Linear and nonlinear response in sheared soft spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tighe, Brian

2013-11-01

Packings of soft spheres provide an idealized model of foams, emulsions, and grains, while also serving as the canonical example of a system undergoing a jamming transition. Packings' mechanical response has now been studied exhaustively in the context of ``strict linear response,'' i.e. by linearizing about a stable static packing and solving the resulting equations of motion. Both because the system is close to a critical point and because the soft sphere pair potential is non-analytic at the point of contact, it is reasonable to ask under what circumstances strict linear response provides a good approximation to the actual response. We simulate sheared soft sphere packings close to jamming and identify two distinct strain scales: (i) the scale on which strict linear response fails, coinciding with a topological change in the packing's contact network; and (ii) the scale on which linear superposition of the averaged stress-strain curve breaks down. This latter scale provides a ``weak linear response'' criterion and is likely to be more experimentally relevant.

Residual Distribution Schemes for Conservation Laws Via Adaptive Quadrature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barth, Timothy; Abgrall, Remi; Biegel, Bryan (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

This paper considers a family of nonconservative numerical discretizations for conservation laws which retains the correct weak solution behavior in the limit of mesh refinement whenever sufficient order numerical quadrature is used. Our analysis of 2-D discretizations in nonconservative form follows the 1-D analysis of Hou and Le Floch. For a specific family of nonconservative discretizations, it is shown under mild assumptions that the error arising from non-conservation is strictly smaller than the discretization error in the scheme. In the limit of mesh refinement under the same assumptions, solutions are shown to satisfy an entropy inequality. Using results from this analysis, a variant of the "N" (Narrow) residual distribution scheme of van der Weide and Deconinck is developed for first-order systems of conservation laws. The modified form of the N-scheme supplants the usual exact single-state mean-value linearization of flux divergence, typically used for the Euler equations of gasdynamics, by an equivalent integral form on simplex interiors. This integral form is then numerically approximated using an adaptive quadrature procedure. This renders the scheme nonconservative in the sense described earlier so that correct weak solutions are still obtained in the limit of mesh refinement. Consequently, we then show that the modified form of the N-scheme can be easily applied to general (non-simplicial) element shapes and general systems of first-order conservation laws equipped with an entropy inequality where exact mean-value linearization of the flux divergence is not readily obtained, e.g. magnetohydrodynamics, the Euler equations with certain forms of chemistry, etc. Numerical examples of subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows containing discontinuities together with multi-level mesh refinement are provided to verify the analysis.

Summation by parts, projections, and stability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olsson, Pelle

1993-01-01

We have derived stability results for high-order finite difference approximations of mixed hyperbolic-parabolic initial-boundary value problems (IBVP). The results are obtained using summation by parts and a new way of representing general linear boundary conditions as an orthogonal projection. By slightly rearranging the analytic equations, we can prove strict stability for hyperbolic-parabolic IBVP. Furthermore, we generalize our technique so as to yield strict stability on curvilinear non-smooth domains in two space dimensions. Finally, we show how to incorporate inhomogeneous boundary data while retaining strict stability. Using the same procedure one can prove strict stability in higher dimensions as well.

Enforcing the Courant–Friedrichs–Lewy condition in explicitly conservative local time stepping schemes

DOE PAGES

Gnedin, Nickolay Y.; Semenov, Vadim A.; Kravtsov, Andrey V.

2018-01-30

In this study, an optimally efficient explicit numerical scheme for solving fluid dynamics equations, or any other parabolic or hyperbolic system of partial differential equations, should allow local regions to advance in time with their own, locally constrained time steps. However, such a scheme can result in violation of the Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition, which is manifestly non-local. Although the violations can be considered to be "weak" in a certain sense and the corresponding numerical solution may be stable, such calculation does not guarantee the correct propagation speed for arbitrary waves. We use an experimental fluid dynamics code that allows cubicmore » "patches" of grid cells to step with independent, locally constrained time steps to demonstrate how the CFL condition can be enforced by imposing a condition on the time steps of neighboring patches. We perform several numerical tests that illustrate errors introduced in the numerical solutions by weak CFL condition violations and show how strict enforcement of the CFL condition eliminates these errors. In all our tests the strict enforcement of the CFL condition does not impose a significant performance penalty.« less

Multimessenger tests of the weak equivalence principle from GW170817 and its electromagnetic counterparts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Jun-Jie; Zhang, Bin-Bin; Wu, Xue-Feng; Gao, He; Mészáros, Peter; Zhang, Bing; Dai, Zi-Gao; Zhang, Shuang-Nan; Zhu, Zong-Hong

2017-11-01

The coincident detection of a gravitational-wave (GW) event GW170817 with electromagnetic (EM) signals (e.g., a short gamma-ray burst SGRB 170817A or a macronova) from a binary neutron star merger within the nearby galaxy NGC 4933 provides a new, multimessenger test of the weak equivalence principle (WEP), extending the WEP test with GWs and photons. Assuming that the arrival time delay between the GW signals from GW170817 and the photons from SGRB 170817A or the macronova is mainly attributed to the gravitational potential of the Milky Way, we demonstrate that the strict upper limits on the deviation from the WEP are Δγ < 1.4 × 10-3 for GW170817/macronova and Δγ < 5.9 × 10-8 for GW170817/SGRB 170817A. A much more severe constraint on the WEP accuracy can be achieved (~ 0.9 × 10-10) for GW170817/SGRB 170817A when we consider the gravitational potential of the Virgo Cluster, rather than the Milky Way's gravity. This provides the tightest limit to date on the WEP through the relative differential variations of the γ parameter for two different species of particles. Compared with other multimessenger (photons and neutrinos) results, our limit is 7 orders of magnitude tighter than that placed by the neutrinos and photons from supernova 1987A, and is almost as good as or is an improvement of 6 orders of magnitude over the limits obtained by the low-significance neutrinos correlated with GRBs and a blazar flare.

