; Esguerra, Manuel; Rothman, Steven M; Dubinsky, Janet M

2015-12-01

Brivaracetam (BRV) decreases seizure activity in a number of epilepsy models and binds to the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) with a higher affinity than the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam (LEV). Experiments were performed to determine if BRV acted similarly to LEV to induce or augment short-term depression (STD) under high-frequency neuronal stimulation and slow synaptic vesicle recycling. Electrophysiologic field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) recordings were made from CA1 synapses in rat hippocampal slices loaded with BRV or LEV during intrinsic activity or with BRV actively loaded during hypertonic stimulation. STD was examined in response to 5 or 40 Hz stimulus trains. Presynaptic release of FM1-43 was visualized using two-photon microscopy to assess drug effects upon synaptic vesicle mobilization. When hippocampal slices were incubated in 0.1-30 μm BRV or 30 μm-1 mm LEV for 3 h, the relative CA1 field EPSPs decreased over the course of a high-frequency train of stimuli more than for control slices. This STD was frequency- and concentration-dependent, with BRV being 100-fold more potent than LEV. The extent of STD depended on the length of the incubation time for both drugs. Pretreatment with LEV occluded the effects of BRV. Repeated hypertonic sucrose treatments and train stimulation successfully unloaded BRV from recycling vesicles and reversed BRVs effects on STD, as previously reported for LEV. At their maximal concentrations, BRV slowed FM1-43 release to a greater extent than in slices loaded with LEV during prolonged stimulation. BRV, similar to LEV, entered into recycling synaptic vesicles and produced a frequency-dependent decrement of synaptic transmission at 100-fold lower concentrations than LEV. In addition, BRV slowed synaptic vesicle mobilization more effectively than LEV, suggesting that these drugs may modify multiple functions of the synaptic vesicle protein SV2A to curb synaptic transmission and limit epileptic activity. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2015 International League Against Epilepsy.

Completing the circle: follow-up screening of STD patients in three clinics of the United States Indian Health Service.

PubMed

Reilley, B; Redd, J T; Giberson, S; Sunde, S; Cullen, T

2011-01-01

We reviewed charts of newly diagnosed STD patients in three health facilities to determine the proportion who received follow-up STD screening. In a 12-month period, the three facilities had 140 STD cases. STD screening was not indicated for 50 (36%) patients. Among the 90 remaining STD patients, 29 (32%) were screened and 61 (68%) not screened. Among non-screened patients, 36% (22/61) were tested, but outside the time parameters allowed by the audit. The remaining 64% (39/61) received no screening at all, and represented clinical missed opportunities; in this group, nearly all (95%) had chlamydia but were not screened for HIV or syphilis. Linking chlamydia patients with a screen for HIV and syphilis using a clinical reminder in the facilities' electronic health record (EHR) or other tool, would eliminate 95% of the missed opportunities in this sample.

Multiple acquisitions via sequential transfer of orphan spin polarization (MAeSTOSO): How far can we push residual spin polarization in solid-state NMR?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gopinath, T.; Veglia, Gianluigi

2016-06-01

Conventional multidimensional magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR (ssNMR) experiments detect the signal arising from the decay of a single coherence transfer pathway (FID), resulting in one spectrum per acquisition time. Recently, we introduced two new strategies, namely DUMAS (DUal acquisition Magic Angle Spinning) and MEIOSIS (Multiple ExperIments via Orphan SpIn operatorS), that enable the simultaneous acquisitions of multidimensional ssNMR experiments using multiple coherence transfer pathways. Here, we combined the main elements of DUMAS and MEIOSIS to harness both orphan spin operators and residual polarization and increase the number of simultaneous acquisitions. We show that it is possible to acquire up to eight two-dimensional experiments using four acquisition periods per each scan. This new suite of pulse sequences, called MAeSTOSO for Multiple Acquisitions via Sequential Transfer of Orphan Spin pOlarization, relies on residual polarization of both 13C and 15N pathways and combines low- and high-sensitivity experiments into a single pulse sequence using one receiver and commercial ssNMR probes. The acquisition of multiple experiments does not affect the sensitivity of the main experiment; rather it recovers the lost coherences that are discarded, resulting in a significant gain in experimental time. Both merits and limitations of this approach are discussed.

Alternating current circuit theory and pulsed NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gerstein, B. C.

1987-06-01

Pulsed NMR, by definition, deals with time varying excitations. These excitations, supplied by resonant circuits which provide a pulse of radiofrequency (frequencies in the megahertz region) power to a resonant circuit containing, among other things, a coil of wire, or inductor, in which a sample under investigation is placed for purposes of the nuclear magnetic resonance experiment. There are therefore two features of the pulse NMR experiment. First is the fact that we have available a source of continuous wave (CW) alternating current at some angular frequency, omega, measured in radians per second. This source is generally supplied by an ultrastable device called a frequency synthesizer. The second feature of the pulsed NMR experiment is that the sample is not continuously irradiated, but a pulse of radiofrequency oscillation is applied to the sample. This report discusses alternating current theory, resonant circuits and the equipment used in this experiment.

Nuclear magnetic resonance of laser-polarized noble gases in molecules, materials and organisms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Goodson, Boyd McLean

1999-12-01

Conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are fundamentally challenged by the insensitivity that stems from the ordinarily low spin polarization achievable in even the strongest NMR magnets. However, by transferring angular momentum from laser light to electronic and nuclear spins, optical pumping methods can increase the nuclear spin polarization of noble gases by several orders of magnitude, thereby greatly enhancing their NMR sensitivity. This dissertation is primarily concerned with the principles and practice of optically pumped nuclear magnetic resonance (OPNMR). The enormous sensitivity enhancement afforded by optical pumping noble gases can be exploited to permitmore » a variety of novel NMR experiments across many disciplines. Many such experiments are reviewed, including the void-space imaging of organisms and materials, NMR and MRI of living tissues, probing structure and dynamics of molecules in solution and on surfaces, and zero-field NMR and MRI.« less

A fast field-cycling device for high-resolution NMR: Design and application to spin relaxation and hyperpolarization experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiryutin, Alexey S.; Pravdivtsev, Andrey N.; Ivanov, Konstantin L.; Grishin, Yuri A.; Vieth, Hans-Martin; Yurkovskaya, Alexandra V.

2016-02-01

A device for performing fast magnetic field-cycling NMR experiments is described. A key feature of this setup is that it combines fast switching of the external magnetic field and high-resolution NMR detection. The field-cycling method is based on precise mechanical positioning of the NMR probe with the mounted sample in the inhomogeneous fringe field of the spectrometer magnet. The device enables field variation over several decades (from 100 μT up to 7 T) within less than 0.3 s; progress in NMR probe design provides NMR linewidths of about 10-3 ppm. The experimental method is very versatile and enables site-specific studies of spin relaxation (NMRD, LLSs) and spin hyperpolarization (DNP, CIDNP, and SABRE) at variable magnetic field and at variable temperature. Experimental examples of such studies are demonstrated; advantages of the experimental method are described and existing challenges in the field are outlined.

Cervical cancer screening among women who attend sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinics: background paper for 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines.

PubMed

Datta, S Deblina; Saraiya, Mona

2011-12-01

In April 2008, experts reviewed updates on sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention and treatment in preparation for the revision of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STD Treatment Guidelines. This included a review of cervical cancer screening in the STD clinical setting. Key questions were identified with assistance from an expert panel. Reviews of the literature were conducted using the PubMed computerized database and shared with the panel. Updated information was incorporated in the 2010 CDC STD Treatment Guidelines. We recommend that STD clinics offering cervical screening services screen and treat women according to guidelines by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the American Cancer Society, the US Preventive Services Task Force, and the American Society for Colposcopists and Cervical Pathologists. New to the 2010 guidelines are higher age for initiating cervical screening (age ≥ 21 years) and less frequent intervals of screening (at least every 3 years). New recommendations include new technologies, such as liquid-based cytology and high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA tests. Liquid-based technologies are not recommended over conventional testing. HPV DNA tests are recommended as adjunct tests and with new indications for use in cervical screening and management. Stronger recommendations were issued for STD clinics offering cervical screening services to have protocols in place for follow-up of test results and referral (eg, colposcopy). Important additions to the 2010 STD Treatment Guidelines include information on updated algorithms for screening and management of women and recommendations for use of liquid-based cytology and high-risk HPV testing.

A Network Analysis of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Online Hookup Sites Among Men Who Have Sex With Men.

PubMed

Chan, Philip A; Crowley, Christina; Rose, Jennifer S; Kershaw, Trace; Tributino, Alec; Montgomery, Madeline C; Almonte, Alexi; Raifman, Julia; Patel, Rupa; Nunn, Amy

2018-07-01

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are increasing among gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (MSM). Little is known about the use of websites and mobile phone applications to meet sexual partners ("hookup sites") and association with STD diagnoses. We performed a demographic and behavioral assessment of 415 MSM presenting to the Rhode Island STD clinic. Bivariate and multivariable analyses assessed associations between using hookup sites and testing positive for syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia. Venue-based affiliation networks were created to evaluate hookup sites and their association with STD diagnoses. Among 415 MSM, 78% reported meeting a partner online in the last 12 months, and 25% tested positive for at least one STD. Men who met partners online were more likely to be white (67% vs. 54%, P = 0.03) and have more than 10 lifetime partners (87% vs. 58%, P < 0.05). The most commonly used hookup sites included Grindr (78%), Scruff (35%), and Tinder (22%). In the multivariable analysis, only Scruff use was associated with testing positive for an STD (odds ratio, 2.28; 95% confidence interval, 1.09-4.94). However, among men who met partners online, 75% of men diagnosed as having an STD had met a sexual partner on Grindr, including 100% of those who were diagnosed as having gonorrhea. Use of hookup sites was nearly ubiquitous among MSM undergoing STD screening. Specific hookup sites were significantly associated with STD diagnoses among MSM. Greater efforts are needed to promote STD screening and prevention among MSM who meet partners online.

23 CFR 710.401 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... acquired property along the Interstate, the STD shall secure an approval from the FHWA for such change or use. The STD shall specify in the State's ROW operations manual, procedures for the rental, leasing... procedures if approved for use by the STD. ...

23 CFR 710.401 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... acquired property along the Interstate, the STD shall secure an approval from the FHWA for such change or use. The STD shall specify in the State's ROW operations manual, procedures for the rental, leasing... procedures if approved for use by the STD. ...

Use of NMR and NMR Prediction Software to Identify Components in Red Bull Energy Drinks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Andre J.; Shirzadi, Azadeh; Burrow, Timothy E.; Dicks, Andrew P.; Lefebvre, Brent; Corrin, Tricia

2009-01-01

A laboratory experiment designed as part of an upper-level undergraduate analytical chemistry course is described. Students investigate two popular soft drinks (Red Bull Energy Drink and sugar-free Red Bull Energy Drink) by NMR spectroscopy. With assistance of modern NMR prediction software they identify and quantify major components in each…

Acceleration of natural-abundance solid-state MAS NMR measurements on bone by paramagnetic relaxation from gadolinium-DTPA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mroue, Kamal H.; Zhang, Rongchun; Zhu, Peizhi; McNerny, Erin; Kohn, David H.; Morris, Michael D.; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy

2014-07-01

Reducing the data collection time without affecting the signal intensity and spectral resolution is one of the major challenges for the widespread application of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, especially in experiments conducted on complex heterogeneous biological systems such as bone. In most of these experiments, the NMR data collection time is ultimately governed by the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1). For over two decades, gadolinium(III)-DTPA (Gd-DTPA, DTPA = Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) has been one of the most widely used contrast-enhancement agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we demonstrate that Gd-DTPA can also be effectively used to enhance the longitudinal relaxation rates of protons in solid-state NMR experiments conducted on bone without significant line-broadening and chemical-shift-perturbation side effects. Using bovine cortical bone samples incubated in different concentrations of Gd-DTPA complex, the 1H T1 values were calculated from data collected by 1H spin-inversion recovery method detected in natural-abundance 13C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR experiments. Our results reveal that the 1H T1 values can be successfully reduced by a factor of 3.5 using as low as 10 mM Gd-DTPA without reducing the spectral resolution and thus enabling faster data acquisition of the 13C CPMAS spectra. These results obtained from 13C-detected CPMAS experiments were further confirmed using 1H-detected ultrafast MAS experiments on Gd-DTPA doped bone samples. This approach considerably improves the signal-to-noise ratio per unit time of NMR experiments applied to bone samples by reducing the experimental time required to acquire the same number of scans.

Acceleration of natural-abundance solid-state MAS NMR measurements on bone by paramagnetic relaxation from gadolinium-DTPA.

PubMed

Mroue, Kamal H; Zhang, Rongchun; Zhu, Peizhi; McNerny, Erin; Kohn, David H; Morris, Michael D; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy

2014-07-01

Reducing the data collection time without affecting the signal intensity and spectral resolution is one of the major challenges for the widespread application of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, especially in experiments conducted on complex heterogeneous biological systems such as bone. In most of these experiments, the NMR data collection time is ultimately governed by the proton spin-lattice relaxation times (T1). For over two decades, gadolinium(III)-DTPA (Gd-DTPA, DTPA=Diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid) has been one of the most widely used contrast-enhancement agents in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this study, we demonstrate that Gd-DTPA can also be effectively used to enhance the longitudinal relaxation rates of protons in solid-state NMR experiments conducted on bone without significant line-broadening and chemical-shift-perturbation side effects. Using bovine cortical bone samples incubated in different concentrations of Gd-DTPA complex, the (1)H T1 values were calculated from data collected by (1)H spin-inversion recovery method detected in natural-abundance (13)C cross-polarization magic angle spinning (CPMAS) NMR experiments. Our results reveal that the (1)H T1 values can be successfully reduced by a factor of 3.5 using as low as 10mM Gd-DTPA without reducing the spectral resolution and thus enabling faster data acquisition of the (13)C CPMAS spectra. These results obtained from (13)C-detected CPMAS experiments were further confirmed using (1)H-detected ultrafast MAS experiments on Gd-DTPA doped bone samples. This approach considerably improves the signal-to-noise ratio per unit time of NMR experiments applied to bone samples by reducing the experimental time required to acquire the same number of scans. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Geographic Information Systems and Data Confidentiality Guidelines in STD Programs.

PubMed

Bissette, Jennifer M; Stover, Jeffrey A; Newman, Lori M; Delcher, Philip Christopher; Bernstein, Kyle T; Matthews, Lindsey

2009-01-01

Advancements in technology, such as geographic information systems (GIS), expand sexually transmitted disease (STD) program capacity for data analysis and visualization, and introduce additional confidentiality considerations. We developed a survey to examine GIS use among STD programs and to better understand existing data confidentiality practices. A Web-based survey of eight to 22 questions, depending on program-specific GIS capacity, was e-mailed to all STD program directors through the National Coalition of STD Directors in November 2004. Survey responses were accepted until April 15, 2005. Eighty-five percent of the 65 currently funded STD programs responded to the survey. Of those, 58% used GIS and 54% used geocoding. STD programs that did not use GIS (42%) identified lack of training and insufficient staff as primary barriers. Mapping, spatial analyses, and targeting program interventions were the main reasons for geocoding data. Nineteen of the 25 programs that responded to questions related to statistical disclosure rules employed a numerator rule, and 56% of those used a variation of the "Rule of 5." Of the 28 programs that responded to questions pertaining to confidentiality guidelines, 82% addressed confidentiality of GIS data informally. Survey findings showed the increasing use of GIS and highlighted the struggles STD programs face in employing GIS and protecting confidentiality. Guidance related to data confidentiality and additional access to GIS software and training could assist programs in optimizing use of spatial data.

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Std fimbriae bind terminal alpha(1,2)fucose residues in the cecal mucosa.

PubMed

Chessa, Daniela; Winter, Maria G; Jakomin, Marcello; Bäumler, Andreas J

2009-02-01

The std operon encodes a fimbrial adhesin of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium that is required for attachment to intestinal epithelial cells and for cecal colonization in the mouse. To study the mechanism by which this virulence factor contributes to colonization we characterized its binding specificity. Std-mediated binding to human colonic epithelial (Caco-2) cells could be abrogated by removing N-linked glycans. Adherence of Std fimbriated S. Typhimurium to Caco-2 cells could be blocked by co-incubation with H type 2 oligosaccharide (Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) or by pretreatment of cells with alpha1-2 fucosidase. In contrast, pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with neuraminidase or co-incubation with the type 2 disaccharide precursor (Galbeta1-4GlcNAc) did not reduce adherence of Std fimbriated S. Typhimurium. Binding of purified Std fimbriae to Fucalpha1-2Galbeta1-4GlcNAc in a solid phase binding assay was competitively inhibited by Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), a lectin specific for Fucalpha1-2 moieties. Purified Std fimbriae and UEA both bound to a receptor localized in the mucus layer of the murine cecum. These data suggest that the std operon encodes an adhesin that binds an alpha1-2 fucosylated receptor(s) present in the cecal mucosa.

Assessing the effects of a sexually transmitted disease educational intervention on fraternity and sorority members' knowledge and attitudes toward safe sex behaviors.

PubMed

Goldsberry, Jennifer; Moore, Leslie; MacMillan, Deborah; Butler, Scott

2016-04-01

College years are a time young adults examine high-risk sexual behaviors, increasing their risk for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Fraternity/sorority membership has been identified as one factor contributing to increased risky sexual behavior in college students. This study measured the effectiveness of an educational intervention targeting STD prevention in fraternity and sorority members, and examined relationships between STD knowledge, attitudes, and demographics. A descriptive, correlational design was used. Pre- and posttest data were collected from fraternity and sorority members (N = 132). Instruments measured demographic characteristics, STD knowledge, and attitudes toward safe sex behaviors. There was a significant increase in STD knowledge from baseline (M = 13.03, SD = 6.5) to 1 week (M = 20.27, SD = 4.9) t (131) = -13.53, p = .000. Males were more likely to report attitudes toward risky sexual behavior rs(132) = .323, p = .000, and as knowledge increased, attitudes became more favorable to safe sex behaviors (pre-STD knowledge and preintervention attitudes, r(132) = -.249, p = .004; post-STD knowledge and postintervention attitudes, rs(132) = -.307, p = .000). Results support that brief STD educational interventions can increase STD knowledge. College health centers must aim to provide sexual health education to all students at every visit. ©2016 American Association of Nurse Practitioners.

Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium Std fimbriae bind terminal α (1,2)fucose residues in the cecal mucosa

PubMed Central

Chessa, Daniela; Winter, Maria G.; Jakomin, Marcello; Bäumler, Andreas J.

2013-01-01

SUMMARY The std operon encodes a fimbrial adhesin of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium that is required for attachment to intestinal epithelial cells and for cecal colonization in the mouse. To study the mechanism by which this virulence factor contributes to colonization we characterized its binding specificity. Std-mediated binding to human colonic epithelial (Caco-2) cells could be abrogated by removing N-linked glycans. Adherence of Std fimbriated S. Typhimurium to Caco-2 cells could be blocked by co-incubation with H type 2 oligosaccharide (Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc) or by pretreatment of cells with α1-2 fucosidase. In contrast, pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with neuraminidase or co-incubation with the type 2 disaccharide precursor (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) did not reduce adherence of Std fimbriated S. Typhimurium. Binding of purified Std fimbriae to Fucα1-2Galβ1-4GlcNAc in a solid phase binding assay was competitively inhibited by Ulex europaeus agglutinin-I (UEA-I), a lectin specific for Fucα1-2 moieties. Purified Std fimbriae and UEA both bound to a receptor localized in the mucus layer of the murine cecum. These data suggest that the std operon encodes an adhesin that binds an α1-2 fucosylated receptor(s) present in the cecal mucosa. PMID:19183274

Selective observation of charge storing ions in supercapacitor electrode materials.

PubMed

Forse, Alexander C; Griffin, John M; Grey, Clare P

2018-02-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has emerged as a useful technique for probing the structure and dynamics of the electrode-electrolyte interface in supercapacitors, as ions inside the pores of the carbon electrodes can be studied separately from bulk electrolyte. However, in some cases spectral resolution can limit the information that can be obtained. In this study we address this issue by showing how cross polarisation (CP) NMR experiments can be used to selectively observe the in-pore ions in supercapacitor electrode materials. We do this by transferring magnetisation from 13 C nuclei in porous carbons to nearby nuclei in the cations ( 1 H) or anions ( 19 F) of an ionic liquid. Two-dimensional NMR experiments and CP kinetics measurements confirm that in-pore ions are located within Ångströms of sp 2 -hybridised carbon surfaces. Multinuclear NMR experiments hold promise for future NMR studies of supercapacitor systems where spectral resolution is limited. Copyright © 2017 University of Cambridge. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Improving STD testing behavior among high-risk young adults by offering STD testing at a vocational school.

PubMed

Spauwen, Laura W L; Hoebe, Christian J P A; Brouwers, Elfi E H G; Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H T M

2011-09-30

Chlamydia trachomatis infection (CT) is the most prevalent bacterial STD. Sexually active adolescents and young adults are the main risk group for CT. However, STD testing rates in this group are low since exposed individuals may not feel at risk, owing-at least in part-to the infection's largely asymptomatic nature. Designing new testing environments that are more appealing to young people who are most at risk of acquiring chlamydia can be an important strategy to improve overall testing rates. Here we evaluate the effect of a school-based sexual health program conducted among vocational school students, aiming to obtain better access for counseling and enhance students' STD testing behavior. Adolescents (median age 19 years) attending a large vocational school were provided with sexual health education. Students filled in a questionnaire measuring CT risk and were offered STD testing. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we assessed differences between men and women in STD-related risk behavior, sexual problems, CT testing behavior and determinants of CT testing behavior. Of 345 participants, 70% were female. Of the 287 sexually active students, 75% were at high risk for CT; one third of women reported sexual problems. Of sexually active participants, 61% provided a self-administered specimen for STD testing. Independent determinants for testing included STD related symptoms and no condom use. All CT diagnoses were in the high-CT-risk group. In the high-risk group, STD testing showed an increased uptake, from 27% (previous self-reported test) to 65% (current test). CT prevalence was 5.7%. Vocational school students are a target population for versatile sexual health prevention. When provided with CT testing facilities and education, self selection mechanisms seemed to increase CT testing rate dramatically in this high-CT-risk population expressing sexual problems. Considering the relative ease of testing and treating large numbers of young adults, offering tests at a vocational school is feasible in reaching adolescents for STD screening. Although cost-effectiveness remains an issue counseling is effective in increasing test rates.

23 CFR 637.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... program. All factors that comprise the State transportation department's (STD) determination of the... which are performed in the STD's central laboratory would not be covered by an independent assurance... STD. As a minimum, the qualification program shall include provisions for checking test equipment and...

23 CFR 637.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... program. All factors that comprise the State transportation department's (STD) determination of the... which are performed in the STD's central laboratory would not be covered by an independent assurance... STD. As a minimum, the qualification program shall include provisions for checking test equipment and...

23 CFR 637.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... program. All factors that comprise the State transportation department's (STD) determination of the... which are performed in the STD's central laboratory would not be covered by an independent assurance... STD. As a minimum, the qualification program shall include provisions for checking test equipment and...

23 CFR 637.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... program. All factors that comprise the State transportation department's (STD) determination of the... which are performed in the STD's central laboratory would not be covered by an independent assurance... STD. As a minimum, the qualification program shall include provisions for checking test equipment and...

Ultrafast-based projection-reconstruction three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

PubMed

Mishkovsky, Mor; Kupce, Eriks; Frydman, Lucio

2007-07-21

Recent years have witnessed increased efforts toward the accelerated acquisition of multidimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (nD NMR) spectra. Among the methods proposed to speed up these NMR experiments is "projection reconstruction," a scheme based on the acquisition of a reduced number of two-dimensional (2D) NMR data sets constituting cross sections of the nD time domain being sought. Another proposition involves "ultrafast" spectroscopy, capable of completing nD NMR acquisitions within a single scan. Potential limitations of these approaches include the need for a relatively slow 2D-type serial data collection procedure in the former case, and a need for at least n high-performance, linearly independent gradients and a sufficiently high sensitivity in the latter. The present study introduces a new scheme that comes to address these limitations, by combining the basic features of the projection reconstruction and the ultrafast approaches into a single, unified nD NMR experiment. In the resulting method each member within the series of 2D cross sections required by projection reconstruction to deliver the nD NMR spectrum being sought, is acquired within a single scan with the aid of the 2D ultrafast protocol. Full nD NMR spectra can thus become available by backprojecting a small number of 2D sets, collected using a minimum number of scans. Principles, opportunities, and limitations of the resulting approach, together with demonstrations of its practical advantages, are here discussed and illustrated with a series of three-dimensional homo- and heteronuclear NMR correlation experiments.

An advanced NMR protocol for the structural characterization of aluminophosphate glasses.

PubMed

van Wüllen, Leo; Tricot, Grégory; Wegner, Sebastian

2007-10-01

In this work a combination of complementary advanced solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) strategies is employed to analyse the network organization in aluminophosphate glasses to an unprecedented level of detailed insight. The combined results from MAS, MQMAS and (31)P-{(27)Al}-CP-heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy (HETCOR) NMR experiments allow for a detailed speciation of the different phosphate and aluminate species present in the glass. The interconnection of these local building units to an extended three-dimensional network is explored employing heteronuclear dipolar and scalar NMR approaches to quantify P-O-Al connectivity by (31)P{(27)Al}-heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC), -rotational echo adiabatic passage double resonance (REAPDOR) and -HETCOR NMR as well as (27)Al{(31)P}-rotational echo double resonance (REDOR) NMR experiments, complemented by (31)P-2D-J-RESolved MAS NMR experiments to probe P-O-P connectivity utilizing the through bond scalar J-coupling. The combination of the results from the various NMR approaches enables us to not only quantify the phosphate units present in the glass but also to identify their respective structural environments within the three-dimensional network on a medium length scale employing a modified Q notation, Q(n)(m),(AlO)(x), where n denotes the number of connected tetrahedral phosphate, m gives the number of aluminate species connected to a central phosphate unit and x specifies the nature of the bonded aluminate species (i.e. 4, 5 or 6 coordinate aluminium).

The effect of depurinized milk draught diet on rat serum uric acid, lipid status and haematological parameters.

