The geometry and volume of melt beneath Ethiopia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kendall, J. M.; Hammond, J. O. S.

2016-12-01

A range of seismic measurements can be used to map melt distribution in the crust and uppermost mantle. These include seismic P- and S-wave velocities derived from surface- and body-wave tomography, Vp/Vs ratios obtained from receiver functions, and estimates of seismic anisotropy and attenuation. The most obvious melt parameter that seismic data might be sensitive to is volume fraction. However, such data are more sensitive to the aspect ratio of melt inclusions, which is controlled by the melt wetting angle or in other words the shape of the melt inclusion. To better understand this we perform numerical modelling, varying the shape and amount of melt, to show how various seismic phases are effected by melt. To consider the effects on seismic anisotropy we assume that the melt can be stored in pockets of melt that are either horizontally or vertically aligned (e.g., sills versus dykes). We then consider a range of seismic observations from the rifting environment of Ethiopia. Recent studies of P- and S-wave tomography, Rayleigh and Love waves, and Pn or wide angle P-wave refractions provide provide complimentary constraints on melt volume, orientation and inclusion aspect ratio. Furthermore, receiver functions and shear-wave splitting in body waves show strong anisotropy in this region and can be used to constrain the strike of vertically-aligned partial melt. We show that melt in the mantle beneath Ethiopia is likely stored in low aspect ratio disk-like inclusions, suggesting melt is not in textural equilibrium. We estimate that 2-7% vertically aligned melt is stored beneath the Main Ethiopian Rift, >6% horizontally and vertically aligned melt is stored beneath the Afar-region of the Red Sea Rift and 1-6% horizontally aligned melt is stored beneath the Danakil microplate. This supports ideas of strong shear-derived segregation of melt in narrow parts of the rift and large volumes of melt beneath Afar.

Spent Fuel Working Group Report. Volume 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O`Toole, T.

1993-11-01

The Department of Energy is storing large amounts of spent nuclear fuel and other reactor irradiated nuclear materials (herein referred to as RINM). In the past, the Department reprocessed RINM to recover plutonium, tritium, and other isotopes. However, the Department has ceased or is phasing out reprocessing operations. As a consequence, Department facilities designed, constructed, and operated to store RINM for relatively short periods of time now store RINM, pending decisions on the disposition of these materials. The extended use of the facilities, combined with their known degradation and that of their stored materials, has led to uncertainties about safety.more » To ensure that extended storage is safe (i.e., that protection exists for workers, the public, and the environment), the conditions of these storage facilities had to be assessed. The compelling need for such an assessment led to the Secretary`s initiative on spent fuel, which is the subject of this report. This report comprises three volumes: Volume I; Summary Results of the Spent Fuel Working Group Evaluation; Volume II, Working Group Assessment Team Reports and Protocol; Volume III; Operating Contractor Site Team Reports. This volume presents the overall results of the Working Group`s Evaluation. The group assessed 66 facilities spread across 11 sites. It identified: (1) facilities that should be considered for priority attention. (2) programmatic issues to be considered in decision making about interim storage plans and (3) specific vulnerabilities for some of these facilities.« less

Photosynthetic Gas Exchange in the Closed Ecosystem for Space. Phase II, Part II. Studies on the Growth of Thermophilic Chlorella 71105

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leone, Donald E.

1961-01-01

Bench-scale studies with Chlorella pyrenoidosa 71105 were conducted in four- and eight-liter culture vessels, with and without recycling. It was established that the algal strain could be maintained for periods up to 72 days with supplemented re-cycled medium. In a factorial series of experiments, the highest yields were obtained with a 2.0% concentration of carbon dioxide, a 0.07 dilution factor (nutrient dilution rate/culture volume), and an 8.5 ft(exp -1) ratio of light surface to liquid culture volume. Optimum pH and concentrations of the constituents of the growth medium were determined in corollary test-tube studies. Other test-tube studies showed that the nutrient medium used for mass culture could be stored up to five weeks at 25 C or at refrigerator temperature (4 C) with little change in nitrogen-urea level. Algal suspensions stored at 4 C remained viable for periods of at least 12 weeks; growth resumed after a lag period when stored suspensions were cultured at 39 C. Streptomycin was found suitable for controlling a blue-green containment.

Study of Military Commissary Stores. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-05-01

required, can be achieved through the sales of non- food items, i.e., cigarettes, candy and health and beaut, aids (HBA), beverages , household items, and...1 Ztfl t~~A STUDY OF SMILITARY COMMISSARY STORES v K ’ -- 1 41. Reproduced by NATIONAL TECHNICAL INFORMATION SERVICEUS per em OfCcmmn~f’o f~d...Fort Lee, Virginia, is the Field Operating Agency under the DCSLOG and as such is responsible for the operational aspects of the Army Food Program

Early Impacts of a Healthy Food Distribution Program on the Availability and Price of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables in Small Retail Venues in Los Angeles.

PubMed

DeFosset, Amelia R; Gase, Lauren N; Webber, Eliza; Kuo, Tony

2017-10-01

Healthy food distribution programs that allow small retailers to purchase fresh fruits and vegetables at wholesale prices may increase the profitability of selling produce. While promising, little is known about how these programs affect the availability of fresh fruits and vegetables in underserved communities. This study examined the impacts of a healthy food distribution program in Los Angeles County over its first year of operation (August 2015-2016). Assessment methods included: (1) a brief survey examining the characteristics, purchasing habits, and attitudes of stores entering the program; (2) longitudinal tracking of sales data examining changes in the volume and variety of fruits and vegetables distributed through the program; and (3) the collection of comparison price data from wholesale market databases and local grocery stores. Seventeen stores participated in the program over the study period. One-fourth of survey respondents reported no recent experience selling produce. Analysis of sales data showed that, on average, the total volume of produce distributed through the program increased by six pounds per week over the study period (95% confidence limit: 4.50, 7.50); trends varied by store and produce type. Produce prices offered through the program approximated those at wholesale markets, and were lower than prices at full-service grocers. Results suggest that healthy food distribution programs may reduce certain supply-side barriers to offering fresh produce in small retail venues. While promising, more work is needed to understand the impacts of such programs on in-store environments and consumer behaviors.

A disposable sampling device to collect volume-measured DBS directly from a fingerprick onto DBS paper.

PubMed

Lenk, Gabriel; Sandkvist, Sören; Pohanka, Anton; Stemme, Göran; Beck, Olof; Roxhed, Niclas

2015-01-01

DBS samples collected from a fingerprick typically vary in volume and homogeneity and hence make an accurate quantitative analysis of DBS samples difficult. We report a prototype which first defines a precise liquid volume and subsequently stores it to a conventional DBS matrix. Liquid volumes of 2.2 µl ± 7.1% (n = 21) for deionized water and 6.1 µl ± 8.8% (n = 15) for whole blood have been successfully metered and stored in DBS paper. The new method of collecting a defined volume of blood by DBS sampling has the potential to reduce assay bias for the quantitative evaluation of DBS samples while maintaining the simplicity of conventional DBS sampling.

Networking of three dimensional sonography volume data.

PubMed

Kratochwil, A; Lee, A; Schoisswohl, A

2000-09-01

Three-dimensioned (3D) sonography enables the examiner to store, instead of copies from single B-scan planes, a volume consisting of 300 scan planes. The volume is displayed on a monitor in form of three orthogonal planes--longitudinal, axial and coronal. Translation and rotation facilitates anatomical orientation and provides any arbitrary plane within the volume to generate organ optimized scan planes. Different algorithms allow the extraction of different information such as surface, or bone structures by maximum mode, or fluid filled structures, such as vessels by the minimum mode. The volume may contain as well color information of vessels. The digitized information is stored on a magnetic optical disc. This allows virtual scanning in absence of the patient under the same conditions as the volume was primarily stored. The volume size is dependent on different, examiner-controlled settings. A volume may need a storage capacity between 2 and 16 MB of 8-bit gray level information. As such huge data sets are unsuitable for network transfer, data compression is of paramount interest. 100 stored volumes were submitted to JPEG, MPEG, and biorthogonal wavelet compression. The original and compressed volumes were randomly shown on two monitors. In case of noticeable image degradation, information on the location of the original and compressed volume and the ratio of compression was read. Numerical values for proving compression fidelity as pixel error calculation and computation of square root error have been unsuitable for evaluating image degradation. The best results in recognizing image degradation were achieved by image experts. The experts disagreed on the ratio where image degradation became visible in only 4% of the volumes. Wavelet compression ratios of 20:1 or 30:1 could be performed without discernible information reduction. The effect of volume compression is reflected both in the reduction of transfer time and in storage capacity. Transmission time for a volume of 6 MB using a normal telephone with a data flow of 56 kB/s was reduced from 14 min to 28 s at a compression rate of 30:1. Compression reduced storage requirements from 6 MB uncompressed to 200 kB at a compression rate of 30:1. This successful compression opens new possibilities of intra- and extra-hospital and global information for 3D sonography. The key to this communication is not only volume compression, but also the fact that the 3D examination can be simulated on any PC by the developed 3D software. PACS teleradiology using digitized radiographs transmitted over standard telephone lines. Systems in combination with the management systems of HIS and RIS are available for archiving, retrieval of images and reports and for local and global communication. This form of tele-medicine will have an impact on cost reduction in hospitals, reduction of transport costs. On this fundament worldwide education and multi-center studies becomes possible.

Volume 2 of 2 Appendices A-F Site-Specific Environmental Baseline Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-09-01

wastes are/were stored and used in this area: Alcohol/ cleaning supplies I Do you know if any spills or incidents (past or present) that have caused release...yourself: Francis Serentino What substances are or were historically stored in this area: Cleaning supplies Largest quantity stored: Length of time stored...or regulated materials or wastes are/were stored and used in this area: Cleaning supplies Do you know if any spills or incidents (past or present

Ferritin Levels and Their Association With Regional Brain Volumes in Tourette's Syndrome

PubMed Central

Gorman, Daniel A.; Zhu, Hongtu; Anderson, George M.; Davies, Mark; Peterson, Bradley S.

2008-01-01

Objective A previous small study showed lower serum ferritin levels in subjects with Tourette's syndrome than in healthy subjects. The authors measured peripheral iron indices in a large group of Tourette's syndrome and comparison subjects and explored associations of ferritin levels with regional brain volumes. Method Ferritin was measured in 107 children and adults (63 Tourette's syndrome, 44 comparison); serum iron was measured in 73 (41 Tourette's syndrome, 32 comparison). Magnetic resonance imaging scans were used to measure volumes of the basal ganglia and cortical gray matter. Results Ferritin and serum iron were significantly lower in the Tourette's syndrome subjects, although still within the normal range. No association was found between tic severity and either iron index. In the Tourette's syndrome subjects, ferritin did not correlate significantly with caudate volume but did correlate positively with putamen volume. In the comparison subjects, ferritin correlated inversely with caudate volume but did not correlate significantly with putamen volume. Irrespective of diagnosis, ferritin correlated positively with volumes of the sensorimotor, midtemporal, and subgenual cortices. Conclusions The lower peripheral ferritin and iron levels in persons with Tourette's syndrome are consistent with findings in other movement disorders and suggest that lower iron availability may have a causal role in the pathophysiology of tic disorders. Lower iron stores may contribute to hypoplasia of the caudate and putamen, increasing vulnerability to developing tics or to having more severe tics. Lower iron stores may also contribute to smaller cortical volumes and consequently to reduced inhibitory control of tics. PMID:16816233

Factors associated with supermarket and convenience store closure: a discrete time spatial survival modelling approach.

PubMed

Warren, Joshua L; Gordon-Larsen, Penny

2018-06-01

While there is a literature on the distribution of food stores across geographic and social space, much of this research uses cross-sectional data. Analyses attempting to understand whether the availability of stores across neighborhoods is associated with diet and/or health outcomes are limited by a lack of understanding of factors that shape the emergence of new stores and the closure of others. We used quarterly data on supermarket and convenience store locations spanning seven years (2006-2012) and tract-level census data in four US cities: Birmingham, Alabama; Chicago, Illinois; Minneapolis, Minnesota; San Francisco, California. A spatial discrete-time survival model was used to identify factors associated with an earlier and/or later closure time of a store. Sales volume was typically the strongest indicator of store survival. We identified heterogeneity in the association between tract-level poverty and racial composition with respect to store survival. Stores in high poverty, non-White tracts were often at a disadvantage in terms of survival length. The observed patterns of store survival varied by some of the same neighborhood sociodemographic factors associated with lifestyle and health outcomes, which could lead to confusion in interpretation in studies of the estimated effects of introduction of food stores into neighborhoods on health.

Ovarian morphology is associated with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a cross sectional study.

PubMed

Reid, Sara Pittenger; Kao, Chia-Ning; Pasch, Lauri; Shinkai, Kanade; Cedars, Marcelle I; Huddleston, Heather G

2017-01-01

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a very common disorder well known to be associated with insulin resistance and metabolic disease. Insulin resistance is likely involved in the promotion of the PCOS reproductive phenotype and may mediate some of the ovarian morphology seen in the disorder. The phenotype of each individual woman with PCOS can vary widely as can her metabolic risk. This is a cross-sectional study of patients seen in a multidisciplinary PCOS clinic at the University of California at San Francisco between 2006 and 2014. All participants underwent systematic evaluation with anthropometric measurements, comprehensive skin exam, transvaginal ultrasound and laboratory studies at the time of their initial visit to the clinic. Serum samples were stored and androgen studies were carried out on all stored samples at the University of Virginia. Logistic regression was employed to evaluate the association between ovarian volume or follicle number and metabolic parameters (fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, 2 h glucose, waist circumference) and hyperandrogenism (free testosterone, total testosterone, DHEAS, acanthosis nigricans), controlling for age. Three-hundred thirteen patients seen during the study period met Rotterdam criteria for PCOS and had sufficient measurements for inclusion in our analysis. The odds ratio of elevated HOMA-IR for patients with a maximum ovarian volume >10 cc was 1.9 compared to those with a maximum ovarian volume of ≤10 cc (95% CI 1.0-3.4). The odds ratio of abnormal fasting insulin for patients with higher ovarian volume was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.4) compared with those with lower ovarian volume. Follicle number was not significantly associated with any metabolic parameters. Increased ovarian volume is associated with markers of insulin resistance in PCOS. In concordance with prior studies, we did not find follicle number to be predictive of metabolic risk. Ovarian volume may serve as a useful tool to aid clinicians in their risk stratification and counseling of patients with PCOS.

Objective assessment of skin tightening in Asians using a water-filtered near-infrared (1,000–1,800 nm) device with contact-cooling and freezer-stored gel

PubMed Central

Tanaka, Yohei; Tsunemi, Yuichiro; Kawashima, Makoto; Tatewaki, Naoto; Nishida, Hiroshi

2013-01-01

Background Near-infrared has been shown to penetrate deeper than optical light sources independent of skin color, allowing safer treatment for the Asian skin type. Many studies have indicated the efficacy of various types of devices, but have not included a sufficiently objective evaluation. In this study, we used three-dimensional imaging for objective evaluation of facial skin tightening using a water-filtered near-infrared device. Methods Twenty Japanese patients were treated with the water-filtered near-infrared (1,000–1,800 nm) device using a contact-cooling and nonfreezing gel stored in a freezer. Three-dimensional imaging was performed, and quantitative volume measurements were taken to evaluate the change in post-treatment volume. The patients then provided their subjective assessments. Results Objective assessments of the treated cheek volume evaluated by a three-dimensional color schematic representation with quantitative volume measurements showed significant improvement 3 months after treatment. The mean volume reduction at the last post-treatment visit was 2.554 ± 0.999 mL. The post-treatment volume was significantly reduced compared with the pretreatment volume in all patients (P < 0.0001). Eighty-five percent of patients reported satisfaction with the improvement of skin laxity, and 80% of patients reported satisfaction with improvement of rhytids, such as the nasolabial folds. Side effects, such as epidermal burns and scar formation, were not observed throughout the study. Conclusion The advantages of this water-filtered near-infrared treatment are its high efficacy for skin tightening, associated with a minimal level of discomfort and minimal side effects. Together, these characteristics facilitate our ability to administer repeated treatments and provide alternative or adjunctive treatment for patients, with improved results. This study provides a qualitative and quantitative volumetric assessment, establishing the ability of this technology to reduce volume through noninvasive skin tightening. PMID:23837000

Simple DNA extraction of urine samples: Effects of storage temperature and storage time.

PubMed

Ng, Huey Hian; Ang, Hwee Chen; Hoe, See Ying; Lim, Mae-Lynn; Tai, Hua Eng; Soh, Richard Choon Hock; Syn, Christopher Kiu-Choong

2018-06-01

Urine samples are commonly analysed in cases with suspected illicit drug consumption. In events of alleged sample mishandling, urine sample source identification may be necessary. A simple DNA extraction procedure suitable for STR typing of urine samples was established on the Promega Maxwell ® 16 paramagnetic silica bead platform. A small sample volume of 1.7mL was used. Samples were stored at room temperature, 4°C and -20°C for 100days to investigate the influence of storage temperature and time on extracted DNA quantity and success rate of STR typing. Samples stored at room temperature exhibited a faster decline in DNA yield with time and lower typing success rates as compared to those at 4°C and -20°C. This trend can likely be attributed to DNA degradation. In conclusion, this study presents a quick and effective DNA extraction protocol from a small urine volume stored for up to 100days at 4°C and -20°C. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mars: Crustal pore volume, cryospheric depth, and the global occurrence of groundwater

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clifford, Stephen M.

1987-01-01

It is argued that most of the Martian hydrosphere resides in a porous outer layer of crust that, based on a lunar analogy, appears to extend to a depth of about 10 km. The total pore volume of this layer is sufficient to store the equivalent of a global ocean of water some 500 to 1500 m deep. Thermal modeling suggests that about 300 to 500 m of water could be stored as ice within the crust. Any excess must exist as groundwater.

Policy alternatives for reducing tobacco sales to minors: results from a national survey of retail chain and franchise stores.

PubMed

Altman, D G; Linzer, J; Kropp, R; Descheemaeker, N; Feighery, E; Fortmann, S P

1992-01-01

Minors' access to tobacco has become an important public health issue. Little is known, however, about the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and behavior toward access among executives from businesses that sell tobacco. This study examined access from the perspective of corporate and regional headquarters of retail chains and franchises that sell tobacco. A total of 148 U.S. companies with the largest overall retail sales volume that sold tobacco were asked to participate; 91 agreed. The sample included grocery stores, convenience stores, gas station mini-marts, liquor stores, and drug stores. Data revealed at least moderate support for policies limiting youth tobacco access. Although most companies reported having in place policies to prevent minors from purchasing tobacco, these policies did not seem intensive. In addition, executives underestimated the extent of youth access. We conclude that the time is right for passage of bold policies to protect young people from tobacco.

Aircraft/Stores Compatibility Symposium Proceedings (4th) Held at Fort Walton Beach, Florida on 12-14 October 1977. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

16th June, 1975. Panorama , BBC TV. 5) R.H. Ellis Air Defence of the West - a view from NATC’S central (Genl.) region. 15th Anglo-American Aero...monitor the studies which are undertaken, MoD formed a Thermal Effects on Aircraft Conventional Armament, Stores and Equipment (TEACASE) Working Group. The...Suitable body dimension (ft) k - Thermal conductivity of the fluid The Prantl No. (Pr) is given by: Pr C where 3 a Viscosity of the fluid Cp = Specific

Specific storage volumes: A useful tool for CO2 storage capacity assessment

USGS Publications Warehouse

Brennan, S.T.; Burruss, R.C.

2006-01-01

Subsurface geologic strata have the potential to store billions of tons of anthropogenic CO2; therefore, geologic carbon sequestration can be an effective mitigation tool used to slow the rate at which levels of atmospheric CO2 are increasing. Oil and gas reservoirs, coal beds, and saline reservoirs can be used for CO2 storage; however, it is difficult to assess and compare the relative storage capacities of these different settings. Typically, CO2 emissions are reported in units of mass, which are not directly applicable to comparing the CO2 storage capacities of the various storage targets. However, if the emission values are recalculated to volumes per unit mass (specific volume) then the volumes of geologic reservoirs necessary to store CO2 emissions from large point sources can be estimated. The factors necessary to convert the mass of CO2 emissions to geologic storage volume (referred to here as Specific Storage Volume or 'SSV') can be reported in units of cubic meters, cubic feet, and petroleum barrels. The SSVs can be used to estimate the reservoir volume needed to store CO2 produced over the lifetime of an individual point source, and to identify CO2 storage targets of sufficient size to meet the demand from that given point source. These storage volumes also can then be projected onto the land surface to outline a representative "footprint," which marks the areal extent of storage. This footprint can be compared with the terrestrial carbon sequestration capacity of the same land area. The overall utility of this application is that the total storage capacity of any given parcel of land (from surface to basement) can be determined, and may assist in making land management decisions. ?? Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2006.

The application of capillary microsampling in GLP toxicology studies.

PubMed

Verhaeghe, Tom; Dillen, Lieve; Stieltjes, Hans; Zwart, Loeckie de; Feyen, Bianca; Diels, Luc; Vroman, Ann; Timmerman, Philip

2017-04-01

Capillary microsampling (CMS) to collect microplasma volumes is gradually replacing traditional, larger volume sampling from rats in GLP toxicology studies. About 32 µl of blood is collected with a capillary, processed to plasma and stored in a 10- or 4-µl capillary which is washed out further downstream in the laboratory. CMS has been standardized with respect to materials, assay validation experiments and application for sample analysis. The implementation of CMS has resulted in blood volume reductions in the rat from 300 to 32 µl per time point and the elimination of toxicokinetic satellite groups in the majority of the rat GLP toxicology studies. The technique has been successfully applied in 26 GLP studies for 12 different projects thus far.

Data Storing Proposal from Heterogeneous Systems into a Specialized Repository

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Václavová, Andrea; Tanuška, Pavol; Jánošík, Ján

2016-12-01

The aim of this paper is to analyze and to propose an appropriate system for processing and simultaneously storing a vast volume of structured and unstructured data. The paper consists of three parts. The first part addresses the issue of structured and unstructured data. The second part provides the detailed analysis of data repositories and subsequent evaluation indicating which system would be for the given type and volume of data optimal. The third part focuses on the use of gathered information to transfer data to the proposed repository.

Towards a semantic PACS: Using Semantic Web technology to represent imaging data.

PubMed

Van Soest, Johan; Lustberg, Tim; Grittner, Detlef; Marshall, M Scott; Persoon, Lucas; Nijsten, Bas; Feltens, Peter; Dekker, Andre

2014-01-01

The DICOM standard is ubiquitous within medicine. However, improved DICOM semantics would significantly enhance search operations. Furthermore, databases of current PACS systems are not flexible enough for the demands within image analysis research. In this paper, we investigated if we can use Semantic Web technology, to store and represent metadata of DICOM image files, as well as linking additional computational results to image metadata. Therefore, we developed a proof of concept containing two applications: one to store commonly used DICOM metadata in an RDF repository, and one to calculate imaging biomarkers based on DICOM images, and store the biomarker values in an RDF repository. This enabled us to search for all patients with a gross tumor volume calculated to be larger than 50 cc. We have shown that we can successfully store the DICOM metadata in an RDF repository and are refining our proof of concept with regards to volume naming, value representation, and the applications themselves.

Aircraft/Stores Compatibility Symposium Proceedings (4th) Held at Fort Walton Beach, Florida on 12-14 October 1977. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-01

and higher limitimW speeds in release or jettison- of stores reduced aircraft weight and improved structural integrity-by reducing carriage loads...should endeavour tot piece the weapons as far aft a possible to reduce the loss of Dy -minimis the extent to which stores are placed below the aircraft...centr of gravity to reduce the loss of lv try to minimise changes in aircraft inertias, which memos getting the stores as close as possible to the

Interactions between sediment storage and bed material transport: A field and flume study

Treesearch

Bonnie J. Smith; Thomas E. Lisle; Diane G. Sutherland; Sue Hilton; Harvey M. Kelsey; Eileen M. Cashman

2002-01-01

Significant channel aggradation events have occurred in numerous coastal northern California watersheds over the past 50 years, leaving lasting impacts on stream channel morphology and habitats. Our study focuses on sediment movement and channel morphology following large aggradation events and specifically focuses on the relationship between volume of stored sediment...

Technology resource document for the assembled chemical weapons assessment environmental impact statement. Vol. 2 : assembled systems for weapons destruction at Anniston Army Depot.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kimmell, T.; Folga, S., Frey, G.; Molberg, J.

2001-05-04

This volume of the Technical Resource Document (TRD) for the ''Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Design, Construction and Operation of One or More Pilot Test Facilities for Assembled Chemical Weapons Destruction Technologies at One or More Sites'' (PMACWA 2001g) pertains to the destruction of assembled chemical weapons (ACW) stored at Anniston Army Depot (ANAD), located outside Anniston, Alabama. This volume presents technical and process information on each of the destruction technologies applicable to treatment of the specific ACW stored at ANAD. The destruction technologies described are those that have been demonstrated as part of the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessmentmore » (ACWA) selection process (see Volume 1).« less

Buoyancy under Control: Underwater Locomotor Performance in a Deep Diving Seabird Suggests Respiratory Strategies for Reducing Foraging Effort

PubMed Central

Cook, Timothée R.; Kato, Akiko; Tanaka, Hideji; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Bost, Charles-André

2010-01-01

Background Because they have air stored in many body compartments, diving seabirds are expected to exhibit efficient behavioural strategies for reducing costs related to buoyancy control. We study the underwater locomotor activity of a deep-diving species from the Cormorant family (Kerguelen shag) and report locomotor adjustments to the change of buoyancy with depth. Methodology/Principal Findings Using accelerometers, we show that during both the descent and ascent phases of dives, shags modelled their acceleration and stroking activity on the natural variation of buoyancy with depth. For example, during the descent phase, birds increased swim speed with depth. But in parallel, and with a decay constant similar to the one in the equation explaining the decrease of buoyancy with depth, they decreased foot-stroke frequency exponentially, a behaviour that enables birds to reduce oxygen consumption. During ascent, birds also reduced locomotor cost by ascending passively. We considered the depth at which they started gliding as a proxy to their depth of neutral buoyancy. This depth increased with maximum dive depth. As an explanation for this, we propose that shags adjust their buoyancy to depth by varying the amount of respiratory air they dive with. Conclusions/Significance Calculations based on known values of stored body oxygen volumes and on deep-diving metabolic rates in avian divers suggest that the variations of volume of respiratory oxygen associated with a respiration mediated buoyancy control only influence aerobic dive duration moderately. Therefore, we propose that an advantage in cormorants - as in other families of diving seabirds - of respiratory air volume adjustment upon diving could be related less to increasing time of submergence, through an increased volume of body oxygen stores, than to reducing the locomotor costs of buoyancy control. PMID:20352122

Where Does Wood Most Effectively Enhance Storage? Network-Scale Distribution of Sediment and Organic Matter Stored by Instream Wood

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pfeiffer, Andrew; Wohl, Ellen

2018-01-01

We used 48 reach-scale measurements of large wood and wood-associated sediment and coarse particulate organic matter (CPOM) storage within an 80 km2 catchment to examine spatial patterns of storage relative to stream order. Wood, sediment, and CPOM are not distributed uniformly across the drainage basin. Third- and fourth-order streams (23% of total stream length) disproportionately store wood and coarse and fine sediments: 55% of total wood volume, 78% of coarse sediment, and 49% of fine sediment, respectively. Fourth-order streams store 0.8 m3 of coarse sediment and 0.2 m3 of fine sediment per cubic meter of wood. CPOM storage is highest in first-order streams (60% of storage in 47% of total network stream length). First-order streams can store up to 0.3 m3 of CPOM for each cubic meter of wood. Logjams in third- and fourth-order reaches are primary sediment storage agents, whereas roots in small streams may be more important for storage of CPOM. We propose the large wood particulate storage index to quantify average volume of sediment or CPOM stored by a cubic meter of wood.

Could managed burning of peatlands lead to enhanced carbon storage?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worrall, F.; Clay, G. D.

2009-04-01

Peatlands are the UK's largest single terrestrial carbon store with carbon stored in UK peatlands than in forests of Britain and France combined. Unlike most northern peatlands in the peat soils of the UK are heavily managed for recreation and agriculture and due to their proximity to major centres of population are under more anthropogenic pressure than most peatlands. A typical management strategy on UK upland peats is the use of managed fire to restrict vegetation. Fires are used upon a 10-25 year rotation and are described as "cool" as they are designed to remove the crown of the vegetation without scorching the litter layer or the underlying soil. In this case the fire destroys primary productivity and limits litter production but produces char. Char is a low volume, highly refractory, high carbon content product while litter is a high volume, decomposable, lower carbon content product. Therefore, the question is if there are fire conditions under which the production of char causes more carbon to be stored in the peat than would have been stored if no fire management had been employed. This study combines field studies of recent managed burns and wildfires along with detailed vegetation studies from a long term monitoring site in order to assess litter, biomass and black carbon production. In the laboratory experimental burns were undertaken in order to assess the amount and controls upon char production and the carbon content of that char. Results of field and laboratory observations are used to model carbon accumulation under a series of fire management scenarios and the modelling shows that cools burns at long rotations could lead to higher carbon storage than if no fire had occurred, further in several cases more carbon accumulation occurred even if less depth of peat was generated.

Comment on 'volume of magma accumulation or withdrawal estimated from surface uplift or subsidence, with application to the 1960 collapse of Kilauea volcano' by P.T. Delaney and D.F. McTigue

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Daniel J.; Sigmundsson, F.; Delaney, P.T.

2000-01-01

In volcanoes that store a significant quantity of magma within a subsurface summit reservoir, such as Kilauea, bulk compression of stored magma is an important mode of deformation. Accumulation of magma is also accompanied by crustal deformation, usually manifested at the surface as uplift. These two modes of deformation - bulk compression of resident magma and deformation of the volcanic edifice - act in concert to accommodate the volume of newly added magma. During deflation, the processes reverse and reservoir magma undergoes bulk decompression, the chamber contracts, and the ground surface subsides. Because magma compression plays a role in creating subsurface volume of accommodate magma, magma budget estimates that are derived from surface uplift observations without consideration of magma compression will underestimate actual magma volume changes.

OSD CALS Architecture Master Plan Study. Data Dictionary. Concept Paper. Draft Version 1.2. Volume 29

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1989-10-01

Rapid advances in information technology are changing the way technical data is created, stored, and used. These advances have created opportunities to reduce costs and improve productivity in both the administration of data and in the acquisition an...

Red blood cell and iron metabolism during space flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Scott M.

2002-01-01

Space flight anemia is a widely recognized phenomenon in astronauts. Reduction in circulating red blood cells and plasma volume results in a 10% to 15% decrement in circulatory volume. This effect appears to be a normal physiologic adaptation to weightlessness and results from the removal of newly released blood cells from the circulation. Iron availability increases, and (in the few subjects studied) iron stores increase during long-duration space flight. The consequences of these changes are not fully understood.

Digital image archiving: challenges and choices.

PubMed

Dumery, Barbara

2002-01-01

In the last five years, imaging exam volume has grown rapidly. In addition to increased image acquisition, there is more patient information per study. RIS-PACS integration and information-rich DICOM headers now provide us with more patient information relative to each study. The volume of archived digital images is increasing and will continue to rise at a steeper incline than film-based storage of the past. Many filmless facilities have been caught off guard by this increase, which has been stimulated by many factors. The most significant factor is investment in new digital and DICOM-compliant modalities. A huge volume driver is the increase in images per study from multi-slice technology. Storage requirements also are affected by disaster recovery initiatives and state retention mandates. This burgeoning rate of imaging data volume presents many challenges: cost of ownership, data accessibility, storage media obsolescence, database considerations, physical limitations, reliability and redundancy. There are two basic approaches to archiving--single tier and multi-tier. Each has benefits. With a single-tier approach, all the data is stored on a single media that can be accessed very quickly. A redundant copy of the data is then stored onto another less expensive media. This is usually a removable media. In this approach, the on-line storage is increased incrementally as volume grows. In a multi-tier approach, storage levels are set up based on access speed and cost. In other words, all images are stored at the deepest archiving level, which is also the least expensive. Images are stored on or moved back to the intermediate and on-line levels if they will need to be accessed more quickly. It can be difficult to decide what the best approach is for your organization. The options include RAIDs (redundant array of independent disks), direct attached RAID storage (DAS), network storage using RAIDs (NAS and SAN), removable media such as different types of tape, compact disks (CDs and DVDs) and magneto-optical disks (MODs). As you evaluate the various options for storage, it is important to consider both performance and cost. For most imaging enterprises, a single-tier archiving approach is the best solution. With the cost of hard drives declining, NAS is a very feasible solution today. It is highly reliable, offers immediate access to all exams, and easily scales as imaging volume grows. Best of all, media obsolescence challenges need not be of concern. For back-up storage, removable media can be implemented, with a smaller investment needed as it will only be used for a redundant copy of the data. There is no need to keep it online and available. If further system redundancy is desired, multiple servers should be considered. The multi-tier approach still has its merits for smaller enterprises, but with a detailed long-term cost of ownership analysis, NAS will probably still come out on top as the solution of choice for many imaging facilities.

Epinephrine doses delivered from auto-injectors stored at excessively high temperatures.

PubMed

Rachid, Ousama; Simons, F Estelle R; Rawas-Qalaji, Mutasem; Lewis, Stephen; Simons, Keith J

2016-01-01

Prompt injection of epinephrine (adrenaline) from epinephrine auto-injectors (EAIs) is the primary treatment for anaphylaxis in out-of-hospital settings. Storage of EAIs at room temperature (25 °C) is advised; however, storage at excessively high temperatures sometimes occurs. To our knowledge, there are no previous publications on the doses of epinephrine ejected from EAIs after storage at such temperatures. We examined the epinephrine doses delivered from activated EAIs stored constantly or cyclically at 70 °C. Twenty-five in-date EAIs were stored constantly or cyclically at 70 °C (excessive heat) or 25 °C (controls) for 5 d or 10 d. EAIs were activated and the epinephrine doses in the ejected solutions were measured using HPLC-UV. The enantiomeric purity of epinephrine was also measured by HPLC-UV. Control EAIs ejected a volume of 0.300 ± 0.006 mL containing 103.7 ± 3.3% of labeled dose (LD). After 5 d or 10 d of constant storage at 70 °C and activation at 70 °C, EAIs ejected a volume of 0.367 ± 0.008 mL containing 96.8 ± 3.8% LD and 0.373 ± 0.007 mL containing 77.7 ± 3.3% LD, respectively. After 5 d of cyclic storage at 70 °C and cooling to 25 °C before activation, EAIs ejected a volume of 0.311 ± 0.008 mL containing 87.2 ± 1.9% LD. Under the experimental conditions of this study, the resultant chromatographic peaks of epinephrine solutions from all EAIs represented only the pure l-enantiomer of epinephrine. EAIs should be stored under recommended conditions of the manufacturer. EAIs stored at excessively high temperatures cannot be used to treat humans while still hot, and when cooled, cannot be relied on to deliver the labeled epinephrine dose in anaphylaxis.

Technology resource document for the assembled chemical weapons assessment environmental impact statement. Vol. 4 : assembled systems for weapons destruction at Pueblo Chemical Depot.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kimmell, T.; Folga, S., Frey, G.; Molberg, J.

2001-04-30

This volume of the Technical Resource Document (TRD) for the ''Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Design, Construction and Operation of One or More Pilot Test Facilities for Assembled Chemical Weapons Destruction Technologies at One or More Sites'' (PMACWA 2001c) pertains to the destruction of assembled chemical weapons (ACW) stored at Pueblo Chemical Depot (PCD), located outside Pueblo, Colorado. This volume presents technical and process information on each of the destruction technologies applicable to treatment of the specific ACW stored at PCD. The destruction technologies described are those that have been demonstrated during Phase I of the Assembled Chemical Weaponsmore » Assessment (ACWA) demonstration process (see Volume 1).« less

Characterizing the bacterial communities in retail stores in the United States.

PubMed

Hoisington, A; Maestre, J P; Kinney, K A; Siegel, J A

2016-12-01

The microorganisms present in retail environments have not been studied in detail despite the fact that these environments represent a potentially important location for exposure. In this study, HVAC filter dust samples in 13 US retail stores were collected and analyzed via pyrosequencing to characterize the indoor bacterial communities and to explore potential relationships between these communities and building and environmental parameters. Although retail stores contained a diverse bacterial community of 788 unique genera, over half of the nearly 118K sequences were attributed to the Proteobacteria phylum. Streptophyta, Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Pseudomonas, and Acinetobacter were the most prevalent genera detected. The recovered indoor airborne microbial community was statistically associated with both human oral and skin microbiota, indicating occupants are important contributors, despite a relatively low occupant density per unit volume in retail stores. Bacteria generally associated with outdoor environments were present in the indoor communities with no obvious association with air exchange rate, even when considering relative abundance. No significant association was observed between the indoor bacterial community recovered and store location, store type, or season. However, predictive functional gene profiling showed significant associations between the indoor community and season. The microbiome recovered from multiple samples collected months apart from the same building varied significantly indicating that caution is warranted when trying to characterize the bacterial community with a single sampling event. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, the retail environment, and alcohol consumption: a multilevel analysis.

PubMed

Shimotsu, Scott T; Jones-Webb, Rhonda J; MacLehose, Richard F; Nelson, Toben F; Forster, Jean L; Lytle, Leslie A

2013-10-01

The neighborhoods where people live can influence their drinking behavior. We hypothesized that living in a neighborhood with lower median income, higher alcohol outlet density, and only liquor stores and no grocery stores would be associated with higher alcohol consumption after adjusting for individual demographic and lifestyle factors. We used two self-report measures to assess alcohol consumption in a sample of 9959 adults living in a large Midwestern county: volume of alcohol consumed (count) and binge drinking (5 or more drinks vs.<5 drinks). We measured census tract median annual household income based on U.S. Census data. Alcohol outlet density was measured using the number of liquor stores divided by the census tract roadway miles. The mix of liquor and food stores in census tracts was assessed using a categorical variable based on the number of liquor and number of food stores using data from InfoUSA. Weighted hierarchical linear and Poisson regression were used to test our study hypothesis. Retail mix was associated with binge drinking. Individuals living in census tracts with only liquor stores had a 46% higher risk of binge drinking than individuals living in census tracts with food stores only after controlling for demographic and lifestyle factors. Census tract characteristics such as retail mix may partly explain variability in drinking behavior. Future research should explore the mix of stores, not just the over-concentration of liquor stores in census tracts. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

UNIX NSW Front End Enhancements. Volume I.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

scenario number */ int pi pcod ; /* value of us pcod in US entry */ int pi-mlen; /* length of following message */1; In both structures, the fields are...inst; /* cqde for kind of info stored -- is ipptr->ipinst */ int tb_pcod; /* value of us_pcod for this buffer */1; It is necessary to store tb pcod in

Use of boar spermatozoa for artificial insemination. III. Fecundity of boar spermatozoa stored in Beltsville liquid and Kiev extenders for three days at 18 C.

PubMed

Johnson, L A; Aalbers, J G; Willems, C M; Rademaker, J H; Rexroad, C E

1982-01-01

A field trial was conducted on several hundred farms in The Netherlands to compare the fertilizing capacity of boar spermatozoa stored for 1, 2, or 3 d at 18 C in either Kiev or Beltsville liquid extender (BL-1). Two storage volumes (25 and 100 ml) were used. Twelve Dutch Landrace boars, all in routine commercial artificial insemination service, provided the semen in twice-a-week collections. Over an 8-wk period in March and April, 1979, 2,849 sows and gilts were inseminated. Farrowing rates were higher (P less than .0001) with Kiev extender than with BL-1 extender (69.3 vs 60.5%) when semen was used over a 3 d period. The volume at which the semen was extended and stored had no effect on any parameter. Farrowing rate declined significantly when semen stored at 18 C for more than 2 d was used (74.5% vs 64.7% with semen stored for 1 and 3 in Kiev extender; 65.9% vs 52.7% with semen stored for 1 and 3 d in BL-1 extender). The farrowing rate, total number of pigs/litter and live pigs/litter were significantly higher for sows than for gilts inseminated with similar extended semen. On the basis of the results of this trial, Kiev extender appears to be more suitable as a diluent for liquid semen than does BL-1. AI with semen extended and stored for 3 d at 18 C can be expected to result in a lower farrowing rate than AI with semen stored for 1 or 2 d.

Seasonal and developmental differences in blubber stores of beluga whales in Bristol Bay, Alaska using high-resolution ultrasound

PubMed Central

Cornick, Leslie A.; Quakenbush, Lori T.; Norman, Stephanie A.; Pasi, Coral; Maslyk, Pamela; Burek, Kathy A.; Goertz, Caroline E. C.; Hobbs, Roderick C.

2016-01-01

Abstract Diving mammals use blubber for a variety of structural and physiological functions, including buoyancy, streamlining, thermoregulation, and energy storage. Estimating blubber stores provides proxies for body condition, nutritional status, and health. Blubber stores may vary topographically within individuals, across seasons, and with age, sex, and reproductive status; therefore, a single full-depth blubber biopsy does not provide an accurate measure of blubber depth, and additional biopsies are limited because they result in open wounds. We examined high-resolution ultrasound as a noninvasive method for assessing blubber stores by sampling blubber depth at 11 locations on beluga whales in Alaska. Blubber mass was estimated as a proportion of body mass (40% from the literature) and compared to a function of volume calculated using ultrasound blubber depth measurements in a truncated cone. Blubber volume was converted to total and mass-specific blubber mass estimates based on the density of beluga blubber. There was no significant difference in mean total blubber mass between the 2 estimates (R2 = 0.88); however, body mass alone predicted only 68% of the variation in mass-specific blubber stores in juveniles, 7% for adults in the fall, and 33% for adults in the spring. Mass-specific blubber stores calculated from ultrasound measurements were highly variable. Adults had significantly greater blubber stores in the fall (0.48±0.02kg/kgMB) than in the spring (0.33±0.02kg/kgMB). There was no seasonal effect in juveniles. High-resolution ultrasound is a more powerful, noninvasive method for assessing blubber stores in wild belugas, allowing for precise measurements at multiple locations. PMID:29899579

Aircraft /Stores Compatibility Symposium Proceedings, Held at Arlington, Virginia on 2-4 September 1975. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-09-04

for a large number of candidate fairings would have been too time consuming and the computer time costly for so many runs. This necessitated a paring...factors affect- ing a store’s separation behavior are the forces and moments on the store while in the captive carriage position. Tests have shown that...oscillation started by an initial yaw angle-of-attack would not. The theoretical expression, Eq. (7), confirms this behavior for undamped (T-o.o

Inhibition of Platelet Aggregation by Supernates from Stored Red Blood Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

platelet aggregates in fresh whole blood.[10] In those experiments , we observed that platelets in blood incubated with supernates from stored RBC...volumes in sterile cryovials, and the vials were stored at -80C. For each experiment , aliquots were thawed quickly in a 37°C water bath just before...The final ratio of whole blood to supernate was 2:1. For each experiment , blood was collected first into one red top Vacutainer tube (no anti

Could managed burning of peatlands lead to carbon storage?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clay, G.; Worrall, F.

2007-12-01

Peatlands are the UK's largest single terrestrial carbon store with carbon stored in UK peatlands than in forests of Britain and France combined. Unlike most northern peatlands in the peat soils of the UK are heavily managed for recreation and agriculture and due to their proximity to major centres of population are under more anthropogenic pressure than most peatlands. A typical management strategy on UK upland peats is the use of managed fire to restrict vegetation. Fires are used upon a 10-25 year rotation and are described as "cool" as they remove the crown of the vegetation without scorching the litter layer or the underlying soil. In this case the fire destroys primary productivity and limits litter production but produces char. Char is a low volume, highly refractory, high carbon content product while litter is a high volume, decomposable, lower carbon content product. Therefore, the question is if there are fire conditions underwhich the production of char causes more carbon to be stored in the peat than would have been stored if no fire management had been employed. This study uses detailed vegetation studies from a long term monitoring site in order to assess litter and biomass production; in laboratory experimental burns were undertaken in order to assess the amount and controls upon char production and the carbon content of that char. Results of field and laboratory observations are used to model carbon accumulation under s aseries of fire management scenarios and the modelling shows that cools burns at long rotations could lead to higher carbon storage than if no fire had occurred, further than in several cases more carbon accumulation occurred even if less depth of peat was generated.

De-Inventory Plan for Transuranic Waste Stored at Area G

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hargis, Kenneth Marshall; Christensen, Davis V.; Shepard, Mark D.

This report describes the strategy and detailed work plan developed by Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to disposition transuranic (TRU) waste stored at its Area G radioactive waste storage site. The focus at this time is on disposition of 3,706 m 3 of TRU waste stored above grade by June 30, 2014, which is one of the commitments within the Framework Agreement: Realignment of Environmental Priorities between the Department of Energy (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) and the State of New Mexico Environment Department (NMED), Reference 1. A detailed project management schedule has been developed to manage this workmore » and better ensure that all required activities are aligned and integrated. The schedule was developed in conjunction with personnel from the NNSA Los Alamos Site Office (LASO), the DOE Carlsbad Field Office (CBFO), the Central Characterization Project (CCP), and Los Alamos National Security, LLC (LANS). A detailed project management schedule for the remainder of the above grade inventory and the below grade inventory will be developed and incorporated into the De-Inventory Plan by December 31, 2012. This schedule will also include all newly-generated TRU waste received at Area G in FYs 2012 and 2013, which must be removed by no later than December 31, 2014, under the Framework Agreement. The TRU waste stored above grade at Area G is considered to be one of the highest nuclear safety risks at LANL, and the Defense Nuclear Facility Safety Board has expressed concern for the radioactive material at risk (MAR) contained within the above grade TRU waste inventory and has formally requested that DOE reduce the MAR. A large wildfire called the Las Conchas Fire burned extensive areas west of LANL in late June and July 2011. Although there was minimal to no impact by the fire to LANL, the fire heightened public concern and news media attention on TRU waste storage at Area G. After the fire, New Mexico Governor Susana Martinez also requested that LANL accelerate disposition of TRU waste stored above grade at Area G. The 3,706 m 3 volume of TRU waste stored above grade consists of 4,495 containers that include all above grade non-cemented waste as well as above grade cemented waste that was ready for characterization on October 1, 2011. This volume includes all newly-generated TRU waste currently stored at Area G as of October 1, 2011. This volume does not include the Bolas Grandes spheres, mixed low level waste (MLLW) containers, empty containers, cemented waste that requires remediation, projected newly generated TRU waste from FY 2012 and later, or TRU waste stored below grade. The 3,706 m 3 volume represents about 86 per cent of the total volume of TRU waste stored above grade on October 1, 2011. The De-Inventory Plan supports the DOE Office of Environmental Management (EM) goal to disposition 90% of the Legacy TRU waste within the DOE complex by the end of 2015 as stated in its Roadmap for EM’s Journey to Excellence (Reference 2). The plan also addresses precursor actions for disposition of TRU waste that are necessary for compliance with the Compliance Order on Consent issued by the NMED in 2005 (Reference 3).« less

Technology resource document for the assembled chemical weapons assessment environmental impact statement. Vol. 5 : assembled systems for weapons destruction at Blue Grass Army Depot.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kimmell, T.; Folga, S., Frey, G.; Molberg, J.

2001-05-02

This volume of the Technical Resource Document (TRD) for the ''Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Design, Construction and Operation of One or More Pilot Test Facilities for Assembled Chemical Weapons Destruction Technologies at One or More Sites'' (PMACWA 2001g) pertains to the destruction of assembled chemical weapons (ACW) stored in the U.S. Army's unitary chemical stockpile at Blue Grass Army Depot (BGAD), located outside Richmond, Kentucky. This volume presents technical and process information on each of the destruction technologies applicable to treatment of the specific ACW stored at BGAD. The destruction technologies described are those that have been demonstratedmore » as part of the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment (ACWA) selection process (see Volume 1).« less

Prediction of Supersonic Store Separation Characteristics Including Fuselage and Stores of Noncircular Cross Section. Volume II. Users Manual for the Computer Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

CMACH $ FMACH) 132 TRJTRY STOP normal termination (test: TIME > TIMEF-0.00001 or NDIFEQ = 1) BDCOEF message warning - NAFLD exceeds blank common...BDCOEF**, NTAP7- , IUB= , NAFLD = . (Test: NAFLD > NADIM) CRFWBD STOP 001 (Test: NER > 1; equation solution singular) INVER2 STOP **Matrix is singular

Running dry: Where will the West get its water?

Treesearch

J. Thompson

2007-01-01

Late summer streamflow in western and central Oregon and northern California is almost exclusively due to immense groundwater storage in the Cascade Range. The volume of water stored in permeable lava flows in the Cascades is seven times that stored as snow. Nonetheless, until recently, virtually all examinations of streamflow trends under future climates in the West...

The role of porous matrix in water flow regulation within a karst unsaturated zone: an integrated hydrogeophysical approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carrière, Simon D.; Chalikakis, Konstantinos; Danquigny, Charles; Davi, Hendrik; Mazzilli, Naomi; Ollivier, Chloé; Emblanch, Christophe

2016-11-01

Some portions of the porous rock matrix in the karst unsaturated zone (UZ) can contain large volumes of water and play a major role in water flow regulation. The essential results are presented of a local-scale study conducted in 2011 and 2012 above the Low Noise Underground Laboratory (LSBB - Laboratoire Souterrain à Bas Bruit) at Rustrel, southeastern France. Previous research revealed the geological structure and water-related features of the study site and illustrated the feasibility of specific hydrogeophysical measurements. In this study, the focus is on hydrodynamics at the seasonal and event timescales. Magnetic resonance sounding (MRS) measured a high water content (more than 10 %) in a large volume of rock. This large volume of water cannot be stored in fractures and conduits within the UZ. MRS was also used to measure the seasonal variation of water stored in the karst UZ. A process-based model was developed to simulate the effect of vegetation on groundwater recharge dynamics. In addition, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) monitoring was used to assess preferential water pathways during a rain event. This study demonstrates the major influence of water flow within the porous rock matrix on the UZ hydrogeological functioning at both the local (LSBB) and regional (Fontaine de Vaucluse) scales. By taking into account the role of the porous matrix in water flow regulation, these findings may significantly improve karst groundwater hydrodynamic modelling, exploitation, and sustainable management.

Simultaneous specimen current and time-dependent cathodoluminescence measurements on gallium nitride

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Campo, E. M., E-mail: e.campo@bangor.ac.uk; Hopkins, L.; Pophristic, M.

2016-06-28

Time-dependent cathodoluminescence (CL) and specimen current (SC) are monitored to evaluate trapping behavior and evolution of charge storage. Examination of CL and SC suggests that the near band edge emission in GaN is reduced primarily by the activation of traps upon irradiation, and Gallium vacancies are prime candidates. At the steady state, measurement of the stored charge by empiric-analytical methods suggests that all available traps within the interaction volume have been filled, and that additional charge is being stored interstitially, necessarily beyond the interaction volume. Once established, the space charge region is responsible for the steady state CL emission and,more » prior to build up, it is responsible for the generation of diffusion currents. Since the non-recombination effects resulting from diffusion currents that develop early on are analogous to those leading to device failure upon aging, this study is fundamental toward a holistic insight into optical properties in GaN.« less

Gas exchange and dive characteristics of the free-swimming backswimmer Anisops deanei.

PubMed

Jones, Karl K; Snelling, Edward P; Watson, Amy P; Seymour, Roger S

2015-11-01

Many aquatic insects utilise air bubbles on the surface of their bodies to supply O2 while they dive. The bubbles can simply store O2, as in the case of an 'air store', or they can act as a physical 'gas gill', extracting O2 from the water. Backswimmers of the genus Anisops augment their air store with O2 from haemoglobin cells located in the abdomen. The O2 release from the haemoglobin helps stabilise bubble volume, enabling backswimmers to remain near neutrally buoyant for a period of the dive. It is generally assumed that the backswimmer air store does not act as a gas gill and that gas exchange with the water is negligible. This study combines measurements of dive characteristics under different exotic gases (N2, He, SF6, CO) with mathematical modelling, to show that the air store of the backswimmer Anisops deanei does exchange gases with the water. Our results indicate that approximately 20% of O2 consumed during a dive is obtained directly from the water. Oxygen from the water complements that released from the haemoglobin, extending the period of near-neutral buoyancy and increasing dive duration. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Developing and Testing Simulated Occupational Experiences for Distributive Education Students in Rural Communities: Volume III: Training Plans: Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Virginia Polytechnic Inst. and State Univ., Blacksburg.

Volume 3 of a three volume final report presents prototype job training plans developed as part of a research project which pilot tested a distributive education program for rural schools utilizing a retail store simulation plan. The plans are for 15 entry-level and 15 career-level jobs in seven categories of distributive business (department…

How tobacco companies ensure prime placement of their advertising and products in stores: interviews with retailers about tobacco company incentive programmes

PubMed Central

Feighery, E; Ribisl, K; Clark, P; Haladjian, H

2003-01-01

Background: About 81% of cigarette manufacturers' marketing expenditures in the USA is spent to promote cigarette sales in stores. Relatively little is known about how these expenditures help the manufacturers achieve their marketing goals in stores. A better understanding of how tobacco companies influence the retail environment would help researchers and tobacco control activists to monitor industry presence in stores. Objective: To describe the types of tobacco company incentive programmes offered to retailers, how these programmes impact the store environments, and possible visual indicators of retailer participation in incentive programmes. Study design: In-depth qualitative interviews with a convenience sample of 29 tobacco retailers were conducted in 2001. Setting: USA. Main outcome measures: The types and requirements of retailer incentive programmes provided by tobacco companies, and how participation in a programme alters their stores. Results: The retailers provided insights into how tobacco companies convey promotional allowances and special offers to them and how these incentives shape the retail environment. Retailers noted that tobacco companies exert substantial control over their stores by requiring placement of products in the most visible locations, and of specific amounts and types of advertising in prime locations in the store. Retailers also described how tobacco companies reduce prices by offering them volume based discounts, "buy two, get one free" specials, and "buying down" the price of existing product. Conclusions: Tobacco companies are concentrating their marketing dollars at the point-of-sale to the extent that the store is their primary communication channel with customers. As a result, all shoppers regardless of age or smoking status are exposed to pro-smoking messages. Given the financial resources spent by tobacco companies in stores, this venue warrants closer scrutiny by researchers and tobacco control advocates. PMID:12773729

Guide To Mobile Aircraft Arresting System Installation - Air Force Handbook 10-222, Volume 8

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-01

38. Anchor Connection at Right Rear Wheel .................................................66 39. Store Tire Away from Runway – Right MAAS Trailer...MAAS Trailer .......68 42. Right Rear Wheel Anchor Point – Right MAAS Trailer.......................68 43. Right Rear Wheel Anchor Point Using...Rear Wheel .......................................73 47. Store Tire Away from Runway – Both MAAS Trailers ........................74 48. Left Rear

Data Management Systems (DMS): Complex data types study. Volume 1: Appendices A-B. Volume 2: Appendices C1-C5. Volume 3: Appendices D1-D3 and E

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leibfried, T. F., Jr.; Davari, Sadegh; Natarajan, Swami; Zhao, Wei

1992-01-01

Two categories were chosen for study: the issue of using a preprocessor on Ada code of Application Programs which would interface with the Run-Time Object Data Base Standard Services (RODB STSV), the intent was to catch and correct any mis-registration errors of the program coder between the user declared Objects, their types, their addresses, and the corresponding RODB definitions; and RODB STSV Performance Issues and Identification of Problems with the planned methods for accessing Primitive Object Attributes, this included the study of an alternate storage scheme to the 'store objects by attribute' scheme in the current design of the RODB. The study resulted in essentially three separate documents, an interpretation of the system requirements, an assessment of the preliminary design, and a detailing of the components of a detailed design.

The production of black carbon during managed burning of UK peatlands: could managed burning of peatlands lead to enhanced carbon storage?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clay, G.; Worrall, F.

2008-12-01

Peatlands are the UK's largest single terrestrial carbon store with carbon stored in UK peatlands than in forests of Britain and France combined. Unlike most northern peatlands in the peat soils of the UK are heavily managed for recreation and agriculture and due to their proximity to major centres of population are under more anthropogenic pressure than most peatlands. A typical management strategy on UK upland peats is the use of managed fire to restrict vegetation. Fires are used upon a 10-25 year rotation and are described as "cool" as they are designed to remove the crown of the vegetation without scorching the litter layer or the underlying soil. In this case the fire destroys primary productivity and limits litter production but produces char. Char is a low volume, highly refractory, high carbon content product while litter is a high volume, decomposable, lower carbon content product. Therefore, the question is if there are fire conditions under which the production of char causes more carbon to be stored in the peat than would have been stored if no fire management had been employed. This study combines field studies of recent managed burns and wildfires along with detailed vegetation studies from a long term monitoring site in order to assess litter, biomass and black carbon production. In the laboratory experimental burns were undertaken in order to assess the amount and controls upon char production and the carbon content of that char. Results of field and laboratory observations are used to model carbon accumulation under a series of fire management scenarios and the modelling shows that cools burns at long rotations could lead to higher carbon storage than if no fire had occurred, further in several cases more carbon accumulation occurred even if less depth of peat was generated.

FaStore - a space-saving solution for raw sequencing data.

PubMed

Roguski, Lukasz; Ochoa, Idoia; Hernaez, Mikel; Deorowicz, Sebastian

2018-03-29

The affordability of DNA sequencing has led to the generation of unprecedented volumes of raw sequencing data. These data must be stored, processed, and transmitted, which poses significant challenges. To facilitate this effort, we introduce FaStore, a specialized compressor for FASTQ files. FaStore does not use any reference sequences for compression, and permits the user to choose from several lossy modes to improve the overall compression ratio, depending on the specific needs. FaStore in the lossless mode achieves a significant improvement in compression ratio with respect to previously proposed algorithms. We perform an analysis on the effect that the different lossy modes have on variant calling, the most widely used application for clinical decision making, especially important in the era of precision medicine. We show that lossy compression can offer significant compression gains, while preserving the essential genomic information and without affecting the variant calling performance. FaStore can be downloaded from https://github.com/refresh-bio/FaStore. sebastian.deorowicz@polsl.pl. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Production and delivery of a fluid mixture to an annular volume of a wellbore

DOEpatents

Hermes, Robert E [Los Alamos, NM; Bland, Ronald Gene [Houston, TX; Foley, Ron Lee [Magnolia, TX; Bloys, James B [Katy, TX; Gonzalez, Manuel E [Kingwood, NM; Daniel, John M [Germantown, TN; Robinson, Ian M [Guisborough, GB; Carpenter, Robert B [Tomball, TX

2012-01-24

The methods described herein generally relate to preparing and delivering a fluid mixture to a confined volume, specifically an annular volume located between two concentrically oriented casing strings within a hydrocarbon fluid producing well. The fluid mixtures disclosed herein are useful in controlling pressure in localized volumes. The fluid mixtures comprise at least one polymerizable monomer and at least one inhibitor. The processes and methods disclosed herein allow the fluid mixture to be stored, shipped and/or injected into localized volumes, for example, an annular volume defined by concentric well casing strings.

Reliability of a survey tool for measuring consumer nutrition environment in urban food stores.

PubMed

Hosler, Akiko S; Dharssi, Aliza

2011-01-01

Despite the increase in the volume and importance of food environment research, there is a general lack of reliable measurement tools. This study presents the development and reliability assessment of a tool for measuring consumer nutrition environment in urban food stores. Cross-sectional design. A racially diverse downtown portion (6 ZIP code areas) in Albany, New York. A sample of 39 food stores was visited by our research team in 2009 to 2010. These stores were randomly selected from 123 eligible food stores identified through multiple government lists and ground-truthing. The Food Retail Outlet Survey Tool was developed to assess the presence of selected food and nonfood items, placement, milk prices, physical characteristics of the store, policy implementation, and advertisements on outside windows. For in-store items, agreement of observations between experienced and lightly trained surveyors was assessed. For window advertisement assessments, inter-method agreement (on-site sketch vs digital photo), and inter-rater agreement (both on-site) among lightly trained surveyors were evaluated. Percent agreement, Kappa, and prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa were calculated for in-store observations. Interclass correlation coefficients were calculated for window observations. Twenty-seven of the 47 in-store items had 100% agreement. The prevalence-adjusted bias-adjusted kappa indicated excellent agreement (≥0.90) on all items, except aisle width (0.74) and dark-green/orange colored fresh vegetables (0.85). The store type (nonconvenience store), the order of visits (first half), and the time to complete survey (>10 minutes) were associated with lower reliability in these 2 items. Both the inter-method and inter-rater agreements for window advertisements were uniformly high (intraclass correlation coefficient ranged 0.94-1.00), indicating high reliability. The Food Retail Outlet Survey Tool is a reliable tool for quickly measuring consumer nutrition environment. It can be effectively used by an individual who attended a 30-minute group briefing and practiced with 3 to 4 stores.

Retailer-Led Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Price Increase Reduces Purchases in a Hospital Convenience Store in Melbourne, Australia: A Mixed Methods Evaluation.

PubMed

Blake, Miranda R; Peeters, Anna; Lancsar, Emily; Boelsen-Robinson, Tara; Corben, Kirstan; Stevenson, Christopher E; Palermo, Claire; Backholer, Kathryn

2018-06-01

Limited evidence has been gathered on the real-world impact of sugar-sweetened beverage price changes on purchasing behavior over time or in community-retail settings. Our aim was to determine changes in beverage purchases, business outcomes, and customer and retailer satisfaction associated with a retailer-led sugar-sweetened beverage price increase in a convenience store. We hypothesized that purchases of less-healthy beverages would decrease compared to predicted sales. A convergent parallel mixed methods design complemented sales data (122 weeks pre-intervention, 17 weeks during intervention) with stakeholder interviews and customer surveys. Electronic beverage sales data were collected from a convenience store in Melbourne, Australia (August through November 2015). Convenience store staff completed semi-structured interviews (n=4) and adult customers exiting the store completed surveys (n=352). Beverages were classified using a state government framework. Prices of "red" beverages (eg, nondiet soft drinks, energy drinks) increased by 20%. Prices of "amber" (eg, diet soft drinks, small pure fruit juices) and "green" beverages (eg, water) were unchanged. Changes in beverage volume, item sales, and revenue during the intervention were compared with predicted sales. Sales data were analyzed using time series segmented regression while controlling for pre-intervention trends, autocorrelation in sales data, and seasonal fluctuations. Beverage volume sales of red (-27.6%; 95% CI -32.2 to -23.0) and amber (-26.7%; 95% CI -39.3 to -16.0) decreased, and volume of green beverages increased (+26.9%; 95% CI +14.1 to +39.7) in the 17th intervention week compared with predicted sales. Store manager and staff considered the intervention business-neutral, despite a small reduction in beverage revenue. Fifteen percent of customers noticed the price difference and 61% supported the intervention. A 20% sugar-sweetened beverage price increase was associated with a reduction in their purchases and an increase in purchases of healthier alternatives. Community retail settings present a bottom-up approach to improving consumer beverage choices. Copyright © 2018 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Field methods for sampling and storing nectar from flowers with low nectar volumes.