The Consequences of Differentiation in Episodic Memory: Similarity and the Strength Based Mirror Effect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Criss, Amy H.

2006-01-01

When items on one list receive more encoding than items on another list, the improvement in performance usually manifests as an increase in the hit rate and a decrease in the false alarm rate (FAR). A common account of this strength based mirror effect is that participants adopt a more strict criterion following a strongly than weakly encoded list…

The genetic contribution to sex determination and number of sex chromosomes vary among populations of common frogs (Rana temporaria).

PubMed

Rodrigues, N; Vuille, Y; Brelsford, A; Merilä, J; Perrin, N

2016-07-01

The patterns of sex determination and sex differentiation have been shown to differ among geographic populations of common frogs. Notably, the association between phenotypic sex and linkage group 2 (LG2) has been found to be perfect in a northern Swedish population, but weak and variable among families in a southern one. By analyzing these populations with markers from other linkage groups, we bring two new insights: (1) the variance in phenotypic sex not accounted for by LG2 in the southern population could not be assigned to genetic factors on other linkage groups, suggesting an epigenetic component to sex determination; (2) a second linkage group (LG7) was found to co-segregate with sex and LG2 in the northern population. Given the very short timeframe since post-glacial colonization (in the order of 1000 generations) and its seemingly localized distribution, this neo-sex chromosome system might be the youngest one described so far. It does not result from a fusion, but more likely from a reciprocal translocation between the original Y chromosome (LG2) and an autosome (LG7), causing their co-segregation during male meiosis. By generating a strict linkage between several important genes from the sex-determination cascade (Dmrt1, Amh and Amhr2), this neo-sex chromosome possibly contributes to the 'differentiated sex race' syndrome (strictly genetic sex determination and early gonadal development) that characterizes this northern population.

Existence and the dynamical behaviors of the positive solutions for a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with the crowing term and the weak growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Xianzhong; Gu, Yonggeng

2018-03-01

This paper deals with a ratio-dependent predator-prey system with the crowing term and the weak growth in the prey equation. Under the condition that the coefficient λ is less than a critical value λ1D (Ω0), we obtain existence of multiple positive steady state solutions of the predator-prey system and the dynamical behaviors of its positive solutions. Our results show that the predator and the prey possess not only the common coexistence, but also the very weak coexistence which both of the predator and the prey are very low. Meantime, the persistence of the positive solutions for the corresponding parabolic type system sometime depends strictly on the ratio of its initial data. Therefore, our results may be used to explain some special phenomena which under some bad environment, the predator and the prey may still coexist.

Constraints on axion inflation from the weak gravity conjecture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rudelius, Tom, E-mail: rudelius@physics.harvard.edu

2015-09-01

We derive constraints facing models of axion inflation based on decay constant alignment from a string-theoretic and quantum gravitational perspective. In particular, we investigate the prospects for alignment and 'anti-alignment' of C{sub 4} axion decay constants in type IIB string theory, deriving a strict no-go result in the latter case. We discuss the relationship of axion decay constants to the weak gravity conjecture and demonstrate agreement between our string-theoretic constraints and those coming from the 'generalized' weak gravity conjecture. Finally, we consider a particular model of decay constant alignment in which the potential of C{sub 4} axions in type IIBmore » compactifications on a Calabi-Yau three-fold is dominated by contributions from D7-branes, pointing out that this model evades some of the challenges derived earlier in our paper but is highly constrained by other geometric considerations.« less

Constraints on axion inflation from the weak gravity conjecture

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rudelius, Tom

2015-09-08

We derive constraints facing models of axion inflation based on decay constant alignment from a string-theoretic and quantum gravitational perspective. In particular, we investigate the prospects for alignment and ‘anti-alignment’ of C{sub 4} axion decay constants in type IIB string theory, deriving a strict no-go result in the latter case. We discuss the relationship of axion decay constants to the weak gravity conjecture and demonstrate agreement between our string-theoretic constraints and those coming from the ‘generalized’ weak gravity conjecture. Finally, we consider a particular model of decay constant alignment in which the potential of C{sub 4} axions in type IIBmore » compactifications on a Calabi-Yau three-fold is dominated by contributions from D7-branes, pointing out that this model evades some of the challenges derived earlier in our paper but is highly constrained by other geometric considerations.« less

Attractors for non-dissipative irrotational von Karman plates with boundary damping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bociu, Lorena; Toundykov, Daniel

Long-time behavior of solutions to a von Karman plate equation is considered. The system has an unrestricted first-order perturbation and a nonlinear damping acting through free boundary conditions only. This model differs from those previously considered (e.g. in the extensive treatise (Chueshov and Lasiecka, 2010 [11])) because the semi-flow may be of a non-gradient type: the unique continuation property is not known to hold, and there is no strict Lyapunov function on the natural finite-energy space. Consequently, global bounds on the energy, let alone the existence of an absorbing ball, cannot be a priori inferred. Moreover, the free boundary conditions are not recognized by weak solutions and some helpful estimates available for clamped, hinged or simply-supported plates cannot be invoked. It is shown that this non-monotone flow can converge to a global compact attractor with the help of viscous boundary damping and appropriately structured restoring forces acting only on the boundary or its collar.

Structural Design and Monitoring Analysis of Foundation Pit Support in Yiwu Huishang Tiandi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Chunsu

2017-08-01

Huishang Tiandi deep foundation pit in Yiwu is a two-story basement,which is located in the downtown area and adjacent to the city center main traffic trunk. The surrounding environment is too com-plex to slope. The excavation depth is large, the formation is weak and complex, and the groundwater level is high.In order to ensure the safety of the foundation wall and the surrounding environment, the deformation of the foundation pit support is strictly controlled, and the deformation and internal force of the foundation supporting structure and the surrounding building are monitored.The deformation law of the foundation pit is obtained through the analysis of the horizontal displacement, the deformation rate of the supporting struc-ture, the surrounding environment of the foundation pit and the internal force of the anchor cable. The relia-bility and rationality of the design of foundation pit support are verified. It is of reference value for the de-sign and construction of other deep foundation pit engineering in Yiwu area.