PubMed

Kocic, G; Pavlovic, R; Nikolic, G; Stojanovic, D; Jevtovic, T; Sokolovic, D; Cencic, A; Stojanovic, S; Jelic, M; Zivanovic, S

2012-08-01

Hyperuricaemia and gout are closely related, but hyperuricaemia is an independent risk factor for endothelial damage, autoinflammation and haemodynamic abnormalities. Milk, generally known as a 'purine-free diet', is an essential protein source for patients suffering from hyperuricaemia and gout. As milk still contains different purine ribonucleotides, the new product, depurinized milk, almost free of purine nucleotides and uric acid, was produced. The potential effect of depurinized milk diet on serum uric acid (SUA) level, lipid parameters and blood haematological parameters was explored in rats after 72 h and 15 days, in relation to standard laboratory chow or the untreated milk diet. The beneficial effect on SUA was achieved when depurinized milk draught was given instead of standard chow for 72 h [28.39 ± 4.76 μm; p < 0.001 vs. standard diet (STD) 47.6 ± 6.12, vs. untreated milk diet 31.55 ± 8.50; p < 0.05] or as a supplement for STD for 15 days experiment (35.38 ± 6.40 μm; p < 0.05 vs. STD only 48.05 ± 4.32; vs. untreated milk + STD 46.02 ± 9.48). Depurinized milk diet significantly decreased the low density lipoproteins/high density lipoproteins (LDL/HDL) ratio (p < 0.001), triglycerides (p < 0.05) and leucocyte count (p < 0.001), while both milk draughts enhanced haemoglobin concentration (p < 0.01). In conclusion, considering the detrimental effect of persisting hyperuricaemia, the depurinized milk draught may meet the demand of healthy dairy product for population under hyperuricaemic risk. © 2011 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Fast response and high sensitivity to microsaccades in a cascading-adaptation neural network with short-term synaptic depression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Wu-Jie; Zhou, Jian-Fang; Zhou, Changsong

2016-04-01

Microsaccades are very small eye movements during fixation. Experimentally, they have been found to play an important role in visual information processing. However, neural responses induced by microsaccades are not yet well understood and are rarely studied theoretically. Here we propose a network model with a cascading adaptation including both retinal adaptation and short-term depression (STD) at thalamocortical synapses. In the neural network model, we compare the microsaccade-induced neural responses in the presence of STD and those without STD. It is found that the cascading with STD can give rise to faster and sharper responses to microsaccades. Moreover, STD can enhance response effectiveness and sensitivity to microsaccadic spatiotemporal changes, suggesting improved detection of small eye movements (or moving visual objects). We also explore the mechanism of the response properties in the model. Our studies strongly indicate that STD plays an important role in neural responses to microsaccades. Our model considers simultaneously retinal adaptation and STD at thalamocortical synapses in the study of microsaccade-induced neural activity, and may be useful for further investigation of the functional roles of microsaccades in visual information processing.

Superstatistics model for T₂ distribution in NMR experiments on porous media.

PubMed

Correia, M D; Souza, A M; Sinnecker, J P; Sarthour, R S; Santos, B C C; Trevizan, W; Oliveira, I S

2014-07-01

We propose analytical functions for T2 distribution to describe transverse relaxation in high- and low-fields NMR experiments on porous media. The method is based on a superstatistics theory, and allows to find the mean and standard deviation of T2, directly from measurements. It is an alternative to multiexponential models for data decay inversion in NMR experiments. We exemplify the method with q-exponential functions and χ(2)-distributions to describe, respectively, data decay and T2 distribution on high-field experiments of fully water saturated glass microspheres bed packs, sedimentary rocks from outcrop and noisy low-field experiment on rocks. The method is general and can also be applied to biological systems. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

23 CFR 710.201 - State responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... REAL ESTATE Program Administration § 710.201 State responsibilities. (a) Organization. Each STD shall... responsibilities. (b) Program oversight. The STD shall have overall responsibility for the acquisition, management... Federal laws and regulations. (c) Right-of-way (ROW) operations manual. Each STD which receives funding...

23 CFR 637.207 - Quality assurance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... program. (a) Each STD's quality assurance program shall provide for an acceptance program and an independent assurance (IA) program consisting of the following: (1) Acceptance program. (i) Each STD's... STD shall establish a dispute resolution system. The dispute resolution system shall address the...

23 CFR 637.207 - Quality assurance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... program. (a) Each STD's quality assurance program shall provide for an acceptance program and an independent assurance (IA) program consisting of the following: (1) Acceptance program. (i) Each STD's... STD shall establish a dispute resolution system. The dispute resolution system shall address the...

23 CFR 637.207 - Quality assurance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... program. (a) Each STD's quality assurance program shall provide for an acceptance program and an independent assurance (IA) program consisting of the following: (1) Acceptance program. (i) Each STD's... STD shall establish a dispute resolution system. The dispute resolution system shall address the...

23 CFR 710.201 - State responsibilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... REAL ESTATE Program Administration § 710.201 State responsibilities. (a) Organization. Each STD shall... responsibilities. (b) Program oversight. The STD shall have overall responsibility for the acquisition, management... Federal laws and regulations. (c) Right-of-way (ROW) operations manual. Each STD which receives funding...

AIDS phobia: report of 4 cases.

PubMed

Ross, M W

1988-01-01

Psychological reactions to sexually transmissible disease (STD) infection are common, occurring in up to 85% of some patients with STDs: Hart has suggested that they are among the most common conditions encountered in venereology. Previous psychiatric disturbances in STD patients, however, are relatively uncommon and differ in both etiology and management from such psychological sequelae of STD infection, although both Catalan et al. and Fitzpatrick et al. report that in the United Kingdom, some 40% of STD clinic attenders had General Health Questionnaire scores indicating they were psychiatric cases.

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb197.spread_ds_3hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

3 hour fcst U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 002 10 m above ground VGRD 3 hour fcst V-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 003 2 m above ground TMP 3 hour fcst Temperature [K] std dev 004 2 m above ground SPFH 3 hour fcst Specific Humidity [kg/kg] std dev 005 10 m above ground WIND 3 hour fcst Wind Speed [m

Assigning the NMR Spectrum of Glycidol: An Advanced Organic Chemistry Exercise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helms, Eric; Arpaia, Nicholas; Widener, Melissa

2007-01-01

Various one- and two-dimensional NMR experiments have been found to be extremely useful for assigning the proton and carbon NMR spectra of glycidol. The technique provides extremely valuable information aiding in the complete assignment of the peaks.

Simultaneous acquisition for T2 -T2 Exchange and T1 -T2 correlation NMR experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montrazi, Elton T.; Lucas-Oliveira, Everton; Araujo-Ferreira, Arthur G.; Barsi-Andreeta, Mariane; Bonagamba, Tito J.

2018-04-01

The NMR measurements of longitudinal and transverse relaxation times and its multidimensional correlations provide useful information about molecular dynamics. However, these experiments are very time-consuming, and many researchers proposed faster experiments to reduce this issue. This paper presents a new way to simultaneously perform T2 -T2 Exchange and T1 -T2 correlation experiments by taking the advantage of the storage time and the two steps phase cycling used for running the relaxation exchange experiment. The data corresponding to each step is either summed or subtracted to produce the T2 -T2 and T1 -T2 data, enhancing the information obtained while maintaining the experiment duration. Comparing the results from this technique with traditional NMR experiments it was possible to validate the method.

Quartz Crystal Temperature Sensor for MAS NMR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simon, Gerald

1997-10-01

Quartz crystal temperature sensors (QCTS) were tested for the first time as wireless thermometers in NMR MAS rotors utilizing the NMR RF technique itself for exiting and receiving electro-mechanical quartz resonances. This new tool in MAS NMR has a high sensitivity, linearity, and precision. When compared to the frequently used calibration of the variable temperature in the NMR system by a solid state NMR chemical shift thermometer (CST), such as lead nitrate, QCTS shows a number of advantages. It is an inert thermometer in close contact with solid samples operating parallel to the NMR experiment. QCTS can be manufactured for any frequency to be near a NMR frequency of interest (typically 1 to 2 MHz below or above). Due to the strong response of the crystal, signal detection is possible without changing the tuning of the MAS probe. The NMR signal is not influenced due to the relative sharp crystal resonance, restricted excitation by finite pulses, high probeQvalues, and commonly used audio filters. The quadratic dependence of the temperature increase on spinning speed is the same for the QCTS and for the CST lead nitrate and is discussed in terms of frictional heat in accordance with the literature about lead nitrate and with the results of a simple rotor speed jump experiment with differently radial located lead nitrate in the rotor.

Can experiential-didactic training improve clinical STD practices?

PubMed

Dreisbach, Susan; Devine, Sharon; Fitch, John; Anderson, Teri; Lee, Terry; Rietmeijer, Cornelis; Corbett, Kitty K

2011-06-01

High rates of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) present an ongoing costly public health challenge. One approach to reduce STD transmission is to increase the number of clinicians adopting the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's STD Treatment Guidelines. This evaluation assesses the effectiveness of a 3-day experiential and didactic training to translate recommendations into practice by increasing clinician knowledge and skills and helping participants anticipate and overcome barriers to implementation. Between 2001 and 2004, 110 direct care clinicians from 10 states participated in one of 27 standardized 3-day interactive trainings offered by the Denver STD/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Prevention Training Center. STD/HIV knowledge and clinical skills were measured before, immediately after, and 6 months after training. Practice patterns were assessed before training and after 6 months. Structural barriers to implementation were identified 6 months post-training. Trainees demonstrated significant post-training gains in mean knowledge scores immediately post-training (P < 0.001) and 6 months post-training (P = 0.002). After 6 months, self-reported mean skill levels remained significantly improved compared to precourse (P < 0.05) for each of 27 skills including STD risk assessment, clinical examination, diagnosis, and treatment. Self-reported improvement in practice patterns was significant for 23 of 35 practices (P < 0.05) 6 months post-training. Participants indicated that inadequate time (52.9%), facilities/equipment (51.5%), and staffing (47.1%) interfered with implementation of recommended practices. Experiential-didactic STD/HIV training can modestly improve knowledge, clinical skills, and implementation of STD recommended practices 6 months after training. Further research is needed to identify the impact of improved clinical practices on STD/HIV transmission.

Missed opportunities for concurrent HIV-STD testing in an academic emergency department.

PubMed

Klein, Pamela W; Martin, Ian B K; Quinlivan, Evelyn B; Gay, Cynthia L; Leone, Peter A

2014-01-01

We evaluated emergency department (ED) provider adherence to guidelines for concurrent HIV-sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing within an expanded HIV testing program and assessed demographic and clinical factors associated with concurrent HIV-STD testing. We examined concurrent HIV-STD testing in a suburban academic ED with a targeted, expanded HIV testing program. Patients aged 18-64 years who were tested for syphilis, gonorrhea, or chlamydia in 2009 were evaluated for concurrent HIV testing. We analyzed demographic and clinical factors associated with concurrent HIV-STD testing using multivariate logistic regression with a robust variance estimator or, where applicable, exact logistic regression. Only 28.3% of patients tested for syphilis, 3.8% tested for gonorrhea, and 3.8% tested for chlamydia were concurrently tested for HIV during an ED visit. Concurrent HIV-syphilis testing was more likely among younger patients aged 25-34 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78, 2.10) and patients with STD-related chief complaints at triage (AOR=11.47, 95% CI 5.49, 25.06). Concurrent HIV-gonorrhea/chlamydia testing was more likely among men (gonorrhea: AOR=3.98, 95% CI 2.25, 7.02; chlamydia: AOR=3.25, 95% CI 1.80, 5.86) and less likely among patients with STD-related chief complaints at triage (gonorrhea: AOR=0.31, 95% CI 0.13, 0.82; chlamydia: AOR=0.21, 95% CI 0.09, 0.50). Concurrent HIV-STD testing in an academic ED remains low. Systematic interventions that remove the decision-making burden of ordering an HIV test from providers may increase HIV testing in this high-risk population of suspected STD patients.

[Willingness on accepting the short-message-service and factors related to HIV/STD testing among male STD clinic clients].

PubMed

Meng, Xiaojun; Zou, Huachun; Jia, Tianjian; Zhu, Chen; Chen, Xin; Zhang, Xuan

2015-12-01

To understand the willingness on acceptance of a short-messageservice (SMS) program provided for HIV/STD testing and the related factors, among male clients at the STD clinics in China. Convenience sampling method was used to select study subjects at a STD clinic in Wuxi, Jiangsu province. A questionnaire survey was conducted among the subjects to collect the information on socio-demographic characteristics and willingness of acceptance to the SMS. A total of 368 SMS subjects were surveyed, in which 75.5% expressed the willingness of acceptance, while 57.2% and 38.1% of them wanted to receive the short message every 3 months or 6 months, respectively. 53.8% of the respondents showed their willingness to share the news with their sexual partners about SMS and 44.8% of them would do the same to their friends. Data from the Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that those who had received senior high school or above education (aOR=3.632, 95%CI: 1.939-6.715) , having homosexual behavior (aOR = 1.973, 95%CI: 1.234-8.358) or those having received AIDS related intervention service in the past year (aOR=9.416, 95%CI: 4.822-18.309) were more likely to accept the SMS. SMS seemed to be acceptable among the male STD clinic clients in Wuxi, suggesting that it is feasible to conduct the SMS as a strategy to improve the HIV/STDs testing program at the STD clinics in the future. Promotion of SMS should be strengthened and the provision of general AIDS intervention service at the STD clinics should be established in order to make more STD clinic clients understand this SMS.

State laws related to billing third parties for healthcare services at public STD clinics in the United States.

PubMed

Cramer, Ryan; Loosier, Penny S; Krasner, Andee; Kawatu, Jennifer

2018-02-07

Health departments (HDs) cite state laws as barriers to billing third parties for sexually transmitted disease (STD) services, but the association between legal/policy barriers and third party HD billing has not been examined. This study investigates the relationship between laws that may limit HDs' ability to bill, clinic perceptions of billing barriers, and billing practices. Two surveys (1) clinic managers [N=246], 2) STD program managers [N=63]) conducted via a multi-regional needs assessment of federally funded HD clinics' capacity to bill for STD services, billing/reimbursement practices, and perceived barriers were combined with an analysis of state laws regarding third party billing for STD services. Statistical analyses examined relationships between laws that may limit HDs' ability to bill, clinic perceptions, and billing practices. Clinic managers reported clinics were less likely to bill Medicaid and other third parties in jurisdictions with a state law limiting their ability to bill compared to respondents who billed neither or one payer (OR=0.31, CI=0.10,0.97) and cited practical concerns as a primary barrier to billing (OR=2.83 CI=1.50,5.37). STD program managers' reports that staff believed STD services should be free (OR=0.34, CI=0.13, 0.90) was associated with not billing (not sure versus no resistance to billing); confidentiality concerns was not a reported barrier to billing among either sample. Practical concerns and clinic staff beliefs that STD services should be free emerged as possible barriers to billing, and laws less so. Attempts to initiate HD billing for STD services may benefit from staff education as well as addressing perceived legal barriers and staff concerns.

Trends in Receipt of Sexually Transmitted Disease Services Among Women 15 to 44 Years Old in the United States, 2002 to 2006–2010

PubMed Central

Haderxhanaj, Laura T.; Gift, Thomas L.; Loosier, Penny S.; Cramer, Ryan C.; Leichliter, Jami S.

2018-01-01

Background To describe recent trends in the receipt of sexually transmitted disease (STD) services among women (age, 15–44 years) from 2002 to 2006–2010 using the National Survey of Family Growth. Methods We analyzed trends in demographics, health insurance, and visit-related variables of women reporting receipt of STD services (counseling, testing, or treatment) in the past 12 months. We also analyzed trends in the source of STD services and the payment method used. Results Receipt of STD services reported by women in the past 12 months increased from 2002 (12.6%) to 2006–2010 (16.0%; P < 0.001). Receipt of services did not increase among adolescents (P = 0.592). Among women receiving STD services from a private doctor/HMO, the percentage with private insurance decreased over time (74.6%–66.8%), whereas the percentage with Medicaid increased (12.8%–19.7%; P = 0.020). For women receiving STD services at a public clinic or nonprimary care facility, there were no statistically significant differences by demographics, except that fewer adolescents but more young adults reported using a public clinic over time (P = 0.038). Among women who reported using Medicaid as payment, receipt of STD services at a public clinic significantly decreased (36.8%–25.4%; P = 0.019). For women who paid for STD services with private insurance, the only significant difference was an increase in having a copay over time (61.3%–70.1%; P = 0.012). Conclusions Despite a significant increase in receipt of STD services over time, many women at risk for STDs did not receive services including adolescents. In addition, we identified important shifts in payment methods during this time frame. PMID:24335746

Narrative Review: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Homeless Youth-What Do We Know About Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence and Risk?

PubMed

Caccamo, Alexandra; Kachur, Rachel; Williams, Samantha P

2017-08-01

Homelessness affects an estimated 1.6 million US youth annually. Compared with housed youth, homeless youth are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors, including inconsistent condom use, multiple sex partners, survival sex, and alcohol/drug use, putting them at increased sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk. However, there is no national estimate of STD prevalence among this population. We identified 10 peer-reviewed articles (9 unique studies) reporting STD prevalence among homeless US youth (2000-2015). Descriptive and qualitative analyses identified STD prevalence ranges and risk factors among youth. Eight studies reported specific STD prevalence estimates, mainly chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Overall STD prevalence among homeless youth ranged from 6% to 32%. STD rates for girls varied from 16.7% to 46%, and from 9% to 13.1% in boys. Most studies were conducted in the Western United States, with no studies from the Southeast or Northeast. Youths who experienced longer periods of homelessness were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Girls had lower rates of condom use and higher rates of STDs; boys were more likely to engage in anal and anonymous sex. Additionally, peer social networks contributed to protective effects on individual sexual risk behavior. Sexually transmitted disease prevalence estimates among homeless youth fluctuated greatly by study. Sexually transmitted disease risk behaviors are associated with unmet survival needs, length of homelessness, and influence of social networks. To promote sexual health and reduce STD rates, we need better estimates of STD prevalence, more geographic diversity of studies, and interventions addressing the behavioral associations identified in our review.

Narrative Review: Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Homeless Youth—What Do We Know About Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevalence and Risk?

PubMed Central

Caccamo, Alexandra; Kachur, Rachel; Williams, Samantha P.

2018-01-01

Background Homelessness affects an estimated 1.6 million US youth annually. Compared with housed youth, homeless youth are more likely to engage in high-risk behaviors, including inconsistent condom use, multiple sex partners, survival sex, and alcohol/drug use, putting them at increased sexually transmitted disease (STD) risk. However, there is no national estimate of STD prevalence among this population. Methods We identified 10 peer-reviewed articles (9 unique studies) reporting STD prevalence among homeless US youth (2000–2015). Descriptive and qualitative analyses identified STD prevalence ranges and risk factors among youth. Results Eight studies reported specific STD prevalence estimates, mainly chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis. Overall STD prevalence among homeless youth ranged from 6% to 32%. STD rates for girls varied from 16.7% to 46%, and from 9% to 13.1% in boys. Most studies were conducted in the Western United States, with no studies from the Southeast or Northeast. Youths who experienced longer periods of homelessness were more likely to engage in high-risk sexual behaviors. Girls had lower rates of condom use and higher rates of STDs; boys were more likely to engage in anal and anonymous sex. Additionally, peer social networks contributed to protective effects on individual sexual risk behavior. Conclusions Sexually transmitted disease prevalence estimates among homeless youth fluctuated greatly by study. Sexually transmitted disease risk behaviors are associated with unmet survival needs, length of homelessness, and influence of social networks. To promote sexual health and reduce STD rates, we need better estimates of STD prevalence, more geographic diversity of studies, and interventions addressing the behavioral associations identified in our review. PMID:28703725

Use of sexually transmitted disease risk assessment algorithms for selection of intrauterine device candidates.

PubMed

Morrison, C S; Sekadde-Kigondu, C; Miller, W C; Weiner, D H; Sinei, S K

1999-02-01

Sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are an important contraindication for intrauterine device (IUD) insertion. Nevertheless, laboratory testing for STD is not possible in many settings. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of risk assessment algorithms to predict STD and subsequent IUD-related complications among IUD candidates. Among 615 IUD users in Kenya, the following algorithms were evaluated: 1) an STD algorithm based on US Agency for International Development (USAID) Technical Working Group guidelines: 2) a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) algorithm for management of chlamydia; and 3) a data-derived algorithm modeled from study data. Algorithms were evaluated for prediction of chlamydial and gonococcal infection at 1 month and complications (pelvic inflammatory disease [PID], IUD removals, and IUD expulsions) over 4 months. Women with STD were more likely to develop complications than women without STD (19% vs 6%; risk ratio = 2.9; 95% CI 1.3-6.5). For STD prediction, the USAID algorithm was 75% sensitive and 48% specific, with a positive likelihood ratio (LR+) of 1.4. The CDC algorithm was 44% sensitive and 72% specific, LR+ = 1.6. The data-derived algorithm was 91% sensitive and 56% specific, with LR+ = 2.0 and LR- = 0.2. Category-specific LR for this algorithm identified women with very low (< 1%) and very high (29%) infection probabilities. The data-derived algorithm was also the best predictor of IUD-related complications. These results suggest that use of STD algorithms may improve selection of IUD users. Women at high risk for STD could be counseled to avoid IUD, whereas women at moderate risk should be monitored closely and counseled to use condoms.

Quantitative measurement of regional blood flow with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate bolus track NMR imaging in cerebral infarcts in rats: validation with the iodo[14C]antipyrine technique.

PubMed Central

Wittlich, F; Kohno, K; Mies, G; Norris, D G; Hoehn-Berlage, M

1995-01-01

NMR bolus track measurements were correlated with autoradiographically determined regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF). The NMR method is based on bolus infusion of the contrast agent gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate and high-speed T*2-sensitive NMR imaging. The first pass of the contrast agent through the image plane causes a transient decrease of the signal intensity. This time course of the signal intensity is transformed into relative concentrations of the contrast agent in each pixel. The mean transit time and relative blood flow and volume are calculated from such indicator dilution curves. We investigated whether this NMR technique correctly expresses the relative rCBF. The relative blood flow data, calculated from NMR bolus track experiments, and the absolute values of iodo[14C]antipyrine autoradiography were compared. A linear relationship was observed, indicating the proportionality of the transient NMR signal change with CBF. Excellent interindividual reproducibility of calibration constants is observed (r = 0.963). For a given NMR protocol, bolus track measurements calibrated with autoradiography after the experiment allow determination of absolute values for rCBF and regional blood volume. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:7892189

STD Uplink Complex. Satellite Technology Demonstration, Technical Report No. 0418.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Potter, James G.

The Health, Education, Telecommunications (HET) experiment, and the Federation of Rocky Mountain States have collaborated with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to provide health education and other community service broadcasts to rural areas of the Rocky Mountains. In order to access the signal of the ATS-6 (Applications…

EASY: a simple tool for simultaneously removing background, deadtime and acoustic ringing in quantitative NMR spectroscopy--part I: basic principle and applications.

PubMed

Jaeger, Christian; Hemmann, Felix

2014-01-01

Elimination of Artifacts in NMR SpectroscopY (EASY) is a simple but very effective tool to remove simultaneously any real NMR probe background signal, any spectral distortions due to deadtime ringdown effects and -specifically- severe acoustic ringing artifacts in NMR spectra of low-gamma nuclei. EASY enables and maintains quantitative NMR (qNMR) as only a single pulse (preferably 90°) is used for data acquisition. After the acquisition of the first scan (it contains the wanted NMR signal and the background/deadtime/ringing artifacts) the same experiment is repeated immediately afterwards before the T1 waiting delay. This second scan contains only the background/deadtime/ringing parts. Hence, the simple difference of both yields clean NMR line shapes free of artefacts. In this Part I various examples for complete (1)H, (11)B, (13)C, (19)F probe background removal due to construction parts of the NMR probes are presented. Furthermore, (25)Mg EASY of Mg(OH)2 is presented and this example shows how extremely strong acoustic ringing can be suppressed (more than a factor of 200) such that phase and baseline correction for spectra acquired with a single pulse is no longer a problem. EASY is also a step towards deadtime-free data acquisition as these effects are also canceled completely. EASY can be combined with any other NMR experiment, including 2D NMR, if baseline distortions are a big problem. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc.

"Cooking the sample": radiofrequency induced heating during solid-state NMR experiments.

PubMed

d'Espinose de Lacaillerie, Jean-Baptiste; Jarry, Benjamin; Pascui, Ovidiu; Reichert, Detlef

2005-09-01

Dissipation of radiofrequency (RF) energy as heat during continuous wave decoupling in solid-state NMR experiment was examined outside the conventional realm of such phenomena. A significant temperature increase could occur while performing dynamic NMR measurements provided the sample contains polar molecules and the sequence calls for relatively long applications of RF power. It was shown that the methyl flip motion in dimethylsulfone (DMS) is activated by the decoupling RF energy conversion to heat during a CODEX pulse sequence. This introduced a significant bias in the correlation time-temperature dependency measurement used to obtain the activation energy of the motion. By investigating the dependency of the temperature increase in hydrated lead nitrate on experimental parameters during high-power decoupling one-pulse experiments, the mechanisms for the RF energy deposition was identified. The samples were heated due to dissipation of the energy absorbed by dielectric losses, a phenomenon commonly known as "microwave" heating. It was thus established that during solid-state NMR experiments at moderate B0 fields, RF heating could lead to the heating of samples containing polar molecules such as hydrated polymers and inorganic solids. In particular, this could result in systematic errors for slow dynamics measurements by solid-state NMR.

23 CFR 710.503 - Protective buying and hardship acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... hardship acquisition. (a) General conditions. Prior to the STD obtaining final environmental approval, the STD may request FHWA agreement to provide reimbursement for advance acquisition of a particular parcel... the currently approved STIP; (2) The STD has complied with applicable public involvement requirements...

23 CFR 710.503 - Protective buying and hardship acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... hardship acquisition. (a) General conditions. Prior to the STD obtaining final environmental approval, the STD may request FHWA agreement to provide reimbursement for advance acquisition of a particular parcel... the currently approved STIP; (2) The STD has complied with applicable public involvement requirements...

23 CFR 710.503 - Protective buying and hardship acquisition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... hardship acquisition. (a) General conditions. Prior to the STD obtaining final environmental approval, the STD may request FHWA agreement to provide reimbursement for advance acquisition of a particular parcel... the currently approved STIP; (2) The STD has complied with applicable public involvement requirements...

[The practice guideline 'The STD consultation' from the Dutch College of General Practitioners; a response from the perspective of dermatology].

PubMed

Neumann, H A M

2005-08-06

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) constitute an important health problem in the Netherlands. Although there are several STD outpatient clinics, such facilities remain unavailable outside the larger cities. The members of the Dutch College of General Practitioners, who published the practice guideline on STD consultation, provide the majority of STD care. An important aspect of this guideline is the fact that GPs are able to assess the risk by taking a sexual history and then determine their own policy on additional investigations. This prevents the omission of investigations that would exclude an STD, but carries the risk, at least theoretically, that it may be missed. It is noteworthy that scabies is not discussed in these guidelines. The most important difference between the guidelines followed by dermatological/STD clinics throughout the Netherlands is the level of triage practiced by GPs. It seems that GPs have a well-thought out and responsible policy, which also merits attention from dermatologists/venereologists.

Age Differences in STDs, Sexual Behaviors, and Correlates of Risky Sex Among Sexually Experienced Adolescent African-American Females

PubMed Central

Brown, Jennifer L.; DiClemente, Ralph J.; Davis, Teaniese L.; Kottke, Melissa J.; Rose, Eve S.

2012-01-01

Objective To explore age differences in factors associated with positive sexually transmitted diseases (STD) status among a sample of African-American adolescent females. Methods Data were collected via ACASI from 701 African-American adolescent females (14–20 years) seeking services at reproductive health clinics. Adolescents provided self-collected vaginal swabs assayed using NAAT to assess the prevalence of three STDs. Results Younger adolescents (14–17 years) had significantly higher rates of STDs than older adolescents (18–20 years), but older adolescents had significantly higher levels of STD-associated risk behavior. In controlled analysis, having a casual sex partner was the only variable significantly associated with a positive STD test for younger adolescents, and prior history of STD and higher impulsivity were significantly associated with testing STD positive among older adolescents. Conclusions These findings suggest that developmentally tailored STD/HIV prevention interventions are needed for younger and older subgroups of adolescent females to help reduce their risk of infection. PMID:21933811

Hidden costs associated with venous thromboembolism: impact of lost productivity on employers and employees.