PubMed

Morrant, D S; Schumann, R; Petit, S

2009-02-01

Although several methods of sampling and storing floral nectar are available, little information exists on sampling and storing nectar from flowers with low nectar volumes. Methods for sampling and storing nectar from the flowers of species with low floral nectar volumes (<1 microL) were investigated using the flowers of Eucalyptus species. Sampling with microcapillary tubes, blotting up with filter paper, washing and rinsing were compared to determine masses of sugars recovered and differences in sugar ratios. Storage methods included room temperature, refrigeration and freezing treatments; the addition of antimicrobial agents benzyl alcohol or methanol to some of these treatments was also evaluated. Nectar samples were analysed using high-performance liquid chromatography and the masses of sucrose, glucose and fructose in each sample were determined. Masses of sugars varied significantly among sampling treatments, but the highest yielding methods, rinsing and washing, were not significantly different. A washing time of 1 min was as effective as one of 20 min. Storage trials showed that the sugar concentration measurements of nectar solutions changed rapidly, with the best results achieved for refrigeration with no additive (sucrose and fructose were stable for at least 2 weeks). Sugar ratios, however, remained relatively stable in most treatments and did not change significantly across 4 weeks for the methanol plus refrigerator and freezing treatments, and 2 weeks for the refrigeration treatment with no additive. Washing is recommended for nectar collection from flowers with low nectar volumes in the field (with the understanding that one wash underestimates the amounts of sugars present in a flower), as is immediate analysis of sugar mass. In view of the great variation in results depending on nectar collection and storage methods, caution should be exercised in their choice, and their accuracy should be evaluated. The use of pulsed amperometric detection, more specific than refractive index detection, may improve the accuracy of nectar sugar analysis.

Influence of Pre-Storage Irradiation on the Oxidative Stress Markers, Membrane Integrity, Size and Shape of the Cold Stored Red Blood Cells

PubMed Central

Antosik, Adam; Czubak, Kamila; Gajek, Arkadiusz; Marczak, Agnieszka; Glowacki, Rafal; Borowczyk, Kamila; Zbikowska, Halina Malgorzata

2015-01-01

Background To investigate the extent of oxidative damage and changes in morphology of manually isolated red blood cells (RBCs) from whole blood, cold stored (up to 20 days) in polystyrene tubes and subjected to pre-storage irradiation (50 Gy) and to compare the properties of SAGM-preserved RBCs stored under experimental conditions (polystyrene tubes) with RBCs from standard blood bag storage. Methods The percentage of hemolysis as well as the extracellular activity of LDH, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Changes in the topology of RBC membrane, shape, and size were evaluated by flow cytometry and judged against microscopy images. Results Irradiation caused significant LDH release as well as increased hemolysis and lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, and reduction of TAC. Prolonged storage of irradiated RBCs resulted in phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface. By day 20, approximately 60% of RBCs displayed non-discoid shape. We did not notice significant differences in percentage of altered cells and cell volume between RBCs exposed to irradiation and those not exposed. Conclusion Irradiation of RBC transfusion units with a dose of 50 Gy should be avoided. For research purposes such as studying the role of antioxidants, storage of small volumes of RBCs derived from the same donor would be more useful, cheaper, and blood-saving. PMID:26195927

Influence of Pre-Storage Irradiation on the Oxidative Stress Markers, Membrane Integrity, Size and Shape of the Cold Stored Red Blood Cells.

PubMed

Antosik, Adam; Czubak, Kamila; Gajek, Arkadiusz; Marczak, Agnieszka; Glowacki, Rafal; Borowczyk, Kamila; Zbikowska, Halina Malgorzata

2015-05-01

To investigate the extent of oxidative damage and changes in morphology of manually isolated red blood cells (RBCs) from whole blood, cold stored (up to 20 days) in polystyrene tubes and subjected to pre-storage irradiation (50 Gy) and to compare the properties of SAGM-preserved RBCs stored under experimental conditions (polystyrene tubes) with RBCs from standard blood bag storage. The percentage of hemolysis as well as the extracellular activity of LDH, thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, reduced glutathione (GSH), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Changes in the topology of RBC membrane, shape, and size were evaluated by flow cytometry and judged against microscopy images. Irradiation caused significant LDH release as well as increased hemolysis and lipid peroxidation, GSH depletion, and reduction of TAC. Prolonged storage of irradiated RBCs resulted in phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface. By day 20, approximately 60% of RBCs displayed non-discoid shape. We did not notice significant differences in percentage of altered cells and cell volume between RBCs exposed to irradiation and those not exposed. Irradiation of RBC transfusion units with a dose of 50 Gy should be avoided. For research purposes such as studying the role of antioxidants, storage of small volumes of RBCs derived from the same donor would be more useful, cheaper, and blood-saving.

Partnerships against Violence: Promising Programs. Volume 1: Resource Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC.

This volume represents the first step in an effort to build a central repository of promising anti-violence programs. Part of a cooperative venture in the federal government, this resource guide draws on information stored in more than 30 Federal clearinghouses and resource centers. Included here are programs developed by government agencies,…

Holographic Compact Disk Read-Only Memories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liu, Tsuen-Hsi

1996-01-01

Compact disk read-only memories (CD-ROMs) of proposed type store digital data in volume holograms instead of in surface differentially reflective elements. Holographic CD-ROM consist largely of parts similar to those used in conventional CD-ROMs. However, achieves 10 or more times data-storage capacity and throughput by use of wavelength-multiplexing/volume-hologram scheme.

Retail trade incentives: how tobacco industry practices compare with those of other industries.

PubMed Central

Feighery, E C; Ribisl, K M; Achabal, D D; Tyebjee, T

1999-01-01

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the incentive payments for premium shelf space and discounts on volume purchases paid to retailers by 5 types of companies. METHODS: Merchants were interviewed at 108 randomly selected small retail outlets that sell tobacco in Santa Clara County, California. RESULTS: Significantly more retailers reported receiving slotting/display allowances for tobacco (62.4%) than for any other product type. An average store participating in a retailer incentive program received approximately $3157 annually from all sampled product types, of which approximately $2462 (78%) came from tobacco companies. CONCLUSIONS: Future research should assess the impact of tobacco industry incentive programs on the in-store marketing and sales practices of retailers. PMID:10511841

Retail trade incentives: how tobacco industry practices compare with those of other industries.

PubMed

Feighery, E C; Ribisl, K M; Achabal, D D; Tyebjee, T

1999-10-01

This study compared the incentive payments for premium shelf space and discounts on volume purchases paid to retailers by 5 types of companies. Merchants were interviewed at 108 randomly selected small retail outlets that sell tobacco in Santa Clara County, California. Significantly more retailers reported receiving slotting/display allowances for tobacco (62.4%) than for any other product type. An average store participating in a retailer incentive program received approximately $3157 annually from all sampled product types, of which approximately $2462 (78%) came from tobacco companies. Future research should assess the impact of tobacco industry incentive programs on the in-store marketing and sales practices of retailers.

Materials Safety Data Sheets: the basis for control of toxic chemicals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ketchen, E.E.; Porter, W.E.

1979-09-01

The Material Safety Data Sheets contained in this volume are the basis for the Toxic Chemical Control Program developed by the Industrial Hygiene Department, Health Division, ORNL. The three volumes are the update and expansion of ORNL/TM-5721 and ORNL/TM-5722 Material Safety Data Sheets: The Basis for Control of Toxic Chemicals, Volume I and Volume II. As such, they are a valuable adjunct to the data cards issued with specific chemicals. The chemicals are identified by name, stores catalog number where appropriate, and sequence numbers from the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1977 Edition, if available. The datamore » sheets were developed and compiled to aid in apprising the employees of hazards peculiar to the handling and/or use of specific toxic chemicals. Space limitation necessitate the use of descriptive medical terms and toxicological abbreviations. A glossary and an abbreviation list were developed to define some of those sometimes unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. The page numbers are keyed to the catalog number in the chemical stores at ORNL.« less

Materials Safety Data Sheets: the basis for control of toxic chemicals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ketchen, E.E.; Porter, W.E.

The Material Safety Data Sheets contained in this volume are the basis for the Toxic Chemical Control Program developed by the Industrial Hygiene Department, Health Division, ORNL. The three volumes are the update and expansion of ORNL/TM-5721 and ORNL/TM-5722 Material Safety Data Sheets: The Basis for Control of Toxic Chemicals, Volume I and Volume II. As such, they are a valuable adjunct to the data cards issued with specific chemicals. The chemicals are identified by name, stores catalog number where appropriate, and sequence numbers from the NIOSH Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances, 1977 Edition, if available. The datamore » sheets were developed and compiled to aid in apprising the employees of hazards peculiar to the handling and/or use of specific toxic chemicals. Space limitation necessitate the use of descriptive medical terms and toxicological abbreviations. A glossary and an abbreviation list were developed to define some of those sometimes unfamiliar terms and abbreviations. The page numbers are keyed to the catalog number in the chemical stores at ORNL.« less

Impact of the age of stored blood on trauma patient mortality: a systematic review

PubMed Central

Sowers, Nicholas; Froese, Patrick C.; Erdogan, Mete; Green, Robert S.

2015-01-01

Background The impact of the age of stored red blood cells on mortality in patients sustaining traumatic injuries requiring transfusion of blood products is unknown. The objective of this systematic review was to identify and describe the available literature on the use of older versus newer blood in trauma patient populations. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Lilac and the Cochrane Database for published studies comparing the transfusion of newer versus older red blood cells in adult patients sustaining traumatic injuries. Studies included for review reported on trauma patients receiving transfusions of packed red blood cells, identified the age of stored blood that was transfused and reported patient mortality as an end point. We extracted data using a standardized form and assessed study quality using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. Results Seven studies were identified (6780 patients) from 3936 initial search results. Four studies reported that transfusion of older blood was independently associated with increased mortality in trauma patients, while 3 studies did not observe any increase in patient mortality with the use of older versus newer blood. Three studies associated the transfusion of older blood with adverse patient outcomes, including longer stay in the intensive care unit, complicated sepsis, pneumonia and renal dysfunction. Studies varied considerably in design, volumes of blood transfused and definitions applied for old and new blood. Conclusion The impact of the age of stored packed red blood cells on mortality in trauma patients is inconclusive. Future investigations are warranted. PMID:26384149

There's an App for That? Highlighting the Difficulty in Finding Clinically Relevant Smartphone Applications.

PubMed

Wiechmann, Warren; Kwan, Daniel; Bokarius, Andrew; Toohey, Shannon L

2016-03-01

The use of personal mobile devices in the medical field has grown quickly, and a large proportion of physicians use their mobile devices as an immediate resource for clinical decision-making, prescription information and other medical information. The iTunes App Store (Apple, Inc.) contains approximately 20,000 apps in its "Medical" category, providing a robust repository of resources for clinicians; however, this represents only 2% of the entire App Store. The App Store does not have strict criteria for identifying content specific to practicing physicians, making the identification of clinically relevant content difficult. The objective of this study is to quantify the characteristics of existing medical applications in the iTunes App Store that could be used by emergency physicians, residents, or medical students. We found applications related to emergency medicine (EM) by searching the iTunes App Store for 21 terms representing core content areas of EM, such as "emergency medicine," "critical care," "orthopedics," and "procedures." Two physicians independently reviewed descriptions of these applications in the App Store and categorized each as the following: Clinically Relevant, Book/Published Source, Non-English, Study Tools, or Not Relevant. A third physician reviewer resolved disagreements about categorization. Descriptive statistics were calculated. We found a total of 7,699 apps from the 21 search terms, of which 17.8% were clinical, 9.6% were based on a book or published source, 1.6% were non-English, 0.7% were clinically relevant patient education resources, and 4.8% were study tools. Most significantly, 64.9% were considered not relevant to medical professionals. Clinically relevant apps make up approximately 6.9% of the App Store's "Medical" Category and 0.1% of the overall App Store. Clinically relevant apps represent only a small percentage (6.9%) of the total App volume within the Medical section of the App Store. Without a structured search-and-evaluation strategy, it may be difficult for the casual user to identify this potentially useful content. Given the increasing adoption of devices in healthcare, national EM associations should consider curating these resources for their members.

Maintenance of storage properties of pediatric aliquots of apheresis platelets in fluoroethylene propylene containers.

PubMed

Skripchenko, Andrey; Myrup, Andrew; Thompson-Montgomery, Dedeene; Awatefe, Helen; Wagner, Stephen J

2013-04-01

Platelet (PLT) aliquots for pediatric use have been shown to retain in vitro properties when stored in gas-impermeable syringes for up to 6 hours. As an alternative, PLT aliquots can be stored for longer periods in containers used for storage of whole blood-derived PLTs. These containers are not available separate from whole blood collection sets and PLT volumes less than 35 mL either have not been evaluated or may be unsuitable for PLT storage. Gas-permeable fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) containers have been used in the storage of cell therapy preparations and are available in multiple sizes as single containers but have not been evaluated for PLT storage. A single apheresis unit was divided on Day 3 into small aliquots with volume ranging from 20 to 60 mL, transferred using a sterile connection device, and stored for an additional 2 days either in CLX (control) or in FEP containers. PLT storage properties of PLTs stored in FEP containers were compared to those stored in CLX containers. Standard PLT in vitro assays were performed (n =6). PLT storage properties were either similar to those of CLX containers or differed by less than 20% excepting carbon dioxide levels, which varied less than 60%. Pediatric PLT aliquots of 20, 30, and 60mL transferred on Day 3 into FEP cell culture containers adequately maintain PLT properties for an additional 2days of storage. © 2012 American Association of Blood Banks.

US Household Food Shopping Patterns: Dynamic Shifts Since 2000 And Socioeconomic Predictors.

PubMed

Stern, Dalia; Robinson, Whitney R; Ng, Shu Wen; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Popkin, Barry M

2015-11-01

Under the assumption that differential food access might underlie nutritional disparities, programs and policies have focused on the need to build supermarkets in underserved areas, in an effort to improve dietary quality. However, there is limited evidence about which types of stores are used by households of different income levels and differing races/ethnicities. We used cross-sectional cluster analysis to derive shopping patterns from US households' volume food purchases by store from 2000 to 2012. Multinomial logistic regression identified household socioeconomic characteristics that were associated with shopping patterns in 2012. We found three food shopping patterns or clusters: households that primarily shopped at grocery stores, households that primarily shopped at mass merchandisers, and a combination cluster in which households split their purchases among multiple store types. In 2012 we found no income or race/ethnicity differences for the cluster of households that primarily shopped at grocery stores. However, low-income non-Hispanic blacks (versus non-Hispanic whites) had a significantly lower probability of belonging to the mass merchandise cluster. These varied shopping patterns must be considered in future policy initiatives. Furthermore, it is important to continue studying the complex rationales for people's food shopping patterns. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Virtual file system for PSDS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Runnels, Tyson D.

1993-01-01

This is a case study. It deals with the use of a 'virtual file system' (VFS) for Boeing's UNIX-based Product Standards Data System (PSDS). One of the objectives of PSDS is to store digital standards documents. The file-storage requirements are that the files must be rapidly accessible, stored for long periods of time - as though they were paper, protected from disaster, and accumulative to about 80 billion characters (80 gigabytes). This volume of data will be approached in the first two years of the project's operation. The approach chosen is to install a hierarchical file migration system using optical disk cartridges. Files are migrated from high-performance media to lower performance optical media based on a least-frequency-used algorithm. The optical media are less expensive per character stored and are removable. Vital statistics about the removable optical disk cartridges are maintained in a database. The assembly of hardware and software acts as a single virtual file system transparent to the PSDS user. The files are copied to 'backup-and-recover' media whose vital statistics are also stored in the database. Seventeen months into operation, PSDS is storing 49 gigabytes. A number of operational and performance problems were overcome. Costs are under control. New and/or alternative uses for the VFS are being considered.

Factors influencing Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) assay outcomes at point of care

PubMed Central

Lillis, Lorraine; Siverson, Joshua; Lee, Arthur; Cantera, Jason; Parker, Matthew; Piepenburg, Olaf; Lehman, Dara A.; Boyle, David S.

2016-01-01

Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) can be used to detect pathogen-specific DNA or RNA in under 20 minutes without the need for complex instrumentation. These properties enable its potential use in resource limited settings. However, there are concerns that deviations from the manufacturer’s protocol and/or storage conditions could influence its performance in low resource settings. RPA amplification relies upon viscous crowding agents for optimal nucleic acid amplification, and thus an interval mixing step after 3–6 minutes of incubation is recommended to distribute amplicons and improve performance. In this study we used a HIV-1 RPA assay to evaluate the effects of this mixing step on assay performance. A lack of mixing led to a longer time to amplification and inferior detection signal, compromising the sensitivity of the assay. However lowering the assay volume from 50 μL to 5 μL showed similar sensitivity with or without mixing. We present the first peer-reviewed study that assesses long term stability of RPA reagents without a cold chain. Reagents stored at −20°C, and 25°C for up to 12 weeks were able to detect 10 HIV-1 DNA copies. Reagents stored at 45°C for up to 3 weeks were able to detect 10 HIV-1 DNA copies, with reduced sensitivity only after >3 weeks at 45°C. Together our results show that reducing reaction volumes bypassed the need for the mixing step and that RPA reagents were stable even when stored for 3 weeks at very high temperatures. PMID:26854117

Factors influencing Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) assay outcomes at point of care.

PubMed

Lillis, Lorraine; Siverson, Joshua; Lee, Arthur; Cantera, Jason; Parker, Mathew; Piepenburg, Olaf; Lehman, Dara A; Boyle, David S

2016-04-01

Recombinase Polymerase Amplification (RPA) can be used to detect pathogen-specific DNA or RNA in under 20 min without the need for complex instrumentation. These properties enable its potential use in resource limited settings. However, there are concerns that deviations from the manufacturer's protocol and/or storage conditions could influence its performance in low resource settings. RPA amplification relies upon viscous crowding agents for optimal nucleic acid amplification, and thus an interval mixing step after 3-6 min of incubation is recommended to distribute amplicons and improve performance. In this study we used a HIV-1 RPA assay to evaluate the effects of this mixing step on assay performance. A lack of mixing led to a longer time to amplification and inferior detection signal, compromising the sensitivity of the assay. However lowering the assay volume from 50 μL to 5 μL showed similar sensitivity with or without mixing. We present the first peer-reviewed study that assesses long term stability of RPA reagents without a cold chain. Reagents stored at -20 °C, and 25 °C for up to 12 weeks were able to detect 10 HIV-1 DNA copies. Reagents stored at 45 °C for up to 3 weeks were able to detect 10 HIV-1 DNA copies, with reduced sensitivity only after >3 weeks at 45 °C. Together our results show that reducing reaction volumes bypassed the need for the mixing step and that RPA reagents were stable even when stored for 3 weeks at very high temperatures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Analysis of World-Wide Contributions to "Nuclear Science Abstracts," Volume 22 (1968).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaden, William M.

Beginning with volume 20, "Nuclear Science Abstracts" (NSA) citations, exclusive of abstracts, have been recorded on magnetic tape. The articles have been categorized by 34 elements of the citations such as title, author, source, journal, report number, etc. At the time of this report more than 130,000 citations had been stored for…

76 FR 20721 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... Conservation Act AGENCY: National Science Foundation. ACTION: Notice of permit applications received under the... Diego. The volume of the air sacs and lungs are critical to the diving physiology of penguins in at... total body O 2 stores in various species. And second, the ratio of air sac to lung volume is a potential...

Technical Reports (Part II). End of Project Report, 1968-1971, Volume IV.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Western Nevada Regional Education Center, Lovelock.

The pamphlets included in this volume are technical reports prepared as outgrowths of the Student Information System of the Western Nevada Regional Education Center funded by a Title III grant under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965. These reports demonstrate the use of the stored data; methods of interpreting the printouts from…

The Jones Commission - DoD Study of the Military Commissary System. Volume 1. Study Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-18

management and contract distribution, ship sailings to * Chapter 7 defines a short range product support overseas commissaries, and other distribution strategy...continuing productivity rather than increasing selling shift in the military from single Service prices. The commission focused on the members to married...distribution of has a different accounting system and a resale products . different "above-store level" automated system. Bill paying is also different

Magma volumes and storage in the middle crust

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Memeti, V.; Barnes, C. G.; Paterson, S. R.

2015-12-01

Quantifying magma volumes in magma plumbing systems is mostly done through geophysical means or based on volcanic eruptions. Detailed studies of plutons, however, are useful in revealing depths and evolving volumes of stored magmas over variable lifetimes of magma systems. Knowledge of the location, volume, and longevity of stored magma is critical for understanding where in the crust magmas attain their chemical signature, how these systems physically behave and how source, storage levels, and volcanoes are connected. Detailed field mapping, combined with single mineral geochemistry and geochronology of plutons, allow estimates of size and longevity of melt-interconnected magma batches that existed during the construction of magma storage sites. The Tuolumne intrusive complex (TIC) recorded a 10 myr magmatic history. Detailed maps of the major units in different parts of the TIC indicate overall smaller scale (cm- to <1 km) compositional variation in the oldest, outer Kuna Crest unit and mainly larger scale (>10 km) changes in the younger Half Dome and Cathedral Peak units. Mineral-scale trace element data from hornblende of granodiorites to gabbros from the Kuna Crest lobe show distinct hornblende compositions and zoning patterns. Mixed hornblende populations occur only at the transition to the main TIC. This compositional heterogeneity in the first 1-2 myr points to low volume magmatism resulting in smaller, discrete and not chemically interacting magma bodies. Trace element and Sr- and Pb-isotope data from growth zones of K-feldspar phenocrysts from the two younger granodiorites indicate complex mineral zoning, but general isotopic overlap, suggesting in-situ, inter-unit mixing and fractionation. This is supported by hybrid zones between units, mixing of zircon, hornblende, and K-feldspar populations and late leucogranites. Thus, magma body sizes increased later resulting in overall more homogeneous, but complexly mixing magma mushes that fractionated locally.

Use of a turbine in a breath-by-breath computer-based respiratory measurement system.

PubMed

Venkateswaran, R S; Gallagher, R R

1997-01-01

The Computer-Based Respiratory Measurement System (CBRMS) is capable of analyzing individual breaths to monitor the kinetics of oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, tidal volumes, pulmonary ventilation, and other respiratory parameters during rest, exercise, and recovery. Respiratory gas volumes are measured by a calibrated turbine transducer while the respiratory gas concentrations are measured by a calibrated, fast-responding medical gas analyzer. To improve accuracy of the results, the inspiratory volumes and gas concentrations are measured and not assumed to be equal to expiratory volumes or ambient concentrations respectively. The respiratory gas volumes and concentration signals are digitized and stored in arrays. The gas volumes are converted to flow signals by software differentiation. These digitized data arrays are stored as files in a personal computer. Time alignment of the flow and gas concentration signals is performed at each breath for maximum accuracy in analysis. For system verification, data were obtained under resting conditions and under constant load exercises at 50 W, 100 W, and 150 W. These workloads were performed by a healthy, male subject on a bicycle ergometer. A strong correlation existed between the CBRMS steady-state results and the standard end-expirate bag collection technique. Thus, there is reason to believe that the CBRMS is capable of calculating respiratory transient responses accurately, a significant contribution to an understanding of total respiratory system function.

Diverse patterns of stored water use among saplings in seasonally dry tropical forests.

PubMed

Wolfe, Brett T; Kursar, Thomas A

2015-12-01

Tree species in seasonally dry tropical forests likely vary in their drought-survival mechanisms. Drought-deciduousness, which reduces water loss, and low wood density, which may permit dependence on stored water, are considered key traits. For saplings of six species at two distinct sites, we studied these and two associated traits: the seasonal amount of water released per stem volume ("water released") and the hydraulic capacitance of the stem (C). Two deciduous species with low stem density, Cavanillesia platanifolia and Bursera simaruba, had high C and high dry-season stem water potential (Ψ(stem)), but differed in dry-season water released. C. platanifolia did not use stored water during the dry season whereas B. simaruba, in a drier forest, released stored water. In both, water released was highest while flushing leaves, suggesting that stored water supports leaf flushing. In contrast, two deciduous species with intermediate stem density, Annona hayesii and Genipa americana, had intermediate C, low dry-season Ψ(stem), and high seasonal change in water released. Meanwhile, two evergreen species with intermediate stem density, Cojoba rufescens and Astronium graveolens, had relatively low C, low dry-season Ψ(stem), and intermediate seasonal change in water released. Thus, at least three, distinct stored-water-use strategies were observed. Additionally, bark relative water content (RWC) decreased along with Ψ(stem) during the dry season while xylem RWC did not change, suggesting that bark-stored water buffers Ψ(stem) seasonally. Together these results suggest that seasonal use of stored water and change in Ψ(stem) are associated with functional groups that are characterized by combinations of deciduousness and stem density.

The plant cytoskeleton controls regulatory volume increase.

PubMed

Liu, Qiong; Qiao, Fei; Ismail, Ahmed; Chang, Xiaoli; Nick, Peter

2013-09-01

The ability to adjust cell volume is required for the adaptation to osmotic stress. Plant protoplasts can swell within seconds in response to hypoosmotic shock suggesting that membrane material is released from internal stores. Since the stability of plant membranes depends on submembraneous actin, we asked, whether this regulatory volume control depends on the cytoskeleton. As system we used two cell lines from grapevine which differ in their osmotic tolerance and observed that the cytoskeleton responded differently in these two cell lines. To quantify the ability for regulatory volume control, we used hydraulic conductivity (Lp) as readout and demonstrated a role of the cytoskeleton in protoplast swelling. Chelation of calcium, inhibition of calcium channels, or manipulation of membrane fluidity, did not significantly alter Lp, whereas direct manipulation of the cytoskeleton via specific chemical reagents, or indirectly, through the bacterial elicitor Harpin or activation of phospholipase D, was effective. By optochemical engineering of actin using a caged form of the phytohormone auxin we can break the symmetry of actin organisation resulting in a localised deformation of cell shape indicative of a locally increased Lp. We interpret our findings in terms of a model, where the submembraneous cytoskeleton controls the release of intracellular membrane stores during regulatory volume change. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A prospective study on red blood cell transfusion related hyperkalemia in critically ill patients.

PubMed

Raza, Shahzad; Ali Baig, Mahadi; Chang, Christopher; Dabas, Ridhima; Akhtar, Mallika; Khan, Areej; Nemani, Krishna; Alani, Rahima; Majumder, Omran; Gazizova, Natalya; Biswas, Shaluk; Patel, Priyeshkumar; Al-Hilli, Jaffar A; Shad, Yasar; Berger, Barbara J; Zaman, Mohammad

2015-06-01

Transfusion-associated hyperkalemic cardiac arrest is a serious complication in patients receiving packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions. Mortality from hyperkalemia increases with large volumes of PRBC transfusion, increased rate of transfusion, and the use of stored PRBCs. Theoretically, hyperkalemia may be complicated by low cardiac output, acidosis, hyperglycemia, hypocalcemia, and hypothermia. In this study, we focus on transfusion-related hyperkalemia involving only medical intensive care unit (MICU) patients. This prospective observational study focuses on PRBC transfusions among MICU patients greater than 18 years of age. Factors considered during each transfusion included patient's diagnosis, indication for transfusion, medical co-morbidities, acid-base disorders, K(+) levels before and after each PRBC transfusion, age of stored blood, volume and rate of transfusion, and other adverse events. We used Pearson correlation and multivariate analysis for each factor listed above and performed a logistic regression analysis. Between June 2011 and December 2011, 125 patients received a total of 160 units of PRBCs. Median age was 63 years (22 - 92 years). Seventy-one (57%) were females. Sixty-three patients (50%) had metabolic acidosis, 75 (60%) had acute renal failure (ARF), and 12 (10%) had end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Indications for transfusion included septic shock (n = 65, 52%), acute blood loss (n = 25, 20%), non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) (n = 25, 20%) and preparation for procedures (n = 14, 11%). Baseline K(+) value was 3.9 ± 1.1 mEq/L compared to 4.3 ± 1.2 mEq/L post-transfusion respectively (P = 0.9). During this study period, 4% of patients developed hyperkalemia (K(+) 5.5 mEq/L or above). The mean change of serum potassium in patients receiving transfusion ≥ 12 days old blood was 4.1 ± 0.4 mEq/L compared to 4.8 ± 0.3 mEq/L (mean ± SD) in patients receiving blood 12 days or less old. Sixty-two patients (77.5%) that were transfused stored blood (for more than 12 days) had increased serum K(+); eight (17.7%) patients received blood that was stored for less than 12 days. In both univariate (P = 0.02) and multivariate (P = 0.04) analysis, findings showed that among all factors, transfusion of stored blood was the only factor that affected serum potassium levels (95% CI: 0.32 - 0.91). No difference was found between central and peripheral intravenous access (P = 0.12), acidosis (P = 0.12), ARF (P = 0.6), ESRD (P = 0.5), and multiple transfusions (P = 0.09). One subject developed a sustained cardiac arrest after developing severe hyperkalemia (K(+) = 9.0) following transfusion of seven units of PRBCs. Multivariate logistic regression showed linear correlation between duration of stored blood and serum K(+) (R(2) = 0.889). This study assesses factors that affect K(+) in patients admitted to MICU. Results from the study show that rise in serum K(+) level is more pronounced in patients who receive stored blood (> 12 days). Future studies should focus on the use of altered storage solution, inclusion of potassium absorption filters during transfusion and cautious use of blood warmer in patients requiring massive blood transfusions.

Adverse Effects of Hemorrhagic Shock Resuscitation with Stored Blood are Ameliorated by Inhaled Nitric Oxide in Lambs

PubMed Central

Baron, David M.; Beloiartsev, Arkadi; Nakagawa, Akito; Martyn, Trejeeve; Stowell, Christopher P.; Malhotra, Rajeev; Mayeur, Claire; Bloch, Kenneth D.; Zapol, Warren M.

2013-01-01

Objectives Transfusion of stored red blood cells (RBCs) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in trauma patients. Plasma hemoglobin scavenges nitric oxide (NO), which can cause vasoconstriction, induce inflammation and activate platelets. We hypothesized that transfusion of RBCs stored for prolonged periods would induce adverse effects (pulmonary vasoconstriction, tissue injury, inflammation, and platelet activation) in lambs subjected to severe hemorrhagic shock, and that concurrent inhalation of NO would prevent these adverse effects. Design Animal study. Setting Research laboratory at the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Subjects Seventeen awake Polypay-breed lambs. Interventions Lambs were subjected to 2 h of hemorrhagic shock by acutely withdrawing 50% of their blood volume. Lambs were resuscitated with autologous RBCs stored for 2 h or less (fresh) or 39±2 (mean±SD) days (stored). Stored RBCs were administered with or without breathing NO (80 ppm) during resuscitation and for 21 h thereafter. Measurements and Main Results We measured hemodynamic and oxygenation parameters, markers of tissue injury and inflammation, plasma hemoglobin concentrations, and platelet activation. Peak pulmonary arterial pressure was higher after resuscitation with stored than with fresh RBCs (24±4 vs. 14±2 mmHg, p<0.001) and correlated with peak plasma hemoglobin concentrations (R2=0.56, p=0.003). At 21 h after resuscitation, pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity was higher in lambs resuscitated with stored than with fresh RBCs (11±2 vs. 4±1 U/g, p=0.007). Furthermore, transfusion of stored RBCs increased plasma markers of tissue injury and sensitized platelets to adenosine diphosphate activation. Breathing NO prevented the pulmonary hypertension, and attenuated the pulmonary myeloperoxidase activity, as well as tissue injury and sensitization of platelets to adenosine diphosphate. Conclusions Our data suggest that resuscitation of lambs from hemorrhagic shock with autologous stored RBCs induces pulmonary hypertension and inflammation, which can be ameliorated by breathing NO. PMID:23887236

Prediction of Supersonic Store Separation Characteristics Including Fuselage and Stores of Noncircular Cross Section. Volume III. Appendices A and B, Details of Program I.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-01

IZPT,ITH,IDEL,NTAP7,IAR,IAN,IUB, IGB(7) ,IVB,IU,IV,IW,IVA,IWA, ICP, IPHI,IYB,NAG,NAP,NAV,NAS, NASHK, NAFLD ,IAO,IDO,ISKO,TYIMI,IZIM,ISVN,ISKP,NRING,IROW...locations in blank common required in SOLVE NASHIK maximum locations in blank common required in BSHOCK NAFLD maximum locations in blank common

ESP (External-Stores Program) - A Pilot Computer Program for Determining Flutter-Critical External-Store Configurations. Volume 1. User’s Manual,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

li’Lii El. IE F INE ,UT 1 = K MM. * GET, NAST484/UN=SYSTEM. E(EGIN, ,NAST464. PFL, 160000, RED’UCE(-). LINKI , L~DDEDDD Figure A-I1 Typical Control-Card...initiated via Che LINKI statement, in which the second term is the input data file. The permanent file name KMDM, shown in conjunction with local file

Storage changes in the quality of sound and sprouted flour.

PubMed

Sur, R; Nagi, H P; Sharma, S; Sekhon, K S

1993-07-01

Sound and sprouted flours (24 and 48 hr) from bread wheat (WL-1562), durum wheat (PBW-34) and triticale (TL-1210) were stored at room temperature (34.8 degrees C) and relative humidity (66.7%) for 0, 45, 90 and 135 days to assess the changes in physico-chemical and baking properties. Protein, gluten, sedimentation value, starch and crude fat decreased during storage in all the samples; however, the decrease was more in sprouted flours. Free amino acids, proteolytic activity, diastatic activity and damaged starch decreased with increase in storage period. Total sugars and free fatty acids increased more rapidly in the flours of sprouted wheats during 135 days of storage. Loaf volume of breads decreased during storage in both sound and sprouted flour but the mean percent decrease in loaf volume was more in stored sound flours. Aging of sprouted flour for 45 days improved the cookie and cake making properties but further storage was of no value for these baked products. Chapati making properties of stored sound and sprouted flour were inferior to that of fresh counterparts.

Processing Satellite Images on Tertiary Storage: A Study of the Impact of Tile Size on Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yu, JieBing; DeWitt, David J.

1996-01-01

Before raw data from a satellite can be used by an Earth scientist, it must first undergo a number of processing steps including basic processing, cleansing, and geo-registration. Processing actually expands the volume of data collected by a factor of 2 or 3 and the original data is never deleted. Thus processing and storage requirements can exceed 2 terrabytes/day. Once processed data is ready for analysis, a series of algorithms (typically developed by the Earth scientists) is applied to a large number of images in a data set. The focus of this paper is how best to handle such images stored on tape using the following assumptions: (1) all images of interest to a scientist are stored on a single tape, (2) images are accessed and processed in the order that they are stored on tape, and (3) the analysis requires access to only a portion of each image and not the entire image.

A Database as a Service for the Healthcare System to Store Physiological Signal Data.

PubMed

Chang, Hsien-Tsung; Lin, Tsai-Huei

2016-01-01

Wearable devices that measure physiological signals to help develop self-health management habits have become increasingly popular in recent years. These records are conducive for follow-up health and medical care. In this study, based on the characteristics of the observed physiological signal records- 1) a large number of users, 2) a large amount of data, 3) low information variability, 4) data privacy authorization, and 5) data access by designated users-we wish to resolve physiological signal record-relevant issues utilizing the advantages of the Database as a Service (DaaS) model. Storing a large amount of data using file patterns can reduce database load, allowing users to access data efficiently; the privacy control settings allow users to store data securely. The results of the experiment show that the proposed system has better database access performance than a traditional relational database, with a small difference in database volume, thus proving that the proposed system can improve data storage performance.

A Database as a Service for the Healthcare System to Store Physiological Signal Data

PubMed Central

Lin, Tsai-Huei

2016-01-01

Wearable devices that measure physiological signals to help develop self-health management habits have become increasingly popular in recent years. These records are conducive for follow-up health and medical care. In this study, based on the characteristics of the observed physiological signal records– 1) a large number of users, 2) a large amount of data, 3) low information variability, 4) data privacy authorization, and 5) data access by designated users—we wish to resolve physiological signal record-relevant issues utilizing the advantages of the Database as a Service (DaaS) model. Storing a large amount of data using file patterns can reduce database load, allowing users to access data efficiently; the privacy control settings allow users to store data securely. The results of the experiment show that the proposed system has better database access performance than a traditional relational database, with a small difference in database volume, thus proving that the proposed system can improve data storage performance. PMID:28033415

In-situ liquid storage capacity measurement of subsurface wastewater absorption system products.

PubMed

Quisenberry, Virgil; Brown, Philip; Smith, Bill; Hallahan, Dennis F

2006-11-01

A method is presented for measuring the in-situ liquid storage capacity of subsurface wastewater infiltration system (SWIS) products. While these products vary in composition, geometry, and porosity, they all have the same function: to provide a conduit for the flow of effluent from a septic tank to and through a trench so that infiltration into the soil can occur. A functional SWIS must also provide temporary liquid storage. Storage is necessary for periods when discharge from the septic tank exceeds the infiltration rate of the soil. Storage is also important during times when the soil in and around the trench is saturated. Many states now have regulatory requirements pertaining to storage volume, and these requirements commonly establish the traditional gravel-pipe system as the standard for minimally acceptable volume. Raliable comparisons between various alternative products and gravel have been difficult or impossible, because there has been no standard method for measuring storage volume. Some products have been evaluated under realistic field conditions; others have been evaluated under theoretical or ideal conditions. The protocol developed by the study reported here can serve as a common, accurate basis for comparisons. A 3-foot-deep trench was excavated, and the bottom was leveled. Markers (nails or rods) were attached to the products to indicate the invert and full-volume heights. The products were then enclosed in plastic, placed in a trench, and covered with soil. A 4-inch-diameter pipe extended from the product to the surface to allow metered additions of water into the products and precise determinations when the systems had been filled to capacity. Four plastic chambers, three expanded polystyrene (ESP) products, two multipipe arrangements, and a standard gravel-pipe system were evaluated. The standard gravel-pipe system held 10.2 gal/ft Three of the four plastic chambers stored from 100 to 130 percent of what the standard system held. The multipipe systems held 80 and 90 percent of the standard. The ESP bundles held less than 75 percent of the standard, with the most commonly used configuration storing about 60 percent. The rigid products were found to store amounts that agreed with their companies' reported values. The ESP products retained less than company reported values. These differences illustrate the need for a standard protocol for measuring storage volume.

Compilation of fatigue, fatigue-crack propagation, and fracture data for 2024 and 7075 aluminum, Ti-6Al-4V titanium, and 300M steel. Volume 1: Description of data and data storage on magnetic tape. Volume 2: Data tape (7-track magnetic tape)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rice, R. C.; Reynolds, J. L.

1976-01-01

Fatigue, fatigue-crack-propagation, and fracture data compiled and stored on magnetic tape are documented. Data for 202 and 7075 aluminum alloys, Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy, and 300M steel are included in the compilation. Approximately 4,500 fatigue, 6,500 fatigue-crack-propagation, and 1,500 fracture data points are stored on magnetic tape. Descriptions of the data, an index to the data on the magnetic tape, information on data storage format on the tape, a listing of all data source references, and abstracts of other pertinent test information from each data source reference are included.

Rechargeable metal hydrides for spacecraft application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perry, J. L.

1988-01-01

Storing hydrogen on board the Space Station presents both safety and logistics problems. Conventional storage using pressurized bottles requires large masses, pressures, and volumes to handle the hydrogen to be used in experiments in the U.S. Laboratory Module and residual hydrogen generated by the ECLSS. Rechargeable metal hydrides may be competitive with conventional storage techniques. The basic theory of hydride behavior is presented and the engineering properties of LaNi5 are discussed to gain a clear understanding of the potential of metal hydrides for handling spacecraft hydrogen resources. Applications to Space Station and the safety of metal hydrides are presented and compared to conventional hydride storage. This comparison indicates that metal hydrides may be safer and require lower pressures, less volume, and less mass to store an equivalent mass of hydrogen.

Menstrual blood loss measurement: validation of the alkaline hematin technique for feminine hygiene products containing superabsorbent polymers.

PubMed

Magnay, Julia L; Nevatte, Tracy M; Dhingra, Vandana; O'Brien, Shaughn

2010-12-01

To validate the alkaline hematin technique for measurement of menstrual blood loss using ultra-thin sanitary towels that contain superabsorbent polymer granules as the absorptive agent. Laboratory study using simulated menstrual fluid (SMF) and Always Ultra Normal, Long, and Night "with wings" sanitary towels. Keele Menstrual Disorders Laboratory. None. None. Recovery of blood, linearity, and interassay variation over a range of SMF volumes applied to towels. Because of the variable percentage of blood in menstrual fluid, blood recovery was assessed from SMF constituted as 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% blood. The lower limit of reliable detection and the effect of storing soiled towels for up to 4 weeks at 15°C-20°C, 4°C, and -20°C before analysis were determined. Ninety percent recovery was reproducibly achieved up to 30 mL applied volume at all tested SMF compositions, except at low volume or high dilution equivalent to <2 mL whole blood. Samples could be stored for 3 weeks at all tested temperatures without loss of recovery. The technique was suitable for processing towels individually or in batches. The alkaline hematin technique is a suitable and validated method for measuring menstrual blood loss from Always Ultra sanitary towels that contain superabsorbent polymers. Copyright © 2010 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overlapping clusters for distributed computation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mirrokni, Vahab; Andersen, Reid; Gleich, David F.

2010-11-01

Scalable, distributed algorithms must address communication problems. We investigate overlapping clusters, or vertex partitions that intersect, for graph computations. This setup stores more of the graph than required but then affords the ease of implementation of vertex partitioned algorithms. Our hope is that this technique allows us to reduce communication in a computation on a distributed graph. The motivation above draws on recent work in communication avoiding algorithms. Mohiyuddin et al. (SC09) design a matrix-powers kernel that gives rise to an overlapping partition. Fritzsche et al. (CSC2009) develop an overlapping clustering for a Schwarz method. Both techniques extend an initialmore » partitioning with overlap. Our procedure generates overlap directly. Indeed, Schwarz methods are commonly used to capitalize on overlap. Elsewhere, overlapping communities (Ahn et al, Nature 2009; Mishra et al. WAW2007) are now a popular model of structure in social networks. These have long been studied in statistics (Cole and Wishart, CompJ 1970). We present two types of results: (i) an estimated swapping probability {rho}{infinity}; and (ii) the communication volume of a parallel PageRank solution (link-following {alpha} = 0.85) using an additive Schwarz method. The volume ratio is the amount of extra storage for the overlap (2 means we store the graph twice). Below, as the ratio increases, the swapping probability and PageRank communication volume decreases.« less

Characterization and cooled storage of semen from corn snakes (Elaphe guttata).

PubMed

Fahrig, Brooke M; Mitchell, Mark A; Eilts, Bruce E; Paccamonti, Dale L

2007-03-01

The phylogenetic order Squamata has many representatives that could benefit from the use of semen preservation as a tool for assisting conservation. To date, few studies have been made evaluating the potential for collecting and preserving semen from snakes. The objectives of this study were to characterize semen parameters of the corn snake (Elaphe guttata), including appearance, volume, concentration, sperm motility, and sperm morphology, and to determine the longevity of corn snake sperm motility stored at 4 degrees C. Single semen samples were collected from 22 adult corn snakes. The appearance of the corn snake semen was generally cloudy, and the color was white to tan. Corn snake spermatozoa initially exhibited a median motility of 92.5%. Corn snakes were found to produce small-volume ejaculates (median 0.01 ml). However, the overall concentration of the snake ejaculate was high (chi = 852 x 10(6) +/- 585 x 10(6) spermatozoa/ml). Morphologically, a mean of 75.7 +/- 9.3% of the sperm cells in an ejaculate were normal. Snake ejaculate with a white appearance had significantly higher sperm concentrations (chi = 1,859 x 10(6) +/- 1,008 x 106 sperm cells/ml; F = 15.74, P = 0.001) than tan ejaculates (chi = 601 x 10(6) +/- 439 x 106 sperm cells/ml). Sperm motility decreased significantly in samples that were stored at 4 degrees C for greater than 48 hr in a refrigerator or Equitainer I. This is the first study to characterize semen volume, appearance, and concentration; sperm motility; and sperm morphology in captive corn snakes. The information derived from this study can be used to develop a model for a collection, cooled storage, and shipping program for semen from endangered or threatened captive and wild snakes.

A parallel coordinates style interface for exploratory volume visualization.

PubMed

Tory, Melanie; Potts, Simeon; Möller, Torsten

2005-01-01

We present a user interface, based on parallel coordinates, that facilitates exploration of volume data. By explicitly representing the visualization parameter space, the interface provides an overview of rendering options and enables users to easily explore different parameters. Rendered images are stored in an integrated history bar that facilitates backtracking to previous visualization options. Initial usability testing showed clear agreement between users and experts of various backgrounds (usability, graphic design, volume visualization, and medical physics) that the proposed user interface is a valuable data exploration tool.

Comparison of cryopreservation bags for hematopoietic progenitor cells using a WBC-enriched product.

PubMed

Dijkstra-Tiekstra, Margriet J; Hazelaar, Sandra; Gkoumassi, Effimia; Weggemans, Margienus; de Wildt-Eggen, Janny

2015-04-01

Hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPC) are stored in cryopreservation bags that are resistant to liquid nitrogen. Since Cryocyte bags of Baxter (B-bags) are no longer available, an alternative bag was sought. Also, the influence of freezing volume was studied. Miltenyi Biotec (MB)- and MacoPharma (MP)-bags passed the integrity tests without failure. Comparing MB- and MP-bags with B-bags, no difference in WBC recovery or viability was found when using a WBC-enriched product as a "dummy" HPC product. Further, a freezing volume of 30 mL resulted in better WBC recovery and viability than 60 mL. Additonal studies using real HPC might be necessary. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Space resources. Volume 2: Energy, power, and transport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckay, Mary Fae (Editor); Mckay, David S. (Editor); Duke, Michael B. (Editor)

1992-01-01

This volume of the Space Resources report covers a number of technical and policy issues concerning the energy and power to carry out advanced space missions and the means of transportation to get to the sites of those missions. Discussed in the first half of this volume are the technologies which might be used to provide power and a variety of ways to convert power from one form to another, store it, move it wherever it is needed, and use it. In the second half of this volume, various kinds of transportation, including both interplanetary and surface systems, are discussed.

Army Communicator. Volume 35, Number 4, Winter 2010

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Students and cadre at the Signal Center of Excellence have written and published nearly 30 applications on the Android Market and iTunes Store in just...Android Market or the iTunes Store: http:// www.android.com/market/or www.apple.com/ iTunes . Our aggressive move into application development...family members, this Army would have collapsed like a deck of cards .” I agree. I would also like to thank our Army families for their sacrifice and

OpenClimateGIS - A Web Service Providing Climate Model Data in Commonly Used Geospatial Formats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erickson, T. A.; Koziol, B. W.; Rood, R. B.

2011-12-01

The goal of the OpenClimateGIS project is to make climate model datasets readily available in commonly used, modern geospatial formats used by GIS software, browser-based mapping tools, and virtual globes.The climate modeling community typically stores climate data in multidimensional gridded formats capable of efficiently storing large volumes of data (such as netCDF, grib) while the geospatial community typically uses flexible vector and raster formats that are capable of storing small volumes of data (relative to the multidimensional gridded formats). OpenClimateGIS seeks to address this difference in data formats by clipping climate data to user-specified vector geometries (i.e. areas of interest) and translating the gridded data on-the-fly into multiple vector formats. The OpenClimateGIS system does not store climate data archives locally, but rather works in conjunction with external climate archives that expose climate data via the OPeNDAP protocol. OpenClimateGIS provides a RESTful API web service for accessing climate data resources via HTTP, allowing a wide range of applications to access the climate data.The OpenClimateGIS system has been developed using open source development practices and the source code is publicly available. The project integrates libraries from several other open source projects (including Django, PostGIS, numpy, Shapely, and netcdf4-python).OpenClimateGIS development is supported by a grant from NOAA's Climate Program Office.

Multifunction display system, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The design and construction of a multifunction display man/machine interface for use with a 4 pi IBM-360 System are described. The system is capable of displaying superimposed volatile alphanumeric and graphical data on a 512 x 512 element plasma panel, and holographically stored multicolor archival information. The volatile data may be entered from a keyboard or by means of an I/O interface to the 360 system. A 2-page memory local to the display is provided for storing the entered data. The archival data is stored as a phase hologram on a vinyl tape strip. This data is accessible by means of a rapid transport system which responds to inputs provided by the I/O channel on the keyboard. As many as 500 frames may be stored on a tape strip for access in under 6 seconds.

Memory and the hippocampus in food-storing birds: a comparative approach.

PubMed

Clayton, N S

1998-01-01

Comparative studies provide a unique source of evidence for the role of the hippocampus in learning and memory. Within birds and mammals, the hippocampal volume of scatter-hoarding species that cache food in many different locations is enlarged, relative to the remainder of the telencephalon, when compared with than that of species which cache food in one larder, or do not cache at all. Do food-storing species show enhanced memory function in association with the volumetric enlargement of the hippocampus? Comparative studies within the parids (titmice and chickadees) and corvids (jays, nutcrackers and magpies), two families of birds which show natural variation in food-storing behavior, suggest that there may be two kinds of memory specialization associated with scatter-hoarding. First, in terms of spatial memory, several scatter-hoarding species have a more accurate and enduring spatial memory, and a preference to rely more heavily upon spatial cues, than that of closely related species which store less food, or none at all. Second, some scatter-hoarding parids and corvids are also more resistant to memory interference. While the most critical component about a cache site may be its spatial location, there is mounting evidence that food-storing birds remember additional information about the contents and status of cache sites. What is the underlying neural mechanism by which the hippocampus learns and remembers cache sites? The current mammalian dogma is that the neural mechanisms of learning and memory are achieved primarily by variations in synaptic number and efficacy. Recent work on the concomitant development of food-storing, memory and the avian hippocampus illustrates that the avian hippocampus may swell or shrivel by as much as 30% in response to presence or absence of food-storing experience. Memory for food caches triggers a dramatic increase in the total number of number of neurons within the avian hippocampus by altering the rate at which these cells are born and die.

Resemblance of the properties of superimposed volume holograms to the properties of human memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orlov, V. V.

2006-09-01

According to current concepts in psychology, a collection of patterns stored in human memory has the property of integrity and contains new information not contained in the individual patterns. It is shown that superimposed volume holograms possess similar properties if the information in them is written by a method that excludes the appearance of crosstalk of the holograms.

Mapping Prehistoric, Historic, and Channel Sediment Distribution, South Fork Noyo River: A Tool For Understanding Sources, Storage, and Transport

Treesearch

Rich D. Koehler; Keith I. Kelson; Graham Matthews; K.H. Kang; Andrew D. Barron

2007-01-01

The South Fork Noyo River (SFNR) watershed in coastal northern California contains large volumes of historic sediment that were delivered to channels in response to past logging operations. This sediment presently is stored beneath historic terraces and in present-day channels. We conducted geomorphic mapping on the SFNR valley floor to assess the volume and location...

Characterization of an extemporaneous liquid formulation of lisinopril.

PubMed

Thompson, Karen C; Zhao, Zhongxi; Mazakas, Jessica M; Beasley, Christopher A; Reed, Robert A; Moser, Cheryl L

2003-01-01

The stability of lisinopril in an extemporaneously prepared suspension stored at or below 25 degrees C for 28 days under ambient light exposure was studied. A formulation of 1-mg/mL oral suspension was prepared from commercially available 20-mg lisinopril tablets, using Bicitra and Ora-Sweet SF as the compounding vehicles to make a final volume of 200 mL. Individual samples, stored in 8-oz amber polyethylene terephthalate bottles, were used for each test performed. All samples were stored at 25 degrees C. Appropriateness of the extemporaneous preparation method was performed by shaking three lots of each suspension for 30, 60, and 90 seconds. To test the robustness and reproducibility of the method, two chemists prepared the suspensions from the same three lots of lisinopril tablets. Chemical and physical stability were established by analyzing duplicate samples at time zero and after one, two, four, and six weeks. The solubility of lisinopril was tested from suspensions stored for four weeks. In-use stability was also examined over four weeks. Photochemical stability was examined by exposing three batches of the suspension to maximum light stress in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization. Antimicrobial-effectiveness testing was also conducted with freshly prepared suspensions and suspensions stored for six weeks. The preparation method used was appropriate and effective. Lisinopril is fully dissolved in the suspension matrix. Satisfactory chemical, physical, and microbiological results were obtained after the suspensions were stored for six weeks at 25 degrees C and 35% relative humidity. Lisinopril suspensions extemporaneously prepared from tablets are stable for at least four weeks when stored at or below 25 degrees C under ambient light exposure.

Autologus or allogenic uses of umbilical cord blood whole or RBC transfusion - a review.

PubMed

Chakrabarty, P; Rudra, S

2013-01-01

Once Umbilical Cord with Placenta considered a biological waste product and generally discarded after delivery but now cord blood has emerged as a viable source of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. High-risk premature infants require red cell transfusions for anemia. A unique property of cord blood (CB) for its high content of immature hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). Placental blood for autologous transfusions can be collected with aseptic precaution/sterilely into citrate-phosphate-dextrose and stored at 4°C. During storage for 8 days, the placental red cell content of adenosine triphosphate remained normal. The 2,3,-diphosphoglycerate concentration of cells stored beyond 8 days declined sharply. So we have to store umbilical cord blood (UCB) within 7 days for its best result. During storage, placental blood underwent an exchange of extra-cellular Na+ and K+, but no change in glutathione content. Hemolysis was less than 1 percent. Bacteriologic and fungal cultures remained sterile. These suggest that human placental blood can be collected safely and preserved effectively for autologous/allogenic transfusion therapy. In neonatal transfusion practice, efforts have been made to provide premature infants with autologous red blood cell (RBC), especially those born before 32 gestational weeks. In India no adverse transfusion effects were seen in a wide variety of patients that received (pooled) allogeneic fresh whole blood / UCB transfusions. The use of UCB for small volume allogeneic transfusions in anaemic children in Africa or in malaria endemic areas has also been proposed. A preclinical study showed that donation and transfusion of UCB would be acceptable to women living in Mombasa, Kenya. In view of the small volumes RBC per unit that can be collected, it is most likely that anaemic children need of a small volume of transfusions. In resource-restricted countries would benefit most from this easily available transfusion product.

Chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared Lorazepam suspension at two temperatures.

PubMed

Lee, Wan-Man Ellaria; Lugo, Ralph A; Rusho, William J; Mackay, Mark; Sweeley, John

2004-10-01

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical stability of extemporaneously prepared lorazepam suspension (1 mg/mL) stored at two temperatures (4°C and 22°C) for 3 months. Lorazepam tablets marketed by two manufacturers (Mylan Pharmaceuticals and Watson Laboratories) were used to extemporaneously formulate two independently prepared suspensions. Each suspension was prepared using sterile water, Ora-Plus(®) and Ora-Sweet(®) to achieve a final concentration of 1 mg/mL. The two brands of tablets required different volumes of vehicles to prepare a pharmaceutically optimal suspension. The suspensions were stored in amber glass bottles at 4°C and 22°C for 91 days. Samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography at baseline and on days 2, 3, 7, 14, 21, 28, 42, 63, and 91. The suspensions were considered stable if the mean lorazepam concentration remained greater than 90% of the initial concentration.The chemical stabilities of these two extemporaneously prepared lorazepam suspensions were comparable throughout the study. Both lorazepam suspensions were stable for 63 days when stored at 4°C or 22°C, and both were stable for 91 days when refrigerated at 4°C. When stored at room temperature, the suspension prepared from the Watson tablet retained 88.9 ± 1.4% of the initial concentration on day 91 and was therefore considered unstable, while the suspension prepared from the Mylan tablet was stable for the entire 91-day study.

Flight test of an improved solid waste collection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thornton, W.; Brasseaux, H.; Whitmore, H.

1991-01-01

A system for human waste collection is described and evaluated on the basis of a prototype employed for the shuttle flight STS-35. The manually operated version of the unit is designed to collect, compact, and store human waste and cleaning material in replaceable volumes. The system is presented with illustrations and descriptions of the disposable pads that are used to clean the cylinder and occlusive air valves as well as seal the unit. Temporary retention and waste entrainment are provided by the variable airflow in the manual unit tested. The prototype testing indicates that sufficient airflow is achieved at 45 CFM and that the stowage volume (18.7 cu in.) is adequate for storing human waste with minimal logistical support. Higher compaction pressure and the use of a directed airstream are proposed for improving the packing efficiency of the unit.

Gigaflop (billion floating point operations per second) performance for computational electromagnetics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shankar, V.; Rowell, C.; Hall, W. F.; Mohammadian, A. H.; Schuh, M.; Taylor, K.

1992-01-01

Accurate and rapid evaluation of radar signature for alternative aircraft/store configurations would be of substantial benefit in the evolution of integrated designs that meet radar cross-section (RCS) requirements across the threat spectrum. Finite-volume time domain methods offer the possibility of modeling the whole aircraft, including penetrable regions and stores, at longer wavelengths on today's gigaflop supercomputers and at typical airborne radar wavelengths on the teraflop computers of tomorrow. A structured-grid finite-volume time domain computational fluid dynamics (CFD)-based RCS code has been developed at the Rockwell Science Center, and this code incorporates modeling techniques for general radar absorbing materials and structures. Using this work as a base, the goal of the CFD-based CEM effort is to define, implement and evaluate various code development issues suitable for rapid prototype signature prediction.

Increased muscular volume and cuticular specialisations enhance jump velocity in solitarious compared with gregarious desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria.

PubMed

Rogers, Stephen M; Riley, Joanna; Brighton, Caroline; Sutton, Gregory P; Cullen, Darron A; Burrows, Malcolm

2016-03-01

The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows a strong phenotypic plasticity. It can develop, depending upon population density, into either a solitarious or gregarious phase that differs in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology. Prominent amongst these differences is that solitarious locusts have proportionately longer hind femora than gregarious locusts. The hind femora contain the muscles and energy-storing cuticular structures that propel powerful jumps using a catapult-like mechanism. We show that solitarious locusts jump on average 23% faster and 27% further than gregarious locusts, and attribute this improved performance to three sources: first, a 17.5% increase in the relative volume of their hind femur, and hence muscle volume; second, a 24.3% decrease in the stiffness of the energy-storing semi-lunar processes of the distal femur; and third, a 4.5% decrease in the stiffness of the tendon of the extensor tibiae muscle. These differences mean that solitarious locusts can generate more power and store more energy in preparation for a jump than can gregarious locusts. This improved performance comes at a cost: solitarious locusts expend nearly twice the energy of gregarious locusts during a single jump and the muscular co-contraction that energises the cuticular springs takes twice as long. There is thus a trade-off between achieving maximum jump velocity in the solitarious phase against the ability to engage jumping rapidly and repeatedly in the gregarious phase. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Process and equipment development for hot isostatic pressing treatability study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bateman, Ken; Wahlquist, Dennis; Malewitz, Tim

2015-03-01

Battelle Energy Alliance (BEA), LLC, has developed processes and equipment for a pilot-scale hot isostatic pressing (HIP) treatability study to stabilize and volume reduce radioactive calcine stored at Idaho National Laboratory (INL). In 2009, the U. S. Department of Energy signed a Record of Decision with the state of Idaho selecting HIP technology as the method to treat 5,800 yd^3 (4,400 m^3) of granular zirconia and alumina calcine produced between 1953 and 1992 as a waste byproduct of spent nuclear fuel reprocessing. Since the 1990s, a variety of radioactive and hazardous waste forms have been remotely treated using HIP withinmore » INL hot cells. To execute the remote process at INL, waste is loaded into a stainless-steel or aluminum can, which is evacuated, sealed, and placed into a HIP furnace. The HIP simultaneously heats and pressurizes the waste, reducing its volume and increasing its durability. Two 1 gal cans of calcine waste currently stored in a shielded cask were identified as candidate materials for a treatability study involving the HIP process. Equipment and materials for cask-handling and calcine transfer into INL hot cells, as well as remotely operated equipment for waste can opening, particle sizing, material blending, and HIP can loading have been designed and successfully tested. These results demonstrate BEA’s readiness for treatment of INL calcine.« less

Latex Micro-balloon Pumping in Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms

PubMed Central

Aeinehvand, Mohammad Mahdi; Ibrahim, Fatimah; Al-Faqheri, Wisam; Thio, Tzer Hwai Gilbert; Kazemzadeh, Amin; Wadi harun, Sulaiman; Madou, Marc

2014-01-01

Centrifugal microfluidic platforms have emerged as point-of-care diagnostic tools. However, the unidirectional nature of the centrifugal force limits the available space for multi-stepped processes on a single microfluidics disc. To overcome this limitation, a passive pneumatic pumping method actuated at high rotational speeds has been previously proposed to pump liquid against the centrifugal force. In this paper, a novel micro-balloon pumping method that relies on elastic energy stored in a latex membrane is introduced. It operates at low rotational speeds and pumps a larger volume of liquid towards the centre of the disc. Two different micro-balloon pumping designs have been developed to study the pump performance and capacity at a range of rotational frequencies from 0 to 1500 rpm. The behaviour of the micro-balloon pump on the centrifugal microfluidic platforms has been theoretically analysed and compared with the experimental data. The experimental data shows that, the developed pumping method dramatically decreases the required rotational speed to pump liquid compared to the previously developed pneumatic pumping methods. It also shows that within a range of rotational speed, desirable volume of liquid can be stored and pumped by adjusting the size of the micro-balloon. PMID:24441792

Carbon Materials Embedded with Metal Nanoparticles as Anode in Lithium-Ion Batteries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hung, Ching-cheh

2002-01-01

Carbon materials containing metal nanoparticles that can form an alloy with lithium were tested for their capacity and cycle life to store and release lithium electrochemically. Metal nanoparticles may provide the additional lithium storage capacity as well as additional channels to conduct lithium in carbon. The cycle life of this carbon-metal composite can be long because the solid-electrolyte interface (SEI) on the carbon surface may protect both lithium and the metal particles in the carbon interior. In addition, the voids in the carbon interior may accommodate the nanoparticle's volume change, and such volume change may not cause much internal stress due to small sizes of the nanoparticles. This concept of improving carbon's performance to store and release lithium was demonstrated using experimental cells of C(Pd)/0.5M Lil-50/50 (vol.%) EC and DMC/Li, where C(Pd) was graphitized carbon fibers containing palladium nanoparticles, EC was ethylene carbonate, and DMC was dimethyl carbonate. However, such improvement was not observed if the Pd nanoparticles are replaced by aluminum, possibly because the aluminum nanoparticles were oxidized in air during storage, resulting in an inert oxide of aluminum. Further studies are needed to use this concept for practical applications.