Ultrafast VHE Gamma-Ray Flares of IC 310

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barkov, Maxim V.; Aharonian, Felix; Khangulyan, Dmitriy V.

In 2012 November MAGIC detected a bright flare from IC 310. The flare consisted of two sharp peaks with a typical duration of ~ 5 min. The energy released during that event has been estimated to be at the level of 2 × 1044 erg s-1. In this work we derive an upper limit on the possible luminosity of flares generated in black hole (BH) magnetosphere, which depends very weakly on the mass of BH and is determined by disk magnetisation, viewing angle, and pair multiplicity. Since all these parameters are smaller than a unit, the luminosity 2 × 1043 erg s-1 can be taken as a strict upper limit for flare luminosity for several minutes variability time. This upper limit appears to be approximately an order of magnitude below the value measured with MAGIC. Thus, we conclude that it seems very unfeasible that the magnetospheric processes can be indeed behind the bright flaring activity recorded from IC 310.

Weak synchronization and large-scale collective oscillation in dense bacterial suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yilin

Collective oscillatory behavior is ubiquitous in nature and it plays a vital role in many biological processes. Collective oscillations in biological multicellular systems often arise from coupling mediated by diffusive chemicals, by electrochemical mechanisms, or by biomechanical interaction between cells and their physical environment. In these examples, the phase of some oscillatory intracellular degree of freedom is synchronized. Here, in contrast, we discovered a unique 'weak synchronization' mechanism that does not require long-range coupling, nor even inherent oscillation of individual cells: We found that millions of motile cells in dense bacterial suspensions can self-organize into highly robust collective oscillatory motion, while individuals move in an erratic manner. Over large spatial scales we found that the phase of the oscillations is in fact organized into a centimeter scale traveling wave. We present a model of noisy self-propelled particles with strictly local interactions that accounts faithfully for our observations. These findings expand our knowledge of biological self-organization and reveal a new type of long-range order in active matter systems. The mechanism of collective oscillation uncovered here may inspire new strategies to control the self-organization of active matter and swarming robots. This work is supported by funding from CUHK Direct research Grants (4053019, 4053079, 4053130), the Research Grants Council of HKSAR (RGC Ref. No. CUHK 409713), and from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC 21473152).

New test of weak equivalence principle using polarized light from astrophysical events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xue-Feng; Wei, Jun-Jie; Lan, Mi-Xiang; Gao, He; Dai, Zi-Gao; Mészáros, Peter

2017-05-01

Einstein's weak equivalence principle (WEP) states that any freely falling, uncharged test particle follows the same identical trajectory independent of its internal structure and composition. Since the polarization of a photon is considered to be part of its internal structure, we propose that polarized photons from astrophysical transients, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and fast radio bursts (FRBs), can be used to constrain the accuracy of the WEP through the Shapiro time delay effect. Assuming that the arrival time delays of photons with different polarizations are mainly attributed to the gravitational potential of the Laniakea supercluster of galaxies, we show that a strict upper limit on the differences of the parametrized post-Newtonian parameter γ value for the polarized optical emission of GRB 120308A is Δ γ <1.2 ×10-10 , for the polarized gamma-ray emission of GRB 100826A is Δ γ <1.2 ×10-10 , and for the polarized radio emission of FRB 150807 is Δ γ <2.2 ×10-16 . These are the first direct verifications of the WEP for multiband photons with different polarizations. In particular, the result from FRB 150807 provides the most stringent limit to date on a deviation from the WEP, improving by one order of magnitude the previous best result based on Crab pulsar photons with different energies.

Impact of spurious shear on cosmological parameter estimates from weak lensing observables

DOE PAGES

Petri, Andrea; May, Morgan; Haiman, Zoltán; ...

2014-12-30

We research, residual errors in shear measurements, after corrections for instrument systematics and atmospheric effects, can impact cosmological parameters derived from weak lensing observations. Here we combine convergence maps from our suite of ray-tracing simulations with random realizations of spurious shear. This allows us to quantify the errors and biases of the triplet (Ω m,w,σ 8) derived from the power spectrum (PS), as well as from three different sets of non-Gaussian statistics of the lensing convergence field: Minkowski functionals (MFs), low-order moments (LMs), and peak counts (PKs). Our main results are as follows: (i) We find an order of magnitudemore » smaller biases from the PS than in previous work. (ii) The PS and LM yield biases much smaller than the morphological statistics (MF, PK). (iii) For strictly Gaussian spurious shear with integrated amplitude as low as its current estimate of σ sys 2 ≈ 10 -7, biases from the PS and LM would be unimportant even for a survey with the statistical power of Large Synoptic Survey Telescope. However, we find that for surveys larger than ≈ 100 deg 2, non-Gaussianity in the noise (not included in our analysis) will likely be important and must be quantified to assess the biases. (iv) The morphological statistics (MF, PK) introduce important biases even for Gaussian noise, which must be corrected in large surveys. The biases are in different directions in (Ωm,w,σ8) parameter space, allowing self-calibration by combining multiple statistics. Our results warrant follow-up studies with more extensive lensing simulations and more accurate spurious shear estimates.« less

Parabolic Systems with p, q-Growth: A Variational Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bögelein, Verena; Duzaar, Frank; Marcellini, Paolo

2013-10-01

We consider the evolution problem associated with a convex integrand {f : {R}^{Nn}to [0,infty)} satisfying a non-standard p, q-growth assumption. To establish the existence of solutions we introduce the concept of variational solutions. In contrast to weak solutions, that is, mappings {u\\colon Ω_T to {R}^n} which solve partial_tu-div Df(Du)=0 weakly in {Ω_T}, variational solutions exist under a much weaker assumption on the gap q - p. Here, we prove the existence of variational solutions provided the integrand f is strictly convex and 2n/n+2 < p le q < p+1. These variational solutions turn out to be unique under certain mild additional assumptions on the data. Moreover, if the gap satisfies the natural stronger assumption 2le p le q < p+ minbig \\{1,4/n big \\}, we show that variational solutions are actually weak solutions. This means that solutions u admit the necessary higher integrability of the spatial derivative Du to satisfy the parabolic system in the weak sense, that is, we prove that uin L^q_locbig(0,T; W^{1,q}_loc(Ω,{R}^N)big).