PubMed

Page, Robert L; Ghushchyan, Vahram; Gifford, Brian; Read, Richard Allen; Raut, Monika; Bookhart, Brahim K; Naim, Ahmad B; Damaraju, C V; Nair, Kavita V

2014-09-01

To determine productivity loss and indirect costs with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). Medical and pharmacy claims with short-term disability (STD) and long-term disability (LTD) claims from 2007 to 2010 were analyzed from the Integrated Benefits Institute's Health and Productivity Benchmarking (IBI-HPB) database (STD and LTD claims) and IMS LifeLink™ data (medical and pharmacy claims), which were indirectly linked using a weighting approach matching from IBI-HPB patients' demographic distribution. A total of 5442 DVT and 6199 PE claims were identified. Employees with DVT lost 57 STD and 440 LTD days per disability incident. The average per claim productivity loss from STD and LTD was $7414 and $58181, respectively. Employees with PE lost 56 STD and 364 LTD days per disability incident. The average per claim productivity loss from STD and LTD was $7605 and $48,751, respectively. Deep vein thrombosis and PE impose substantial economic burdens.

High-sensitivity NMR beyond 200,000 atmospheres of pressure.

PubMed

Meier, T; Reichardt, S; Haase, J

2015-08-01

Pressure-induced changes in the chemical or electronic structure of solids require pressures well into the Giga-Pascal (GPa) range due to the strong bonding. Anvil cell designs can reach such pressures, but their small and mostly inaccessible sample chamber has severely hampered NMR experiments in the past. With a new cell design that has a radio frequency (RF) micro-coil in the high pressure chamber, NMR experiments beyond 20 Giga-Pascal are reported for the first time. (1)H NMR of water shows sensitivity and resolution obtained with the cells, and (63)Cu NMR on a cuprate superconductor (YBa2Cu3O7-δ) demonstrates that single-crystals can be investigated, as well. (115)In NMR of the ternary chalcogenide AgInTe2 discovers an insulator-metal transition with shift and relaxation measurements. The pressure cells can be mounted easily on standard NMR probes that fit commercial wide-bore magnets with regular cryostats for field- and temperature-dependent measurements ready for many applications in physics and chemistry. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A qualitative study of rural black adolescents' perspectives on primary STD prevention strategies.

PubMed

Akers, Aletha Y; Gold, Melanie A; Coyne-Beasley, Tamera; Corbie-Smith, Giselle

2012-06-01

Primary STD prevention relies on five key strategies: practicing abstinence, choosing low-risk partners, discussing partners' sexual history, using condoms consistently and not having multiple partners. Few studies have examined all of these strategies simultaneously, and few have focused on rural black adolescents, whose rates of early sexual initiation and STDs are among the highest in the nation. In 2006, a sample of 37 black adolescents (20 female, 17 male) from two rural North Carolina counties participated in focus groups that explored their understanding of how primary prevention strategies reduce STD transmission, the common barriers they encounter in trying to adopt these strategies and the risk reduction strategies that they employ. Transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Adolescents understood how primary prevention strategies reduce STD transmission. However, they perceived sex as normal and abstinence as unlikely during adolescence. Furthermore, they considered the remaining primary prevention strategies difficult to implement because these strategies depend on partner cooperation and incorrectly assume that STD prevention is paramount when adolescents make sexual decisions. Adolescents reported using alternative strategies to reduce their STD risk; the most commonly used approaches were indirect assessments of partner characteristics (e.g., evaluating partners' physical appearance and sexual history) and STD testing (to identify and treat infections). Adolescents try to reduce their STD risk, but do so by using ineffective practices. Promoting primary prevention strategies requires helping adolescents to identify opportunities to successfully employ these strategies. Copyright © 2012 by the Guttmacher Institute.

23 CFR 635.105 - Supervising agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.105 Supervising agency. (a) The STD has responsibility... authorizing performance of the work by a local public agency or other Federal agency. The STD shall be... projects are completed in conformance with approved plans and specifications. (b) Although the STD may...

Feasibility of a Tailored Intervention Targeting STD-Related Behaviors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellis, Jeffery M.; Grimely, Diane M.; Alexander, Leah R.

2002-01-01

Investigated whether high risk populations would be receptive to tailored, multimedia interventions to promote adoption of health-protective behaviors related to sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention and control. Feedback from predominantly African American, urban participants aged 16-50 years, recruited from a STD clinic, indicated that…

23 CFR 635.104 - Method of construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... STD demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Division Administrator that some other method is more cost effective or that an emergency exists. The STD shall assure opportunity for free, open, and competitive... this chapter. Before such finding is made, the STD shall determine that the organization to undertake...

Client Preferences for STD/HIV Prevention Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hennessy, Michael; Mercier, Michele M.; Williams, Samantha P.; Arno, Janet N.

2002-01-01

Conducted a formative research study designed to elicit preferences for sexually transmitted disease (STD)/HIV prevention programs from clients at a midwestern STD clinic. Responses of 126 participants show preferences for mixed group or individual meetings with counselors, with extensive intervention less favored than single sessions. Discusses…

23 CFR 635.104 - Method of construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... STD demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Division Administrator that some other method is more cost effective or that an emergency exists. The STD shall assure opportunity for free, open, and competitive... this chapter. Before such finding is made, the STD shall determine that the organization to undertake...

23 CFR 635.105 - Supervising agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.105 Supervising agency. (a) The STD has responsibility... authorizing performance of the work by a local public agency or other Federal agency. The STD shall be... projects are completed in conformance with approved plans and specifications. (b) Although the STD may...

23 CFR 635.105 - Supervising agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.105 Supervising agency. (a) The STD has responsibility... authorizing performance of the work by a local public agency or other Federal agency. The STD shall be... projects are completed in conformance with approved plans and specifications. (b) Although the STD may...

23 CFR 635.104 - Method of construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... STD demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Division Administrator that some other method is more cost effective or that an emergency exists. The STD shall assure opportunity for free, open, and competitive... this chapter. Before such finding is made, the STD shall determine that the organization to undertake...

23 CFR 635.105 - Supervising agency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.105 Supervising agency. (a) The STD has responsibility... authorizing performance of the work by a local public agency or other Federal agency. The STD shall be... projects are completed in conformance with approved plans and specifications. (b) Although the STD may...

23 CFR 635.104 - Method of construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... STD demonstrates to the satisfaction of the Division Administrator that some other method is more cost effective or that an emergency exists. The STD shall assure opportunity for free, open, and competitive... this chapter. Before such finding is made, the STD shall determine that the organization to undertake...

STD education: challenge for the 80s.

PubMed

Kroger, F; Wiesner, P J

1981-04-01

Discussion focuses on 3 aspects of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) education: the need for and appropriateness of school-based STD education; some elements of timely, high quality STD education; and strategies for dealing constructively with controversy. More than half of the estimated 20 million STD victims in the US this year will be persons under age 25. Almost 1/4 will be victims of STD before they receive their high school diplomas. STD are the most pervasive, destructive, and expensive communicable disease problems facing American youth. If the twin criteria of true experimental design and of measuring appropriate outcomes are applied to published studies, then the effectiveness of classroom STD education has not as yet been properly evaluated. The evaluation criteria which should be applied to health education programs are uniquely based on nonacademic goals, that is, ultimate outcomes are generally not observable in the academic environment. The federal government has been virtually precluded from supporting or conducting appropriate behavioral studies because of laws protecting individual privacy, and most school systems are similarly restricted when it comes to asking students about their personal or family lives, of which sexual matters are among the most intimate. Programs designed according to accepted concepts of learning and decision making need to be implemented, even if their benefits must be regarded as potential, until such time as research obstacles can be resolved. STD education objectives should be drawn from the behaviors relevant to the prevention, acquisition, transmission, and disposition of an STD. The behaviors are organized into 5 behavioral sets and described here as decision steps: decisions about when, how, and with whom to engage in sexual behavior; decisions specific to health protection if sexual behavior includes genital contact; decisions in response to suspected illness; decisions in response to diagnosed disease; and decisions related to other people. Within each decision step are various alternative choices, some that enhance health and others that jeopardize it. Once behavioral objectives have been formulated, decisions about content should be directed toward predisposing, enabling, or reinforcing those behaviors. Emphasis should be on the following: risk reduction; recognition; response; referral; and responsible resource. No particular instructional methods possess inherent superiority. It is questionable whether young people derive a maximum benefit from STD instruction if they have not initially learned rudimentary physiological and sociological facts of sexual life and how to discuss such matters. School systems should not delay efforts to meet the 1990 goal of high quality, timely STD education for every child in the US. Guidelines for community leaders who plan education programs are listed.

Measurement of Solution Viscosity via Diffusion-Ordered NMR Spectroscopy (DOSY)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Weibin; Kagan, Gerald; Hopson, Russell; Williard, Paul G.

2011-01-01

Increasingly, the undergraduate chemistry curriculum includes nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Advanced NMR techniques are often taught including two-dimensional gradient-based experiments. An investigation of intermolecular forces including viscosity, by a variety of methods, is often integrated in the undergraduate physical and…

Single-Scan Multidimensional NMR Analysis of Mixtures at Sub-Millimolar Concentrations by using SABRE Hyperpolarization.

PubMed

Daniele, Valeria; Legrand, François-Xavier; Berthault, Patrick; Dumez, Jean-Nicolas; Huber, Gaspard

2015-11-16

Signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE) is a promising method to increase the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. However, SABRE-enhanced (1)H NMR signals are short lived, and SABRE is often used to record 1D NMR spectra only. When the sample of interest is a complex mixture, this results in severe overlaps for (1)H spectra. In addition, the use of a co-substrate, whose signals may obscure the (1) H spectra, is currently the most efficient way to lower the detection limit of SABRE experiments. Here, we describe an approach to obtain clean, SABRE-hyperpolarized 2D (1)H NMR spectra of mixtures of small molecules at sub-millimolar concentrations in a single scan. The method relies on the use of para-hydrogen together with a deuterated co-substrate for hyperpolarization and ultrafast 2D NMR for acquisition. It is applicable to all substrates that can be polarized with SABRE. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Optimized slice-selective 1H NMR experiments combined with highly accurate quantitative 13C NMR using an internal reference method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jézéquel, Tangi; Silvestre, Virginie; Dinis, Katy; Giraudeau, Patrick; Akoka, Serge

2018-04-01

Isotope ratio monitoring by 13C NMR spectrometry (irm-13C NMR) provides the complete 13C intramolecular position-specific composition at natural abundance. It represents a powerful tool to track the (bio)chemical pathway which has led to the synthesis of targeted molecules, since it allows Position-specific Isotope Analysis (PSIA). Due to the very small composition range (which represents the range of variation of the isotopic composition of a given nuclei) of 13C natural abundance values (50‰), irm-13C NMR requires a 1‰ accuracy and thus highly quantitative analysis by 13C NMR. Until now, the conventional strategy to determine the position-specific abundance xi relies on the combination of irm-MS (isotopic ratio monitoring Mass Spectrometry) and 13C quantitative NMR. However this approach presents a serious drawback since it relies on two different techniques and requires to measure separately the signal of all the carbons of the analyzed compound, which is not always possible. To circumvent this constraint, we recently proposed a new methodology to perform 13C isotopic analysis using an internal reference method and relying on NMR only. The method combines a highly quantitative 1H NMR pulse sequence (named DWET) with a 13C isotopic NMR measurement. However, the recently published DWET sequence is unsuited for samples with short T1, which forms a serious limitation for irm-13C NMR experiments where a relaxing agent is added. In this context, we suggest two variants of the DWET called Multi-WET and Profiled-WET, developed and optimized to reach the same accuracy of 1‰ with a better immunity towards T1 variations. Their performance is evaluated on the determination of the 13C isotopic profile of vanillin. Both pulse sequences show a 1‰ accuracy with an increased robustness to pulse miscalibrations compared to the initial DWET method. This constitutes a major advance in the context of irm-13C NMR since it is now possible to perform isotopic analysis with high relaxing agent concentrations, leading to a strong reduction of the overall experiment time.

Imidazole as a pH Probe: An NMR Experiment for the General Chemistry Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hagan, William J., Jr.; Edie, Dennis L.; Cooley, Linda B.

2007-01-01

The analysis describes an NMR experiment for the general chemistry laboratory, which employs an unknown imidazole solution to measure the pH values. The described mechanism can also be used for measuring the acidity within the isolated cells.

Cation Hydration Constants by Proton NMR: A Physical Chemistry Experiment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Robert L.; And Others

1988-01-01

Studies the polarization effect on water by cations and anions. Describes an experiment to illustrate the polarization effect of sodium, lithium, calcium, and strontium ions on the water molecule in the hydration spheres of the ions. Analysis is performed by proton NMR. (MVL)

ODIN-object-oriented development interface for NMR.

PubMed

Jochimsen, Thies H; von Mengershausen, Michael

2004-09-01

A cross-platform development environment for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is presented. It allows rapid prototyping of new pulse sequences and provides a common programming interface for different system types. With this object-oriented interface implemented in C++, the programmer is capable of writing applications to control an experiment that can be executed on different measurement devices, even from different manufacturers, without the need to modify the source code. Due to the clear design of the software, new pulse sequences can be created, tested, and executed within a short time. To post-process the acquired data, an interface to well-known numerical libraries is part of the framework. This allows a transparent integration of the data processing instructions into the measurement module. The software focuses mainly on NMR imaging, but can also be used with limitations for spectroscopic experiments. To demonstrate the capabilities of the framework, results of the same experiment, carried out on two NMR imaging systems from different manufacturers are shown and compared with the results of a simulation.

23 CFR 645.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... apply to reimbursement claimed by a State transportation department (STD) for costs incurred under an... cost-to-cure. (d) The FHWA's reimbursement to the STD will be governed by State law (or State... differs from this regulation, a determination shall be made by the STD subject to the concurrence of the...

STDs & HIV: A Guide for Today's Teens. 2nd Edition. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yarber, William L.

This curriculum represents the current approach to prevention education about sexually transmitted diseases (STD) for students in grades 7-12, combining health messages about STD, including HIV/AIDS, into one curriculum. The instructor's guide discusses adolescents' need for STD/HIV prevention education; presents information about the…

46 CFR 58.50-10 - Diesel fuel tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (USSG 18) 0.107 (USSG 12). Steel or iron 4 0.0747 (MfgStd 14) 0.1046 (MfgStd 12) 0.179 (MfgStd 7). 1 Gauges used are U.S. standard “USSG” for aluminum and nickel-copper and “MfgStd” for steel or iron. 2...

23 CFR 630.108 - Preparation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Project Authorization and Agreements § 630.108 Preparation of agreement. (a) The STD shall prepare a project agreement for each Federal-aid project. (b) The STD may develop the project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) A...

23 CFR 645.107 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.107 Eligibility. (a) When requested by the STD, Federal... made under one or more of the following conditions when: (1) The STD certifies that the utility has the... occupies privately or publicly owned land, including public road or street right-of-way, and the STD...

23 CFR 645.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... apply to reimbursement claimed by a State transportation department (STD) for costs incurred under an... cost-to-cure. (d) The FHWA's reimbursement to the STD will be governed by State law (or State... differs from this regulation, a determination shall be made by the STD subject to the concurrence of the...

23 CFR 630.108 - Preparation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Project Authorization and Agreements § 630.108 Preparation of agreement. (a) The STD shall prepare a project agreement for each Federal-aid project. (b) The STD may develop the project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) A...

46 CFR 58.50-10 - Diesel fuel tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (USSG 18) 0.107 (USSG 12). Steel or iron 4 0.0747 (MfgStd 14) 0.1046 (MfgStd 12) 0.179 (MfgStd 7). 1 Gauges used are U.S. standard “USSG” for aluminum and nickel-copper and “MfgStd” for steel or iron. 2...

23 CFR 630.108 - Preparation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Project Authorization and Agreements § 630.108 Preparation of agreement. (a) The STD shall prepare a project agreement for each Federal-aid project. (b) The STD may develop the project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) A...

23 CFR 645.119 - Alternate procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... section, the STD is to act in the relative position of the FHWA for reviewing and approving the... prerequisites for authorizing the utility to proceed with and complete the work. (b) The scope of the STD's... alternate procedure, the STD must file a formal application for approval by the FHWA. The application must...

23 CFR 645.119 - Alternate procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... section, the STD is to act in the relative position of the FHWA for reviewing and approving the... prerequisites for authorizing the utility to proceed with and complete the work. (b) The scope of the STD's... alternate procedure, the STD must file a formal application for approval by the FHWA. The application must...

23 CFR 630.108 - Preparation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Project Authorization and Agreements § 630.108 Preparation of agreement. (a) The STD shall prepare a project agreement for each Federal-aid project. (b) The STD may develop the project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) A...

23 CFR 645.119 - Alternate procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... section, the STD is to act in the relative position of the FHWA for reviewing and approving the... prerequisites for authorizing the utility to proceed with and complete the work. (b) The scope of the STD's... alternate procedure, the STD must file a formal application for approval by the FHWA. The application must...

23 CFR 645.107 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.107 Eligibility. (a) When requested by the STD, Federal... made under one or more of the following conditions when: (1) The STD certifies that the utility has the... occupies privately or publicly owned land, including public road or street right-of-way, and the STD...

23 CFR 645.119 - Alternate procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... section, the STD is to act in the relative position of the FHWA for reviewing and approving the... prerequisites for authorizing the utility to proceed with and complete the work. (b) The scope of the STD's... alternate procedure, the STD must file a formal application for approval by the FHWA. The application must...

23 CFR 645.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... apply to reimbursement claimed by a State transportation department (STD) for costs incurred under an... cost-to-cure. (d) The FHWA's reimbursement to the STD will be governed by State law (or State... differs from this regulation, a determination shall be made by the STD subject to the concurrence of the...

23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

23 CFR 710.505 - Real property donations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...-aid project may donate the property to the STD. Prior to accepting the property, the owner must be... be informed of his/her right to an appraisal of the property by a qualified appraiser, unless the STD... STD shall develop sufficient documentation to indicate compliance with paragraph (a) of this section...

23 CFR 645.107 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.107 Eligibility. (a) When requested by the STD, Federal... made under one or more of the following conditions when: (1) The STD certifies that the utility has the... occupies privately or publicly owned land, including public road or street right-of-way, and the STD...

23 CFR 645.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... apply to reimbursement claimed by a State transportation department (STD) for costs incurred under an... cost-to-cure. (d) The FHWA's reimbursement to the STD will be governed by State law (or State... differs from this regulation, a determination shall be made by the STD subject to the concurrence of the...

23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

23 CFR 710.505 - Real property donations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-aid project may donate the property to the STD. Prior to accepting the property, the owner must be... be informed of his/her right to an appraisal of the property by a qualified appraiser, unless the STD... STD shall develop sufficient documentation to indicate compliance with paragraph (a) of this section...

23 CFR 630.108 - Preparation of agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... PRECONSTRUCTION PROCEDURES Project Authorization and Agreements § 630.108 Preparation of agreement. (a) The STD shall prepare a project agreement for each Federal-aid project. (b) The STD may develop the project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) A...

23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

23 CFR 645.119 - Alternate procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... section, the STD is to act in the relative position of the FHWA for reviewing and approving the... prerequisites for authorizing the utility to proceed with and complete the work. (b) The scope of the STD's... alternate procedure, the STD must file a formal application for approval by the FHWA. The application must...

23 CFR 645.107 - Eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Relocations, Adjustments, and Reimbursement § 645.107 Eligibility. (a) When requested by the STD, Federal... made under one or more of the following conditions when: (1) The STD certifies that the utility has the... occupies privately or publicly owned land, including public road or street right-of-way, and the STD...

23 CFR 710.407 - Leasing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the United States Code, funds shall be covered by an agreement between the STD and lessee which... insurance to hold the State and the FHWA harmless, nondiscrimination, access by the STD and the FHWA for... otherwise specifically agreed to by the STD and the FHWA. (c) Proposed uses of real property shall conform...

23 CFR 645.103 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... apply to reimbursement claimed by a State transportation department (STD) for costs incurred under an... cost-to-cure. (d) The FHWA's reimbursement to the STD will be governed by State law (or State... differs from this regulation, a determination shall be made by the STD subject to the concurrence of the...

23 CFR 710.505 - Real property donations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...-aid project may donate the property to the STD. Prior to accepting the property, the owner must be... be informed of his/her right to an appraisal of the property by a qualified appraiser, unless the STD... STD shall develop sufficient documentation to indicate compliance with paragraph (a) of this section...

STDs & HIV: A Guide for Today's Teens. 2nd Edition. Student Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yarber, William L.

This student workbook describes a prevention education curriculum about sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including HIV/AIDS, discussing: "Why Learn About STD/HIV?"; "Objectives"; "Self-Test: Discovering What I Know - 1"; Self-Test: Discovering What I Believe - 1"; "STD/HIV Fact #1: The STD/HIV…

Assessing STD Partner Services in State and Local Health Departments.

PubMed

Cuffe, Kendra M; Leichliter, Jami S; Gift, Thomas L

2018-02-07

State and local health department STD programs provide several partner services to reduce disease transmission. Budget cuts and temporary staff reassignments for public health emergencies may affect the provision of partner services. Determining the impact of staffing reductions on STD rates and public health response should be further assessed.

A Study to Identify the Transitional Training Needs for United States Army Medical Residents

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-29

34 workshops in the earlv 1970s, the issues cOn tinleld to have onlv ma rg ina l interests from teach ing inst itut ions for nearlv a decade. In 1982, the...Perspectives ( PRO VIEWS): These were presentations typically given by senior physicians who occupy positions of considerable administrative...n) JCAHO std day PRO -VIFW! %td dev I NE-VIEWS std dev qPAD-VIEWS std dev CAREI std oev Family Pract 27 3.4074 0 95 35769 I 12 36296 095 35185 1.03 3

Inventory of File sref.t03z.pgrb212.spread_1hrly.grib2

Science.gov Websites

UGRD 1 hour fcst U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 002 10 m above ground VGRD 1 hour fcst V-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 003 1000 mb UGRD 1 hour fcst U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 004 850 mb UGRD 1 hour fcst U-Component of Wind [m/s] std dev 005 700 mb UGRD 1 hour fcst U-Component of Wind [m/s

The Importance of School Staff Referrals and Follow-Up in Connecting High School Students to HIV and STD Testing.

PubMed

Rasberry, Catherine N; Liddon, Nicole; Adkins, Susan Hocevar; Lesesne, Catherine A; Hebert, Andrew; Kroupa, Elizabeth; Rose, India D; Morris, Elana

2017-04-01

This study examined predictors of having received HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) testing and having been referred by school staff for HIV/STD testing. In 2014, students in seven high schools completed paper-and-pencil questionnaires assessing demographic characteristics, sexual behavior, referrals for HIV/STD testing, and HIV/STD testing. The analytic sample ( n = 11,303) was 50.7% female, 40.7% Hispanic/Latino, 34.7% Black/African American (non-Hispanic), and mean age was 15.86 ( SD = 1.22). After controlling for demographic characteristics, significant predictors of reporting having been tested for HIV or STDs were reporting having received a referral for HIV/STD testing (odds ratio [ OR] = 3.18; 95% CI = [2.14, 4.70]) and reporting staff following-up on the referral ( OR = 3.29; 95% CI = [1.31, 8.23]). Students reporting referrals had significantly higher odds of being male ( OR = 2.49; 95% CI = [1.70, 3.65]), "other" or multiracial (non-Hispanic; compared to White, non-Hispanic; OR = 2.72; 95% CI = [1.35, 5.46]), sexual minority ( OR = 3.80; 95% CI = [2.57, 5.62]), and sexually experienced ( OR = 2.58; 95% CI = [1.76, 3.795]). School staff referrals with follow-up may increase HIV/STD testing among students.

Effectiveness of an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention for adolescents when implemented by community-based organizations: a cluster-randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Jemmott, John B; Jemmott, Loretta S; Fong, Geoffrey T; Morales, Knashawn H

2010-04-01

We evaluated the effectiveness of an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention when implemented by community-based organizations (CBOs). In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 86 CBOs that served African American adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were randomized to implement either an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention whose efficacy has been demonstrated or a health-promotion control intervention. CBOs agreed to implement 6 intervention groups, a random half of which completed 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome was consistent condom use in the 3 months prior to each follow-up assessment, averaged over the follow-up assessments. Participants were 1707 adolescents, 863 in HIV/STD-intervention CBOs and 844 in control-intervention CBOs. HIV/STD-intervention participants were more likely to report consistent condom use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.84) than were control-intervention participants. HIV/STD-intervention participants also reported a greater proportion of condom-protected intercourse (beta = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.12) than did the control group. This is the first large, randomized intervention trial to demonstrate that CBOs can successfully implement an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention whose efficacy has been established.

Can variation in HIV/STD-related risk be explained by individual SES? Findings from female sex workers in a rural Chinese county.

PubMed

Fang, Xiaoyi; Li, Xiaoming; Yang, Hongmei; Hong, Yan; Stanton, Bonita; Zhao, Ran; Dong, Baiqing; Liu, Wei; Zhou, Yuejiao; Liang, Shaoling

2008-03-01

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) at a macro level because the majority of new cases of HIV infection in the world have been reported in underdeveloped or developing countries. However, empirical data on the relationship between individual SES and HIV/STD related risk have been mixed. Employing quantitative data from 454 female sex workers (FSWs), this study was designed to examine the profile of the study sample in terms of their individual SES, HIV/STD-related sexual risk across work locations with different social, cultural, and economic conditions; and to examine the relationship between work location and HIV-related risk behaviors, controlling for individual SES. We have shown in the current study that both SES and HIV/STD-related risk behaviors significantly differed by work location. However, the difference in individual SES was not sufficient to explain the difference of HIV/STD-related risk across the work locations. The findings underscore the need for effective prevention intervention efforts targeting FSWs in rural areas. Based on the findings, we also suggest that HIV/STD intervention efforts among FSWs should take the social and cultural contextual factors of their working environment (and sexual risks) into consideration.

Effectiveness of an HIV/STD Risk-Reduction Intervention for Adolescents When Implemented by Community-Based Organizations: A Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Jemmott, Loretta S.; Fong, Geoffrey T.; Morales, Knashawn H.

2010-01-01

Objectives. We evaluated the effectiveness of an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention when implemented by community-based organizations (CBOs). Methods. In a cluster-randomized controlled trial, 86 CBOs that served African American adolescents aged 13 to 18 years were randomized to implement either an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention whose efficacy has been demonstrated or a health-promotion control intervention. CBOs agreed to implement 6 intervention groups, a random half of which completed 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-up assessments. The primary outcome was consistent condom use in the 3 months prior to each follow-up assessment, averaged over the follow-up assessments. Results. Participants were 1707 adolescents, 863 in HIV/STD-intervention CBOs and 844 in control-intervention CBOs. HIV/STD-intervention participants were more likely to report consistent condom use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.06, 1.84) than were control-intervention participants. HIV/STD-intervention participants also reported a greater proportion of condom-protected intercourse (β = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.00, 0.12) than did the control group. Conclusions. This is the first large, randomized intervention trial to demonstrate that CBOs can successfully implement an HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention whose efficacy has been established. PMID:20167903

Anatomical brain difference of subthreshold depression in young and middle-aged individuals.