Correlates of in-store promotions for beer: differential effects of market and product characteristics.

PubMed

Bray, Jeremy W; Loomis, Brett; Engelen, Mark

2007-03-01

We estimated the strength and direction of the association between product characteristics (beer type, package size, and brand name) and market-area socioeconomic characteristics, and promoted sales of beer in grocery stores. Supermarket scanner data from 64 market areas across the United States over 5 years were used to estimate regression models of the share of beer sales that are promoted, controlling for beer price, packaging, and type; and for market-level age, race/ethnicity, income, unemployment rate, and percentage of the population living in an alcohol control state. Large-volume units, such as 144-oz and 288-oz packages, are more likely to be promoted than smaller package sizes. Malt-liquor beverages are less likely to be promoted than non-malt-liquor beverages. Age, race/ethnicity, income, and geographic location of the market area are not significantly related to promoted beer sales. Marketing research has shown that in-store merchandising and promotions can substantially increase beer sales and that purchasing large package sizes may increase total consumption. Our results suggest that high levels of promoted sales for large-volume beer packages may result in increased beer consumption.

Roles of air stored in burrows of the mudskipper Boleophthalmus pectinirostris for adult respiration and embryonic development.

PubMed

Toba, A; Ishimatsu, A

2014-03-01

Air was stored in 90% of Boleophthalmus pectinirostris burrows in summer breeding months when fish were active on the mudflat surface during low tide but only in 50% of burrows in overwintering months when the fish confined themselves to burrows. The volume of gas recovered from the burrows ranged from 30 to > 400 ml. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO₂) of the gas varied from 5 to 20 kPa and was inversely related to the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO₂) in all but the wintering periods. Sampling in July demonstrated that gas was stored in both male and female burrows with no difference in volume, PO₂ or PCO₂ between them. Adult fish were able to survive total submersion in hypoxic (PO₂ = 1.96 kPa) water for 8 h, but no embryos survived to hatch in the hypoxic aquatic environment. Thus, the deposited air appears to be a crucial source of oxygen for the embryos developing in the egg chamber of the burrow, but may play only a subsidiary role for adult respiration during presumed high-tide confinement. © 2014 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Electric Drive Study. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-21

CONDITIONER HIGH VOLTAGE DC ICONDITIONER 3 ,300-50 VOLT5), dCONTROL! Figure 5-4. Typical AC Drive System 20 system usable with an induction motor. The...controlling component in an AC drive is the motor power conditioner . This component changes the high voltage DC power to controlled AC power of...selected voltage and frequency which is applied to the drive motors. Since the vehicle gains stored energy as it is accelerated, the motor power conditioner

Information Facilities. First Year Report on Contract NIRT 1, Assistance in Telecommunications Planning. Volume 4, Communication Satellite Planning Center, Technical Report No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lusignan, Bruce B.

In response to a request by the National Iranian Radio and Television (NIRT), a study was conducted to see what types of film and video archives presently exist. Archives can be classified into three types: (1) production archives used as resources in the making of other films and tapes, (2) film studio archives used to store prints for future…

Estimating the volume of glaciers in the Himalayan-Karakoram region using different methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frey, H.; Machguth, H.; Huss, M.; Huggel, C.; Bajracharya, S.; Bolch, T.; Kulkarni, A.; Linsbauer, A.; Salzmann, N.; Stoffel, M.

2014-12-01

Ice volume estimates are crucial for assessing water reserves stored in glaciers. Due to its large glacier coverage, such estimates are of particular interest for the Himalayan-Karakoram (HK) region. In this study, different existing methodologies are used to estimate the ice reserves: three area-volume relations, one slope-dependent volume estimation method, and two ice-thickness distribution models are applied to a recent, detailed, and complete glacier inventory of the HK region, spanning over the period 2000-2010 and revealing an ice coverage of 40 775 km2. An uncertainty and sensitivity assessment is performed to investigate the influence of the observed glacier area and important model parameters on the resulting total ice volume. Results of the two ice-thickness distribution models are validated with local ice-thickness measurements at six glaciers. The resulting ice volumes for the entire HK region range from 2955 to 4737 km3, depending on the approach. This range is lower than most previous estimates. Results from the ice thickness distribution models and the slope-dependent thickness estimations agree well with measured local ice thicknesses. However, total volume estimates from area-related relations are larger than those from other approaches. The study provides evidence on the significant effect of the selected method on results and underlines the importance of a careful and critical evaluation.

Analysis of GPS-measured deformation associated with the 2004-2006 dome-building eruption of Mount St. Helens, Washington: Chapter 15 in A volcano rekindled: the renewed eruption of Mount St. Helens, 2004-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lisowski, Michael; Dzurisin, Daniel; Denlinger, Roger P.; Iwatsubo, Eugene Y.; Sherrod, David R.; Scott, William E.; Stauffer, Peter H.

2008-01-01

. The discrepancy between the estimated cavity-volume loss and the >83×106-m3 volume of the erupted dome can be explained, for the most part, by exsolution of gas in the stored magma and by minor input of new magma during the eruption.

Storage and residence time of suspended sediment in gravel bars of Difficult Run, VA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

George, J.; Benthem, A.; Pizzuto, J. E.; Skalak, K.

2016-12-01

Reducing the export of suspended sediment is an important consideration for restoring water quality to the Chesapeake Bay, but sediment budgets for in-channel landforms are poorly constrained. We quantified fine (< 2 mm) sediment storage and residence times for gravel bars at two reaches along Difficult Run, a 5th order tributary to the Potomac River. Eight gravel bars were mapped in a 150m headwater reach at Miller Heights (bankfull width 11m; total bar volume 114 m3) and 6 gravel bars were mapped in a 160m reach downstream near Leesburg Pike (bankfull width 19m; total bar volume 210 m3). Grain size analyses of surface and subsurface samples from 2 bars at each reach indicate an average suspended sediment content of 55%, suggesting a total volume of suspended sediment stored in the mapped bars to be 178 m3, or 283000 kg, comprising 5% of the average annual suspended sediment load of the two study reaches. Estimates of the annual bedload flux at Miller Heights based on stream gaging records and the Wilcock-Crowe bedload transport equation imply that the bars are entirely reworked at least annually. Scour chains installed in 2 bars at each site (a total of 50 chains) recorded scour and fill events during the winter and spring of 2016. These data indicate that 38% of the total volume of the bars is exchanged per year, for a residence time of 2.6 ± 1.2 years, a value we interpret as the residence time of suspended sediment stored in the bars. These results are supported by mapping of topographic changes derived from structure-from-motion analyses of digital aerial imagery. Storage in alluvial bars therefore represents a significant component of the suspended sediment budget of mid-Atlantic streams.

Comparison of stored red blood cell washing techniques for priming extracorporeal circuits.

PubMed

Sasaki, Jun; Tirotta, Christopher; Lim, Hyunsoo; Kubes, Kathleen; Salvaggio, Jane; Hannan, Robert; Burke, Redmond; Ojito, Jorge

2018-03-01

The aim of this study was to compare three different blood washing techniques and describe the differences for the composition of the washed red blood cells (RBC). Stored RBCs less than 5 days old were washed using three different techniques. 1) Washing with normal saline with the COBE Model 2991 blood processor in the blood bank (BB-S). 2) Washing with normal saline with the Continuous AutoTransfusion System (C.A.T.S) in the operating room (OR-S). 3) Washing with Plasma-Lyte with the C.A.T.S in the operating room (OR-PL). Then, we compared the values for hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct), blood volume, RBC volume, lactate, glucose, sodium and potassium of the three different groups. Forty-five units of RBCs were washed and analyzed (15 for each technique). The OR-S RBCs, when compared to the BB-S RBCs, had lower hemoglobin (g/dL) (22.8 vs 24.1, p=0.006), lower hematocrit (%) (67 vs 71, p=0.006), higher RBC volume (ml) (161 vs 130, p<0.001), higher glucose (mg/dL) (185 vs 46, p<0.001) and lower sodium (mmol/L) (153 vs 158, p<0.001). When compared to the OR-S RBCs, the OR-PL RBCs showed higher potassium (mmol/L) (5.3 vs 2, p<0.001) and lower sodium (mmol/L) (129 vs 153, p<0.001). RBCs washed with an autotransfusion device had a higher RBC volume and more physiological levels of glucose and sodium when compared with the blood processor in the blood bank. It can be an alternative option to use RBCs washed with an autotransfusion device for priming the extracorporeal circuits utilized in patients undergoing cardiac surgery.

Spatial separation of two different pathways accounting for the generation of calcium signals in astrocytes.

PubMed

Oschmann, Franziska; Mergenthaler, Konstantin; Jungnickel, Evelyn; Obermayer, Klaus

2017-02-01

Astrocytes integrate and process synaptic information and exhibit calcium (Ca2+) signals in response to incoming information from neighboring synapses. The generation of Ca2+ signals is mostly attributed to Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores evoked by an elevated metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) activity. Different experimental results associated the generation of Ca2+ signals to the activity of the glutamate transporter (GluT). The GluT itself does not influence the intracellular Ca2+ concentration, but it indirectly activates Ca2+ entry over the membrane. A closer look into Ca2+ signaling in different astrocytic compartments revealed a spatial separation of those two pathways. Ca2+ signals in the soma are mainly generated by Ca2+ release from internal Ca2+ stores (mGluR-dependent pathway). In astrocytic compartments close to the synapse most Ca2+ signals are evoked by Ca2+ entry over the plasma membrane (GluT-dependent pathway). This assumption is supported by the finding, that the volume ratio between the internal Ca2+ store and the intracellular space decreases from the soma towards the synapse. We extended a model for mGluR-dependent Ca2+ signals in astrocytes with the GluT-dependent pathway. Additionally, we included the volume ratio between the internal Ca2+ store and the intracellular compartment into the model in order to analyze Ca2+ signals either in the soma or close to the synapse. Our model results confirm the spatial separation of the mGluR- and GluT-dependent pathways along the astrocytic process. The model allows to study the binary Ca2+ response during a block of either of both pathways. Moreover, the model contributes to a better understanding of the impact of channel densities on the interaction of both pathways and on the Ca2+ signal.

Fluid-structure interactions in compressible cavity flows

DOE PAGES

Wagner, Justin L.; Casper, Katya Marie; Beresh, Steven J.; ...

2015-06-08

Experiments were performed to understand the complex fluid-structure interactions that occur during aircraft internal store carriage. A cylindrical store was installed in a rectangular cavity having a length-to-depth ratio of 3.33 and a length-to-width ratio of 1. The Mach number ranged from 0.6 to 2.5 and the incoming boundary layer was turbulent. Fast-response pressure measurements provided aeroacoustic loading in the cavity, while triaxial accelerometers provided simultaneous store response. Despite occupying only 6% of the cavity volume, the store significantly altered the cavity acoustics. The store responded to the cavity flow at its natural structural frequencies, and it exhibited a directionallymore » dependent response to cavity resonance. Specifically, cavity tones excited the store in the streamwise and wall-normal directions consistently, whereas a spanwise response was observed only occasionally. Also, the streamwise and wall-normal responses were attributed to the longitudinal pressure waves and shear layer vortices known to occur during cavity resonance. Although the spanwise response to cavity tones was limited, broadband pressure fluctuations resulted in significant spanwise accelerations at store natural frequencies. As a result, the largest vibrations occurred when a cavity tone matched a structural natural frequency, although energy was transferred more efficiently to natural frequencies having predominantly streamwise and wall-normal motions.« less

Respiratory effects of work in retail food stores. III. Pulmonary function findings.

PubMed

Wegman, D H; Eisen, E A; Smith, T J; Greaves, I A; Fine, L J

1987-06-01

Findings are reported from a prospective morbidity study which examined the effects on pulmonary function associated with the particulate and gaseous air contaminants to which retail food store workers are exposed. A total of 685 supermarket employees (including meat wrappers, meat cutters and store clerks) performed standard ventilatory function tests [forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1.0) and forced vital capacity (FVC)] during a base-line survey. Those available four years later (305) were resurveyed in a similar manner. A suggestive chronic effect on pulmonary function was shown in those with high cumulative exposures and allergic history. Among those workers who had continuous exposure to air contaminants in settings with "hot-wire" plastic wrap film cutters the annual rates of change in FEV1.0 and FVC were twice as great as the changes found among comparable workers who were not exposed to fumes from wrapping film. Those who switched from the "hot-wire" to the "cool-rod" cutters during the course of the follow-up had intermediate rates of change in lung function.

Quality and sensory characteristics of hard red wheat after residential storage for up to 32 y.

PubMed

Rose, Devin J; Ogden, Lynn V; Dunn, Michael L; Jamison, Rachel G; Lloyd, Michelle A; Pike, Oscar A

2011-01-01

Samples of hard red wheat packaged for long-term storage, ranging in age from 0 to 32 y, were obtained from donors in residential households. All samples had been stored under nonabusive conditions (7% to 10% moisture, 13 to 27 °C). Selected quality parameters of the wheat (moisture, thiamin, free fatty acids, flour extraction rate, bread loaf volume, and bread firmness) and sensory properties of bread made from the stored wheat (aroma, appearance, texture, flavor, overall liking, acceptance for use as part of the regular diet, and acceptance for use in emergency situations) were evaluated. Free fatty acids increased significantly from 0.897 to 11.8 μmol/g, and flour extraction rate decreased significantly from 76.5% to 69.9% over time. None of the other quality parameters measured (moisture, thiamin, bread loaf volume, and bread firmness) were significantly correlated with wheat storage time. Panelists who frequently or occasionally consume whole wheat bread rated all breads made from the stored wheat with hedonic scores (9-point scale) of at least 6.4 (like slightly to moderately). Consumer ratings of bread texture, flavor, and overall acceptability were negatively correlated with storage time (P < 0.001); however, at least 70% of panelists indicated that they would consume the bread as part of their regular diet even after 32 y of wheat storage, while over 97% would do so in an emergency. These data indicate that wheat maintains nutritional quality and makes acceptable bread when stored up to 32 y at 13 to 27 °C and 7% to 10% moisture. Practical Application: Wheat stored for the purposes of disaster relief has the potential of being stored for extremely long periods of time, which may result in undesirable changes in milling and baking quality. Therefore, we tested wheat that had been stored under residential conditions for up to 32 y to determine its functional quality and consumer acceptability. Our results indicate that wheat of low moisture (7% to 10%) packaged in sealed cans and stored for up to 32 y at or below typical room temperature retains quality and can be made into bread that is well accepted by consumers. Thus, whole wheat has good long-term storage stability and can be recommended for emergency food supplies.

A Medical Image Backup Architecture Based on a NoSQL Database and Cloud Computing Services.

PubMed

Santos Simões de Almeida, Luan Henrique; Costa Oliveira, Marcelo

2015-01-01

The use of digital systems for storing medical images generates a huge volume of data. Digital images are commonly stored and managed on a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS), under the DICOM standard. However, PACS is limited because it is strongly dependent on the server's physical space. Alternatively, Cloud Computing arises as an extensive, low cost, and reconfigurable resource. However, medical images contain patient information that can not be made available in a public cloud. Therefore, a mechanism to anonymize these images is needed. This poster presents a solution for this issue by taking digital images from PACS, converting the information contained in each image file to a NoSQL database, and using cloud computing to store digital images.

Identifying Financially Sustainable Pricing Interventions to Promote Healthier Beverage Purchases in Small Neighborhood Stores

PubMed Central

Kumanyika, Shiriki; Gittelsohn, Joel; Adam, Atif; Wong, Michelle S.; Mui, Yeeli; Lee, Bruce Y.

2018-01-01

Introduction Residents of low-income communities often purchase sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) at small, neighborhood “corner” stores. Lowering water prices and increasing SSB prices are potentially complementary public health strategies to promote more healthful beverage purchasing patterns in these stores. Sustainability, however, depends on financial feasibility. Because in-store pricing experiments are complex and require retailers to take business risks, we used a simulation approach to identify profitable pricing combinations for corner stores. Methods The analytic approach was based on inventory models, which are suitable for modeling business operations. We used discrete-event simulation to build inventory models that use data representing beverage inventory, wholesale costs, changes in retail prices, and consumer demand for 2 corner stores in Baltimore, Maryland. Model outputs yielded ranges for water and SSB prices that increased water demand without loss of profit from combined water and SSB sales. Results A 20% SSB price increase allowed lowering water prices by up to 20% while maintaining profit and increased water demand by 9% and 14%, for stores selling SSBs in 12-oz cans and 16- to 20-oz bottles, respectively. Without changing water prices, profits could increase by 4% and 6%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that stores with a higher volume of SSB sales could reduce water prices the most without loss of profit. Conclusion Various combinations of SSB and water prices could encourage water consumption while maintaining or increasing store owners’ profits. This model is a first step in designing and implementing profitable pricing strategies in collaboration with store owners. PMID:29369758

Identifying Financially Sustainable Pricing Interventions to Promote Healthier Beverage Purchases in Small Neighborhood Stores.

PubMed

Nau, Claudia; Kumanyika, Shiriki; Gittelsohn, Joel; Adam, Atif; Wong, Michelle S; Mui, Yeeli; Lee, Bruce Y

2018-01-25

Residents of low-income communities often purchase sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) at small, neighborhood "corner" stores. Lowering water prices and increasing SSB prices are potentially complementary public health strategies to promote more healthful beverage purchasing patterns in these stores. Sustainability, however, depends on financial feasibility. Because in-store pricing experiments are complex and require retailers to take business risks, we used a simulation approach to identify profitable pricing combinations for corner stores. The analytic approach was based on inventory models, which are suitable for modeling business operations. We used discrete-event simulation to build inventory models that use data representing beverage inventory, wholesale costs, changes in retail prices, and consumer demand for 2 corner stores in Baltimore, Maryland. Model outputs yielded ranges for water and SSB prices that increased water demand without loss of profit from combined water and SSB sales. A 20% SSB price increase allowed lowering water prices by up to 20% while maintaining profit and increased water demand by 9% and 14%, for stores selling SSBs in 12-oz cans and 16- to 20-oz bottles, respectively. Without changing water prices, profits could increase by 4% and 6%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis showed that stores with a higher volume of SSB sales could reduce water prices the most without loss of profit. Various combinations of SSB and water prices could encourage water consumption while maintaining or increasing store owners' profits. This model is a first step in designing and implementing profitable pricing strategies in collaboration with store owners.

[Iron nutritional status in pregnant adolescents at the beginning of gestation].

PubMed

Hertrampf, E; Olivares, M; Letelier, A; Castillo, C

1994-12-01

The frequency of anemia and iron nutrition deficiency was assessed in 342 low socioeconomic level pregnant teenagers at entry to prenatal care in 5 outpatient clinics from a South Orient area of Santiago Chile. According to the Center for Disease Control Criteria, 1.2% of women had iron deficiency anemia. Iron stores were insufficient (defined as a serum ferritin lower than 20 g/L) in 55% for women and depleted (serum ferritin lower than 10 g/L) in 21%. Women with more than 14 weeks of gestation had lower packed red cell volumes, hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volumes and ferritin levels than women with less than 14 of gestation. It is concluded that the prevalence of iron deficiency anemia is lower than that predicted for a highly vulnerable group but the high frequency of low iron stores should encourage the use of iron supplementation in these teenagers.

Simultaneous Determination of Fluid Shifts during Thermal Stress in a Small Animal Model,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

extracellular fluid voitmie (BCF) was measured using a single injection c- inulin , technique, and plasma voilme (PV) was determined by ca.rdio--yreen dye...using tritiated water, extracell1ular fluid volume (ECF) was measured using a single injection C- inulin technique, and plasma volume (PV) was...space. However, inulin (10) has several advantages over the aforementioned because it Is not metabolized, stored, or incorporated by cells or

On equations of motion of a nonlinear hydroelastic structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plotnikov, P. I.; Kuznetsov, I. V.

2008-07-01

Formal derivation of equations of a nonlinear hydroelastic structure, which is a volume of an ideal incompressible fluid covered by a shell, is proposed. The study is based on two assumptions. The first assumption implies that the energy stored in the shell is completely determined by the mean curvature and by the elementary area. In a three-dimensional case, the energy stored in the shell is chosen in the form of the Willmore functional. In a two-dimensional case, a more generic form of the functional can be considered. The second assumption implies that the equations of motionhave a Hamiltonian structure and can be obtained from the Lagrangian variational principle. In a two-dimensional case, a condition for the hydroelastic structure is derived, which relates the external pressure and the curvature of the elastic shell.

Sustainability of rainwater catchment systems for small island communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bailey, Ryan T.; Beikmann, Alise; Kottermair, Maria; Taboroši, Danko; Jenson, John W.

2018-02-01

Communities living on atolls and similar low-lying islands in the tropical Pacific rely on rainwater and shallow groundwater to meet domestic water needs. Rainwater, generally captured and stored using rooftop rainwater catchment systems, is the preferred water source due to higher quality and convenience of access. This study assesses the performance of rainwater catchment systems (RWCS) on Ifalik Atoll, located in Yap State, Federated States of Micronesia in the western Pacific. A field survey was conducted in August 2015 to evaluate RWCS features (guttered roof area, storage tank size, gutter leakage conditions), determine numbers of users, and estimate daily water use via household surveys. All 152 RWCS were surveyed. Water balance modeling was applied to the RWCS to estimate end-of-day stored rainwater volumes for each day of the 1997-1999 time period, during which an El Niño-induced drought occurred. Results indicate that the community is resilient to drought, although the majority of RWCS were depleted of rainwater and hence community sharing was required. Scenario testing indicates that increasing guttered roof area is the optimal strategy for enhancing system reliability. For example, the volume of water maintained at the peak of a drought can be tripled if the available roof areas for the RWCS are guttered. Design curves, which provide a set of roof area - tank volume combinations that achieve specified levels of reliability, were created and can be used to plan new RWCS. Besides offering insights into community-wide water storage and usage patterns and resiliency for Ifalik Atoll, this study presents methods that can be applied to other atoll island communities throughout the Indo-Pacific region.

Wetlands Evaluation Technique (WET). Volume 1: Literature Review and Evaluation Rationale.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

low potential evapotranspiration, and having basin morphologies con- ducive to storing large amounts of water, probably have some capacity for aug...menting low flows. For example, in a study of 38 Minnesota drainage basins , Ackroyd et al. (1967/MN:R) concluded that lakes and wetlands, in general...layer that is less permeable to ground water exchange. This may even isolate or seal a basin from the ground water. However, Born et al. (1979/ WI:L

Enteric pathogens in stored drinking water and on caregiver's hands in Tanzanian households with and without reported cases of child diarrhea.

PubMed

Mattioli, Mia Catharine; Boehm, Alexandria B; Davis, Jennifer; Harris, Angela R; Mrisho, Mwifadhi; Pickering, Amy J

2014-01-01

Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality in young children. Diarrheal pathogens are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and for children the majority of this transmission is thought to occur within the home. However, very few studies have documented enteric pathogens within households of low-income countries. The presence of molecular markers for three enteric viruses (enterovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus), seven Escherichia coli virulence genes (ECVG), and human-specific Bacteroidales was assessed in hand rinses and household stored drinking water in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Using a matched case-control study design, we examined the relationship between contamination of hands and water with these markers and child diarrhea. We found that the presence of ECVG in household stored water was associated with a significant decrease in the odds of a child within the home having diarrhea (OR = 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.27-0.93). We also evaluated water management and hygiene behaviors. Recent hand contact with water or food was positively associated with detection of enteric pathogen markers on hands, as was relatively lower volumes of water reportedly used for daily hand washing. Enteropathogen markers in stored drinking water were more likely found among households in which the markers were also detected on hands, as well as in households with unimproved water supply and sanitation infrastructure. The prevalence of enteric pathogen genes and the human-specific Bacteroidales fecal marker in stored water and on hands suggests extensive environmental contamination within homes both with and without reported child diarrhea. Better stored water quality among households with diarrhea indicates caregivers with sick children may be more likely to ensure safe drinking water in the home. Interventions to increase the quantity of water available for hand washing, and to improve food hygiene, may reduce exposure to enteric pathogens in the domestic environment.

Enteric Pathogens in Stored Drinking Water and on Caregiver’s Hands in Tanzanian Households with and without Reported Cases of Child Diarrhea

PubMed Central

Mattioli, Mia Catharine; Boehm, Alexandria B.; Davis, Jennifer; Harris, Angela R.; Mrisho, Mwifadhi; Pickering, Amy J.

2014-01-01

Background Diarrhea is one of the leading causes of mortality in young children. Diarrheal pathogens are transmitted via the fecal-oral route, and for children the majority of this transmission is thought to occur within the home. However, very few studies have documented enteric pathogens within households of low-income countries. Methods and Findings The presence of molecular markers for three enteric viruses (enterovirus, adenovirus, and rotavirus), seven Escherichia coli virulence genes (ECVG), and human-specific Bacteroidales was assessed in hand rinses and household stored drinking water in Bagamoyo, Tanzania. Using a matched case-control study design, we examined the relationship between contamination of hands and water with these markers and child diarrhea. We found that the presence of ECVG in household stored water was associated with a significant decrease in the odds of a child within the home having diarrhea (OR = 0.51; 95% confidence interval 0.27–0.93). We also evaluated water management and hygiene behaviors. Recent hand contact with water or food was positively associated with detection of enteric pathogen markers on hands, as was relatively lower volumes of water reportedly used for daily hand washing. Enteropathogen markers in stored drinking water were more likely found among households in which the markers were also detected on hands, as well as in households with unimproved water supply and sanitation infrastructure. Conclusions The prevalence of enteric pathogen genes and the human-specific Bacteroidales fecal marker in stored water and on hands suggests extensive environmental contamination within homes both with and without reported child diarrhea. Better stored water quality among households with diarrhea indicates caregivers with sick children may be more likely to ensure safe drinking water in the home. Interventions to increase the quantity of water available for hand washing, and to improve food hygiene, may reduce exposure to enteric pathogens in the domestic environment. PMID:24392161

Datalingvistik, 2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kjaersgaard, Poul Soren, Ed.

2002-01-01

Papers from the conference in this volume include the following: "Towards Corpus Annotation Standards--The MATE Workbench" (Laila Dybkjaer and Niels Ole Bernsen); "Danish Text-to-Speech Synthesis Based on Stored Acoustic Segments" (Charles Hoequist); "Toward a Method for the Automated Design of Semantic…

Tailoring Green Infrastructure Implementation Scenarios based on Stormwater Management Objectives

EPA Science Inventory

Green infrastructure (GI) refers to stormwater management practices that mimic nature by soaking up, storing, and controlling onsite. GI practices can contribute reckonable benefits towards meeting stormwater management objectives, such as runoff peak shaving, volume reduction, f...

Evaluation of smart video for transit event detection : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-06-01

Transit agencies are increasingly using video cameras to fight crime and terrorism. As the volume of video data increases, the existing digital video surveillance systems provide the infrastructure only to capture, store and distribute video, while l...

Review of Random Phase Encoding in Volume Holographic Storage

PubMed Central

Su, Wei-Chia; Sun, Ching-Cherng

2012-01-01

Random phase encoding is a unique technique for volume hologram which can be applied to various applications such as holographic multiplexing storage, image encryption, and optical sensing. In this review article, we first review and discuss diffraction selectivity of random phase encoding in volume holograms, which is the most important parameter related to multiplexing capacity of volume holographic storage. We then review an image encryption system based on random phase encoding. The alignment of phase key for decryption of the encoded image stored in holographic memory is analyzed and discussed. In the latter part of the review, an all-optical sensing system implemented by random phase encoding and holographic interconnection is presented.

Saving all the bits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Denning, Peter J.

1990-01-01

The scientific tradition of saving all the data from experiments for independent validation and for further investigation is under profound challenge by modern satellite data collectors and by supercomputers. The volume of data is beyond the capacity to store, transmit, and comprehend the data. A promising line of study is discovery machines that study the data at the collection site and transmit statistical summaries of patterns observed. Examples of discovery machines are the Autoclass system and the genetic memory system of NASA-Ames, and the proposal for knowbots by Kahn and Cerf.

Studies of Big Data metadata segmentation between relational and non-relational databases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golosova, M. V.; Grigorieva, M. A.; Klimentov, A. A.; Ryabinkin, E. A.; Dimitrov, G.; Potekhin, M.

2015-12-01

In recent years the concepts of Big Data became well established in IT. Systems managing large data volumes produce metadata that describe data and workflows. These metadata are used to obtain information about current system state and for statistical and trend analysis of the processes these systems drive. Over the time the amount of the stored metadata can grow dramatically. In this article we present our studies to demonstrate how metadata storage scalability and performance can be improved by using hybrid RDBMS/NoSQL architecture.

Globally optimal, minimum stored energy, double-doughnut superconducting magnets.

PubMed

Tieng, Quang M; Vegh, Viktor; Brereton, Ian M

2010-01-01

The use of the minimum stored energy current density map-based methodology of designing closed-bore symmetric superconducting magnets was described recently. The technique is further developed to cater for the design of interventional-type MRI systems, and in particular open symmetric magnets of the double-doughnut configuration. This extends the work to multiple magnet domain configurations. The use of double-doughnut magnets in MRI scanners has previously been hindered by the ability to deliver strong magnetic fields over a sufficiently large volume appropriate for imaging, essentially limiting spatial resolution, signal-to-noise ratio, and field of view. The requirement of dedicated interventional space restricts the manner in which the coils can be arranged and placed. The minimum stored energy optimal coil arrangement ensures that the field strength is maximized over a specific region of imaging. The design method yields open, dual-domain magnets capable of delivering greater field strengths than those used prior to this work, and at the same time it provides an increase in the field-of-view volume. Simulation results are provided for 1-T double-doughnut magnets with at least a 50-cm 1-ppm (parts per million) field of view and 0.7-m gap between the two doughnuts. Copyright (c) 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

LOOP marine and estuarine monitoring program, 1978-95 : volume 5 : demersal nekton.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-01-01

The Louisiana Offshore Oil Port (LOOP) facilities in coastal Louisiana provide the United States with the country's only Superport for off-loading deep draft tankers. The facilities transport oil ashore through pipelines, and temporarily store oil be...

How tobacco companies ensure prime placement of their advertising and products in stores: interviews with retailers about tobacco company incentive programmes.

PubMed

Feighery, E C; Ribisl, K M; Clark, P I; Haladjian, H H

2003-06-01

About 81% of cigarette manufacturers' marketing expenditures in the USA is spent to promote cigarette sales in stores. Relatively little is known about how these expenditures help the manufacturers achieve their marketing goals in stores. A better understanding of how tobacco companies influence the retail environment would help researchers and tobacco control activists to monitor industry presence in stores. To describe the types of tobacco company incentive programmes offered to retailers, how these programmes impact the store environments, and possible visual indicators of retailer participation in incentive programmes. In-depth qualitative interviews with a convenience sample of 29 tobacco retailers were conducted in 2001. USA. The types and requirements of retailer incentive programmes provided by tobacco companies, and how participation in a programme alters their stores. The retailers provided insights into how tobacco companies convey promotional allowances and special offers to them and how these incentives shape the retail environment. Retailers noted that tobacco companies exert substantial control over their stores by requiring placement of products in the most visible locations, and of specific amounts and types of advertising in prime locations in the store. Retailers also described how tobacco companies reduce prices by offering them volume based discounts, "buy two, get one free" specials, and "buying down" the price of existing product. Tobacco companies are concentrating their marketing dollars at the point-of-sale to the extent that the store is their primary communication channel with customers. As a result, all shoppers regardless of age or smoking status are exposed to pro-smoking messages. Given the financial resources spent by tobacco companies in stores, this venue warrants closer scrutiny by researchers and tobacco control advocates.

Stabilization of red blood cells by the plasticizer, diethylhexylphthalate.

PubMed

Horowitz, B; Stryker, M H; Waldman, A A; Woods, K R; Gass, J D; Drago, J

1985-01-01

The red blood cells of blood stored in containers made of polyvinylchloride (PVC) film are osmotically more stable and lose on average about 1/3 less hemoglobin than when blood is stored in another plastic [poly-(ethylene-co-ethyl acrylate); EEA]. The stability of uniform volumes of stored red blood cells varies directly with PVC surface area, whereas changes in EEA surface area have comparatively little or no effect. PVC contains high concentrations of the plasticizer, diethylhexylphthalate (DEHP), known to migrate into blood and to have a high potential for toxicity. To determine if DEHP could be the red cell stabilizing agent in PVC, whole blood was stored in containers made from EEA into which was incorporated varying amounts of DEHP. Incorporation of DEHP into EEA significantly reduced erythrocyte osmotic fragility (p = 0.01). The degree of reduced fragility correlated with the level of DEHP in the cell phase implicating DEHP in PVC containers as the stabilizing agent for red cells.

Characterization of the Chemical Constitution and Profile of Pharmacological Activity of PGBx.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-30

Mitochondrial Oxydative Phosphorylation System Columna Percent Activity- Comments Fractiorr 20 g 40 4g 7 50 100 slightly lower specific activity 8 115 115...amber alcoholic solution con- taining 155.6 mg of PGBx acid per ml. It was converted to the water- soluble sodium salt by us and both the freeze dried...salt and alcoholic solution were stored at 50C in a dessicator. For all biological studies, PGBx-Na was dissolved in appropriate volumes of Sorenson’s

Shuttle cryogenics supply system optimization study. Volume 5, B-3, part 2: Appendix to programmers manual for math model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

A computer programmer's manual for a digital computer which will permit rapid and accurate parametric analysis of current and advanced attitude control propulsion systems is presented. The concept is for a cold helium pressurized, subcritical cryogen fluid supplied, bipropellant gas-fed attitude control propulsion system. The cryogen fluids are stored as liquids under low pressure and temperature conditions. The mathematical model provides a generalized form for the procedural technique employed in setting up the analysis program.

Automated Data Aggregation for Time-Series Analysis: Study Case on Anaesthesia Data Warehouse.

PubMed

Lamer, Antoine; Jeanne, Mathieu; Ficheur, Grégoire; Marcilly, Romaric

2016-01-01

Data stored in operational databases are not reusable directly. Aggregation modules are necessary to facilitate secondary use. They decrease volume of data while increasing the number of available information. In this paper, we present four automated engines of aggregation, integrated into an anaesthesia data warehouse. Four instances of clinical questions illustrate the use of those engines for various improvements of quality of care: duration of procedure, drug administration, assessment of hypotension and its related treatment.

Woodbridge Research Facility Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study; Remedial Investigation, Volume 1 - Text, Tables, and Figures

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-11-01

toxic form of organic mercury ( Eisler , 1987 ). The EEQs were calculated for both inorganic mercury and methyl mercury for robins and shrews to...always less than the toxicity of methylmercury, and methylmercury is the most toxic form of organic mercury ( Eisler , 1987 ), this assumption is likely to...The UST was installed in 1966 and was used to store #2 fuel oil. The tank was removed in 1986 or 1987 with no record of leak testing or soil

Wetlands Research Program. Wetland Evaluation Technique (WET). Volume 1. Literature Review and Evaluation Rationale.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

low potential evapotranspiration, and having basin morphologies con- ducive to storing large amounts of water, probably have some capacity for aug...menting low flows. For example, in a study of 38 Minnesota drainage basins , Ackroyd et al. (1967/MN:R) concluded that lakes and wetlands, in general...ganic layer that is less permeable to ground water exchange. This may even isolate or seal a basin from the ground water. However, Born et al. (1979

E-Cigarette Market Trends in Traditional U.S. Retail Channels, 2012–2013

PubMed Central

Hammond, David; Corey, Catherine G.; Ambrose, Bridget K.; Delnevo, Cristine D.

2015-01-01

Introduction: E-cigarette sales continue to increase in the United States. To date, little surveillance research has documented the specific product attributes driving growth. This study uses national market scanner data to describe sales trends in traditional U.S. tobacco retail channels between 2012 and 2013 and identifies product features associated with sales increases. Methods: Data on e-cigarette sales in convenience stores, drug stores, grocery stores, and mass merchandisers in the United States were obtained from the Nielsen Company. Each product was coded for attributes such as brand, flavor, and unit size. Total sales volume, market share, and percent growth were calculated for various product attributes. Results: E-cigarette sales more than doubled between 2012 and 2013, from $273.6 million to $636.2 million, respectively. Growth was particularly strong in the convenience store channel. Blu eCigs quickly emerged as the best-selling brand and in 2013 constituted nearly half (44.1%) of overall sales. Although fruit-flavored and other flavored products experienced marked growth, unflavored and menthol e-cigarettes overwhelmingly dominated the market. Sales of single unit products (likely disposable e-cigarettes) increased by 216.4%, a much faster rate than multi-unit packs and cartridge refills. Conclusions: In traditional U.S. retail channels, particularly the convenience store channel, sales of e-cigarettes continue to grow, with brands like blu and disposable products as the likely drivers. Given the rapidly-changing market, expanded surveillance is needed to monitor sales not only in traditional retail locations, but sales online and in specialty “vape shops,” as well. PMID:25542918

7 CFR 160.201 - Fees generally for field inspection and certification of naval stores and drum containers of rosin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... tank trucks, per truck—$34.00. (2) Turpentine (Grading and incidental certification as to class...) Turpentine (inspection and certification as to kind, condition, volume, etc.). (i) In drums of 55 gallons...

7 CFR 160.201 - Fees generally for field inspection and certification of naval stores and drum containers of rosin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... tank trucks, per truck—$34.00. (2) Turpentine (Grading and incidental certification as to class...) Turpentine (inspection and certification as to kind, condition, volume, etc.). (i) In drums of 55 gallons...

7 CFR 160.201 - Fees generally for field inspection and certification of naval stores and drum containers of rosin.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... tank trucks, per truck—$34.00. (2) Turpentine (Grading and incidental certification as to class...) Turpentine (inspection and certification as to kind, condition, volume, etc.). (i) In drums of 55 gallons...

Closer Look at Cancer Imaging Tools

MedlinePlus

... download on the Apple Store and Google Play. SOURCE: National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering: Medical Scans Spring 2018 Issue: Volume 13 Number 1 Page 11 MedlinePlus Subscribe Magazine Information Contact Us Viewers & Players Friends of the National Library of Medicine (FNLM) top

Environmental enhancement of swine lagoons through influent treatment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Confined swine production generates large volumes of wastewater typically stored and treated in anaerobic lagoons. Failure of these lagoons during tropical storms in North Carolina along with major public environmental concerns led to a permanent state moratorium of construction of new anaerobic lag...

A Study of Practical Proxy Reencryption with a Keyword Search Scheme considering Cloud Storage Structure

PubMed Central

Lee, Im-Yeong

2014-01-01

Data outsourcing services have emerged with the increasing use of digital information. They can be used to store data from various devices via networks that are easy to access. Unlike existing removable storage systems, storage outsourcing is available to many users because it has no storage limit and does not require a local storage medium. However, the reliability of storage outsourcing has become an important topic because many users employ it to store large volumes of data. To protect against unethical administrators and attackers, a variety of cryptography systems are used, such as searchable encryption and proxy reencryption. However, existing searchable encryption technology is inconvenient for use in storage outsourcing environments where users upload their data to be shared with others as necessary. In addition, some existing schemes are vulnerable to collusion attacks and have computing cost inefficiencies. In this paper, we analyze existing proxy re-encryption with keyword search. PMID:24693240

A study of practical proxy reencryption with a keyword search scheme considering cloud storage structure.

PubMed

Lee, Sun-Ho; Lee, Im-Yeong

2014-01-01

Data outsourcing services have emerged with the increasing use of digital information. They can be used to store data from various devices via networks that are easy to access. Unlike existing removable storage systems, storage outsourcing is available to many users because it has no storage limit and does not require a local storage medium. However, the reliability of storage outsourcing has become an important topic because many users employ it to store large volumes of data. To protect against unethical administrators and attackers, a variety of cryptography systems are used, such as searchable encryption and proxy reencryption. However, existing searchable encryption technology is inconvenient for use in storage outsourcing environments where users upload their data to be shared with others as necessary. In addition, some existing schemes are vulnerable to collusion attacks and have computing cost inefficiencies. In this paper, we analyze existing proxy re-encryption with keyword search.

Aquifer storage and recovery: recent hydrogeological advances and system performance.

PubMed

Maliva, Robert G; Guo, Weixing; Missimer, Thomas M

2006-12-01

Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is part of the solution to the global problem of managing water resources to meet existing and future freshwater demands. However, the metaphoric "ASR bubble" has been burst with the realization that ASR systems are more physically and chemically complex than the general conceptualization. Aquifer heterogeneity and fluid-rock interactions can greatly affect ASR system performance. The results of modeling studies and field experiences indicate that more sophisticated data collection and solute-transport modeling are required to predict how stored water will migrate in heterogeneous aquifers and how fluid-rock interactions will affect the quality of stored water. It has been well-demonstrated, by historic experience, that ASR systems can provide very large volumes of storage at a lesser cost than other options. The challenges moving forward are to improve the success rate of ASR systems, optimize system performance, and set expectations appropriately.

A computer system for analysis and transmission of spirometry waveforms using volume sampling.

PubMed

Ostler, D V; Gardner, R M; Crapo, R O

1984-06-01

A microprocessor-controlled data gathering system for telemetry and analysis of spirometry waveforms was implemented using a completely digital design. Spirometry waveforms were obtained from an optical shaft encoder attached to a rolling seal spirometer. Time intervals between 10-ml volume changes (volume sampling) were stored. The digital design eliminated problems of analog signal sampling. The system measured flows up to 12 liters/sec with 5% accuracy and volumes up to 10 liters with 1% accuracy. Transmission of 10 waveforms took about 3 min. Error detection assured that no data were lost or distorted during transmission. A pulmonary physician at the central hospital reviewed the volume-time and flow-volume waveforms and interpretations generated by the central computer before forwarding the results and consulting with the rural physician. This system is suitable for use in a major hospital, rural hospital, or small clinic because of the system's simplicity and small size.

Neutron cross sections. Volume I. Resonance parameters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mughabghab, S.F.; Garber, D.I.

1973-06-01

In contrast to earlier editions, which presented in compact form a summary of the complete store of the neutron data files, this edition aims to provide those portions of neutron data considered to be of prime importance and best suited for inclusion in ready reference form. This volume contains thermal cross sections, resonance properties, resonance parameters, and bibliography for nuclides from H to /sup 257/Fm. Notation and nomenclature, considerations involved in the recommendations, and a table of energyordered resonances are also included. (RWR)

Toroidal constant-tension superconducting magnetic energy storage units

DOEpatents

Herring, J. Stephen

1992-01-01

A superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is provided in which the magnet is wound in a toroidal fashion such that the magnetic field produced is contained only within the bore of the magnet, and thus producing a very low external field. The superconducting magnet includes a coolant channel disposed through the wire. The bore of the magnet comprises a storage volume in which cryogenic coolant is stored, and this volume supplies the coolant to be delivered to the coolant channel in the magnet.

Toroidal constant-tension superconducting magnetic energy storage units

DOEpatents

Herring, J.S.

1992-11-03

A superconducting magnetic energy storage unit is provided in which the magnet is wound in a toroidal fashion such that the magnetic field produced is contained only within the bore of the magnet, and thus producing a very low external field. The superconducting magnet includes a coolant channel disposed through the wire. The bore of the magnet comprises a storage volume in which cryogenic coolant is stored, and this volume supplies the coolant to be delivered to the coolant channel in the magnet. 6 figs.

Storage and computationally efficient permutations of factorized covariance and square-root information arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Muellerschoen, R. J.

1988-01-01

A unified method to permute vector stored Upper triangular Diagonal factorized covariance and vector stored upper triangular Square Root Information arrays is presented. The method involves cyclic permutation of the rows and columns of the arrays and retriangularization with fast (slow) Givens rotations (reflections). Minimal computation is performed, and a one dimensional scratch array is required. To make the method efficient for large arrays on a virtual memory machine, computations are arranged so as to avoid expensive paging faults. This method is potentially important for processing large volumes of radio metric data in the Deep Space Network.

Protein Simulation Data in the Relational Model.

PubMed

Simms, Andrew M; Daggett, Valerie

2012-10-01

High performance computing is leading to unprecedented volumes of data. Relational databases offer a robust and scalable model for storing and analyzing scientific data. However, these features do not come without a cost-significant design effort is required to build a functional and efficient repository. Modeling protein simulation data in a relational database presents several challenges: the data captured from individual simulations are large, multi-dimensional, and must integrate with both simulation software and external data sites. Here we present the dimensional design and relational implementation of a comprehensive data warehouse for storing and analyzing molecular dynamics simulations using SQL Server.

Protein Simulation Data in the Relational Model

PubMed Central

Simms, Andrew M.; Daggett, Valerie

2011-01-01

High performance computing is leading to unprecedented volumes of data. Relational databases offer a robust and scalable model for storing and analyzing scientific data. However, these features do not come without a cost—significant design effort is required to build a functional and efficient repository. Modeling protein simulation data in a relational database presents several challenges: the data captured from individual simulations are large, multi-dimensional, and must integrate with both simulation software and external data sites. Here we present the dimensional design and relational implementation of a comprehensive data warehouse for storing and analyzing molecular dynamics simulations using SQL Server. PMID:23204646

Big data mining: In-database Oracle data mining over hadoop

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kovacheva, Zlatinka; Naydenova, Ina; Kaloyanova, Kalinka; Markov, Krasimir

2017-07-01

Big data challenges different aspects of storing, processing and managing data, as well as analyzing and using data for business purposes. Applying Data Mining methods over Big Data is another challenge because of huge data volumes, variety of information, and the dynamic of the sources. Different applications are made in this area, but their successful usage depends on understanding many specific parameters. In this paper we present several opportunities for using Data Mining techniques provided by the analytical engine of RDBMS Oracle over data stored in Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS). Some experimental results are given and they are discussed.

Image storage in coumarin-based copolymer thin films by photoinduced dimerization.

PubMed

Gindre, Denis; Iliopoulos, Konstantinos; Krupka, Oksana; Champigny, Emilie; Morille, Yohann; Sallé, Marc

2013-11-15

We report a technique to encode grayscale digital images in thin films composed of copolymers containing coumarins. A nonlinear microscopy setup was implemented and two nonlinear optical processes were used to store and read information. A third-order process (two-photon absorption) was used to photoinduce a controlled dimer-to-monomer ratio within a defined tiny volume in the material, which corresponds to each recorded bit of data. Moreover, a second-order process (second-harmonic generation) was used to read the stored information, which has been found to be highly dependent upon the monomer-to-dimer ratio.

Three-dimensional unsteady Euler equations solutions on dynamic grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Belk, D. M.; Janus, J. M.; Whitfield, D. L.

1985-01-01

A method is presented for solving the three-dimensional unsteady Euler equations on dynamic grids based on flux vector splitting. The equations are cast in curvilinear coordinates and a finite volume discretization is used for handling arbitrary geometries. The discretized equations are solved using an explicit upwind second-order predictor corrector scheme that is stable for a CFL of 2. Characteristic variable boundary conditions are developed and used for unsteady impermeable surfaces and for the far-field boundary. Dynamic-grid results are presented for an oscillating air-foil and for a store separating from a reflection plate. For the cases considered of stores separating from a reflection plate, the unsteady aerodynamic forces on the store are significantly different from forces obtained by steady-state aerodynamics with the body inclination angle changed to account for plunge velocity.

Combining partially ranked data in plant breeding and biology: II. Analysis with Rasch model.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Many years of breeding experiments, germplasm screening, and molecular biologic experimentation have generated volumes of sequence, genotype, and phenotype information that have been stored in public data repositories. These resources afford genetic and genomic researchers the opportunity to handle ...

SPREADING LAGOONED SEWAGE SLUDGE ON FARMLAND: A CASE HISTORY

EPA Science Inventory

This project demonstrated that land application is feasible and practical for a metropolitan treatment plant for disposal of a large volume (265,000 cu m) of stabilized, liquid sewage sludge stored in lagoons. The project involved transportation of sludge by semi-trailer tankers ...

An integrated compact airborne multispectral imaging system using embedded computer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yuedong; Wang, Li; Zhang, Xuguo

2015-08-01

An integrated compact airborne multispectral imaging system using embedded computer based control system was developed for small aircraft multispectral imaging application. The multispectral imaging system integrates CMOS camera, filter wheel with eight filters, two-axis stabilized platform, miniature POS (position and orientation system) and embedded computer. The embedded computer has excellent universality and expansibility, and has advantages in volume and weight for airborne platform, so it can meet the requirements of control system of the integrated airborne multispectral imaging system. The embedded computer controls the camera parameters setting, filter wheel and stabilized platform working, image and POS data acquisition, and stores the image and data. The airborne multispectral imaging system can connect peripheral device use the ports of the embedded computer, so the system operation and the stored image data management are easy. This airborne multispectral imaging system has advantages of small volume, multi-function, and good expansibility. The imaging experiment results show that this system has potential for multispectral remote sensing in applications such as resource investigation and environmental monitoring.

Captivity Reduces Hippocampal Volume but not Survival of New Cells in a Food-Storing Bird

PubMed Central

Rabinowitz, Jeremy S.; Ali Imtiaz, Mubdiul; DeVoogd, Timothy J.

2010-01-01

In many naturalistic studies of the hippocampus wild animals are held in captivity. To see if captivity itself affects hippocampal structure, adult black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) were caught in the fall, injected with bromodeoxyuridine to mark neurogenesis and alternately released back to the wild or held in captivity for 4–6 weeks. Wild birds were recaptured and perfused simultaneously with their captive counterparts. The hippocampus of the captive birds was 23% smaller than the wild birds, with no hemispheric differences in volume within groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the size of the telencephalon between groups, or in the number and density of surviving new cells. Proximate causes of the hippocampal volume change could include stress, lack of exercise, diminished social interaction or limited caching opportunity; a hippocampal-dependent activity. The results suggest the avian hippocampus - a structure essential for rapid, complex relational and spatial learning - is both plastic and sensitive, much as is the case in mammals, including humans. PMID:19813245

Captivity reduces hippocampal volume but not survival of new cells in a food-storing bird.

PubMed

Tarr, Bernard A; Rabinowitz, Jeremy S; Ali Imtiaz, Mubdiul; DeVoogd, Timothy J

2009-12-01

In many naturalistic studies of the hippocampus wild animals are held in captivity. To test if captivity itself affects hippocampal integrity, adult black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapilla) were caught in the fall, injected with bromodeoxyuridine to mark neurogenesis, and alternately released to the wild or held in captivity. The wild birds were recaptured after 4-6 weeks and perfused simultaneously with their captive counterparts. The hippocampus of captive birds was 23% smaller than wild birds, with no hemispheric differences in volume within groups. Between groups there was no statistically significant difference in the size of the telencephalon, or in the number and density of surviving new cells. Proximate causes of the reduced hippocampal volume could include stress, lack of exercise, diminished social interaction, or limited caching opportunity-a hippocampal-dependent activity. The results suggest the avian hippocampus-a structure essential for rapid, complex relational and spatial learning-is both plastic and sensitive, much as in mammals, including humans.

ELM Meets Urban Big Data Analysis: Case Studies

PubMed Central

Chen, Huajun; Chen, Jiaoyan

2016-01-01

In the latest years, the rapid progress of urban computing has engendered big issues, which creates both opportunities and challenges. The heterogeneous and big volume of data and the big difference between physical and virtual worlds have resulted in lots of problems in quickly solving practical problems in urban computing. In this paper, we propose a general application framework of ELM for urban computing. We present several real case studies of the framework like smog-related health hazard prediction and optimal retain store placement. Experiments involving urban data in China show the efficiency, accuracy, and flexibility of our proposed framework. PMID:27656203

Release of Taurine and Glutamate contributes to cell volume regulation in human retinal Müller cells: Differences in modulation by calcium.

PubMed

Netti, Vanina; Pizzoni, Alejandro; Peréz-Domínguez, Martha; Ford, Paula; Pasantes-Morales, Herminia; Ramos-Mandujano, Gerardo; Capurro, Claudia

2018-05-23

Neuronal activity in the retina generates osmotic gradients that lead to Müller cell swelling, followed by a regulatory volume decrease (RVD) response, partially due to the isoosmotic efflux of KCl and water. However, our previous studies in a human Müller cell line (MIO-M1) demonstrated that an important fraction of RVD may also involve the efflux of organic solutes. We also showed that RVD depends on the swelling-induced Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores. Here we investigate the contribution of Taurine (Tau) and Glutamate (Glu), the most relevant amino acids in Müller cells, to RVD through the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC), as well as their Ca 2+ -dependency in MIO-M1 cells. Swelling-induced [ 3 -H]-Tau/[ 3 H]-Glu release was assessed by radiotracer assays and cell volume by fluorescence videomicroscopy. Results showed that cells exhibited an osmosensitive efflux of [ 3 H]-Tau and [ 3 H]-Glu (Tau > Glu) blunted by the VRAC inhibitors DCPIB and CBX, reducing RVD. Only [ 3 H]-Tau efflux was dependent on Ca 2+ release from intracellular stores. RVD was unaffected in a Ca 2+ -free medium, probably due to Ca 2+ -independent Tau and Glu release, but was reduced by chelating intracellular Ca 2+ . The inhibition of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase reduced [ 3 H]-Glu efflux but also the Ca 2+ -insensitive [ 3 H]-Tau fraction and decreased RVD, evidencing the relevance of this Ca 2+ -independent pathway. We propose that VRAC-mediated Tau and Glu release has a relevant role in RVD in Müller cells. The observed disparities in Ca 2+ influence on amino acid release support the presence of VRAC isoforms that may differ in substrate selectivity and regulatory mechanisms, with important implications for retinal physiology.

Fuel-Cell-Powered Vehicle with Hybrid Power Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eichenberg, Dennis J.

2010-01-01

Figure 1 depicts a hybrid electric utility vehicle that is powered by hydrogenburning proton-exchange-membrane (PEM) fuel cells operating in conjunction with a metal hydride hydrogen-storage unit. Unlike conventional hybrid electric vehicles, this vehicle utilizes ultracapacitors, rather than batteries, for storing electric energy. This vehicle is a product of continuing efforts to develop the technological discipline known as hybrid power management (HPM), which is oriented toward integration of diverse electric energy-generating, energy-storing, and energy- consuming devices in optimal configurations. Instances of HPM were reported in five prior NASA Tech Briefs articles, though not explicitly labeled as HPM in the first three articles: "Ultracapacitors Store Energy in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle" (LEW-16876), Vol. 24, No. 4 (April 2000), page 63; "Photovoltaic Power Station With Ultracapacitors for Storage" (LEW- 17177), Vol. 27, No. 8 (August 2003), page 38; "Flasher Powered by Photovoltaic Cells and Ultracapacitors" (LEW-17246), Vol. 27, No. 10 (October 2003), page 37; "Hybrid Power Management" (LEW-17520), Vol. 29, No. 12 (December 2005), page 35; and "Ultracapacitor-Powered Cordless Drill" (LEW-18116-1), Vol. 31, No. 8 (August 2007), page 34. To recapitulate from the cited prior articles: The use of ultracapacitors as energy- storage devices lies at the heart of HPM. An ultracapacitor is an electrochemical energy-storage device, but unlike in a conventional rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery, chemical reactions do not take place during operation. Instead, energy is stored electrostatically at an electrode/electrolyte interface. The capacitance per unit volume of an ultracapacitor is much greater than that of a conventional capacitor because its electrodes have much greater surface area per unit volume and the separation between the electrodes is much smaller.

Seasonal changes of DNA fragmentation and quality of raw and cold-stored stallion spermatozoa.

PubMed

Wach-Gygax, L; Burger, D; Malama, E; Bollwein, H; Fleisch, A; Jeannerat, E; Thomas, S; Schuler, G; Janett, F

2017-09-01

In this study annual fluctuations of DNA fragmentation and quality of cold-stored equine sperm were evaluated. Ejaculates were collected weekly during one year from 15 stallions. Ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total sperm count were determined and semen was then extended and cold-stored for 48 h. Sperm motility was evaluated by CASA before and after 24 as well as 48 h of cold storage. In addition, the percentages of sperm with intact plasma membrane and acrosome (PMAI %) and with low intracellular Ca 2+ level were determined in cold-stored semen (24 h, 48 h). SCSA™ was performed to assess mean DFI, SD of DFI and % DFI in raw frozen-thawed as well as in extended sperm after 24 and 48 h of storage. The month of semen collection affected (P < 0.05) all parameters evaluated in raw semen and all criteria except progressive motility as well as rapid cells in semen stored for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Ejaculate volume was higher and sperm concentration lower in summer compared to winter and motility lower in July than in any other month of the year (P < 0.05). In semen processed in April and stored for 24 h the percentage of rapid cells was improved compared to January and after 48 h of storage progressive motility (%) was higher in January and October than in July (P < 0.05). After 24 h of cold storage PMAI % was higher in October than in January and after 48 h values were higher in September compared to January and February as well as from April to July (P < 0.05). Regarding sperm with low intracellular Ca +2 level (%) after storage for 24 and 48 h, higher values were measured in winter and in October compared to April, June and July (P < 0.01). Seasonal changes in DNA fragmentation were most evident with respect to mean DFI. In raw frozen-thawed semen mean DFI was lower from August to November than in June and July (P < 0.001). Values were lower during winter compared to spring and early summer (P < 0.05) and lower in December than from April to September (P < 0.001). After 24 h of cold storage mean DFI was lower in September and October when compared to January, February, May, July and November (P < 0.05) and after 48 h storage mean DFI was reduced in spring and autumn compared to February, June and July (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a seasonal effect was evident on semen characteristics of raw and cold-stored sperm. Semen quality was impaired in midsummer when low sperm motility and viability were combined with an elevated DNA fragmentation and Ca 2+ level of sperm. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Decline of phosphorus, copper, and zinc in anaerobic lagoon columns receiving pretreated influent

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Confined swine production generates large volumes of wastewater typically stored and treated in anaerobic lagoons. These lagoons usually require a sludge management plan for their maintenance consisting of regular sludge removal by mechanical agitation and pumping followed by land application at agr...

Integrating Data across Digital Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DiCerbo, Kristen

2016-01-01

The volume of data that can be captured and stored from students' everyday interactions with digital environments allows for the creation of models of student knowledge, skills, and attributes unobtrusively. However, models and techniques for transforming these data into information that is useful for educators have not been established. This…

Theoretical Calculations of Supersonic Wave Drag at Zero Lift for a Particular Store Arrangement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Margolis, Kenneth; Malvestuto, Frank S , Jr; Maxie, Peter J , Jr

1958-01-01

An analysis, based on the linearized thin-airfoil theory for supersonic speeds, of the wave drag at zero lift has been carried out for a simple two-body arrangement consisting of two wedgelike surfaces, each with a rhombic lateral cross section and emanating from a common apex. Such an arrangement could be used as two stores, either embedded within or mounted below a wing, or as auxiliary bodies wherein the upper halves could be used as stores and the lower halves for bomb or missile purposes. The complete range of supersonic Mach numbers has been considered and it was found that by orienting the axes of the bodies relative to each other a given volume may be redistributed in a manner which enables the wave drag to be reduced within the lower supersonic speed range (where the leading edge is substantially subsonic). At the higher Mach numbers, the wave drag is always increased. If, in addition to a constant volume, a given maximum thickness-chord ratio is imposed, then canting the two surfaces results in higher wave drag at all Mach numbers. For purposes of comparison, analogous drag calculations for the case of two parallel winglike bodies with the same cross-sectional shapes as the canted configuration have been included. Consideration is also given to the favorable (dragwise) interference pressures acting on the blunt bases of both arrangements.

Holographic memory for high-density data storage and high-speed pattern recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Claire

2002-09-01

As computers and the internet become faster and faster, more and more information is transmitted, received, and stored everyday. The demand for high density and fast access time data storage is pushing scientists and engineers to explore all possible approaches including magnetic, mechanical, optical, etc. Optical data storage has already demonstrated its potential in the competition against other storage technologies. CD and DVD are showing their advantages in the computer and entertainment market. What motivated the use of optical waves to store and access information is the same as the motivation for optical communication. Light or an optical wave has an enormous capacity (or bandwidth) to carry information because of its short wavelength and parallel nature. In optical storage, there are two types of mechanism, namely localized and holographic memories. What gives the holographic data storage an advantage over localized bit storage is the natural ability to read the stored information in parallel, therefore, meeting the demand for fast access. Another unique feature that makes the holographic data storage attractive is that it is capable of performing associative recall at an incomparable speed. Therefore, volume holographic memory is particularly suitable for high-density data storage and high-speed pattern recognition. In this paper, we review previous works on volume holographic memories and discuss the challenges for this technology to become a reality.

Optical tomographic memories: algorithms for the efficient information readout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pantelic, Dejan V.

1990-07-01

Tomographic alogithms are modified in order to reconstruct the inf ormation previously stored by focusing laser radiation in a volume of photosensitive media. Apriori information about the position of bits of inf ormation is used. 1. THE PRINCIPLES OF TOMOGRAPHIC MEMORIES Tomographic principles can be used to store and reconstruct the inf ormation artificially stored in a bulk of a photosensitive media 1 The information is stored by changing some characteristics of a memory material (e. g. refractive index). Radiation from the two independent light sources (e. g. lasers) is f ocused inside the memory material. In this way the intensity of the light is above the threshold only in the localized point where the light rays intersect. By scanning the material the information can be stored in binary or nary format. When the information is stored it can be read by tomographic methods. However the situation is quite different from the classical tomographic problem. Here a lot of apriori information is present regarding the p0- sitions of the bits of information profile representing single bit and a mode of operation (binary or n-ary). 2. ALGORITHMS FOR THE READOUT OF THE TOMOGRAPHIC MEMORIES Apriori information enables efficient reconstruction of the memory contents. In this paper a few methods for the information readout together with the simulation results will be presented. Special attention will be given to the noise considerations. Two different

Where Does Water Go During Hydraulic Fracturing?