On Strong Anticipation

PubMed Central

Stepp, N.; Turvey, M. T.

2009-01-01

We examine Dubois's (2003) distinction between weak anticipation and strong anticipation. Anticipation is weak if it arises from a model of the system via internal simulations. Anticipation is strong if it arises from the system itself via lawful regularities embedded in the system's ordinary mode of functioning. The assumption of weak anticipation dominates cognitive science and neuroscience and in particular the study of perception and action. The assumption of strong anticipation, however, seems to be required by anticipation's ubiquity. It is, for example, characteristic of homeostatic processes at the level of the organism, organs, and cells. We develop the formal distinction between strong and weak anticipation by elaboration of anticipating synchronization, a phenomenon arising from time delays in appropriately coupled dynamical systems. The elaboration is conducted in respect to (a) strictly physical systems, (b) the defining features of circadian rhythms, often viewed as paradigmatic of biological behavior based in internal models, (c) Pavlovian learning, and (d) forward models in motor control. We identify the common thread of strongly anticipatory systems and argue for its significance in furthering understanding of notions such as “internal”, “model” and “prediction”. PMID:20191086

Transabdominal cerclage: the significance of dual pathology and increased preterm delivery.

PubMed

Farquharson, Roy G; Topping, Joanne; Quenby, Siobhan M

2005-10-01

Transabdominal cerclage is a recognised treatment for cervical weakness with a history of recurrent mid-trimester loss and a failed elective vaginal suture. The emergence of dual pathology, such as antiphospholipid syndrome and bacterial vaginosis, is associated with an increased risk of preterm delivery (RR 2.34, 95% CI 1.15-5.8). The first 40 cases are described where strict adherence to an investigation protocol and consistent treatment plan has been implemented.

Basic Properties of Strong Mixing Conditions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

H. Dehling and W. Philipp. Almost sure invariance principles for weakly dependent vector-valued random variables. Ann. Probab. 10 (1982) 689-701. 34...Harris chains will not be discussed here.) It is well known that every stationary Harris chain has a well defined " period " p E {1,2,3,... (the chain is...chain is absolutely regular. (ii) More generally, for any strictly stationary real Harris chain, lim n (o in) = 1 - 1/p where p is the period . A

Thermodynamic description of Hofmeister effects on the LCST of thermosensitive polymers.

PubMed

Heyda, Jan; Dzubiella, Joachim

2014-09-18

Cosolvent effects on protein or polymer collapse transitions are typically discussed in terms of a two-state free energy change that is strictly linear in cosolute concentration. Here we investigate in detail the nonlinear thermodynamic changes of the collapse transition occurring at the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of the role-model polymer poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) [PNIPAM] induced by Hofmeister salts. First, we establish an equation, based on the second-order expansion of the two-state free energy in concentration and temperature space, which excellently fits the experimental LCST curves and enables us to directly extract the corresponding thermodynamic parameters. Linear free energy changes, grounded on generic excluded-volume mechanisms, are indeed found for strongly hydrated kosmotropes. In contrast, for weakly hydrated chaotropes, we find significant nonlinear changes related to higher order thermodynamic derivatives of the preferential interaction parameter between salts and polymer. The observed non-monotonic behavior of the LCST can then be understood from a not yet recognized sign change of the preferential interaction parameter with salt concentration. Finally, we find that solute partitioning models can possibly predict the linear free energy changes for the kosmotropes, but fail for chaotropes. Our findings cast strong doubt on their general applicability to protein unfolding transitions induced by chaotropes.

Strictly stable high order difference approximations for computational aeroacoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller, Bernhard; Johansson, Stefan

2005-09-01

High order finite difference approximations with improved accuracy and stability properties have been developed for computational aeroacoustics (CAA). One of our new difference operators corresponds to Tam and Webb's DRP scheme in the interior, but is modified near the boundaries to be strictly stable. A unified formulation of the nonlinear and linearized Euler equations is used, which can be extended to the Navier-Stokes equations. The approach has been verified for 1D, 2D and axisymmetric test problems. We have simulated the sound propagation from a rocket launch before lift-off. To cite this article: B. Müller, S. Johansson, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).

Galilean-invariant scalar fields can strengthen gravitational lensing.

PubMed

Wyman, Mark

2011-05-20

The mystery of dark energy suggests that there is new gravitational physics on long length scales. Yet light degrees of freedom in gravity are strictly limited by Solar System observations. We can resolve this apparent contradiction by adding a Galilean-invariant scalar field to gravity. Called Galileons, these scalars have strong self-interactions near overdensities, like the Solar System, that suppress their dynamical effect. These nonlinearities are weak on cosmological scales, permitting new physics to operate. In this Letter, we point out that a massive-gravity-inspired coupling of Galileons to stress energy can enhance gravitational lensing. Because the enhancement appears at a fixed scaled location for dark matter halos of a wide range of masses, stacked cluster analysis of weak lensing data should be able to detect or constrain this effect.

Dispersion of electron Bernstein waves including weakly relativistic and electromagnetic effects. Part 2. Extraordinary modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robinson, P. A.