PubMed

Li, Jing; Wang, Zengjian; Hwang, JiWon; Zhao, Bingcong; Yang, Xinjing; Xin, Suicheng; Wang, Yu; Jiang, Huili; Shi, Peng; Zhang, Ye; Wang, Xu; Lang, Courtney; Park, Joel; Bao, Tuya; Kong, Jian

2017-01-01

Subthreshold depression (StD) is associated with substantial functional impairments due to depressive symptoms that do not fully meet the diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD). Its high incidence in the general population and debilitating symptoms has recently put it at the forefront of mood disorder research. In this study we investigated common volumetric brain changes in both young and middle-aged StD patients. Two cohorts of StD patients, young and middle-aged, ( n  = 57) and matched controls ( n  = 76) underwent voxel-based morphometry (VBM). VBM analysis found that: 1) compared with healthy controls, StD patients showed decreased gray matter volume (GMV) in the bilateral globus pallidus and precentral gyrus, as well as increased GMV in the left thalamus and right rostral anterior cingulate cortex/medial prefrontal cortex; 2) there is a significant association between Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale scores and the bilateral globus pallidus (negative) and left thalamus (positive); 3) there is no interaction between age (young vs. middle-age) and group (StD vs. controls). Our findings indicate significant VBM brain changes in both young and middle-aged individuals with StD. Individuals with StD, regardless of age, may share common neural characteristics.

Can variation in HIV/STD-related risk be explained by individual SES? Findings from female sex workers in a rural Chinese county

PubMed Central

Fang, Xiaoyi; Li, Xiaoming; Yang, Hongmei; Hong, Yan; Stanton, Bonita; Zhao, Ran; Dong, Baiqing; Liu, Wei; Zhou, Yuejiao; Liang, Shaoling

2007-01-01

Low socioeconomic status (SES) has been linked to HIV and sexually transmitted disease (STD) at a macro level because the majority of new cases of HIV infection in the world have been reported in underdeveloped or developing countries. However, empirical data on the relationship between individual SES and HIV/STD related risk have been mixed. Employing quantitative data from 454 female sex workers, this study was designed to examine the profile of the study sample in terms of their individual SES, HIV/STD-related sexual risk across work locations with different social, cultural and economic conditions; and examine the relationship between work location and HIV-related risk behaviors, controlling for individual SES. We have shown in the current study that both SES and HIV/STD-related risk behaviors significantly differed by work location. However, the difference in individual SES was not sufficient to explain the difference of HIV/STD-related risk across the work locations. The findings underscore the need for effective prevention intervention efforts targeting female sex workers in rural area. Based on the findings, we also suggest that HIV/STD intervention efforts among female sex workers should take the social and cultural contextual factors of their working environment (and sexual risks) into consideration. PMID:18350430

Operational performance of an STD control programme in Mwanza Region, Tanzania.

PubMed

Grosskurth, H; Mwijarubi, E; Todd, J; Rwakatare, M; Orroth, K; Mayaud, P; Cleophas, B; Buvé, A; Mkanje, R; Ndeki, L; Gavyole, A; Hayes, R; Mabey, D

2000-12-01

To describe important details of the design and operational features of the Mwanza sexually transmitted diseases (STD) control programme. To assess the feasibility of the intervention, the distribution of STD syndromes observed, the clinical effectiveness of syndromic STD case management, the utilisation of STD services by the population, and the quality of syndromic STD services delivered at rural health units. The intervention was integrated into rural primary healthcare (PHC) units. It comprised improved STD case management using the syndromic approach, facilitated by a regional programme office which ensured the training of health workers, a reliable supply of effective drugs, and regular support supervision. Five studies were performed to evaluate operational performance: (i) a survey of register books to collect data on patients presenting with STDs and reproductive tract infections (RTIs) to rural health units with improved STD services, (ii) a survey of register books from health units in communities without improved services, (iii) a survey of register books from referral clinics, (iv) a home based cross sectional study of STD patients who did not return to the intervention health units for follow up, (v) a cross sectional survey of reported STD treatment seeking behaviour in a random cohort of 8845 adults served by rural health units. During the 2 years of the Mwanza trial, 12,895 STD syndromes were treated at the 25 intervention health units. The most common syndromes were urethral discharge (67%) and genital ulcers (26%) in men and vaginal discharge (50%), lower abdominal tenderness (33%), and genital ulcers (13%) in women. Clinical treatment effectiveness was high in patients from whom complete follow up data were available, reaching between 81% and 98% after first line treatment and 97%-99% after first, second, and third line treatment. Only 26% of patients referred to higher levels of health care had presented to their referral institutions. During the trial period, data from the cohort showed that 12.8% of men and 8.6% of women in the intervention communities experienced at least one STD syndrome. Based on various approaches, utilisation of the improved health units by symptomatic STD patients in these communities was estimated at between 50% and 75%. During the first 6 months of intervention attendance at intervention units increased by 53%. Thereafter, the average attendance rate was about 25% higher than in comparison communities. Home visits to 367 non-returners revealed that 89% had been free of symptoms after treatment, but 28% became symptomatic again within 3 months of treatment. 100% of these patients reported that they had received treatment, but only 74% had been examined, only 57% had been given health education, and only 30% were offered condoms. Patients did not fully recall which treatment they had been given, but possibly only 63% had been treated exactly according to guidelines. This study demonstrated that it is feasible to integrate effective STD services into the existing PHC structure of a developing country. Improved services attract more patients, but additional educational efforts are needed to further improve treatment seeking behaviour. Furthermore, clear treatment guidelines, a reliable drug supply system, and regular supervision are critical. All efforts should be made to treat patients on the spot, without delay, as referral to higher levels of care led to a high number of dropouts. The syndromic approach to STD control should be supported by at least one reference clinic and laboratory per country to ensure monitoring of prevalent aetiologies, of the development of bacterial resistance, and of the effectiveness of the syndromic algorithms in use.

Bringing NMR and IR Spectroscopy to High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonjour, Jessica L.; Hass, Alisa L.; Pollock, David W.; Huebner, Aaron; Frost, John A.

2017-01-01

Development of benchtop, portable Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectrometers has opened up opportunities for creating university-high school partnerships that provide high school students with hands-on experience with NMR and IR instruments. With recent changes to the international baccalaureate chemistry…

Effects of CO2 injection and Kerogen Maturation on Low-Field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prasad, M.; Livo, K.

2017-12-01

Low-field Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is commonly used in petrophysical analysis of petroleum reservoir rocks. NMR experiments record the relaxation and polarization of in-situ hydrogen protons present in gaseous phases such as free-gas intervals and solution gas fluids, bulk fluid phases such as oil and aquifer intervals, and immovable fractions of kerogen and bitumen. Analysis of NMR relaxation spectra is performed to record how fluid composition, maturity, and viscosity change NMR experimental results. We present T1-T2 maps as thermal maturity of a water-saturated, sub-mature Woodford shale is increased at temperatures from 125 to 400 degrees Celsius. Experiments with applied fluid pressure in paraffinic mineral oil and DI water with varying fluid pH have been performed to mimic reservoir conditions in analysis of the relaxation of bulk fluid phases. We have recorded NMR spectra, T1-T2 maps, and fluid diffusion coefficients using a low-field (2 MHz) MagritekTM NMR. CO2 was injected at a pressure of 900 psi in an in house developed NMR pressure vessel made of torlon plastic. Observable 2D NMR shifts in immature kerogen formations as thermal maturity is increased show generation of lighter oils with increased maturity. CO2 injection leads to a decrease in bulk fluid relaxation time that is attributed to viscosity modification with gas presence. pH variation with increased CO2 presence were shown to not effect NMR spectra. From this, fluid properties have been shown to greatly affect NMR readings and must be taken into account for more accurate NMR reservoir characterization.

NMR data-driven structure determination using NMR-I-TASSER in the CASD-NMR experiment

PubMed Central

Jang, Richard; Wang, Yan

2015-01-01

NMR-I-TASSER, an adaption of the I-TASSER algorithm combining NMR data for protein structure determination, recently joined the second round of the CASD-NMR experiment. Unlike many molecular dynamics-based methods, NMR-I-TASSER takes a molecular replacement-like approach to the problem by first threading the target through the PDB to identify structural templates which are then used for iterative NOE assignments and fragment structure assembly refinements. The employment of multiple templates allows NMR-I-TASSER to sample different topologies while convergence to a single structure is not required. Retroactive and blind tests of the CASD-NMR targets from Rounds 1 and 2 demonstrate that even without using NOE peak lists I-TASSER can generate correct structure topology with 15 of 20 targets having a TM-score above 0.5. With the addition of NOE-based distance restraints, NMR-I-TASSER significantly improved the I-TASSER models with all models having the TM-score above 0.5. The average RMSD was reduced from 5.29 to 2.14 Å in Round 1 and 3.18 to 1.71 Å in Round 2. There is no obvious difference in the modeling results with using raw and refined peak lists, indicating robustness of the pipeline to the NOE assignment errors. Overall, despite the low-resolution modeling the current NMR-I-TASSER pipeline provides a coarse-grained structure folding approach complementary to traditional molecular dynamics simulations, which can produce fast near-native frameworks for atomic-level structural refinement. PMID:25737244

Effects of radiation damping for biomolecular NMR experiments in solution: a hemisphere concept for water suppression

PubMed Central

Ishima, Rieko

2016-01-01

Abundant solvent nuclear spins, such as water protons in aqueous solution, cause radiation damping in NMR experiments. It is important to know how the effect of radiation damping appears in high-resolution protein NMR because macromolecular studies always require very high magnetic field strengths with a highly sensitive NMR probe that can easily cause radiation damping. Here, we show the behavior of water magnetization after a pulsed-field gradient (PFG) using nutation experiments at 900 MHz with a cryogenic probe: when water magnetization is located in the upper hemisphere (having +Z component, parallel to the external magnetic field), dephasing of the magnetization by a PFG effectively suppresses residual water magnetization in the transverse plane. In contrast, when magnetization is located in the lower hemisphere (having −Z component), the small residual transverse component remaining after a PFG is still sufficient to induce radiation damping. Based on this observation, we designed 1H-15N HSQC experiments in which water magnetization is maintained in the upper hemisphere, but not necessarily along Z, and compared them with the conventional experiments, in which water magnetization is inverted during the t1 period. The result demonstrates moderate gain of signal-to-noise ratio, 0–28%. Designing the experiments such that water magnetization is maintained in the upper hemisphere allows shorter pulses to be used compared to the complete water flip-back and, thereby, is useful as a building block of protein NMR pulse programs in solution. PMID:27524944

A NMR experiment for simultaneous correlations of valine and leucine/isoleucine methyls with carbonyl chemical shifts in proteins.

PubMed

Tugarinov, Vitali; Venditti, Vincenzo; Marius Clore, G

2014-01-01

A methyl-detected 'out-and-back' NMR experiment for obtaining simultaneous correlations of methyl resonances of valine and isoleucine/leucine residues with backbone carbonyl chemical shifts, SIM-HMCM(CGCBCA)CO, is described. The developed pulse-scheme serves the purpose of convenience in recording a single data set for all Ile(δ1), Leu(δ) and Val(γ) (ILV) methyl positions instead of acquiring two separate spectra selective for valine or leucine/isoleucine residues. The SIM-HMCM(CGCBCA)CO experiment can be used for ILV methyl assignments in moderately sized protein systems (up to ~100 kDa) where the backbone chemical shifts of (13)C(α), (13)Cβ and (13)CO are known from prior NMR studies and where some losses in sensitivity can be tolerated for the sake of an overall reduction in NMR acquisition time.

Delay in Seeking Care for Sexually Transmitted Diseases in Young Men and Women Attending a Public STD Clinic.

PubMed

Malek, Angela M; Chang, Chung-Chou H; Clark, Duncan B; Cook, Robert L

2013-01-01

Delay in seeking care for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) has adverse consequences for both the individual and population. We sought to identify factors associated with delay in seeking care for STDs. Subjects included 300 young men and women (aged 15-24) attending an urban STD clinic for a new STD-related problem due to symptoms or referral for an STD screening. Subjects completed a structured interview that evaluated STD history, attitudes and beliefs about STDs, depression, substance use, and other factors possibly associated with delay. Delay was defined as waiting > 7 days to seek and obtain care for STDs. Nearly one-third of participants delayed seeking care for > 7 days. Significant predictors for delay included self-referral for symptoms as the reason for visit (OR 5.3, 95% CI: 2.58 - 10.98), and the beliefs "my partner would blame me if I had an STD" (OR 2.44, 95% CI: 1.30 - 4.60) and "it's hard to find time to get checked for STDs" (OR 3.62, 95% CI: 1.95 - 6.69), after adjusting for age, race, sex, and other factors. Agreeing with the statement "would use a STD test at home if one were available" was associated with a decrease in delay (OR 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09 - 0.60). Many young persons delay seeking care for STDs for a number of reasons. Strategies to improve STD care-seeking include encouragement of symptomatic persons to seek medical care more rapidly, reduction of social stigmas, and improved access to testing options.

Methods for Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Programs to Estimate the Health and Medical Cost Impact of Changes in Their Budget.

PubMed

Chesson, Harrell W; Ludovic, Jennifer A; Berruti, Andrés A; Gift, Thomas L

2018-01-01

The purpose of this article was to describe methods that sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs can use to estimate the potential effects of changes in their budgets in terms of disease burden and direct medical costs. We proposed 2 distinct approaches to estimate the potential effect of changes in funding on subsequent STD burden, one based on an analysis of state-level STD prevention funding and gonorrhea case rates and one based on analyses of the effect of Disease Intervention Specialist (DIS) activities on gonorrhea case rates. We also illustrated how programs can estimate the impact of budget changes on intermediate outcomes, such as partner services. Finally, we provided an example of the application of these methods for a hypothetical state STD prevention program. The methods we proposed can provide general approximations of how a change in STD prevention funding might affect the level of STD prevention services provided, STD incidence rates, and the direct medical cost burden of STDs. In applying these methods to a hypothetical state, a reduction in annual funding of US $200,000 was estimated to lead to subsequent increases in STDs of 1.6% to 3.6%. Over 10 years, the reduction in funding totaled US $2.0 million, whereas the cumulative, additional direct medical costs of the increase in STDs totaled US $3.7 to US $8.4 million. The methods we proposed, though subject to important limitations, can allow STD prevention personnel to calculate evidence-based estimates of the effects of changes in their budget.

Association Between Sexually Transmitted Diseases and Young Adults' Self-reported Abstinence

PubMed Central

DiClemente, Ralph J.; Danner, Fred; Crosby, Richard A.

2011-01-01

OBJECTIVE: Self-reported behavior has been the cornerstone of sexual health research and clinical practice, yet advances in sexually transmitted disease (STD) screening provide researchers with the opportunity to objectively quantify sexual risk behaviors. However, the extent to which young adults' laboratory-confirmed STD results and self-reported sexual behaviors are consistent has not been assessed in a nationally representative sample. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Data are derived from participants who completed wave 3 in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Young adults (N = 14 012) completed an audio computer-assisted self-interviewing survey and provided a urine specimen to detect the presence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and a polymerase chain reaction assay to detect Trichomonas vaginalis. RESULTS: More than 10% of young adults with a laboratory-confirmed positive STD result reported abstaining from sexual intercourse in the 12 months before assessment and STD testing. After controlling for several sociodemographic factors, self-reported sex (versus those who reported abstinence) in the previous 12 months was significantly associated with testing positive, but the odds of testing positive were only slightly more than twofold (adjusted odds ratio: 2.11 [95% confidence interval: 2.097–2.122]). CONCLUSIONS: Findings indicate discrepancy between young adults' positive STD status and self-reported sexual behavior. No significant correlates of discrepant reporting were identified. From a clinical standpoint, the discrepancies between STD positivity and self-reported sexual behavior observed in this nationally representative sample suggest that routine STD screening may be beneficial and necessary to reduce STD morbidity among young adults. PMID:21199852

78 FR 56708 - Announcement of Requirements and Registration for Game On!: HIV/STD Prevention Mobile Application...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... Requirements and Registration for Game On!: HIV/ STD Prevention Mobile Application (App) Video Game Challenge... Services (HHS) announces the launch of the Game On!: HIV/STD Prevention Mobile Application (App) Video Game Challenge. We invite video game developers to create an original, innovative, and highly entertaining game...

23 CFR 710.405 - Air rights on the Interstate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... airspace contemplated by a STD must assure that such occupancy, use, or reservation is in the public... 140, subparts E and H. (iv) Bikeways and pedestrian walkways as covered in 23 CFR part 652. (b) A STD may grant rights for temporary or permanent occupancy or use of Interstate system airspace if the STD...

23 CFR 635.122 - Participation in progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Federal funds will participate in the costs to the STD of construction accomplished as the work progresses... receiving payment from the STD; and (3) The quantity of a stockpiled material eligible for Federal... the contractor at a location not in the vicinity of the project, if the STD determines that because of...

23 CFR 630.110 - Modification of original agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... unless specifically authorized by statute. (b) The STD may develop the modification of project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) The... of officials from both the State and the FHWA and date executed. (c) The STD may use an electronic...

23 CFR 635.113 - Bid opening and bid tabulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... permitted. (b) The STD shall prepare and forward tabulations of bids to the Division Administrator. These tabulations shall be certified by a responsible STD official and shall show: (1) Bid item details for at least... opened and reviewed in accordance with the terms of the solicitation. The STD must use its own procedures...

23 CFR 630.110 - Modification of original agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... unless specifically authorized by statute. (b) The STD may develop the modification of project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) The... of officials from both the State and the FHWA and date executed. (c) The STD may use an electronic...

23 CFR 635.413 - Guaranty and warranty clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE General Material Requirements § 635.413 Guaranty and warranty clauses. The STD may... obligation on the contractor for items over which the contractor has no control. (d) A STD may follow its own...) Performance warranties for specific products on NHS projects may be used at the STD's discretion. If...

23 CFR 710.405 - Air rights on the Interstate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... airspace contemplated by a STD must assure that such occupancy, use, or reservation is in the public... 140, subparts E and H. (iv) Bikeways and pedestrian walkways as covered in 23 CFR part 652. (b) A STD may grant rights for temporary or permanent occupancy or use of Interstate system airspace if the STD...

23 CFR 635.413 - Guaranty and warranty clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE General Material Requirements § 635.413 Guaranty and warranty clauses. The STD may... obligation on the contractor for items over which the contractor has no control. (d) A STD may follow its own...) Performance warranties for specific products on NHS projects may be used at the STD's discretion. If...

23 CFR 635.122 - Participation in progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) Federal funds will participate in the costs to the STD of construction accomplished as the work progresses... receiving payment from the STD; and (3) The quantity of a stockpiled material eligible for Federal... the contractor at a location not in the vicinity of the project, if the STD determines that because of...

23 CFR 635.125 - Termination of contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... contract may be terminated because of circumstances beyond the control of the contractor. (b) The STD prior..., advertising, and award procedures are to be followed when a STD awards the contract for completion of a terminated Federal-aid contract. (d) When a STD awards the contract for completion of a Federal-aid contract...

23 CFR 635.115 - Agreement estimate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... prepared by the STD and submitted to the Division Administrator as soon as practicable for use in the... submitted by the STD for each force account project (see 23 CFR part 635, subpart B) when the plans and... estimated quantities and the unit prices agreed upon in advance between the STD and the Division...

23 CFR 635.413 - Guaranty and warranty clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE General Material Requirements § 635.413 Guaranty and warranty clauses. The STD may... obligation on the contractor for items over which the contractor has no control. (d) A STD may follow its own...) Performance warranties for specific products on NHS projects may be used at the STD's discretion. If...

23 CFR 635.113 - Bid opening and bid tabulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... permitted. (b) The STD shall prepare and forward tabulations of bids to the Division Administrator. These tabulations shall be certified by a responsible STD official and shall show: (1) Bid item details for at least... opened and reviewed in accordance with the terms of the solicitation. The STD must use its own procedures...

23 CFR 635.113 - Bid opening and bid tabulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... permitted. (b) The STD shall prepare and forward tabulations of bids to the Division Administrator. These tabulations shall be certified by a responsible STD official and shall show: (1) Bid item details for at least... opened and reviewed in accordance with the terms of the solicitation. The STD must use its own procedures...

23 CFR 635.113 - Bid opening and bid tabulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... permitted. (b) The STD shall prepare and forward tabulations of bids to the Division Administrator. These tabulations shall be certified by a responsible STD official and shall show: (1) Bid item details for at least... opened and reviewed in accordance with the terms of the solicitation. The STD must use its own procedures...

23 CFR 635.122 - Participation in progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Federal funds will participate in the costs to the STD of construction accomplished as the work progresses... receiving payment from the STD; and (3) The quantity of a stockpiled material eligible for Federal... the contractor at a location not in the vicinity of the project, if the STD determines that because of...

23 CFR 630.110 - Modification of original agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... unless specifically authorized by statute. (b) The STD may develop the modification of project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) The... of officials from both the State and the FHWA and date executed. (c) The STD may use an electronic...

23 CFR 635.122 - Participation in progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Federal funds will participate in the costs to the STD of construction accomplished as the work progresses... receiving payment from the STD; and (3) The quantity of a stockpiled material eligible for Federal... the contractor at a location not in the vicinity of the project, if the STD determines that because of...

15 CFR 272.3 - Approved markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... approved by the Secretary of Commerce: (a) A blaze orange (Fed-Std-595B 12199) or orange color brighter... from the muzzle end of the barrel. (b) A blaze orange (Fed-Std-595B 12199) or orange color brighter..., December 1989, color number 12199 (Fed-Std-595B 12199), may be obtained from the General Services...

23 CFR 635.115 - Agreement estimate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... prepared by the STD and submitted to the Division Administrator as soon as practicable for use in the... submitted by the STD for each force account project (see 23 CFR part 635, subpart B) when the plans and... estimated quantities and the unit prices agreed upon in advance between the STD and the Division...

23 CFR 635.125 - Termination of contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... contract may be terminated because of circumstances beyond the control of the contractor. (b) The STD prior..., advertising, and award procedures are to be followed when a STD awards the contract for completion of a terminated Federal-aid contract. (d) When a STD awards the contract for completion of a Federal-aid contract...

23 CFR 635.125 - Termination of contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... contract may be terminated because of circumstances beyond the control of the contractor. (b) The STD prior..., advertising, and award procedures are to be followed when a STD awards the contract for completion of a terminated Federal-aid contract. (d) When a STD awards the contract for completion of a Federal-aid contract...

23 CFR 710.405 - Air rights on the Interstate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... airspace contemplated by a STD must assure that such occupancy, use, or reservation is in the public... 140, subparts E and H. (iv) Bikeways and pedestrian walkways as covered in 23 CFR part 652. (b) A STD may grant rights for temporary or permanent occupancy or use of Interstate system airspace if the STD...

23 CFR 635.115 - Agreement estimate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... prepared by the STD and submitted to the Division Administrator as soon as practicable for use in the... submitted by the STD for each force account project (see 23 CFR part 635, subpart B) when the plans and... estimated quantities and the unit prices agreed upon in advance between the STD and the Division...

23 CFR 630.110 - Modification of original agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... unless specifically authorized by statute. (b) The STD may develop the modification of project agreement in a format acceptable to both the STD and the FHWA provided the following are included: (1) The... of officials from both the State and the FHWA and date executed. (c) The STD may use an electronic...

23 CFR 635.413 - Guaranty and warranty clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE General Material Requirements § 635.413 Guaranty and warranty clauses. The STD may... obligation on the contractor for items over which the contractor has no control. (d) A STD may follow its own...) Performance warranties for specific products on NHS projects may be used at the STD's discretion. If...

23 CFR 635.125 - Termination of contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... contract may be terminated because of circumstances beyond the control of the contractor. (b) The STD prior..., advertising, and award procedures are to be followed when a STD awards the contract for completion of a terminated Federal-aid contract. (d) When a STD awards the contract for completion of a Federal-aid contract...

std::string Append

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

UNCLASSIFIED AD-E403 689 Technical Report ARWSE-TR-14026 STD::STRING APPEND Tom Nealis...DATES COVERED (From – To) 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE STD::STRING APPEND 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6...DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Appending

AGOR 28

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-12

R/ASR) 227/0 AGOR27 A031- 03 STD Report - TEST PROCEDURES ( 264-002-03 Waste Oil & Oily Waste Systems Operational Test)(R/ASR) 229/0 AGOR27...106/0 AGOR27 A031- 04 STD Report - TEST REPORT ( 529-004-3 Ballast Treatment System Demonstration)(R/ASR) 110/0 AGOR27 A031- 04 STD Report - TEST

77 FR 72868 - The Centers for Disease Control (CDC)/Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment Notice of Charter Renewal This gives notice under the Federal..., Viral Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment, Department of Health and Human Services, has been..., M.D., Ph.D., Designated Federal Officer, CDC/HRSA Advisory Committee on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STD...

Barriers to asymptomatic screening and other STD services for adolescents and young adults: focus group discussions

PubMed Central

Tilson, Elizabeth C; Sanchez, Victoria; Ford, Chandra L; Smurzynski, Marlene; Leone, Peter A; Fox, Kimberley K; Irwin, Kathleen; Miller, William C

2004-01-01

Background Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are a major public health problem among young people and can lead to the spread of HIV. Previous studies have primarily addressed barriers to STD care for symptomatic patients. The purpose of our study was to identify perceptions about existing barriers to and ideal services for STDs, especially asymptomatic screening, among young people in a southeastern community. Methods Eight focus group discussions including 53 White, African American, and Latino youth (age 14–24) were conducted. Results Perceived barriers to care included lack of knowledge of STDs and available services, cost, shame associated with seeking services, long clinic waiting times, discrimination, and urethral specimen collection methods. Perceived features of ideal STD services included locations close to familiar places, extended hours, and urine-based screening. Television was perceived as the most effective route of disseminating STD information. Conclusions Further research is warranted to evaluate improving convenience, efficiency, and privacy of existing services; adding urine-based screening and new services closer to neighborhoods; and using mass media to disseminate STD information as strategies to increase STD screening. PMID:15189565

Local Public Health Systems and the Incidence of Sexually Transmitted Diseases

PubMed Central

Chen, Jie; Owusu-Edusei, Kwame; Suh, Allen; Bekemeier, Betty

2012-01-01

Objectives. We examined the associations of local public health system organization and local health department resources with county-level sexually transmitted disease (STD) incidence rates in large US health jurisdictions. Methods. We linked annual county STD incidence data (2005–2008) to local health department director responses (n = 211) to the 2006 wave of the National Longitudinal Study of Local Public Health Systems, the 2005 national Local Health Department Profile Survey, and the Area Resource File. We used nested mixed effects regression models to assess the relative contribution of local public health system organization, local health department financial and resource factors, and sociodemographic factors known to be associated with STD incidence to county-level (n = 307) STD incidence. Results. Jurisdictions with local governing boards had significantly lower county-level STD incidence. Local public health systems with comprehensive services where local health departments shoulder much of the effort had higher county-level STD rates than did conventional systems. Conclusions. More integration of system partners in local public health system activities, through governance and interorganizational arrangements, may reduce the incidence and burden of STDs. PMID:22813090

Shifted Transversal Design smart-pooling for high coverage interactome mapping

PubMed Central

Xin, Xiaofeng; Rual, Jean-François; Hirozane-Kishikawa, Tomoko; Hill, David E.; Vidal, Marc; Boone, Charles; Thierry-Mieg, Nicolas

2009-01-01

“Smart-pooling,” in which test reagents are multiplexed in a highly redundant manner, is a promising strategy for achieving high efficiency, sensitivity, and specificity in systems-level projects. However, previous applications relied on low redundancy designs that do not leverage the full potential of smart-pooling, and more powerful theoretical constructions, such as the Shifted Transversal Design (STD), lack experimental validation. Here we evaluate STD smart-pooling in yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) interactome mapping. We employed two STD designs and two established methods to perform ORFeome-wide Y2H screens with 12 baits. We found that STD pooling achieves similar levels of sensitivity and specificity as one-on-one array-based Y2H, while the costs and workloads are divided by three. The screening-sequencing approach is the most cost- and labor-efficient, yet STD identifies about twofold more interactions. Screening-sequencing remains an appropriate method for quickly producing low-coverage interactomes, while STD pooling appears as the method of choice for obtaining maps with higher coverage. PMID:19447967

Gender and racial differences in risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases among justice-involved youth

PubMed Central

Dembo, Richard; Childs, Kristina; Belenko, Steven; Schmeidler, James; Wareham, Jennifer

2010-01-01

Gender and racial differences in infection rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea have been reported within community-based populations, but little is known of such differences within juvenile offending populations. Moreover, while research has demonstrated that certain individual-level and community-level factors affect risky behaviors associated with sexually transmitted disease (STD), less is known about how multi-level factors affect STD infection, particularly among delinquent populations. The present study investigated gender and racial differences in STD infection among a sample of 924 juvenile offenders. Generalized linear model regression analyses were conducted to examine the influence of individual-level factors such as age, offense history, and substance use and community-level factors such as concentrated disadvantage, ethnic heterogeneity, and family disruption on STD status. Results revealed significant racial and STD status differences across gender, as well as interaction effects for race and STD status for males only. Gender differences in individual-level and community-level predictors were also found. Implications of these findings for future research and public health policy are discussed. PMID:20700475

Monitoring an Induced Permafrost Warming Experiment Using ERT, Temperature, and NMR in Fairbanks, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ulrich, C.; Ajo Franklin, J. B.; Ekblaw, I.; Lindsey, N.; Wagner, A. M.; Saari, S.; Daley, T. M.; Freifeld, B. M.