PubMed

O'Malley, D; Karra, S; Currier, R P; Makedonska, N; Hyman, J D; Viswanathan, H S

2016-07-01

During hydraulic fracturing millions of gallons of water are typically injected at high pressure into deep shale formations. This water can be housed in fractures, within the shale matrix, and can potentially migrate beyond the shale formation via fractures and/or faults raising environmental concerns. We describe a generic framework for producing estimates of the volume available in fractures and undamaged shale matrix where water injected into a representative shale site could reside during hydraulic fracturing, and apply it to a representative site that incorporates available field data. The amount of water that can be stored in the fractures is estimated by calculating the volume of all the fractures associated with a discrete fracture network (DFN) based on real data and using probability theory to estimate the volume of smaller fractures that are below the lower cutoff for the fracture radius in the DFN. The amount of water stored in the matrix is estimated utilizing two distinct methods-one using a two-phase model at the pore-scale and the other using a single-phase model at the continuum scale. Based on these calculations, it appears that most of the water resides in the matrix with a lesser amount in the fractures. Published 2015. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

Hydrogen underground storage in siliciclastic reservoirs - intention and topics of the H2STORE project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pudlo, Dieter; Ganzer, Leonhard; Henkel, Steven; Liebscher, Axel; Kühn, Michael; De Lucia, Marco; Panfilov, Michel; Pilz, Peter; Reitenbach, Viktor; Albrecht, Daniel; Würdemann, Hilke; Gaupp, Reinhard

2013-04-01

The transfer of energy supply from nuclear and CO2-emitting power generation to renewable energy production sources is strongly reliant to the potential of storing high capacities of energy in a safe and reliable way in time spans of several months. One conceivable option can be the storage of hydrogen and (related) synthetic natural gas (SNG) production in appropriate underground structures, like salt caverns and pore space reservoirs. Successful storage of hydrogen in the form of town gas in salt caverns has been proven in several demonstration projects and can be considered as state of the art technology. However, salt structures have only limited importance for hydrogen storage due to only small cavern volumes and the limited occurrence of salt deposits suitable for flushing of cavern constructions. Thus, regarding potential high-volume storage sites, siliciclastic deposits like saline aquifers and depleted gas reservoirs are of increasing interest. Motivated by a project call and sponsored by the German government the H2STORE ("Hydrogen to Store") collaborative project will investigate the feasibility and the requirements for pore space storage of hydrogen. Thereby depleted gas reservoirs are a major concern of this study. This type of geological structure is chosen because of their well investigated geological settings and proved sealing capacities, which already enable a present (and future) use as natural (and synthetic) reservoir gas storages. Nonetheless hydrogen and hydrocarbon in porous media exhibit major differences in physico-chemical behaviour, essentially due to the high diffusivity and reactivity of hydrogen. The biotic and abiotic reactions of hydrogen with rocks and fluids will be necessary observed in siliciclastic sediments which consist of numerous inorganic and organic compounds and comprise original formation fluids. These features strongly control petrophysical behaviour (e.g. porosity, permeability) and therefore fluid (hydrogen) migration. To reveal the relevance of these interactions and their impact on petrophysics and fluid mechanics in H2STORE six subprojects are included, which are devoted to various aspects of hydrogen storage in pore space reservoirs. The analytical and (laboratory) experimental studies will be based on rock and fluid samples issued from different reservoir sandstone and cap rock mudstone types originated from different depths all over Germany. Thereby data on sedimentological, geochemical, mineralogical, hydrochemical, petrophysical and microbiological rock composition will be gained. These studies will be completed with conceptual mathematical and numerical modelling of dynamic reservoir processes, including basin/facies burial evolution, mineralogical alteration, hydro-/geochemical reactions and gas mixing processes coupled with population dynamics of methanogenic microorganisms and dynamic displacement instability effects. The estimation of the hydrogen impact on reservoir behaviour of different rock types at depths will enable an evaluation of the feasibility of "Eco-/Green" methane and synthetic natural gas (SNG) generation by hydrogen reaction with CO2. The verification/falsification of specific processes will also enhance predictions on the operational reliability, the ecological tolerance, and the economic efficiency of future energy storing plants. These aspects are main motivations for any industrial investors and the public acceptance of such new technologies within the framework of an overall power supply by renewable energy production.

Platelet storage in Fresenius/NPBI polyolefin and BTHC-PVC bags: a direct comparison.

PubMed

Hornsey, V S; McColl, K; Drummond, O; Macgregor, I R; Prowse, C V

2008-08-01

New platelet storage systems, such as changes in the plastic of the storage bags, require validation. In this study, pooled buffy coat platelets stored in Fresenius/NPBI polyolefin bags were compared with those stored in Fresenius/NPBI butyryl-trihexyl citrate (BTHC) plasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). The CompoSelect thrombocyte polishing filter system (1000 mL polyolefin bag) and the CompoStop F730 system (1300 mL BTHC-PVC bag) were used to prepare paired, plasma-suspended, buffy coat platelet concentrates. Samples were taken up to day 7 for in vitro analysis. In a separate experiment, 12 units were prepared using the CompoStop F730 system and samples taken after leucofiltration for FXIIa assay. By day 7, platelet concentrates stored in BTHC-PVC demonstrated significantly higher pH levels (7.32 +/- 0.05 vs. 7.26 +/- 0.05) and a greater degree of cell lysis as shown by increased lactate dehydrogenase levels (497 +/- 107 vs. 392 +/- 81 U L(-1)). The supernatants contained higher concentrations of soluble P-selectin and the chemokine 'regulated on activation, normal T-cell expressed and presumably secreted', which are released from the alpha-granules during activation. The ATP concentrations were significantly lower in BTHC-PVC. Platelet counts, mean platelet volume and hypotonic shock response were similar for both bags. FXIIa antigen concentrations were 0.6 +/- 0.2 ng mL(-1) indicating that activation of the contact factor pathway had not occurred. Although the CompoStop F730 leucoreduction filter did not activate the contact system, platelets stored in 100% plasma in BTHC-PVC bags demonstrated different in vitro characteristics from those stored in polyolefin. Further work is required to demonstrate whether these differences will affect in vivo recovery and survival.

E-Cigarette Market Trends in Traditional U.S. Retail Channels, 2012-2013.

PubMed

Giovenco, Daniel P; Hammond, David; Corey, Catherine G; Ambrose, Bridget K; Delnevo, Cristine D

2015-10-01

E-cigarette sales continue to increase in the United States. To date, little surveillance research has documented the specific product attributes driving growth. This study uses national market scanner data to describe sales trends in traditional U.S. tobacco retail channels between 2012 and 2013 and identifies product features associated with sales increases. Data on e-cigarette sales in convenience stores, drug stores, grocery stores, and mass merchandisers in the United States were obtained from the Nielsen Company. Each product was coded for attributes such as brand, flavor, and unit size. Total sales volume, market share, and percent growth were calculated for various product attributes. E-cigarette sales more than doubled between 2012 and 2013, from $273.6 million to $636.2 million, respectively. Growth was particularly strong in the convenience store channel. Blu eCigs quickly emerged as the best-selling brand and in 2013 constituted nearly half (44.1%) of overall sales. Although fruit-flavored and other flavored products experienced marked growth, unflavored and menthol e-cigarettes overwhelmingly dominated the market. Sales of single unit products (likely disposable e-cigarettes) increased by 216.4%, a much faster rate than multi-unit packs and cartridge refills. In traditional U.S. retail channels, particularly the convenience store channel, sales of e-cigarettes continue to grow, with brands like blu and disposable products as the likely drivers. Given the rapidly-changing market, expanded surveillance is needed to monitor sales not only in traditional retail locations, but sales online and in specialty "vape shops," as well. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Posttransfusion survival (24-hour) and hemolysis of previously frozen, deglycerolized RBCs after storage at 4 degrees C for up to 14 days in sodium chloride alone or sodium chloride supplemented with additive solutions.

PubMed

Valeri, C R; Pivacek, L E; Cassidy, G P; Ragno, G

2000-11-01

Previously frozen human RBCs currently are glycerolized and deglycerolized by the use of open systems that limit storage of the deglycerolized RBCs at 4 degrees C to only 24 hours. Healthy male volunteers who met AABB requirements for blood donors (n = 38) were studied. A volume of 450 mL of blood was collected into CPDA-1. The RBC concentrates were stored at 4 degrees C for 3 to 6 days before being frozen with 40-percent (wt/vol) glycerol and stored at -80 degrees C. The RBCs were deglycerolized, resuspended in 0.9-percent sodium chloride and 0.2-percent glucose (SG) solution or SG solution supplemented with AS-1, AS-3, or AS-5, and stored in the resuspension medium at 4 degrees C for 14 days. The mean +/- SD freeze-thaw-wash process recovery was 90.0 +/- 4.0 percent for all 38 units. The mean 24-hour posttransfusion survival value was 79 percent for deglycerolized RBC stored at 4 degrees C for 7 days in SG alone, SG plus AS-3, or SG plus AS-5. Deglycerolized RBC that were stored at 4 C for 14 days in SG supplemented with AS-1, AS-3, or AS-5 had a mean 24-hour posttransfusion survival of 74 percent. After 7 days of storage of deglycerolized RBCs in SG alone, the mean hemolysis was 3. 7 percent. After 14 days of storage of deglycerolized RBCs in SG supplemented with AS-1, AS-3, or AS-5, the mean hemolysis was 2.5 percent. The levels of hemolysis did not correlate with the 24-hour posttransfusion survival values.

The Case for Adopting Server-side Analytics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tino, C.; Holmes, C. P.; Feigelson, E.; Hurlburt, N. E.

2017-12-01

The standard method for accessing Earth and space science data relies on a scheme developed decades ago: data residing in one or many data stores must be parsed out and shipped via internet lines or physical transport to the researcher who in turn locally stores the data for analysis. The analyses tasks are varied and include visualization, parameterization, and comparison with or assimilation into physics models. In many cases this process is inefficient and unwieldy as the data sets become larger and demands on the analysis tasks become more sophisticated and complex. For about a decade, several groups have explored a new paradigm to this model. The names applied to the paradigm include "data analytics", "climate analytics", and "server-side analytics". The general concept is that in close network proximity to the data store there will be a tailored processing capability appropriate to the type and use of the data served. The user of the server-side analytics will operate on the data with numerical procedures. The procedures can be accessed via canned code, a scripting processor, or an analysis package such as Matlab, IDL or R. Results of the analytics processes will then be relayed via the internet to the user. In practice, these results will be at a much lower volume, easier to transport to and store locally by the user and easier for the user to interoperate with data sets from other remote data stores. The user can also iterate on the processing call to tailor the results as needed. A major component of server-side analytics could be to provide sets of tailored results to end users in order to eliminate the repetitive preconditioning that is both often required with these data sets and which drives much of the throughput challenges. NASA's Big Data Task Force studied this issue. This paper will present the results of this study including examples of SSAs that are being developed and demonstrated and suggestions for architectures that might be developed for future applications.

Storage at -80°C preserves the antioxidant capacity of preterm human milk.

PubMed

Akdag, Arzu; Sari, Fatma Nur; Dizdar, Evrim Alyamac; Uras, Nurdan; Isikoglu, Semra; Erel, Ozcan; Dilmen, Ugur

2014-09-01

It is essential to establish optimum parameters for maintaining the quality of stored milk until the moment of consumption with minimal deterioration of its properties. The aim of the study was to evaluate total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidation status (TOS) of fresh and freeze-stored samples (at -80°C) of preterm human milk (HM). Samples of colostrum were collected from 98 healthy women within the first 4 days after delivery. The total milk volume collected (6 ml) was divided in two aliquot parts: 3 ml for the fresh analysis which was done immediately after the extraction and 3 ml for storage under freezing conditions at -80°C for three months. The antioxidant status and oxidative stress of the fresh and stored breast milk were assessed via determination of TAC and TOS levels. The mean gestational age and the birth weight of the infants were 31.26 ± 2.93 weeks and 1620 ± 581.91 g; respectively. There were no significant correlations between maternal age, route of delivery and milk oxidative stress. There was no significant difference between the levels of TAC, TOS and the oxidative stress index in fresh and freeze-stored samples of colostrum in preterm HM (p > 0.05). Freeze storage of preterm HM at -80°C for three months preserves the antioxidant capacity without changing oxidative status of HM, which could be noteworthy for the preterm infant nutrition. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Body density and diving gas volume of the northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus).

PubMed

Miller, Patrick; Narazaki, Tomoko; Isojunno, Saana; Aoki, Kagari; Smout, Sophie; Sato, Katsufumi

2016-08-15

Diving lung volume and tissue density, reflecting lipid store volume, are important physiological parameters that have only been estimated for a few breath-hold diving species. We fitted 12 northern bottlenose whales with data loggers that recorded depth, 3-axis acceleration and speed either with a fly-wheel or from change of depth corrected by pitch angle. We fitted measured values of the change in speed during 5 s descent and ascent glides to a hydrodynamic model of drag and buoyancy forces using a Bayesian estimation framework. The resulting estimate of diving gas volume was 27.4±4.2 (95% credible interval, CI) ml kg(-1), closely matching the measured lung capacity of the species. Dive-by-dive variation in gas volume did not correlate with dive depth or duration. Estimated body densities of individuals ranged from 1028.4 to 1033.9 kg m(-3) at the sea surface, indicating overall negative tissue buoyancy of this species in seawater. Body density estimates were highly precise with ±95% CI ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 kg m(-3), which would equate to a precision of <0.5% of lipid content based upon extrapolation from the elephant seal. Six whales tagged near Jan Mayen (Norway, 71°N) had lower body density and were closer to neutral buoyancy than six whales tagged in the Gully (Nova Scotia, Canada, 44°N), a difference that was consistent with the amount of gliding observed during ascent versus descent phases in these animals. Implementation of this approach using longer-duration tags could be used to track longitudinal changes in body density and lipid store body condition of free-ranging cetaceans. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Body density and diving gas volume of the northern bottlenose whale (Hyperoodon ampullatus)

PubMed Central

Miller, Patrick; Narazaki, Tomoko; Isojunno, Saana; Aoki, Kagari; Smout, Sophie; Sato, Katsufumi

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Diving lung volume and tissue density, reflecting lipid store volume, are important physiological parameters that have only been estimated for a few breath-hold diving species. We fitted 12 northern bottlenose whales with data loggers that recorded depth, 3-axis acceleration and speed either with a fly-wheel or from change of depth corrected by pitch angle. We fitted measured values of the change in speed during 5 s descent and ascent glides to a hydrodynamic model of drag and buoyancy forces using a Bayesian estimation framework. The resulting estimate of diving gas volume was 27.4±4.2 (95% credible interval, CI) ml kg−1, closely matching the measured lung capacity of the species. Dive-by-dive variation in gas volume did not correlate with dive depth or duration. Estimated body densities of individuals ranged from 1028.4 to 1033.9 kg m−3 at the sea surface, indicating overall negative tissue buoyancy of this species in seawater. Body density estimates were highly precise with ±95% CI ranging from 0.1 to 0.4 kg m−3, which would equate to a precision of <0.5% of lipid content based upon extrapolation from the elephant seal. Six whales tagged near Jan Mayen (Norway, 71°N) had lower body density and were closer to neutral buoyancy than six whales tagged in the Gully (Nova Scotia, Canada, 44°N), a difference that was consistent with the amount of gliding observed during ascent versus descent phases in these animals. Implementation of this approach using longer-duration tags could be used to track longitudinal changes in body density and lipid store body condition of free-ranging cetaceans. PMID:27296044

The BREAST-V: a unifying predictive formula for volume assessment in small, medium, and large breasts.

PubMed

Longo, Benedetto; Farcomeni, Alessio; Ferri, Germano; Campanale, Antonella; Sorotos, Micheal; Santanelli, Fabio

2013-07-01

Breast volume assessment enhances preoperative planning of both aesthetic and reconstructive procedures, helping the surgeon in the decision-making process of shaping the breast. Numerous methods of breast size determination are currently reported but are limited by methodologic flaws and variable estimations. The authors aimed to develop a unifying predictive formula for volume assessment in small to large breasts based on anthropomorphic values. Ten anthropomorphic breast measurements and direct volumes of 108 mastectomy specimens from 88 women were collected prospectively. The authors performed a multivariate regression to build the optimal model for development of the predictive formula. The final model was then internally validated. A previously published formula was used as a reference. Mean (±SD) breast weight was 527.9 ± 227.6 g (range, 150 to 1250 g). After model selection, sternal notch-to-nipple, inframammary fold-to-nipple, and inframammary fold-to-fold projection distances emerged as the most important predictors. The resulting formula (the BREAST-V) showed an adjusted R of 0.73. The estimated expected absolute error on new breasts is 89.7 g (95 percent CI, 62.4 to 119.1 g) and the expected relative error is 18.4 percent (95 percent CI, 12.9 to 24.3 percent). Application of reference formula on the sample yielded worse predictions than those derived by the formula, showing an R of 0.55. The BREAST-V is a reliable tool for predicting small to large breast volumes accurately for use as a complementary device in surgeon evaluation. An app entitled BREAST-V for both iOS and Android devices is currently available for free download in the Apple App Store and Google Play Store. Diagnostic, II.

Airborne Electromagnetic Mapping of Peatlands: a Case Study in Norway.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silvestri, S.; Viezzoli, A.; Pfaffhuber, A. A.; Vettore, A.

2017-12-01

Peatlands are extraordinary reservoirs of organic carbon that can be found over a wide range of latitudes, in tropical, to temperate, to (sub)polar climates. According to some estimates, the carbon stored in peatlands almost match the atmospheric carbon pool. Peatlands degradation due to natural and anthropogenic factors releases every year large amount of CO2 and other green house gasses into the atmosphere. The conservation of peatlands is therefore a key measure to reduce emissions and to mitigate climate change. An effective plan to prevent peatlands degradation must move from a precise estimate of the volume of peat stored across vast territories around the world. One example are the several bogs that characterize large surfaces in Norway. Our research combines the use of high spatial resolution satellite optical data with Airborne Electromagnetic (AEM) and field measurements in order to map the extension and thickness of peat in Brøttum, Ringsaker province, Norway. The methodology allows us to quantify the volume of peat as well as the organic carbon stock. The variable thickness typical of Norwegian bogs allows us to test the limits of the AEM methodology in resolving near surface peat layers. This project has received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No. 747809. Start date: 1 June 2017. Duration: 24 months

Sludge reduction and water quality improvement in anaerobic lagoons through influent pre-treatment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Confined swine production generates large volumes of wastewater typically stored and treated in anaerobic lagoons. These lagoons may require cleanup and closure measures in the future. In practice, liquid and sludge need to be removed by pumping, usually at great expense of energy, and land applied ...

75 FR 53953 - Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags From Thailand: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

... establishments, e.g., grocery, drug, convenience, department, specialty retail, discount stores, and restaurants... convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the scope of the order is dispositive. Selection... information available at the time of selection, or exporters and producers accounting for the largest volume...

40 CFR 63.1061 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section. Capacity means the volume of liquid... or emptying means the partial or complete removal of stored liquid from a storage vessel. Storage vessels that contain liquid only as wall or bottom clingage, or in pools due to bottom irregularities, are...

40 CFR 63.1061 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section. Capacity means the volume of liquid... or emptying means the partial or complete removal of stored liquid from a storage vessel. Storage vessels that contain liquid only as wall or bottom clingage, or in pools due to bottom irregularities, are...

40 CFR 63.1061 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section. Capacity means the volume of liquid... or emptying means the partial or complete removal of stored liquid from a storage vessel. Storage vessels that contain liquid only as wall or bottom clingage, or in pools due to bottom irregularities, are...

40 CFR 63.1061 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section. Capacity means the volume of liquid... or emptying means the partial or complete removal of stored liquid from a storage vessel. Storage vessels that contain liquid only as wall or bottom clingage, or in pools due to bottom irregularities, are...

40 CFR 63.1061 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... shall have the meaning given them in the Act and in this section. Capacity means the volume of liquid... or emptying means the partial or complete removal of stored liquid from a storage vessel. Storage vessels that contain liquid only as wall or bottom clingage, or in pools due to bottom irregularities, are...

30 CFR 717.18 - Dams constructed of or impounding waste material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... freeboard distance between the lowest point on the embankment crest and the maximum water elevation shall be... volume of water stored during the design precipitation event within 10 days. (viii) During construction... waters over the past year, existing storage capacity of impounding structures, any fires occurring in the...

Control of decay in bolts and logs of northern hardwoods during storage

Treesearch

Theodore C. Scheffer; T. W. Jones

1953-01-01

Many wood-using plants in the Northeast store large quantities of hardwood logs for rather long periods. Sometimes a large volume of the wood is spoiled by decay during the storage period. A number of people have asked: "How can we prevent this loss?"

40 CFR 63.803 - Work practice standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... containers for storing finishing, gluing, cleaning, and washoff materials. (h) Application equipment... from a container that has a volume of no more than 2.0 gallons. (3) When spray is automated, that is... shall pump or drain all organic HAP solvent used for line cleaning into a normally closed container. (j...

Development of computerized stocktaking system in mine surveying for ore mineral volume calculation in covered storehouses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valdman, V. V.; Gridnev, S. O.

2017-10-01

The article examines into the vital issues of measuring and calculating the raw stock volumes in covered storehouses at mining and processing plants. The authors bring out two state-of-the-art high-technology solutions: 1 - to use the ground-based laser scanning system (the method is reasonably accurate and dependable, but costly and time consuming; it also requires the stoppage of works in the storehouse); 2 - to use the fundamentally new computerized stocktaking system in mine surveying for the ore mineral volume calculation, based on the profile digital images. These images are obtained via vertical projection of the laser plane onto the surface of the stored raw materials.

Method of making improved gas storage carbon with enhanced thermal conductivity

DOEpatents

Burchell, Timothy D [Oak Ridge, TN; Rogers, Michael R [Knoxville, TN

2002-11-05

A method of making an adsorbent carbon fiber based monolith having improved methane gas storage capabilities is disclosed. Additionally, the monolithic nature of the storage carbon allows it to exhibit greater thermal conductivity than conventional granular activated carbon or powdered activated carbon storage beds. The storage of methane gas is achieved through the process of physical adsorption in the micropores that are developed in the structure of the adsorbent monolith. The disclosed monolith is capable of storing greater than 150 V/V of methane [i.e., >150 STP (101.325 KPa, 298K) volumes of methane per unit volume of storage vessel internal volume] at a pressure of 3.5 MPa (500 psi).

Comparative study of cardioprotective effects of uridine-5'-monophosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate during the early periods of acute myocardial ischemia.

PubMed

Bul'on, V V; Krylova, I B; Rodionova, O M; Selina, E N; Evdokimova, N R; Sapronov, N S

2007-09-01

In experiments on rats, uridine-5'-monophosphate and uridine-5'-triphosphate reduced the intensity of anaerobic glycolysis and preserved glycogen stores and creatine phosphate balance during the first 60 min after occlusion of the left coronary artery. However, the energy-protective effect of uridine-5'-triphosphate developed 15 min later than the effect of uridine-5'-monophosphate. Uridine-5'-monophosphate, but not uridine-5'-triphosphate, reduced T wave amplitude on ECG and decreased the volume of ischemic injury to the myocardium.

An Analysis of Fuel Cell Options for an All-electric Unmanned Aerial Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kohout, Lisa L.; Schmitz, Paul C.

2007-01-01

A study was conducted to assess the performance characteristics of both PEM and SOFC-based fuel cell systems for an all-electric high altitude, long endurance Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). Primary and hybrid systems were considered. Fuel options include methane, hydrogen, and jet fuel. Excel-based models were used to calculate component mass as a function of power level and mission duration. Total system mass and stored volume as a function of mission duration for an aircraft operating at 65 kft altitude were determined and compared.

HAN-Based Monopropellant Propulsion System with Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jankovsky, Robert S.; Oleson, Steven R.

1997-01-01

NASA is developing a new monopropellant propulsion system for small, cost-driven spacecraft with AV requirements in the range of 10-150 m/sec. This system is based on a hydroxylammonium nitrate (HAN)/water/fuel monopropellant blend which is extremely dense, environmentally benign, and promises good performance and simplicity. State-of-art (SOA) small spacecraft typically employ either hydrazine or high pressure stored gas. Herein, a 'typical' small satellite bus is used to illustrate how a HAN-based monopropellant propulsion system fulfills small satellite propulsion requirements by providing mass and/or volume savings of SOA hydrazine monopropellants with the cost benefits of a stored nitrogen gas.

Tactical missile aerodynamics - General topics. Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics. Vol. 141

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hemsch, M.J.

1992-01-01

The present volume discusses the development history of tactical missile airframes, aerodynamic considerations for autopilot design, a systematic method for tactical missile design, the character and reduction of missile observability by radar, the visualization of high angle-of-attack flow phenomena, and the behavior of low aspect ratio wings at high angles of attack. Also discussed are airbreathing missile inlets, 'waverider' missile configurations, bodies with noncircular cross-sections and bank-to-turn missiles, asymmetric flow separation and vortex shedding on bodies-of-revolution, unsteady missile flows, swept shock-wave/boundary-layer interactions, pylon carriage and separation of stores, and internal stores carriage and separation.

Calibrated energy simulations of potential energy savings in actual retail buildings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alhafi, Zuhaira

Retail stores are commercial buildings with high energy consumption due to their typically large volumes and long hours of operation. This dissertation assesses heating, ventilating and air conditioning saving strategies based on energy simulations with input parameters from actual retail buildings. The dissertation hypothesis is that "Retail store buildings will save a significant amount of energy by (1) modifying ventilation rates, and/or (2) resetting set point temperatures. These strategies have shown to be beneficial in previous studies. As presented in the literature review, potential energy savings ranged from 0.5% to 30% without compromising indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality. The retail store buildings can be ventilated at rates significantly lower than rates called for in the ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010 while maintaining acceptable indoor air quality. Therefore, two dissertation objectives are addressed: (1) Investigate opportunities to reduce ventilation rates that do not compromise indoor air quality in retail stores located in Central Pennsylvania, (2) Investigate opportunities to increase (in summer) and decrease (in winter) set point temperatures that do not compromise thermal comfort. This study conducted experimental measurements of ventilation rates required to maintain acceptable air quality and indoor environmental conditions requirements for two retail stores using ASHRAE Standard 62.1_2012. More specifically, among other parameters, occupancy density, indoor and outdoor pollutant concentrations, and indoor temperatures were measured continuously for one week interval. One of these retail stores were tested four times for a yearlong time period. Pollutants monitored were formaldehyde, carbon dioxide, particle size distributions and concentrations, as well as total volatile organic compounds. As a part of the base protocol, the number of occupants in each store was hourly counted during the test, and the results reveal that the occupant densities were approximately 20% to 30% of that called by ASHRAE 62.1. Formaldehyde was the most important contaminant of concern in retail stores investigated. Both stores exceeded the most conservative health guideline for formaldehyde (OEHHA TWA REL = 7.3 ppb). This study found that source removal and reducing the emission rate, as demonstrated in retail stores sampled in this study, is a viable strategy to meet the health guideline. Total volatile compound were present in retail stores at low concentrations well below health guidelines suggested by Molhave (1700microg /m 2) and Bridges (1000 microg /m2). Based on these results and through mass--balance modeling, different ventilation rate reduction scenarios were proposed, and for these scenarios the differences in energy consumption were estimated. Findings of all phases of this desertion have contributed to understanding (a) the trade-off between energy savings and ventilation rates that do not compromise indoor air quality, and (b) the trade-off between energy savings and resets of indoor air temperature that do not compromise thermal comfort. Two models for retail stores were built and calibrated and validated against actual utility bills. Energy simulation results indicated that by lowering the ventilation rates from measured and minimum references would reduce natural gas energy use by estimated values of 6% to 19%. Also, this study found that the electrical cooling energy consumption was not significantly sensitive to different ventilation rates. However, increasing indoor air temperature by 3°C in summer had a significant effect on the energy savings. In winter, both energy savings strategies, ventilation reduction and decrease in set points, had a significant effect on natural gas consumption. Specially, when the indoor air temperature 21°C was decreased to 19.4°C with the same amount of ventilation rate of Molhaves guideline for both cases. Interestingly, the temperature of 23.8°C (75°F), which is the lowest value of ASHRAE 55 thermal comfort for sedentary people (cashiers) and the highest value for thermal comfort adjustments due to activity level (customers and workers) that are calculated by using empirical equation, was the optimum temperature for sedentary and active people in Retail store buildings.

Storage of H.sub.2 by absorption and/or mixture within a fluid medium

DOEpatents

Berry, Gene David; Aceves, Salvador Martin

2007-03-20

For the first time, a hydrogen storage method, apparatus and system having a fluid mixture is provided. At predetermined pressures and/or temperatures within a contained substantially fixed volume, the fluid mixture can store a high density of hydrogen molecules, wherein a predetermined phase of the fluid mixture is capable of being withdrawn from the substantially fixed volume for use as a vehicle fuel or energy storage having reduced and/or eliminated evaporative losses, especially where storage weight, vessel cost, vessel shape, safety, and energy efficiency are beneficial.

Pump Hydro Energy Storage systems (PHES) in groundwater flooded quarries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poulain, Angélique; de Dreuzy, Jean-Raynald; Goderniaux, Pascal

2018-04-01

Pump storage hydroelectricity is an efficient way to temporarily store energy. This technique requires to store temporarily a large volume of water in an upper reservoir, and to release it through turbines to the lower reservoir, to produce electricity. Recently, the idea of using old flooded quarries as a lower reservoir has been evoked. However, these flooded quarries are generally connected to unconfined aquifers. Consequently, pumping or injecting large volumes of water, within short time intervals, will have an impact on the adjacent aquifers. Conversely, water exchanges between the quarry and the aquifer may also influence the water level fluctuations in the lower reservoir. Using numerical modelling, this study investigates the interactions between generic flooded open pit quarries and adjacent unconfined aquifers, during various pump-storage cyclic stresses. The propagation of sinusoidal stresses in the adjacent porous media and the amplitude of water level fluctuations in the quarry are studied. Homogeneous rock media and the presence of fractures in the vicinity of the quarry are considered. Results show that hydrological quarry - rock interactions must be considered with caution, when implementing pump - storage systems. For rock media characterized by high hydraulic conductivity and porosity values, water volumes exchanges during cycles may affect significantly the amplitude of the water level fluctuations in the quarry, and as a consequence, the instantaneous electricity production. Regarding the impact of the pump - storage cyclic stresses on the surrounding environment, the distance of influence is potentially high under specific conditions, and is enhanced with the occurrence of rock heterogeneities, such as fractures. The impact around the quarry used as a lower reservoir thus appears as an important constraining factor regarding the feasibility of pump - storage systems, to be assessed carefully if groundwater level fluctuations around the quarry are expected to bring up adverse effects. Results highlight opportunities and challenges to be faced, to implement pump - storage hydroelectricity systems in old flooded open pit quarries.

The Gulf Long-Term Follow-Up Study (GuLF STUDY): Biospecimen collection at enrollment.

PubMed

Engel, Lawrence S; Kwok, Richard K; Miller, Aubrey K; Blair, Aaron; Curry, Matthew D; McGrath, John A; Sandler, Dale P

2017-01-01

The 2010 Deepwater Horizon (DWH) explosion in the Gulf of Mexico led to the largest ever marine oil spill by volume. The GuLF STUDY is investigating possible adverse human health effects associated with oil spill activities. One objective of the study was to utilize biological specimens from study participants to examine spill-related adverse health effects. This study describes the methods for collecting, processing, shipping, and storing specimens during the enrollment phase of the study. GuLF STUDY participants living in Gulf States (Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, and eastern Texas) were eligible to complete a home visit at enrollment, one to three years after the DWH explosion. During this visit, blood, urine, toenail and hair clippings, and house dust samples were collected. Specimens were shipped overnight to a central processing laboratory in containers with cold and ambient temperature compartments. Most blood and urine specimens were then aliquoted and stored in liquid nitrogen vapor or at -80°C, with some samples stored at -20°C. A total of 11,193 participants completed a home visit, and over 99% provided at least one biospecimen. Most participants provided blood (93%), urine (99%), and toenail clippings (89%), and 40% provided hair. Nearly all participants (95%) provided house-dust samples. Most samples were received by the laboratory one (58%) or two (25%) days after collection. These biospecimens enable investigation of a range of biomarkers of spill-related adverse health effects, and possibly some biomarkers of spill-related exposures. The biospecimen collection, handling, and storage protocols were designed to maximize current and future scientific value within logistical and budgetary constraints and might serve as a template for future studies conducted in similar time-critical and geographically dispersed settings.

Effect of fructo-oligosaccharide and isomalto-oligosaccharide addition on baking quality of frozen dough.

PubMed

Park, Eun Young; Jang, Sung-Bum; Lim, Seung-Taik

2016-12-15

The baking quality of frozen doughs containing different levels of fructo-oligosaccharides (FO) or isomalto-oligosaccharides (IMO) (3-9%, w/w flour), and stored for 0-8weeks at -18°C, was examined. The addition of FO or IMO increased the proof volume of the dough and the loaf volume of bread prepared from frozen dough. A 6% addition of FO or IMO was optimum, giving the highest proof volume and bread loaf volume, but a higher concentration than 6% induced low baking quality including lower proof volume and bread loaf volume. The bread crumb was moister and softer after the addition of FO or IMO before, and even after, frozen storage. Darker crumb colour was observed in the bread after the addition of FO or IMO. The oligosaccharides added to the frozen dough were effective in improving the quality of bread made from frozen dough, except for resulting in a darker bread crumb. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Aging dynamics in the polymer glass of poly(2-chlorostyrene): Dielectric susceptibility and volume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukao, Koji; Tahara, Daisuke

2009-11-01

Aging dynamics was investigated in the glassy states of poly(2-chlorostyrene) by measuring the complex electrical capacitance during aging below the glass transition temperature. The variations with time and temperature of the ac dielectric susceptibility and volume could be determined by simply measuring the variation in the complex electrical capacitance. Isothermal aging at a given temperature for several hours after an intermittent stop in constant-rate cooling is stored in the deviations of both the real and imaginary parts of the complex ac dielectric susceptibility and volume. During cooling after isothermal aging, the deviation of the ac dielectric susceptibility from the reference value decreases and almost vanishes at room temperature. By contrast, the deviation in volume induced during isothermal aging remains almost constant during cooling. The simultaneous measurement of ac dielectric susceptibility and volume clearly revealed that the ac dielectric susceptibility exhibits a full rejuvenation effect, whereas the volume does not show any rejuvenation effects. We discuss a plausible model that can reproduce the present experimental results.

Aneurysm coil embolization: cost per volumetric filling analysis and strategy for cost reduction.

PubMed

Wang, Charlie; Ching, Esteban Cheng; Hui, Ferdinand K

2016-05-01

One of the primary device expenditures associated with the endovascular treatment of aneurysms is that of detachable coils. Analyzing the cost efficiency of detachable coils is difficult, given the differences in design, implantable volume, and the presence of additives. However, applying a volume per cost metric may provide an index analogous to unit price found in grocery stores. The price information for 509 different coils belonging to 31 different coil lines, available as of September 2013, was obtained through the inventory management system at the study site, and normalized to the price of the least expensive coil. Values were used to calculate the logarithmic ratio of volume over cost. Operator choice among coil sizes can vary the material costs by five-fold in a hypothetical aneurysm. The difference in coil costs as a function of cost per volume of coil can vary tremendously. Using the present pricing algorithms, using the longest available length at a particular helical dimension and system yields improved efficiency. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Semi-volatile organic compounds in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning filter dust in retail stores.

PubMed

Xu, Y; Liang, Y; Urquidi, J R; Siegel, J A

2015-02-01

Retail stores contain a wide range of products that can emit a variety of indoor pollutants. Among these chemicals, phthalate esters and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are two important categories of semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs). Filters in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system collect particles from large volumes of air and thus potentially provide spatially and temporally integrated SVOC concentrations. This study measured six phthalate and 14 PBDE compounds in HVAC filter dust in 14 retail stores in Texas and Pennsylvania, United States. Phthalates and PBDEs were widely found in the HVAC filter dust in retail environment, indicating that they are ubiquitous indoor pollutants. The potential co-occurrence of phthalates and PBDEs was not strong, suggesting that their indoor sources are diverse. The levels of phthalates and PBDEs measured in HVAC filter dust are comparable to concentrations found in previous investigations of settled dust in residential buildings. Significant correlations between indoor air and filter dust concentrations were found for diethyl phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and benzyl butyl phthalate. Reasonable agreement between measurements and an equilibrium model to describe SVOC partitioning between dust and gas-phase is achieved. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Stability of an extemporaneous alcohol-free melatonin suspension.

PubMed

Johnson, Cary E; Cober, Mary Petrea; Thome, Tennille; Rouse, Emily

2011-03-01

The stability of alcohol-free oral suspensions of melatonin 1 mg/mL, extemporaneously prepared from two commercially available melatonin tablet products, was studied. Four 1-mg/mL melatonin suspensions were prepared. Formulations A and B contained 20 crushed 3-mg tablets of melatonin combined with a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus and either Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF to produce a volume of 60 mL. Formulations C and D were prepared by crushing 20 combination tablets containing melatonin 3 mg and pyridoxine hydrochloride 10 mg and then combining the powder with a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus and either Ora-Sweet or Ora-Sweet SF to produce a 60-mL volume. The suspensions were prepared in triplicate and stored at room temperature in amber plastic prescription bottles. Immediately after preparation and on days 7, 15, 30, 60, and 90, the samples were assayed in duplicate by stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The samples were also evaluated for any changes in color, odor, and taste. HPLC analysis demonstrated that at least 94% of the initial melatonin concentration in formulations A and B, and at least 98% of that in formulations C and D, remained throughout the 90-day study period. Detectable changes in color, odor, or taste occurred in all of the formulations. Extemporaneously prepared, alcohol-free, 1-mg/mL suspensions of melatonin and melatonin-pyridoxine hydrochloride in a 1:1 mixture of Ora-Plus and either Ora Sweet or Ora Sweet SF were stable for at least 90 days when stored in 2-oz amber plastic bottles at room temperature.

On virial analysis at low aspect ratio

DOE PAGES

Bongard, Michael W.; Barr, Jayson L.; Fonck, Raymond J.; ...

2016-07-28

The validity of virial analysis to infer global MHD equilibrium poloidal beta β p and internal inductance ℓ i from external magnetics measurements is examined for low aspect ratio configurations with A < 2. Numerical equilibrium studies at varied aspect ratio are utilized to validate the technique at finite aspect ratio. The effect of applying high-A approximations to low-A experimental data is quantified and demonstrates significant over-estimation of stored energy (factors of 2–10) in spherical tokamak geometry. Experimental approximations to equilibrium-dependent volume integral terms in the analysis are evaluated at low-A. Highly paramagnetic configurations are found to be inadequately representedmore » through the virial mean radius parameter R T. Alternate formulations for inferring β p and ℓ i that are independent of R T to avoid this difficulty are presented for the static isotropic limit. Lastly, these formulations are suitable for fast estimation of tokamak stored energy components at low aspect ratio using virial analysis.« less

Risks in the transport and storage of liquefied natural gas. Sub-project 5-2: Investigation into building damage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gouwens, C.; Dragosavic, M.

The large reserves and increasing use of natural gas as a source of energy have resulted in its storage and transport becoming an urgent problem. Since a liquid of the same mass occupies only a fraction of the volume of a gas, it is economical to store natural gas as a liquid. Liquefied natural gas is stored in insulated tanks and also carried by ship at a temperature of -160 C to 170 C. If a serious accident allows the LNG to escape, a gas cloud forms. The results of a possible explosion from such a gas cloud are studied. The development of a leak, escape and evaporation, size and propagation of the gas cloud, the explosive pressures to be expected and the results on the environment are investigated. Damage to buildings is examined making use of the preliminary conclusions of the other sub-projects and especially the explosive pressures.

US Household Food Shopping Patterns: Dynamic Shifts since 2000 and Socioeconomic Predictors

PubMed Central

Stern, Dalia; Robinson, Whitney R; Ng, Shu Wen; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Popkin, Barry M

2016-01-01

Under the assumption that differential food access might underlie nutritional disparities, programs and policies have focused on the need to build supermarkets in underserved areas, in an effort to improve dietary quality. However, there is limited evidence about which types of stores different income and race-ethnic households use. We used cross-sectional cluster analysis to derive shopping patterns from US households’ volume food purchases (Nielsen Homescan) by store from 2000–2012. Multinomial logistic regression identified household SES characteristics that were associated with shopping patterns in 2012. We found three shopping patterns: primary-grocery, primary-mass-merchandise, and combination cluster. In 2012, we found no income/race-ethnic differences for grocery cluster membership. However, low-income non-Hispanic blacks (vs. non-Hispanic whites) had a significantly lower probability of belonging to the mass-merchandise cluster. These varied shopping patterns must be considered in future policy initiatives. Further, it is important to continue studying the complex rationale for people’s food shopping patterns. PMID:26526241

Survey of Fashion Design Employers. Volume IX, No. 16.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aurand, Cecilia; Lucas, John A.

A survey was conducted to determine the availability of internship opportunities for fashion design students at Harper College and to measure the value of Harper design graduates to their employers. A sample of 279 manufacturers, contacts, and retail stores employing fashion designers were identified in the Chicago metropolitan area and after two…

Biophysical and financial impacts of community-based gully rehabilitation in the Birr Watershed, Upper Blue Nile Basin, Ethiopia

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Although erosion in the Ethiopian highlands has been occurring for thousands of years, rivers sediment concentration has increased two to three fold during the last fifty years, reducing crop and livestock production and the volume of irrigation water stored in reservoirs. Gully erosion in particula...

Effect of turning frequency and season on composting materials from swine high-rise facilities

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Composting of swine manure has several advantages, liquid slurries are converted to solid, the total volume of material is reduced and the stabilized product is more easily transported off-site. Despite this, swine waste is generally stored, treated and applied in its liquid form. The high-rise fini...

Sediment transport-storage relations for degrading, gravel bed channels

Treesearch

Thomas E. Lisle; Michael Church

2002-01-01

In a drainage network,sediment is transferred through a series of channel/valley segments (natural sediment storage reservoirs) that are distinguished from their neighbors by their particular capacity to store and transport sediment. We propose that the sediment transport capacity of each reservoir is a unique positive function of storage volume, which influences...

The Joy of Telecomputing: Everything You Need to Know about Going On-Line at Home.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pearlman, Dara

1984-01-01

Discusses advantages and pleasures of utilizing a personal computer at home to receive electronic mail; participate in online conferences, software exchanges, and game networks; do shopping and banking; and have access to databases storing volumes of information. Information sources for the services mentioned are included. (MBR)

Management of Contaminants Stored in Low Permeability Zones - A State of the Science Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

Tank  3:     Permanganate  ...................................................................................................  193...Treatment options explored include steady water flushing (control), enhance water flushing, flushing permanganate , a dechlorinating culture (KB1...Remediation Tank Experiments (OoM: Order of Magnitude. PV: Pore Volume) 2. Enhanced flushing (79 PVs after loading) 3. Permanganate (45 PVs

18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

18 CFR 157.214 - Increase in storage capacity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Increase in storage... Act for Certain Transactions and Abandonment § 157.214 Increase in storage capacity. (a) Prior notice... maximum volume of natural gas authorized to be stored in a storage field to the extent that geological...

Microscale Gas Chemistry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mattson, Bruce; Anderson, Michael P.

2011-01-01

The development of syringes having free movement while remaining gas-tight enabled methods in chemistry to be changed. Successfully containing and measuring volumes of gas without the need to trap them using liquids made it possible to work with smaller quantities. The invention of the LuerLok syringe cap also allowed the gas to be stored for a…

Evaluation of consumer drug information databases.

PubMed

Choi, J A; Sullivan, J; Pankaskie, M; Brufsky, J

1999-01-01

To evaluate prescription drug information contained in six consumer drug information databases available on CD-ROM, and to make health care professionals aware of the information provided, so that they may appropriately recommend these databases for use by their patients. Observational study of six consumer drug information databases: The Corner Drug Store, Home Medical Advisor, Mayo Clinic Family Pharmacist, Medical Drug Reference, Mosby's Medical Encyclopedia, and PharmAssist. Not applicable. Not applicable. Information on 20 frequently prescribed drugs was evaluated in each database. The databases were ranked using a point-scale system based on primary and secondary assessment criteria. For the primary assessment, 20 categories of information based on those included in the 1998 edition of the USP DI Volume II, Advice for the Patient: Drug Information in Lay Language were evaluated for each of the 20 drugs, and each database could earn up to 400 points (for example, 1 point was awarded if the database mentioned a drug's mechanism of action). For the secondary assessment, the inclusion of 8 additional features that could enhance the utility of the databases was evaluated (for example, 1 point was awarded if the database contained a picture of the drug), and each database could earn up to 8 points. The results of the primary and secondary assessments, listed in order of highest to lowest number of points earned, are as follows: Primary assessment--Mayo Clinic Family Pharmacist (379), Medical Drug Reference (251), PharmAssist (176), Home Medical Advisor (113.5), The Corner Drug Store (98), and Mosby's Medical Encyclopedia (18.5); secondary assessment--The Mayo Clinic Family Pharmacist (8), The Corner Drug Store (5), Mosby's Medical Encyclopedia (5), Home Medical Advisor (4), Medical Drug Reference (4), and PharmAssist (3). The Mayo Clinic Family Pharmacist was the most accurate and complete source of prescription drug information based on the USP DI Volume II and would be an appropriate database for health care professionals to recommend to patients.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hess, J. Richard; Lamers, Patrick; Roni, Mohammad S.

Logistical barrier are tied to feedstock harvesting, collection, storage and distribution. Current crop harvesting machinery is unable to selectively harvest preferred components of cellulosic biomass while maintaining acceptable levels of soil carbon and minimizing erosion. Actively managing biomass variability imposes additional functional requirements on biomass harvesting equipment. A physiological variation in biomass arises from differences in genetics, degree of crop maturity, geographical location, climatic events, and harvest methods. This variability presents significant cost and performance risks for bioenergy systems. Currently, processing standards and specifications for cellulosic feedstocks are not as well-developed as for mature commodities. Biomass that is stored withmore » high moisture content or exposed to moisture during storage is susceptible to spoilage, rotting, spontaneous combustion, and odor problems. Appropriate storage methods and strategies are needed to better define storage requirements to preserve the volume and quality of harvested biomass over time and maintain its conversion yield. Raw herbaceous biomass is costly to collect, handle, and transport because of its low density and fibrous nature. Existing conventional, bale-based handling equipment and facilities cannot cost-effectively deliver and store high volumes of biomass, even with improved handling techniques. Current handling and transportation systems designed for moving woodchips can be inefficient for bioenergy processes due to the costs and challenges of transporting, storing, and drying high-moisture biomass. The infrastructure for feedstock logistics has not been defined for the potential variety of locations, climates, feedstocks, storage methods, processing alternatives, etc., which will occur at a national scale. When setting up biomass fuel supply chains, for large-scale biomass systems, logistics are a pivotal part in the system. Various studies have shown that long-distance international transport by ship is feasible in terms of energy use and transportation costs, but availability of suitable vessels and meteorological conditions (e.g., winter time in Scandinavia and Russia) need to be considered. However, local transportation by truck (both in biomass exporting and importing countries) may be a high-cost factor, which can influence the overall energy balance and total biomass costs.« less

Volume hologram with random encoded reference beam for secure data encryption

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Markov, Vladimir B.; Weber, David C.; Trolinger, James D.

2000-04-01

A method is presented to store biometric and/or other important information on an ID card in the form of a Card Hologram that cannot be read or duplicated without the use of a special Key Hologram that is secured inside of an automated reader. The Key Hologram produces the unique wavefront required to release the information contained in a complex, 3D diffraction pattern recorded in a volume hologram attached to the card. Experimental results are presented in which the image of an Air Force resolution target are recorded and reconstructed in a volume material using a random speckle wavefront and that cannot be viewed using a simple wavefront such as a collimated or diverging laser beam.

Multiresolution Distance Volumes for Progressive Surface Compression

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Laney, D E; Bertram, M; Duchaineau, M A

2002-04-18

We present a surface compression method that stores surfaces as wavelet-compressed signed-distance volumes. Our approach enables the representation of surfaces with complex topology and arbitrary numbers of components within a single multiresolution data structure. This data structure elegantly handles topological modification at high compression rates. Our method does not require the costly and sometimes infeasible base mesh construction step required by subdivision surface approaches. We present several improvements over previous attempts at compressing signed-distance functions, including an 0(n) distance transform, a zero set initialization method for triangle meshes, and a specialized thresholding algorithm. We demonstrate the potential of sampled distancemore » volumes for surface compression and progressive reconstruction for complex high genus surfaces.« less

Long, paired A'A/Pahoehoe flows of Mauna Loa: Volcanological significance and insights they provide into volcano plumbing systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rowland, Scott K.; Walker, George P. L.

1987-01-01

The long lava flows of Mauna Loa, Hawaii have been cited as Earth's closed analogs to the large Martian flows. It is therefore important to understand the flow mechanics and characteristics of the Mauna Loa flows and to make use of these in an attempt to gain insights into Martian eruptive processes. Two fundamentally different kinds of long lava flows can be distinguished on Hawaiian volcanoes as in Martian flows. The two kinds may have identical initial viscosities, chemical compositions, flow lengths, and flow volumes, but their flow mechanisms and thermal energy budgets are radically different. One travels a distance set by the discharge rate as envisaged by Walker and Wadge, and the other travels a distance set mainly by the eruption duration and ground slope. In the Mauna Loa lavas, yield strength becomes an important flow morphology control only in the distal part of a'a lavas. The occurrence of paired flows on Mauna Loa yields insights into the internal plumbing systems of the volcano, and it is significant that all of the volume of the a'a flow must be stored in a magma chamber before eruption, while none of the volume of the pahoehoe needs to be so stored. Differentiation between the two kinds of flows on images of Martian volcanoes is possible and hence an improved understanding of these huge structures is acquired.

SU-F-P-35: A Multi-Institutional Plan Quality Checking Tool Built On Oncospace: A Shared Radiation Oncology Database System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowers, M; Robertson, S; Moore, J

Purpose: Late toxicity from radiation to critical structures limits the possible dose in Radiation Therapy. Perfectly conformal treatment of a target is not realizable, so the clinician must accept a certain level of collateral radiation to nearby OARs. But how much? General guidelines exist for healthy tissue sparing which guide RT treatment planning, but are these guidelines good enough to create the optimal plan given the individualized patient anatomy? We propose a means to evaluate the planned dose level to an OAR using a multi-institutional data-store of previously treated patients, so a clinician might reconsider planning objectives. Methods: The toolmore » is built on Oncospace, a federated data-store system, which consists of planning data import, web based analysis tools, and a database containing:1) DVHs: dose by percent volume delivered to each ROI for each patient previously treated and included in the database.2) Overlap Volume Histograms (OVHs): Anatomical measure defined as the percent volume of an ROI within a given distance to target structures.Clinicians know what OARs are important to spare. For any ROI, Oncospace knows for which patients’ anatomy that ROI was harder to plan in the past (the OVH is less). The planned dose should be close to the least dose of previous patients. The tool displays the dose those OARs were subjected to, and the clinician can make a determination about the planning objectives used.Multiple institutions contribute to the Oncospace Consortium, and their DVH and OVH data are combined and color coded in the output. Results: The Oncospace website provides a plan quality display tool which identifies harder to treat patients, and graphically displays the dose delivered to them for comparison with the proposed plan. Conclusion: The Oncospace Consortium manages a data-store of previously treated patients which can be used for quality checking new plans. Grant funding by Elekta.« less

Simulation of radiation effects on three-dimensional computer optical memories

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moscovitch, M.; Emfietzoglou, D.

1997-01-01

A model was developed to simulate the effects of heavy charged-particle (HCP) radiation on the information stored in three-dimensional computer optical memories. The model is based on (i) the HCP track radial dose distribution, (ii) the spatial and temporal distribution of temperature in the track, (iii) the matrix-specific radiation-induced changes that will affect the response, and (iv) the kinetics of transition of photochromic molecules from the colored to the colorless isomeric form (bit flip). It is shown that information stored in a volume of several nanometers radius around the particle's track axis may be lost. The magnitude of the effect is dependent on the particle's track structure.

Apparatus and method for detecting gamma radiation

DOEpatents

Sigg, Raymond A.

1994-01-01

A high efficiency radiation detector for measuring X-ray and gamma radiation from small-volume, low-activity liquid samples with an overall uncertainty better than 0.7% (one sigma SD). The radiation detector includes a hyperpure germanium well detector, a collimator, and a reference source. The well detector monitors gamma radiation emitted by the reference source and a radioactive isotope or isotopes in a sample source. The radiation from the reference source is collimated to avoid attenuation of reference source gamma radiation by the sample. Signals from the well detector are processed and stored, and the stored data is analyzed to determine the radioactive isotope(s) content of the sample. Minor self-attenuation corrections are calculated from chemical composition data.

West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve site brine-disposal monitoring, Year I report. Volume II. Physical and chemical oceanography. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeRouen, L.R.; Hann, R.W.; Casserly, D.M.

1983-02-01

This project centers around the Strategic Petroleum Site (SPR) known as the West Hackberry salt dome which is located in southwestern Louisiana, and which is designed to store 241 million barrels of crude oil. Oil storage caverns are formed by injecting water into salt deposits, and pumping out the resulting brine. Studies described in this report were designed as follow-on studies to three months of pre-discharge characterization work, and include data collected during the first year of brine leaching operations. The objectives were to: (1) characterize the environment in terms of physical, chemical and biological attributes; (2) determine if significantmore » adverse changes in ecosystem productivity and stability of the biological community are occurring as a result of brine discharge; and (3) determine the magnitude of any change observed. Contents of Volume II include: introduction; physical oceanography; estuarine hydrology and hydrography; analysis of discharge plume; and water and sediment quality.« less

Florida Red Tides, Manatee Brevetoxicosis, and Lung Models

PubMed Central

Kirkpatrick, Barbara; Colbert, Debborah E.; Dalpra, Dana; Newton, Elizabeth A. C.; Gaspard, Joseph; Littlefield, Brandi; Manire, Charles

2010-01-01

In 1996, 149 Florida manatees, Trichechus manatus latirostris, died along the southwest coast of Florida. Necropsy pathology results of these animals indicated that brevetoxin from the Florida red tide, Karenia brevis, caused their death. A red tide bloom had been previously documented in the area where these animals stranded. The necropsy data suggested the mortality occurred from chronic inhalation and/or ingestion. Inhalation theories include high doses of brevetoxin deposited/stored in the manatee lung or significant manatee sensitivity to the brevetoxin. Laboratory models of the manatee lungs can be constructed from casts of necropsied animals for further studies; however, it is necessary to define the breathing pattern in the manatee, specifically the volumes and flow rates per breath to estimate toxin deposition in the lung. To obtain this information, two captive-born Florida manatees, previously trained for husbandry and research behaviors, were trained to breathe into a plastic mask placed over their nares. The mask was connected to a spirometer that measured volumes and flows in situ. Results reveal high volumes, short inspiratory and expiratory times and high flow rates, all consistent with observed breathing patterns. PMID:26448968

Ram seminal plasma improves pregnancy rates in ewes cervically inseminated with ram semen stored at 5 °C for 24 hours.

PubMed

López-Pérez, A; Pérez-Clariget, R

2012-01-15

In this study, we compared pregnancy rates obtained using ram semen stored at 5 °C for 24 h, with ram or bull seminal plasma (SP) added to TRIS-egg yolk extender. During the breeding period, 670 adult Corriedale ewes were cervically inseminated with semen (2 × 10(8) sperm in a volume of 0.2 mL) from eight adult Corriedale rams. Ejaculates, obtained using an artificial vagina, were split into three aliquots and diluted with the following: TRIS-egg yolk based extender (T), T + 30% ram SP (R), or T + 30% bull SP (B). Samples were refrigerated and stored at 5 °C for 24 h until used for AI. Pregnancy was assessed by ultrasonography 35 to 40 d after AI. Pregnancy rate was not affected by ram (P = 0.77) or breeding period (P = 0.43), and there were no interactions between extender and ram (P = 0.94), or extender and breeding period (P = 0.24). However, there was an effect of extender (P = 0.0009) on pregnancy rates; ram SP, but not bull SP, increased pregnancy rates compared with extender without SP (49.7, 38.1, and 31.1%, for R, B, and T respectively). In conclusion, ram SP added to TRIS-egg yolk extender had a beneficial effect on the pregnancy rate of ram sperm stored at 5 °C for 24 h and used for cervical insemination of ewes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Liquidity crisis, granularity of the order book and price fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cristelli, M.; Alfi, V.; Pietronero, L.; Zaccaria, A.

2010-01-01

We introduce a microscopic model for the dynamics of the order book to study how the lack of liquidity influences price fluctuations. We use the average density of the stored orders (granularity g) as a proxy for liquidity. This leads to a Price Impact Surface which depends on both volume ω and g. The dependence on the volume (averaged over the granularity) of the Price Impact Surface is found to be a concave power law function <φ(ω,g)>g ˜ ωδ with δ ≈ 0.59. Instead the dependence on the granularity is φ(ω,g|ω) ˜ gα with α ≈ -1, showing a divergence of price fluctuations in the limit g → 0. Moreover, even in intermediate situations of finite liquidity, this effect can be very large and it is a natural candidate for understanding the origin of large price fluctuations.

Washing and caustic leaching of Hanford tank sludges: results of FY 1996 studies. Revision

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lumetta, G.J.; Rapko, B.M.; Wagner, M.J.

During the past few years, the primary mission at the US Department of Energy`s Hanford Site has changed from producing plutonium to restoring the environment. Large volumes of high-level radioactive wastes (HLW), generated during past Pu production and other operations, are stored in underground tanks on site. The current plan for remediating the Hanford tank farms consists of waste retrieval, pretreatment, treatment (immobilization), and disposal. The HLW will be immobilized in a borosilicate glass matrix and then disposed of in a geologic repository. Because of the expected high cost of HLW vitrification and geologic disposal, pretreatment processes will be implementedmore » to reduce the volume of borosilicate glass produced in disposing of the tank wastes. On this basis, a pretreatment plan is being developed. This report describes the sludge washing and caustic leaching test conducted to create a Hanford tank sludge pretreatment flowsheet.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heath, Jason E.; Bauer, Stephen J.; Broome, Scott Thomas

The Iowa Stored Energy Plant Agency selected a geologic structure at Dallas Center, Iowa, for evaluation of subsurface compressed air energy storage. The site was rejected due to lower-than-expected and heterogeneous permeability of the target reservoir, lower-than-desired porosity, and small reservoir volume. In an initial feasibility study, permeability and porosity distributions of flow units for the nearby Redfield gas storage field were applied as analogue values for numerical modeling of the Dallas Center Structure. These reservoir data, coupled with an optimistic reservoir volume, produced favorable results. However, it was determined that the Dallas Center Structure cannot be simplified to fourmore » zones of high, uniform permeabilities. Updated modeling using field and core data for the site provided unfavorable results for air fill-up. This report presents Sandia National Laboratories petrologic and petrophysical analysis of the Dallas Center Structure that aids in understanding why the site was not suitable for gas storage.« less

Unveiling CO2 heterogeneous freezing plumes during champagne cork popping.

PubMed

Liger-Belair, Gérard; Cordier, Daniel; Honvault, Jacques; Cilindre, Clara

2017-09-14

Cork popping from clear transparent bottles of champagne stored at different temperatures (namely, 6, 12, and 20 °C) was filmed through high-speed video imaging in the visible light spectrum. During the cork popping process, a plume mainly composed of gaseous CO 2 with traces of water vapour freely expands out of the bottleneck through ambient air. Most interestingly, for the bottles stored at 20 °C, the characteristic grey-white cloud of fog classically observed above the bottlenecks of champagne stored at lower temperatures simply disappeared. It is replaced by a more evanescent plume, surprisingly blue, starting from the bottleneck. We suggest that heterogeneous freezing of CO 2 occurs on ice water clusters homogeneously nucleated in the bottlenecks, depending on the saturation ratio experienced by gas-phase CO 2 after adiabatic expansion (indeed highly bottle temperature dependent). Moreover, and as observed for the bottles stored at 20 °C, we show that the freezing of only a small portion of all the available CO 2 is able to pump the energy released through adiabatic expansion, thus completely inhibiting the condensation of water vapour found in air packages adjacent to the gas volume gushing out of the bottleneck.

Control apparatus for hot gas engine

DOEpatents

Stotts, Robert E.

1986-01-01

A mean pressure power control system for a hot gas (Stirling) engine utilizing a plurality of supply tanks for storing a working gas at different pressures. During pump down operations gas is bled from the engine by a compressor having a plurality of independent pumping volumes. In one embodiment of the invention, a bypass control valve system allows one or more of the compressor volumes to be connected to the storage tanks. By selectively sequencing the bypass valves, a capacity range can be developed over the compressor that allows for lower engine idle pressures and more rapid pump down rates.

Water storage capacity of natural wetland depressions in the Devils Lake basin of North Dakota

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ludden, A.P.; Frink, D.L.; Johnson, D.H.

1983-01-01

Photogrammetric mapping techniques were used to derive the water storage capacities of natural wetland depressions other than lakes in the Devils Lake Basin of North Dakota. Results from sample quarter-section areas were expanded to the entire basin. Depressions in the Devils Lake Basin have a maximum storage capacity of nearly 811,000 cubic dekameters (657,000 acre-feet). The depressions store about 72 percent of the total runoff volume from a 2-year-frequency runoff and about 41 percent of the total runoff volume from a 100-year-frequency runoff.

Antioxidant capacity of fresh and stored breast milk: is -80°C optimal temperature for freeze storage?

PubMed

Sari, Fatma Nur; Akdag, Arzu; Dizdar, Evrim Alyamac; Uras, Nurdan; Erdeve, Omer; Erel, Ozcan; Dilmen, Ugur

2012-06-01

To determine total antioxidant capacity and total oxidation status in fresh and freeze stored (at -80°C) breast milk during the stages of lactation. Samples of colostrum, transitional and mature milk were collected from 44 healthy women at 3, 8 and 30 days after birth. The total milk volume collected (6 ml) was divided in two aliquot parts: 3 ml for the fresh analysis which was done immediately after the extraction and 3 ml for storage under freezing conditions at -80°C for two months. The antioxidant status and oxidative stress of the fresh and stored breast milk were assessed via determination of total antioxidant capacity and total oxidation status. Antioxidant capacity of transitional and mature milk decreased (p = 0.0001, p = 0.028, respectively); however, antioxidant capacity of colostrum did not change by storage at -80°C (p > 0.05). Total antioxidant capacity of fresh and stored breast milk significantly decreased during the stages of lactation (p < 0.0001, p = 0.028, respectively). Total oxidation status showed no significant difference in fresh and stored breast milk during the stages of lactation (p > 0.05). Freeze storage of breast milk at -80°C for two months seems not to be the optimal condition to preserve the antioxidant capacity of breast milk.

Proceedings of the NATO-Advanced Study Institute on Computer Aided Analysis of Rigid and Flexible Mechanical Systems Held in Troia, Portugal on 27 Jun-9 Jul, 1993. Volume 2. Contributed Papers

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-07-09

Calculate Oil and solve iteratively equation (18) for q and (l)-(S) forex . 4, Solve the velocity problemn through equation (19) to calculate q and (6)-(10) to...object.oriented models for the database to store the system information f1l. Using OOP on the formalism level is more difficult and a current field of...Multidimensional Physical Systems: Graph-theoretic Modeling, Systems and Cybernetics, vol 21 (1992), 5 .9-71 JV A RELATIONAL DATABASE FOR GENERAL

Apparatus and Methods for Fluid Storage and Delivery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parazynski, Scott E. (Inventor); Bue, Grant C. (Inventor); Urban, Kase C. (Inventor); Schaefbauer, Mark E. (Inventor)

2014-01-01

An apparatus and method for storing and delivering fluid to a person comprises, in at least one specific embodiment, a fluid reservoir having an internal volume therein with an opening disposed through a first wall or a second wall of the fluid reservoir and located toward a first end of the fluid reservoir. A first portion of a tube can be exterior to the fluid reservoir and a second portion of the tube can be disposed through the opening and within the internal volume. At least one insulation layer can be disposed about the exterior of the first wall of the fluid reservoir. The second wall of the fluid reservoir can be configured for transferring heat from or to the internal volume or from the person. At least one baffle is disposed within the internal volume and connected to the first wall and the second wall of the fluid reservoir.