1987-06-01

Extraordinary solutions of the weakly relativistic, electromagnetic dispersion relation are investigated for waves propagating perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field in a Maxwellian plasma. As in a companion paper, which treated ordinary modes, weakly relativistic effects are found to modify dramatically the dispersion predicted by strictly non-relativistic ‘classical’ theory in the neighbourhood of harmonics of the cyclotron frequency Ωe. The infinite families of classical Gross-Bernstein and Dnestrovskii-Kostomarov modes are truncated to include only harmonics s satisfying s (ω2p mc2/4kB TΩ2e)⅓ and s (ωp/Ωe)⅔/8 respectively where ωp is the plasma frequency and T the temperature. All classical cut-offs and resonances are removed apart from the x- and z- mode cut-offs. The only coupling between large- and small-wave-vector modes is between the z mode and a Gross-Bernstein mode near the upper-hybrid frequency and between the x mode and the second Gross-Bernstein mode near 2Ωe. Dispersion of the weakly relativistic counterpart of the x mode departs only slightly from that predicted by cold plasma theory except near Ωe and 2Ωe.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bertram, Christoph; Johnson, Nils; Luderer, Gunnar

Stringent long-term climate targets necessitate a strict limit on cumulative emissions in this century for which sufficient policy signals are so far lacking. Based on an ensemble of ten energy-economy models, we explore how long-term transformation pathways depend on policies pursued during the next two decades. We find that weak GHG emission targets for 2030 lead, in that year alone, to excess carbon dioxide emissions of nearly half of the annual emissions in 2010, mainly through coal electricity generation. Furthermore, by consuming more of the long-term cumulative emissions budget in the first two decades, weak policy increases the likelihood ofmore » overshooting the budget and the urgency of reducing GHG emissions. Therefore, to be successful under weak policies, models must prematurely retire much of the additional coal capacity post-2030 and remove large quantities of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere in the latter half of the century. While increased energy efficiency lowers mitigation costs considerably, even with weak near-term policies, it does not substantially reduce the short term reliance on coal electricity. However, increased energy efficiency does allow the energy system more flexibility in mitigating emissions and, thus, makes the post-2030 transition easier.« less

Group Centric Information Sharing Using Hierarchical Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

enable people to create data using RDF, build vocabularies using web ontology language (OWL), write rules and query data stores using SPARQL [8...a strict joined and the document was added with a strict add. In order to represent the fact that an action is allowed (or not), we have created a...greatly improve the system’s readiness to handle any number of access decision queries . a. The pair is tested against the gSIS Join and Add semantics

Boundary Regularity for the Porous Medium Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Björn, Anders; Björn, Jana; Gianazza, Ugo; Siljander, Juhana

2018-05-01

We study the boundary regularity of solutions to the porous medium equation {u_t = Δ u^m} in the degenerate range {m > 1} . In particular, we show that in cylinders the Dirichlet problem with positive continuous boundary data on the parabolic boundary has a solution which attains the boundary values, provided that the spatial domain satisfies the elliptic Wiener criterion. This condition is known to be optimal, and it is a consequence of our main theorem which establishes a barrier characterization of regular boundary points for general—not necessarily cylindrical—domains in {{R}^{n+1}} . One of our fundamental tools is a new strict comparison principle between sub- and superparabolic functions, which makes it essential for us to study both nonstrict and strict Perron solutions to be able to develop a fruitful boundary regularity theory. Several other comparison principles and pasting lemmas are also obtained. In the process we obtain a rather complete picture of the relation between sub/superparabolic functions and weak sub/supersolutions.

High Order Finite Difference Methods, Multidimensional Linear Problems and Curvilinear Coordinates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nordstrom, Jan; Carpenter, Mark H.

1999-01-01

Boundary and interface conditions are derived for high order finite difference methods applied to multidimensional linear problems in curvilinear coordinates. The boundary and interface conditions lead to conservative schemes and strict and strong stability provided that certain metric conditions are met.

A strictly Markovian expansion for plasma turbulence theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, F. C.

1976-01-01

The collision operator that appears in the equation of motion for a particle distribution function that was averaged over an ensemble of random Hamiltonians is non-Markovian. It is non-Markovian in that it involves a propagated integral over the past history of the ensemble averaged distribution function. All formal expansions of this nonlinear collision operator to date preserve this non-Markovian character term by term yielding an integro-differential equation that must be converted to a diffusion equation by an additional approximation. An expansion is derived for the collision operator that is strictly Markovian to any finite order and yields a diffusion equation as the lowest nontrivial order. The validity of this expansion is seen to be the same as that of the standard quasilinear expansion.

Joint weak value for all order coupling using continuous variable and qubit probe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumari, Asmita; Pan, Alok Kumar; Panigrahi, Prasanta K.

2017-11-01

The notion of weak measurement in quantum mechanics has gained a significant and wide interest in realizing apparently counterintuitive quantum effects. In recent times, several theoretical and experimental works have been reported for demonstrating the joint weak value of two observables where the coupling strength is restricted to the second order. In this paper, we extend such a formulation by providing a complete treatment of joint weak measurement scenario for all-order-coupling for the observable satisfying A 2 = 𝕀 and A 2 = A, which allows us to reveal several hitherto unexplored features. By considering the probe state to be discrete as well as continuous variable, we demonstrate how the joint weak value can be inferred for any given strength of the coupling. A particularly interesting result we pointed out that even if the initial pointer state is uncorrelated, the single pointer displacement can provide the information about the joint weak value, if at least third order of the coupling is taken into account. As an application of our scheme, we provide an all-order-coupling treatment of the well-known Hardy paradox by considering the continuous as well as discrete meter states and show how the negative joint weak probabilities emerge in the quantum paradoxes at the weak coupling limit.