2016-12-01

As global temperatures continue to rise, permafrost landscapes will experience more rapid changes than other global climate zones. Permafrost thaw is a result of increased temperatures in arctic settings resulting in surface deformation and subsurface hydrology changes. From an engineering perspective, surface deformation poses a threat to the stability of existing infrastructure such as roads, utility piping, and building structures. Preemptively detecting or monitoring subsurface thaw dynamics presents a difficult challenge due to the long time scales as deformation occurs. Increased subsurface moisture content results from permafrost thaw of which electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), soil temperature, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) are directly sensitive. In this experiment we evaluate spatial and temporal changes in subsurface permafrost conditions (moisture content and temperature) at a experimental heating plot in Fairbanks, AK. This study focuses on monitoring thaw signatures using multiple collocated electrical resistivity (ERT), borehole temperature, and borehole nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. Timelapse ERT (sensitive to changes in moisture content) was inverted using collocated temperature and NMR to constrain ERT inversions. Subsurface thermal state was monitored with timelapse thermistors, sensitive to soil ice content. NMR was collected in multiple boreholes and is sensitive to changes in moisture content and pore scale distribution. As permafrost thaws more hydrogen, in the form of water, is available resulting in a changing NMR response. NMR requires the availability of liquid water in order to induce spin of the hydrogen molecule, hence, if frozen water molecules will be undetectable. In this study, the permafrost is poised close to 0oC and is mainly silt with small pore dimensions; this combination makes NMR particularly useful due to the possibility of sub-zero thaw conditions within the soil column. Overall this experiment presents a complementary suite of methods that provides feedback on subsurface permafrost state even in cases where soil texture might control unfrozen water content.

Pubic Lice (Pthirus pubis): History, Biology and Treatment vs. Knowledge and Beliefs of US College Students

PubMed Central

Anderson, Alice L.; Chaney, Elizabeth

2009-01-01

Pubic lice (Pthirus pubis) maintain a worldwide parasitic population infesting two to over 10 percent of human populations, continuing a presence that has been constant since early evidence 10,000 years ago. Outbreaks in the 1970s have been recorded, but incomplete records preclude description of a definitive population cycle. Current levels of infestation in a US college student population were investigated in this study. Knowledge and opinions of students were also recorded in an online survey administered to college students taking a basic health course at a mid-sized East Coast University. In a group of 817 students, 35 reported experience with pubic lice or other STD infection. Knowledge, beliefs, and treatment attitudes were examined for the 782 students who did not have experience with either pubic lice or STD infection. These students deemed antibiotics as a viable treatment for pubic lice infestation. They also indicated negative attitudes toward the use of pesticide crèmes, which are the most useful prescription. Symptoms and transmission myths in student answers are described. PMID:19440402

Heterosexual men's attitudes toward the female condom.

PubMed

Seal, D W; Ehrhardt, A A

1999-04-01

This article addresses heterosexual men's familiarity with the female condom and their attitudes toward this barrier method. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 71 ethnically diverse and heterosexually active men who were recruited in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics or through word of mouth in communities with high HIV/STD seroprevalence in New York City during fall 1994 to fall 1995. Only one man reported previous experience with the female condom. The large majority of men had no or limited knowledge of the female condom. Men's reactions to learning about this method ranged from positive to negative, although most men reported willingness to have sex with a partner who wanted to use the female condom. Positive reactions included: endorsement of a woman-controlled condom and her right to use it, the potential for enhancing one's sexual pleasure, and an eagerness to have a new sexual experience. Negative reactions centered on the "strangeness" and "bigness" of the female condom, concerns about prevention efficacy, and concerns about reductions in sexual pleasure. Our findings highlight the need for HIV prevention programs that target heterosexual men and promote the use of the female condom.

Solution state NMR of lignins

Treesearch

John Ralph; Jane M. Marita; Sally A. Ralph; Ronald D. Hatfield; Fachuang Lu; Richard M. Ede; Junpeng Peng; Larry L. Landucci

1999-01-01

Despite the rather random and heterogeneous nature of isolated lignins, many of their intimate structural details are revealed by diagnostic NMR experiments. 13C-NMR was recognized early-on as a high-resolution method for detailed structural characterization, aided by the almost exact agreement between chemical shifts of carbons in good low-molecular...

Heteronuclear Multidimensional Protein NMR in a Teaching Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Nathan T.

2016-01-01

Heteronuclear multidimensional NMR techniques are commonly used to study protein structure, function, and dynamics, yet they are rarely taught at the undergraduate level. Here, we describe a senior undergraduate laboratory where students collect, process, and analyze heteronuclear multidimensional NMR experiments using an unstudied Ig domain (Ig2…

Using NMR to Expand Chemistry Research and Educational Experiences at North Carolina Central University, an Historically Black University

DTIC Science & Technology

analytical chemistry . Most students do not get hands-on training with an NMR within their classroom or laboratory courses. The NMR will provide...unique opportunities to our students as they train to become the next generation of scientists, doctors, and engineers .

An Integrated Laboratory Project in NMR Spectroscopy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hudson, Reggie L.; Pendley, Bradford D.

1988-01-01

Describes an advanced NMR project that can be done with a 60-MHz continuous-wave proton spectrometer. Points out the main purposes are to give students experience in second-order NMR analysis, the simplification of spectra by raising the frequency, and the effect of non-hydrogen nuclei on proton resonances. (MVL)

On the use of ultracentrifugal devices for routine sample preparation in biomolecular magic-angle-spinning NMR

PubMed Central

Mandal, Abhishek; Boatz, Jennifer C.; Wheeler, Travis; van der Wel, Patrick C. A.

2017-01-01

A number of recent advances in the field of magic-angle-spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR have enabled its application to a range of biological systems of ever increasing complexity. To retain biological relevance, these samples are increasingly studied in a hydrated state. At the same time, experimental feasibility requires the sample preparation process to attain a high sample concentration within the final MAS rotor. We discuss these considerations, and how they have led to a number of different approaches to MAS NMR sample preparation. We describe our experience of how custom-made (or commercially available) ultracentrifugal devices can facilitate a simple, fast and reliable sample preparation process. A number of groups have since adopted such tools, in some cases to prepare samples for sedimentation-style MAS NMR experiments. Here we argue for a more widespread adoption of their use for routine MAS NMR sample preparation. PMID:28229262

Correlating the EMC analysis and testing methods for space systems in MIL-STD-1541A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perez, Reinaldo J.

1990-01-01

A study was conducted to improve the correlation between the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) analysis models stated in MIL-STD-1541A and the suggested testing methods used for space systems. The test and analysis methods outlined in MIL-STD-1541A are described, and a comparative assessment of testing and analysis techniques as they relate to several EMC areas is presented. Suggestions on present analysis and test methods are introduced to harmonize and bring the analysis and testing tools in MIL-STD-1541A into closer agreement. It is suggested that test procedures in MIL-STD-1541A must be improved by providing alternatives to the present use of shielded enclosures as the primary site for such tests. In addition, the alternate use of anechoic chambers and open field test sites must be considered.

A combination of spin diffusion methods for the determination of protein-ligand complex structural ensembles.

PubMed

Pilger, Jens; Mazur, Adam; Monecke, Peter; Schreuder, Herman; Elshorst, Bettina; Bartoschek, Stefan; Langer, Thomas; Schiffer, Alexander; Krimm, Isabelle; Wegstroth, Melanie; Lee, Donghan; Hessler, Gerhard; Wendt, K-Ulrich; Becker, Stefan; Griesinger, Christian

2015-05-26

Structure-based drug design (SBDD) is a powerful and widely used approach to optimize affinity of drug candidates. With the recently introduced INPHARMA method, the binding mode of small molecules to their protein target can be characterized even if no spectroscopic information about the protein is known. Here, we show that the combination of the spin-diffusion-based NMR methods INPHARMA, trNOE, and STD results in an accurate scoring function for docking modes and therefore determination of protein-ligand complex structures. Applications are shown on the model system protein kinase A and the drug targets glycogen phosphorylase and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Multiplexing of several ligands improves the reliability of the scoring function further. The new score allows in the case of sEH detecting two binding modes of the ligand in its binding site, which was corroborated by X-ray analysis. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

HIV / AIDS, STDs and the workplace.

PubMed

Jackson, H

1995-01-01

Even though the workplace is ideal for promoting HIV/STD (sexually transmitted disease) prevention to benefit workers and employers, many workplaces are not convinced that they should be involved in HIV/AIDS and STD education, prevention, and support. They do not realize that time and money spent on health programs save them money. Perhaps they do not feel obligated to protect the health of their employees. The AIDS epidemic adversely affects society and the economy at both the macro and micro level. AIDS tends to strike the productive age group, thereby seriously affecting the workplace. In many Sub-Saharan African countries, at least 20% of the urban workforce may be infected with HIV. Persons living with HIV include top management, skilled professionals, general hands, and farm laborers. HIV/AIDS costs for formal employment are assumed through reduced productivity; increased costs of occupational benefits and social security measures; loss of skilled labor, professionals, and managerial expertise as well as the experience among workers; increased costs of training and recruitment; and low morale from stigmatization, discrimination, and subsequent industrial relation problems. Needed are comprehensive HIV/AIDS and STD workplace programs that ensure the rights of persons with HIV and compassionate treatment of these persons. Trade union or other labor representatives, management, and appropriate government departments should work together and build on existing health legislation and policy to bring about effective negotiation and policy development concerning AIDS and employment. Training of peer educators, support services (counseling, STD referral and/or treatment), community action, management commitment, monitoring and evaluation, and supportive workplace conditions make for effective comprehensive workplace programs. Successful programs operate in fishing villages in Tanzania, tea plantations in India, the University of Papua New Guinea, and Ugandan army camps.

Trispyrazolylborate Complexes: An Advanced Synthesis Experiment Using Paramagnetic NMR, Variable-Temperature NMR, and EPR Spectroscopies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abell, Timothy N.; McCarrick, Robert M.; Bretz, Stacey Lowery; Tierney, David L.

2017-01-01

A structured inquiry experiment for inorganic synthesis has been developed to introduce undergraduate students to advanced spectroscopic techniques including paramagnetic nuclear magnetic resonance and electron paramagnetic resonance. Students synthesize multiple complexes with unknown first row transition metals and identify the unknown metals by…

Understanding the Effects of Forced Sex on Sexually Transmitted Disease Acquisition and Sexually Transmitted Disease Care: Findings From the National Survey of Family Growth (2011-2013).

PubMed

Brookmeyer, Kathryn A; Beltran, Oscar; Abad, Neetu

2017-10-01

Although there is evidence for heightened sexually transmitted disease (STD) acquisition among women who experienced sexual violence, little is known about their patterns of STD testing, STD diagnosis, and STD treatment. Data was drawn from cycle eight of the National Survey of Family Growth (2011-2013). Logistic regression analyses used SUDAAN to examine the link between forced sex and risky sexual behavior as well as forced sex and STD testing, diagnoses, treatment, and connection to care. Women who experienced forced sex were more likely to have risky sex (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-2.24), risky partners (AOR, 1.90; 95% CI, 1.11-3.23), and report substance abuse (AOR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.28-2.53) than women who never experienced forced sex. Women who reported forced sex were more likely to be tested for an STD (AOR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.34-2.09), and be diagnosed with herpes (AOR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.13-3.32), genital warts (AOR, 2.55; 95% CI, 1.90-3.41), and chlamydia (AOR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.03-3.25) than those who have never had forced sex. Results indicated a direct relationship between particular STD diagnoses and treatment in the past 12 months (AOR, 6.81; 95% CI, 4.50-10.31). Further analyses indicate that forced sex moderated the link between STD diagnoses and STD treatment (AOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.19-0.98). Results indicate that women who reported experiencing forced sex were more likely to be diagnosed with chlamydia, herpes, and genital warts than women who never had forced sex. There may be a need to pay particular attention to women who experienced forced sex and a history of STDs to ensure that they are retained in care.

HIV and STD status among MSM and attitudes about Internet partner notification for STD exposure.

PubMed

Mimiaga, Matthew J; Tetu, Ashley M; Gortmaker, Steven; Koenen, Karestan C; Fair, Andrew D; Novak, David S; Vanderwarker, Rodney; Bertrand, Thomas; Adelson, Stephan; Mayer, Kenneth H

2008-02-01

This study assessed the acceptability and perceived utility of Internet-based partner notification (PN) of sexually transmitted disease (STD) exposure for men who have sex with men (MSM) by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) serostatus. We recruited 1848 US MSM via a banner advertisement posted on an MSM website for meeting sexual partners between October and November 2005. Even though there was broad acceptance of a PN e-mail across HIV serostatus groups, HIV-infected men rated the importance of each component (e.g., information about where to get tested/treated, additional education regarding the STD exposed to, a mechanism for verifying the authenticity of the PN e-mail) lower than HIV-uninfected or status-unknown participants (all P's <0.01). Additionally, HIV-infected participants were less likely to use the services offered within a PN e-mail (if they were to receive an e-mail notifying them of possible STD exposure in the future), and were less likely to inform their partners of possible STD exposure via an Internet notification system in the future (all P's <0.01). A similar trend emerged about men who reported not having a previous STD compared with those who did. Men who reported no previous STD found Internet PN more acceptable. Overall, this study documents broad acceptance of Internet PN by at-risk MSM, regardless of HIV serostatus, including a willingness to receive or initiate PN-related e-mail. If public health officials consider using Internet notification services, they may need to anticipate and address concerns of HIV-infected MSM, and will need to use a culturally-sensitive, social marketing campaign to ensure that those who may benefit from these services are willing to use this modality for PN. Internet PN should be considered as a tool to decrease rising STD and HIV rates among MSM who use the Internet to meet sexual partners.

Standard deviation of carotid young's modulus and presence or absence of plaque improves prediction of coronary heart disease risk.

PubMed

Niu, Lili; Zhang, Yanling; Qian, Ming; Xiao, Yang; Meng, Long; Zheng, Rongqin; Zheng, Hairong

2017-11-01

The stiffness of large arteries and the presence or absence of plaque are associated with coronary heart disease (CHD). Because arterial walls are biologically heterogeneous, the standard deviation of Young's modulus (YM-std) of the large arteries may better predict coronary atherosclerosis. However, the role of YM-std in the occurrence of coronary events has not been addressed so far. Therefore, this study investigated whether the carotid YM-std and the presence or absence of plaque improved CHD risk prediction. One hundred and three patients with CHD (age 66 ± 11 years) and 107 patients at high risk of atherosclerosis (age 61 ± 7 years) were recruited. Carotid YM was measured by the vessel texture matching method, and YM-std was calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness was measured by the MyLab 90 ultrasound Platform employed dedicated software RF-tracking technology. In logistic regression analysis, YM-std (OR = 1·010; 95% CI = 1·003-1·016), carotid plaque (OR = 16·759; 95% CI = 3·719-75·533) and YM-std plus plaque (OR = 0·989; 95% CI = 0·981-0·997) were independent predictors of CHD. The traditional risk factors (TRF) plus YM-std plus plaque model showed a significant improvement in area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), which increased from 0·717 (TRF only) to 0·777 (95% CI for the difference in adjusted AUC: 0·010-0·110). Carotid YM-std is a powerful independent predictor of CHD. Adding plaque and YM-std to TRF improves CHD risk prediction. © 2016 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Simultaneous multislice diffusion-weighted MRI of the liver: Analysis of different breathing schemes in comparison to standard sequences.

PubMed

Taron, Jana; Martirosian, Petros; Erb, Michael; Kuestner, Thomas; Schwenzer, Nina F; Schmidt, Holger; Honndorf, Valerie S; Weiβ, Jakob; Notohamiprodjo, Mike; Nikolaou, Konstantin; Schraml, Christina

2016-10-01

To systematically evaluate image characteristics of simultaneous-multislice (SMS)-accelerated diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the liver using different breathing schemes in comparison to standard sequences. DWI of the liver was performed in 10 healthy volunteers and 12 patients at 1.5T using an SMS-accelerated echo planar imaging sequence performed with respiratory-triggering and free breathing (SMS-RT, SMS-FB). Standard DWI sequences served as reference (STD-RT, STD-FB). Reduction of scan time by SMS-acceleration was measured. Image characteristics of SMS-DWI and STD-DWI with both breathing schemes were analyzed quantitatively (apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC], signal-to-noise ratio [SNR]) and qualitatively (5-point Likert scale, 5 = excellent). Qualitative and quantitative parameters were compared using Friedman test and Dunn-Bonferroni post-hoc method with P-values < 0.05 considered statistically significant. SMS-DWI provided diagnostic image quality in volunteers and patients both with RT and FB with a reduction of scan time of 70% (0:56 vs. 3:20 min in FB). Overall image quality did not significantly differ between FB and RT acquisition in both STD and SMS sequences (median STD-RT 5.0, STD-FB 4.5, SMS-RT: 4.75; SMS-FB: 4.5; P = 0.294). SNR in the right hepatic lobe was comparable between the four tested sequences. ADC values were significantly lower in SMS-DWI compared to STD-DWI irrespective of the breathing scheme (1.2 ± 0.2 × 10(-3) mm(2) /s vs. 1.0 ± 0.2 × 10(-3) mm(2) /s; P < 0.001). SMS-acceleration provides considerable scan time reduction for hepatic DWI with equivalent image quality compared to the STD technique both using RT and FB. Discrepancies in ADC between STD-DWI and SMS-DWI need to be considered when transferring the SMS technique to clinical routine reading. J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2016;44:865-879. © 2016 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

Employing a teen advisory board to adapt an evidence-based HIV/STD intervention for incarcerated African-American adolescent women.

PubMed

Latham, Teaniese P; Sales, Jessica M; Renfro, Tiffaney L; Boyce, Lorin S; Rose, Eve; Murray, Colleen C; Wingood, Gina M; DiClemente, Ralph J

2012-10-01

This manuscript assesses priorities and challenges of adolescent females by conducting a meeting with teen advisory board (TAB) members to collect information regarding their lives and experiences pre-, during and post-incarceration in a juvenile detention facility. Multiple themes emerged regarding the impact of incarceration on young African-American females, including experiencing a loss of personal liberties, the importance of making money upon release, unfaithfulness by partners on the 'outside', substance use and lack of control over their environment upon release, including parents, peers and male sexual partners. Based on feedback from TAB members, unique barriers and challenges were identified that suggested areas where adaptations to an evidenced-based HIV/sexually transmitted disease (STD) intervention would be justified to more adequately meet the needs of this particular subgroup of young African-American women. Adaptations to the evidence-based interventions included enhancing activities related to goal setting, emotion regulation skills, decision-making, recognizing and utilizing support networks and addressing the relationship between substance use and risky sexual behavior. Future health education efforts focusing on either the creation of new HIV/STD interventions or adaptations to existing interventions should consider utilizing advisory boards with members of the priority population at the earliest stages of intervention planning.

The impact of Surface Wind Velocity Data Assimilation on the Predictability of Plume Advection in the Lower Troposphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sekiyama, Thomas; Kajino, Mizuo; Kunii, Masaru

2017-04-01

The authors investigated the impact of surface wind velocity data assimilation on the predictability of plume advection in the lower troposphere exploiting the radioactive cesium emitted by the Fukushima nuclear accident in March 2011 as an atmospheric tracer. It was because the radioactive cesium plume was dispersed from the sole point source exactly placed at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant and its surface concentration was measured at many locations with a high frequency and high accuracy. We used a non-hydrostatic regional weather prediction model with a horizontal resolution of 3 km, which was coupled with an ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation system in this study, to simulate the wind velocity and plume advection. The main module of this weather prediction model has been developed and used operationally by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) since before March 2011. The weather observation data assimilated into the model simulation were provided from two data resources; [#1] the JMA observation archives collected for numerical weather predictions (NWPs) and [#2] the land-surface wind velocity data archived by the JMA surface weather observation network. The former dataset [#1] does not contain land-surface wind velocity observations because their spatial representativeness is relatively small and therefore the land-surface wind velocity data assimilation normally deteriorates the more than one day NWP performance. The latter dataset [#2] is usually used for real-time weather monitoring and never used for the data assimilation of more than one day NWPs. We conducted two experiments (STD and TEST) to reproduce the radioactive cesium plume behavior for 48 hours from 12UTC 14 March to 12UTC 16 March 2011 over the land area of western Japan. The STD experiment was performed to replicate the operational NWP using only the #1 dataset, not assimilating land-surface wind observations. In contrast, the TEST experiment was performed assimilating both the #1 dataset and the #2 dataset including land-surface wind observations measured at more than 200 stations in the model domain. The meteorological boundary conditions for both the experiments were imported from the JMA operational global NWP model results. The modeled radioactive cesium concentrations were examined for plume arrival timing at each observatory comparing with the hourly-measured "suspended particulate matter" filter tape's cesium concentrations retrieved by Tsuruta et al. at more than 40 observatories. The averaged difference of the plume arrival times at 40 observatories between the observational reality and the STD experiment was 82.0 minutes; at this time, the forecast period was 13 hours on average. Meanwhile, The averaged difference of the TEST experiment was 72.8 minutes, which was smaller than that of the STD experiment with a statistical significance of 99.2 %. In summary, the land-surface wind velocity data assimilation improves the predictability of plume advection in the lower troposphere at least in the case of wintertime air pollution over complex terrain. We need more investigation into the data assimilation impact of land-surface weather observations on the predictability of pollutant dispersion especially in the planetary boundary layer.

Importance of alcohol-related expectations and emotional expressivity for prediction of motivation to refuse alcohol in alcohol-dependent patients.

PubMed

Slavinskienė, Justina; Žardeckaitė-Matulaitienė, Kristina

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the importance of alcohol-dependent patients' emotional expressivity, alcohol-related expectations and socio-demographic factors for prediction of motivation to refuse alcohol consumption. The study sample consisted of 136 alcohol-dependent patients (100 men and 36 women) undergoing treatment in Kaunas center for addictive disorders. Only higher expression of negative alcohol-related expectations (std. beta=0.192, P=0.023), higher emotional impulse intensity (std. beta=0.229, P=0.021) and higher expression of positive emotional expressiveness (std. beta=0.021, P=0.020) as well as gender (std. beta=0.180, P=0.049), education (std. beta=-0.137, P=0.038) and alcohol dependency treatment conditions (members of support group after rehabilitation program) (std. beta=0.288, P=0.001; std. beta=0.608, P=0.001) were significant factors for predicting the different level of alcohol-dependent patients motivation to refuse alcohol consumption. Negative alcohol-related expectations, emotional impulse intensity and positive emotional expressiveness were significant even though quite weak triggers for alcohol-dependent patients' different level of motivation to refuse alcohol consumption. An assumption could be made that by changing these triggers it is possible to change addictive behavior. Copyright © 2014 Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Production and hosting by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

Innovation in sexually transmitted disease and HIV prevention: internet and mobile phone delivery vehicles for global diffusion.

PubMed

Swendeman, Dallas; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane

2010-03-01

Efficacious behavioral interventions and practices have not been universally accepted, adopted, or diffused by policy makers, administrators, providers, advocates, or consumers. Biomedical innovations for sexually transmitted disease (STD) and HIV prevention have been embraced but their effectiveness is hindered by behavioral factors. Behavioral interventions are required to support providers and consumers for adoption and diffusion of biomedical innovations, protocol adherence, and sustained prevention for other STDs. Information and communication technology such as the Internet and mobile phones can deliver behavioral components for STD/HIV prevention and care to more people at less cost. Recent innovations in STD/HIV prevention with information and communication technology-mediated behavioral supports include STD/HIV testing and partner interventions, behavioral interventions, self-management, and provider care. Computer-based and Internet-based behavioral STD/HIV interventions have demonstrated efficacy comparable to face-to-face interventions. Mobile phone STD/HIV interventions using text-messaging are being broadly utilized but more work is needed to demonstrate efficacy. Electronic health records and care management systems can improve care, but interventions are needed to support adoption. Information and communication technology is rapidly diffusing globally. Over the next 5-10 years smart-phones will be broadly disseminated, connecting billions of people to the Internet and enabling lower cost, highly engaging, and ubiquitous STD/HIV prevention and treatment support interventions.

A complete 1H and 13C NMR data assignment for the diterpene methyl (-)-zanzibarate by 2D spectroscopy and NOE experiments.

PubMed

Imamura, P M; Miranda, P C M L; Giacomini, R A

2004-06-01

The 1H and 13C NMR spectra of methyl (-)-zanzibarate (1), an ent-labdanic diterpene isolated from the epicarp of Hymenaea courbaril var. altissima (Leguminosaea, Cesalpinoideae, Detariae), was fully assigned by COSY experiments, 13C/1H shift correlation diagrams and NOE experiments. Copyright 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Diels-Alder Cycloadditions: A MORE Experiment in the Organic Laboratory Including a Diene Identification Exercise Involving NMR Spectroscopy and Molecular Modeling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Roosevelt; Severin, Ashika; Balfour, Miguel; Nettles, Columbus

2005-01-01

Two Diels-Alder reactions are described that are suitable for a MORE (microwave-induced organic reaction enhanced) experiment in the organic chemistry laboratory course. A second experiment in which the splitting patterns of the vinyl protons in the nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of two MORE adducts are used in conjunction with molecular…

NMR properties of 3He-A in biaxially anisotropic aerogel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dmitriev, V. V.; Krasnikhin, D. A.; Senin, A. A.; Yudin, A. N.

2012-12-01

Theoretical model of G.E. Volovik for A-like phase of 3He in aerogel suggests formation of Larkin-Imry-Ma state of Anderson-Brinkmann-Morel order parameter. Most of results of NMR studies of A-like phase are in a good agreement with this model in assumption of uniaxial anisotropy, except for some of experiments in weakly anisotropic aerogel samples. We demonstrate that these results can be described in frames of the same model in assumption of biaxial anisotropy. Parameters of anisotropy in these experiments can be determined from the NMR data.