Sperm removal during copulation confirmed in the oldest extant damselfly, Hemiphlebia mirabilis

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Postcopulatory sexual selection may favour mechanisms to reduce sperm competition, like physical sperm removal by males. To investigate the origin of sperm removal, I studied the reproductive behaviour and mechanisms of sperm competition in the only living member of the oldest damselfly family, Hemiphlebia mirabilis, one species that was considered extinct in the 1980s. This species displays scramble competition behaviour. Males search for females with short flights and both sexes exhibit a conspicuous “abdominal flicking”. This behaviour is used by males during an elaborate precopulatory courtship, unique among Odonata. Females use a similar display to reject male attempts to form tandem, but eventually signal receptivity by a particular body position. Males immobilise females during courtship using their legs, which, contrarily to other damselflies, never autotomise. Copulation is short (range 4.1–18.7 min), and occurs in two sequential stages. In the first stage, males remove part of the stored sperm, and inseminate during the second stage, at the end of mating. The male genital ligula matches the size and form of female genitalia, and ends by two horns covered by back-oriented spines. The volume of sperm in females before copulation was 2.7 times larger than the volume stored in females whose copulation was interrupted at the end of stage I, indicative of a significant sperm removal. These results point out that sperm removal is an old character in the evolution of odonates, possibly dating back to the Permian. PMID:27257552

Teledermatology in the United States: An Update in a Dynamic Era.

PubMed

Yim, Kaitlyn M; Florek, Aleksandra G; Oh, Dennis H; McKoy, Karen; Armstrong, April W

2018-01-22

Teledermatology is rapidly advancing in the United States. The last comprehensive survey of U.S. teledermatology programs was conducted in 2011. This article provides an update regarding the state of teledermatology programs in the United States. Active programs were identified and surveyed from November 2014 to January 2017. Findings regarding practice settings, consult volumes, payment methods, and delivery modalities were compared to those from the 2011 survey. Findings from the Veterans Affairs (VA) were reported as an aggregate. There were 40 active nongovernmental programs, amounting to a 48% increase and 30% discontinuation rate over five years. Academia remained the most common practice setting (50%). Median annual consultation volume was comparable with 263 consultations, but maximum annual consultation volume increased (range: 20-20,000). The most frequent payment method was self-pay (53%). Store-and-forward continued to be the most common delivery modality. In Fiscal Year 2016, the VA System consisted of 62 consultation sites and performed a total of 101,507 consultations. The limitations of this study were that consult volume and payment methods were not available from all programs. U.S. teledermatology programs have increased in number and annual consultation volume. Academia is the most prevalent practice setting, and self-pay is the dominant accepted payment method. Innovative platforms and the provision of direct-to-patient care are changing the practice of teledermatology.

Forest environmental investments and implications for climate change mitigation.

Treesearch

Ralph J. Alig; Lucas S. Bair

2006-01-01

Forest environmental conditions are affected by climate change, but investments in forest environmental quality can be used as part of the climate change mitigation strategy. A key question involving the potential use of forests to store more carbon as part of climate change mitigation is the impact of forest investments on the timing and quantity of forest volumes...

Spill Prevention Control and Countermeasure Plan, Headquarters, U.S. Army Garrison, Fort Ritchie, Maryland

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

additive (55 gal) - paint (180 gal total) - algicide (55 gal) - sodium bisulfite - lube oil (200 gal) - ethylene glycol (55 gal) - detergent (30 gal...I 2.6.1 Storage Hazardous materials stored in Building 601 include:I * 55 gal of fuel additive, • 180 gal total volume of paint, * 55 gal of algicide

76 FR 20721 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541) AGENCY: National Science Foundation. ACTION: Notice of permit... physiology of penguins in at least two ways. First, the respiratory oxygen store is estimated to comprise one... volume is a potential mechanism for prevention of pulmonary barotrauma (``lung squeeze''). Yet the...

Aircraft/Stores Compatibility Symposium Proceedings, Held at Arlington, Virginia on 2-4 September 1975. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-01-01

initialization. The switching section must switch high bandwidth analog signrtls (i.e., video ) and route certain hardwired functions. These functions are...tenwfltlon of the tfeCxiCI,& and w*c interface rfqmuied fit. mate the Pedo -Recruit with the F,4J aka 770 b. Analysis and wind tunnel verification of

Toxic Substances Registry System: Index of Material Safety Data Sheets. Volume 1; Manufacturer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

The April 1998 revision of the Index of Materials Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) for the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Toxic Substances Registry System (TSRS) is presented. The MSDS lists toxic substances by manufacturer, trade name, stock number, and distributor. The index provides information on hazards, use, and chemical composition of materials stored at KSC.

Mechanisms of carbon storage in mountainous headwater rivers

Treesearch

Ellen Wohl; Kathleen Dwire; Nicholas Sutfin; Lina Polvi; Roberto Bazan

2012-01-01

Published research emphasizes rapid downstream export of terrestrial carbon from mountainous headwater rivers, but little work focuses on mechanisms that create carbon storage along these rivers, or on the volume of carbon storage. Here we estimate organic carbon stored in diverse valley types of headwater rivers in Rocky Mountain National Park, CO, USA. We show that...

30 CFR 715.18 - Dams constructed of or impounding waste material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... point on the embankment crest and the maximum water elevation shall be at least 3 feet to avoid... facility to be evacuated by spillways or decants of 90 percent of the volume of water stored during the..., existing storage capacity of impounding structures, any fires occurring in the material over the past year...

Planning Economic Activities to Support Counterinsurgency Objectives. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

57 James Warden, “Agricultural Development Team Working to Boost Afghanistan’s Crop Yield .” Re- printed in Afghanistan...Province 109 Make Move Store Spend Agriculture (46%) How: Labor intensive, dirt farming via drip irrigation systems(e.g., wheat, maize , alfalfa...DTO altered its operations and resolved the gap in leadership. 157 Baram Chah is an Afghanistan

Improved water quality and reduction of odorous compounds in anaerobic lagoon columns receiving pre-treated pig wastewater

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Large volumes of wastewater from confined pig production are stored in anaerobic lagoons. Control methods are needed to reduce air pollution by foul odors released from these lagoons. In a pilot-scale experiment, we evaluated the effect of pig wastewater pre-treatment on reducing the concentration o...

Quantitative measurement of channel-block hydraulic interactions by experimental saturation of a large, natural, fissured rock mass.

PubMed

Guglielmi, Y; Mudry, J

2001-01-01

The hydrodynamic behavior of fissured media relies on the relationships between a few very conductive fractures (channels) and the remaining low-conductivity fractures and matrix (blocks). We made a quantitative measurement of those relationships and their effect on water drainage and storage in a 19,000 m3 natural reservoir consisting of karstified limestones. This reservoir was artificially saturated with water by closing a water gate on the main outlet during a varying time (delta t) fixed by the operator. The water gate was completely or partly closed until the water pressure reached a particular specified value. If the water gate was left completely closed long enough, the water pressure was fixed by the elevation of temporary outlets at the site boundaries. The water elevation within the reservoir was monitored by means of pressure cells located on single fractures representative of the bedding plane and the two families of fractures of the massif network. The comparison of pressure variations with the network geometry allows us to identify a typical double permeability characterized by a few very conductive channels along 10 vertical faults. These channels limit blocks consisting of low-conductivity bedding planes and a rather impervious matrix. Depending on the closure interval, delta t, of the water gate, the total volume of water stored in the reservoir can vary from 0.8 m3 (delta t = 5 minutes) to 18.6 m3 (delta t = 2 days). Such a variance of storage versus closure time is explained by the reservoir's double permeability that is characterized by blocks that saturate much more slowly than channels. If plotted versus time, this injected volume fits a power relationship, according to the saturation state of the blocks. In less than 34 minutes, storage is close to zero in the blocks and to 1.6 to 2 m3 in the channels. For closing times shorter than 1 hour, only 1% of the volume that flows in the channels is stored into the blocks. Depending on the water pressure and for a given delta t = 3000 minutes, the volume of water stored is controlled by the geometry of the joint network and of the aquifer boundaries. Such an experiment shows that the flow is concentrated in about 10% of the fractured network (channels). The water storage that takes place in the 90% remaining fractures (blocks) depends mainly on time during which pressure remains high into the 10% channels. The accurate modeling of such typical double-permeability media needs a careful study of the geometry of the channels whose narrowings modify the flow and induce dam effects that maintain a high pressure gradient with surrounding blocks.

Materials Based on Antimony and Bismuth for Sodium Storage: A Review.

PubMed

Li, Xinyan; Ni, Jiangfeng; Savilov, S V; Li, Liang

2018-06-06

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) that efficiently store electricity into chemical energy have been extensively pursued because of their great potential for low-cost and large-scale stationary application such as smart grid and renewable energy. Successful deployment of SIBs requires efficient anode materials that could store Na+ ions via a reversible way at reasonable rates. Materials based on antimony and bismuth are capable of storing a high-concentration of Na+ ions via a reversible alloying reaction at suitable redox potentials, and thus havedrawn substantial attention. However, these electrode materials are facing significant technical challenges, such as poor conductivity, multiple phase transformation, and severe volume swelling and shrinking, which make efficient materials design a necessity. In this review, we will give a latest overview of research progress in the design and application of electrode materials based on antimony and bismuth, and offer some value insights into their future development in sodium storage. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Growth Inhibition Test for Identification of Mycoplasma Species Utilizing Dried Antiserum-Impregnated Paper Discs

PubMed Central

Stanbridge, Eric; Hayflick, Leonard

1967-01-01

The growth inhibition test for identifying Mycoplasma species has been modified by drying antibody-impregnated paper discs at 5 C. When stored at −20 C, these discs have been found to retain their inhibitory activity for longer than 7 months. Since these discs can be stored for long period of time, significant advantages over present methods result. When, for example, discs are arranged on a ring, a single test can be used for the identification of an unknown human species. Valuable antisera can be distributed to other laboratories on paper discs in much less volume than can fluid antiserum. Considerable savings of time result from prior preparation of many discs that can then be stored and used over a long period of time. The growth-inhibiting antibody is stable, and the activity is not enhanced by a heat-labile accessory factor from fresh guinea pig serum which increases the antibody titer in the metabolic inhibition test. Images PMID:5340308

Estimating Water Storage Capacity of Existing and Potentially Restorable Wetland Depressions in a Subbasin of the Red River of the North

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gleason, Robert A.; Tangen, Brian A.; Laubhan, Murray K.; Kermes, Kevin E.; Euliss, Ned H.

2007-01-01

Executive Summary Concern over flooding along rivers in the Prairie Pothole Region has stimulated interest in developing spatially distributed hydrologic models to simulate the effects of wetland water storage on peak river flows. Such models require spatial data on the storage volume and interception area of existing and restorable wetlands in the watershed of interest. In most cases, information on these model inputs is lacking because resolution of existing topographic maps is inadequate to estimate volume and areas of existing and restorable wetlands. Consequently, most studies have relied on wetland area to volume or interception area relationships to estimate wetland basin storage characteristics by using available surface area data obtained as a product from remotely sensed data (e.g., National Wetlands Inventory). Though application of areal input data to estimate volume and interception areas is widely used, a drawback is that there is little information available to provide guidance regarding the application, limitations, and biases associated with such approaches. Another limitation of previous modeling efforts is that water stored by wetlands within a watershed is treated as a simple lump storage component that is filled prior to routing overflow to a pour point or gaging station. This approach does not account for dynamic wetland processes that influence water stored in prairie wetlands. Further, most models have not considered the influence of human-induced hydrologic changes, such as land use, that greatly influence quantity of surface water inputs and, ultimately, the rate that a wetland basin fills and spills. The goals of this study were to (1) develop and improve methodologies for estimating and spatially depicting wetland storage volumes and interceptions areas and (2) develop models and approaches for estimating/simulating the water storage capacity of potentially restorable and existing wetlands under various restoration, land use, and climatic scenarios. To address these goals, we developed models and approaches to spatially represent storage volumes and interception areas of existing and potentially restorable wetlands in the upper Mustinka subbasin within Grant County, Minn. We then developed and applied a model to simulate wetland water storage increases that would result from restoring 25 and 50 percent of the farmed and drained wetlands in the upper Mustinka subbasin. The model simulations were performed during the growing season (May-October) for relatively wet (1993; 0.79 m of precipitation) and dry (1987; 0.40 m of precipitation) years. Results from the simulations indicated that the 25 percent restoration scenario would increase water storage by 21-24 percent and that a 50 percent scenario would increase storage by 34-38 percent. Additionally, we estimated that wetlands in the subbasin have potential to store 11.57-20.98 percent of the total precipitation that fell over the entire subbasin area (52,758 ha). Our simulation results indicated that there is considerable potential to enhance water storage in the subbasin; however, evaluation and calibration of the model is necessary before simulation results can be applied to management and planning decisions. In this report we present guidance for the development and application of models (e.g., surface area-volume predictive models, hydrology simulation model) to simulate wetland water storage to provide a basis from which to understand and predict the effects of natural or human-induced hydrologic alterations. In developing these approaches, we tried to use simple and widely available input data to simulate wetland hydrology and predict wetland water storage for a specific precipitation event or a series of events. Further, the hydrology simulation model accounted for land use and soil type, which influence surface water inputs to wetlands. Although information presented in this report is specific to the Mustinka subbasin, the approaches

MIS High-Purity Plutonium Oxide Hydride Product 5501579 (SSR124): Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Veirs, Douglas Kirk; Stroud, Mary Ann; Berg, John M.

A high-purity plutonium dioxide material from the Material Identification and Surveillance (MIS) Program inventory has been studied with regard to gas generation and corrosion in a storage environment. Sample 5501579 represents process plutonium oxides from hydride oxide from Rocky Flats that are currently stored in 3013 containers. After calcination to 950°C, the material contained 87.42% plutonium with no major impurities. This study followed over time, the gas pressure of a sample with nominally 0.5 wt% water in a sealed container with an internal volume scaled to 1/500th of the volume of a 3013 container. Gas compositions were measured periodically overmore » a six year period. The maximum observed gas pressure was 124 kPa. The increase over the initial pressure of 70 kPa was primarily due to generation of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas. Hydrogen and oxygen were minor components of the headspace gas. At the completion of the study, the internal components of the sealed container showed signs of corrosion.« less

Building Bigger, Better Instruments with Dry Cryostats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benford, Dominic J.; Voellmer, George

2010-01-01

The cylindrical instrument volume allowable n SOFIA is large, comprising perhaps 400 liters at 4K. However, the cryogen accommodation to enable this environment consumes roughly 20% of the volume, and worsens rues, airworthiness/safety, and handling/operation, Present-day pulse tube coolers have negligible cold volumes, provide adequate cooling powers, and reach colder temperatures than stored cryogen. In addition, they permit safer, more reliable, lower maintenance instrument operation. While the advantages of dry cryostats are well-known and commonly used in labs and ground-based astronomical facilities, SOFIA would require some charges in accommodations to permit a pulse tube cooler to operate on board, Whil e these changes are not negligible, we present our investigation into the feasibility and desirability of making SOFIA a dry cryostat-capable observatory

First measurement of the neutron beta asymmetry with ultracold neutrons.

PubMed

Pattie, R W; Anaya, J; Back, H O; Boissevain, J G; Bowles, T J; Broussard, L J; Carr, R; Clark, D J; Currie, S; Du, S; Filippone, B W; Geltenbort, P; García, A; Hawari, A; Hickerson, K P; Hill, R; Hino, M; Hoedl, S A; Hogan, G E; Holley, A T; Ito, T M; Kawai, T; Kirch, K; Kitagaki, S; Lamoreaux, S K; Liu, C-Y; Liu, J; Makela, M; Mammei, R R; Martin, J W; Melconian, D; Meier, N; Mendenhall, M P; Morris, C L; Mortensen, R; Pichlmaier, A; Pitt, M L; Plaster, B; Ramsey, J C; Rios, R; Sabourov, K; Sallaska, A L; Saunders, A; Schmid, R; Seestrom, S; Servicky, C; Sjue, S K L; Smith, D; Sondheim, W E; Tatar, E; Teasdale, W; Terai, C; Tipton, B; Utsuro, M; Vogelaar, R B; Wehring, B W; Xu, Y P; Young, A R; Yuan, J

2009-01-09

We report the first measurement of an angular correlation parameter in neutron beta decay using polarized ultracold neutrons (UCN). We utilize UCN with energies below about 200 neV, which we guide and store for approximately 30 s in a Cu decay volume. The interaction of the neutron magnetic dipole moment with a static 7 T field external to the decay volume provides a 420 neV potential energy barrier to the spin state parallel to the field, polarizing the UCN before they pass through an adiabatic fast passage spin flipper and enter a decay volume, situated within a 1 T field in a 2x2pi solenoidal spectrometer. We determine a value for the beta-asymmetry parameter A_{0}=-0.1138+/-0.0046+/-0.0021.

Probing the Structure, Stability and Hydrogen Adsorption of Lithium Functionalized Isoreticular MOF-5 (Fe, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn) by Density Functional Theory

PubMed Central

Venkataramanan, Natarajan Sathiyamoorthy; Sahara, Ryoji; Mizuseki, Hiroshi; Kawazoe, Yoshiyuki

2009-01-01

Li adsorption on isoreticular MOFs with metal Fe, Cu, Co, Ni and Zn was studied using density function theory. Li functionalization shows a considerable structural change associated with a volume change in isoreticular MOF-5 except for the Zn metal center. Hydrogen binding energies on Li functionalized MOFs are seen to be in the range of 0.2 eV, which is the desired value for an ideal reversible storage system. This study has clearly shown that Li doping is possible only in Zn-based MOF-5, which would be better candidate to reversibly store hydrogen. PMID:19468328

The chemical stability and sterility of sodium thiopental after preparation.

PubMed

Haws, J L; Herman, N; Clark, Y; Bjoraker, R; Jones, D

1998-01-01

Manufacturer's instructions recommend discarding unused portions of sodium thiopental 24 h after reconstitution. Heeding this recommendation may result in the disposal of a large proportion of prepared thiopental. Although thiopental is relatively inexpensive, the volume prepared by many anesthesia departments could make this waste significant. To address this possibility, we investigated the chemical stability and sterility of thiopental in pharmacy-prepared, prefilled syringes. Stock solutions of thiopental were mixed and drawn into syringes under sterile conditions by pharmacists or pharmacy assistants. Fifty-six samples were stored under refrigeration (3 degrees C); the remaining 56 samples were stored at room temperature (22 degrees C). Each day for 7 days, eight samples from each group were analyzed by using high-performance liquid chromatography for chemical stability and cultured for microbiological colonization. Differences in thiopental concentration between the room temperature and the refrigerated samples were measured over time by using repeated-measures analysis of variance (P < or = 0.05). Three positive culture samples (S. epidermidis and S. hemolyticus) most likely represent laboratory contamination and not colonization. At 22 degrees C, thiopental remains stable and sterile for 6 days and well beyond 7 days at 3 degrees C. This study examines the shelf life of the anesthetic drug thiopental in pharmacy-filled syringes stored at either room temperature or under refrigeration. The results justify the use of prepared solutions beyond the package insert recommendation of 24 h.

Serum ferritin, hematocrit and mean corpuscular volume in hemodialysis.

PubMed

Goldwasser, P; Koutelos, T; Abraham, S; Avram, M M

1994-01-01

Prior to beginning to administration erythropoietin (EPO) in 1989, we examined the relationships of hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), and serum ferritin (FER) in one group of hemodialysis patients (group A, n = 117) and replicated the findings in a second group (group B, n = 73). The groups had similar mean (+/- SD) HCT (A: 25.7 +/- 5.3%; B: 25.2 +/- 5.1%), MCV (A: 83.3 +/- 6.5 fl; B: 83.5 +/- 7.5 fl) and FER (A: 607 +/- 1446 micrograms/l; B: 374 +/- 601 micrograms/l). For group A, iron stores [log (FER)] correlated inversely with HCT (r = -0.44, p < 10(-4)) and directly with MCV (r = 0.32, p < 10(-3)). After dividing group A into octiles by the FER level, the lowest octile (mean FER 17.8 +/- 6.2 micrograms/l) had the highest mean HCT (29.5 +/- 6.4%) and lowest mean MCV (80.8 +/- 7.1 fl), while the highest octile (mean FER 3,312 +/- 3,005 micrograms/l) had the lowest mean HCT (21.9 +/- 2.8%) and the second-highest mean MCV (86.4 +/- 4.9 fl). The trends were similar in group B. We conclude that increased erythropoiesis appeared to cause or, at least, unmask iron deficiency in HD patients even prior to the advent of EPO therapy. Variations in the level of erythropoiesis among these patients (presumably due to variation in EPO levels, chronic inflammation) strongly influenced the determinants of iron stores (i.e., marrow utilization of iron, transfusion need); iron stores, in turn, influenced MCV.

Evaluating the intra- and interobserver reliability of three-dimensional ultrasound and power Doppler angiography (3D-PDA) for assessment of placental volume and vascularity in the second trimester of pregnancy.

PubMed

Jones, Nia W; Raine-Fenning, Nick J; Mousa, Hatem A; Bradley, Eileen; Bugg, George J

2011-03-01

Three-dimensional (3-D) power Doppler angiography (3-D-PDA) allows visualisation of Doppler signals within the placenta and their quantification is possible by the generation of vascular indices by the 4-D View software programme. This study aimed to investigate intra- and interobserver reproducibility of 3-D-PDA analysis of stored datasets at varying gestations with the ultimate goal being to develop a tool for predicting placental dysfunction. Women with an uncomplicated, viable singleton pregnancy were scanned at 12, 16 or 20 weeks gestational age groups. 3-D-PDA datasets acquired of the whole placenta were analysed using the VOCAL software processing tool. Each volume was analysed by three observers twice in the A plane. Intra- and interobserver reliability was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland Altman plots. At each gestational age group, 20 low risk women were scanned resulting in 60 datasets in total. The ICC demonstrated a high level of measurement reliability at each gestation with intraobserver values >0.90 and interobserver values of >0.6 for the vascular indices. Bland Altman plots also showed high levels of agreement. Systematic bias was seen at 20 weeks in the vascular indices obtained by different observers. This study demonstrates that 3-D-PDA data can be measured reliably by different observers from stored datasets up to 18 weeks gestation. Measurements become less reliable as gestation advances with bias between observers evident at 20 weeks. Copyright © 2011 World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Apparatus and method for detecting gamma radiation

DOEpatents

Sigg, R.A.

1994-12-13

A high efficiency radiation detector is disclosed for measuring X-ray and gamma radiation from small-volume, low-activity liquid samples with an overall uncertainty better than 0.7% (one sigma SD). The radiation detector includes a hyperpure germanium well detector, a collimator, and a reference source. The well detector monitors gamma radiation emitted by the reference source and a radioactive isotope or isotopes in a sample source. The radiation from the reference source is collimated to avoid attenuation of reference source gamma radiation by the sample. Signals from the well detector are processed and stored, and the stored data is analyzed to determine the radioactive isotope(s) content of the sample. Minor self-attenuation corrections are calculated from chemical composition data. 4 figures.

Development of thermal energy storage units for spacecraft cryogenic coolers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richter, R.; Mahefkey, E. T.

1980-01-01

Thermal Energy Storage Units were developed for storing thermal energy required for operating Vuilleumier cryogenic space coolers. In the course of the development work the thermal characteristics of thermal energy storage material was investigated. By three distinctly different methods it was established that ternary salts did not release fusion energy as determined by ideality at the melting point of the eutectic salt. Phase change energy was released over a relatively wide range of temperature with a large change in volume. This strongly affects the amount of thermal energy that is available to the Vuilleumier cryogenic cooler at its operating temperature range and the amount of thermal energy that can be stored and released during a single storage cycle.

Unit-Dose Bags For Formulating Intravenous Solutions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Finley, Mike; Kipp, Jim; Scharf, Mike; Packard, Jeff; Owens, Jim

1993-01-01

Smaller unit-dose flowthrough bags devised for use with large-volume parenteral (LVP) bags in preparing sterile intravenous solutions. Premeasured amount of solute stored in such unit-dose bag flushed by predetermined amount of water into LVP bag. Relatively small number of LVP bags used in conjunction with smaller unit-dose bags to formulate large number of LVP intravenous solutions in nonsterile environment.

Addressing Information Proliferation: Applications of Information Extraction and Text Mining

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Jingjing

2013-01-01

The advent of the Internet and the ever-increasing capacity of storage media have made it easy to store, deliver, and share enormous volumes of data, leading to a proliferation of information on the Web, in online libraries, on news wires, and almost everywhere in our daily lives. Since our ability to process and absorb this information remains…

Big Data and Knowledge Management: A Possible Course to Combine Them Together

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hijazi, Sam

2017-01-01

Big data (BD) is the buzz phrase these days. Everyone is talking about its potential, its volume, its variety, and its velocity. Knowledge management (KM) has been around since the mid-1990s. The goals of KM have been to collect, store, categorize, mine, and process data into knowledge. The methods of knowledge acquisition varied from…

Cyber Compendium, Professional Continuing Education Course Papers. Volume 2, Issue 1, Spring 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

250,000 mobile devices.23 Cutting just 20% of this infrastructure would translate to a potential savings of over $7 Billion per year. Air...BYOD device extends beyond the device itself. There is the supporting infrastructure such as the Mobile Application Store (MAS), which provides access...96 Prioritizing Cyber Capabilities: to Protect U.S. Critical Infrastructure

The Document Explosion in the World of Big Data--Curriculum Considerations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Michelle; Murphy, Diane

2014-01-01

Within the context of "big data", there is an increasing focus on the source of the large volumes of data now stored electronically. The greatest portion of this data is unstructured and comes from a variety of sources in a variety of formats, much of which does not conform to a consistent data model. As business and government…

Utilization of the Southern Pines - Volume 2

Treesearch

Peter Koch

1972-01-01

Prior to World War II, southern pine logs were commonly protected against stain and decay by storing them in ponds. While in the water, only the exposed portion of each log-that part floating above the surface suffered fungal infection. Safe storage time in the pond could be extended by periodically revolving each log to hold its light side immersed. The difficulty in...

How much e-waste is there in US basements and attics? Results from a national survey.

PubMed

Saphores, Jean-Daniel M; Nixon, Hilary; Ogunseitan, Oladele A; Shapiro, Andrew A

2009-08-01

The fate of used electronic products (e-waste) is of increasing concern because of their toxicity and the growing volume of e-waste. Addressing these concerns requires developing the recycling infrastructure, but good estimates of the volume of e-waste stored by US households are still unavailable. In this context, we make two contributions based on a national random survey of 2136 US households. First, we explain how much e-waste is stored by US households using count models. Significant explanatory variables include age, marital and employment status, ethnicity, household size, previous e-waste recycling behavior, and to some extent education, home ownership, and understanding the consequences of recycling, but neither income nor knowledge of e-waste recycling laws. Second, we estimate that on average, each US household has 4.1 small (

Response of the Extract-Release Volume and Water-Holding Capacity Phenomena to Microbiologically Spoiled Beef and Aged Beef

PubMed Central

Jay, James M.

1966-01-01

The aging of ground beef was effected by storing in gas-impermeable, sterile plastic bags with incubation at 7 and 15 C. Control meat from the same preparations was wrapped in aluminum foil and stored at the same temperature. In three experiments where control meat was tested, aged meat did not attain a log bacterial number of ca. 8.4 per gram until an average of 6 days after this level was reached in control meats. This degree of difference was shown in values for both extract-release volume (ERV) and water-holding capacity. The previously reported ERV value of around 25, which was found to correspond to an average log bacterial number of ca. 8.5 per gram for ground beef allowed to spoil in aluminum foil and freezer paper, was approximated for aged meats, which required an average of 9.7 days to attain this number compared with 4.1 days for unaged meats. Plate count methods indicated the predominant flora of aged beef to be gram-negative, facultatively psychrophilic rods. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:5927019

Submarine melting from repeat UAV surveys of icebergs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hubbard, A., II; Ryan, J.; Smith, L. C.; Hamilton, G. S.

2017-12-01

Greenland's tidewater glaciers are a primary contributor to global sea-level rise, yet their future trajectory remains uncertain due to their non-linear response to oceanic forcing: particularly with respect to rapid submarine melting and under-cutting of their calving fronts. To improve understanding of ice-ocean interactions, we conducted repeat unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) surveys across the terminus of Store Glacier and its adjacent fjord between May and June 2014. The derived imagery provides insight into frontal plume dynamics and the changing freeboard volume of icebergs in the fjord as they ablate. Following the methodology of Enderlin and Hamilton (2014), by differencing iceberg freeboard volume, we constrain submarine melt rates adjacent to the calving front. We find that plume and submarine melt rates are critical to mass loss variability across the calving front. Although the frontal ablation of Store Glacier is dominated by large mechanical calving events, the undercutting induced by the meltwater plume increases the frequency of calving and initiates frontal retreat. We conclude that even small increases in submarine melting due to changes in the meltwater plume duration and/or circulation patterns can have important consequences for frontal mass loss from large outlet glaciers draining the Greenland ice sheet.

A Fully Automated Supraglacial lake area and volume Tracking ("FAST") algorithm: development and application using MODIS imagery of West Greenland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williamson, Andrew; Arnold, Neil; Banwell, Alison; Willis, Ian

2017-04-01

Supraglacial lakes (SGLs) on the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS) influence ice dynamics if draining rapidly by hydrofracture, which can occur in under 24 hours. MODerate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data are often used to investigate SGLs, including calculating SGL area changes through time, but no existing work presents a method that tracks changes in individual (and total) SGL volume in MODIS imagery over a melt season. Here, we present such a method. First, we tested three automated approaches to derive SGL areas from MODIS imagery by comparing calculated areas for the Paakitsoq and Store Glacier regions in West Greenland with areas derived from Landsat-8 (LS8) images. Second, we applied a physically-based depth-calculation algorithm to the pixels within the SGL boundaries from the best performing method, and validated the resultant depths with those calculated using the same method applied to LS8 imagery. Our results indicated that SGL areas are most accurately generated using dynamic thresholding of MODIS band 1 (red) with a 0.640 threshold value. Calculated SGL area, depth and volume values from MODIS were closely comparable to those derived from LS8. The best performing area- and depth-detection methods were then incorporated into a Fully Automated SGL Tracking ("FAST") algorithm that tracks individual SGLs between successive MODIS images. It identified 43 (Paakitsoq) and 19 (Store Glacier) rapidly draining SGLs during 2014, representing 21% and 15% of the respective total SGL populations, including some clusters of rapidly draining SGLs. We found no relationship between the water volumes contained within these rapidly draining SGLs and the ice thicknesses beneath them, indicating that a critical water volume linearly related to ice thickness cannot explain the incidence of rapid drainage. The FAST algorithm, which we believe to be the most comprehensive SGL tracking algorithm developed to date, has the potential to investigate statistical relationships between SGL areas, volumes and drainage events over wide areas of the GrIS, and over multiple seasons. It could also allow further insights into factors that may trigger rapid SGL drainage.

Relation between milk-fat percentage, vitamin D, and BMI z score in early childhood.

PubMed

Vanderhout, Shelley M; Birken, Catherine S; Parkin, Patricia C; Lebovic, Gerald; Chen, Yang; O'Connor, Deborah L; Maguire, Jonathon L

2016-12-01

Fortified cow milk is a material contributor of vitamin D and dietary fat in children. Recommendations for children >2 y of age advise reduced milk-fat consumption to reduce childhood obesity, yet the relation between lower milk fat, vitamin D stores, and body mass index (BMI) is unclear. The primary objective was to explore the association between milk-fat percentage and both BMI z score (zBMI) and venous 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D]; the secondary objective was to assess whether milk volume consumed modified this relation. This was a cross-sectional analysis. Healthy urban children aged 12-72 mo were recruited from 9 primary health care practices within The Applied Research Group for Kids (TARGet Kids!) research group in Toronto, Canada. We used adjusted bivariate linear regression to examine the relation between milk-fat percentage and child 25(OH)D and zBMI concurrently. Effect modification by milk volume consumed on the evaluated relations was explored with the use of an interaction term in the statistical model. Among the 2745 included children there was a positive association between milk-fat percentage and 25(OH)D (P = 0.006) and a negative association between milk-fat percentage and zBMI (P < 0.0001). Participants who drank whole milk had a 5.4-nmol/L (95% CI: 4.32, 6.54) higher median 25(OH)D concentration and a 0.72 lower (95% CI: 0.68, 0.76) zBMI score than children who drank 1% milk. Milk volume consumed modified the effect of milk-fat percentage on 25(OH)D (P = 0.003) but not on zBMI (P = 0.77). Whole milk consumption among healthy young children was associated with higher vitamin D stores and lower BMI. Longitudinal and interventional studies are needed to confirm these findings. TARGet Kids! was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01869530. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

Hydrogen Storage for Aircraft Applications Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Colozza, Anthony J.; Kohout, Lisa (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Advances in fuel cell technology have brought about their consideration as sources of power for aircraft. This power can be utilized to run aircraft systems or even provide propulsion power. One of the key obstacles to utilizing fuel cells on aircraft is the storage of hydrogen. An overview of the potential methods of hydrogen storage was compiled. This overview identifies various methods of hydrogen storage and points out their advantages and disadvantages relative to aircraft applications. Minimizing weight and volume are the key aspects to storing hydrogen within an aircraft. An analysis was performed to show how changes in certain parameters of a given storage system affect its mass and volume.

Analysis of the stability of urea in dried blood spots collected and stored on filter paper.

PubMed

Quraishi, Rizwana; Lakshmy, Ramakrishnan; Mukhopadhyay, Ashok Kumar; Jailkhani, Bansi Lal

2013-05-01

The ability to use dry blood spots (DBSs) on filter paper for the analysis of urea levels could be an important diagnostic tool for areas that have limited access to laboratory facilities. We developed a method for the extraction and quantification of urea from DBSs that were stored on 3M Whatman filter paper and investigated the effect of long-term storage on the level of urea in DBSs. DBSs of 4.5 mm in diameter were used for our assay, and we determined the urea levels in blood using a commercially available enzymatic kit (UV GLDH-method; Randox laboratories Ltd., UK). The DBSs on filter discs were stored at 4℃ or at 37℃ for 120 days. The mean intra- and inter-assay coefficient of variance for our method of urea extraction from dried blood was 4.2% and 6.3%, respectively. We collected 75 fresh blood samples and compared the urea content of each fresh sample with the urea content of DBSs taken from corresponding fresh blood samples. Regression analysis reported a regression coefficient (r) value of 0.97 and a recovery of urea from dried spots was 102.2%. Urea concentrations in DBSs were stable for up to 120 and 90 days when stored at 4℃ and 37℃, respectively. Our results show that urea can be stored and quantitatively recovered from small volumes of blood that was collected on filter paper.

Knowledge-based segmentation of pediatric kidneys in CT for measuring parenchymal volume

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, Matthew S.; Feng, Waldo C.; Hall, Theodore R.; McNitt-Gray, Michael F.; Churchill, Bernard M.

2000-06-01

The purpose of this work was to develop an automated method for segmenting pediatric kidneys in contrast-enhanced helical CT images and measuring the volume of the renal parenchyma. An automated system was developed to segment the abdomen, spine, aorta and kidneys. The expected size, shape, topology an X-ray attenuation of anatomical structures are stored as features in an anatomical model. These features guide 3-D threshold-based segmentation and then matching of extracted image regions to anatomical structures in the model. Following segmentation, the kidney volumes are calculated by summing included voxels. To validate the system, the kidney volumes of 4 swine were calculated using our approach and compared to the 'true' volumes measured after harvesting the kidneys. Automated volume calculations were also performed retrospectively in a cohort of 10 children. The mean difference between the calculated and measured values in the swine kidneys was 1.38 (S.D. plus or minus 0.44) cc. For the pediatric cases, calculated volumes ranged from 41.7 - 252.1 cc/kidney, and the mean ratio of right to left kidney volume was 0.96 (S.D. plus or minus 0.07). These results demonstrate the accuracy of the volumetric technique that may in the future provide an objective assessment of renal damage.

Abundance and Morphological Effects of Large Woody Debris in Forested Basins of Southern Andes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreoli, A.; Comiti, F.; Lenzi, M. A.

2006-12-01

The Southern Andes mountain range represents an ideal location for studying large woody debris (LWD) in streams draining forested basins thanks to the presence of both pristine and managed woodland, and to the general low level of human alteration of stream corridors. However, no published investigations have been performed so far in such a large region. The investigated sites of this research are three basins (9-13 km2 drainage area, third-order channels) covered by Nothofagus forests: two of them are located in the Southern Chilean Andes (the Tres Arroyos in the Malalcahuello National Reserve and the Rio Toro within the Malleco Natural Reserve) and one basin lies in the Argentinean Tierra del Fuego (the Buena Esperanza basin, near the city of Ushuaia). Measured LWD were all wood pieces larger than 10 cm in diameter and 1 m in length, both in the active channel and in the adjacent active floodplain. Pieces forming log jams were all measured and the geometrical dimensions of jams were taken. Jam type was defined based on Abbe and Montgomery (2003) classification. Sediment stored behind log-steps and valley jams was evaluated approximating the sediment accumulated to a solid wedge whose geometrical dimensions were measured. Additional information relative to each LWD piece were recorded during the field survey: type (log, rootwad, log with rootwads attached), orientation to flow, origin (floated, bank erosion, landslide, natural mortality, harvest residuals) and position (log-step, in-channel, channel-bridging, channel margins, bankfull edge). In the Tres Arroyos, the average LWD volume stored within the bankfull channel is 710 m3 ha-1. The average number of pieces is 1,004 per hectare of bankfull channel area. Log-steps represent about 22% of all steps, whereas the elevation loss due to LWD (log-steps and valley jams) results in 27% loss of the total stream potential energy. About 1,600 m3 of sediment (assuming a porosity of 20%) is stored in the main channel behind LWD structures approximately, i.e. 1,000 m3 per km of channel length, corresponding to approximately 150% of the annual sediment yield. In the Rio Toro, the average LWD volume and number of elements stored are much less, respectively 117 m3 ha-1 and 215 pieces ha-1. Neither log-steps or valley jams were observed and the longitudinal profile appear not affected by LWD, and no sediment storage can be attributed to woody debris. The low LWD storage and impact in this channel is likely due to the general stability of its hillslopes, in contrast to the Tres Arroyos where extensive landslides and debris flows convey a great deal of wood into the stream. Finally, in the Buena Esperanza, the average LWD volume stored in the active channel is quite low (120 m3 ha-1, but the average number of pieces is the highest with 1,397 pieces ha-1. This is due to the smaller dimensions of LWD elements delivered by trees growing in a colder climate as that characterizing the Tierra del Fuego. The morphological influence of wood in this channel is however very important, with the presence of large valley jams and high log-steps imparting the channel a macro-scale stepped profile with a total energy dissipation due to LWD (log-steps and valley jams) of about 24 % of the stream potential energy. The sediment stored behind log-steps and valley jams results to be about 1,290 m3, i.e. 700 m3 km-1, but unfortunately no values of sediment yields are available for this basin.

SU-E-T-675: Remote Dosimetry with a Novel PRESAGE Formulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mein, S; Juang, T; Malcolm, J

2015-06-15

Purpose: 3D-gel dosimetry provides high-resolution treatment validation; however, scanners aren’t widely available. In remote dosimetry, dosimeters are shipped out from a central base institution to a remote site for irradiation, then shipped back for scanning and analysis, affording a convenient service for treatment validation to institutions lacking the necessary equipment and resources. Previous works demonstrated the high-resolution performance and temporal stability of PRESAGE. Here the newest formulation is investigated for remote dosimetry use. Methods: A new formulation of PRESAGE was created with the aim of improved color stability post irradiation. Dose sensitivity was determined by irradiating cuvettes on a Varianmore » Linac (6MV) from 0–15Gy and measuring change in optical density at 633nm. Sensitivity readings were tracked over time in a temperature control study to determine long-term stability. A large volume study was performed to evaluate the accuracy for remote dosimetry. A 1kg dosimeter was pre-scanned, irradiated on-site with an 8Gy 4field box treatment, post-scanned and shipped to Princess Margaret Hospital for remote reading on an identical scanner. Results: Dose sensitivities ranged from 0.0194–0.0295 ΔOD/(Gy*cm)—similar to previous formulations. Post-irradiated cuvettes stored at 10°C retained 100% initial sensitivity over 5 days and 98.6% over 10 weeks while cuvettes stored at room temperature fell to 95.8% after 5 days and 37.4% after 10 weeks. The immediate and 5-day scans of the 4field box dosimeter data was reconstructed, registered to the corresponding eclipse dose-distribution, and compared with analytical tools in CERR. Immediate and 5-day scans looked visually similar. Line profiles revealed close agreement aside from a slight elevation in dose at the edge in the 5-day readout. Conclusion: The remote dosimetry formulation exhibits excellent temporal stability in small volumes. While immediate and 5-day readout scans of large volume dosimeters show promising agreement, further development is required to reduce an apparent time dependent edge elevation.« less

Performance study of a laboratory model shallow solar pond with and without single transparent glass cover for solar thermal energy conversion applications.

PubMed

Ganesh, S; Arumugam, S

2016-12-01

The thermal performance of a shallow solar pond with and without the single transparent glass cover has been investigated experimentally. This experiment has been performed during the summer season of 2014 under the operational condition for five different storage volumes of water upto a maximum of 10liter. The pond performance is investigated in terms of the rate of energy collected and its collection efficiency. A Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) black sheet liner of 200μm thickness was laid on all the interior sides of the pond for solar energy absorption. A clear transparent PVC plastic sheet of 150μm thickness was laid over the water surface as evaporation suppressing membrane. Calibrated Copper constantan thermocouples were used to measure the temperatures of the system. A highest temperature of 81.5°C has been achieved for the stored volume of 2liter of water, when the pond was used with a single transparent glass cover of 5mm thickness. When the shallow solar pond was used without the transparent glass cover the system attained a maximum temperature of 62°C for the same stored volume of 2liter. A comparison between the two conditions of with and without the transparent glass cover, on the thermal performance of the SSP has been reported. A shallow solar pond system of the present type could be used us a source of warm water, of desired temperature, below 10°C which are required for the domestic and industrial utilities. The global warming is increased day by day; inorder to reduce global warming a typical method of small scale shallow solar pond has been used to absorb the radiation from the sun to convert it to useful heat energy by the source of water. The SSP is an eco friendly way to generate energy without polluting our environment and in an environment safety manner. Based on environmental safety this study has experimentally investigated the thermal performance of the shallow solar pond. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A simple derivation for amplitude and time period of charged particles in an electrostatic bathtub potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prathap Reddy, K.

2016-11-01

An ‘electrostatic bathtub potential’ is defined and analytical expressions for the time period and amplitude of charged particles in this potential are obtained and compared with simulations. These kinds of potentials are encountered in linear electrostatic ion traps, where the potential along the axis appears like a bathtub. Ion traps are used in basic physics research and mass spectrometry to store ions; these stored ions make oscillatory motion within the confined volume of the trap. Usually these traps are designed and studied using ion optical software, but in this work the bathtub potential is reproduced by making two simple modifications to the harmonic oscillator potential. The addition of a linear ‘k 1|x|’ potential makes the simple harmonic potential curve steeper with a sharper turn at the origin, while the introduction of a finite-length zero potential region at the centre reproduces the flat region of the bathtub curve. This whole exercise of modelling a practical experimental situation in terms of a well-known simple physics problem may generate interest among readers.

Physicochemical and microbiological stability studies of extemporaneous antihypertensive pediatric suspensions for hospital use.

PubMed

Mendes, Cassiana; Costa, Ana Paula; Oliveira, Paulo Renato; Tagliari, Monika Piazzon; Silva, Marcos Antônio Segatto

2013-01-01

Extemporaneous suspensions of the antihypertensive agents furosemide, spironolactone and hydrochlorothiazide for pediatric use have been prepared at University Hospital (Federal University of Santa Catarina - Brazil). The aim of this work was to investigate the physicochemical and microbiological stability of these suspensions over the estimated shelf-life period of seven days and, if necessary, to optimize the formulations by improving the chemical stability. The pediatric suspensions were prepared using drug raw material and were stored at 25 ± 2°C and 5 ± 3°C. Chemical stability was evaluated by HPLC assay of the suspensions for drug content. Physical stability was evaluated by sedimentation volume, redispersibility, particle size, and zeta potential. Viable bacterial and fungal contaminations were assessed according to the official compendium. Furosemide and spironolactone suspensions as prepared herein can be stored for 7 days. However, the hydrochlorothiazide suspension formulation at pH 6.5 demonstrated poor chemical stability and was optimized by adjusting the pH to 3.3 where the drug exhibited acceptable stability. The optimized formulation demonstrated to be stable over the required period of 7 days.

Lesion registration for longitudinal disease tracking in an imaging informatics-based multiple sclerosis eFolder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Kevin; Liu, Joseph; Zhang, Xuejun; Lerner, Alex; Shiroishi, Mark; Amezcua, Lilyana; Liu, Brent

2016-03-01

We have designed and developed a multiple sclerosis eFolder system for patient data storage, image viewing, and automatic lesion quantification results stored in DICOM-SR format. The web-based system aims to be integrated in DICOM-compliant clinical and research environments to aid clinicians in patient treatments and data analysis. The system needs to quantify lesion volumes, identify and register lesion locations to track shifts in volume and quantity of lesions in a longitudinal study. In order to perform lesion registration, we have developed a brain warping and normalizing methodology using Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) MATLAB toolkit for brain MRI. Patients' brain MR images are processed via SPM's normalization processes, and the brain images are analyzed and warped according to the tissue probability map. Lesion identification and contouring are completed by neuroradiologists, and lesion volume quantification is completed by the eFolder's CAD program. Lesion comparison results in longitudinal studies show key growth and active regions. The results display successful lesion registration and tracking over a longitudinal study. Lesion change results are graphically represented in the web-based user interface, and users are able to correlate patient progress and changes in the MRI images. The completed lesion and disease tracking tool would enable the eFolder to provide complete patient profiles, improve the efficiency of patient care, and perform comprehensive data analysis through an integrated imaging informatics system.

Chemical Reaction between Boric Acid and Phosphine Indicates Boric Acid as an Antidote for Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning.

PubMed

Soltani, Motahareh; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed F; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed V

2016-08-01

Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is a fumigant pesticide which protects stored grains from insects and rodents. When it comes into contact with moisture, AlP releases phosphine (PH3), a highly toxic gas. No efficient antidote has been found for AlP poisoning so far and most people who are poisoned do not survive. Boric acid is a Lewis acid with an empty p orbital which accepts electrons. This study aimed to investigate the neutralisation of PH3 gas with boric acid. This study was carried out at the Baharlou Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between December 2013 and February 2014. The volume of released gas, rate of gas evolution and changes in pH were measured during reactions of AlP tablets with water, acidified water, saturated boric acid solution, acidified saturated boric acid solution, activated charcoal and acidified activated charcoal. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the resulting probable adduct between PH3 and boric acid. Activated charcoal significantly reduced the volume of released gas (P <0.01). Although boric acid did not significantly reduce the volume of released gas, it significantly reduced the rate of gas evolution (P <0.01). A gaseous adduct was formed in the reaction between pure AlP and boric acid. These findings indicate that boric acid may be an efficient and non-toxic antidote for PH3 poisoning.

The effect of climbing Mount Everest on spleen contraction and increase in hemoglobin concentration during breath holding and exercise.

PubMed

Engan, Harald K; Lodin-Sundström, Angelica; Schagatay, Fanny; Schagatay, Erika

2014-04-01

Release of stored red blood cells resulting from spleen contraction improves human performance in various hypoxic situations. This study determined spleen volume resulting from two contraction-evoking stimuli: breath holding and exercise before and after altitude acclimatization during a Mount Everest ascent (8848 m). Eight climbers performed the following protocol before and after the climb: 5 min ambient air respiration at 1370 m during rest, 20 min oxygen respiration, 20 min ambient air respiration at 1370 m, three maximal-effort breath holds spaced by 2 min, 10 min ambient air respiration, 5 min of cycling at 100 W, and finally 10 min ambient air respiration. We measured spleen volume by ultrasound and capillary hemoglobin (HB) concentration after each exposure, and heart rate (HR) and arterial oxygen saturation (Sao2) continuously. Mean (SD) baseline spleen volume was unchanged at 213 (101) mL before and 206 (52) mL after the climb. Before the climb, spleen volume was reduced to 184 (83) mL after three breath holds, and after the climb three breath holds resulted in a spleen volume of 132 (26) mL (p=0.032). After exercise, the preclimb spleen volume was 186 (89) mL vs. 112 (389) mL) after the climb (p=0.003). Breath hold duration and cardiovascular responses were unchanged after the climb. We concluded that spleen contraction may be enhanced by altitude acclimatization, probably reflecting both the acclimatization to chronic hypoxic exposure and acute hypoxia during physical work.

Cost Effectiveness Study of Wastewater Management Systems for Selected U.S. Coast Guard Vessels. Volume 3. Installation Analysis. Part 5. White Sage (133 Feet)

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-02-01

located in a wire mesh enclosure in the center of the hold. The cargo boom hydraulic tank is located in the port aft corner of the hold. The rcmainder...2, there may be minor modifications required to the shelving on the starboard side (along the I shell of the vessel) and the wire mesh eculosure...along the shell of the vessel) and the wire mesh enclosure for the ship’s dry stores on the centerline of the vessel (between Frames 9 and 10). 24 NOW oI

Synthesis and study of electrolytic materials with a high-energy defect structure and a developed surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gryzunova, N. N.; Vikarchuk, A. A.; Tyur'kov, M. N.

2016-10-01

The defect structure of the electrolytic copper coatings formed upon mechanical activation of a cathode is described. These coatings are shown to have a fragmented structure containing disclination-type defects, namely, terminating dislocation, disclination and twin boundaries; partial disclinations, misorientation bands; and twin layers. They have both growth and deformation origins. The mechanisms of formation of the structural defects are discussed. It is experimentally proved that part of the elastic energy stored in the crystal volume during electrocrystallization can be converted into surface energy. As a result, catalytically active materials with a large developed surface can be synthesized.

Immersive volume rendering of blood vessels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Long, Gregory; Kim, Han Suk; Marsden, Alison; Bazilevs, Yuri; Schulze, Jürgen P.

2012-03-01

In this paper, we present a novel method of visualizing flow in blood vessels. Our approach reads unstructured tetrahedral data, resamples it, and uses slice based 3D texture volume rendering. Due to the sparse structure of blood vessels, we utilize an octree to efficiently store the resampled data by discarding empty regions of the volume. We use animation to convey time series data, wireframe surface to give structure, and utilize the StarCAVE, a 3D virtual reality environment, to add a fully immersive element to the visualization. Our tool has great value in interdisciplinary work, helping scientists collaborate with clinicians, by improving the understanding of blood flow simulations. Full immersion in the flow field allows for a more intuitive understanding of the flow phenomena, and can be a great help to medical experts for treatment planning.

Development of an Interactive Shoreline Management Tool for the Lower Wood River Valley, Oregon - Phase I: Stage-Volume and Stage-Area Relations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Haluska, Tana L.; Snyder, Daniel T.

2007-01-01

This report presents the parcel and inundation area geographic information system (GIS) layers for various surface-water stages. It also presents data tables containing the water stage, inundation area, and water volume relations developed from analysis of detailed land surface elevation derived from Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data recently collected for the Wood River Valley at the northern margin of Agency Lake in Klamath County, Oregon. Former shoreline wetlands that have been cut off from Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes by dikes might in the future be reconnected to Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes by breaching the dikes. Issues of interest associated with restoring wetlands in this way include the area that will be inundated, the volume of water that may be stored, the change in wetland habitat, and the variation in these characteristics as surface-water stage is changed. Products from this analysis can assist water managers in assessing the effect of breaching dikes and changing surface-water stage. The study area is in the approximate former northern margins of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes in the Wood River Valley.

West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve site brine-disposal monitoring, Year I report. Volume IV. Bibliography and supporting data for physical oceanography. Final report. [421 references

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeRouen, L.R.; Hann, R.W.; Casserly, D.M.

This project centers around the Strategic Petroleum Site (SPR) known as the West Hackberry salt dome which is located in southwestern Louisiana and which is designed to store 241 million barrels of crude oil. Oil storage caverns are formed by injecting water into salt deposits, and pumping out the resulting brine. Studies described in this report were designed as follow-on studies to three months of pre-discharge characterization work, and include data collected during the first year of brine leaching operations. The objectives were to: (1) characterize the environment in terms of physical, chemical and biological attributes; (2) determine if significantmore » adverse changes in ecosystem productivity and stability of the biological community are occurring as a result of brine discharge; and (3) determine the magnitude of any change observed. Volume IV contains the following: bibliography; appendices for supporting data for physical oceanography, and summary of the physical oceanography along the western Louisiana coast.« less

'My lips are sealed' - The impact of package resealability on the consumption of tempting foods.

PubMed

De Bondt, Caroline; Van Kerckhove, Anneleen; Geuens, Maggie

2017-10-01

Resealable packages are nowadays omnipresent on store shelves. While the main advantage of the resealability feature is its ability to reclose the package in order to extend the shelf life of the food product inside, the present research's aim is to assess whether this advantage also has implications for palatable, energy-dense food consumption. Two studies provide intentional as well as behavioral evidence for the claim that consumers are better able to self-regulate their consumption and thus eat less in one occasion when a palatable, energy-dense food product is offered in a resealable (vs. unresealable) package. A third study investigates the effect of package resealability across multiple consumption occasions and reveals that the resealability feature limits the volume consumed on each occasion (conditional on consumption incidence) while it does not accelerate consumption frequency, resulting in a lower total consumed volume of palatable, energy-dense snacks over a six-day period. This research offers actionable insights for consumer welfare and public health care and aids manufacturers in delineating optimal food packaging strategies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Resource Consumption Principle: Attention and Memory in Volumes of Neural Tissue

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Montague, P. Read

1996-04-01

In the cerebral cortex, the small volume of the extracellular space in relation to the volume enclosed by synapses suggests an important functional role for this relationship. It is well known that there are atoms and molecules in the extracellular space that are absolutely necessary for synapses to function (e.g., calcium). I propose here the hypothesis that the rapid shift of these atoms and molecules from extracellular to intrasynaptic compartments represents the consumption of a shared, limited resource available to local volumes of neural tissue. Such consumption results in a dramatic competition among synapses for resources necessary for their function. In this paper, I explore a theory in which this resource consumption plays a critical role in the way local volumes of neural tissue operate. On short time scales, this principle of resource consumption permits a tissue volume to choose those synapses that function in a particular context and thereby helps to integrate the many neural signals that impinge on a tissue volume at any given moment. On longer time scales, the same principle aids in the stable storage and recall of information. The theory provides one framework for understanding how cerebral cortical tissue volumes integrate, attend to, store, and recall information. In this account, the capacity of neural tissue to attend to stimuli is intimately tied to the way tissue volumes are organized at fine spatial scales.

Draft Site Treatment Plan (DSTP), Volumes I and II

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D`Amelio, J.

1994-08-30

Site Treatment Plans (STP) are required for facilities at which the DOE generates or stores mixed waste. This Draft Site Treatment Plan (DSTP) the second step in a three-phase process, identifies the currently preferred options for treating mixed waste at the Savannah River Site (SRS) or for developing treatment technologies where technologies do not exist or need modification. The DSTP reflects site-specific preferred options, developed with the state`s input and based on existing available information. To the extent possible, the DSTP identifies specific treatment facilities for treating the mixed waste and proposes schedules. Where the selection of specific treatment facilitiesmore » is not possible, schedules for alternative activities such as waste characterization and technology assessment are provided. All schedule and cost information presented is preliminary and is subject to change. The DSTP is comprised of two volumes: this Compliance Plan Volume and the Background Volume. This Compliance Plan Volume proposes overall schedules with target dates for achieving compliance with the land disposal restrictions (LDR) of RCRA and procedures for converting the target dates into milestones to be enforced under the Order. The more detailed discussion of the options contained in the Background Volume is provided for informational purposes only.« less

The long tail: a usage analysis of pre-1993 print biomedical journal literature

PubMed Central

Starr, Susan; Williams, Jeff

2008-01-01

Objective: The research analyzes usage of a major biomedical library's pre-1993 print journal collection. Methodology: In July 2003, in preparation for a renovation and expansion project, the Biomedical Library at the University of California, San Diego, moved all of its pre-1993 journal volumes off-site, with the exception of twenty-two heavily used titles. Patrons wishing to consult one of these stored volumes could request that it be delivered to the library for their use. In the spring of 2006, an analysis was made of these requests. Results: By July of 2006, 79,827 journal volumes published in 1992 or earlier had been requested from storage. The number of requests received declined with age of publication. The usage distribution exhibited a “long tail”: 50% of the 79,827 requests were for journal volumes published before 1986. The availability of electronic access dramatically reduced the chance that corresponding print journal volumes would be requested. Conclusions: The older biomedical print journal literature appears to be of continued value to the biomedical research community. When electronic access was provided to the older literature, demand for older print volumes declined dramatically. PMID:18219377

Efficient Stochastic Rendering of Static and Animated Volumes Using Visibility Sweeps.

PubMed

von Radziewsky, Philipp; Kroes, Thomas; Eisemann, Martin; Eisemann, Elmar

2017-09-01

Stochastically solving the rendering integral (particularly visibility) is the de-facto standard for physically-based light transport but it is computationally expensive, especially when displaying heterogeneous volumetric data. In this work, we present efficient techniques to speed-up the rendering process via a novel visibility-estimation method in concert with an unbiased importance sampling (involving environmental lighting and visibility inside the volume), filtering, and update techniques for both static and animated scenes. Our major contributions include a progressive estimate of partial occlusions based on a fast sweeping-plane algorithm. These occlusions are stored in an octahedral representation, which can be conveniently transformed into a quadtree-based hierarchy suited for a joint importance sampling. Further, we propose sweep-space filtering, which suppresses the occurrence of fireflies and investigate different update schemes for animated scenes. Our technique is unbiased, requires little precomputation, is highly parallelizable, and is applicable to a various volume data sets, dynamic transfer functions, animated volumes and changing environmental lighting.

Fluid control structures in microfluidic devices

DOEpatents

Mathies, Richard A.; Grover, William H.; Skelley, Alison; Lagally, Eric; Liu, Chung N.

2008-11-04

Methods and apparatus for implementing microfluidic analysis devices are provided. A monolithic elastomer membrane associated with an integrated pneumatic manifold allows the placement and actuation of a variety of fluid control structures, such as structures for pumping, isolating, mixing, routing, merging, splitting, preparing, and storing volumes of fluid. The fluid control structures can be used to implement a variety of sample introduction, preparation, processing, and storage techniques.

A guide to onboard checkout. Volume 5: Data management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The baseline data management subsystem for a space station is discussed. The subsystem consists of equipment necessary to transfer, store, and process data to and from users and subsystems. It acquires and conditions a wide variety of input data from experiments, vehicle subsystems sensors, uplinked ground communications, and astronaut-activated controls. Computer techniques for failure analysis, reliability, and maintenance checkout onboard the space station are considered.

Cryogenic regenerator including sarancarbon heat conduction matrix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack A. (Inventor); Petrick, S. Walter (Inventor); Britcliffe, Michael J. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A saran carbon matrix is employed to conduct heat through the heat storing volume of a cryogenic regenerator. When helium is adsorbed into the saran carbon matrix, the combination exhibits a volumetric specific heat much higher than previously used lead balls. A helium adsorbed saran regenerator should allow much lower refrigerator temperatures than those practically obtainable with lead based regenerators for regenerator type refrigeration systems.

Command History 1970. Volume 3. Sanitized

DTIC Science & Technology

1970-01-01

1970 * ~USMACV Command History in prohibited except with the permission of COMUSMACV or higher * authority. 4. This document will be transported ...were stored at the C~ambodian arm~y comnpound at Lovek, northwest of Phnoom Pernh. The munitions avid other supplies were then transported over Carn...now living along the bank of the Mekong River. This Mekong area may fit the transportation , postal- / communication, and signal communication strategy

Methods for Cataloguing, Storing, and Retrieving Large Volumes of Tape-Recorded Conversations. Working Papers in Sociolinguistics, No. 32.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Skopek, Lucienne; And Others

A major problem in doing linguistic research from tape-recorded material is finding specific tape content for later, detailed analysis of data. A project on use of language in medicine being carried out at the Cornell University Medical College has developed a method of cataloguing taped material that eliminates the need for transcriptions and…

Fluid control structures in microfluidic devices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mathies, Richard A.; Grover, William H.; Skelley, Alison

2017-05-09

Methods and apparatus for implementing microfluidic analysis devices are provided. A monolithic elastomer membrane associated with an integrated pneumatic manifold allows the placement and actuation of a variety of fluid control structures, such as structures for pumping, isolating, mixing, routing, merging, splitting, preparing, and storing volumes of fluid. The fluid control structures can be used to implement a variety of sample introduction, preparation, processing, and storage techniques.

Fluid control structures in microfluidic devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skelley, Alison (Inventor); Mathies, Richard A. (Inventor); Lagally, Eric (Inventor); Grover, William H. (Inventor); Liu, Chung N. (Inventor)

2008-01-01

Methods and apparatus for implementing microfluidic analysis devices are provided. A monolithic elastomer membrane associated with an integrated pneumatic manifold allows the placement and actuation of a variety of fluid control structures, such as structures for pumping, isolating, mixing, routing, merging, splitting, preparing, and storing volumes of fluid. The fluid control structures can be used to implement a variety of sample introduction, preparation, processing, and storage techniques.

A Framework for the Systematic Collection of Open Source Intelligence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pouchard, Line Catherine; Trien, Joseph P; Dobson, Jonathan D

2009-01-01

Following legislative directions, the Intelligence Community has been mandated to make greater use of Open Source Intelligence (OSINT). Efforts are underway to increase the use of OSINT but there are many obstacles. One of these obstacles is the lack of tools helping to manage the volume of available data and ascertain its credibility. We propose a unique system for selecting, collecting and storing Open Source data from the Web and the Open Source Center. Some data management tasks are automated, document source is retained, and metadata containing geographical coordinates are added to the documents. Analysts are thus empowered to search,more » view, store, and analyze Web data within a single tool. We present ORCAT I and ORCAT II, two implementations of the system.« less

Trash to Supply Gas (TtSG) Project Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hintze, Paul; Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo; Kulis, Michael J.; Lytle, John K.; Fisher, John W.; Vaccaro, Helen; Ewert, Michael K.; Broyan, James L.