DBI in the Sky

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alishahiha, M

2004-04-19

We analyze the spectrum of density perturbations generated in models of the recently discovered ''D-cceleration'' mechanism of inflation. In this scenario, strong coupling quantum field theoretic effects sum to provide a DBI-like action for the inflaton. We show that the model has a strict lower bound on the non-Gaussianity of the CMBR power spectrum at an observable level, and is thus falsifiable. This in particular observationally distinguishes this mechanism from traditional slow roll inflation generated by weakly interacting scalar fields. The model also favors a large observable tensor component to the CMBR spectrum.

[Two observations of evisceration after caesarean section performed according the so-called Stark procedure].

PubMed

Fournié, A; Madzou, S; Sentilhes, L; Descamps, P

2008-12-01

Two cases of evisceration after caesarean sections performed according the Misgav Ladach General Hospital procedure (Stark's procedure) are reported. In these cases, omentum was sutured between the edges of fascia recti, creating a weakness of the abdominal sheath. These cases claim about a strict procedure for fascia suture. Also, these cases question about the parietal peritoneal closure and the drawing of rectus muscles, which are vertical breaks; so, these sutures close transversal incision of the abdominal wall with cross sutures, which are very secure.

[Benefits of gluten-free diet: myth or reality?].

PubMed

Coattrenec, Yann; Harr, Thomas; Pichard, Claude; Nendaz, Mathieu

2015-10-14

Non celiac gluten sensitivity may explain digestive and general symptoms in patients without celiac disease but this recently described entity is controversial. The role of gluten in comparison to other nutriments such as saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs) remains debated. If a gluten-free diet is clearly indicated in celiac disease and wheat allergy, it remains debatable in non-celiac gluten sensitivity given weak and contradictory evidence. There is no strong evidence for a strict indication to a gluten-free diet in endocrinological, psychiatric, and rheumatologic diseases, or to improve performance in elite sports.

DSMC modeling of flows with recombination reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gimelshein, Sergey; Wysong, Ingrid

2017-06-01

An empirical microscopic recombination model is developed for the direct simulation Monte Carlo method that complements the extended weak vibrational bias model of dissociation. The model maintains the correct equilibrium reaction constant in a wide range of temperatures by using the collision theory to enforce the number of recombination events. It also strictly follows the detailed balance requirement for equilibrium gas. The model and its implementation are verified with oxygen and nitrogen heat bath relaxation and compared with available experimental data on atomic oxygen recombination in argon and molecular nitrogen.

77 FR 4678 - Nonconformance Penalties for On-Highway Heavy Heavy-Duty Diesel Engines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-31

.... Executive Order 13211 (Energy Effects) I. National Technology Transfer Advancement Act J. Executive Order... Amendments of 1977 as a response to a concern with requiring technology-forcing emissions standards for heavy-duty engines. The concern was if strict technology-forcing standards were promulgated, then some...

Cost effectiveness in Canada of a multidrug prepackaged regimen (Hp-PAC)+ for Helicobacter pylori eradication.

PubMed

Agro, K; Blackhouse, G; Goeree, R; Willan, A R; Huang, J Q; Hunt, R H; O'Brien, B J

2001-01-01

To assess the cost effectiveness of a multidrug prepackaged regimen for Helicobacter pylori, the Hp-PAC (lansoprazole 30mg, clarithromycin 500 mg, amoxicillin 1 g, all twice daily), relative to alternative pharmacological strategies in the management of confirmed duodenal ulcer over a 1-year period from 2 perspectives: (i) a strict healthcare payer perspective (Ontario Ministry of Health) excluding the patient copayment; and (ii) a healthcare payer perspective including the patient copayment. A decision-analytical model was developed to estimate expected per patient costs [1998 Canadian dollars ($ Can)], weeks without ulcer and symptomatic ulcer recurrences for the Hp-PAC compared with: proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-clarithromycin-amoxicillin (PPI-CA), PPI-clarithromycin-metronidazole (PPI-CM), PPI-amoxicillin-metronidazole (PPI-AM) and ranitidine-bismuthmetronidazole-tetracycline (RAN-BMT). All PPI-based regimens had higher expected costs but better outcomes relative to RAN-BMT. From a strict healthcare payer perspective, PPI-CM ($Can 209) yielded lower expected costs than PPI-CA ($Can 221) and slightly lower costs than Hp-PAC ($Can 211). However, these 3 regimens all shared identical outcomes (51.2 weeks without ulcer). When the current Ontario, Canada, $Can 2 patient copayment was added to the dispensing fee, Hp-PAC yielded lower costs ($Can 214) than PPI-CM ($Can 216). From a strict healthcare payer perspective, Hp-PAC is weakly dominated by PPI-CM with an incremental cost effectiveness (relative to RAN-BMT) of $Can 5.77 per ulcer week averted. When the patient copayment is added to this perspective, Hp-PAC weakly dominates PPI-CM ($Can 5 per ulcer week averted). Regardless of perspective, Hp-PAC and PPI-CM differed by only $Can 2 per patient over 1 year and the expected time without ulcer was 51.2 weeks for both. More data on the clinical and statistical differences in H. pylori eradication with Hp-PAC and PPI-CM would be useful. This analysis does not in clude the possible advantage of Hp-PAC in terms of compliance and antibacterial resistance.

The scaling of weak field phase-only control in Markovian dynamics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Am-Shallem, Morag; Kosloff, Ronnie

We consider population transfer in open quantum systems, which are described by quantum dynamical semigroups (QDS). Using second order perturbation theory of the Lindblad equation, we show that it depends on a weak external field only through the field's autocorrelation function, which is phase independent. Therefore, for leading order in perturbation, QDS cannot support dependence of the population transfer on the phase properties of weak fields. We examine an example of weak-field phase-dependent population transfer, and show that the phase-dependence comes from the next order in the perturbation.

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A strictly Markovian expansion for plasma turbulence theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, F. C.