23 CFR 645.113 - Agreements and authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...), authorization by the FHWA to the STD to proceed with the physical relocation of a utility's facilities may be... under the provisions of this regulation, the STD shall submit its proposal and a full report of the... FHWA to the STD with the understanding that Federal funds will not be paid for work done by the utility...

23 CFR 645.215 - Approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... (d) When a utility files a notice or makes an individual application or request to a STD to use or occupy the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway project, the STD is not required to submit the matter to... regulation or with the STD's utility accommodation policy approved by the FHWA for use on Federal-aid highway...

23 CFR 710.601 - Federal land transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the transfer of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States to an STD or its nominee for highway purposes. (c) The STD may file an application with the FHWA, or can make application directly to... conveyance of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States shall be prepared by the STD and...

23 CFR 645.113 - Agreements and authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...), authorization by the FHWA to the STD to proceed with the physical relocation of a utility's facilities may be... under the provisions of this regulation, the STD shall submit its proposal and a full report of the... FHWA to the STD with the understanding that Federal funds will not be paid for work done by the utility...

23 CFR 645.113 - Agreements and authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...), authorization by the FHWA to the STD to proceed with the physical relocation of a utility's facilities may be... under the provisions of this regulation, the STD shall submit its proposal and a full report of the... FHWA to the STD with the understanding that Federal funds will not be paid for work done by the utility...

23 CFR 710.601 - Federal land transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the transfer of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States to an STD or its nominee for highway purposes. (c) The STD may file an application with the FHWA, or can make application directly to... conveyance of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States shall be prepared by the STD and...

10 CFR 431.444 - Test procedures for the measurement of energy efficiency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... the following test methods: (1) Single-phase small electric motors: either IEEE Std 114, (incorporated...) Polyphase small electric motors less than or equal to 1 horsepower (0.746 kW): IEEE Std 112 (incorporated by... (0.746 kW): IEEE Std 112 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.443), Test Method B. ...

23 CFR 645.215 - Approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... (d) When a utility files a notice or makes an individual application or request to a STD to use or occupy the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway project, the STD is not required to submit the matter to... regulation or with the STD's utility accommodation policy approved by the FHWA for use on Federal-aid highway...

23 CFR 630.112 - Agreement provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... the fiscal year in which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of... which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of Federal funds paid to... certification. By signing the project agreement, the STD agrees to provide a drug-free workplace as required by...

23 CFR 645.113 - Agreements and authorizations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...), authorization by the FHWA to the STD to proceed with the physical relocation of a utility's facilities may be... under the provisions of this regulation, the STD shall submit its proposal and a full report of the... FHWA to the STD with the understanding that Federal funds will not be paid for work done by the utility...

23 CFR 645.215 - Approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... (d) When a utility files a notice or makes an individual application or request to a STD to use or occupy the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway project, the STD is not required to submit the matter to... regulation or with the STD's utility accommodation policy approved by the FHWA for use on Federal-aid highway...

23 CFR 630.112 - Agreement provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... the fiscal year in which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of... which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of Federal funds paid to... certification. By signing the project agreement, the STD agrees to provide a drug-free workplace as required by...

23 CFR 710.601 - Federal land transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the transfer of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States to an STD or its nominee for highway purposes. (c) The STD may file an application with the FHWA, or can make application directly to... conveyance of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States shall be prepared by the STD and...

23 CFR 645.215 - Approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... (d) When a utility files a notice or makes an individual application or request to a STD to use or occupy the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway project, the STD is not required to submit the matter to... regulation or with the STD's utility accommodation policy approved by the FHWA for use on Federal-aid highway...

23 CFR 645.215 - Approvals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... (d) When a utility files a notice or makes an individual application or request to a STD to use or occupy the right-of-way of a Federal-aid highway project, the STD is not required to submit the matter to... regulation or with the STD's utility accommodation policy approved by the FHWA for use on Federal-aid highway...

23 CFR 710.601 - Federal land transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the transfer of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States to an STD or its nominee for highway purposes. (c) The STD may file an application with the FHWA, or can make application directly to... conveyance of lands or interests in lands owned by the United States shall be prepared by the STD and...

23 CFR 630.112 - Agreement provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the fiscal year in which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of... which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of Federal funds paid to... certification. By signing the project agreement, the STD agrees to provide a drug-free workplace as required by...

23 CFR 630.112 - Agreement provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... the fiscal year in which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of... which the project is authorized, the STD will repay to the FHWA the sum or sums of Federal funds paid to... certification. By signing the project agreement, the STD agrees to provide a drug-free workplace as required by...

23 CFR 635.124 - Participation in contract claim awards and settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... public contract law. (b) The FHWA shall be made aware by the STD of the details of the claim at an early...) When requesting Federal participation, the STD shall set forth in writing the legal and contractual.... Federal-aid participation in such instances shall be supported by a STD audit of the actual costs incurred...

23 CFR 635.124 - Participation in contract claim awards and settlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... public contract law. (b) The FHWA shall be made aware by the STD of the details of the claim at an early...) When requesting Federal participation, the STD shall set forth in writing the legal and contractual.... Federal-aid participation in such instances shall be supported by a STD audit of the actual costs incurred...

77 FR 50698 - Proposed Data Collections Submitted for Public Comment and Recommendations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

... (in hours respondent hours) State Health Departments...... Electronic STD 50 52 20/60 867 Case report. Territorial Health Agencies... Electronic STD 5 52 20/60 87 Case report. City and county health Electronic STD 2 52 20/60 35 departments. Case report. Totals 989 Dated: August 16, 2012. Ron A. Otten, Director...

77 FR 68782 - Proposed Data Collections Submitted for Public Comment and Recommendations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-16

...) State Health Departments Electronic STD Case 50 52 20/60 report. Territorial Health Agencies Electronic STD Case 5 52 20/60 report. City and county health departments.... Electronic STD Case 2 52 20/60... Management and Budget (OMB) in compliance with the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. Chapter 35). To request...

75 FR 78997 - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/Health Resources and Services Administration (CDC/HRSA...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-17

... on HIV and STD Prevention and Treatment: Notice of Charter Renewal This gives notice under the... on HIV and STD Prevention and Treatment, Department of Health and Human Services, has been renewed...., PhD, Designated Federal Officer, CDC/HRSA Advisory Committee on HIV and STD Prevention and Treatment...

MIL-STD-2411-1 Change 3. Notice Impacts to NAVAIR

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-30

is Steve Rogan, NGA OCIO CE, 314-676- 0292, rogans@nga.mil. METRIC MIL-STD-2411-1 w/CHANGE 3 ______________ SUPERCEDING MIL-STD-2411-1 Change...JN Jan Mayen Is (NO) JA Japan DQ Jarvis Island (US) JE Jersey (UK) JQ Johnston Atoll (US) JO Jordan JU Juan De Nova Islands (FR) YV Juan

77 FR 66469 - CDC/HRSA Advisory Committee on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-05

... Advisory Committee on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment In accordance with section 10(a...--Treatment as Prevention; (2) Ryan White HIV/AIDS Program Client Level Data Update; (3) Viral Hepatitis... Person for More Information: Margie Scott-Cseh, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and...

The STD Site Operator. Satellite Technology Demonstration, Technical Report No. 0419.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braunstein, Jean

Intimately involved in any equipment system is the human factor. The people operating the equipment at the remote installations for the Satellite Technology Demonstration (STD) were different from paid employees or from private consumers. The STD site operators were paid only token fees; thus, they are best describd as having been motivated by the…

Field Operations and Federal and Regional Policy Changes. Satellite Technology Demonstration, Technical Report No. 0334.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Frank; And Others

The Satellite Technology Demonstration (STD), through its unique field services network (the STD's Utilization Component), was able to develop and insure Project credibility among its many regional, state, and local participants. How the field service mechanism was used to maintain positive relationships between the STD and its many constituents…

AGOR 28: SIO Shipyard Representative Bi-Weekly Progress Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-10

WATERMAN SUPPLY)(R/ASR) 368/0 AGOR27 A035- 09 STD Report - FAILURE MODE EFFECT ANALYSIS ( FMEA ) AND DESIGN VERIFCATION TEST PROCEDURE (DVTP) (DI-035-09... FMEA & DVTP - Multidrives)(R/ASR) 4/0 AGOR27 A006- 08 STD Report - PURCHASE ORDER (PO) INDEX ( PO INDEX 4-26- 13) 37/0 AGOR28 A006- 08 STD

A quasi-optical and corrugated waveguide microwave transmission system for simultaneous dynamic nuclear polarization NMR on two separate 14.1 T spectrometers

PubMed Central

Dubroca, Thierry; Smith, Adam N.; Pike, Kevin J.; Froud, Stuart; Wylde, Richard; Trociewitz, Bianca; McKay, Johannes; Mentink-Vigier, Frederic; van Tol, Johan; Wi, Sungsool; Brey, William; Long, Joanna R.; Frydman, Lucio; Hill, Stephen

2018-01-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an intrinsically insensitive technique, with Boltzmann distributions of nuclear spin states on the order of parts per million in conventional magnetic fields. To overcome this limitation, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be used to gain up to three orders of magnitude in signal enhancement, which can decrease experimental time by up to six orders of magnitude. In DNP experiments, nuclear spin polarization is enhanced by transferring the relatively larger electron polarization to NMR active nuclei via microwave irradiation. Here, we describe the design and performance of a quasi-optical system enabling the use of a single 395 GHz gyrotron microwave source to simultaneously perform DNP experiments on two different 14.1 T (1H 600 MHz) NMR spectrometers: one configured for magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state NMR; the other configured for solution state NMR experiments. In particular, we describe how the high power microwave beam is split, transmitted, and manipulated between the two spectrometers. A 13C enhancement of 128 is achieved via the cross effect for alanine, using the nitroxide biradical AMUPol, under MAS-DNP conditions at 110 K, while a 31P enhancement of 160 is achieved via the Overhauser effect for triphenylphosphine using the monoradical BDPA under solution NMR conditions at room temperature. The latter result is the first demonstration of Overhauser DNP in the solution state at a field of 14.1 T (1H 600 MHz). Moreover these results have been produced with large sample volumes (~100 μL, i.e. 3 mm diameter NMR tubes). PMID:29459343

A quasi-optical and corrugated waveguide microwave transmission system for simultaneous dynamic nuclear polarization NMR on two separate 14.1 T spectrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubroca, Thierry; Smith, Adam N.; Pike, Kevin J.; Froud, Stuart; Wylde, Richard; Trociewitz, Bianca; McKay, Johannes; Mentink-Vigier, Frederic; van Tol, Johan; Wi, Sungsool; Brey, William; Long, Joanna R.; Frydman, Lucio; Hill, Stephen

2018-04-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an intrinsically insensitive technique, with Boltzmann distributions of nuclear spin states on the order of parts per million in conventional magnetic fields. To overcome this limitation, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be used to gain up to three orders of magnitude in signal enhancement, which can decrease experimental time by up to six orders of magnitude. In DNP experiments, nuclear spin polarization is enhanced by transferring the relatively larger electron polarization to NMR active nuclei via microwave irradiation. Here, we describe the design and performance of a quasi-optical system enabling the use of a single 395 GHz gyrotron microwave source to simultaneously perform DNP experiments on two different 14.1 T (1H 600 MHz) NMR spectrometers: one configured for magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state NMR; the other configured for solution state NMR experiments. In particular, we describe how the high power microwave beam is split, transmitted, and manipulated between the two spectrometers. A 13C enhancement of 128 is achieved via the cross effect for alanine, using the nitroxide biradical AMUPol, under MAS-DNP conditions at 110 K, while a 31P enhancement of 160 is achieved via the Overhauser effect for triphenylphosphine using the monoradical BDPA under solution NMR conditions at room temperature. The latter result is the first demonstration of Overhauser DNP in the solution state at a field of 14.1 T (1H 600 MHz). Moreover these results have been produced with large sample volumes (∼100 μL, i.e. 3 mm diameter NMR tubes).

A quasi-optical and corrugated waveguide microwave transmission system for simultaneous dynamic nuclear polarization NMR on two separate 14.1 T spectrometers.

PubMed

Dubroca, Thierry; Smith, Adam N; Pike, Kevin J; Froud, Stuart; Wylde, Richard; Trociewitz, Bianca; McKay, Johannes; Mentink-Vigier, Frederic; van Tol, Johan; Wi, Sungsool; Brey, William; Long, Joanna R; Frydman, Lucio; Hill, Stephen

2018-04-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is an intrinsically insensitive technique, with Boltzmann distributions of nuclear spin states on the order of parts per million in conventional magnetic fields. To overcome this limitation, dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) can be used to gain up to three orders of magnitude in signal enhancement, which can decrease experimental time by up to six orders of magnitude. In DNP experiments, nuclear spin polarization is enhanced by transferring the relatively larger electron polarization to NMR active nuclei via microwave irradiation. Here, we describe the design and performance of a quasi-optical system enabling the use of a single 395 GHz gyrotron microwave source to simultaneously perform DNP experiments on two different 14.1 T ( 1 H 600 MHz) NMR spectrometers: one configured for magic angle spinning (MAS) solid state NMR; the other configured for solution state NMR experiments. In particular, we describe how the high power microwave beam is split, transmitted, and manipulated between the two spectrometers. A 13 C enhancement of 128 is achieved via the cross effect for alanine, using the nitroxide biradical AMUPol, under MAS-DNP conditions at 110 K, while a 31 P enhancement of 160 is achieved via the Overhauser effect for triphenylphosphine using the monoradical BDPA under solution NMR conditions at room temperature. The latter result is the first demonstration of Overhauser DNP in the solution state at a field of 14.1 T ( 1 H 600 MHz). Moreover these results have been produced with large sample volumes (∼100 µL, i.e. 3 mm diameter NMR tubes). Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Treatment-seeking behaviour and barriers to service access for sexually transmitted diseases among men who have sex with men in China: a multicentre cross-sectional survey.

PubMed

Xu, Jun-Jie; Yu, Yan-Qiu; Hu, Qing-Hai; Yan, Hong-Jing; Wang, Zhe; Lu, Lin; Zhuang, Ming-Hua; Chen, Xi; Fu, Ji-Hua; Tang, Wei-Ming; Geng, Wen-Qing; Jiang, Yong-Jun; Shang, Hong

2017-01-18

Delayed or inappropriate treatment for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) increases the risk of HIV acquisition and may cause other harmful outcomes. However, studies on STD treatment-seeking behaviour and correlated factors in men who have sex with men (MSM) are scarce. This information is crucial for the promotion of STD treatment-seeking behaviour and reduction of HIV transmission among Chinese MSM. During 2012-2013, a multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 7 Chinese cities. Participants completed an interview-questionnaire and gave venous blood samples, which were then tested for antibodies to HIV, syphilis, and herpes simplex virus-2 (HSV-2). MSM who tested positive for syphilis/HSV-2 or had obvious STD-related symptoms within the last 12 months were defined as suspected STD-infected MSM. Of the 4 496 eligible MSM who completed this survey, 24.4% (1 096/4 496) were categorized as suspected STD-infected MSM. 35.7% (391/1 096) of these MSM with suspected STD infections sought STD treatment in clinics within the last 12 months. Among MSM who did not attend STD clinics for treatment, the prevalence of syphilis and HSV-2 was significantly higher; the HIV prevalence and incidence within this subpopulation reached as high as 14.5% and 12.2/100 person-years, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that having 7-12 years of education (vs. ≤6 years; aOR, 2.5; 95%CI, 1.0-6.1), ≥13 years of education (vs. ≤6 years: aOR, 2.8; 95%CI, 1.2-7.0), monthly income >500 USD (vs. ≤500 USD: aOR, 1.5; 95%CI, 1.1-2.1), obvious STD-related symptoms within last 12 months (aOR, 5.3; 95%CI, 3.7-7.5), being HIV infected (aOR, 1.7; 95%CI, 1.1-2.6), currently syphilis infected (aOR, 0.6; 95%CI, 0.4-0.9) and HSV-2 infected (aOR, 0.6; 95%CI, 0.5-0.9) were independent correlates with seeking STD treatment in clinics among Chinese MSM. The high prevalence of STD infection coupled with a low proportion of individuals who exhibit appropriate treatment-seeking behaviour create a high risk of a growing HIV epidemic among Chinese MSM. Models that prioritize better screening for and education about STDs should be urgently implemented, especially among low-income MSM.

ONGOING SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASE ACQUISTION AND RISK TAKING BEHAVIOR AMONG U.S. HIV-INFECTED PATIENTS IN PRIMARY CARE: IMPLICATIONS FOR PREVENTION INTERVENTIONS

PubMed Central

Mayer, Kenneth H; Bush, Timothy; Henry, Keith; Overton, Turner; Hammer, John; Richardson, Jean; Wood, Kathy; Conley, Lois; Papp, John; Caliendo, Angela M.; Patel, Pragna; Brooks, John T

2011-01-01

SUMMARY A study of HIV-infected persons in primary care in four U.S. found that 13% had a prevalent STD at enrollment and 7% an incident STD six months later. Background To better understand the factors associated with HIV and STD transmitting behavior among HIV-infected persons, we estimated STD prevalence and incidence and associated risk factors among a diverse sample of HIV-infected patients in primary care. Methods We analyzed data from 557 participants in the SUN study, a prospective observational cohort of HIV-infected persons in primary care in four U.S. cities. At enrollment and six months thereafter, participants completed an audio computer-assisted self interview about their sexual behavior, and were screened for genitourinary, rectal and pharyngeal N. gonorrhoeae and C. trachomatis infections by nucleic acid amplification testing, and for serologic evidence of syphilis. Women provided cervicovaginal samples and men provided urine to screen for T. vaginalis by polymerase chain reaction. Results Thirteen percent of participants had a prevalent STD at enrollment and 7% an incident STD six months later. The most commonly diagnosed infections were rectal chlamydia, oropharyngeal gonorrhea, and chlamydial urethritis among the men, and trichomoniasis among the women. Other than trichomoniasis, 94% of incident STDs were identified in MSM. Polysubstance abuse other than marijuana, and having ≥ 4 sex partners in the six months prior to testing were associated with diagnosis of an incident STD. Conclusions STDs were commonly diagnosed among contemporary HIV-infected patients receiving routine outpatient care, particularly among sexually active MSM who used recreational drugs. These findings underscore the need for frequent STD screening, prevention counseling, and substance abuse treatment for HIV-infected persons in care. PMID:22183836

Comparative stability of sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STD) and polidocanol foam: impact on vein damage in an in-vitro model.

PubMed

McAree, B; Ikponmwosa, A; Brockbank, K; Abbott, C; Homer-Vanniasinkam, S; Gough, M J

2012-06-01

To compare the half-life of STD and polidocanol air-based foams and the damage they inflict upon human great saphenous vein in an in-vitro model. The time for the volume of 3% STD and polidocanol foams to reduce by 10% (T(90)) and 50% (T(50)) was recorded in an incubator at 37 °C. Segments of proximal GSV harvested during varicose vein surgery were filled with foam for 5 or 15 min. Histological analysis determined percentage endothelial cell loss and depth of media injury. Median (±IQR) T(90) and T(50) for polidocanol were 123.3 s (111.7-165.6) and 266.3 s (245.6-383.1) versus 102.03 s (91.1-112) and 213.13 s (201-231.6) for STD (T(90)p = 0.008, T(50)p = 0.004). Median endothelial loss with polidocanol was; 63.5% (62.2-82.8) and 85.9% (83.8-92.5) versus 86.3% (84.8-93.7) and 97.64% (97.3-97.8) for STD after 5 and 15 min (p = 0.076 and p = 0.009). The median depth and % media thickness injured were 0 μm (0-0 μm) and 0% for both assessments with polidocanol versus 37.4 μm (35.3-45.8 and 43.4 μm (42.1-46.7) and 3.5% (3.1-3.6) and 5.3% (3.7-6.0) after 5 and 15 min for STD (p < 0.01 for all comparisons). Although polidocanol foam shows greater stability than STD foam perhaps remaining in the vein for longer, endothelial cell loss and damage to the media were significantly greater with STD. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

STD and HIV testing behaviors among black and Puerto Rican young adults.

PubMed

Carter, Marion W; Kraft, Joan Marie; Hatfield-Timajchy, Kendra; Hock-Long, Linda; Hogben, Matthew

2011-12-01

Given the high rates of infection among urban young adults, STD and HIV testing promotion is a public health priority. To inform future testing efforts, lifetime and recent testing behaviors of this population within casual and serious relationships should be better understood. Data from a 2007-2008 study conducted in select neighborhoods in Hartford and Philadelphia were used to examine self-reported STD and HIV testing behaviors and attitudes among 483 sexually active black and Puerto Rican young adults aged 18-25. Multivariate ordered logit regression analyses were conducted to assess characteristics associated with lifetime number of STD tests. More than eight in 10 participants reported having been tested for STDs, and a similar proportion for HIV, most of them multiple times. Nineteen percent had ever had an STD diagnosis. A majority-86%-perceived their risk of STD infection in the next year as "not at all likely." Sixty-one percent of those in serious relationships reported that both partners had been tested, compared with 25% of those in casual relationships. Characteristics associated with higher lifetime number of STD tests were being female (odds ratio, 2.2), being from Philadelphia (2.5), being black (1.5), having lived with two or more serious partners (1.7) and having ever received an STD diagnosis (2.3). Despite their risks, participants did not perceive themselves to be at risk of STDs. However, they did report testing repeatedly. Testing was highly acceptable, particularly within serious relationships. Questions about the timing of testing initiation and repeat testing merit attention for the benefits of widespread testing to be fully realized. Copyright © 2011 by the Guttmacher Institute.

Insurance and billing concerns among patients seeking free and confidential sexually transmitted disease care: New York City sexually transmitted disease clinics 2012.

PubMed

Washburn, Kate; Goodwin, Chris; Pathela, Preeti; Blank, Susan

2014-07-01

Historically, New York City (NYC) Department of Health and Mental Hygiene (DOHMH) sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics have operated completely free of charge but will soon begin billing patients for services. To inform billing strategies, we surveyed NYC DOHMH STD clinic patients in fall 2012 to examine response to the prospect of billing insurance and charging sliding-scale fees for services. A total of 5017 individuals were surveyed from all patients accessing clinic services between September and December 2012 at 8 NYC DOHMH STD clinics. The anonymous survey was provided at registration to all patients, in English or Spanish. The data were analyzed to determine patient insurance status and other characteristics related to billing for STD services. More than half of respondents (51.0%) were uninsured, and 42.3% were unemployed. For 20.2% of respondents, billing would pose a considerable barrier to care. Nearly half of those insured (48.4%) said that they would not be willing to share insurance information with the STD clinics. Respondents who said they would not access STD clinic services if charged represent approximately 13,600 individuals each year who, if not promptly diagnosed and treated elsewhere, could be a continuing source of STIs including HIV. Confidentiality concerns and income are potential obstacles to billing insurance or charging a direct fee for STD services. New York City DOHMH plans to take the concerns raised in the survey findings into account when designing our billing system and carefully evaluate its impact to ensure that the need for accessible, confidential STD services continues to be met.

Racial Differences in Receipt of Chlamydia Testing Among Medicaid-Insured Women in 2013.

PubMed

Patel, Chirag G; Chesson, Harrell W; Tao, Guoyu

2016-03-01

To estimate the percentage of young, sexually active Medicaid-insured women who were tested for chlamydia by age, race/ethnicity, and history of sexually transmitted disease (STD) diagnosis. We used the medical diagnostic and procedural codes from Truven Health MarketScan Medicaid claims data from 10 states in 2012 and 2013 to estimate the rates of chlamydia testing in 2013 and previous STD diagnosis (diagnosed in 2012) among Medicaid-insured women aged 15-25 years who were sexually active in 2013. We also used a logit model to assess the association between chlamydia testing and women's age, race/ethnicity, and previous STD diagnosis. Overall, among approximately 261,000 Medicaid-insured women aged 15-25 years in 2013 who were classified as sexually active, 50.2% were tested for chlamydia in 2013. The chlamydia testing rate was 45.6% for white women and 57.5% for black women. The chlamydia testing rate was 63.5% for women diagnosed as having an STD in 2012 and 46.8% for women not diagnosed as having an STD in 2012. The chlamydia testing rate was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with previous STD diagnosis, age, and race/ethnicity in our logit model. Higher chlamydia testing rates among black women can be explained in part by higher rates of previous STD diagnoses. Our finding that black women have the highest chlamydia testing rates is encouraging, as improved access to STD prevention services among racial/ethnic minorities can help to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in STDs. However, chlamydia screening remains an underused preventive health service for young women of all racial and ethnic groups.

STD/AIDS prevention in Portuguese-speaking Africa: a review of the recent literature in the social sciences and health.

PubMed

Monteiro, Simone

2009-03-01

The article reviews academic literature in the social sciences and health on the problems and challenges of STD/AIDS prevention in Portuguese-speaking African countries. Based on a bibliographic survey of the SciELO, PubMed, and Sociological Abstracts databases between 1997 and 2007, the research under review was organized into two groups, according to content. The first group of studies sought to understand STD/AIDS vulnerability among social groups by examining local cultural and socioeconomic factors as related to gender dynamics, sexuality, color/race, religion and health care. The second group encompassed critical assessments of shortcomings in the STD/AIDS educational messages delivered by governments and international agencies. Attention is called to the way in which the presence of traditional medicine systems and the occurrence of civil wars in the post-colonial period impact the STD/AIDS epidemic in the African countries under study.

Prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases among female drug abusers in Malaysia.

PubMed

Isa, A R; Moe, H; Sivakumaran, S

1993-06-01

The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) among female drug abusers was determined by screening 130 new inmates of a rehabilitation centre. The majority of the subjects (77.7%) were self-confessed sex workers. A high prevalence of syphilis (50.8%), hepatitis B (52.2%), moniliasis (23.8%) and trichomoniasis (19.2%) were noted. Gonorrhoea vaginitis was seen in 8.5%, which was low compared to previous studies. Six subjects were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), with 5 of them admitting to needle sharing and working as prostitutes. More than half of them harboured 2 or more STD. A rich reservoir of STD was seen among the drug abusers. With more evidence now available concerning the ease of HIV transmission associated with ulcerative STD, a stage could be set for greater heterosexual HIV transmission. As part of the rehabilitation process, female drug abusers need a thorough screening for STD followed by aggressive treatment regimens.

The History of a Decision: A Standard Vibration Test Method for Qualification

DOE PAGES

Rizzo, Davinia; Blackburn, Mark

2017-01-01

As Mil-Std-810G and subsequent versions have included multiple degree of freedom vibration test methodologies, it is important to understand the history and factors that drove the original decision in Mil-Std-810 to focus on single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibration testing. By assessing the factors and thought process of early Mil-Std-810 vibration test methods, it enables one to better consider the use of multiple degree of freedom testing now that it is feasible with today’s technology and documented in Mil-Std-810. This paper delves into the details of the decision made in the 1960s for the SDOF vibration testing standards in Mil-Std-810more » beyond the limitations of technology at the time. We also consider the implications for effective test planning today considering the advances in test capabilities and improvements in understanding of the operational environment.« less

The History of a Decision: A Standard Vibration Test Method for Qualification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rizzo, Davinia; Blackburn, Mark

As Mil-Std-810G and subsequent versions have included multiple degree of freedom vibration test methodologies, it is important to understand the history and factors that drove the original decision in Mil-Std-810 to focus on single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibration testing. By assessing the factors and thought process of early Mil-Std-810 vibration test methods, it enables one to better consider the use of multiple degree of freedom testing now that it is feasible with today’s technology and documented in Mil-Std-810. This paper delves into the details of the decision made in the 1960s for the SDOF vibration testing standards in Mil-Std-810more » beyond the limitations of technology at the time. We also consider the implications for effective test planning today considering the advances in test capabilities and improvements in understanding of the operational environment.« less

An Oil Spill in a Tube: An Accessible Approach for Teaching Environmental NMR Spectroscopy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simpson, Andre´ J.; Mitchell, Perry J.; Masoom, Hussain; Mobarhan, Yalda Liaghati; Adamo, Antonio; Dicks, Andrew P.