2012-01-01

Technologies that reduce logistical needs are a key to long term space missions. Currently, trash and waste generated during a mission is carried during the entire roundtrip mission or stored inside a logistic module which is de-orbited into Earth's atmosphere for destruction. The goal of the Trash to Supply Gas (TtSG) project is to develop space technology alternatives for converting trash and other waste materials from human spaceflight into high-value products that might include propellants or power system fuels in addition to life support oxygen and water. In addition to producing a useful product from waste, TtSG will decrease the volume needed to store waste on long term space missions. This paper presents an overview of the TtSG technologies and future plans for the project.

Shuttle Kit Freezer Refrigeration Unit Conceptual Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Copeland, R. J.

1975-01-01

The refrigerated food/medical sample storage compartment as a kit to the space shuttle orbiter is examined. To maintain the -10 F in the freezer kit, an active refrigeration unit is required, and an air cooled Stirling Cycle refrigerator was selected. The freezer kit contains two subsystems, the refrigeration unit, and the storage volume. The freezer must provide two basic capabilities in one unit. One requirement is to store 215 lbs of food which is consumed in a 30-day period by 7 people. The other requirement is to store 128.3 lbs of medical samples consisting of both urine and feces. The unit can be mounted on the lower deck of the shuttle cabin, and will occupy four standard payload module compartments on the forward bulkhead. The freezer contains four storage compartments.

Re-Organizing Earth Observation Data Storage to Support Temporal Analysis of Big Data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lynnes, Christopher

2017-01-01

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System archives many datasets that are critical to understanding long-term variations in Earth science properties. Thus, some of these are large, multi-decadal datasets. Yet the challenge in long time series analysis comes less from the sheer volume than the data organization, which is typically one (or a small number of) time steps per file. The overhead of opening and inventorying complex, API-driven data formats such as Hierarchical Data Format introduces a small latency at each time step, which nonetheless adds up for datasets with O(10^6) single-timestep files. Several approaches to reorganizing the data can mitigate this overhead by an order of magnitude: pre-aggregating data along the time axis (time-chunking); storing the data in a highly distributed file system; or storing data in distributed columnar databases. Storing a second copy of the data incurs extra costs, so some selection criteria must be employed, which would be driven by expected or actual usage by the end user community, balanced against the extra cost.

Re-organizing Earth Observation Data Storage to Support Temporal Analysis of Big Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lynnes, C.

2017-12-01

The Earth Observing System Data and Information System archives many datasets that are critical to understanding long-term variations in Earth science properties. Thus, some of these are large, multi-decadal datasets. Yet the challenge in long time series analysis comes less from the sheer volume than the data organization, which is typically one (or a small number of) time steps per file. The overhead of opening and inventorying complex, API-driven data formats such as Hierarchical Data Format introduces a small latency at each time step, which nonetheless adds up for datasets with O(10^6) single-timestep files. Several approaches to reorganizing the data can mitigate this overhead by an order of magnitude: pre-aggregating data along the time axis (time-chunking); storing the data in a highly distributed file system; or storing data in distributed columnar databases. Storing a second copy of the data incurs extra costs, so some selection criteria must be employed, which would be driven by expected or actual usage by the end user community, balanced against the extra cost.

Compatibility of epirubicin-loaded DC bead™ with different non-ionic contrast media.

PubMed

Sarakbi, Iman; Krämer, Irene

2016-12-01

The aim of this study was to determine the compatibility of epirubicin-loaded DC bead™ with different non-ionic contrast media over a period of seven days when stored light protected under refrigerated conditions. DC bead™ (2 ml) (Biocompatibles UK Ltd) of the bead size 70-150 µm ( = DC bead M1) or bead size 100-300 µm were loaded with 75 mg epirubicin powder formulation (Farmorubicin® dissolved in 3 ml water for injection to a concentration of 25 mg/ml) or 76 mg epirubicin injection solution (Epimedac® 2 mg/ml) within 2 h or 6 h, respectively. After removal of the excess solution, the epirubicin-loaded beads were mixed in polypropylene syringes with an equal volume (∼1.5 ml) of contrast media, i.e. Accupaque™ 300 (Nycomed Inc.), Imeron® 300 (Bracco S.p.A), Ultravist® 300 (Bayer Pharma AG), Visipaque™ 320 (GE Healthcare) and agitated in a controlled manner to get a homogenous suspension. Syringes with loaded beads in contrast media were stored protected from light under refrigeration (2-8℃). Compatibility was determined by measuring epirubicin concentrations in the suspensions in triplicate on day 0, 1, and 7. A reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography assay with ultraviolet detection was utilized to analyze the concentration and purity of epirubicin. Mixing of epirubicin-loaded beads with different non-ionic contrast media released 0.1-0.5% of epirubicin over a period of 24 h, irrespectively, of the DC bead™ size or type of contrast media. No further elution or degradation was observed after seven days when the admixtures were stored protected from light under refrigeration. Compatibility of epirubicin-loaded DC bead™ with an equal volume of different contrast media in polypropylene syringes is given over a period of seven days. Due to a maximum elution of 0.1-0.5% of epirubicin from loaded DC bead™, admixtures with contrast media can be prepared in advance in centralized cytotoxic preparation units. Microbiological aspects have to be considered when determining the expiration date of the product. © The Author(s) 2015.

Endmembers of Ice Shelf Melt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boghosian, A.; Child, S. F.; Kingslake, J.; Tedesco, M.; Bell, R. E.; Alexandrov, O.; McMichael, S.

2017-12-01

Studies of surface melt on ice shelves have defined a spectrum of meltwater behavior. On one end the storage of meltwater in persistent surface ponds can trigger ice shelf collapse as in the 2002 event leading to the disintegration of the Larsen B Ice Shelf. On the other, meltwater export by rivers can stabilize an ice shelf as was recently shown on the Nansen Ice Shelf. We explore this dichotomy by quantifying the partitioning between stored and transported water on two glaciers adjacent to floating ice shelves, Nimrod (Antarctica) and Peterman (Greenland). We analyze optical satellite imagery (LANDSAT, WorldView), airborne imagery (Operation IceBridge, Trimetrogon Aerial Phototography), satellite radar (Sentinel-1), and digital elevation models (DEMs) to categorize surface meltwater fate and map the evolution of ice shelf hydrology and topographic features through time. On the floating Peterman Glacier tongue a sizable river exports water to the ocean. The surface hydrology of Nimrod Glacier, geometrically similar to Peterman but with ten times shallower surface slope, is dominated by storage in surface lakes. In contrast, the Nansen has the same surface slope as Nimrod but transports water through surface rivers. Slope alone is not the sole control on ice shelf hydrology. It is essential to track the storage and transport volumes for each of these systems. To estimate water storage and transport we analyze high resolution (40 cm - 2 m) modern and historical DEMs. We produce historical (1957 onwards) DEMs with structure-from-motion photogrammetry. The DEMs are used to constrain water storage potential estimates of observed basins and water routing/transport potential. We quantify the total volume of water stored seasonally and interannually. We use the normalize difference water index to map meltwater extent, and estimate lake water depth from optical data. We also consider the role of stored water in subsurface aquifers in recharging surface water after observing a pond and river reemerge after apparently freezing during the 2016-17 melt season. Using the ponds/rivers endmember scheme helps us to constrain the role storage and transport play on stabilizing ice shelves. By extending this analysis to other ice tongues and shelves we can better understand their vulnerability to a warming world.

Low cost silicon solar array project. Task 1: Establishment of the feasibility of a process capable of low cost, high volume production of silane, SiH4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breneman, W. C.; Mui, J. Y. P.

1976-01-01

The kinetics of the redistribution of dichlorosilane and trichlorosilane vapor over a tertiary amine ion exchange resin catalyst were investigated. The hydrogenation of SiCl4 to form HSiCl3 and the direct synthesis of H2SiCl2 from HCl gas and metallurgical silicon metal were also studied. The purification of SiH4 using activated carbon adsorbent was studied along with a process for storing SiH4 absorbed on carbon. The latter makes possible a higher volumetric efficiency than compressed gas storage. A mini-plant designed to produce ten pounds per day of SiH4 is described.

Minimizing EVA Airlock Time and Depress Gas Losses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trevino, Luis A.; Lafuse, Sharon A.

2008-01-01

This paper describes the need and solution for minimizing EVA airlock time and depress gas losses using a new method that minimizes EVA out-the-door time for a suited astronaut and reclaims most of the airlock depress gas. This method consists of one or more related concepts that use an evacuated reservoir tank to store and reclaim the airlock depress gas. The evacuated tank can be an inflatable tank, a spent fuel tank from a lunar lander descent stage, or a backup airlock. During EVA airlock operations, the airlock and reservoir would be equalized at some low pressure, and through proper selection of reservoir size, most of the depress gas would be stored in the reservoir for later reclamation. The benefit of this method is directly applicable to long duration lunar and Mars missions that require multiple EVA missions (up to 100, two-person lunar EVAs) and conservation of consumables, including depress pump power and depress gas. The current ISS airlock gas reclamation method requires approximately 45 minutes of the astronaut s time in the airlock and 1 KW in electrical power. The proposed method would decrease the astronaut s time in the airlock because the depress gas is being temporarily stored in a reservoir tank for later recovery. Once the EVA crew is conducting the EVA, the volume in the reservoir would be pumped back to the cabin at a slow rate. Various trades were conducted to optimize this method, which include time to equalize the airlock with the evacuated reservoir versus reservoir size, pump power to reclaim depress gas versus time allotted, inflatable reservoir pros and cons (weight, volume, complexity), and feasibility of spent lunar nitrogen and oxygen tanks as reservoirs.

Dam nation: A geographic census of American dams and their large-scale hydrologic impacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Graf, William L.

1999-04-01

Newly available data indicate that dams fragment the fluvial system of the continental United States and that their impact on river discharge is several times greater than impacts deemed likely as a result of global climate change. The 75,000 dams in the continental United States are capable of storing a volume of water almost equaling one year's mean runoff, but there is considerable geographic variation in potential surface water impacts. In some western mountain and plains regions, dams can store more than 3 year's runoff, while in the Northeast and Northwest, storage is as little as 25% of the annual runoff. Dams partition watersheds; the drainage area per dam varies from 44 km2 (17 miles2) per dam in New England to 811 km2 (313 miles2) per dam in the Lower Colorado basin. Storage volumes, indicators of general hydrologic effects of dams, range from 26,200 m3 km-2 (55 acre-feet mile-2) in the Great Basin to 345,000 m3 km-2 (725 acre-feet mile-2) in the South Atlantic region. The greatest river flow impacts occur in the Great Plains, Rocky Mountains, and the arid Southwest, where storage is up to 3.8 times the mean annual runoff. The nation's dams store 5000 m3 (4 acre-feet) of water per person. Water resource regions have experienced individualized histories of cumulative increases in reservoir storage (and thus of downstream hydrologic and ecologic impacts), but the most rapid increases in storage occurred between the late 1950s and the late 1970s. Since 1980, increases in storage have been relatively minor.

Monitoring WLCG with lambda-architecture: a new scalable data store and analytics platform for monitoring at petabyte scale.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magnoni, L.; Suthakar, U.; Cordeiro, C.; Georgiou, M.; Andreeva, J.; Khan, A.; Smith, D. R.

2015-12-01

Monitoring the WLCG infrastructure requires the gathering and analysis of a high volume of heterogeneous data (e.g. data transfers, job monitoring, site tests) coming from different services and experiment-specific frameworks to provide a uniform and flexible interface for scientists and sites. The current architecture, where relational database systems are used to store, to process and to serve monitoring data, has limitations in coping with the foreseen increase in the volume (e.g. higher LHC luminosity) and the variety (e.g. new data-transfer protocols and new resource-types, as cloud-computing) of WLCG monitoring events. This paper presents a new scalable data store and analytics platform designed by the Support for Distributed Computing (SDC) group, at the CERN IT department, which uses a variety of technologies each one targeting specific aspects of big-scale distributed data-processing (commonly referred as lambda-architecture approach). Results of data processing on Hadoop for WLCG data activities monitoring are presented, showing how the new architecture can easily analyze hundreds of millions of transfer logs in a few minutes. Moreover, a comparison of data partitioning, compression and file format (e.g. CSV, Avro) is presented, with particular attention given to how the file structure impacts the overall MapReduce performance. In conclusion, the evolution of the current implementation, which focuses on data storage and batch processing, towards a complete lambda-architecture is discussed, with consideration of candidate technology for the serving layer (e.g. Elasticsearch) and a description of a proof of concept implementation, based on Apache Spark and Esper, for the real-time part which compensates for batch-processing latency and automates problem detection and failures.

Catastrophic Regime Shift in Water Reservoirs and São Paulo Water Supply Crisis.

PubMed

Coutinho, Renato M; Kraenkel, Roberto A; Prado, Paulo I

2015-01-01

The relation between rainfall and water accumulated in reservoirs comprises nonlinear feedbacks. Here we show that they may generate alternative equilibrium regimes, one of high water-volume, the other of low water-volume. Reservoirs can be seen as socio-environmental systems at risk of regime shifts, characteristic of tipping point transitions. We analyze data from stored water, rainfall, and water inflow and outflow in the main reservoir serving the metropolitan area of São Paulo, Brazil, by means of indicators of critical regime shifts, and find a strong signal of a transition. We furthermore build a mathematical model that gives a mechanistic view of the dynamics and demonstrates that alternative stable states are an expected property of water reservoirs. We also build a stochastic version of this model that fits well to the data. These results highlight the broader aspect that reservoir management must account for their intrinsic bistability, and should benefit from dynamical systems theory. Our case study illustrates the catastrophic consequences of failing to do so.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fisher,D

Concerns about the long-term viability of SFS as the metadata store for HPSS have been increasing. A concern that Transarc may discontinue support for SFS motivates us to consider alternative means to store HPSS metadata. The obvious alternative is a commercial database. Commercial databases have the necessary characteristics for storage of HPSS metadata records. They are robust and scalable and can easily accommodate the volume of data that must be stored. They provide programming interfaces, transactional semantics and a full set of maintenance and performance enhancement tools. A team was organized within the HPSS project to study and recommend anmore » approach for the replacement of SFS. Members of the team are David Fisher, Jim Minton, Donna Mecozzi, Danny Cook, Bart Parliman and Lynn Jones. We examined several possible solutions to the problem of replacing SFS, and recommended on May 22, 2000, in a report to the HPSS Technical and Executive Committees, to change HPSS into a database application over either Oracle or DB2. We recommended either Oracle or DB2 on the basis of market share and technical suitability. Oracle and DB2 are dominant offerings in the market, and it is in the best interest of HPSS to use a major player's product. Both databases provide a suitable programming interface. Transaction management functions, support for multi-threaded clients and data manipulation languages (DML) are available. These findings were supported in meetings held with technical experts from both companies. In both cases, the evidence indicated that either database would provide the features needed to host HPSS.« less

Fractional labelmaps for computing accurate dose volume histograms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sunderland, Kyle; Pinter, Csaba; Lasso, Andras; Fichtinger, Gabor

2017-03-01

PURPOSE: In radiation therapy treatment planning systems, structures are represented as parallel 2D contours. For treatment planning algorithms, structures must be converted into labelmap (i.e. 3D image denoting structure inside/outside) representations. This is often done by triangulated a surface from contours, which is converted into a binary labelmap. This surface to binary labelmap conversion can cause large errors in small structures. Binary labelmaps are often represented using one byte per voxel, meaning a large amount of memory is unused. Our goal is to develop a fractional labelmap representation containing non-binary values, allowing more information to be stored in the same amount of memory. METHODS: We implemented an algorithm in 3D Slicer, which converts surfaces to fractional labelmaps by creating 216 binary labelmaps, changing the labelmap origin on each iteration. The binary labelmap values are summed to create the fractional labelmap. In addition, an algorithm is implemented in the SlicerRT toolkit that calculates dose volume histograms (DVH) using fractional labelmaps. RESULTS: We found that with manually segmented RANDO head and neck structures, fractional labelmaps represented structure volume up to 19.07% (average 6.81%) more accurately than binary labelmaps, while occupying the same amount of memory. When compared to baseline DVH from treatment planning software, DVH from fractional labelmaps had agreement acceptance percent (1% ΔD, 1% ΔV) up to 57.46% higher (average 4.33%) than DVH from binary labelmaps. CONCLUSION: Fractional labelmaps promise to be an effective method for structure representation, allowing considerably more information to be stored in the same amount of memory.

Comparing identified and statistically significant lipids and polar metabolites in 15-year old serum and dried blood spot samples for longitudinal studies: Comparing lipids and metabolites in serum and DBS samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kyle, Jennifer E.; Casey, Cameron P.; Stratton, Kelly G.

The use of dried blood spots (DBS) has many advantages over traditional plasma and serum samples such as smaller blood volume required, storage at room temperature, and ability for sampling in remote locations. However, understanding the robustness of different analytes in DBS samples is essential, especially in older samples collected for longitudinal studies. Here we analyzed DBS samples collected in 2000-2001 and stored at room temperature and compared them to matched serum samples stored at -80°C to determine if they could be effectively used as specific time points in a longitudinal study following metabolic disease. Four hundred small molecules weremore » identified in both the serum and DBS samples using gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-MS (LC-MS) and LC-ion mobility spectrometry-MS (LC-IMS-MS). The identified polar metabolites overlapped well between the sample types, though only one statistically significant polar metabolite in a case-control study was conserved, indicating degradation occurs in the DBS samples affecting quantitation. Differences in the lipid identifications indicated that some oxidation occurs in the DBS samples. However, thirty-six statistically significant lipids correlated in both sample types indicating that lipid quantitation was more stable across the sample types.« less

Tools for Analysis and Visualization of Large Time-Varying CFD Data Sets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilhelms, Jane; VanGelder, Allen

1997-01-01

In the second year, we continued to built upon and improve our scanline-based direct volume renderer that we developed in the first year of this grant. This extremely general rendering approach can handle regular or irregular grids, including overlapping multiple grids, and polygon mesh surfaces. It runs in parallel on multi-processors. It can also be used in conjunction with a k-d tree hierarchy, where approximate models and error terms are stored in the nodes of the tree, and approximate fast renderings can be created. We have extended our software to handle time-varying data where the data changes but the grid does not. We are now working on extending it to handle more general time-varying data. We have also developed a new extension of our direct volume renderer that uses automatic decimation of the 3D grid, as opposed to an explicit hierarchy. We explored this alternative approach as being more appropriate for very large data sets, where the extra expense of a tree may be unacceptable. We also describe a new approach to direct volume rendering using hardware 3D textures and incorporates lighting effects. Volume rendering using hardware 3D textures is extremely fast, and machines capable of using this technique are becoming more moderately priced. While this technique, at present, is limited to use with regular grids, we are pursuing possible algorithms extending the approach to more general grid types. We have also begun to explore a new method for determining the accuracy of approximate models based on the light field method described at ACM SIGGRAPH '96. In our initial implementation, we automatically image the volume from 32 equi-distant positions on the surface of an enclosing tessellated sphere. We then calculate differences between these images under different conditions of volume approximation or decimation. We are studying whether this will give a quantitative measure of the effects of approximation. We have created new tools for exploring the differences between images produced by various rendering methods. Images created by our software can be stored in the SGI RGB format. Our idtools software reads in pair of images and compares them using various metrics. The differences of the images using the RGB, HSV, and HSL color models can be calculated and shown. We can also calculate the auto-correlation function and the Fourier transform of the image and image differences. We will explore how these image differences compare in order to find useful metrics for quantifying the success of various visualization approaches. In general, progress was consistent with our research plan for the second year of the grant.

MIS High-Purity Plutonium Oxide Metal Oxidation Product TS707001 (SSR123): Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Veirs, Douglas Kirk; Stroud, Mary Ann; Berg, John M.

A high-purity plutonium dioxide material from the Material Identification and Surveillance (MIS) Program inventory has been studied with regard to gas generation and corrosion in a storage environment. Sample TS707001 represents process plutonium oxides from several metal oxidation operations as well as impure and scrap plutonium from Hanford that are currently stored in 3013 containers. After calcination to 950°C, the material contained 86.98% plutonium with no major impurities. This study followed over time, the gas pressure of a sample with nominally 0.5 wt% water in a sealed container with an internal volume scaled to 1/500th of the volume of amore » 3013 container. Gas compositions were measured periodically over a six year period. The maximum observed gas pressure was 138 kPa. The increase over the initial pressure of 80 kPa was primarily due to generation of nitrogen and carbon dioxide gas in the first six months. Hydrogen and oxygen were minor components of the headspace gas. At the completion of the study, the internal components of the sealed container showed signs of corrosion, including pitting.« less

Methane clathrate stability zone variations and gas transport in the Martian subsurface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karatekin, O.; Gloesener, E.; Dehant, V. M. A.; Temel, O.

2016-12-01

During the last years, several detections of methane in the atmosphere of Mars were reported from Earth-based and Mars orbit instruments with abundances ranging to tens of parts-per-billion by volume (ppbv). Recently, the Curiosity rover detected methane with background levels of 0.7 ppbv and episodic releases of 7 ppbv. Although the methane sources are still unknown, this gas may have been stored in reservoirs of clathrate hydrate in the Martian subsurface where thermodynamics conditions are favourable to their presence. Clathrate hydrates are crystalline compounds constituted by cages formed by hydrogen-bonded water molecules inside of which guest gas molecules are trapped. In this study, methane clathrate stability in the Martian subsurface are investigated and their temporal and spatial variations are studied. Present-day maps of methane clathrate stability zone are produced by coupling the stability conditions of methane clathrate with a subsurface model using the available observations such as the the thermal inertia derived from TES MGS data. Then, a gas transport model has been used to study the methane flux at the surface due to the diffusion of different plausible methane volumes released by clathrate hydrates at variable depths under the Martian surface.

Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 1. Hudson Bay and upper Missouri River basins

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkas, Wayne R.; White, Melvin K.; Ladd, Patricia B.; Bailey, Fred A.; Dodge, Kent A.

2005-01-01

Water resources data for Montana for the 2004 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 134 streamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 18 lakes and reservoirs; and water-quality records for 66 streamflow stations (34 ungaged), and 13 ground-water wells. Additional water year 2004 data collected at crest-stage gage and miscellaneous-measurement sites were collected but are not published in this report. These data are stored within the District office files in Helena and are available on request. These data represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.

Water Resources Data, Montana, 2003; Volume 1. Hudson Bay and Upper Missouri River Basins

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkas, Wayne R.; White, Melvin K.; Ladd, Patricia B.; Bailey, Fred A.; Dodge, Kent A.

2004-01-01

Water resources data for Montana for the 2003 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 132 streamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 5 lakes and large reservoirs and content for 5 smaller reservoirs; and water-quality records for 66 streamflow stations (34 ungaged), and 7 ground-water wells. Additional water year 2003 data collected at crest-stage gage and miscellaneous-measurement sites were collected but are not published in this report. These data are stored within the District office files in Helena and are available on request. These data represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.

Hybrid energy storage systems utilizing redox active organic compounds

DOEpatents

Wang, Wei; Xu, Wu; Li, Liyu; Yang, Zhenguo

2015-09-08

Redox flow batteries (RFB) have attracted considerable interest due to their ability to store large amounts of power and energy. Non-aqueous energy storage systems that utilize at least some aspects of RFB systems are attractive because they can offer an expansion of the operating potential window, which can improve on the system energy and power densities. One example of such systems has a separator separating first and second electrodes. The first electrode includes a first current collector and volume containing a first active material. The second electrode includes a second current collector and volume containing a second active material. During operation, the first source provides a flow of first active material to the first volume. The first active material includes a redox active organic compound dissolved in a non-aqueous, liquid electrolyte and the second active material includes a redox active metal.

Natural Resource Information System. Volume 2: System operating procedures and instructions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A total computer software system description is provided for the prototype Natural Resource Information System designed to store, process, and display data of maximum usefulness to land management decision making. Program modules are described, as are the computer file design, file updating methods, digitizing process, and paper tape conversion to magnetic tape. Operating instructions for the system, data output, printed output, and graphic output are also discussed.

European Science Notes Information Bulletin Reports on Current European/ Middle Eastern Science

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

particularly those that involve shock wave/boundary layer cell-centered, finite-volume, explicit, Runge-Kutta interactions , still prov;de considerble...aircraft configuration attributed to using an interactive vcual grid generation was provided by A. Bocci and A. Baxendale, the Aircraft system developed...the surface pressure the complex problem of wing/body/pylon/store distributions with and without the mass flow through the interaction . Reasonable

Digital tissue and what it may reveal about the brain.

PubMed

Morgan, Josh L; Lichtman, Jeff W

2017-10-30

Imaging as a means of scientific data storage has evolved rapidly over the past century from hand drawings, to photography, to digital images. Only recently can sufficiently large datasets be acquired, stored, and processed such that tissue digitization can actually reveal more than direct observation of tissue. One field where this transformation is occurring is connectomics: the mapping of neural connections in large volumes of digitized brain tissue.

Post Remedial Action Report, Lansdowne Radioactive Residence Complex, Dismantlement/Removal Project. Volume 1. Government Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

25 5.1.1.2 Physical Examination ....................................... 26 5.1.1.3 In- Vivo lionitoring...thermoluminescent dosimeters ( TLD ) used on the Lansdowne project utilized a phosphor sensitive to ionizing radiation. The phosphor stored the energy of the...deposited in the body. in- vivo counting Measurements of internal radioactivity made at the surface (outside) of the body and based on the fact that

Initial fluvial response to the removal of Oregon's Marmot Dam

Treesearch

Jon J. Major; Jim E. O' Connor; Gordon E. Grant; Kurt R. Spicer; Heather M. Bragg; Abagail Rhode; Dwight Q. Tanner; Chauncey W. Anderson; J. Rose Wallick

2008-01-01

A temporary, 14-meter-high earthen cofferdam standing in place of Marmot Dam was breached on 19 October 2007, allowing the 80-kilometer-long Sandy River to flow freely from Mount Hood, Oregon, to the Columbia River for the first time in nearly 100 years. Marmot Dam is one of the largest dams in the Western United States (in terms of height and volume of stored sediment...

Ultra-Fine Highly Energetic Core-Shell Nanoparticles with Triggerable Protective Coatings

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-01

volume ratios and strong electronic coupling, which offers higher stored energy densities and decreased warhead size. Current technologies produce nano...aluminum (Al) – the most attractive high-energetic candidate for the use in explosives because of its density and high relative heat of oxide...major breakthrough in the area of explosive materials. II. Project Objectives The overall objective of this research program was to develop a new

Food Safety and Quality: Who does What in the Federal Government, Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-21

products; (2) consumers, industry, and health professionals, to aid in promoting a better awareness and understanding of food issues; and (3) foreign...service, food stores, and food vending in the form of model codes; promoting their adoption: and evaluating state programs; " providing sanitation...34 promoting sanitation control over all phases of shellfish growing, har- vesting, processing, and marketing operations; and " disseminating information about

Information Management: The Challenges of Managing Electronic Records. Testimony Before the Subcommittee on Information Policy, Census and National Archives, Committee on Oversight and Government Reform, House of Representatives. GAO-10-838T

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melvin, Valerie C.

2010-01-01

Federal agencies are increasingly using electronic means to create, exchange, and store information, and in doing so, they frequently create federal records: that is, information, in whatever form, that documents government functions, activities, decisions, and other important transactions. As the volume of electronic information grows, so does…

A Microscale Approach to Chemical Kinetics in the General Chemistry Laboratory: The Potassium Iodide Hydrogen Peroxide Iodine-Clock Reaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sattsangi, Prem D.

2011-01-01

A microscale laboratory for teaching chemical kinetics utilizing the iodine clock reaction is described. Plastic pipets, 3 mL volume, are used to store and deliver precise drops of reagents and the reaction is run in a 24 well plastic tray using a total 60 drops of reagents. With this procedure, students determine the rate of reaction and the…

Polyurethane retainers for ball bearings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christy, R. I.

1973-01-01

Evaluation of a new ball bearing retainer material is reported. A special composite polyurethane foam ball retainer has been developed that has virtually zero wear, is chemically inert to hydrocarbon lubricants, and stores up to 60 times as much lubricant per unit volume as the most commonly used retainer material, cotton phenolic. This new retainer concept shows promise of years of ball bearing operation without reoiling, based on life testing in high vacuum.

Quantifying Water Stress Using Total Water Volumes and GRACE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richey, A. S.; Famiglietti, J. S.; Druffel-Rodriguez, R.

2011-12-01

Water will follow oil as the next critical resource leading to unrest and uprisings globally. To better manage this threat, an improved understanding of the distribution of water stress is required today. This study builds upon previous efforts to characterize water stress by improving both the quantification of human water use and the definition of water availability. Current statistics on human water use are often outdated or inaccurately reported nationally, especially for groundwater. This study improves these estimates by defining human water use in two ways. First, we use NASA's Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) to isolate the anthropogenic signal in water storage anomalies, which we equate to water use. Second, we quantify an ideal water demand by using average water requirements for the domestic, industrial, and agricultural water use sectors. Water availability has traditionally been limited to "renewable" water, which ignores large, stored water sources that humans use. We compare water stress estimates derived using either renewable water or the total volume of water globally. We use the best-available data to quantify total aquifer and surface water volumes, as compared to groundwater recharge and surface water runoff from land-surface models. The work presented here should provide a more realistic image of water stress by explicitly quantifying groundwater, defining water availability as total water supply, and using GRACE to more accurately quantify water use.

Intracellular Ca2+ release and Ca2+ influx during regulatory volume decrease in IMCD cells.

PubMed

Tinel, H; Wehner, F; Sauer, H

1994-07-01

Volume changes and cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells under hypotonic stress were monitored by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy and fura 2 fluorescence, respectively. Reduction of extracellular osmolality from 600 to 300 mosmol/kgH2O by omission of sucrose led to an increase in cell volume within 1 min to 135 +/- 3% (n = 9), followed by a partial regulatory volume decrease (RVD) to 109 +/- 2% (n = 9) within the ensuring 5 min. In parallel, [Ca2+]i rose from 145 +/- 9 to 433 +/- 16 nmol/l (n = 9) and thereafter reached a lower steady state of 259 +/- 9 nmol/l. Under low-Ca2+ conditions (10 nmol/l) RVD was not impeded and reduction of osmolality evoked only a transient increase of [Ca2+]i by 182 +/- 22 nmol/l (n = 6). Preincubation with 100 mumol/l 8-(N,N-diethylamino)octyl-3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzoate hydrochloride (TMB-8) or 20 mmol/l caffeine, both effective inhibitors of Ca2+ release from intracellular stores, in low Ca2+ as well as in high Ca2+, inhibited the Ca2+ response and abolished RVD. The temporal relationship between Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and Ca2+ entry was analyzed by determining fura 2 quenching, using Mn2+ as a substitute for external Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ release preceded Mn2+ influx by 17 +/- 3 s (n = 10). Mn2+ influx persisted during the whole period of exposure to hypotonicity, indicating that there is no time-dependent Ca2+ channel inactivation. Preincubation with TMB-8 or caffeine reduced Mn2+ influx to the control level, indicating that activation of Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane occurs via intracellular Ca2+ release.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

High data volume and transfer rate techniques used at NASA's image processing facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heffner, P.; Connell, E.; Mccaleb, F.

1978-01-01

Data storage and transfer operations at a new image processing facility are described. The equipment includes high density digital magnetic tape drives and specially designed controllers to provide an interface between the tape drives and computerized image processing systems. The controller performs the functions necessary to convert the continuous serial data stream from the tape drive to a word-parallel blocked data stream which then goes to the computer-based system. With regard to the tape packing density, 1.8 times 10 to the tenth data bits are stored on a reel of one-inch tape. System components and their operation are surveyed, and studies on advanced storage techniques are summarized.

Special report on the data collection programs for the ground based nitrogen washout experiment. Volume 1: User's guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bueker, P. A.

1982-01-01

The Nitrogen Washout System measures nitrogen elimination on a breath basis from the body tissues of a subject breathing pure oxygen. The system serves as a prototype for a Space Shuttle Life Sciences experiment and in the Environmental Physiology Laboratory. Typically, a subject washes out body nitrogen for three hours while breathing oxygen from a mask enclosed in a positive-pressure oxygen tent. A nitrogen washout requires one test operator and the test subject. A DEC LSI-11/02 computer is used to (1) control and calibrate the mass spectrometer and Skylab spirometer, (2) gather and store experimental data and (3) provide limited real time analysis and more extensive post-experiment analysis. Five programs are used to gather and store the experimental data and perform all the real time control and analysis.

Big data challenges for large radio arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, D. L.; Wagstaff, K.; Thompson, D. R.; D'Addario, L.; Navarro, R.; Mattmann, C.; Majid, W.; Lazio, J.; Preston, J.; Rebbapragada, U.

2012-03-01

Future large radio astronomy arrays, particularly the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), will be able to generate data at rates far higher than can be analyzed or stored affordably with current practices. This is, by definition, a "big data" problem, and requires an end-to-end solution if future radio arrays are to reach their full scientific potential. Similar data processing, transport, storage, and management challenges face next-generation facilities in many other fields. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is developing technologies to address big data issues, with an emphasis in three areas: 1) Lower-power digital processing architectures to make highvolume data generation operationally affordable, 2) Date-adaptive machine learning algorithms for real-time analysis (or "data triage") of large data volumes, and 3) Scalable data archive systems that allow efficient data mining and remote user code to run locally where the data are stored.

Videofile for Law Enforcement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Components of a videotape storage and retrieval system originally developed for NASA have been adapted as a tool for law enforcement agencies. Ampex Corp., Redwood City, Cal., built a unique system for NASA-Marshall. The first application of professional broadcast technology to computerized record-keeping, it incorporates new equipment for transporting tapes within the system. After completing the NASA system, Ampex continued development, primarily to improve image resolution. The resulting advanced system, known as the Ampex Videofile, offers advantages over microfilm for filing, storing, retrieving, and distributing large volumes of information. The system's computer stores information in digital code rather than in pictorial form. While microfilm allows visual storage of whole documents, it requires a step before usage--developing the film. With Videofile, the actual document is recorded, complete with photos and graphic material, and a picture of the document is available instantly.

Chemical Reaction between Boric Acid and Phosphine Indicates Boric Acid as an Antidote for Aluminium Phosphide Poisoning

PubMed Central

Soltani, Motahareh; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed F.; Shetab-Boushehri, Seyed V.

2016-01-01

Objectives: Aluminium phosphide (AlP) is a fumigant pesticide which protects stored grains from insects and rodents. When it comes into contact with moisture, AlP releases phosphine (PH3), a highly toxic gas. No efficient antidote has been found for AlP poisoning so far and most people who are poisoned do not survive. Boric acid is a Lewis acid with an empty p orbital which accepts electrons. This study aimed to investigate the neutralisation of PH3 gas with boric acid. Methods: This study was carried out at the Baharlou Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran, between December 2013 and February 2014. The volume of released gas, rate of gas evolution and changes in pH were measured during reactions of AlP tablets with water, acidified water, saturated boric acid solution, acidified saturated boric acid solution, activated charcoal and acidified activated charcoal. Infrared spectroscopy was used to study the resulting probable adduct between PH3 and boric acid. Results: Activated charcoal significantly reduced the volume of released gas (P <0.01). Although boric acid did not significantly reduce the volume of released gas, it significantly reduced the rate of gas evolution (P <0.01). A gaseous adduct was formed in the reaction between pure AlP and boric acid. Conclusion: These findings indicate that boric acid may be an efficient and non-toxic antidote for PH3 poisoning. PMID:27606109

A method for examining the geospatial distribution of CO2 storage resources applied to the Pre-Punta Gorda Composite and Dollar Bay reservoirs of the South Florida Basin, U.S.A

USGS Publications Warehouse

Roberts-Ashby, Tina; Brandon N. Ashby,

2016-01-01

This paper demonstrates geospatial modification of the USGS methodology for assessing geologic CO2 storage resources, and was applied to the Pre-Punta Gorda Composite and Dollar Bay reservoirs of the South Florida Basin. The study provides detailed evaluation of porous intervals within these reservoirs and utilizes GIS to evaluate the potential spatial distribution of reservoir parameters and volume of CO2 that can be stored. This study also shows that incorporating spatial variation of parameters using detailed and robust datasets may improve estimates of storage resources when compared to applying uniform values across the study area derived from small datasets, like many assessment methodologies. Geospatially derived estimates of storage resources presented here (Pre-Punta Gorda Composite = 105,570 MtCO2; Dollar Bay = 24,760 MtCO2) were greater than previous assessments, which was largely attributed to the fact that detailed evaluation of these reservoirs resulted in higher estimates of porosity and net-porous thickness, and areas of high porosity and thick net-porous intervals were incorporated into the model, likely increasing the calculated volume of storage space available for CO2 sequestration. The geospatial method for evaluating CO2 storage resources also provides the ability to identify areas that potentially contain higher volumes of storage resources, as well as areas that might be less favorable.

Transparent volume imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wixson, Steve E.

1990-07-01

Transparent Volume Imaging began with the stereo xray in 1895 and ended for most investigators when radiation safety concerns eliminated the second view. Today, similiar images can be generated by the computer without safety hazards providing improved perception and new means of image quantification. A volumetric workstation is under development based on an operational prototype. The workstation consists of multiple symbolic and numeric processors, binocular stereo color display generator with large image memory and liquid crystal shutter, voice input and output, a 3D pointer that uses projection lenses so that structures in 3 space can be touched directly, 3D hard copy using vectograph and lenticular printing, and presentation facilities using stereo 35mm slide and stereo video tape projection. Volumetric software includes a volume window manager, Mayo Clinic's Analyze program and our Digital Stereo Microscope (DSM) algorithms. The DSM uses stereo xray-like projections, rapidly oscillating motion and focal depth cues such that detail can be studied in the spatial context of the entire set of data. Focal depth cues are generated with a lens and apeture algorithm that generates a plane of sharp focus, and multiple stereo pairs each with a different plane of sharp focus are generated and stored in the large memory for interactive selection using a physical or symbolic depth selector. More recent work is studying non-linear focussing. Psychophysical studies are underway to understand how people perce ive images on a volumetric display and how accurately 3 dimensional structures can be quantitated from these displays.

An observational study of retail availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London: potential to undermine recent tobacco control gains?

PubMed Central

Hsu, Robert; Myers, Allison E; Ribisl, Kurt M; Marteau, Theresa M

2013-01-01

Objectives E-cigarette companies and vendors claim the potential of e-cigarettes to help smokers reduce or quit tobacco use. E-cigarettes also have the potential to renormalise smoking. The purpose of this study was to describe the availability and in-store marketing of e-cigarettes in London, UK stores selling tobacco and alcohol. Design Observational study. Setting Small and large stores selling alcohol and tobacco in London, UK. Primary and secondary outcome measures The number of stores selling e-cigarettes, the number of stores with an interior or exterior e-cigarette advertisement, the number of stores with an e-cigarette point-of-sale movable display, store size, deprivation index score for store's corresponding lower super output area. Results Audits were completed in 108 of 128 selected stores. 62 of the audited stores (57%) sold e-cigarettes. E-cigarette availability was unrelated to store size. There was a statistically non-significant trend towards increased availability in more deprived areas (p=0.069). 31 of the 62 stores (50%) selling e-cigarettes had a point-of-sale movable display, with all but one found in small stores. Two small stores had interior advertisements and eight had exterior advertisements. No advertisements were observed in large stores. Conclusions This audit revealed widespread availability of e-cigarettes and in-store marketing in London, UK. Even if e-cigarettes prove to be an effective cessation aid, their sale and use are resulting in an increasing public presence of cigarette-like images and smoking behaviour. After decades of work to denormalise smoking, these findings raise the question of whether e-cigarettes are renormalising smoking. PMID:24366581

Reinforcement of the Cube texture during recrystallization of a 1050 aluminum alloy partially recrystallized and 10% cold-rolled

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Wei; Helbert, Anne-Laure, E-mail: anne-laure.helbert@u-psud.fr; Baudin, Thierry

In high purity Aluminum, very strong {l_brace}100{r_brace}<001> recrystallization texture is developed after 98% cold rolling and annealing at 500 Degree-Sign C. On the contrary, in Aluminum alloys of commercial purity, the Cube component hardly exceeds 30% after complete recrystallization. Parameters controlling Cube orientation development are mainly the solute dragging due to impurities in solid solution and the stored deformation energy. In the present study, besides the 85% cold rolling, two extra annealings and a slight cold rolling are introduced in the processing route to increase the Cube volume fraction. The Cube development was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and Electron BackScatteredmore » Diffraction (EBSD). The nucleation and growth mechanisms responsible for the large Cube growth were investigated using FEG/EBSD in-situ heating experiments. Continuous recrystallization was observed in Cube oriented grains and competed with SIBM (Strain Induced Boundary Migration) mechanism. This latter was favored by the stored energy gap introduced during the additional cold-rolling between the Cube grains and their neighbors. Finally, a Cube volume fraction of 65% was reached after final recrystallization. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer EBSD in-situ heating experiments of aluminum alloy of commercial purity. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer A 10% cold-rolling after a partial recrystallization improved Cube nucleation and growth. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Annealing before cold-rolling limited the solute drag effect and permitted a large Cube growth. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cube development is enhanced by continuous recrystallization of Cube sub-grains. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The preferential Cube growth occurs by SIBM of small Cube grains.« less

Effect of sildenafil citrate (Viagra®) on trace element concentration in serum and brain of rats.

PubMed

Fayed, Abdel-Hasseb A; Gad, Shereen B

2011-12-01

As a vasodilator with good hemodynamic effects, sildenafil has been successfully used in the treatment of patients with pulmonary hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. By selectively inhibiting phosphodiestrase type 5 (PDE-5) and thus effectively reducing the breakdown of c GMP, sildenafil administration can markedly improve the erectile dysfunction. Sildenafil also elevates localized cerebral blood flow in rat brain. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of sildenafil on the level of trace elements (Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), and chromium (Cr)) in blood and brain of rats. Sixteen male albino rats weighing 180-200 g were divided into two groups (8 rats/group). Sildenafil (Viagra, Pfizer Inc.) was dissolved in saline and administered at a dose of 10mg/kg i.p. (0.5 ml volume) to rats in the treated group every 72 h for 12 injections. Rats in the control group were administered the same volume of saline as in treated group. All rats were sacrificed 24h after the last injection. Blood samples were collected and serum was separated and stored at -20°C. Brains were dissected and stored frozen until analysis. Trace elements concentrations were determined by flame emission atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Results showed that sildenafil injection significantly (P<0.05) increased serum and brain Se and Cu concentrations. Moreover, sildenafil increased the Cr concentration in the brain tissue. It was concluded that sildenafil citrate administration increased serum Se and Cu as well as, increased brain Se, Cu, and Cr concentrations in rats. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Preliminary analytical study on the feasibility of using reinforced concrete pile foundations for renewable energy storage by compressed air energy storage technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tulebekova, S.; Saliyev, D.; Zhang, D.; Kim, J. R.; Karabay, A.; Turlybek, A.; Kazybayeva, L.

2017-11-01

Compressed air energy storage technology is one of the promising methods that have high reliability, economic feasibility and low environmental impact. Current applications of the technology are mainly limited to energy storage for power plants using large scale underground caverns. This paper explores the possibility of making use of reinforced concrete pile foundations to store renewable energy generated from solar panels or windmills attached to building structures. The energy will be stored inside the pile foundation with hollow sections via compressed air. Given the relatively small volume of storage provided by the foundation, the required storage pressure is expected to be higher than that in the large-scale underground cavern. The high air pressure typically associated with large temperature increase, combined with structural loads, will make the pile foundation in a complicated loading condition, which might cause issues in the structural and geotechnical safety. This paper presents a preliminary analytical study on the performance of the pile foundation subjected to high pressure, large temperature increase and structural loads. Finite element analyses on pile foundation models, which are built from selected prototype structures, have been conducted. The analytical study identifies maximum stresses in the concrete of the pile foundation under combined pressure, temperature change and structural loads. Recommendations have been made for the use of reinforced concrete pile foundations for renewable energy storage.

No meaningful association of neighborhood food store availability with dietary intake, body mass index, or waist circumference in young Japanese women.

PubMed

Murakami, Kentaro; Sasaki, Satoshi; Takahashi, Yoshiko; Uenishi, Kazuhiro

2010-08-01

The affordability of food is considered as an important factor influencing people's diet and hence health status. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to test the hypothesis that neighborhood food store availability is associated with some aspects of dietary intake and thus possibly with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in young Japanese women. Subjects were 989 female Japanese dietetic students 18 to 22 years of age. Neighborhood food store availability was defined as the number of food stores within a 0.5-mile (0.8-km) radius of residence (meat stores, fish stores, fruit and vegetable stores, confectionery stores/bakeries, rice stores, convenience stores, and supermarkets/grocery stores). Dietary intake was estimated using a validated, comprehensive self-administered diet history questionnaire. No association was seen between any measure of neighborhood food store availability and dietary intake, except for a positive association between confectionery and bread availability (based on confectionery stores/bakeries, convenience stores, and supermarkets/grocery stores) and intake of these items (P for trend = .02). Further, no association was seen for BMI or waist circumference, except for an inverse relationship between availability of convenience stores and BMI and a positive relationship between store availability for meat (meat stores and supermarkets/grocery stores) and fish (fish stores and supermarkets/grocery stores) and waist circumference. In conclusion, this study of young Japanese women found no meaningful association between neighborhood food store availability and dietary intake, BMI, or waist circumference, with the exception of a positive relationship between availability and intake for confectionery and bread. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dried blood spots as a source of anti-malarial antibodies for epidemiological studies

PubMed Central

Corran, Patrick H; Cook, Jackie; Lynch, Caroline; Leendertse, Heleen; Manjurano, Alphaxard; Griffin, Jamie; Cox, Jonathan; Abeku, Tarekegn; Bousema, Teun; Ghani, Azra C; Drakeley, Chris; Riley, Eleanor

2008-01-01

Background Blood spots collected onto filter paper are an established and convenient source of antibodies for serological diagnosis and epidemiological surveys. Although recommendations for the storage and analysis of small molecule analytes in blood spots exist, there are no published systematic studies of the stability of antibodies under different storage conditions. Methods Blood spots, on filter paper or glass fibre mats and containing malaria-endemic plasma, were desiccated and stored at various temperatures for different times. Eluates of these spots were assayed for antibodies against two Plasmodium falciparum antigens, MSP-119 and MSP2, and calculated titres used to fit an exponential (first order kinetic) decay model. The first order rate constants (k) for each spot storage temperature were used to fit an Arrhenius equation, in order to estimate the thermal and temporal stability of antibodies in dried blood spots. The utility of blood spots for serological assays was confirmed by comparing antibodies eluted from blood spots with the equivalent plasma values in a series of samples from North Eastern Tanzania and by using blood spot-derived antibodies to estimate malaria transmission intensity in this site and for two localities in Uganda. Results Antibodies in spots on filter paper and glass fibre paper had similar stabilities but blood was more easily absorbed onto filter papers than glass fibre, spots were more regular and spot size was more closely correlated with blood volume for filter paper spots. Desiccated spots could be stored at or below 4°C for extended periods, but were stable for only very limited periods at ambient temperature. When desiccated, recoveries of antibodies that are predominantly of IgG1 or IgG3 subclasses were similar. Recoveries of antibodies from paired samples of serum and of blood spots from Tanzania which had been suitably stored showed similar recoveries of antibodies, but spots which had been stored for extended periods at ambient humidity and temperature showed severe loss of recoveries. Estimates of malaria transmission intensity obtained from serum and from blood spots were similar, and values obtained using blood spots agreed well with entomologically determined values. Conclusion This study has demonstrated the suitability of filter paper blood spots paper for collection of serum antibodies, and provided clear guidelines for the treatment and storage of filter papers which emphasize the importance of desiccation and minimisation of time spent at ambient temperatures. A recommended protocol for collecting, storing and assaying blood spots is provided. PMID:18826573

Investigating energy-saving potentials in the cloud.

PubMed

Lee, Da-Sheng

2014-02-20

Collecting webpage messages can serve as a sensor for investigating the energy-saving potential of buildings. Focusing on stores, a cloud sensor system is developed to collect data and determine their energy-saving potential. The owner of a store under investigation must register online, report the store address, area, and the customer ID number on the electric meter. The cloud sensor system automatically surveys the energy usage records by connecting to the power company website and calculating the energy use index (EUI) of the store. Other data includes the chain store check, company capital, location price, and the influence of weather conditions on the store; even the exposure frequency of store under investigation may impact the energy usage collected online. After collecting data from numerous stores, a multi-dimensional data array is constructed to determine energy-saving potential by identifying stores with similarity conditions. Similarity conditions refer to analyzed results that indicate that two stores have similar capital, business scale, weather conditions, and exposure frequency on web. Calculating the EUI difference or pure technical efficiency of stores, the energy-saving potential is determined. In this study, a real case study is performed. An 8-dimensional (8D) data array is constructed by surveying web data related to 67 stores. Then, this study investigated the savings potential of the 33 stores, using a site visit, and employed the cloud sensor system to determine the saving potential. The case study results show good agreement between the data obtained by the site visit and the cloud investigation, with errors within 4.17%. Among 33 the samples, eight stores have low saving potentials of less than 5%. The developed sensor on the cloud successfully identifies them as having low saving potential and avoids wasting money on the site visit.

Investigating Energy-Saving Potentials in the Cloud

PubMed Central

Lee, Da-Sheng

2014-01-01

Collecting webpage messages can serve as a sensor for investigating the energy-saving potential of buildings. Focusing on stores, a cloud sensor system is developed to collect data and determine their energy-saving potential. The owner of a store under investigation must register online, report the store address, area, and the customer ID number on the electric meter. The cloud sensor system automatically surveys the energy usage records by connecting to the power company website and calculating the energy use index (EUI) of the store. Other data includes the chain store check, company capital, location price, and the influence of weather conditions on the store; even the exposure frequency of store under investigation may impact the energy usage collected online. After collecting data from numerous stores, a multi-dimensional data array is constructed to determine energy-saving potential by identifying stores with similarity conditions. Similarity conditions refer to analyzed results that indicate that two stores have similar capital, business scale, weather conditions, and exposure frequency on web. Calculating the EUI difference or pure technical efficiency of stores, the energy-saving potential is determined. In this study, a real case study is performed. An 8-dimensional (8D) data array is constructed by surveying web data related to 67 stores. Then, this study investigated the savings potential of the 33 stores, using a site visit, and employed the cloud sensor system to determine the saving potential. The case study results show good agreement between the data obtained by the site visit and the cloud investigation, with errors within 4.17%. Among 33 the samples, eight stores have low saving potentials of less than 5%. The developed sensor on the cloud successfully identifies them as having low saving potential and avoids wasting money on the site visit. PMID:24561405

Real-Time Fourier Transformed Holographic Associative Memory With Photorefractive Material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Changsuk, Oh; Hankyu, Park

1989-02-01

We describe a volume holographic associative memory using photorefractive material and conventional planar mirror. Multiple hologram is generated with two angular multiplexed writing beams and Fourier transformed object beam in BaTiO3 crystal at 0.6328 μm. Complete image can be recalled successfully by partial input of original stored image. It is proved that our system is useful for optical implementation of real-time associative memory and location addressable memory.

National Information Systems Security Conference (19th) held in Baltimore, Maryland on October 22-25, 1996. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-10-25

been demonstrated that steganography is ineffective 195 when images are stored using this compression algorithm [2]. Difficulty in designing a general...Despite the relative ease of employing steganography to covertly transport data in an uncompressed 24-bit image , lossy compression algorithms based on... image , the security threat that steganography poses cannot be completely eliminated by application of a transform-based lossy compression algorithm

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Kommunist, No. 10, July 1989.

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-21

the verbal husks from the ornaments, allegedly had very little to do with class antagonism. The requirement of class nature here is most often...tea. All such goods, including coconuts and bananas, are almost always available in the stores. Coco- nuts, for example, may not enjoy particular... coconuts than not to purchase them. In recent years the country has begun to import substan- tial volumes of grain as well, about half a million tons

Pictorial Formats. Volume 1. Format Development

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

inside a threat envelope when the map scale prevents showing the normal cues. 3.1.4 Special Topographic Formats The primary tactical interest in...coverage is in white to prevent confuzing it with the threat’s envelopes. The border between, PMAXI and RMAX2 missile ranges is lined with yellow and... prevent confusion with red-coded emergency action items. 4.3 STORES DISPLAYS: COLOR RASTER Figures 55, 56, 57 and 58 illustrate the color raster

Analyst Performance Measures. Volume 1: Persistent Surveillance Data Processing, Storage and Retrieval

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

solutions to address these important challenges . The Air Force is seeking innovative architectures to process and store massive data sets in a flexible...Google Earth, the Video LAN Client ( VLC ) media player, and the Environmental Systems Research Institute corporation‘s (ESRI) ArcGIS product — to...Earth, Quantum GIS, VLC Media Player, NASA WorldWind, ESRI ArcGIS and many others. Open source GIS and media visualization software can also be

Compendium of Aerospace Medicine. Volume 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-07-01

storing, if their duration remains in the order of weeks. It all depends on the permissible payload. Also the introduction of new exotic absorbents...higher and upper atmosphere, and the blue sky is indirect sunlight, scattered by the air molecules. Behind’ this veil of scattered light the stars remain ...different particle composition. But all of this remains open for exploration by means of Martian fly-by’s and orbiters. Atmosphere: What is the lower

Hierachical Data Format 5 v1.10

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

KOZIOL, QUINCEY

2016-04-20

HDF5 is a data model, library, and file format for storing and managing data. It supports an unlimited variety of datatypes, and is designed for flexible and efficient I/O and for high volume and complex data. HDF5 is portable and is extensible, allowing applications to evolve in their use of HDF5. The HDF5 Technology suite includes tools and applications for managing, manipulating, viewing, and analyzing data in the HDF5 format.

Guidelines for the Collection, Maintenance & Dissemination of Pupil Records. Report of a Conference on the Ethical & Legal Aspects of School Record Keeping. (Sterling Forest, New York, May 25-28, 1969).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell Sage Foundation, New York, NY.

Modern technology has given us the ability to record, store, retrieve, and disseminate large volumes of data. Though technically efficient, such a procedure can be misused and thus constitute an invasion of privacy. Most school systems maintain extensive student records, but few have systematic policies regarding dissemination of such information.…

Conceptual design of thermal energy storage systems for near term electric utility applications. Volume 1: Screening of concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hausz, W.; Berkowitz, B. J.; Hare, R. C.

1978-01-01

Over forty thermal energy storage (TES) concepts gathered from the literature and personal contacts were studied for their suitability for the electric utility application of storing energy off-peak discharge during peak hours. Twelve selections were derived from the concepts for screening; they used as storage media high temperature water (HTW), hot oil, molten salts, and packed beds of solids such as rock. HTW required pressure containment by prestressed cast-iron or concrete vessels, or lined underground cavities. Both steam generation from storage and feedwater heating from storage were studied. Four choices were made for further study during the project. Economic comparison by electric utility standard cost practices, and near-term availability (low technical risk) were principal criteria but suitability for utility use, conservation potential, and environmental hazards were considered.

A Stochastic Model For Extracting Sediment Delivery Timescales From Sediment Budgets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pizzuto, J. E.; Benthem, A.; Karwan, D. L.; Keeler, J. J.; Skalak, K.

2015-12-01

Watershed managers need to quantify sediment storage and delivery timescales to understand the time required for best management practices to improve downstream water quality. To address this need, we route sediment downstream using a random walk through a series of valley compartments spaced at 1 km intervals. The probability of storage within each compartment, q, is specified from a sediment budget and is defined as the ratio of the volume deposited to the annual sediment flux. Within each compartment, the probability of sediment moving directly downstream without being stored is p=1-q. If sediment is stored within a compartment, its "resting time" is specified by a stochastic exponential waiting time distribution with a mean of 10 years. After a particle's waiting time is over, it moves downstream to the next compartment by fluvial transport. Over a distance of "n" compartments, a sediment particle may be stored from 0 to n times with the probability of each outcome (store or not store) specified by the binomial distribution. We assign q = 0.02, a stream velocity of 0.5 m/s, an event "intermittency "of 0.01, and assume a balanced sediment budget. Travel time probability density functions have a steep peak at the shortest times, representing rapid transport in the channel of the fraction of sediment that moves downstream without being stored. However, the probability of moving downstream "n" km without storage is pn (0.90 for 5 km, 0.36 for 50 km, 0.006 for 250 km), so travel times are increasingly dominated by storage with increasing distance. Median travel times for 5, 50, and 250 km are 0.03, 4.4, and 46.5 years. After a distance of approximately 2/q or 100 km (2/0.02/km), the median travel time is determined by storage timescales, and active fluvial transport is irrelevant. Our model extracts travel time statistics from sediment budgets, and can be cast as a differential equation and solved numerically for more complex systems.

Efficient visibility encoding for dynamic illumination in direct volume rendering.

PubMed

Kronander, Joel; Jönsson, Daniel; Löw, Joakim; Ljung, Patric; Ynnerman, Anders; Unger, Jonas

2012-03-01

We present an algorithm that enables real-time dynamic shading in direct volume rendering using general lighting, including directional lights, point lights, and environment maps. Real-time performance is achieved by encoding local and global volumetric visibility using spherical harmonic (SH) basis functions stored in an efficient multiresolution grid over the extent of the volume. Our method enables high-frequency shadows in the spatial domain, but is limited to a low-frequency approximation of visibility and illumination in the angular domain. In a first pass, level of detail (LOD) selection in the grid is based on the current transfer function setting. This enables rapid online computation and SH projection of the local spherical distribution of visibility information. Using a piecewise integration of the SH coefficients over the local regions, the global visibility within the volume is then computed. By representing the light sources using their SH projections, the integral over lighting, visibility, and isotropic phase functions can be efficiently computed during rendering. The utility of our method is demonstrated in several examples showing the generality and interactive performance of the approach.

Estimating the volume and age of water stored in global lakes using a geo-statistical approach

PubMed Central

Messager, Mathis Loïc; Lehner, Bernhard; Grill, Günther; Nedeva, Irena; Schmitt, Oliver

2016-01-01

Lakes are key components of biogeochemical and ecological processes, thus knowledge about their distribution, volume and residence time is crucial in understanding their properties and interactions within the Earth system. However, global information is scarce and inconsistent across spatial scales and regions. Here we develop a geo-statistical model to estimate the volume of global lakes with a surface area of at least 10 ha based on the surrounding terrain information. Our spatially resolved database shows 1.42 million individual polygons of natural lakes with a total surface area of 2.67 × 106 km2 (1.8% of global land area), a total shoreline length of 7.2 × 106 km (about four times longer than the world's ocean coastline) and a total volume of 181.9 × 103 km3 (0.8% of total global non-frozen terrestrial water stocks). We also compute mean and median hydraulic residence times for all lakes to be 1,834 days and 456 days, respectively. PMID:27976671

Role of the Vascular Wall in Sodium Homeostasis and Salt Sensitivity

PubMed Central

Olde Engberink, Rik H.G.; Rorije, Nienke M.G.; Homan van der Heide, Jaap J.; van den Born, Bert-Jan H.

2015-01-01

Excessive sodium intake is associated with both hypertension and an increased risk of cardiovascular events, presumably because of an increase in extracellular volume. The extent to which sodium intake affects extracellular volume and BP varies considerably among individuals, discriminating subjects who are salt-sensitive from those who are salt-resistant. Recent experiments have shown that, other than regulation by the kidney, sodium homeostasis is also regulated by negatively charged glycosaminoglycans in the skin interstitium, where sodium is bound to glycosaminoglycans without commensurate effects on extracellular volume. The endothelial surface layer is a dynamic layer on the luminal side of the endothelium that is in continuous exchange with flowing blood. Because negatively charged glycosaminoglycans are abundantly present in this layer, it may act as an intravascular buffer compartment that allows sodium to be transiently stored. This review focuses on the putative role of the endothelial surface layer as a contributor to salt sensitivity, the consequences of a perturbed endothelial surface layer on sodium homeostasis, and the endothelial surface layer as a possible target for the treatment of hypertension and an expanded extracellular volume. PMID:25294232

Ultra-High Density Holographic Memory Module with Solid-State Architecture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Markov, Vladimir B.

2000-01-01

NASA's terrestrial. space, and deep-space missions require technology that allows storing. retrieving, and processing a large volume of information. Holographic memory offers high-density data storage with parallel access and high throughput. Several methods exist for data multiplexing based on the fundamental principles of volume hologram selectivity. We recently demonstrated that a spatial (amplitude-phase) encoding of the reference wave (SERW) looks promising as a way to increase the storage density. The SERW hologram offers a method other than traditional methods of selectivity, such as spatial de-correlation between recorded and reconstruction fields, In this report we present the experimental results of the SERW-hologram memory module with solid-state architecture, which is of particular interest for space operations.

Evaluation of a Dispensing Instrument (Dynatech MIC-2000) for Preparing Microtiter Antibiotic Plates and Testing Their Potency During Storage

PubMed Central

McMaster, Philip R. B.; Robertson, E. Arthur; Witebsky, Frank G.; MacLowry, James D.

1978-01-01

The MIC-2000 96-channel dispenser was evaluated for accuracy and repeatability of dispensing 50-μl volumes of water. It was found to perform within the manufacturer's specifications for accuracy of ±5%, but not within the limits for repeatability of ±1%. Overall, instrument performance was found to be satisfactory for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing technique which has been implemented in this laboratory. A method is suggested for simple evaluation of the volumes dispensed. A variety of antibiotics may be stored in Trypticase soy broth in Microtiter plates without loss of potency for periods of at least 2 weeks at −20°C and 4 months at −70°C. PMID:666304

Random encoded reference beam for secure data storage in a holographic memory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Markov, Vladimir B.; Weber, David C.

2000-11-01

A method is presented to store biometric and/or other important information on an ID card in the form of a Card Hologram that cannot be read or duplicated without the use of a special Key Hologram that is secured inside of an automated reader. The Key Hologram produces the unique wavefront required to release the information contained in a complex, 3- D diffraction pattern recorded in a volume hologram attached to the card. Experimental results are presented in which the image of an Air Force resolution target are recorded and reconstructed in a volume material using a random speckle wavefront and that cannot be viewed using a simple wavefront such as a collimated or diverging laser beam.

Gluten-Free Bread: Influence of Sourdough and Compressed Yeast on Proofing and Baking Properties.

PubMed

Cappa, Carola; Lucisano, Mara; Raineri, Andrea; Fongaro, Lorenzo; Foschino, Roberto; Mariotti, Manuela

2016-10-23

The use of sourdough is the oldest biotechnological process to leaven baked goods, and it represents a suitable technology to improve traditional bread texture, aroma, and shelf life. A limited number of studies concerning the use of sourdough in gluten-free (GF) breadmaking have been published in comparison to those on traditional bread. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of GF breads obtained by using a previously in-lab developed GF-sourdough (SD), compressed yeast (CY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ) or their mixture (SDCY) as leavening agents; more specifically, it aims to confirm the findings of a previous studies and to further improve (both in terms of recipe and process) the features of the resulting GF breads. Dough pH and rheological properties were measured. Fresh and stored breads were characterized for weight, height, specific volume, crust and crumb color, moisture, water activity, crumb hardness, and porosity. The combination SDCY was effective in improving bread volume and softness when compared to SD only. Furthermore, SD- and SDCY-crumbs exhibited a less crumbly behavior during storage (69 h, 25 °C, 60% of relative humidity) in comparison to CY-breads. This study confirms the positive effect of SD in GF breadmaking, in particular when used in combination with CY.