1978-01-01

The collision operator that appears in the equation of motion for a particle distribution function that has been averaged over an ensemble of random Hamiltonians is non-Markovian. It is non-Markovian in that it involves a propagated integral over the past history of the ensemble averaged distribution function. All formal expansions of this nonlinear collision operator to date preserve this non-Markovian character term by term yielding an integro-differential equation that must be converted to a diffusion equation by an additional approximation. In this note we derive an expansion of the collision operator that is strictly Markovian to any finite order and yields a diffusion equation as the lowest non-trivial order. The validity of this expansion is seen to be the same as that of the standard quasi-linear expansion.

Differences in Gender Norms Between Countries: Are They Valid? The Issue of Measurement Invariance.

PubMed

Weziak-Bialowolska, Dorota

The values and attitudes towards gender roles are often investigated and compared from a cross-country perspective without the proper statistical treatment of the measurement invariance (MI) assessment. This implies that the conclusions based on composite scales of gender norms, gender role attitudes or gender egalitarianism, to name only a few, may be questionable. In this study, we address this lack by investigating the cross-country MI properties of the Gender Equality Scale (GES) based on World Value Survey data. We use multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with and without alignment to determine the configural, weak, strong and strict MI. The results show that the concept of gender equality is not comparable across all countries involved in the survey. In particular, it seems to differ between Western Europe and Central and Eastern Europe. We claim that only selected Central and Eastern European countries exhibit a configural MI but fail to show full weak MI and definitely fail to show full strong and full strict MI. However, under the aligned measurement framework, we succeeded in showing that for these countries, comparisons of the country rankings with respect to the GES are valid provided that a correction for non-invariance of certain factor loadings and/or intercepts is applied. Our study shows that the most egalitarian gender role attitudes measured by the GES are observed in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania and Croatia. They are significantly higher than the gender equality attitudes recorded in the lowest scoring countries Poland, Slovakia, Albania and Romania.

Strong copper(II) species in estuarine and sea waters investigated by a method with high detection window.

PubMed

Alberti, Giancarla; Biesuz, Raffaela; D'Agostino, Girolamo; Scarponi, Giuseppe; Pesavento, Maria

2007-02-15

The distribution of copper(II) in species of different stability in some estuarine and sea water samples (Adriatic Sea) was investigated by a method based on the sorption of the metal ion on a strongly sorbing resin, Chelex 100, whose sorbing properties have been previously characterized. From them, it is possible to predict very high values of detection windows at the considered conditions, for example side reaction coefficient as high as 10(10) at pH 7.5. Strong copper(II) species in equilibrium with Chelex 100 were detected, at concentration 2-20nM, with a reaction coefficient approximately 10(10.6) at pH 7.45 in sea water, strictly depending on the acidity. They represent 50-70% of the total metal ion and are the strongest copper(II) complexes found in sea water. Weak complexes too were detected in all the samples, with reaction coefficient lower than ca. 10(9) at the same pH. The method applied, named resin titration (RT), was described in a previous investigation, and is here modified in order to be carried out on oceanographic boat during a cruise in the Adriatic Sea.

Adaptive convex combination approach for the identification of improper quaternion processes.

PubMed

Ujang, Bukhari Che; Jahanchahi, Cyrus; Took, Clive Cheong; Mandic, Danilo P

2014-01-01

Data-adaptive optimal modeling and identification of real-world vector sensor data is provided by combining the fractional tap-length (FT) approach with model order selection in the quaternion domain. To account rigorously for the generality of such processes, both second-order circular (proper) and noncircular (improper), the proposed approach in this paper combines the FT length optimization with both the strictly linear quaternion least mean square (QLMS) and widely linear QLMS (WL-QLMS). A collaborative approach based on QLMS and WL-QLMS is shown to both identify the type of processes (proper or improper) and to track their optimal parameters in real time. Analysis shows that monitoring the evolution of the convex mixing parameter within the collaborative approach allows us to track the improperness in real time. Further insight into the properties of those algorithms is provided by establishing a relationship between the steady-state error and optimal model order. The approach is supported by simulations on model order selection and identification of both strictly linear and widely linear quaternion-valued systems, such as those routinely used in renewable energy (wind) and human-centered computing (biomechanics).

Structural Stability of Mathematical Models of National Economy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashimov, Abdykappar A.; Sultanov, Bahyt T.; Borovskiy, Yuriy V.; Adilov, Zheksenbek M.; Ashimov, Askar A.

2011-12-01

In the paper we test robustness of particular dynamic systems in a compact regions of a plane and a weak structural stability of one dynamic system of high order in a compact region of its phase space. The test was carried out based on the fundamental theory of dynamical systems on a plane and based on the conditions for weak structural stability of high order dynamic systems. A numerical algorithm for testing the weak structural stability of high order dynamic systems has been proposed. Based on this algorithm we assess the weak structural stability of one computable general equilibrium model.

Testing the weak-form efficiency of the WTI crude oil futures market

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Zhi-Qiang; Xie, Wen-Jie; Zhou, Wei-Xing

2014-07-01

The weak-form efficiency of energy futures markets has long been studied and empirical evidence suggests controversial conclusions. In this work, nonparametric methods are adopted to estimate the Hurst indexes of the WTI crude oil futures prices (1983-2012) and a strict statistical test in the spirit of bootstrapping is put forward to verify the weak-form market efficiency hypothesis. The results show that the crude oil futures market is efficient when the whole period is considered. When the whole series is divided into three sub-series separated by the outbreaks of the Gulf War and the Iraq War, it is found that the Gulf War reduced the efficiency of the market. If the sample is split into two sub-series based on the signing date of the North American Free Trade Agreement, the market is found to be inefficient in the sub-periods during which the Gulf War broke out. The same analysis on short-time series in moving windows shows that the market is inefficient only when some turbulent events occur, such as the oil price crash in 1985, the Gulf war, and the oil price crash in 2008.

[Research in palliative care; is something better than nothing?].