2015-01-01

NMR spectroscopy has great potential as an instrumental method for environmental chemistry research and monitoring but may be underused in teaching laboratories because of its complexity and the level of expertise required in operating the instrument and interpreting data. This laboratory experiment introduces environmental NMR spectroscopy to…

An NMR Experiment Based on Off-the-Shelf Digital Data-Acquisition Equipment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilty, Christian; Bowen, Sean

2010-01-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) poses significant challenges for teaching in the context of an undergraduate laboratory, foremost because of high equipment cost. Current off-the-shelf data-acquisition hardware, however, is sufficiently powerful to constitute the core of a fully digital NMR spectrometer operating at the earth's field. We present…

13C cell wall enrichment and ionic liquid NMR analysis: progress towards a high-throughput detailed chemical analysis of the whole plant cell wall.

PubMed

Foston, Marcus; Samuel, Reichel; Ragauskas, Arthur J

2012-09-07

The ability to accurately and rapidly measure plant cell wall composition, relative monolignol content and lignin-hemicellulose inter-unit linkage distributions has become essential to efforts centered on reducing the recalcitrance of biomass by genetic engineering. Growing (13)C enriched transgenic plants is a viable route to achieve the high-throughput, detailed chemical analysis of whole plant cell wall before and after pretreatment and microbial or enzymatic utilization by (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a perdeuterated ionic liquid solvent system not requiring component isolation. 1D (13)C whole cell wall ionic liquid NMR of natural abundant and (13)C enriched corn stover stem samples suggest that a high level of uniform labeling (>97%) can significantly reduce the total NMR experiment times up to ~220 times. Similarly, significant reduction in total NMR experiment time (~39 times) of the (13)C enriched corn stover stem samples for 2D (13)C-(1)H heteronuclear single quantum coherence NMR was found.

The special radiation-hardened processors for new highly informative experiments in space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Serdin, O. V.; Antonov, A. A.; Dubrovsky, A. G.; Novogilov, E. A.; Zuev, A. L.

2017-01-01

The article provides a detailed description of the series of special radiation-hardened microprocessor developed by SRISA for use in space technology. The microprocessors have 32-bit and 64-bit KOMDIV architecture with embedded SpaceWire, RapidIO, Ethernet and MIL-STD-1553B interfaces. These devices are used in space telescope GAMMA-400 data acquisition system, and may also be applied to other experiments in space (such as observatory “Millimetron” etc.).

A ferromagnetic shim insert for NMR magnets - Towards an integrated gyrotron for DNP-NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Ryan, Herbert; van Bentum, Jan; Maly, Thorsten

2017-04-01

In recent years high-field Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (DNP) enhanced NMR spectroscopy has gained significant interest. In high-field DNP-NMR experiments (⩾400MHz 1 H NMR, ⩾9.4T) often a stand-alone gyrotron is used to generate high microwave/THz power to produce sufficiently high microwave induced B 1e fields at the position of the NMR sample. These devices typically require a second, stand-alone superconducting magnet to operate. Here we present the design and realization of a ferroshim insert, to create two iso-centers inside a commercially available wide-bore NMR magnet. This work is part of a larger project to integrate a gyrotron into NMR magnets, effectively eliminating the need for a second, stand-alone superconducting magnet. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An NMR Study of Isotope Effect on Keto-Enol Tautomerization: A Physical Organic Chemistry Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkinson, D.; Chechik, V.

2004-01-01

Isotope substitution often affects the rate of an organic reaction and can be used to reveal the underlying mechanism. A series of experiments that use (super 1)H NMR to determine primary and secondary isotope effects, activation parameters, and the regioselectivity of butanone enolization are described.

NMR Determination of Hydrogen Bond Thermodynamics in a Simple Diamide: A Physical Chemistry Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morton, Janine G.; Joe, Candice L.; Stolla, Massiel C.; Koshland, Sophia R.; Londergan, Casey H.; Schofield, Mark H.

2015-01-01

Variable temperature NMR spectroscopy is used to determine the ?H° and ?S° of hydrogen bond formation in a simple diamide. In this two- or three-day experiment, students synthesize N,N'-dimethylmalonamide, dimethylsuccinamide, dimethylglutaramide, or dimethyladipamide from methylamine and the corresponding diester (typically in 50% recrystallized…

The Complexation of the Na(super +) by 18-Crown-6 Studied via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Steven J.; Stevenson, Cheryl D.

2004-01-01

A student friendly experiment that teaches several important concepts of modern nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), like multinuclear capabilities, the NMR time scale, and time-averaged signals, is described along with some important concepts of thermo chemical equilibria. The mentioned experiment involves safe and inexpensive compounds, such as…

Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy for Measuring Ternary Phase Diagrams

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodworth, Jennifer K.; Terrance, Jacob C.; Hoffmann, Markus M.

2006-01-01

A laboratory experiment is presented for the upper-level undergraduate physical chemistry curriculum in which the ternary phase diagram of water, 1-propanol and n-heptane is measured using proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The experiment builds upon basic concepts of NMR spectral analysis, typically taught in the undergraduate…

Recent progress in heteronuclear long-range NMR of complex carbohydrates: 3D H2BC and clean HMBC.

PubMed

Meier, Sebastian; Petersen, Bent O; Duus, Jens Ø; Sørensen, Ole W

2009-11-02

The new NMR experiments 3D H2BC and clean HMBC are explored for challenging applications to a complex carbohydrate at natural abundance of (13)C. The 3D H2BC experiment is crucial for sequential assignment as it yields heteronuclear one- and two-bond together with COSY correlations for the (1)H spins, all in a single spectrum with good resolution and non-informative diagonal-type peaks suppressed. Clean HMBC is a remedy for the ubiquitous problem of strong coupling induced one-bond correlation artifacts in HMBC spectra of carbohydrates. Both experiments work well for one of the largest carbohydrates whose structure has been determined by NMR, not least due to the enhanced resolution offered by the third dimension in 3D H2BC and the improved spectral quality due to artifact suppression in clean HMBC. Hence these new experiments set the scene to take advantage of the sensitivity boost achieved by the latest generation of cold probes for NMR structure determination of even larger and more complex carbohydrates in solution.

Solvent signal suppression for high-resolution MAS-DNP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Daniel; Chaudhari, Sachin R.; De Paëpe, Gaël

2017-05-01

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) has become a powerful tool to substantially increase the sensitivity of high-field magic angle spinning (MAS) solid-state NMR experiments. The addition of dissolved hyperpolarizing agents usually results in the presence of solvent signals that can overlap and obscure those of interest from the analyte. Here, two methods are proposed to suppress DNP solvent signals: a Forced Echo Dephasing experiment (FEDex) and TRAnsfer of Populations in DOuble Resonance Echo Dephasing (TRAPDORED) NMR. These methods reintroduce a heteronuclear dipolar interaction that is specific to the solvent, thereby forcing a dephasing of recoupled solvent spins and leaving acquired NMR spectra free of associated resonance overlap with the analyte. The potency of these methods is demonstrated on sample types common to MAS-DNP experiments, namely a frozen solution (of L-proline) and a powdered solid (progesterone), both containing deuterated glycerol as a DNP solvent. The proposed methods are efficient, simple to implement, compatible with other NMR experiments, and extendable past spectral editing for just DNP solvents. The sensitivity gains from MAS-DNP in conjunction with FEDex or TRAPDORED then permits rapid and uninterrupted sample analysis.

Optimized slice-selective 1H NMR experiments combined with highly accurate quantitative 13C NMR using an internal reference method.

PubMed

Jézéquel, Tangi; Silvestre, Virginie; Dinis, Katy; Giraudeau, Patrick; Akoka, Serge

2018-04-01

Isotope ratio monitoring by 13 C NMR spectrometry (irm- 13 C NMR) provides the complete 13 C intramolecular position-specific composition at natural abundance. It represents a powerful tool to track the (bio)chemical pathway which has led to the synthesis of targeted molecules, since it allows Position-specific Isotope Analysis (PSIA). Due to the very small composition range (which represents the range of variation of the isotopic composition of a given nuclei) of 13 C natural abundance values (50‰), irm- 13 C NMR requires a 1‰ accuracy and thus highly quantitative analysis by 13 C NMR. Until now, the conventional strategy to determine the position-specific abundance x i relies on the combination of irm-MS (isotopic ratio monitoring Mass Spectrometry) and 13 C quantitative NMR. However this approach presents a serious drawback since it relies on two different techniques and requires to measure separately the signal of all the carbons of the analyzed compound, which is not always possible. To circumvent this constraint, we recently proposed a new methodology to perform 13 C isotopic analysis using an internal reference method and relying on NMR only. The method combines a highly quantitative 1 H NMR pulse sequence (named DWET) with a 13 C isotopic NMR measurement. However, the recently published DWET sequence is unsuited for samples with short T 1 , which forms a serious limitation for irm- 13 C NMR experiments where a relaxing agent is added. In this context, we suggest two variants of the DWET called Multi-WET and Profiled-WET, developed and optimized to reach the same accuracy of 1‰ with a better immunity towards T 1 variations. Their performance is evaluated on the determination of the 13 C isotopic profile of vanillin. Both pulse sequences show a 1‰ accuracy with an increased robustness to pulse miscalibrations compared to the initial DWET method. This constitutes a major advance in the context of irm- 13 C NMR since it is now possible to perform isotopic analysis with high relaxing agent concentrations, leading to a strong reduction of the overall experiment time. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 92.305 - Credit generation and use calculation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... megawatt-hrs: Credits for each engine family are calculated as: Emission credits=(Std − FEL) × (UL) × (Production) × (Fp) × (10−3 kW-Mg/MW-g). (2) Where: (i) Std=the applicable locomotive and locomotive engine NOX and/or PM emission standard in grams per kilowatt-hour (exceptions: Std=0.43 g/kW-hr, for Tier 0...

78 FR 14467 - Energy Conservation Program: Availability of the Preliminary Technical Support Document for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-06

.... EERE-2011-BT-STD-0006] RIN 1904-AC43 Energy Conservation Program: Availability of the Preliminary... paragraph, on the first and second lines, `` GSFL-IRL_2011-STD[email protected] '' should read `` GSFL-IRL_2011-STD[email protected] ''. [FR Doc. C1-2013-04711 Filed 3-5-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 1505-01-D ...

75 FR 7929 - Airworthiness Directives; Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (EMBRAER) Model ERJ 190-100 LR...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-23

... Directives; Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (EMBRAER) Model ERJ 190-100 LR, -100 IGW, -100 STD, -200 STD, -200 LR, and -200 IGW Airplanes AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), Department of... applies to Empresa Brasileira de Aeronautica S.A. (EMBRAER) Model ERJ 190-100 LR, -100 IGW, -100 STD, -200...

40 CFR 92.305 - Credit generation and use calculation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... megawatt-hrs: Credits for each engine family are calculated as: Emission credits=(Std − FEL) × (UL) × (Production) × (Fp) × (10−3 kW-Mg/MW-g). (2) Where: (i) Std=the applicable locomotive and locomotive engine NOX and/or PM emission standard in grams per kilowatt-hour (exceptions: Std=0.43 g/kW-hr, for Tier 0...

40 CFR 92.305 - Credit generation and use calculation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... megawatt-hrs: Credits for each engine family are calculated as: Emission credits=(Std − FEL) × (UL) × (Production) × (Fp) × (10−3 kW-Mg/MW-g). (2) Where: (i) Std=the applicable locomotive and locomotive engine NOX and/or PM emission standard in grams per kilowatt-hour (exceptions: Std=0.43 g/kW-hr, for Tier 0...

40 CFR 92.305 - Credit generation and use calculation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... megawatt-hrs: Credits for each engine family are calculated as: Emission credits=(Std − FEL) × (UL) × (Production) × (Fp) × (10−3 kW-Mg/MW-g). (2) Where: (i) Std=the applicable locomotive and locomotive engine NOX and/or PM emission standard in grams per kilowatt-hour (exceptions: Std=0.43 g/kW-hr, for Tier 0...

Exploring Gender Differences in the Relationship between HIV/STD Testing and Condom Use among Undergraduate College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bontempi, Jean Breny; Mugno, Raymond; Bulmer, Sandra M.; Danvers, Karina; Vancour, Michele L.

2009-01-01

Background: Rates of HIV/AIDS, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), are increasing among university students. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the relationship between condom use and (1) HIV/STD testing behaviors, (2) STD treatment behaviors and, (3) alcohol use behaviors. Methods: A survey was…

Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviours Related to STD Risk, Prevention, and Screening among a Sample of African American Men and Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uhrig, Jennifer D.; Friedman, Allison; Poehlman, Jon; Scales, Monica; Forsythe, Ann

2014-01-01

Objective: Current data on sexually transmitted disease (STD) among African Americans show significant racial/ethnic disparities. The purpose of this study was to explore knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours related to STD risk, prevention, and testing among African American adults to help inform the development of a health communication…

78 FR 64221 - CDC/HRSA Advisory Committee on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment; Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

... Advisory Committee on HIV, Viral Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment; Notice of Meeting In... Hepatitis and STD Prevention and Treatment Dates and Times: November 13, 2013, 10:00 a.m.-4:30 p.m. November... Administrator, HRSA, regarding activities related to prevention and control of HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis and...

Predicting Condom Use among STD Clinic Patients Using the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) Model

PubMed Central

Scott-Sheldon, Lori A. J.; Carey, Michael P.; Vanable, Peter A.; Senn, Theresa E.; Coury-Doniger, Patricia; Urban, Marguerite A.

2010-01-01

We assessed determinants of condom use postulated by the IMB model among STD patients (N = 1,474). The model provided acceptable fit to the data (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04). Information was unrelated to condom use but had a negative effect on behavioral skills. Motivation had a positive effect on behavioral skills and condom use. Behavioral skills had a positive effect on condom use. In multiple-groups analyses, stronger associations between motivation and condom use were found among participants reporting no prior STD treatment. Interventions among STD patients should include activities addressing condom use motivation and directly enhancing condom skills. PMID:20453055

Active FPGA Security Through Decoy Circuits

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

enable : in std_logic; -- enable for muxes sel1, sel2 : in std_logic; sel3, sel4 : in std_logic; o1, o2 : out std_logic; o3, o4 : out...NOT i1 AND i2 AND NOT i5) OR (NOT i2 AND NOT i4 AND i5); process(enable, sel4 , sel3, sel2, sel1) – the multiplexer begin if enable = 𔃻’ then...if sel4 = 𔃺’ then o4 <= out14; else o4 <= out24; end if; if sel3 = 𔃺’ then o3 <= out13; else o3 <= out23; end if; if

Sexually transmitted diseases in transient British forces in the tropics.

PubMed

Adams, E J; Strike, P W; Green, A D; Masterton, R G

1994-04-01

To compare the incidence of sexually transmitted diseases (STD) in British troops in the tropics with that in a standard population. Retrospective analysis of STD clinic records over one calendar year. A British Military Hospital in the Tropics serving 1441 resident personnel. All patients attending a STD clinic. 815 cases of STD were recorded during the study period, giving incidence rate of 56,558 per 100,000 population per year. When compared with a matched population from England and Wales, the age standardised relative risk for STD amongst tropical troops was 25.0 (95% confidence interval 24.9 to 25.1). Thirty nine percent of cases reported prostitute contact as a source of their disease. Of patients questioned about condom usage, 70% reported that they did not normally use a condom. British troops spending short periods of time in a tropical environment are significantly more likely to acquire a STD than men in the same age groups in England and Wales. The proportions of cases who reported that they did not use condoms and the number who cited prostitute contact as a source of infection indicate that even greater sexual education of troops on deployment overseas may be required.

[Factors associated with condom use and knowledge about STD/AIDS among teenagers in public and private schools in São Paulo, Brazil].

PubMed

Martins, Laura B Motta; da Costa-Paiva, Lúcia Helena S; Osis, Maria José D; de Sousa, Maria Helena; Pinto-Neto, Aarão M; Tadini, Valdir

2006-02-01

This study aimed to compare knowledge about STD/AIDS and identify the factors associated with adequate knowledge and consistent use of male condoms in teenagers from public and private schools in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. We selected 1,594 adolescents ranging 12 to 19 years of age in 13 public schools and 5 private schools to complete a questionnaire on knowledge of STD/AIDS and use of male condoms. Prevalence ratios were computed with a 95% confidence interval. The score on STD knowledge used a cutoff point corresponding to 50% of correct answers. Statistical tests were chi-square and Poisson multiple regression. Consistent use of male condoms was 60% in private and 57.1% in public schools (p > 0.05) and was associated with male gender and lower socioeconomic status. Female gender, higher schooling, enrollment in private school, Caucasian race, and being single were associated with higher knowledge of STDs. Teenagers from public and private schools have adequate knowledge of STD prevention, however this does not include the adoption of effective prevention. Educational programs and STD/AIDS awareness-raising should be expanded in order to minimize vulnerability.

Regional meeting on behavioral interventions for STD and AIDS prevention.

PubMed

1991-01-01

The abstract of the regional meeting on behavioral interventions for sexually transmitted disease (STD) and AIDS prevention held in Jamaica in 1990, and sponsored by the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)/WHO, is provided. The conference objectives were to assess existing STD intervention programs in the Americas, to improve coordination of health approaches, to evaluate knowledge and the implication for prevention interventions, to develop evaluation procedures on program effectiveness, and to provide guidelines and regional strategies for prevention and control of STD/HIV. In the inaugural session the idea that further spread of AIDS is minimized through both HIV and STD prevention programs was introduced. Effective strategies for AIDS prevention can be adapted for STD prevention. The new sexual candor has positively affected public understanding and comprehensive research, and applies to the discussion of all STDs. Coordination of STD and AIDS activity makes more efficient use of resources, and can be adapted to specific country needs. Coordination involved information sharing on effective prevention strategies, joint planning and provision of services such as serological testing and counseling, and integration of administration, personnel, and infrastructure for HIV/AIDS and STD prevention. Primary prevention and longterm change are desired. Coordination also involves joint efforts with other health care activities such as maternal and child health. Plenary session 1 was devoted to expert opinion on specific STDs, their physical and mental impact, and their economic and environmental impact. The day 2 plenary session reported on the increases in HIV and STD prevalence, and the various opportunities and needs for intervention. Target audiences were identified as those at high risk and teens and children as anticipatory risks. Religious opinions, societal norms, and public opinion were obstacles to program support. Other sessions dealt with condom promotion, the role and training of health workers, and counseling and partner notification. The final day's discussion focused on methods and materials approaches: general public, STD service, outreach, youth, and women. The findings of the last plenary session focused on funding and staffing shortages and lack of coordinated national programs. The Kingston Declaration, which proposes a plan for action for governments, community groups, nongovernment organizations, and others, was agreed upon. Basic components of any program should be accessibility, targeted risk groups, cultural sensitivity, and local design.

Determination of Solvent Effects on Keto-Enol Equilibria of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds Using NMR: Revisiting a Classic Physical Chemistry Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, A. Gilbert; Feltman, Paul M.

2007-01-01

The use of proton NMR to determine the equilibrium position of tautomeric 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds in various solvents has been a classic physical chemistry experiment. We are presenting an expansion of the excellent description of this experiment by Garland, Shoemaker, and Nibler. Often the assumption is made that the keto tautomer is always the…

A novel method for the investigation of liquid/liquid distribution coefficients and interface permeabilities applied to the water-octanol-drug system.

PubMed

Stein, Paul C; di Cagno, Massimiliano; Bauer-Brandl, Annette

2011-09-01

In this work a new, accurate and convenient technique for the measurement of distribution coefficients and membrane permeabilities based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is described. This method is a novel implementation of localized NMR spectroscopy and enables the simultaneous analysis of the drug content in the octanol and in the water phase without separation. For validation of the method, the distribution coefficients at pH = 7.4 of four active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs), namely ibuprofen, ketoprofen, nadolol, and paracetamol (acetaminophen), were determined using a classical approach. These results were compared to the NMR experiments which are described in this work. For all substances, the respective distribution coefficients found with the two techniques coincided very well. Furthermore, the NMR experiments make it possible to follow the distribution of the drug between the phases as a function of position and time. Our results show that the technique, which is available on any modern NMR spectrometer, is well suited to the measurement of distribution coefficients. The experiments present also new insight into the dynamics of the water-octanol interface itself and permit measurement of the interface permeability.

Evaluation of protein adsorption and preferred binding regions in multimodal chromatography using NMR

PubMed Central

Chung, Wai Keen; Freed, Alexander S.; Holstein, Melissa A.; McCallum, Scott A.; Cramer, Steven M.

2010-01-01

NMR titration experiments with labeled human ubiquitin were employed in concert with chromatographic data obtained with a library of ubiquitin mutants to study the nature of protein adsorption in multimodal (MM) chromatography. The elution order of the mutants on the MM resin was significantly different from that obtained by ion-exchange chromatography. Further, the chromatographic results with the protein library indicated that mutations in a defined region induced greater changes in protein affinity to the solid support. Chemical shift mapping and determination of dissociation constants from NMR titration experiments with the MM ligand and isotopically enriched ubiquitin were used to determine and rank the relative binding affinities of interaction sites on the protein surface. The results with NMR confirmed that the protein possessed a distinct preferred binding region for the MM ligand in agreement with the chromatographic results. Finally, coarse-grained ligand docking simulations were employed to study the modes of interaction between the MM ligand and ubiquitin. The use of NMR titration experiments in concert with chromatographic data obtained with protein libraries represents a previously undescribed approach for elucidating the structural basis of protein binding affinity in MM chromatographic systems. PMID:20837551

Observation of NMR noise from solid samples.

PubMed

Schlagnitweit, Judith; Dumez, Jean-Nicolas; Nausner, Martin; Jerschow, Alexej; Elena-Herrmann, Bénédicte; Müller, Norbert

2010-11-01

We demonstrate that proton NMR noise signals, i.e. NMR spectra without excitation by radio frequency, can be obtained from solid samples. Experimental results are shown for static and magic-angle spinning conditions. In addition, a tuning procedure based on the probes' NMR noise characteristics and similar to the one described previously for liquids probes can also be used to optimize signal-to-noise ratios in ¹H-MAS experiments. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Employing a Teen Advisory Board to Adapt an Evidence-Based HIV/STD Intervention for Incarcerated African-American Adolescent Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Latham, Teaniese P.; Sales, Jessica M.; Renfro, Tiffaney L.; Boyce, Lorin S.; Rose, Eve; Murray, Colleen C.; Wingood, Gina M.; DiClemente, Ralph J.

2012-01-01

This manuscript assesses priorities and challenges of adolescent females by conducting a meeting with teen advisory board (TAB) members to collect information regarding their lives and experiences pre-, during and post-incarceration in a juvenile detention facility. Multiple themes emerged regarding the impact of incarceration on young…

Mechanistic insight into formation and changes of nanoparticles in MgF2 sols evidenced by liquid and solid state NMR.

PubMed

Karg, M; Scholz, G; König, R; Kemnitz, E

2012-02-28

The fluorolytic sol-gel reaction of magnesium methoxide with HF in methanol was studied by (19)F, (1)H and (13)C liquid and solid state NMR. In (19)F NMR five different species were identified, three of which belong to magnesium fluoride nanoparticles, i.e. NMR gave access to local structures of solid particles in suspensions. The long-term evolution of (19)F signals was followed and along with (19)F MAS NMR experiments of sols rotating at 13 kHz mechanistic insights into the ageing processes were obtained.

Internet-Based Partner Services in US Sexually Transmitted Disease Prevention Programs: 2009-2013.

PubMed

Moody, Victoria; Hogben, Matthew; Kroeger, Karen; Johnson, James

2015-01-01

Social networking sites have become increasingly popular venues for meeting sex partners. Today, some sexually transmitted disease (STD) programs conduct Internet-based partner services (IPS). The purpose of the study was to explore how the Internet is being used by STD prevention programs to perform partner services. We assessed US STD prevention programs receiving funds through the 2008-2013 Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems cooperative agreement. We (1) reviewed 2009 IPS protocols in 57 funding applications against a benchmark of national guidelines and (2) surveyed persons who conducted IPS in jurisdictions conducting IPS in 2012. Of the 57 project areas receiving Comprehensive STD Prevention Systems funds, 74% provided an IPS protocol. States with IPS protocols had larger populations and more gonorrhea and syphilis cases (t = 2.2-2.6; all Ps < .05), although not higher rates of infection. Most protocols included staffing (92%) and IPS documentation (87%) requirements, but fewer had evaluation plans (29%) or social networking site engagement strategies (16%). Authority to perform a complete range of IPS activities (send e-mail, use social networking sites) was associated with contacting more partners via IPSs (P < .05). This study provides a snapshot of IPS activities in STD programs in the United States. Further research is needed to move from assessment to generating data that can assist training efforts and program action and, finally, to enable efficient IPS programs that are integrated into STD prevention and control efforts.

Partner Services in STD Prevention Programs: A Review

PubMed Central

Hogben, Matthew; Collins, Dayne; Hoots, Brooke; O’Connor, Kevin

2015-01-01

Background Partner services have been a mainstay of public health sexually transmitted disease (STD) prevention programs for decades. The principal goals are to interrupt transmission and reduce STD morbidity and sequelae. In this paper, we review current literature with the goal of informing STD prevention programs. Methods We searched the literature for systematic reviews. We found nine reviews published between 2005 and 2014 (covering 108 studies). The reviews varied by study inclusion criteria (e.g., study methods, geographic location, infections). We abstracted major conclusions and recommendations from the reviews. Results Conclusions and recommendations were divided into patient referral interventions and provider referral interventions. For patient referral, there was evidence supporting the use of expedited partner therapy and interactive counseling, but not purely didactic instruction. Provider referral through Disease Intervention Specialists was efficacious and particularly well-supported for HIV. For other studies, modeling data and testing outcomes showed that partner notification in general reached high-prevalence populations. Reviews also suggested more focus on using technology and population-level implementation strategies. However, partner services may not be the most efficient means to reach infected persons. Conclusions Partner services programs constitute a large proportion of program STD prevention activities. Value is maximized by balancing a portfolio of patient and provider referral interventions and by blending partner notification interventions with other STD prevention interventions in overall partner services program structure. STD prevention needs program-level research and development to generate this portfolio. PMID:26779688

Identification and MS-assisted interpretation of genetically influenced NMR signals in human plasma

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) provides robust readouts of many metabolic parameters in one experiment. However, identification of clinically relevant markers in 1H NMR spectra is a major challenge. Association of NMR-derived quantities with genetic variants can uncover biologically relevant metabolic traits. Using NMR data of plasma samples from 1,757 individuals from the KORA study together with 655,658 genetic variants, we show that ratios between NMR intensities at two chemical shift positions can provide informative and robust biomarkers. We report seven loci of genetic association with NMR-derived traits (APOA1, CETP, CPS1, GCKR, FADS1, LIPC, PYROXD2) and characterize these traits biochemically using mass spectrometry. These ratios may now be used in clinical studies. PMID:23414815

Characterizing slow chemical exchange in nucleic acids by carbon CEST and low spin-lock field R(1ρ) NMR spectroscopy.