Gluten-Free Bread: Influence of Sourdough and Compressed Yeast on Proofing and Baking Properties

PubMed Central

Cappa, Carola; Lucisano, Mara; Raineri, Andrea; Fongaro, Lorenzo; Foschino, Roberto; Mariotti, Manuela

2016-01-01

The use of sourdough is the oldest biotechnological process to leaven baked goods, and it represents a suitable technology to improve traditional bread texture, aroma, and shelf life. A limited number of studies concerning the use of sourdough in gluten-free (GF) breadmaking have been published in comparison to those on traditional bread. The aim of this study was to compare the properties of GF breads obtained by using a previously in-lab developed GF-sourdough (SD), compressed yeast (CY; Saccharomyces cerevisiae) or their mixture (SDCY) as leavening agents; more specifically, it aims to confirm the findings of a previous studies and to further improve (both in terms of recipe and process) the features of the resulting GF breads. Dough pH and rheological properties were measured. Fresh and stored breads were characterized for weight, height, specific volume, crust and crumb color, moisture, water activity, crumb hardness, and porosity. The combination SDCY was effective in improving bread volume and softness when compared to SD only. Furthermore, SD- and SDCY-crumbs exhibited a less crumbly behavior during storage (69 h, 25 °C, 60% of relative humidity) in comparison to CY-breads. This study confirms the positive effect of SD in GF breadmaking, in particular when used in combination with CY. PMID:28231163

The long-term stability of portable spirometers used in a multinational study of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

PubMed

Pérez-Padilla, Rogelio; Vázquez-García, Juan Carlos; Márquez, María Nelly; Jardim, José Roberto B; Pertuzé, Julio; Lisboa, Carmen; Muiño, Adriana; López, María Victorina; Tálamo, Carlos; de Oca, María Montes; Valdivia, Gonzalo; Menezes, Ana Maria B

2006-10-01

We report the performance of an ultrasound-based portable spirometer (EasyOne) used in a population-based survey of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, conducted in 5 Latin American cities: São Paulo, Brazil; México City, México; Montevideo, Uruguay; Santiago, Chile; and Caracas, Venezuela (the Latin American COPD Prevalence Study [PLATINO]). During the survey period (which ranged from 3 months to 6 months in the various locations) we collected daily calibration data from the 70 EasyOne spirometers used in the 5 survey cities. The calibrations were conducted with a 3-L syringe, and the calibration data were stored in the spirometer's database. Ninety-seven percent of the calibration volumes were within +/- 64 mL (2.1%) of the 3-L calibration signal. Excluding data from the first city studied (São Paulo), where one calibration syringe had to be replaced, 98% of the calibration checks were within +/- 50 mL (1.7%). The measured volume was affected only minimally by the syringe's peak flow or emptying time. In these 70 EasyOne spirometers neither calibration nor linearity changed during the study. Such calibration stability is a valuable feature in spirometry surveys and in the clinical setting.

Canine distemper outbreak in pet store puppies linked to a high-volume dog breeder.

PubMed

Schumaker, Brant A; Miller, Myrna M; Grosdidier, Paul; Cavender, Jacqueline L; Montgomery, Donald L; Cornish, Todd E; Farr, Robert M; Driscoll, Michael; Maness, Lori J; Gray, Tangney; Petersen, Dana; Brown, William L; Logan, Jim; O'Toole, Donal

2012-11-01

Canine distemper is uncommon in the pet trade in the United States, in large part due to effective vaccines against Canine distemper virus (CDV). This is a report of CDV affecting 24 young dogs of multiple breeds shortly after sale by 2 pet stores in Wyoming during August-October 2010. Cases were diagnosed over 37 days. Diagnosis was established by a combination of fluorescent antibody staining, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, negative stain electron microscopy, and necropsy with histopathology. Viral hemagglutinin gene sequences were analyzed from 2 affected dogs and were identical (GenBank accession no. JF283477). Sequences were distinct from those in a contemporaneous unrelated case of CDV in a Wyoming dog (JF283476) that had no contact with the pet store dogs. The breeding property from which the puppies originated was quarantined by the Kansas Animal Health Department. Puppies intended for sale were tested for CDV. Canine distemper was diagnosed on site in November 2010. At that point 1,466 dogs were euthanized to eliminate dispersal of the disease through commercial channels. The investigation underscores the risks inherent in large-scale dog breeding when vaccination and biosecurity practices are suboptimal.

Using OPC and HL7 Standards to Incorporate an Industrial Big Data Historian in a Health IT Environment.

PubMed

Cruz, Márcio Freire; Cavalcante, Carlos Arthur Mattos Teixeira; Sá Barretto, Sérgio Torres

2018-05-30

Health Level Seven (HL7) is one of the standards most used to centralize data from different vital sign monitoring systems. This solution significantly limits the data available for historical analysis, because it typically uses databases that are not effective in storing large volumes of data. In industry, a specific Big Data Historian, known as a Process Information Management System (PIMS), solves this problem. This work proposes the same solution to overcome the restriction on storing vital sign data. The PIMS needs a compatible communication standard to allow storing, and the one most commonly used is the OLE for Process Control (OPC). This paper presents a HL7-OPC Server that permits communication between vital sign monitoring systems with PIMS, thus allowing the storage of long historical series of vital signs. In addition, it carries out a review about local and cloud-based Big Medical Data researches, followed by an analysis of the PIMS in a Health IT Environment. Then it shows the architecture of HL7 and OPC Standards. Finally, it shows the HL7-OPC Server and a sequence of tests that proved its full operation and performance.

Using a Virtual Store As a Research Tool to Investigate Consumer In-store Behavior.

PubMed

Ploydanai, Kunalai; van den Puttelaar, Jos; van Herpen, Erica; van Trijp, Hans

2017-07-24

People's responses to products and/or choice environments are crucial to understanding in-store consumer behaviors. Currently, there are various approaches (e.g., surveys or laboratory settings) to study in-store behaviors, but the external validity of these is limited by their poor capability to resemble realistic choice environments. In addition, building a real store to meet experimental conditions while controlling for undesirable effects is costly and highly difficult. A virtual store developed by virtual reality techniques potentially transcends these limitations by offering the simulation of a 3D virtual store environment in a realistic, flexible, and cost-efficient way. In particular, a virtual store interactively allows consumers (participants) to experience and interact with objects in a tightly controlled yet realistic setting. This paper presents the key elements of using a desktop virtual store to study in-store consumer behavior. Descriptions of the protocol steps to: 1) build the experimental store, 2) prepare the data management program, 3) run the virtual store experiment, and 4) organize and export data from the data management program are presented. The virtual store enables participants to navigate through the store, choose a product from alternatives, and select or return products. Moreover, consumer-related shopping behaviors (e.g., shopping time, walking speed, and number and type of products examined and bought) can also be collected. The protocol is illustrated with an example of a store layout experiment showing that shelf length and shelf orientation influence shopping- and movement-related behaviors. This demonstrates that the use of a virtual store facilitates the study of consumer responses. The virtual store can be especially helpful when examining factors that are costly or difficult to change in real life (e.g., overall store layout), products that are not presently available in the market, and routinized behaviors in familiar environments.

Scalable Performance Measurement and Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gamblin, Todd

2009-01-01

Concurrency levels in large-scale, distributed-memory supercomputers are rising exponentially. Modern machines may contain 100,000 or more microprocessor cores, and the largest of these, IBM's Blue Gene/L, contains over 200,000 cores. Future systems are expected to support millions of concurrent tasks. In this dissertation, we focus on efficient techniques for measuring and analyzing the performance of applications running on very large parallel machines. Tuning the performance of large-scale applications can be a subtle and time-consuming task because application developers must measure and interpret data from many independent processes. While the volume of the raw data scales linearly with the number ofmore » tasks in the running system, the number of tasks is growing exponentially, and data for even small systems quickly becomes unmanageable. Transporting performance data from so many processes over a network can perturb application performance and make measurements inaccurate, and storing such data would require a prohibitive amount of space. Moreover, even if it were stored, analyzing the data would be extremely time-consuming. In this dissertation, we present novel methods for reducing performance data volume. The first draws on multi-scale wavelet techniques from signal processing to compress systemwide, time-varying load-balance data. The second uses statistical sampling to select a small subset of running processes to generate low-volume traces. A third approach combines sampling and wavelet compression to stratify performance data adaptively at run-time and to reduce further the cost of sampled tracing. We have integrated these approaches into Libra, a toolset for scalable load-balance analysis. We present Libra and show how it can be used to analyze data from large scientific applications scalably.« less

Gauging Systems Monitor Cryogenic Liquids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

Rocket fuel needs to stay cool - super cool, in fact. The ability to store gas propellants like liquid hydrogen and oxygen at cryogenic temperatures (below -243 F) is crucial for space missions in order to reduce their volumes and allow their storage in smaller (and therefore, less costly) tanks. The Agency has used these cryogenic fluids for vehicle propellants, reactants, and life support systems since 1962 with the Centaur upper stage rocket, which was powered with liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen. During proposed long-duration missions, super-cooled fluids will also be used in space power systems, spaceports, and lunar habitation systems. In the next generation of launch vehicles, gaseous propellants will be cooled to and stored for extended periods at even colder temperatures than currently employed via a process called densification. Densification sub-cools liquids to temperatures even closer to absolute zero (-459 F), increasing the fluid s density and shrinking its volume beyond common cryogenics. Sub-cooling cryogenic liquid hydrogen, for instance, from 20 K (-423 F) to 15 K (-432.4 F) reduces its mass by 10 percent. These densified liquid gases can provide more cost savings from reduced payload volume. In order to benefit from this cost savings, the Agency is working with private industry to prevent evaporation, leakage, and other inadvertent loss of liquids and gases in payloads - requiring new cryogenic systems to prevent 98 percent (or more) of boil-off loss. Boil-off occurs when cryogenic or densified liquids evaporate, and is a concern during launch pad holds. Accurate sensing of propellants aboard space vehicles is also critical for proper engine shutdown and re-ignition after launch, and zero boil-off fuel systems are also in development for the Altair lunar lander.

Assessing the Impact of Climate Change on Extreme Streamflow and Reservoir Operation for Nuuanu Watershed, Oahu, Hawaii

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leta, O. T.; El-Kadi, A. I.; Dulaiova, H.

2016-12-01

Extreme events, such as flooding and drought, are expected to occur at increased frequencies worldwide due to climate change influencing the water cycle. This is particularly critical for tropical islands where the local freshwater resources are very sensitive to climate. This study examined the impact of climate change on extreme streamflow, reservoir water volume and outflow for the Nuuanu watershed, using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. Based on the sensitive parameters screened by the Latin Hypercube-One-factor-At-a-Time (LH-OAT) method, SWAT was calibrated and validated to daily streamflow using the SWAT Calibration and Uncertainty Program (SWAT-CUP) at three streamflow gauging stations. Results showed that SWAT adequately reproduced the observed daily streamflow hydrographs at all stations. This was verified with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency that resulted in acceptable values of 0.58 to 0.88, whereby more than 90% of observations were bracketed within 95% model prediction uncertainty interval for both calibration and validation periods, signifying the potential applicability of SWAT for future prediction. The climate change impact on extreme flows, reservoir water volume and outflow was assessed under the Representative Concentration Pathways of 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios. We found wide changes in extreme peak and low flows ranging from -44% to 20% and -50% to -2%, respectively, compared to baseline. Consequently, the amount of water stored in Nuuanu reservoir will be decreased up to 27% while the corresponding outflow rates are expected to decrease up to 37% relative to the baseline. In addition, the stored water and extreme flows are highly sensitive to rainfall change when compared to temperature and solar radiation changes. It is concluded that the decrease in extreme low and peak flows can have serious consequences, such as flooding, drought, with detrimental effects on riparian ecological functioning. This study's results are expected to aid in reservoir operation as well as in identifying appropriate climate change adaptation strategies.

Stability of a novel corticosteroid nasal irrigation solution: betamethasone 17-valerate added to extemporaneously prepared nasal irrigation solutions.

PubMed

Ong, Kheng Yong; Lim, Wei Ching; Ooi, Shing Ming; Loh, Zhi Hui; Kong, Ming Chai; Chan, Lai Wah; Heng, Paul Wan Sia

2017-05-01

There are no commercially available nasal irrigation solutions containing corticosteroids. Instead, such preparations are extemporaneously prepared by adding existing corticosteroid formulations to nasal irrigation solutions. The stability of the corticosteroid betamethasone 17-valerate (B17V), in nasal irrigation solutions of different compositions and pH and stored under different temperatures, was studied to determine the optimal choice of solution and storage conditions. Triplicate extemporaneous preparations made with B17V were prepared by adding a predetermined volume of B17V lotion to each nasal irrigation solution: normal saline (NS), sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO 3 ) powder dissolved in tap water, and a commercially available powder mixture (FLO Sinus Care Powder), dissolved in tap water or pre-boiled tap water. Preparations were stored at 30°C and 4°C. Sampling was carried out at 0, 1, 2, 6, and 24 hours. The concentrations of B17V and its degradation compound, betamethasone 21-valerate (B21V), were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Preparations stored at 30°C contained a lower amount of B17V and higher amount of B21V than those stored at 4°C. B17V stability in nasal irrigation solutions decreased in the following order: NS, FLO in fresh tap water, FLO in pre-boiled tap water, and NaHCO 3 . The degradation rate of B17V increased with higher storage temperature and higher pH. B17V is most stable when added to NS and least stable in NaHCO 3 solution. FLO solution prepared with either cooled boiled water or tap water is an alternative if administered immediately. Storage at 4°C can better preserve stability of B17V, over a period of 24 hours. © 2017 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

Productivity of Stored Water in Some Selected Multiple Use Small Reservoirs in the Upper East Region of Ghana

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Annor, F. O.; Yamoah-Antwi, D.; Odai, S. N.; Adjei, K. A.; van de Giesen, N. C.

2009-04-01

The Upper East Region (UER) of Ghana is a water stressed area with agriculture as the main occupation of the inhabitants. The importance of small reservoirs for the sustenance of the livelihood of the people in this part of the country during the dry season cannot be over emphasized. Most of these small reservoirs were constructed, in the 1960s, mainly with the aim of providing water for domestic use and livestock watering during the dry periods of the year. Over the years, however, these small reservoirs have been put to a variety of uses, some of which accelerate the depletion of the stored water. The reservoirs are therefore most times, unable to serve the purposes for which they were constructed. To address this situation, a study was conducted to determine the productivity of stored water in small reservoirs to better inform policy makers and water managers in the allocation of water especially in the dry season. Water productivity can be thought of as the output (product) that can be obtained per unit volume of water used or applied for either crop or livestock production. Data on crops and livestock were obtained through questionnaire administration, interviews, focus group discussions, physical measurements as well as field observations from nine reservoirs in the UER. The research findings show that donkeys have the highest productivity of about US90 followed by cattle with US70. These high productivity values are as a result of the variety of products and services rendered by donkeys and cattle. For crop, tomatoes have the highest productivity value compared with pepper and leafy vegetables. Despite the fact that donkeys had the highest productivity and hence priority over all uses, it is prudent to note that, inhabitants of the study area aside the sale of livestock for money (income) keep livestock for prestige. Therefore in the allocation of stored water in small multiple use reservoirs, the allocation criteria should consider the views, values and believes of the inhabitants.

Carbon balance of CO2-EOR for NCNO classification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nunez-Lopez, Vanessa; Gil-Egui, Ramon; Gonzalez-Nicolas, Ana

The question of whether carbon dioxide enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) constitutes a valid alternative for greenhouse gas emission reduction has been frequently asked by the general public and environmental sectors. Through this technology, operational since 1972, oil production is enhanced by injecting CO2 into depleted oil reservoirs in order displace the residual oil toward production wells in a solvent/miscible process. For decades, the CO2 utilized for EOR has been most commonly sourced from natural CO2 accumulations. More recently, a few projects have emerged where anthropogenic CO2 (A-CO2) is captured at an industrial facility, transported to a depleted oil field, andmore » utilized for EOR. If carbon geologic storage is one of the project objectives, all the CO2 injected into the oil field for EOR could technically be stored in the formation. Even though the CO2 is being prevented from entering the atmosphere, and permanently stored away in a secured geologic formation, a question arises as to whether the total CO2 volumes stored in order to produce the incremental oil through EOR are larger than the CO2 emitted throughout the entire CO2-EOR process, including the capture facility, the EOR site, and the refining and burning of the end product. We intend to answer some of these questions through a DOE-NETL funded study titled “Carbon Life Cycle Analysis of CO2-EOR for Net Carbon Negative Oil (NCNO) Classification”. NCNO is defined as oil whose carbon emissions to the atmosphere, when burned or otherwise used, are less than the amount of carbon permanently stored in the reservoir in order to produce the oil. In this paper, we focus on the EOR site in what is referred to as a gate-to-gate system, but are inclusive of the burning of the refined product, as this end member is explicitly stated in the definition of NCNO. Finally, we use Cranfield, Mississippi, as a case study and come to the conclusion that the incremental oil produced is net carbon negative.« less

Feasibility of studying brain morphology in major depressive disorder with structural magnetic resonance imaging and clinical data from the electronic medical record: A pilot study

PubMed Central

Hoogenboom, Wouter S.; Perlis, Roy H.; Smoller, Jordan W.; Zeng-Treitler, Qing; Gainer, Vivian S.; Murphy, Shawn N.; Churchill, Susanne E.; Kohane, Isaac S.; Shenton, Martha E.; Iosifescu, Dan V.

2012-01-01

For certain research questions related to long-term outcomes or to rare disorders, designing prospective studies is impractical or prohibitively expensive. Such studies could instead utilize clinical and magnetic resonance imaging data (MRI) collected as part of routine clinical care, stored in the electronic medical record (EMR). Using major depressive disorder (MDD) as a disease model, we examined the feasibility of studying brain morphology and associations with remission using clinical and MRI data exclusively drawn from the EMR. Advanced automated tools were used to select MDD patients and controls from the EMR who had brain MRI data, but no diagnosed brain pathology. MDD patients were further assessed for remission status by review of clinical charts. Twenty MDD patients (eight full-remitters, six partial-remitters, and six non-remitters), and fifteen healthy control subjects met all study criteria for advanced morphometric analyses. Compared to controls, MDD patients had significantly smaller right rostral-anterior cingulate volume, and level of non-remission was associated with smaller left hippocampus and left rostral-middle frontal gyrus volume. The use of EMR data for psychiatric research may provide a timely and cost-effective approach with the potential to generate large study samples reflective of the real population with the illness studied. PMID:23149041

Dielectric Properties of Low-Level Liquid Waste

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

L. E. Lagos; M. A. Ebadian

1998-10-20

The purpose of this study was to develop a data collection containing values for the dielectric properties of various low-level liquid waste (LLLW) simulants measured as a function of frequency, temperature, and composition. The investigation was motivated by current interest in the use of microwave processing for the treatment of radioactive waste. A large volume of transuranic liquid and sludge produced by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) during the production of nuclear fiel bars is stored at several U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) sites around the United States. Waste storage and disposal space is scarce, expensive, and must bemore » minimized. Thus, several DOE sites are pursuing the use of microwave heating as a means of achieving volume reduction and solidification of low-level liquid wastes. It is important to know which microwave frequencies should be employed tc achieve the most efficient processing at a range of different temperatures. The dielectric properties of the LLLW simulants can be utilized to determine the optimum frequencies for use with a particular LLLW or with other LLLWS of similar composition. Furthermore, nonlinear thermal processes, such as thermal runaway, which occur in the material being treated cannot be modeled without a knowledge of the temperature dependence of the dielectric properties. Often, this data does not exist; however, when it does, only very limited data near room temperature are available. The data collection generated in this study can be used to predict the behavior of a variety of microwave thermal treatment technologies, which have the potential of substantially reducing the volume of the LLLWS that are currently stored at many DOE sites. This information should help the users of the microwave reduction and solidification technology to optimize microwave processes used in the treatment of LLLW. The microwave reduction and solidification technology has clear advantages over other methods of reducing LLLWS. These include the incineration of combustibles, the evaporation of combustibles, the evaporation of liquids, and the compaction of noncombustibles. The handling of radioactive liquid waste is generally carried out within closed systems consisting of highly corrosion-resistant, welded, leak-tight pipes, tanks, and other apparatus. High power microwave processing is a promising technology for reducing risks to the environment and human health, thereby supporting the DOE's decontamination and decommissioning (D&D) objectives.« less

West Hackberry Strategic Petroleum Reserve site brine disposal monitoring, Year I report. Volume V. Supporting data for estuarine hydrology, discharge plume analysis, chemical oceanography, biological oceanography, and data management. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DeRouen, L.R.; Hann, R.W.; Casserly, D.M.

1983-02-01

This project centers around the Strategic Petroleum Site (SPR) known as the West Hackberry salt dome which located in southwestern Louisiana, and which is designed to store 241 million barrels of crude oil. Oil storage caverns are formed by injecting water into salt deposits, and pumping out the resulting brine. Studies described in this report were designed as follow-on studies to three months of pre-discharge characterization work, and include data collected during the first year of brine leaching operations. The objectives were to: (1) characterize the environment in terms of physical, chemical and biological attributes; (2) determine if significant adversemore » changes in ecosystem productivity and stability of the biological community are occurring as a result of brine discharge; and (3) determine the magnitude of any change observed. Volume V contains appendices for the following: supporting data for estuarine hydrology and hydrography; supporting data analysis of discharge plume; supporting data for water and sediment chemistry; CTD/DO and pH profiles during biological monitoring; supporting data for nekton; and supporting data for data management.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuang, Xingya; Shankar, T.J.; Bi, X.T.

Wood pellets emit CO, CO2, CH4 and other volatiles during storage. Increased concentration of these gases in a sealed storage causes depletion of concentration of oxygen. The storage environment becomes toxic to those who operate in and around these storages. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of temperature, moisture and storage headspace on emissions from wood pellets in an enclosed space. Twelve 10-liter plastic containers were used to study the effects of headspace ratio (25%, 50%, and 75% of container volume) and temperatures (10-50oC). Another eight containers were set in uncontrolled storage relative humidity and temperature.more » Concentrations of CO2, CO and CH4 were measured by a gas chromatography (GC). The results showed that emissions of CO2, CO and CH4 from stored wood pellets are most sensitive to storage temperature. Higher peak emission factors are associated with higher temperatures. Increased headspace volume ratio increases peak off-gas emissions because of the availability of oxygen for pellet decomposition. Increased relative humidity in the enclosed container increases the rate of off-gas emissions of CO2, CO and CH4 and oxygen depletion.« less

High-efficiency volume holograms recording on acrylamide and N,N‧methylene-bis-acrylamide photopolymer with pulsed laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallego, S.; Ortuño, M.; García, C.; Neipp, C.; Beléndez, A.; Pascual, I.

2005-11-01

In order to achieve a better understanding of the mechanisms of hologram formation and higher diffraction efficiencies in volume gratings stored in acrylamide based photopolymers, a crosslinker (N,N'methylene-bis-acrylamide) has been incorporated in the photopolymer to record holograms by pulsed laser exposure. The presence of this component increases the polymerization rate and refractive index modulation. The recording was performed using a holographic copying process. The original was a grating of 1000?lines/mm processed using silver halide sensitized gelatin. First, the effect of the pulse fluence was investigated. When the pulse fluence was optimized, the results obtained using the new composition of material were compared with those using the composition without a crosslinker. Using a pulsed laser at 532?nm the photopolymer without crosslinker presented diffraction efficiencies slightly less than 60%. On the other hand, when the crosslinker was introduced in the photopolymer composition, the diffraction efficiencies achieved were higher than 85%. The non-linearity of the material's response was also studied comparing the energetic sensitivity, diffraction efficiencies and index modulation of gratings recorded with pulsed and continuous laser exposure. This study was performed fitting the angular scan of each grating using Kogelnik's theory.

Ultrasonic-energy enhance the ionic liquid-based dual microextraction to preconcentrate the lead in ground and stored rain water samples as compared to conventional shaking method.

PubMed

Nizamani, Sooraj; Kazi, Tasneem G; Afridi, Hassan I

2018-01-01

An efficient preconcentration technique based on ultrasonic-assisted ionic liquid-based dual microextraction (UA-ILDµE) method has been developed to preconcentrate the lead (Pb +2 ) in ground and stored rain water. In the current proposed method, Pb +2 was complexed with a chelating agent (dithizone), whereas an ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate) was used for extraction purpose. The ultrasonic irradiation and electrical shaking system were applied to enhance the dispersion and extraction of Pb +2 complex in aqueous samples. For second phase, dual microextraction (DµE phase), the enriched Pb +2 complex in ionic liquid, extracted back into the acidic aqueous solution and finally determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. Some major analytical parameters that influenced the extraction efficiency of developed method, such as pH, concentration of ligand, volume of ionic liquid and samples, time of shaking in thermostatic electrical shaker and ultrasonic bath, effect of back extracting HNO 3 volume, matrix effect, centrifugation time and rate were optimized. At the sample volume of 25mL, the calculated preconcentration factor was 62.2. The limit of detection of proposed procedure for Pb +2 ions was found to be 0.54μgL -1 . The validation of developed method was performed by the analysis of certified sample of water SRM 1643e and standard addition method in a real water sample. The extraction recovery of Pb +2 was enhanced≥2% with shaking time of 80s in ultrasonic bath as compared to used thermostatic electrical shaker, where for optimum recovery up to 10min was required. The developed procedure was successfully used for the enrichment of Pb +2 in ground and stored rain water (surface water) samples of an endemic region of Pakistan. The resulted data indicated that the ground water samples were highly contaminated with Pb +2 , while some of the surface water samples were also have higher values of Pb +2 than permissible limit of WHO. The concentration of Pb +2 in surface and ground water samples was found in the range of 17.5-24.5 and 25.6-99.1μgL - 1 respectively. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Restoration of blood 2,3-diphosphoglycerate levels in multi-transfused patients: effect of organic and inorganic phosphate.

PubMed

Iapichino, G; Radrizzani, D; Solca, M; Franzosi, M G; Pallavicini, F B; Spina, G; Scherini, A

1984-01-01

Blood stored in acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD) shows a progressive decrease in 2,3-diphosphoglycerate (DPG) content. Since the decrease in DPG increases hemoglobin oxygen affinity, which in turn may reduce tissue and venous PO2 and peripheral oxygen delivery, many efforts have been made to preserve or restore DPG levels in stored blood. An in vivo rejuvenating technique, employing fructose-1,6-diphosphate (FDP) at a mean dosage of 1 mmol kg-1 day-1 of phosphate, to increase the DPG circulating level in multi-transfused patients is proposed. Eighteen patients, who received at least one-third of their estimated blood volume (3990 +/- 480 (SEM) ml of ACD stored blood) in blood transfusion, were treated: nine with inorganic phosphate, and nine with FDP. Basal DPG was very low in both groups: 12.61 +/- 1.34 (SEM) and 10.42 +/- 0.98 (SEM) mumol g-1, respectively (normal value is 14.5 mumol g-1, at pH 7.40). However, DPG values increased significantly and promptly in patients receiving FDP, whereas in cases of inorganic phosphate administration, it was not significantly raised over the basal value until the third day. Phosphatemia remained normal and constant with FDP, but it rose significantly on the third day of treatment with inorganic phosphate. FDP appears to consistently and rapidly increase DPG levels after transfusion with blood stored in ACD, and to be particularly safe.

cadcVOFS: A FUSE Based File System Layer for VOSpace

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kavelaars, J.; Dowler, P.; Jenkins, D.; Hill, N.; Damian, A.

2012-09-01

The CADC is now making extensive use of the VOSpace protocol for user managed storage. The VOSpace standard allows a diverse set of rich data services to be delivered to users via a simple protocol. We have recently developed the cadcVOFS, a FUSE based file-system layer for VOSpace. cadcVOFS provides a filesystem layer on-top of VOSpace so that standard Unix tools (such as ‘find’, ‘emacs’, ‘awk’ etc) can be used directly on the data objects stored in VOSpace. Once mounted the VOSpace appears as a network storage volume inside the operating system. Within the CADC Cloud Computing project (CANFAR) we have used VOSpace as the method for retrieving and storing processing inputs and products. The abstraction of storage is an important component of Cloud Computing and the high use level of our VOSpace service reflects this.

Retail Food Store Access in Rural Appalachia: A Mixed Methods Study.

PubMed

Thatcher, Esther; Johnson, Cassandra; Zenk, Shannon N; Kulbok, Pamela

2017-05-01

To describe how characteristics of food retail stores (potential access) and other factors influence self-reported food shopping behavior (realized food access) among low-income, rural Central Appalachian women. Cross-sectional descriptive. Potential access was assessed through store mapping and in-store food audits. Factors influencing consumers' realized access were assessed through in-depth interviews. Results were merged using a convergent parallel mixed methods approach. Food stores (n = 50) and adult women (n = 9) in a rural Central Appalachian county. Potential and realized food access were described across five dimensions: availability, accessibility, affordability, acceptability, and accommodation. Supermarkets had better availability of healthful foods, followed by grocery stores, dollar stores, and convenience stores. On average, participants lived within 10 miles of 3.9 supermarkets or grocery stores, and traveled 7.5 miles for major food shopping. Participants generally shopped at the closest store that met their expectations for food availability, price, service, and atmosphere. Participants' perceptions of stores diverged from each other and from in-store audit findings. Findings from this study can help public health nurses engage with communities to make affordable, healthy foods more accessible. Recommendations are made for educating low-income consumers and partnering with food stores. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Design of Energy Storage Reactors for Dc-To-Dc Converters. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, D. Y.

1975-01-01

Two methodical approaches to the design of energy-storage reactors for a group of widely used dc-to-dc converters are presented. One of these approaches is based on a steady-state time-domain analysis of piecewise-linearized circuit models of the converters, while the other approach is based on an analysis of the same circuit models, but from an energy point of view. The design procedure developed from the first approach includes a search through a stored data file of magnetic core characteristics and results in a list of usable reactor designs which meet a particular converter's requirements. Because of the complexity of this procedure, a digital computer usually is used to implement the design algorithm. The second approach, based on a study of the storage and transfer of energy in the magnetic reactors, leads to a straightforward design procedure which can be implemented with hand calculations. An equation to determine the lower-bound volume of workable cores for given converter design specifications is derived. Using this computer lower-bound volume, a comparative evaluation of various converter configurations is presented.

Long-term groundwater depletion in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Konikow, Leonard F.

2015-01-01

The volume of groundwater stored in the subsurface in the United States decreased by almost 1000 km3 during 1900–2008. The aquifer systems with the three largest volumes of storage depletion include the High Plains aquifer, the Mississippi Embayment section of the Gulf Coastal Plain aquifer system, and the Central Valley of California. Depletion rates accelerated during 1945–1960, averaging 13.6 km3/year during the last half of the century, and after 2000 increased again to about 24 km3/year. Depletion intensity is a new parameter, introduced here, to provide a more consistent basis for comparing storage depletion problems among various aquifers by factoring in time and areal extent of the aquifer. During 2001–2008, the Central Valley of California had the largest depletion intensity. Groundwater depletion in the United States can explain 1.4% of observed sea-level rise during the 108-year study period and 2.1% during 2001–2008. Groundwater depletion must be confronted on local and regional scales to help reduce demand (primarily in irrigated agriculture) and/or increase supply.

Study on store-space assignment based on logistic AGV in e-commerce goods to person picking pattern

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Lijuan; Zhu, Jie

2017-10-01

This paper studied on the store-space assignment based on logistic AGV in E-commerce goods to person picking pattern, and established the store-space assignment model based on the lowest picking cost, and design for store-space assignment algorithm after the cluster analysis based on similarity coefficient. And then through the example analysis, compared the picking cost between store-space assignment algorithm this paper design and according to item number and storage according to ABC classification allocation, and verified the effectiveness of the design of the store-space assignment algorithm.

An assessment of the isotopic (2H/18O) integrity of water samples collected and stored by unattended precipitation totalizers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Terzer, Stefan; Wassenaar, Leonard I.; Douence, Cedric; Araguas-Araguas, Luis

2016-04-01

The IAEA-WMO Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation (GNIP) provides worldwide δ18O and δ2H data for numerous hydrological and climatological studies. The traditional GNIP sample collection method relies on weather station operators to accumulate precipitation obtained from manual rain gauges. Over the past decades, widespread weather station automatization resulted in the increased use of unattended precipitation totalizers that accumulate and store the rainwater in the field for up to one month. Several low-tech measures were adopted to prevent in situ secondary evaporative isotopic enrichment (SEE) of totalized water samples (i.e. disequilibrium isotopic fractionation after precipitation is stored in the collection device). These include: (a) adding a 0.5-1 cm floating layer of paraffin oil to the totalizer bottle, (b) using an intake tube leading from the collection funnel and submerged to the bottom of the totalizer bottle, or (c) placing a table tennis ball in the funnel aiming to reduce evaporation of the collected water from the receiving bottle to the atmosphere. We assessed the isotopic integrity of stored rainwater samples for three totalizers under controlled settings: each aforementioned totalizer was filled with a 100 or 500 mL of isotopically known water and installed in the field with the intake funnels sheltered to prevent rainwater collection. Potential evapotranspiration (PET) was obtained from on-site meteorological recordings. Stored evaporative loss from each totalizer was evaluated on a monthly basis; gravimetrically and by analysing δ18O and δ2H of the stored water, for a period of 6 months and a cumulative PET of ˜500 mm. The gravimetric and isotope results revealed that for smaller water volumes (100 ml, corresponding to ca. 5 mm of monthly precipitation), negligible isotope enrichment (δ18O) was observed in the paraffin-oil based totalizer, whereas unacceptable evaporative isotope effects were observed for the ball-in-funnel collector. For the submerged-tube sampler, the evaporative effect depended on the amount of stored water: 100 ml showed unacceptable isotopic enrichment, whereas the SEE of 500 ml stored water was acceptable. These data allowed us to estimate the impact of secondary evaporative enrichment on a device-specific basis as a function of PET. Based on global PET grids (e.g. CGIAR data), and benchmarking the expected SEE against the reasonable uncertainty of isotope spectrometry (< ±0.1‰ for δ18O), these findings reveal the most suitable totalizer device for any given climatic condition. Under extreme conditions (e.g. high aridity, little precipitation vs. high PET), a paraffin-oil based rain totalizer is most appropriate for monthly collections. Submerged-tube samplers may be considered if either a higher frequency of collection were possible, or monthly under pluvial/temperate climate conditions. The use of ball-in-funnel type totalizers are not recommended at all, unless samples could be collected on a daily basis.

Investigation of Fuel Oil/Lube Oil Spray Fires On Board Vessels. Volume 3.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-11-01

U.S. Coast Guard Research and Development Center 1082 Shennecossett Road, Groton, CT 06340-6096 Report No. CG-D-01-99, III Investigation of Fuel ...refinery). Developed the technical and mathematical specifications for BRAVO™2.0, a state-of-the-art Windows program for performing event tree and fault...tree analyses. Also managed the development of and prepared the technical specifications for QRA ROOTS™, a Windows program for storing, searching K-4

Computational Analysis of the Effects of Reduced Temperature on Thrombin Generation: The Contributions of Hypothermia to Coagulopathy

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

reactions characterize the interactions of factor VII ( FVII ) and factor VIIa (FVIIa) and their complexes with TF and other clotting factors . These...patients), is one of the major factors contributing to coagulopathy of trauma.1–3 Heavy bleeding may result in a decreased blood volume and...tri- phosphate synthesis.4 Transfusion of blood products and resuscitation fluids, which are stored at low temperatures or even in a frozen state

Fresh-Stored Osteochondral Allograft for Treatment of Osteochondritis Dissecans the Femoral Head

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

rotational osteotomy for treatment of avascular necrosis of the femoral head. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1996;115:80–84. Volume 468, Number 2, February 2010...14. Hall FM. Osteochondrosis dissecans and avascular necrosis of bone. (Comment on: Skeletal Radiol. 1990;19(6):419–421.) Skeletal Radiol. 1991;20...439–456. 28. Schneider W, Aigner N, Pinggera O, Knahr K. Intertrochanteric osteotomy for avascular necrosis of the head of the femur: sur- vival

HECLIB. Volume 2: HECDSS Subroutines Programmer’s Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

algorithm and hierarchical design for database accesses. This algorithm provides quick access to data sets and an efficient means of adding new data set...Description of How DSS Works DSS version 6 utilizes a modified hash algorithm based upon the pathname to store and retrieve data. This structure allows...balancing disk space and record access times. A variation in this algorithm is for "stable" files. In a stable file, a hash table is not utilized

NASA information sciences and human factors program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The Data Systems Program consists of research and technology devoted to controlling, processing, storing, manipulating, and analyzing space-derived data. The objectives of the program are to provide the technology advancements needed to enable affordable utilization of space-derived data, to increase substantially the capability for future missions of on-board processing and recording and to provide high-speed, high-volume computational systems that are anticipated for missions such as the evolutionary Space Station and Earth Observing System.

Characterization of the Suspended-Sediment Regime and Bed-Material Gradation of the Mississippi River Basin. Potamology Program (P-I). Report 1, Volume II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

assembling stores at Presque Isle (present site of Erie , Pa.) and building fortifications along the Allegheny. The French also formu- lated plans to...Steubenville-Weirton North Carolina Asheville Pennsylvania Erie Johnstown Pittsburgh D36 State(s) SMSA Tennessee Knoxville Nashville-Davidson...result of lumbering, farming, and mining activi- ties. The Beaver River drainage, situated in northeastern Ohio and northwestern Pennsylvania , covers 3130

Ground Operations Demonstration Unit for Liquid Hydrogen (GODU LH2)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Notardonato, William U.

2015-01-01

When the technology associated with zero loss storage and transfer is implemented, NASA can reduce the LH2 losses and procurement costs by up to 30 compared to historical Shuttle numbers. This return on investment is based on the mission manifest and commodity use. LH2 densification can provide improved launch vehicle ascent performance by minimizing the size of the LH2 tanks or storing more mass of propellant in the given tank volume.

CRL/NMSU and Brandeis: Description of the MucBruce System as Used for MUC-4

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

developing a method fo r identifying articles of interest and extracting and storing specific kinds of information from large volumes o f Japanese and...performance . Most of the information produced in our MUC template s is arrived at by probing the text which surrounds `significant’ words for the...strings with semantic information . The other two, the Relevant Template Filter and the Relevant Paragraph Filter, perform word frequency analysis to

A Profile of Wood Use in Nonresidential Building Construction.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

This includes both conventional glued- laminated timbers (glulam) and lumber in glued * Lumber (board, dimension, timbers , trussed, wood-plywood...members of built-up cross sections laminated , fire-retardant-treated) (wood I-beams). Greatest concentrations of use are in stores where 58 million board...remaining volumes (fig. 3). 5 7,7 6 Ir w Exterior wals Board Trussed Dimension and Timbers Laminated Percent "lorfrmigOffices 23 4ff-’£15.4 Fl or framing

The research data alliance photon and neutron science interest group

DOE PAGES

Boehnlein, Amber; Matthews, Brian; Proffen, Thomas; ...

2015-04-01

Scientific research data provides unique challenges that are distinct from classic “Big Data” sources. One common element in research data is that the experiment, observations, or simulation were designed, and data were specifically acquired, to shed light on an open scientific question. The data and methods are usually “owned” by the researcher(s) and the data itself might not be viewed to have long-term scientific significance after the results have been published. Often, the data volume was relatively low, with data sometimes easier to reproduce than to catalog and store. Some data and meta-data were not collected in a digital form,more » or were stored on antiquated or obsolete media. Generally speaking, policies, tools, and management of digital research data have reflected an ad hoc approach that varies domain by domain and research group by research group. This model, which treats research data as disposable, is proving to be a serious limitation as the volume and complexity of research data explodes. Changes are required at every level of scientific research: within the individual groups, and across scientific domains and interdisciplinary collaborations. Enabling researchers to learn about available tools, processes, and procedures should encourage a spirit of cooperation and collaboration, allowing researchers to come together for the common good. In conclusion, these community-oriented efforts provide the potential for targeted projects with high impact.« less

The research data alliance photon and neutron science interest group

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boehnlein, Amber; Matthews, Brian; Proffen, Thomas

Scientific research data provides unique challenges that are distinct from classic “Big Data” sources. One common element in research data is that the experiment, observations, or simulation were designed, and data were specifically acquired, to shed light on an open scientific question. The data and methods are usually “owned” by the researcher(s) and the data itself might not be viewed to have long-term scientific significance after the results have been published. Often, the data volume was relatively low, with data sometimes easier to reproduce than to catalog and store. Some data and meta-data were not collected in a digital form,more » or were stored on antiquated or obsolete media. Generally speaking, policies, tools, and management of digital research data have reflected an ad hoc approach that varies domain by domain and research group by research group. This model, which treats research data as disposable, is proving to be a serious limitation as the volume and complexity of research data explodes. Changes are required at every level of scientific research: within the individual groups, and across scientific domains and interdisciplinary collaborations. Enabling researchers to learn about available tools, processes, and procedures should encourage a spirit of cooperation and collaboration, allowing researchers to come together for the common good. In conclusion, these community-oriented efforts provide the potential for targeted projects with high impact.« less

Savannah River Site Spent Nuclear Fuel Management Final Environmental Impact Statement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

N /A

The proposed DOE action considered in this environmental impact statement (EIS) is to implement appropriate processes for the safe and efficient management of spent nuclear fuel and targets at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in Aiken County, South Carolina, including placing these materials in forms suitable for ultimate disposition. Options to treat, package, and store this material are discussed. The material included in this EIS consists of approximately 68 metric tons heavy metal (MTHM) of spent nuclear fuel 20 MTHM of aluminum-based spent nuclear fuel at SRS, as much as 28 MTHM of aluminum-clad spent nuclear fuel from foreign andmore » domestic research reactors to be shipped to SRS through 2035, and 20 MTHM of stainless-steel or zirconium-clad spent nuclear fuel and some Americium/Curium Targets stored at SRS. Alternatives considered in this EIS encompass a range of new packaging, new processing, and conventional processing technologies, as well as the No Action Alternative. A preferred alternative is identified in which DOE would prepare about 97% by volume (about 60% by mass) of the aluminum-based fuel for disposition using a melt and dilute treatment process. The remaining 3% by volume (about 40% by mass) would be managed using chemical separation. Impacts are assessed primarily in the areas of water resources, air resources, public and worker health, waste management, socioeconomic, and cumulative impacts.« less

Flow simulations about steady-complex and unsteady moving configurations using structured-overlapped and unstructured grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newman, James C., III

1995-01-01

The limiting factor in simulating flows past realistic configurations of interest has been the discretization of the physical domain on which the governing equations of fluid flow may be solved. In an attempt to circumvent this problem, many Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) methodologies that are based on different grid generation and domain decomposition techniques have been developed. However, due to the costs involved and expertise required, very few comparative studies between these methods have been performed. In the present work, the two CFD methodologies which show the most promise for treating complex three-dimensional configurations as well as unsteady moving boundary problems are evaluated. These are namely the structured-overlapped and the unstructured grid schemes. Both methods use a cell centered, finite volume, upwind approach. The structured-overlapped algorithm uses an approximately factored, alternating direction implicit scheme to perform the time integration, whereas, the unstructured algorithm uses an explicit Runge-Kutta method. To examine the accuracy, efficiency, and limitations of each scheme, they are applied to the same steady complex multicomponent configurations and unsteady moving boundary problems. The steady complex cases consist of computing the subsonic flow about a two-dimensional high-lift multielement airfoil and the transonic flow about a three-dimensional wing/pylon/finned store assembly. The unsteady moving boundary problems are a forced pitching oscillation of an airfoil in a transonic freestream and a two-dimensional, subsonic airfoil/store separation sequence. Accuracy was accessed through the comparison of computed and experimentally measured pressure coefficient data on several of the wing/pylon/finned store assembly's components and at numerous angles-of-attack for the pitching airfoil. From this study, it was found that both the structured-overlapped and the unstructured grid schemes yielded flow solutions of comparable accuracy for these simulations. This study also indicated that, overall, the structured-overlapped scheme was slightly more CPU efficient than the unstructured approach.

Systematically linking tranSMART, Galaxy and EGA for reusing human translational research data

PubMed Central

Zhang, Chao; Bijlard, Jochem; Staiger, Christine; Scollen, Serena; van Enckevort, David; Hoogstrate, Youri; Senf, Alexander; Hiltemann, Saskia; Repo, Susanna; Pipping, Wibo; Bierkens, Mariska; Payralbe, Stefan; Stringer, Bas; Heringa, Jaap; Stubbs, Andrew; Bonino Da Silva Santos, Luiz Olavo; Belien, Jeroen; Weistra, Ward; Azevedo, Rita; van Bochove, Kees; Meijer, Gerrit; Boiten, Jan-Willem; Rambla, Jordi; Fijneman, Remond; Spalding, J. Dylan; Abeln, Sanne

2017-01-01

The availability of high-throughput molecular profiling techniques has provided more accurate and informative data for regular clinical studies. Nevertheless, complex computational workflows are required to interpret these data. Over the past years, the data volume has been growing explosively, requiring robust human data management to organise and integrate the data efficiently. For this reason, we set up an ELIXIR implementation study, together with the Translational research IT (TraIT) programme, to design a data ecosystem that is able to link raw and interpreted data. In this project, the data from the TraIT Cell Line Use Case (TraIT-CLUC) are used as a test case for this system. Within this ecosystem, we use the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) to store raw molecular profiling data; tranSMART to collect interpreted molecular profiling data and clinical data for corresponding samples; and Galaxy to store, run and manage the computational workflows. We can integrate these data by linking their repositories systematically. To showcase our design, we have structured the TraIT-CLUC data, which contain a variety of molecular profiling data types, for storage in both tranSMART and EGA. The metadata provided allows referencing between tranSMART and EGA, fulfilling the cycle of data submission and discovery; we have also designed a data flow from EGA to Galaxy, enabling reanalysis of the raw data in Galaxy. In this way, users can select patient cohorts in tranSMART, trace them back to the raw data and perform (re)analysis in Galaxy. Our conclusion is that the majority of metadata does not necessarily need to be stored (redundantly) in both databases, but that instead FAIR persistent identifiers should be available for well-defined data ontology levels: study, data access committee, physical sample, data sample and raw data file. This approach will pave the way for the stable linkage and reuse of data. PMID:29123641

Systematically linking tranSMART, Galaxy and EGA for reusing human translational research data.

PubMed

Zhang, Chao; Bijlard, Jochem; Staiger, Christine; Scollen, Serena; van Enckevort, David; Hoogstrate, Youri; Senf, Alexander; Hiltemann, Saskia; Repo, Susanna; Pipping, Wibo; Bierkens, Mariska; Payralbe, Stefan; Stringer, Bas; Heringa, Jaap; Stubbs, Andrew; Bonino Da Silva Santos, Luiz Olavo; Belien, Jeroen; Weistra, Ward; Azevedo, Rita; van Bochove, Kees; Meijer, Gerrit; Boiten, Jan-Willem; Rambla, Jordi; Fijneman, Remond; Spalding, J Dylan; Abeln, Sanne

2017-01-01

The availability of high-throughput molecular profiling techniques has provided more accurate and informative data for regular clinical studies. Nevertheless, complex computational workflows are required to interpret these data. Over the past years, the data volume has been growing explosively, requiring robust human data management to organise and integrate the data efficiently. For this reason, we set up an ELIXIR implementation study, together with the Translational research IT (TraIT) programme, to design a data ecosystem that is able to link raw and interpreted data. In this project, the data from the TraIT Cell Line Use Case (TraIT-CLUC) are used as a test case for this system. Within this ecosystem, we use the European Genome-phenome Archive (EGA) to store raw molecular profiling data; tranSMART to collect interpreted molecular profiling data and clinical data for corresponding samples; and Galaxy to store, run and manage the computational workflows. We can integrate these data by linking their repositories systematically. To showcase our design, we have structured the TraIT-CLUC data, which contain a variety of molecular profiling data types, for storage in both tranSMART and EGA. The metadata provided allows referencing between tranSMART and EGA, fulfilling the cycle of data submission and discovery; we have also designed a data flow from EGA to Galaxy, enabling reanalysis of the raw data in Galaxy. In this way, users can select patient cohorts in tranSMART, trace them back to the raw data and perform (re)analysis in Galaxy. Our conclusion is that the majority of metadata does not necessarily need to be stored (redundantly) in both databases, but that instead FAIR persistent identifiers should be available for well-defined data ontology levels: study, data access committee, physical sample, data sample and raw data file. This approach will pave the way for the stable linkage and reuse of data.

Neighborhood impact on healthy food availability and pricing in food stores.

PubMed

Krukowski, Rebecca A; West, Delia Smith; Harvey-Berino, Jean; Elaine Prewitt, T

2010-06-01

Availability and price of healthy foods in food stores has the potential to influence purchasing patterns, dietary intake, and weight status of individuals. This study examined whether demographic factors of the store neighborhood or store size have an impact on the availability and price of healthy foods in sample of grocery stores and supermarkets. The Nutrition Environment Measures Study-Store (NEMS-S) instrument, a standardized observational survey, was utilized to evaluate food stores (N = 42) in a multi-site (Vermont and Arkansas) study in 2008. Census data associated with store census tract (median household income and proportion African-American) were used to characterize store neighborhood and number of cash registers was used to quantify store size. Median household income was significantly associated with the NEMS healthy food availability score (r = 0.36, P < 0.05); neither racial composition (r = -0.23, P = 0.14) nor store size (r = 0.27, P = 0.09) were significantly related to the Availability score. Larger store size (r = 0.40, P < 0.01) was significantly associated with the NEMS-S Price scores, indicating more favorable prices for healthier items; neither racial composition nor median household income were significantly related to the Price score (P's > 0.05). Even among supermarkets, healthier foods are less available in certain neighborhoods, although, when available, the quality of healthier options did not differ, suggesting that targeting availability may offer promise for policy initiatives. Furthermore, increasing access to larger stores that can offer lower prices for healthier foods may provide another avenue for enhancing food environments to lower disease risk.

Transport of fluorobenzoate tracers in a vegetated hydrologic control volume: 1. Experimental results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Queloz, Pierre; Bertuzzo, Enrico; Carraro, Luca; Botter, Gianluca; Miglietta, Franco; Rao, P. S. C.; Rinaldo, Andrea

2015-04-01

This paper reports about the experimental evidence collected on the transport of five fluorobenzoate tracers injected under controlled conditions in a vegetated hydrologic volume, a large lysimeter (fitted with load cells, sampling ports, and an underground chamber) where two willows prompting large evapotranspiration fluxes had been grown. The relevance of the study lies in the direct and indirect measures of the ways in which hydrologic fluxes, in this case, evapotranspiration from the upper surface and discharge from the bottom drainage, sample water and solutes in storage at different times under variable hydrologic forcings. Methods involve the accurate control of hydrologic inputs and outputs and a large number of suitable chemical analyses of water samples in discharge waters. Mass extraction from biomass has also been performed ex post. The results of the 2 year long experiment established that our initial premises on the tracers' behavior, known to be sorption-free under saturated conditions which we verified in column leaching tests, were unsuitable as large differences in mass recovery appeared. Issues on reactivity thus arose and were addressed in the paper, in this case attributed to microbial degradation and solute plant uptake. Our results suggest previously unknown features of fluorobenzoate compounds as hydrologic tracers, potentially interesting for catchment studies owing to their suitability for distinguishable multiple injections, and an outlook on direct experimental closures of mass balance in hydrologic transport volumes involving fluxes that are likely to sample differently stored water and solutes.

Proteomics data repositories

PubMed Central

Riffle, Michael; Eng, Jimmy K.

2010-01-01

The field of proteomics, particularly the application of mass spectrometry analysis to protein samples, is well-established and growing rapidly. Proteomics studies generate large volumes of raw experimental data and inferred biological results. To facilitate the dissemination of these data, centralized data repositories have been developed that make the data and results accessible to proteomics researchers and biologists alike. This review of proteomics data repositories focuses exclusively on freely-available, centralized data resources that disseminate or store experimental mass spectrometry data and results. The resources chosen reflect a current “snapshot” of the state of resources available with an emphasis placed on resources that may be of particular interest to yeast researchers. Resources are described in terms of their intended purpose and the features and functionality provided to users. PMID:19795424

Quench Protection of SC Quadrupole Magnets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feher, S.; Bossert, R.; Dimarco, J.; Mitchell, D.; Lamm, M. J.; Limon, P. J.; Mazur, P.; Nobrega, F.; Orris, D.; Ozelis, J. P.; Strait, J. B.; Tompkins, J. C.; Zlobin, A. V.; McInturff, A. D.

1997-05-01

The energy stored in a superconducting accelerator magnet is dissipated after a quench in the coil normal zones, heating the coil and generating a turn to turn and coil to ground voltage drop. Quench heaters are used to protect the superconducting magnet by greatly increasing the coil normal zone thus allowing the energy to be dissipated over a larger conductor volume. Such heaters will be required for the Fermilab/LBNL design of the high gradient quads (HGQ) designed for the LHC interaction regions. As a first step, heaters were installed and tested in several Tevatron low-β superconducting quadrupoles. Experimental studies in normal and superfluid helium are presented which show the heater-induced quench response as a function of magnet excitation current, magnet temperature and peak heater energy density.

Healthful Nutrition of Foods in Navajo Nation Stores: Availability and Pricing.

PubMed

Kumar, Gayathri; Jim-Martin, Sonlatsa; Piltch, Emily; Onufrak, Stephen; McNeil, Carrie; Adams, Laura; Williams, Nancy; Blanck, Heidi M; Curley, Larry

2016-09-01

Low availability and affordability of healthier foods in food stores on the Navajo Nation (NN) may be a community-level risk factor for the high prevalence of obesity among the Navajo people. This study assessed the availability and pricing of foods and beverages in supermarkets and convenience stores throughout the NN. Descriptive study design using the Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey in Stores audit tool. Supermarkets (n = 13) and convenience stores (n = 50) on NN and border-town supermarkets (n = 9). Not applicable. Availability and pricing of healthy and less-healthy foods. Descriptive and χ(2) analyses. Navajo convenience stores offered fewer healthier food options compared to Navajo supermarkets. In Navajo convenience stores, 100% whole grain products, reduced-fat cheese, lean meats, reduced-fat chips, and fat-free or light hot dogs were available in fewer stores than their corresponding less-healthy versions (all with p < .05). In both Navajo supermarkets and convenience stores, 100% whole wheat bread, lean cold cuts, and reduced-fat cheese were all more expensive per unit than their corresponding less-healthy versions (all with p < .05). According to this study, healthier foods are not as readily available in Navajo convenience stores as they are in Navajo supermarkets. Improving access to and affordability of healthier foods in reservation stores of all sizes may support healthy eating among Navajo residents. © 2016 by American Journal of Health Promotion, Inc.

In-Store Experimental Approach to Pricing and Consumer Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sigurdsson, Valdimar; Foxall, Gordon; Saevarsson, Hugi

2010-01-01

This study assessed how, and to what extent, it is possible to use behavioral experimentation and relative sales analysis to study the effects of price on consumers' brand choices in the store environment. An in-store experiment was performed in four stores to investigate the effects of different prices of a target brand on consumers' relative…

Montana Water Resources Data - 2003, Volume 2. Yellowstone and Upper Columbia River Basins and Ground-Water Levels

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkas, Wayne R.; White, Melvin K.; Ladd, Patricia B.; Bailey, Fred A.; Dodge, Kent A.

2004-01-01

Water resources data for Montana for the 2003 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 114 streamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 4 lakes and large reservoirs and content for 26 smaller reservoirs; water-quality records for 76 streamflow stations (11 ungaged), and 3 lakes; water-level records for 53 observation wells; and precipitation and water-quality records for 2 atmospheric-deposition stations. Additional water year 2003 data collected at crest-stage gage and miscellaneous-measurement sites were collected but are not published in this report. These data are stored within the District office files in Helena and are available on request. These data represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.

Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 2. Yellowstone and upper Columbia River basins and ground-water levels

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkas, Wayne R.; White, Melvin K.; Ladd, Patricia B.; Bailey, Fred A.; Dodge, Kent A.

2006-01-01

Water resources data for Montana for the 2005 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 120 streamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 22 lakes and reservoirs; water-quality records for 86 streamflow stations (32 ungaged), and 25 ground-water wells; water-level records for 25 observation wells; and precipitation records for 2 atmospheric-deposition stations. Additional water year 2005 data collected at crest-stage gage and miscellaneous-measurement sites were collected but are not published in this report. These data are stored within the District office files in Helena and are available on request. These data represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.

Water resources data, Montana, water year 2005: Volume 2. Yellowstone and upper Columbia River basins and ground-water levels

USGS Publications Warehouse

Berkas, Wayne R.; White, Melvin K.; Ladd, Patricia B.; Bailey, Fred A.; Dodge, Kent A.

2005-01-01

Water resources data for Montana for the 2004 water year, volumes 1 and 2, consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels in wells. This volume contains discharge records for 119 streamflow-gaging stations; stage or content records for 21 lakes and reservoirs; and water-quality records for 69 streamflow stations (17 ungaged), and 3 lake sites; water-level records for 51 observation wells; and precipitation and water-quality records for 2 atmospheric-deposition stations. Additional water year 2004 data collected at crest-stage gage and miscellaneous-measurement sites were collected but are not published in this report. These data are stored within the District office files in Helena and are available on request. These data represent part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Montana.

Well fluid isolation and sample apparatus and method

DOEpatents

Schalla, Ronald; Smith, Ronald M.; Hall, Stephen H.; Smart, John E.

1995-01-01

The present invention specifically permits purging and/or sampling of a well but only removing, at most, about 25% of the fluid volume compared to conventional methods and, at a minimum, removing none of the fluid volume from the well. The invention is an isolation assembly that is inserted into the well. The isolation assembly is designed so that only a volume of fluid between the outside diameter of the isolation assembly and the inside diameter of the well over a fluid column height from the bottom of the well to the top of the active portion (lower annulus) is removed. A seal may be positioned above the active portion thereby sealing the well and preventing any mixing or contamination of inlet fluid with fluid above the packer. Purged well fluid is stored in a riser above the packer. Ports in the wall of the isolation assembly permit purging and sampling of the lower annulus along the height of the active portion.

Hybrid Power Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eichenberg, Dennis

2005-01-01

An engineering discipline denoted as hybrid power management (HPM) has emerged from continuing efforts to increase energy efficiency and reliability of hybrid power systems. HPM is oriented toward integration of diverse electric energy-generating, energy-storing, and energy-consuming devices in optimal configurations for both terrestrial and outer-space applications. The basic concepts of HPM are potentially applicable at power levels ranging from nanowatts to megawatts. Potential applications include terrestrial power-generation, terrestrial transportation, biotechnology, and outer-space power systems. Instances of this discipline at prior stages of development were reported (though not explicitly labeled as HPM) in three prior NASA Tech Briefs articles: "Ultracapacitors Store Energy in a Hybrid Electric Vehicle"(LEW-16876), Vol. 24, No. 4 (April 2000), page 63; "Photovoltaic Power Station With Ultracapacitors for Storage" (LEW-17177), Vol. 27, No. 8 (August 2003), page 38; and "Flasher Powered by Photovoltaic Cells and Ultracapacitors" (LEW-17246), Vol. 24, No. 10 (October 2003), page 37. As the titles of the cited articles indicate, the use of ultracapacitors as energy-storage devices lies at the heart of HPM. An ultracapacitor is an electrochemical energy-storage device, but unlike in a conventional rechargeable electrochemical cell or battery, chemical reactions do not take place during operation. Instead, energy is stored electrostatically at an electrode/electrolyte interface. The capacitance per unit volume of an ultracapacitor is much greater than that of a conventional capacitor because its electrodes have much greater surface area per unit volume and the separation between the electrodes is much smaller. Power-control circuits for ultracapacitors can be simpler than those for batteries, for two reasons: (1) Because of the absence of chemical reactions, charge and discharge currents can be greater than those in batteries, limited only by the electrical resistances of conductors; and (2) whereas the charge level of a battery depends on voltage, temperature, age, and load condition, the charge level of an ultracapacitor, like that of a conventional capacitor, depends only on voltage.

Utilizing Ocean Thermal Energy in a Submarine Robot

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, Jack; Chao, Yi

2009-01-01

A proposed system would exploit the ocean thermal gradient for recharging the batteries in a battery-powered unmanned underwater vehicle [UUV (essentially, a small exploratory submarine robot)] of a type that has been deployed in large numbers in research pertaining to global warming. A UUV of this type travels between the ocean surface and depths, measuring temperature and salinity. The proposed system is related to, but not the same as, previously reported ocean thermal energy conversion (OTEC) systems that exploit the ocean thermal gradient but consist of stationary apparatuses that span large depth ranges. The system would include a turbine driven by working fluid subjected to a thermodynamic cycle. CO2 has been provisionally chosen as the working fluid because it has the requisite physical properties for use in the range of temperatures expected to be encountered in operation, is not flammable, and is much less toxic than are many other commercially available refrigerant fluids. The system would be housed in a pressurized central compartment in a UUV equipped with a double hull (see figure). The thermodynamic cycle would begin when the UUV was at maximum depth, where some of the CO2 would condense and be stored, at relatively low temperature and pressure, in the annular volume between the inner and outer hulls. The cycle would resume once the UUV had ascended to near the surface, where the ocean temperature is typically greater than or equals 20 C. At this temperature, the CO2 previously stored at depth in the annular volume between the inner and outer hulls would be pressurized to approx. equals 57 bar (5.7 MPa). The pressurized gaseous CO2 would flow through a check valve into a bladder inside the pressurized compartment, thereby storing energy of the relatively warm, pressurized CO2 for subsequent use after the next descent to maximum depth.

Using expert systems to implement a semantic data model of a large mass storage system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roelofs, Larry H.; Campbell, William J.

1990-01-01

The successful development of large volume data storage systems will depend not only on the ability of the designers to store data, but on the ability to manage such data once it is in the system. The hypothesis is that mass storage data management can only be implemented successfully based on highly intelligent meta data management services. There now exists a proposed mass store system standard proposed by the IEEE that addresses many of the issues related to the storage of large volumes of data, however, the model does not consider a major technical issue, namely the high level management of stored data. However, if the model were expanded to include the semantics and pragmatics of the data domain using a Semantic Data Model (SDM) concept, the result would be data that is expressive of the Intelligent Information Fusion (IIF) concept and also organized and classified in context to its use and purpose. The results are presented of a demonstration prototype SDM implemented using the expert system development tool NEXPERT OBJECT. In the prototype, a simple instance of a SDM was created to support a hypothetical application for the Earth Observing System, Data Information System (EOSDIS). The massive amounts of data that EOSDIS will manage requires the definition and design of a powerful information management system in order to support even the most basic needs of the project. The application domain is characterized by a semantic like network that represents the data content and the relationships between the data based on user views and the more generalized domain architectural view of the information world. The data in the domain are represented by objects that define classes, types and instances of the data. In addition, data properties are selectively inherited between parent and daughter relationships in the domain. Based on the SDM a simple information system design is developed from the low level data storage media, through record management and meta data management to the user interface.

Quantifying sediment connectivity in an actively eroding gully complex, Waipaoa catchment, New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taylor, Richard J.; Massey, Chris; Fuller, Ian C.; Marden, Mike; Archibald, Garth; Ries, William

2018-04-01

Using a combination of airborne LiDAR (2005) and terrestrial laser scanning (2007, 2008, 2010, 2011), sediment delivery processes and sediment connectivity in an 20-ha gully complex, which significantly contributes to the Waipaoa sediment cascade, are quantified over a 6-year period. The acquisition of terrain data from high-resolution surveys of the whole gully-fan system provides new insights into slope processes and slope-channel linkages operating in the complex. Raw terrain data from the airborne and ground-based laser scans were converted into raster DEMs with a vertical accuracy between surveys of <±0.1 m. Grid elevations in each successive DEM were subtracted from the previous DEM to provide models of change across the gully and fan complex. In these models deposition equates to positive and erosion to negative vertical change. Debris flows, slumping, and erosion by surface runoff (gullying in the conventional sense) generated on average 95,232 m3 of sediment annually, with a standard deviation of ± 20,806 m3. The volumes of debris eroded from those areas dominated by surface erosion processes were higher than in areas dominated by landslide processes. Over the six-year study period, sediment delivery from the source zones to the fan was a factor of 1.4 times larger than the volume of debris exported from the fan into Te Weraroa Stream. The average annual volume of sediment exported to Te Weraroa Stream varies widely from 23,195 to 102,796 m3. Fluctuations in the volume of stored sediment within the fan, rather than external forcing by rainstorms or earthquakes, account for this annual variation. No large rainfall events occurred during the monitoring period; therefore, sediment volumes and transfer processes captured by this study are representative of the background conditions that operate in this geomorphic system.

Effect of transfusional iron intake on response to chelation therapy in beta-thalassemia major.

PubMed

Cohen, Alan R; Glimm, Ekkehard; Porter, John B

2008-01-15

The success of chelation therapy in controlling iron overload in patients with thalassemia major is highly variable and may partly depend on the rate of transfusional iron loading. Using data from the 1-year phase III study of deferasirox, including volumes of transfused red blood cells and changes in liver iron concentration (LIC) in 541 patients, the effect of iron loading on achieving neutral or negative iron balance was assessed in patients receiving different doses of deferasirox and the comparator deferoxamine. After dose adjustment, reductions in LIC after 1 year of deferasirox or deferoxamine therapy correlated with transfusional iron intake. At a deferasirox dose of 20 mg/kg per day, neutral or negative iron balance was achieved in 46% and 75% of patients with the highest and lowest transfusional iron intake, respectively; 30 mg/kg per day produced successful control of iron stores in 96% of patients with a low rate of transfusional iron intake. Splenectomized patients had lower transfusional iron intake and greater reductions in iron stores than patients with intact spleens. Transfusional iron intake should be monitored on an ongoing basis in thalassemia major patients, and the rate of transfusional iron loading should be considered when choosing the appropriate dose of an iron-chelating agent. This study is registered at http://clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00061750.

Low prevalence of iron deficiency anemia between 1981 and 2010 in Chilean women of childbearing age.

PubMed

Ríos-Castillo, Israel; Brito, Alex; Olivares, Manuel; López-de Romaña, Daniel; Pizarro, Fernando

2013-01-01

To determine the prevalence of anemia and iron status among Chilean women of childbearing age between 1981 and 2010. Calculation of the prevalence of anemia and iron status was based on multiple cross-sectional iron absorption studies performed in 888 women during this period of time. All studies included measurements of hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, zinc protoporphyrin, percentage of transferrin saturation and serum ferritin. Data were grouped by decade (1981-1990, 1991-2000, and 2001-2010). Prevalence of anemia for these decades was 9, 6 and 10%, respectively (p=NS). Iron deficiency anemia was the main cause of anemia in all periods (55, 85 and 75%, respectively; p=NS). A high prevalence of women with normal iron status was observed for all periods (64, 69, and 67, respectively; p=NS). Prevalence of iron deficiency without anemia in 1981-1990, 1991-2000 and 2001-2010 was 7, 20 and 12%, respectively (p<0.05). Finally, prevalence of iron depleted stores was 20, 6 and 10%, respectively (p<0.05). Prevalence of iron deficiency anemia in Chilean women of childbearing age was mild between 1981 and 2010. More than 60% of childbearing age women presented normal iron status in all periods. However, prevalence of iron depleted stores was moderate during 1981-1990, and was mild during 1991-2000 and 2001-2010.

Modelling impulsive factors for electronics and restaurant coupons’ e-store display

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ariningsih, P. K.; Nainggolan, M.; Sandy, I. A.

2018-04-01

In many times, the increment of e-store visitors does not followed by sales increment. Most purchases through e-commerce are impulsive buying, however only small amount of study is available to understand impulsive factors of e-store display. This paper suggests a preliminary concept on understanding the impulsive factors in Electronics and Restaurant Coupons e-store display, which are two among few popular group products sold through e-commerce. By conducting literature study and survey, 31 attributes were identified as impulsive factors in electronics e-store display and 20 attributes were identified as impulsive factors for restaurant coupon e-store. The attributes were then grouped into comprehensive impulsive factors by factor analysis. Each group of impulsive attributes were generated into 3 factors. Accessibility Factors and Trust Factors appeared for each group products. The other factors are Internal Factors for electronics e-store and Marketing factors for restaurant coupons e-store. Structural Equation Model of the impulsive factors was developed for each type of e-store, which stated the covariance between Trust Factors and Accessibility Factors. Based on preliminary model, Internal Factor and Trust Factor are influencing impulsive buying in electronics store. Special factor for electronics e-store is Internal Factor, while for restaurant coupons e-store is Marketing Factor.

[Characteristics of the provision of hemotransfusion materials to the wounded and patients during antiterrorist operation].

PubMed

Chechetkin, A V; Popova, N N; Kuz'min, N S; Fedotov, Iu P

2004-01-01

The authors analyze the experience of organization of the wounded and patient provision with hemotransfusion materials to render assistance during antiterrorist operation in Republic of Dagestan and Republic of Chechnya in 1999-2001. It is shown that supply of military treatment-and-prophylactic institutions deployed in the zone of military conflict, of specialized hospitals with hemotransfusion materials was the following: with blood preparations (at the expense of centralized deliveries), with blood components (91.8%, at the expense of centralized deliveries form the district blood transfusion station). The volume of stored blood taken from emergency reserve donors in the military treatment-and-prophylactic institutions located near the zone of military actions constituted 8.2% of the total volume of blood components received.

Data acquisition and processing system and method for investigating sub-surface features of a rock formation

DOEpatents

Vu, Cung Khac; Nihei, Kurt; Johnson, Paul A; Guyer, Robert; Ten Cate, James A; Le Bas, Pierre-Yves; Larmat, Carene S

2015-01-27

A system and a method includes generating a first signal at a first frequency; and a second signal at a second frequency. Respective sources are positioned within the borehole and controllable such that the signals intersect in an intersection volume outside the borehole. A receiver detects a difference signal returning to the borehole generated by a non-linear mixing process within the intersection volume, and records the detected signal and stores the detected signal in a storage device and records measurement parameters including a position of the first acoustic source, a position of the second acoustic source, a position of the receiver, elevation angle and azimuth angle of the first acoustic signal and elevation angle and azimuth angle of the second acoustic signal.

A corner store intervention in a low-income urban community is associated with increased availability and sales of some healthy foods.

PubMed

Song, Hee-Jung; Gittelsohn, Joel; Kim, Miyong; Suratkar, Sonali; Sharma, Sangita; Anliker, Jean

2009-11-01

While corner store-based nutrition interventions have emerged as a potential strategy to increase healthy food availability in low-income communities, few evaluation studies exist. We present the results of a trial in Baltimore City to increase the availability and sales of healthier food options in local stores. Quasi-experimental study. Corner stores owned by Korean-Americans and supermarkets located in East and West Baltimore. Seven corner stores and two supermarkets in East Baltimore received a 10-month intervention and six corner stores and two supermarkets in West Baltimore served as comparison. During and post-intervention, stocking of healthy foods and weekly reported sales of some promoted foods increased significantly in intervention stores compared with comparison stores. Also, intervention storeowners showed significantly higher self-efficacy for stocking some healthy foods in comparison to West Baltimore storeowners. Findings of the study demonstrated that increases in the stocking and promotion of healthy foods can result in increased sales. Working in small corner stores may be a feasible means of improving the availability of healthy foods and their sales in a low-income urban community.

An ecological analysis of food outlet density and prevalence of type II diabetes in South Carolina counties.

PubMed

AlHasan, Dana M; Eberth, Jan Marie

2016-01-05

Studies suggest that the built environment with high numbers of fast food restaurants and convenience stores and low numbers of super stores and grocery stores are related to obesity, type II diabetes mellitus, and other chronic diseases. Since few studies assess these relationships at the county level, we aim to examine fast food restaurant density, convenience store density, super store density, and grocery store density and prevalence of type II diabetes among counties in South Carolina. Pearson's correlation between four types of food outlet densities- fast food restaurants, convenience stores, super stores, and grocery stores- and prevalence of type II diabetes were computed. The relationship between each of these food outlet densities were mapped with prevalence of type II diabetes, and OLS regression analysis was completed adjusting for county-level rates of obesity, physical inactivity, density of recreation facilities, unemployment, households with no car and limited access to stores, education, and race. We showed a significant, negative relationship between fast food restaurant density and prevalence of type II diabetes, and a significant, positive relationship between convenience store density and prevalence of type II diabetes. In adjusted analysis, the food outlet densities (of any type) was not associated with prevalence of type II diabetes. This ecological analysis showed no associations between fast food restaurants, convenience stores, super stores, or grocery stores densities and the prevalence of type II diabetes. Consideration of environmental, social, and cultural determinants, as well as individual behaviors is needed in future research.

Store manager performance and satisfaction: effects on store employee performance and satisfaction, store customer satisfaction, and store customer spending growth.

PubMed

Netemeyer, Richard G; Maxham, James G; Lichtenstein, Donald R

2010-05-01

Based on emotional contagion theory and the value-profit chain literatures, the present study posits a number of hypotheses that show how managers in the small store, small number of employees retail context may affect store employees, customers, and potentially store performance. With data from 306 store managers, 1,615 store customer-contact employees, and 57,656 customers of a single retail chain, the authors examined relationships among store manager job satisfaction and job performance, store customer-contact employee job satisfaction and job performance, customer satisfaction with the retailer, and a customer-spending-based store performance metric (customer spending growth over a 2-year period). Via path analysis, several hypothesized direct and interaction relations among these constructs are supported. The results suggest implications for academic researchers and retail managers. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved.

Moving Stormwater Infrastructure from Real-time Control to Smart Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wadzuk, B.; Bryant, S.; Lewellyn, C.; Zaremba, G.; Traver, R.

2017-12-01

Urban areas, especially combined sewer communities, are using green infrastructure (GI) systems (e.g. rain gardens, green roofs) to mitigate stormwater runoff volume, rate, and quality issues. Most municipal guidance and regulation limits these systems to static, passive designs that neither fully utilize the active hydrology of a GI system during and after a rainfall event, nor enable dynamic operational control. Real-time control (RTC) applied to GI is emerging, and under ideal model conditions has shown improved performance (i.e., greater volumes managed while minimizing downstream impact). There are a few RTC pilot field projects with promising results, such as on a cistern - green roof system there were only 30 overflow events out of 126 rain events and at a rain garden - cistern system only 1 of 81 events resulted in overflow. However, RTC does not get to a fully dynamic system as the initiation and consequent action is preset and static. In stormwater RTC systems, the initiation is typically a rain forecast or a sensor reading. At a rain garden - cistern system, a cistern that fills when raining is hard set to pump water to the rain garden 24 hours after the predicted rain ends. There have been instances where there is rain occurring or only a minimal amount of dry time for the rain garden to reestablish capacity for the pumped stored water. There is also no mechanism to automatically change the pump initiation time based on season or ambient conditions. A cistern - green roof system that uses stored water in an upstream cistern for green roof irrigation is initiated on a set soil moisture reading or a set irrigation volume daily. The soil moisture reading was rarely reached, so irrigation was often not initiated and the set daily irrigation volume did not vary over season. Moving from RTC to a smart system uses longer term and/or historical data to inform decisions beyond what a short-term forecast or real-time sensor can provide to give more context and flexibility in the initiation - consequent action logic. The use of the Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index as a back-cast and forecast tool to calculate an appropriate irrigation volume based on what rainfall is pending and whether the system is in drought state is used and discussed to move the GI systems into smart control.

The interference aerodynamics caused by the wing elasticity during store separation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lei, Yang; Zheng-yin, Ye

2016-04-01

Air-launch-to-orbit is the technology that has stores carried aloft and launched the store from the plane to the orbit. The separation between the aircraft and store is one of the most important and difficult phases in air-launch-to-orbit technology. There exists strong aerodynamic interference between the aircraft and the store in store separation. When the aspect ratio of the aircraft is large, the elastic deformations of the wing must be considered. The main purpose of this article is to study the influence of the interference aerodynamics caused by the elastic deformations of the wing to the unsteady aerodynamics of the store. By solving the coupled functions of unsteady Navier-Stokes equations, six degrees of freedom dynamic equations and structural dynamic equations simultaneously, the store separation with the elastic deformation of the aircraft considered is simulated numerically. And the interactive aerodynamic forces are analyzed. The study shows that the interference aerodynamics is obvious at earlier time during the separation, and the dominant frequency of the elastic wing determines the aerodynamic forces frequencies of the store. Because of the effect of the interference aerodynamics, the roll angle response and pitch angle response increase. When the store is mounted under the wingtip, the additional aerodynamics caused by the wingtip vortex is obvious, which accelerate the divergence of the lateral force and the lateral-directional attitude angle of the store. This study supports some beneficial conclusions to the engineering application of the air-launch-to-orbit.

A low calorie morning meal prevents the decline of hepatic glycogen stores: a pilot in vivo (13)C magnetic resonance study.

PubMed

Bawden, S J; Stephenson, M C; Ciampi, E; Hunter, K; Marciani, L; Spiller, R C; Aithal, G P; Morris, P G; Macdonald, I A; Gowland, P A

2014-09-01

Previous studies have reported a meal-induced rise in hepatic glycogen stores from baseline levels following a fast and it is generally assumed that glycogen levels rise steadily following meals throughout the day. However, measurements are normally taken in conditions that are not typical of the Western breakfast, which is relatively carbohydrate rich with a lower calorific content than most experimental test meals. As such, little is known about the normal metabolic response to a realistic, low calorie morning meal. Therefore, the aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the effects of a low dose oral glucose intake on hepatic glycogen levels following an overnight fast in healthy subjects. Glycogen levels were monitored in vivo using (13)C Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy at baseline and hourly for 4 hours following either a 50 g glucose drink (773 kJ) or a control drink (0 kJ) given over two different visits. During the control visit hepatic glycogen levels decreased throughout the experiment with statistically significant decreases from baseline at 190 minutes (P < 0.05) and 250 minutes (P < 0.05). By contrast, the low dose glucose intake maintained glycogen concentrations with no significant decrease from baseline over 4 hours. A comparison between visits revealed that mean glycogen concentrations were significantly greater during the glucose visit (control visit, AUC = 218 ± 39 mol L(-1) min(-1); glucose visit, AUC = 305 ± 49 mol L(-1) min(-1); P < 0.05). Liver volume decreased significantly from baseline at 180 minutes (P < 0.05) post consumption in both groups, with no significant difference found between visits. Gastric content volumes were significantly higher for the glucose visit immediately following consumption (P < 0.001) and at 60 minutes (P = 0.007) indicating slower gastric emptying for the glucose compared with the control. In conclusion, following an overnight fast, a low dose oral glucose challenge prevents a reduction in hepatic glycogen content but does not increase it above fasted levels.

Synergistic Effects of Minefields and Covering Fire (SEMAC) Computer Model. Volume 2. Analyst’s Manual

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-01

target type. A variable used to store the value of IT. UNITS none none none PK PKK POWER PPEAF(7) The square of the range at which the...targets in the column to provide for removal of the three damaged targets. A standard linear interpolation technique is used to pro - vide for the...considered to be shielded by terrain features. provided into which are pro - priority Whereas intruder/mine encounters are position (or dis- tance

Cloud computing and cloud security in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Shaohe; Jiang, Cuenyun; Wang, Ruxin

2018-04-01

We live in the data age. It's not easy to measure the total volume of data stored electronically, but an IDC estimate put the size of the "digital universe" at 0.18 zettabytes in 2006 and is forecasting a tenfold growth by 2011 to 1.8 zettabytes. A zettabyte is 1021 bytes, or equivalently one thousand exabytes, one million petabytes, or one billion terabytes. That's roughly the same order of magnitude as one disk drive for every person in the world.

Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems. Volume 1. Post-World War II Fighters 1945-1973,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

around 100 miles. With two Lockheed external 165-gallon tanks (and a full rocket load ) it was only 225 miles. Lieutenants Edward R. Johnston and...start. 12 While waiting for acceptable engines, North American had to bear the expense of storing unequipped F-82 airframes.13 The situation grew so bad...secure a suitable airframe for the GE TG-180 axial flow gas turbine engine, that the Air Technical Service Command of the Army Air Forces was

Topics in Optical Materials and Device Research - II. Volume II.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

FILE AND STORE IT IN CORE ACCA /IF NO FILE, ASSUME IT IS ALREADY IN CORE (NIC) JMS @ZERTAB /ZERO THE COMMAND TABLE TABLA /INITIALIZE THE CAMERA TABLE TO...BEFORE CALLING. WILL FIND THE FIRST AVAILABLE SPACE. *2420 OPENW, 0 JMS DIRFIN MONM @DISOLV JMS 0DIRFUN 1 2 NOFIL /POINTS TO A VALUE OF 0 ACCA JMS...ACCM FILNM MPOM CLOSE MEMA @CLOSE ACCM FILNM+I MPOM CLOSE JMS DIRFIN JMS @DIRFUN 1 1 FILNM ACCA JMS DIROUT JMP @CLOSE / // SUBROUTINE WRITE(IT,SIZE

Compatibility of Silicone-Based Brake Fluids with Elastomeric Components of Army Vehicles and Weapon Systems.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-02-01

propylene rubber) EPDM Brake valve parts and seals 80 EPDM (SAE, RM 69) Referee test slabs 70L VITON 0-rings 70 TN4 -i______ - -.- . .J....... TABLE 2...separated. The volume and hardness of two rubber test specimens was determined. One specimen was placed in the lower fluid layer (conventional fluid...and one specimen was suspended horizontally in the top fluid layer (silicone). The jar was stored on the laboratory shelf at ambient temperature. The

Three-dimensional analysis of enamel surface alteration resulting from orthodontic clean-up -comparison of three different tools.

PubMed

Janiszewska-Olszowska, Joanna; Tandecka, Katarzyna; Szatkiewicz, Tomasz; Stępień, Piotr; Sporniak-Tutak, Katarzyna; Grocholewicz, Katarzyna

2015-11-18

The present study aimed at 3D analysis of adhesive remnants and enamel loss following the debonding of orthodontic molar tubes and orthodontic clean-up to assess the effectiveness and safety of One-Step Finisher and Polisher and Adhesive Residue Remover in comparison to tungsten carbide bur. Thirty human molars were bonded with chemical-cure orthodontic adhesive (Unite, 3M, USA), stored 24 h in 0.9 % saline solution, debonded and cleaned using three methods (Three groups of ten): tungsten carbide bur (Dentaurum, Pforzheim, Germany), one-step finisher and polisher (One gloss, Shofu Dental, Kyoto, Japan) and Adhesive Residue Remover (Dentaurum, Pforzheim, Germany). Direct 3D scanning in blue-light technology to the nearest 2 μm was performed before etching and after adhesive removal. Adhesive remnant height and volume as well as enamel loss depth and volume were calculated. An index of effectiveness and safety was proposed and calculated for every tool; adhesive remnant volume and duplicated enamel lost volume were divided by a sum of multiplicands. Comparisons using parametric ANOVA or nonparametric ANOVA rank Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare between tools for adhesive remnant height and volume, enamel loss depth and volume as well as for the proposed index. No statistically significant differences in the volume (p = 0.35) or mean height (p = 0.24) of adhesive remnants were found (ANOVA rank Kruskal-Wallis test) between the groups of teeth cleaned using different tools. Mean volume of enamel loss was 2.159 mm(3) for tungsten carbide bur, 1.366 mm(3) for Shofu One Gloss and 0.659 mm(3) for Adhesive Residue Remover - (F = 2.816, p = 0.0078). A comparison of the proposed new index between tools revealed highly statistically significant differences (p = 0.0081), supporting the best value for Adhesive Residue Remover and the worst - for tungsten carbide bur. The evaluated tools were all characterized by similar effectiveness. The most destructive tool with regards to enamel was the tungsten carbide bur, and the least was Adhesive Residue Removal.

Direct observation of nucleation in the bulk of an opaque sample

DOE PAGES

Xu, Chaoling; Zhang, Yubin; Godfrey, Andrew; ...

2017-02-14

Remarkably little is known about the physical phenomena leading to nucleation of new perfect crystals within deformed metals during annealing, in particular how and where volumes with nearly perfect lattices evolve from structures filled with dislocations, and how local variations at the micrometer length scale affect this nucleation process. We present here the first experimental measurements that relate directly nucleation of recrystallization to the local deformation microstructure in the bulk of a sample of cold rolled aluminum, further deformed locally by a hardness indentation. White beam differential aperture X-ray microscopy is used for the measurements, allowing us to map amore » selected gauge volume in the bulk of the sample in the deformed state, then anneal the sample and map the exact same gauge volume in the annealed state. It is found that nuclei develop at sites of high stored energy and they have crystallographic orientations from those present in the deformed state. Accordingly we suggest that for each nucleus the embryonic volume arises from a structural element contained within the voxels identified with the same orientation. In conclusion, possible nucleation mechanisms are discussed and the growth potentials of the nuclei are also analyzed and discussed.« less

Direct observation of nucleation in the bulk of an opaque sample.

PubMed

Xu, Chaoling; Zhang, Yubin; Godfrey, Andrew; Wu, Guilin; Liu, Wenjun; Tischler, Jonathan Z; Liu, Qing; Juul Jensen, Dorte

2017-02-14

Remarkably little is known about the physical phenomena leading to nucleation of new perfect crystals within deformed metals during annealing, in particular how and where volumes with nearly perfect lattices evolve from structures filled with dislocations, and how local variations at the micrometer length scale affect this nucleation process. We present here the first experimental measurements that relate directly nucleation of recrystallization to the local deformation microstructure in the bulk of a sample of cold rolled aluminum, further deformed locally by a hardness indentation. White beam differential aperture X-ray microscopy is used for the measurements, allowing us to map a selected gauge volume in the bulk of the sample in the deformed state, then anneal the sample and map the exact same gauge volume in the annealed state. It is found that nuclei develop at sites of high stored energy and they have crystallographic orientations from those present in the deformed state. Accordingly we suggest that for each nucleus the embryonic volume arises from a structural element contained within the voxels identified with the same orientation. Possible nucleation mechanisms are discussed and the growth potentials of the nuclei are also analyzed and discussed.

Assessment of workplace air concentrations of formaldehyde during and before working hours in medical facilities.

PubMed

Higashikubo, Ichiro; Miyauchi, Hiroyuki; Yoshida, Satoru; Tanaka, Shinsuke; Matsuoka, Mitsunori; Arito, Heihachiro; Araki, Akihiro; Shimizu, Hidesuke; Sakurai, Haruhiko

2017-04-07

Workplace air concentrations of formaldehyde (FA) in medical facilities where FA and FA-treated organs were stored and handled were measured before and during working hours and assessed by the official method specified by Work Environment Measurement Law. Sixty-percent of the total facilities examined were judged as inappropriately controlled work environment. The concentrations of FA before working hours by spot sampling were found to exceed 0.1 ppm in some facilities, and tended to increase with increasing volume of containers storing FA and FA-treated materials. Regression analysis revealed that logarithmic concentrations of FA during working hours by the Law-specified analytical method were highly correlated with those before working hours by spot sampling, suggesting the importance for appropriate storing methods of FA and FA-treated materials. The concentrations of FA during working hours are considered to be lowered by effective ventilation of FA-contaminated workplace air and appropriate storage of FA and FA-treated materials in plastic containers in the medical facilities. In particular, such improvement by a local exhaust ventilation system and tightly-sealed containment of FA-treated material were urgently needed for the dissecting room where FA-treated cadavers were prepared and handled for a gross anatomy course in a medical school.

Semen collection, characterisation and artificial insemination in the beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) using liquid-stored spermatozoa.

PubMed

O'Brien, J K; Steinman, K J; Schmitt, T; Robeck, T R

2008-01-01

Ejaculates were collected from a beluga (Delphinapterus leucas) to gain an understanding of sperm biology and develop a short-term sperm preservation method for use in artificial insemination (AI). Ejaculate parameters and biochemistry, semen production and serum testosterone concentrations of an adult male were characterised for 21 months. Sperm viability, acrosome integrity and morphology did not change (P > 0.05) but ejaculate volume, sperm concentration and total spermatozoa per ejaculate were higher (P < 0.05) from January to June than from July to December. Peak testosterone concentrations (P < 0.05) were observed from October to April (8.0 +/- 1.6 ng mL(-1)). The effects of hyaluronic acid (HA), antioxidants, storage temperature and time on in vitro sperm characteristics were examined. Motility parameters and viability were improved (P < 0.05) when semen was stored at 5 degrees C compared with 21 degrees C. During the first 24 h of storage sperm agglutination was absent only at 5 degrees C in the presence of HA. A nulliparous 28-year-old female was inseminated endoscopically with liquid-stored semen. A pregnancy and birth of a calf was achieved following AI for the first time in this species, thereby validating both the AI technique and the fertility of beluga spermatozoa after chilled storage in a specialised diluent.

Business Models for Successfully Maintaining Games for Health.

PubMed

Baranowski, Moderator Tom; Isaac, Participants Fikry; Ashford, Chris; Goldman, Ron; Lenihan, David J; Poole, Brent; Buday, Richard; van Rijswijk, Jurriaan

2013-04-01

Videogames for health provide innovative, exciting, and possibly highly effective new media for helping players change their behaviors or otherwise benefit their health. Getting the right videogames into the hands of players who can benefit most in a way that pays for the continued innovation and creation of such games is a current challenge. Entertainment videogame companies, which create games primarily to enhance players' enjoyment, have used the general business marketplace (e.g., online stores, walk-in stores, app stores) to deliver their products directly to consumers and earn enough capital to invest in making new products. No one believes, however, that enough kids or adults would use the general business marketplace to purchase games for health in sufficient volume to provide the down payment for the innovation and creation of new games for health. A successful business model is critical to the financial future of games for health. We asked members of our Editorial Board who are in health-related companies (Fikry Isaac, MD, MPH), in several game development companies (Chris Ashford, Ron Goldman, David J. Lenihan, Brent Poole, and Richard Buday, FAIA), and the head of the Games for Health Europe Foundation (Jurriaan van Rijswijk, MSc) to address questions in a roundtable about the current and possible future business models for games for health.

Potential for formation of disinfection by-products from storage of chlorinated surface water in the Basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fram, Miranda S.; Maurer, Douglas K.; Lico, Michael S.

2005-01-01

Increased pumpage from a basalt aquifer near Fallon, Nevada, has caused its water levels to decline and has induced changes in the quality of water pumped from the basalt. The aquifer is the sole source of water for municipal supply to the city of Fallon, the Naval Air Station Fallon, and the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe. These changes may be mitigated by storage of surface water in the basalt for subsequent use. Because chlorination of the surface water may be required for storage, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Fallon Paiute-Shoshone Tribe, made laboratory tests using laboratory carbon-organic-free water, surface-water, ground-water, and basaltic-rock samples to determine the potential for formation of disinfection by-products. Experiments with water samples only (no rock and no chlorine) indicated no change in dissolved-organic-carbon (DOC) concentrations over a 20-day reaction period; whereas, all experiments using rock, water, and no chlorine indicated an increase in DOC concentrations. The greatest increase in DOC concentrations for all three water samples occurred in experiments with the rock samples from outcrops on Rattlesnake Hill. Experiments with water only and chlorine yielded a total trihalomethane (THM) concentration of 97.4 ?g/L for the ground-water sample and 347 ?g/L for the surface-water sample. Experiments with mixtures of water, rocks, and chlorine indicated that reactions with the rock consumed chlorine and released significant amounts of organic carbon from the rock, increasing the DOC concentration in the water. The organic carbon in the rocks likely is associated with the secondary clay minerals that line vesicles and fractures in the rocks. THM concentrations were greatest, from 335 to 909 ?g/L, for surface water equilibrated with rock samples from Rattlesnake Hill. However, the concentration of chlorine required to produce these high THM concentrations ranged from 18 to 84 mg/L. The results of the experiments suggest that the amount of organic carbon released from the rocks during successive cycles of recharge, storage, and recovery of chlorinated surface water may be relatively small. The chlorine demand of the rocks is so large that all of the free chlorine in the entire volume of recharged water likely would be consumed by only a very small volume of the aquifer surrounding an injection well, or beneath an infiltration bed. The majority of the volume of the aquifer filled by the stored water likely would never come in contact with free chlorine, and the increases in concentration of DOC observed in these experiments likely would occur in a very small volume of the stored water. For this reason, increases in concentration of THMs for the entire volume of water stored also likely would be considerably less than those measured in these experiments. To test this hypothesis, additional laboratory experiments using varying levels of chlorination, varying lengths of reaction periods, and repeated cycles of chlorination would be useful. A field experiment made at a small scale in an isolated part of the basalt aquifer would aid in the design of an operational system.

Proximity to Liquor Stores and Adolescent Alcohol Intake: A Prospective Study.

PubMed

Trapp, Georgina S A; Knuiman, Matthew; Hooper, Paula; Foster, Sarah

2018-06-01

Cross-sectional studies have reported associations between liquor store availability and alcohol use among adolescents, but few prospective studies have confirmed this association. The aim of this study was to examine whether proximity to liquor stores at age 14 years was associated with alcohol intake at ages 14, 17, and 20 years. Participants of the Western Australian Pregnancy Cohort (Raine) Study (n=999) self-reported alcohol intake at age 14 years (early adolescence, 2003-2005); age 17 years (middle adolescence, 2006-2008); and age 20 years (late adolescence, 2009-2011). A GIS measured proximity to the closest liquor store from participants' home and school addresses at age 14 years. Regression analyses in 2017 assessed the relationship between distance to the closest liquor store around home, school, or both (≤800 m versus >800 m) and alcohol intake. In cross-sectional analyses (age 14 years), having a liquor store within 800 m of school was associated with ever having part of an alcoholic drink (OR=2.34, p=0.003). Also, having a liquor store within 800 m of home or school was associated with ever having part of an alcoholic drink (OR=1.49, p=0.029) and ever having engaged in heavy drinking (OR=1.79, p=0.023). In prospective analyses, liquor store proximity at age 14 years was a significant predictor of alcohol intake at age 17 years (OR=2.34, p=0.032) but not at age 20 years. Liquor store availability in early adolescence may be a risk factor for alcohol intake in early and middle, but not late, adolescence. Improved understanding of the longer-term impacts of liquor store exposure on sensitive populations could help inform future licensing regulations. Copyright © 2018 American Journal of Preventive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Tobacco advertising in retail stores.

PubMed Central

Cummings, K M; Sciandra, R; Lawrence, J

1991-01-01

Recent studies have described tobacco advertising in the print media, on billboards, and through sponsorship of cultural and sporting events. However, little attention has been given to another common and unavoidable source of tobacco advertising, that which is encountered in retail stores. In July 1987, we conducted a survey of 61 packaged goods retail stores in Buffalo, NY, to assess the prevalence and type of point-of-sale tobacco advertising. In addition, store owners or managers were surveyed to determine their store's policy regarding tobacco advertising, receipt of monetary incentives from distributors for displaying tobacco ads, and willingness to display antitobacco ads. Six types of stores were involved in the study: 10 supermarkets, 10 privately owned grocery stores, 9 chain convenience food stores that do not sell gasoline, 11 chain convenience food stores that sell gasoline, 11 chain pharmacies, and 10 private pharmacies. Two-thirds of the stores displayed tobacco posters, and 87 percent had promotional items advertising tobacco products, primarily cigarettes. Larger stores, and those that were privately owned, tended to display more posters and promotional items. Eighty percent of tobacco product displays were for cigarettes, 16 percent for smokeless tobacco products, and 4 percent for cigars and pipe tobacco. Convenience stores selling gasoline had the most separate tobacco product displays. Of tobacco product displays, 24 percent were located adjacent to candy and snack displays. Twenty-nine of the 61 store owners or managers indicated that their store had a policy regulating the display of tobacco ads and tobacco product displays.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:1910192

In situ DMSO hydration measurements of HTS compound libraries.

PubMed

Ellson, R; Stearns, R; Mutz, M; Brown, C; Browning, B; Harris, D; Qureshi, S; Shieh, J; Wold, D

2005-09-01

Compounds used in high throughput screening (HTS) are typically dissolved in DMSO. These solutions are stored automation-friendly racks of wells or tubes. DMSO is hygroscopic and quickly absorbs water from the atmosphere. When present in DMSO compound solutions, water can accelerate degradation and precipitation. Understanding DMSO hydration in an HTS compound library can improve storage and screening methods by managing the impact of water on compound stability. A non-destructive, acoustic method compatible with HTS has been developed to measure water content in DMSO solutions. Performance of this acoustic method was compared with an optical technique and found to be in good agreement. The accuracy and precision of acoustic measurements was shown to be under 3% over the tested range of DMSO solutions (0% to 35% water by volume) and insensitive to the presence of HTS compounds at typical storage concentrations. Time course studies of hydration for wells in 384-well and 1536-well microplates were performed. Well geometry, fluid volume, well position and atmospheric conditions were all factors in hydration rate. High rates of hydration were seen in lower-volume fills, higher-density multi-well plates and when there was a large differential between the humidity of the lab and the water content of the DMSO. For example, a 1536-well microplate filled with 2microL of 100% DMSO exposed for one hour to a laboratory environment with approximately 40% relative humidity will absorb over 6% water by volume. Understanding DMSO hydration rates as well as the ability to reverse library hydration are important steps towards managing stability and availability of compound libraries.

The Grocery Store Food Environment in Northern Greenland and Its Implications for the Health of Reproductive Age Women.

PubMed

Watson, Zoe A; Shanks, Carmen Byker; Miles, Mary P; Rink, Elizabeth

2018-02-01

The population of Greenland is diminishing and environmental and social shifts implicate food availability and the health of reproductive age women. There is little knowledge of the grocery store food environment in Greenland. To address this gap and provide baseline information the present study measured food availability in five grocery stores in northern Greenland. As well, 15 interviews were conducted with reproductive age women, three grocery store managers were interviewed and one interview was conducted with a food distribution manager. Results show few fresh fruits and vegetables are available in grocery stores and in some stores no fresh foods are available. In Kullorsuaq, the primary location for this study, the Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in Stores score in spring 2016 was (3/30) and the Freedman Grocery Store Survey Score was (11/49). Interview results highlight a need to increase communication within the food system and to tailor food distribution policies to the Arctic context with longer term planning protocols for food distribution. These findings can be used to inform future food store environment research in Greenland and for informing policies that improve healthful food availability in grocery stores in northern Greenland.

Corner Store Inventories, Purchases, and Strategies for Intervention: A Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Langellier, Brent A; Garza, Jeremiah R; Prelip, Michael L; Glik, Deborah; Brookmeyer, Ron; Ortega, Alexander N

2013-01-01

An increasingly popular strategy to improving the food retail environment and promoting healthy eating in low-income and minority communities is the corner store conversion. This approach involves partnering with small 'corner' food stores to expand access to high-quality fruits, vegetables, and other healthy foods. We conducted a structured review of the literature to assess inventories and sales in corner stores, as well as to identify intervention strategies employed by corner store conversions. Our review returned eight descriptive studies that discussed corner store inventories and sales, as well as ten intervention studies discussing six unique corner store conversion interventions in the United States, the Marshall Islands, and Canada. Common intervention strategies included: 1) partnering with an existing store, 2) stocking healthy foods, and 3) social marketing and nutrition education. We summarize each strategy and review the effectiveness of overall corner store conversions at changing peoples' food purchasing, preparation, and consumption behaviors. Consumption of fresh, healthy, affordable foods could be improved by supporting existing retailers to expand their selection of healthy foods and promoting healthy eating at the neighborhood level. Additional corner store conversions should be conducted to determine the effectiveness and importance of specific intervention strategies.

The cumulative methane production from dairy cattle slurry can be explained by its volatile solid, temperature and length of storage.

PubMed

Sawamoto, Takuji; Nakamura, Megumi; Nekomoto, Kenji; Hoshiba, Shinji; Minato, Keiko; Nakayama, Motoo; Osada, Takashi

2016-06-01

In order to refine the national estimate of methane emission from stored cattle slurry, it is important to comprehend the basic characteristics of methane production. Two dairy cattle slurries were obtained from livestock farms located in Hokkaido (a northern island) and Kyushu (a southern island). The slurries were diluted with water into three levels: undiluted, three times diluted, and 10 times diluted. Three hundred mL of the slurries were put into a bottle with a headspace volume of 2.0 L, which was filled with nitrogen gas and then sealed by butyl rubber. Four levels of temperature were used for incubation: 35, 25, 15 and 5 °C. The time course of the cumulative methane production per volatile solid (VS) was satisfactorily expressed by an asymptotic regression model. The effect of dilution on the methane production per VS was not distinctive, but that of temperature was of primary importance. In particular, higher temperature yields a higher potential production and a shorter time when the cumulative production reaches half of the potential production. The inclusive and simple models obtained in this study indicate that the cumulative methane production from stored cattle slurry can be explained by VS, temperature and length of storage. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Rheological properties and bread quality of frozen yeast-dough with added wheat fiber.

PubMed

Adams, Vivian; Ragaee, Sanaa M; Abdel-Aal, El-Sayed M

2017-01-01

The rheological characteristics of frozen dough are of great importance in bread-making quality. The effect of addition of commercial wheat aleurone and bran on rheological properties and final bread quality of frozen dough was studied. Wheat aleurone (A) and bran (B) containing 240 g kg -1 and 200 g kg -1 arabinoxylan (AX), respectively, were incorporated into refined wheat flour at 150 g kg -1 substitution level (composite A and B, respectively). Dough samples of composite A and B in addition to two reference dough samples, refined flour (ref A) and whole wheat flour (ref B) were stored at -18°C for 9 weeks. Frozen stored composite dough samples contained higher amounts of bound water, less freezable water and exhibited fewer modifications in gluten network during frozen storage based on data from differential scanning calorimetry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Bread made from composite frozen dough had higher loaf volume compared to ref A or ref B throughout the storage period. The incorporation of wheat fiber into refined wheat flour produced dough with minimum alterations in its rheological properties during 9 weeks of frozen storage compared to refined and 100% wheat flour dough samples. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Optimum operation of restoration techniques for eutrophic water bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hagen, N. M.; Kleeberg, H.-B.

1994-05-01

Operating rules have been applied in water resources management for a long time in order to control and supply a required quantity (volume) of water. The operating rules have to guarantee the optimum management of the reservoir(s). The quality of the stored water has been satisfactory for the desired utilization up to the sixties. Due to the deterioration of reservoir water quality through human impacts, however, increased attention had to be paid since. Eutrophication of stagnant waters is still an unsolved problem. Through means of various restoration techniques, i.e., dilution/flushing or hypolimnetic withdrawal, the quality of the stored water can be improved. Continuous operation or appropriate time or depth variant operating rules are required to achieve this goal. The paper presents such rules for long-term operation. They have been established for the first time and can he represented in two or three-dimensional graphs depending on the number of included components (e.g., actual water storage and quality). The ‘quality operating rules’ take into account the dynamics of the processes in aquatic ecosystems. Simplifications with regard to application and acceptance (e.g., clarity) are developed and tested. The general validity and efficiency of the operating rules have been proved in a case study (a multi-purpose reservoir) and a fictitious lake.

FY94 CAG trip reports, CAG memos and other products: Volume 2. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1994-12-15

The Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (YMP) of the US DOE is tasked with designing, constructing, and operating an Exploratory Studies Facility (ESF) at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The purpose of the YMP is to provide detailed characterization of the Yucca Mountain site for the potential mined geologic repository for permanent disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Detailed characterization of properties of the site are to be conducted through a wide variety of short-term and long-term in-situ tests. Testing methods require the installation of a large number of test instruments and sensors with a variety of functions. These instruments produce analog andmore » digital data that must be collected, processed, stored, and evaluated in an attempt to predict performance of the repository. The Integrated Data and Control System (IDCS) is envisioned as a distributed data acquisition that electronically acquires and stores data from these test instruments. IDCS designers are responsible for designing and overseeing the procurement of the system, IDCS Operation and Maintenance operates and maintains the installed system, and the IDCS Data Manager is responsible for distribution of IDCS data to participants. This report is a compilation of trip reports, interoffice memos, and other memos relevant to Computer Applications Group, Inc., work on this project.« less

Availability of healthy snack foods and beverages in stores near high-income urban, low-income urban, and rural elementary and middle schools in Oregon.

PubMed

Findholt, Nancy E; Izumi, Betty T; Nguyen, Thuan; Pickus, Hayley; Chen, Zunqiu

2014-08-01

Food stores near schools are an important source of snacks for children. However, few studies have assessed availability of healthy snacks in these settings. The aim of this study was to assess availability of healthy snack foods and beverages in stores near schools and examine how availability of healthy items varied by poverty level of the school and rural-urban location. Food stores were selected based on their proximity to elementary/middle schools in three categories: high-income urban, low-income urban, and rural. Audits were conducted within the stores to assess the presence or absence of 48 items in single-serving sizes, including healthy beverages, healthy snacks, fresh fruits, and fresh vegetables. Overall, availability of healthy snack foods and beverages was low in all stores. However, there was significant cross-site variability in availability of several snack and fruit items, with stores near high-income urban schools having higher availability, compared to stores near low-income urban and/or rural schools. Stores near rural schools generally had the lowest availability, although several fruits were found more often in rural stores than in urban stores. There were no significant differences in availability of healthy beverages and fresh vegetables across sites. Availability of healthy snack foods and beverages was limited in stores near schools, but these limitations were more severe in stores proximal to rural and low-income schools. Given that children frequent these stores to purchase snacks, efforts to increase the availability of healthy products, especially in stores near rural and low-income schools, should be a priority.

Stability of amlodipine besylate in two liquid dosage forms.

PubMed

Nahata, M C; Morosco, R S; Hipple, T F

1999-01-01

To determine the stability of amlodipine besylate in two liquid dosage forms under refrigeration and at room temperature. Commercially available amlodipine tablets (Norvasc-Pfizer) were used to prepare two suspensions: one in extemporaneously prepared 1% methylcellulose in syrup (1:1), and another in equal volumes of commercially available OraPlus/OraSweet. Each suspension containing amlodipine 1 mg/mL was stored in 10 plastic prescription bottles; 5 were stored at 4 degrees C and 5 at 25 degrees C. Samples were collected immediately after preparation (day 0) and on days 7, 14, 28, 42, 56, 70, and 91. Amlodipine concentration was measured by stability-indicating HPLC method (n = 15). Research laboratory at Children's Hospital. Physical and chemical stability (> 90% of the initial concentration) of amlodipine in the two extemporaneously prepared suspensions during storage in plastic prescription bottles at 4 degrees C and 25 degrees C. Observed mean concentrations exceeded 90% of the initial concentrations in both suspensions for 91 days at 4 degrees C and 56 days at 25 degrees C. No noticeable change in physical appearance or odor was observed; pH changed slightly in the methylcellulose-containing formulation stored at 25 degrees C. Amlodipine was stable in two suspensions when stored in plastic prescription bottles for 91 days at 4 degrees C or 56 days at 25 degrees C. These formulations may be considered for pediatric or elderly patients who are unable to swallow tablets. The liquid dosage form would also permit accurate administration of amlodipine doses to infants and young children based on their body weight.

The ATLAS conditions database architecture for the Muon spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verducci, Monica; ATLAS Muon Collaboration

2010-04-01

The Muon System, facing the challenge requirement of the conditions data storage, has extensively started to use the conditions database project 'COOL' as the basis for all its conditions data storage both at CERN and throughout the worldwide collaboration as decided by the ATLAS Collaboration. The management of the Muon COOL conditions database will be one of the most challenging applications for Muon System, both in terms of data volumes and rates, but also in terms of the variety of data stored. The Muon conditions database is responsible for almost all of the 'non event' data and detector quality flags storage needed for debugging of the detector operations and for performing reconstruction and analysis. The COOL database allows database applications to be written independently of the underlying database technology and ensures long term compatibility with the entire ATLAS Software. COOL implements an interval of validity database, i.e. objects stored or referenced in COOL have an associated start and end time between which they are valid, the data is stored in folders, which are themselves arranged in a hierarchical structure of folder sets. The structure is simple and mainly optimized to store and retrieve object(s) associated with a particular time. In this work, an overview of the entire Muon conditions database architecture is given, including the different sources of the data and the storage model used. In addiction the software interfaces used to access to the conditions data are described, more emphasis is given to the Offline Reconstruction framework ATHENA and the services developed to provide the conditions data to the reconstruction.

Shopper marketing nutrition interventions: Social norms on grocery carts increase produce spending without increasing shopper budgets.

PubMed

Payne, Collin R; Niculescu, Mihai; Just, David R; Kelly, Michael P

2015-01-01

We assessed the efficacy of an easy-to-implement shopper marketing nutrition intervention in a pilot and two additional studies to increase produce demand without decreasing store profitability or increasing shopper budgets. We created grocery cart placards that detailed the number of produce items purchased (i.e., descriptive norm) at particular stores (i.e., provincial norm). The effect of these placards on produce spending was assessed across 971,706 individual person grocery store transactions aggregated by day. The pilot study designated a baseline period (in both control and intervention store) followed by installation of grocery cart placards (in the intervention store) for two weeks. The pilot study was conducted in Texas in 2012. In two additional stores, we designated baseline periods followed by 28 days of the same grocery cart placard intervention as in the pilot. Additional interventions were conducted in New Mexico in 2013. The pilot study resulted in a significant difference between average produce spending per day per person across treatment periods (i.e., intervention versus same time period in control) (16%) and the difference between average produce spending per day per person across stores in the control periods (4%); Furthermore, the same intervention in two additional stores resulted in significant produce spending increases of 12.4% and 7.5% per day per person respectively. In all stores, total spending did not change. Descriptive and provincial social norm messages (i.e., on grocery cart placards) may be an overlooked tool to increase produce demand without decreasing store profitability and increasing shopper budgets.

Shopper marketing nutrition interventions: Social norms on grocery carts increase produce spending without increasing shopper budgets☆

PubMed Central

Payne, Collin R.; Niculescu, Mihai; Just, David R.; Kelly, Michael P.

2015-01-01

Objectives We assessed the efficacy of an easy-to-implement shopper marketing nutrition intervention in a pilot and two additional studies to increase produce demand without decreasing store profitability or increasing shopper budgets. Methods We created grocery cart placards that detailed the number of produce items purchased (i.e., descriptive norm) at particular stores (i.e., provincial norm). The effect of these placards on produce spending was assessed across 971,706 individual person grocery store transactions aggregated by day. The pilot study designated a baseline period (in both control and intervention store) followed by installation of grocery cart placards (in the intervention store) for two weeks. The pilot study was conducted in Texas in 2012. In two additional stores, we designated baseline periods followed by 28 days of the same grocery cart placard intervention as in the pilot. Additional interventions were conducted in New Mexico in 2013. Results The pilot study resulted in a significant difference between average produce spending per day per person across treatment periods (i.e., intervention versus same time period in control) (16%) and the difference between average produce spending per day per person across stores in the control periods (4%); Furthermore, the same intervention in two additional stores resulted in significant produce spending increases of 12.4% and 7.5% per day per person respectively. In all stores, total spending did not change. Conclusions Descriptive and provincial social norm messages (i.e., on grocery cart placards) may be an overlooked tool to increase produce demand without decreasing store profitability and increasing shopper budgets. PMID:26844084

Defining the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus: a pilot study.

PubMed

Abu-Rustum, Reem S; Ziade, M Fouad; Abu-Rustum, Sameer E

2012-09-01

Our study aims at investigating the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus. This is a retrospective pilot study where three-dimensional and four-dimensional stored data sets were manipulated to retrieve eight anatomic planes starting from the midsagittal plane of the fetus. Standardization of volumes was performed at the level of the transverse abdominal circumference plane. Parallel shift was utilized and the spatial relationships between eight anatomic planes were established. The median and the range were calculated for each of the planes, and they were evaluated as a function of the fetal crown-rump length. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 63 volume data sets were analyzed. The eight anatomic planes were found to adhere to normal distribution curves, and most of the planes were in a definable relationship to each other with statistically significant correlations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe the possible spatial relationships between eight two-dimensional anatomic planes in the 11+6 to 13+6 weeks fetus, utilizing a standardized approach. Defining these spatial relationships may serve as the first step for the potential future development of automation software for fetal anatomic assessment at 11+6 to 13+6 weeks. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Use of Preservative Agents and Antibiotics for Increased Poliovirus Survival on Positively Charged Filters.

PubMed

Fagnant, Christine Susan; Kossik, Alexandra Lynn; Zhou, Nicolette Angela; Sánchez-Gonzalez, Liliana; Falman, Jill Christin; Keim, Erika Karen; Linden, Yarrow; Scheibe, Alana; Barnes, Kilala Sayisha; Beck, Nicola Koren; Boyle, David S; Meschke, John Scott

2017-12-01

Environmental surveillance of poliovirus (PV) and other non-enveloped viruses can help identify silent circulation and is necessary to certify eradication. The bag-mediated filtration system is an efficient method to filter large volumes of environmental waters at field sites for monitoring the presence of viruses. As filters may require long transit times to off-site laboratories for processing, viral inactivation or overgrowth of bacteria and fungi can interfere with virus detection and quantification (Miki and Jacquet in Aquatic Microb Ecol 51(2):195-208, 2008). To evaluate virus survival over time on ViroCap ™ filters, the filters were seeded with PV type 1 (PV1) and/or MS2 and then dosed with preservatives or antibiotics prior to storage and elution. These filters were stored at various temperatures and time periods, and then eluted for PV1 and MS2 recovery quantification. Filters dosed with the preservative combination of 2% sodium benzoate and 0.2% calcium propionate had increased virus survival over time when stored at 25 °C, compared to samples stored at 25 °C with no preservatives. While elution within 24 h of filtration is recommended, if storage or shipping is required then this preservative mixture can help preserve sample integrity. Addition of an antibiotic cocktail containing cephapirin, gentamicin, and Proclin ™ 300 increased recovery after storage at 4 and 25 °C, when compared to storage with no antibiotics. The antibiotic cocktail can aid sample preservation if access to appropriate antibiotics storage is available and sample cold chain is unreliable. This study demonstrated that the use of preservatives or antibiotics is a simple, cost-effective method to improve virus detection from ViroCap cartridge filters over time.

Systematic Parameterization, Storage, and Representation of Volumetric DICOM Data.

PubMed

Fischer, Felix; Selver, M Alper; Gezer, Sinem; Dicle, Oğuz; Hillen, Walter

Tomographic medical imaging systems produce hundreds to thousands of slices, enabling three-dimensional (3D) analysis. Radiologists process these images through various tools and techniques in order to generate 3D renderings for various applications, such as surgical planning, medical education, and volumetric measurements. To save and store these visualizations, current systems use snapshots or video exporting, which prevents further optimizations and requires the storage of significant additional data. The Grayscale Softcopy Presentation State extension of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard resolves this issue for two-dimensional (2D) data by introducing an extensive set of parameters, namely 2D Presentation States (2DPR), that describe how an image should be displayed. 2DPR allows storing these parameters instead of storing parameter applied images, which cause unnecessary duplication of the image data. Since there is currently no corresponding extension for 3D data, in this study, a DICOM-compliant object called 3D presentation states (3DPR) is proposed for the parameterization and storage of 3D medical volumes. To accomplish this, the 3D medical visualization process is divided into four tasks, namely pre-processing, segmentation, post-processing, and rendering. The important parameters of each task are determined. Special focus is given to the compression of segmented data, parameterization of the rendering process, and DICOM-compliant implementation of the 3DPR object. The use of 3DPR was tested in a radiology department on three clinical cases, which require multiple segmentations and visualizations during the workflow of radiologists. The results show that 3DPR can effectively simplify the workload of physicians by directly regenerating 3D renderings without repeating intermediate tasks, increase efficiency by preserving all user interactions, and provide efficient storage as well as transfer of visualized data.

Comparison of stored umbilical cord blood and adult donor blood: transfusion feasibility.

PubMed

Tokan, Rola Sahyoun; Arsan, Saadet; Erdeve, Omer; Solaz, Nuri; Avcı, Aslıhan; Ulkar, Serenay Elgün; Gülyapar, Elif; Ustünyurt, Zeynep; Bıyıklı, Zeynep; Kemahlı, Sabri

2012-09-01

This study aimed to compare the storage properties of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates of umbilical cordblood (UCB) and adult donor blood (ADB), and to evaluate the feasibility of UCB-RBC concentrate as an autologoussource for blood transfusion in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm neonates. In all, 30 newborn (10 preterm, 20 full term) UCB and 31 ADB units were collected.RBC concentrates were stored and compared with regard to pH, potassium (K(+)), 2,3-biphosphoglycerate (2-3-BPG),adenosine tri-phosphate (ATP), plasma Hb, and bacterial contamination on d 1, 21, and 35 of storage. The K(+) level increased with time and differed significantly between storage d 1 and 21, and between storaged 1 and 35 in both the UCB and ADB units. Initial and d 21 K(+) levels were higher in the UCB units than in the ADBunits. The 2,3-BPG level did not differ significantly between the UCB-PRC and ADB-PRC samples. After 35 d of storageboth UCB-PRC and ADB-PRC samples exhibited significant differences from the initial free Hb, intracellular ATP, andpH values. Significant differences in intracellular ATP and pH were also observed between the UCB-PRC and ADB-PRCsamples. The volume of harvested and prepared UCB-PRC can be used for some of the blood transfusions requiredduring the neonatal period and thus may decrease the number of allogeneic transfusions, especially in preterm newborns.The hematological and biochemical changes that occurred in UCB during storage were comparable with those observedin ADB, and do not pose a risk to the immature metabolism of neonates. UCB-RPC prepared and stored under standardconditions can be a safe alternative RBC source for transfusions in VLBW newborns.

Shallow aquifer storage and recovery (SASR): Initial findings from the Willamette Basin, Oregon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neumann, P.; Haggerty, R.

2012-12-01

A novel mode of shallow aquifer management could increase the volumetric potential and distribution of groundwater storage. We refer to this mode as shallow aquifer storage and recovery (SASR) and gauge its potential as a freshwater storage tool. By this mode, water is stored in hydraulically connected aquifers with minimal impact to surface water resources. Basin-scale numerical modeling provides a linkage between storage efficiency and hydrogeological parameters, which in turn guides rulemaking for how and where water can be stored. Increased understanding of regional groundwater-surface water interactions is vital to effective SASR implementation. In this study we (1) use a calibrated model of the central Willamette Basin (CWB), Oregon to quantify SASR storage efficiency at 30 locations; (2) estimate SASR volumetric storage potential throughout the CWB based on these results and pertinent hydrogeological parameters; and (3) introduce a methodology for management of SASR by such parameters. Of 3 shallow, sedimentary aquifers in the CWB, we find the moderately conductive, semi-confined, middle sedimentary unit (MSU) to be most efficient for SASR. We estimate that users overlying 80% of the area in this aquifer could store injected water with greater than 80% efficiency, and find efficiencies of up to 95%. As a function of local production well yields, we estimate a maximum annual volumetric storage potential of 30 million m3 using SASR in the MSU. This volume constitutes roughly 9% of the current estimated summer pumpage in the Willamette basin at large. The dimensionless quantity lag #—calculated using modeled specific capacity, distance to nearest in-layer stream boundary, and injection duration—exhibits relatively high correlation to SASR storage efficiency at potential locations in the CWB. This correlation suggests that basic field measurements could guide SASR as an efficient shallow aquifer storage tool.

Digital tumor fluoroscopy (DTF)--a new direct imaging system in the therapy planning for brain tumors.

PubMed

Herbst, M; Fröder, M

1990-01-01

Digital Tumor Fluoroscopy is an expanded x-ray video chain optimized to iodine contrast with an extended Gy scale up to 64000 Gy values. Series of pictures are taken before and after injection of contrast medium. With the most recent unit, up to ten images can be taken and stored. The microprogrammable processor allows the subtraction of images recorded at any moment of the examination. Dynamic views of the distribution of contrast medium in the intravasal and extravasal spaces of brain and tumor tissue are gained by the subtraction of stored images. Tumors can be differentiated by studying the storage and drainage behavior of the contrast medium during the period of examination. Meningiomas store contrast medium very intensively during the whole time of investigation, whereas astrocytomas grade 2-3 pick it up less strongly at the beginning and release it within 2 min. Glioblastomas show a massive but delayed accumulation of contrast medium and a decreased flow-off-rate. In comparison with radiography and MR-imaging the most important advantage of Digital Tumor Fluoroscopy is that direct information on tumor localization is gained in relation to the skull-cap. This enables the radiotherapist to mark the treatment field directly on the skull. Therefore it is no longer necessary to calculate the tumor volume from several CT scans for localization. In radiotherapy Digital Tumor Fluoroscopy a unit combined with a simulator can replace CT planning. This would help overcome the disadvantages arising from the lack of a collimating system, and the inaccuracies which result from completely different geometric relationships between a CT unit and a therapy machine.

Grocery store interventions to change food purchasing behaviors: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

PubMed

Hartmann-Boyce, Jamie; Bianchi, Filippo; Piernas, Carmen; Riches, Sarah Payne; Frie, Kerstin; Nourse, Rebecca; Jebb, Susan A

2018-06-01

Diet is an important determinant of health, and food purchasing is a key antecedent to consumption. We set out to evaluate the effectiveness of grocery store interventions to change food purchasing, and to examine whether effectiveness varied based on intervention components, setting, or socioeconomic status. We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (search performed June 2017). Studies must have: aimed to change food purchasing; been implemented in grocery stores (real or simulated); reported purchasing; and had a minimal control or compared interventions fulfilling our criteria. Searching, screening, bias assessment, and data extraction followed Cochrane methods. We grouped studies by intervention type (economic, environmental, swaps, and/or education), synthesized results narratively, and conducted an exploratory qualitative comparative analysis. We included 35 studies representing 89 interventions, >20,000 participants, and >800 stores. Risk of bias was mixed. Economic interventions showed the most promise, with 8 of the 9 studies in real stores and all 6 in simulated environments detecting an effect on purchasing. Swap interventions appeared promising in the 2 studies based in real stores. Store environment interventions showed mixed effects. Education-only interventions appeared effective in simulated environments but not in real stores. Available data suggested that effects of economic interventions did not differ by socioeconomic status, whereas for other interventions impact was variable. In our qualitative comparative analysis, economic interventions (regardless of setting) and environmental and swap interventions in real stores were associated with statistically significant changes in purchasing in the desired direction for ≥1 of the foods targeted by the intervention, whereas education-only interventions in real stores were not. Findings suggest that interventions implemented in grocery stores-particularly ones that manipulate price, suggest swaps, and perhaps manipulate item availability-have an impact on purchasing and could play a role in public health strategies to improve health. Review protocol registered at https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ as CRD42017068809.

Lessons learned from small store programs to increase healthy food access.

PubMed

Gittelsohn, Joel; Laska, Melissa N; Karpyn, Allison; Klingler, Kristen; Ayala, Guadalupe X

2014-03-01

To document implementation challenges and opportunities associated with small store interventions. Case study analysis of small store interventions conducted in 4 regions of the US. We systematically generated matrices to compare and contrast lessons learned to advance implementation science. Seven thematic areas were identified including: establishing relationships with stores, store owner and customer relationships, selection of intervention approaches, stocking healthier foods, evaluation, maintenance of changes, and dissemination. This information provides guidance to researchers and practitioners wishing to design, implement, and evaluate small store interventions.

Disparities in the Availability and Price of Low-Fat and Higher-Fat Milk in US Food Stores by Community Characteristics.

PubMed

Rimkus, Leah; Isgor, Zeynep; Ohri-Vachaspati, Punam; Zenk, Shannon N; Powell, Lisa M; Barker, Dianne C; Chaloupka, Frank J

2015-12-01

National surveillance data identify disparities in low-fat milk consumption by race/ethnicity and income. Some localized studies have shown disparities in access to low-fat milk by community characteristics. Our aim was to assess the availability and price of low-fat and higher-fat milk in food stores throughout the United States and examine associations with community characteristics. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving observational data collection in 2010, 2011, and 2012. The study included 8,959 food stores in 468 communities where nationally representative samples of students attending traditional public middle and high schools resided. We studied the availability and price of whole, 2%, 1%, and skim milk. Multivariate logistic regression and ordinary least squares regression analyses were performed. Models included store type, race/ethnicity, median household income, urbanicity, US Census division, and year of data collection. Less than half of all stores carried 1% and skim milk, and more than three-quarters of stores carried whole and 2% milk. Regression results indicated that the odds of carrying any type of milk were 31% to 67% lower in stores in majority black and 26% to 45% lower in other/mixed race compared with majority white communities. The odds of carrying specifically low-fat milk were 50% to 58% lower in majority Hispanic compared with majority white communities, and 32% to 44% lower in low-income compared with high-income communities. Some significant differences in milk prices by community characteristics were observed in grocery and limited-service stores. On average, low-fat milk options were more expensive in grocery stores in majority black and rural and suburban communities compared with such stores in majority white and urban communities. This is the first nationwide study to examine the availability and price of low-fat and higher-fat milk in food stores and show disparities in access by community characteristics. Policies and programs can play a role in increasing accessibility of low-fat milk in stores in nonwhite and low-income communities. Copyright © 2015 Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.