PubMed

Zhao, Bo; Hansen, Alexandar L; Zhang, Qi

2014-01-08

Quantitative characterization of dynamic exchange between various conformational states provides essential insights into the molecular basis of many regulatory RNA functions. Here, we present an application of nucleic-acid-optimized carbon chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and low spin-lock field R(1ρ) relaxation dispersion (RD) NMR experiments in characterizing slow chemical exchange in nucleic acids that is otherwise difficult if not impossible to be quantified by the ZZ-exchange NMR experiment. We demonstrated the application on a 47-nucleotide fluoride riboswitch in the ligand-free state, for which CEST and R(1ρ) RD profiles of base and sugar carbons revealed slow exchange dynamics involving a sparsely populated (p ~ 10%) and shortly lived (τ ~ 10 ms) NMR "invisible" state. The utility of CEST and low spin-lock field R(1ρ) RD experiments in studying slow exchange was further validated in characterizing an exchange as slow as ~60 s(-1).

Characterizing Slow Chemical Exchange in Nucleic Acids by Carbon CEST and Low Spin-Lock Field R1ρ NMR Spectroscopy

PubMed Central

Zhao, Bo; Hansen, Alexandar L.; Zhang, Qi

2016-01-01

Quantitative characterization of dynamic exchange between various conformational states provides essential insights into the molecular basis of many regulatory RNA functions. Here, we present an application of nucleic-acid-optimized carbon chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) and low spin-lock field R1ρ relaxation dispersion (RD) NMR experiments in characterizing slow chemical exchange in nucleic acids that is otherwise difficult if not impossible to be quantified by the ZZ-exchange NMR experiment. We demonstrated the application on a 47-nucleotide fluoride riboswitch in the ligand-free state, for which CEST and R1ρ RD profiles of base and sugar carbons revealed slow exchange dynamics involving a sparsely populated (p ~ 10%) and shortly lived (τ ~ 10 ms) NMR “invisible” state. The utility of CEST and low spin-lock field R1ρ RD experiments in studying slow exchange was further validated in characterizing an exchange as slow as ~60 s−1. PMID:24299272

Orphan spin operators enable the acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D magic angle spinning solid-state NMR spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gopinath, T.; Veglia, Gianluigi

2013-05-01

We propose a general method that enables the acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D solid-state NMR spectra for U-13C, 15N-labeled proteins. This method, called MEIOSIS (Multiple ExperIments via Orphan SpIn operatorS), makes it possible to detect four coherence transfer pathways simultaneously, utilizing orphan (i.e., neglected) spin operators of nuclear spin polarization generated during 15N-13C cross polarization (CP). In the MEIOSIS experiments, two phase-encoded free-induction decays are decoded into independent nuclear polarization pathways using Hadamard transformations. As a proof of principle, we show the acquisition of multiple 2D and 3D spectra of U-13C, 15N-labeled microcrystalline ubiquitin. Hadamard decoding of CP coherences into multiple independent spin operators is a new concept in solid-state NMR and is extendable to many other multidimensional experiments. The MEIOSIS method will increase the throughput of solid-state NMR techniques for microcrystalline proteins, membrane proteins, and protein fibrils.

Changes in NMR relaxation times of adjacent muscle after implantation of malignant and normal tissue.

PubMed Central

Ling, C. R.; Foster, M. A.; Mallard, J. R.

1979-01-01

In separate experiments, normal foreign tissue and malignant tumour were implanted s.c. into the rat thigh. NMR T1 values of the adjacent normal muscle, resulting from local inflammatory reactions or from malignant invasion, were measured. Elevations in T1 of the underlying muscle occurred within 24 h in both experiments, and it is believed these were caused by rapid inflammatory and immunological reactions to the implants. However the T1 values of muscle samples adjacent to the non-malignant implants decreased during the 11 days after implantation, dropping to values within the normal range. In the second experiment there was progressive malignant invasion into the normal adjacent tissue and the elevated T1 values were maintained throughout the 12-day period. The effects of the implantation on tissue water content are discussed in relation to NMR T1 relaxation times, and the relevance to whole-body NMR imaging of elevated T1 values due to nonmalignant pathological states is considered. PMID:526431

Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Biomolecular NMR Spectroscopy at High Magnetic Field with Fast Magic-Angle Spinning.

PubMed

Jaudzems, Kristaps; Bertarello, Andrea; Chaudhari, Sachin R; Pica, Andrea; Cala-De Paepe, Diane; Barbet-Massin, Emeline; Pell, Andrew J; Akopjana, Inara; Kotelovica, Svetlana; Gajan, David; Ouari, Olivier; Tars, Kaspars; Pintacuda, Guido; Lesage, Anne

2018-06-18

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) is a powerful way to overcome the sensitivity limitation of magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR experiments. However, the resolution of the DNP NMR spectra of proteins is compromised by severe line broadening associated with the necessity to perform experiments at cryogenic temperatures and in the presence of paramagnetic radicals. High-quality DNP-enhanced NMR spectra of the Acinetobacter phage 205 (AP205) nucleocapsid can be obtained by combining high magnetic field (800 MHz) and fast MAS (40 kHz). These conditions yield enhanced resolution and long coherence lifetimes allowing the acquisition of resolved 2D correlation spectra and of previously unfeasible scalar-based experiments. This enables the assignment of aromatic resonances of the AP205 coat protein and its packaged RNA, as well as the detection of long-range contacts, which are not observed at room temperature, opening new possibilities for structure determination. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

qHNMR Analysis of Purity of Common Organic Solvents--An Undergraduate Quantitative Analysis Laboratory Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Peter T.; Whaley, W. Lance; Tochterman, Alyssa D.; Mueller, Karl S.; Schultz, Linda D.

2017-01-01

NMR spectroscopy is currently a premier technique for structural elucidation of organic molecules. Quantitative NMR (qNMR) methodology has developed more slowly but is now widely accepted, especially in the areas of natural product and medicinal chemistry. However, many undergraduate students are not routinely exposed to this important concept.…

10 CFR 431.444 - Test procedures for the measurement of energy efficiency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... the following test methods: (1) Single-phase small electric motors: Either IEEE Std 114-2010 or CSA... to 1 horsepower (0.75 kW): Either IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Method A or CSA C747 (incorporated by...): Either IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Method B or CSA C390-10 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.443). [74 FR...

10 CFR 431.444 - Test procedures for the measurement of energy efficiency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the following test methods: (1) Single-phase small electric motors: Either IEEE Std 114-2010 or CSA... to 1 horsepower (0.75 kW): Either IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Method A or CSA C747 (incorporated by...): Either IEEE Std 112-2004 Test Method B or CSA C390-10 (incorporated by reference, see § 431.443). [74 FR...

Effectiveness of Two Versions of a STD/HIV Prevention Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO VERSIONS OF A STD/HIV PREVENTION PROGRAM S . Booth-Kewley R. A. Shaffer...R. Y. Minagawa S . K. Brodine Report No. 01-01 Approved for public release; distribution unlimited...of a behavioral intervention called the STD/HIV Intervention Program (SHIP) in a sample of Marines. Marines were exposed to either a 6 hr or a 3 hr

Decontamination System Utilizing Hydrogen Peroxide, UV Light and Catalytic Surfaces

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-02-01

Min %DMO RecoveredDisk# Catalyst (relative to control) 1 Ag 2 0 5.4 2 Ag2 0 10.1 4 FeTiO3 56 5 FeTio3 48 7 None 558 None 56 Control None 100 Ag 2 0...Std. Ag2 0 44 FeTiO3 Std. FeTiO3 100 Reference 87 - 36 - Table 9g. Experiment U, 1-09-91, 50% H2 02 , No UV Light, Run Time - 40 Min % DMO...Ag 2 0 2 7.8 44 1-09 T FeTiO3 2 52 100 1-09 U MnO 2 59 921-09 U Mn304 2 62 89 1-21 Y Ag 2 S/CaCO3 2 36 103 1-21 Y Ag 2 S 2 39 100 1-21 Z FeS2 2 6.0

Protecting Adolescents' Right to Seek Treatment for Sexually Transmitted Diseases without Parental Consent: The Arizona Experience with Senate Bill 1309

PubMed Central

Goodwin, Kimberly D.; Taylor, Melanie M.; Brown, Erin C. Fuse; Winscott, Michelle; Scanlon, Megan; Hodge, James G.; Mickey, Tom; England, Bob

2012-01-01

In 2010, Senate Bill 1309 included language to repeal an existing Arizona law that enables minors younger than 18 years of age to seek diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) without parental consent. Numerous implications were identified that would have stemmed from parental consent provisions originally proffered in Senate Bill 1309. These implications included diminished access to essential health services among minors, exacerbated existing health disparities, increased health-care spending costs, and thwarted efforts to curb the spread of STDs. Lastly, minors would have been deprived of existing privacy protections concerning their STD-related medical information. This case study describes how collaborative advocacy efforts resulted in the successful amendment of Senate Bill 1309 to avert the negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes among adolescents stemming from the potential repeal of their existing legal right to seek STD treatment without parental consent. PMID:22547855

Protecting adolescents' right to seek treatment for sexually transmitted diseases without parental consent: the Arizona experience with Senate Bill 1309.

PubMed

Goodwin, Kimberly D; Taylor, Melanie M; Brown, Erin C Fuse; Winscott, Michelle; Scanlon, Megan; Hodge, James G; Mickey, Tom; England, Bob

2012-01-01

In 2010, Senate Bill 1309 included language to repeal an existing Arizona law that enables minors younger than 18 years of age to seek diagnosis and treatment of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) without parental consent. Numerous implications were identified that would have stemmed from parental consent provisions originally proffered in Senate Bill 1309. These implications included diminished access to essential health services among minors, exacerbated existing health disparities, increased health-care spending costs, and thwarted efforts to curb the spread of STDs. Lastly, minors would have been deprived of existing privacy protections concerning their STD-related medical information. This case study describes how collaborative advocacy efforts resulted in the successful amendment of Senate Bill 1309 to avert the negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes among adolescents stemming from the potential repeal of their existing legal right to seek STD treatment without parental consent.

[Analysis on willingness to receive human papillomavirus vaccination among risk males and related factors].

PubMed

Meng, Xiaojun; Jia, Tianjian; Zhang, Xuan; Zhu, Chen; Chen, Xin; Zou, Huachun

2015-10-01

To understand the willingness to receive human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination of men who have sex with men (MSM) and the male clients of sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics and related factors in China. MSM were enrolled from the community through snowball sampling and male clients of STD clinics were enrolled from a sexual health clinic through convenience sampling in Wuxi, China. A questionnaire survey on the subjects' socio-demographic characteristics and the awareness of HPV was conducted. A total of 186 MSM and 182 STD clients were recruited. The awareness rates of HPV were 18.4% and 23.1%, respectively and the awareness rates of HPV vaccination were 10.2% and 15.4%, respectively. STD clinic clients (70.9%) were more likely to receive HPV vaccination than MSM (34.9%) (χ² = 47.651, P<0.01). Only 26.2% of MSM and 20.2% of STD clinic clients were willing to receive free HPV vaccination before the age of 20 years. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MSM who had passive anal sex (OR=2.831, 95% CI: 1.703-13.526) , MSM who never used condom in anal sex in the past 6 months (OR=3.435, 95% CI: 1.416-20.108) , MSM who had been diagnosed with STDs (OR=1.968, 95% CI: 1.201-8.312) and STD clinic clients who had commercial sex with females in the past 3 months (OR=1.748, 95% CI: 1.207-8.539) , STD clinic clients who never used condom in commercial sex in the past 3 months (OR=1.926, 95% CI: 1.343-5.819) and STD clinic clients who had been diagnosed with STDs in past 12 months (OR=2.017, 95% CI: 1.671-7.264) were more likely to receive free HPV vaccination. Sexually active MSM and male clients in STD clinics in China had lower awareness of the HPV related knowledge. Their willing to receive HPV vaccination were influenced by their behavior related factors. It is necessary to strengthen the health education about HPV and improve people's awareness of HPV vaccination.

Analysis of Bromination of Ethylbenzene Using a 45 MHz NMR Spectrometer: An Undergraduate Organic Chemistry Laboratory Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isaac-Lam, Meden F.

2014-01-01

A 45 MHz benchtop NMR spectrometer is used to identify the structures and determine the amount of 1-bromoethylbenzene and 1,1-dibromoethylbenzene produced from free-radical bromination of ethylbenzene. The experiment is designed for nonchemistry majors, specifically B.S. Biology students, in a predominantly undergraduate institution with…

Double cross-polarization MAS NMR in the assignment of abundant-spin resonances: ¹⁹F-{²⁹Si}-¹⁹F FBCP/MAS NMR of fluoride ions incorporated in calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases.

PubMed

Tran, Thuan T; Bildsøe, Henrik; Jakobsen, Hans J; Skibsted, Jørgen

2012-08-01

A new version of the double cross-polarization MAS NMR experiment, which transfers polarization Forth and Back (FBCP) between high- and low-γ spin nuclei, is presented. The pulse sequence is demonstrated by ¹⁹F-{²⁹Si}-¹⁹F and ¹⁹F-{¹³C}-¹⁹F FBCP NMR spectra of a mixture of cuspidine (Ca₄Si₂O₇F₂) and Teflon (-CF₂-)(n). The experiment is useful for assignment of the high-γ spin resonances, as demonstrated by ¹⁹F-{²⁹Si}-¹⁹F FBCP NMR of a fluoride-containing calcium-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) phase, where the ¹⁹F resonance from fluoride ions incorporated in the interlayer structure of the C-S-H phase is identified. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A general algorithm for peak-tracking in multi-dimensional NMR experiments.

PubMed

Ravel, P; Kister, G; Malliavin, T E; Delsuc, M A

2007-04-01

We present an algorithmic method allowing automatic tracking of NMR peaks in a series of spectra. It consists in a two phase analysis. The first phase is a local modeling of the peak displacement between two consecutive experiments using distance matrices. Then, from the coefficients of these matrices, a value graph containing the a priori set of possible paths used by these peaks is generated. On this set, the minimization under constraint of the target function by a heuristic approach provides a solution to the peak-tracking problem. This approach has been named GAPT, standing for General Algorithm for NMR Peak Tracking. It has been validated in numerous simulations resembling those encountered in NMR spectroscopy. We show the robustness and limits of the method for situations with many peak-picking errors, and presenting a high local density of peaks. It is then applied to the case of a temperature study of the NMR spectrum of the Lipid Transfer Protein (LTP).

NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis

PubMed Central

Gomez, M Victoria

2017-01-01

Recent advances in the use of flow chemistry with in-line and on-line analysis by NMR are presented. The use of macro- and microreactors, coupled with standard and custom made NMR probes involving microcoils, incorporated into high resolution and benchtop NMR instruments is reviewed. Some recent selected applications have been collected, including synthetic applications, the determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and reaction optimization, even in single experiments and on the μL scale. Finally, software that allows automatic reaction monitoring and optimization is discussed. PMID:28326137

NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis.

PubMed

Gomez, M Victoria; de la Hoz, Antonio

2017-01-01

Recent advances in the use of flow chemistry with in-line and on-line analysis by NMR are presented. The use of macro- and microreactors, coupled with standard and custom made NMR probes involving microcoils, incorporated into high resolution and benchtop NMR instruments is reviewed. Some recent selected applications have been collected, including synthetic applications, the determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and reaction optimization, even in single experiments and on the μL scale. Finally, software that allows automatic reaction monitoring and optimization is discussed.

IEEE Std 730 Software Quality Assurance: Supporting CMMI-DEV v1.3, Product and Process Quality Assurance

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-27

frameworks 4 CMMI-DEV IEEE / ISO / IEC 15288 / 12207 Quality Assurance ©2011 Walz IEEE Life Cycle Processes & Artifacts • Systems Life Cycle Processes...TAG to ISO TC 176 Quality Management • Quality: ASQ, work experience • Software: three books, consulting, work experience • Systems: Telecom & DoD...and IEEE 730 SQA need to align. The P730 IEEE standards working group has expanded the scope of the SQA process standard to align with IS 12207

Characterization of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals and Salts by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao, Li; Hanrahan, Michael P.; Chakravarty, Paroma

Multicomponent solids such as cocrystals have emerged as a way to control and engineer the stability, solubility and manufacturability of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Cocrystals are typically formed by solution- or solid-phase reactions of APIs with suitable cocrystal coformers, which are often weak acids. One key structural question about a given multicomponent solid is whether it should be classified as a salt, where the basic API is protonated by the acid, or as a cocrystal, where the API and coformer remain neutral and engage in hydrogen bonding interactions. It has previously been demonstrated that solid-state NMR spectroscopy is amore » powerful probe of structure in cocrystals and salts of APIs, however, the poor sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy usually restricts the types of experiments that can be performed. Here relayed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was applied to reduce solid-state NMR experiments by one to two orders of magnitude for salts and cocrystals of a complex API. The large sensitivity gains from DNP facilitates rapid acquisition of natural isotopic abundance 13C and 15N solid-state NMR spectra. Critically, DNP enables double resonance 1H-15N solid-state NMR experiments such as 2D 1H-15N HETCOR, 1H-15N CP-build up, 15N{1H} J-resolved/attached proton tests, 1H-15N DIPSHIFT and 1H-15N PRESTO. The latter two experiments allow 1H-15N dipolar coupling constants and H-N bond lengths to be accurately measured, providing an unambiguous assignment of nitrogen protonation state and definitive classification of the multi-component solids as cocrystals or salts. In conclusion, these types of measurements should also be extremely useful in the context of polymorph discrimination, NMR crystallography structure determination and for probing hydrogen bonding in a variety of organic materials.« less

Characterization of Pharmaceutical Cocrystals and Salts by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization-Enhanced Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy

DOE PAGES

Zhao, Li; Hanrahan, Michael P.; Chakravarty, Paroma; ...

2018-02-15

Multicomponent solids such as cocrystals have emerged as a way to control and engineer the stability, solubility and manufacturability of solid active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). Cocrystals are typically formed by solution- or solid-phase reactions of APIs with suitable cocrystal coformers, which are often weak acids. One key structural question about a given multicomponent solid is whether it should be classified as a salt, where the basic API is protonated by the acid, or as a cocrystal, where the API and coformer remain neutral and engage in hydrogen bonding interactions. It has previously been demonstrated that solid-state NMR spectroscopy is amore » powerful probe of structure in cocrystals and salts of APIs, however, the poor sensitivity of solid-state NMR spectroscopy usually restricts the types of experiments that can be performed. Here relayed dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) was applied to reduce solid-state NMR experiments by one to two orders of magnitude for salts and cocrystals of a complex API. The large sensitivity gains from DNP facilitates rapid acquisition of natural isotopic abundance 13C and 15N solid-state NMR spectra. Critically, DNP enables double resonance 1H-15N solid-state NMR experiments such as 2D 1H-15N HETCOR, 1H-15N CP-build up, 15N{1H} J-resolved/attached proton tests, 1H-15N DIPSHIFT and 1H-15N PRESTO. The latter two experiments allow 1H-15N dipolar coupling constants and H-N bond lengths to be accurately measured, providing an unambiguous assignment of nitrogen protonation state and definitive classification of the multi-component solids as cocrystals or salts. In conclusion, these types of measurements should also be extremely useful in the context of polymorph discrimination, NMR crystallography structure determination and for probing hydrogen bonding in a variety of organic materials.« less

Motions and entropies in proteins as seen in NMR relaxation experiments and molecular dynamics simulations.

PubMed

Allnér, Olof; Foloppe, Nicolas; Nilsson, Lennart

2015-01-22

Molecular dynamics simulations of E. coli glutaredoxin1 in water have been performed to relate the dynamical parameters and entropy obtained in NMR relaxation experiments, with results extracted from simulated trajectory data. NMR relaxation is the most widely used experimental method to obtain data on dynamics of proteins, but it is limited to relatively short timescales and to motions of backbone amides or in some cases (13)C-H vectors. By relating the experimental data to the all-atom picture obtained in molecular dynamics simulations, valuable insights on the interpretation of the experiment can be gained. We have estimated the internal dynamics and their timescales by calculating the generalized order parameters (O) for different time windows. We then calculate the quasiharmonic entropy (S) and compare it to the entropy calculated from the NMR-derived generalized order parameter of the amide vectors. Special emphasis is put on characterizing dynamics that are not expressed through the motions of the amide group. The NMR and MD methods suffer from complementary limitations, with NMR being restricted to local vectors and dynamics on a timescale determined by the rotational diffusion of the solute, while in simulations, it may be difficult to obtain sufficient sampling to ensure convergence of the results. We also evaluate the amount of sampling obtained with molecular dynamics simulations and how it is affected by the length of individual simulations, by clustering of the sampled conformations. We find that two structural turns act as hinges, allowing the α helix between them to undergo large, long timescale motions that cannot be detected in the time window of the NMR dipolar relaxation experiments. We also show that the entropy obtained from the amide vector does not account for correlated motions of adjacent residues. Finally, we show that the sampling in a total of 100 ns molecular dynamics simulation can be increased by around 50%, by dividing the trajectory into 10 replicas with different starting velocities.

Characterization of active phosphorus surface sites at synthetic carbonate-free fluorapatite using single-pulse 1H, 31P, and 31P CP MAS NMR.

PubMed

Jarlbring, Mathias; Sandström, Dan E; Antzutkin, Oleg N; Forsling, Willis

2006-05-09

The chemically active phosphorus surface sites defined as PO(x), PO(x)H, and PO(x)H2, where x = 1, 2, or 3, and the bulk phosphorus groups of PO4(3-) at synthetic carbonate-free fluorapatite (Ca5(PO4)3F) have been studied by means of single-pulse 1H,31P, and 31P CP MAS NMR. The changes in composition and relative amounts of each surface species are evaluated as a function of pH. By combining spectra from single-pulse 1H and 31P MAS NMR and data from 31P CP MAS NMR experiments at varying contact times in the range 0.2-3.0 ms, it has been possible to distinguish between resonance lines in the NMR spectra originating from active surface sites and bulk phosphorus groups and also to assign the peaks in the NMR spectra to the specific phosphorus species. In the 31P CP MAS NMR experiments, the spinning frequency was set to 4.2 kHz; in the single-pulse 1H MAS NMR experiments, the spinning frequency was 10 kHz. The 31P CP MAS NMR spectrum of fluorapatite at pH 5.9 showed one dominating resonance line at 2.9 ppm assigned to originate from PO4(3-) groups and two weaker shoulder peaks at 5.4 and 0.8 ppm which were assigned to the unprotonated PO(x) (PO, PO2-, and PO3(2-)) and protonated PO(x)H (PO2H and PO3H-) surface sites. At pH 12.7, the intensity of the peak representing unprotonated PO(x) surface sites has increased 1.7% relative to the bulk peak, while the intensity of the peaks of the protonated species PO(x)H have decreased 1.4% relative to the bulk peak. At pH 3.5, a resonance peak at -4.5 ppm has appeared in the 31P CP MAS NMR spectrum assigned to the surface species PO(x)H2 (PO3H2). The results from the 1H MAS and 31P CP MAS NMR measurements indicated that H+, OH-, and physisorbed H2O at the surface were released during the drying process at 200 degrees C.

[Nurses' perceptions of the vulnerabilities to STD/AIDS in light of the process of adolescence].

PubMed

Silva, Ítalo Rodolfo; Gomes, Antonio Marcos Tosoli; Valadares, Glaucia Valente; dos Santos, Nereida Lúcia Palko; da Silva, Thiago Privado; Leite, Joséte Luzia

2015-09-01

to understand the perception of nurses on the vulnerabilities to STD/AIDS in light of the process of adolescence. qualitative research conducted with 15 nurses in a centre for the studies of adolescent healthcare of a university hospital in Rio de Janeiro/Brazil. The adopted theoretical and methodological frameworks were the Complexity Theory and the Grounded Theory, respectively. The semi-structured interview was used to collect data from January to August 2012. this research presents the category: Nurses' perceptions of the vulnerabilities to STD/AIDS in light of the process of adolescence, and the subcategories: Risks and uncertainties of the process of adolescence: paths to STD/AIDS; Age-adolescence complex: expanding knowledge from the perception of nurses. once the nurses understand the complexity of adolescence, they create strategies to reduce the vulnerability of adolescents to STD/AIDS. This signals the need to invest in education, assistance and the management of nursing care for adolescents.

HIV/STD Stigmatization Fears as Health Seeking Barriers in China

PubMed Central

Lieber, Eli; Li, Li; Wu, Zunyou; Rotheram-Borus, Mary Jane; Guan, Jihui

2005-01-01

Internationally, stigma prohibits effective HIV/STD identification, prevention, and care. Interviews with 106 persons in an urban center in Eastern China, some know to have engaged in stigmatized risk acts (sex workers, STD clinic patients) and some vulnerable for stigmatization fears to influence health seeking behaviors (market employees, rural-to-urban migrants). Interviews focused on community norms, values, beliefs, and emotional and behavioral reactions to HIV/STD stigmatization related events. Attributions for infection were found to: mark individual's failure to adhere to sexuality norms; define a condition warranting the avoidance of infected persons and dismissal by medical professionals; and promote anticipation of negative emotions (i.e., shame, fear, and embarrassment) and devalued social roles and status. Strategies reported to avoid stigmatization include: avoiding HIV/STD knowledge; avoiding health care professionals, particularly in public settings; and conforming to community norms of shunning those suspected of risky behaviors. Results have direct implications for community marketing campaigns in China. PMID:16374668

Compact, Low-Overhead, MIL-STD-1553B Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katz, Richard; Barto, Rod

2009-01-01

A compact and flexible controller has been developed to provide MIL-STD- 1553B Remote Terminal (RT) communications and supporting and related functions with minimal demand on the resources of the system in which the controller is to be installed. (MIL-STD-1553B is a military standard that encompasses a method of communication and electrical-interface requirements for digital electronic subsystems connected to a data bus. MIL-STD-1553B is commonly used in defense and space applications.) Many other MIL-STD-1553B RT controllers are complicated, and to enable them to function, it is necessary to provide software and to use such ancillary separate hardware devices as microprocessors and dual-port memories. The present controller functions without need for software and any ancillary hardware. In addition, it contains a flexible system interface and extensive support hardware while including on-chip error-checking and diagnostic support circuitry. This controller is implemented within part of a modern field-programmable gate array.

Social Support Networks: An Underutilized Resource for the Prevention of HIV and other Sexually Transmitted Diseases among Hispanic/Latino Migrants and Immigrants.

PubMed

Painter, Thomas M

2018-01-01

Hispanic/Latino migrants and immigrants are vulnerable to infection by HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Participation in social support networks helps them cope with circumstances in the U.S. Studies of Hispanic/Latino migrants suggest that participation may also be protective against HIV/STD infection. However the studies do not satisfactorily explain how participation leads to protective actions, and recommend externally-induced interventions for HIV/STD prevention rather than incorporating the spontaneously occurring forms of social support they describe. Given the potential protective effects of support networks, a database search was conducted to ascertain the extent to which published HIV/STD prevention interventions for these populations incorporate their support networks. Very few interventions were identified and fewer still incorporate support networks. This commentary calls for research to understand more fully how support networks affect HIV/STD risks among Hispanic/Latino migrants and immigrants and identifies potential benefits of incorporating these networks in HIV/STD prevention for these vulnerable populations.