PubMed

van Delden, J J M Hans

2012-01-01

How strictly should we apply the rules of good clinical research, when the research in question is performed with terminally ill patients? Recently, a retrospective study into the effectiveness of radiotherapy for sialorrhoea in patients with a degenerative disease, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, was published in the Nederlands Tijdschrift voor Geneeskunde(Dutch Journal of Medicine). This commentary defends the position that in palliative care sometimes having weak scientific evidence is better than having nothing. Here, the need of the patient and the intention of the physician are 2 ethically relevant issues that need to be taken into account. If there is at least some evidence to believe an intervention is beneficial for the patient, this is a strong reason to provide it. And if such intervention can only be studied in a methodologically suboptimal way, then it is better to have that information, albeit not perfect, than none at all. This is not a justification of weak studies as such. If possible, palliative care should be as evidence-based as all other types of medical care. However, when the circumstances make methodologically perfect research impossible, it is better to act on weak evidence than on none at all.

Characterization of high order spatial discretizations and lumping techniques for discontinuous finite element SN transport

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maginot, P. G.; Ragusa, J. C.; Morel, J. E.

2013-07-01

We examine several possible methods of mass matrix lumping for discontinuous finite element discrete ordinates transport using a Lagrange interpolatory polynomial trial space. Though positive outflow angular flux is guaranteed with traditional mass matrix lumping in a purely absorbing 1-D slab cell for the linear discontinuous approximation, we show that when used with higher degree interpolatory polynomial trial spaces, traditional lumping does yield strictly positive outflows and does not increase in accuracy with an increase in trial space polynomial degree. As an alternative, we examine methods which are 'self-lumping'. Self-lumping methods yield diagonal mass matrices by using numerical quadrature restrictedmore » to the Lagrange interpolatory points. Using equally-spaced interpolatory points, self-lumping is achieved through the use of closed Newton-Cotes formulas, resulting in strictly positive outflows in pure absorbers for odd power polynomials in 1-D slab geometry. By changing interpolatory points from the traditional equally-spaced points to the quadrature points of the Gauss-Legendre or Lobatto-Gauss-Legendre quadratures, it is possible to generate solution representations with a diagonal mass matrix and a strictly positive outflow for any degree polynomial solution representation in a pure absorber medium in 1-D slab geometry. Further, there is no inherent limit to local truncation error order of accuracy when using interpolatory points that correspond to the quadrature points of high order accuracy numerical quadrature schemes. (authors)« less

Weak synchronization and large-scale collective oscillation in dense bacterial suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Chong; Liu, Song; Shi, Xia-Qing; Chaté, Hugues; Wu, Yilin

2017-01-01

Collective oscillatory behaviour is ubiquitous in nature, having a vital role in many biological processes from embryogenesis and organ development to pace-making in neuron networks. Elucidating the mechanisms that give rise to synchronization is essential to the understanding of biological self-organization. Collective oscillations in biological multicellular systems often arise from long-range coupling mediated by diffusive chemicals, by electrochemical mechanisms, or by biomechanical interaction between cells and their physical environment. In these examples, the phase of some oscillatory intracellular degree of freedom is synchronized. Here, in contrast, we report the discovery of a weak synchronization mechanism that does not require long-range coupling or inherent oscillation of individual cells. We find that millions of motile cells in dense bacterial suspensions can self-organize into highly robust collective oscillatory motion, while individual cells move in an erratic manner, without obvious periodic motion but with frequent, abrupt and random directional changes. So erratic are individual trajectories that uncovering the collective oscillations of our micrometre-sized cells requires individual velocities to be averaged over tens or hundreds of micrometres. On such large scales, the oscillations appear to be in phase and the mean position of cells typically describes a regular elliptic trajectory. We found that the phase of the oscillations is organized into a centimetre-scale travelling wave. We present a model of noisy self-propelled particles with strictly local interactions that accounts faithfully for our observations, suggesting that self-organized collective oscillatory motion results from spontaneous chiral and rotational symmetry breaking. These findings reveal a previously unseen type of long-range order in active matter systems (those in which energy is spent locally to produce non-random motion). This mechanism of collective oscillation may inspire new strategies to control the self-organization of active matter and swarming robots.

Weak synchronization and large-scale collective oscillation in dense bacterial suspensions.

PubMed

Chen, Chong; Liu, Song; Shi, Xia-Qing; Chaté, Hugues; Wu, Yilin

2017-02-09

Collective oscillatory behaviour is ubiquitous in nature, having a vital role in many biological processes from embryogenesis and organ development to pace-making in neuron networks. Elucidating the mechanisms that give rise to synchronization is essential to the understanding of biological self-organization. Collective oscillations in biological multicellular systems often arise from long-range coupling mediated by diffusive chemicals, by electrochemical mechanisms, or by biomechanical interaction between cells and their physical environment. In these examples, the phase of some oscillatory intracellular degree of freedom is synchronized. Here, in contrast, we report the discovery of a weak synchronization mechanism that does not require long-range coupling or inherent oscillation of individual cells. We find that millions of motile cells in dense bacterial suspensions can self-organize into highly robust collective oscillatory motion, while individual cells move in an erratic manner, without obvious periodic motion but with frequent, abrupt and random directional changes. So erratic are individual trajectories that uncovering the collective oscillations of our micrometre-sized cells requires individual velocities to be averaged over tens or hundreds of micrometres. On such large scales, the oscillations appear to be in phase and the mean position of cells typically describes a regular elliptic trajectory. We found that the phase of the oscillations is organized into a centimetre-scale travelling wave. We present a model of noisy self-propelled particles with strictly local interactions that accounts faithfully for our observations, suggesting that self-organized collective oscillatory motion results from spontaneous chiral and rotational symmetry breaking. These findings reveal a previously unseen type of long-range order in active matter systems (those in which energy is spent locally to produce non-random motion). This mechanism of collective oscillation may inspire new strategies to control the self-organization of active matter and swarming robots.

Classification of compactified su( N c ) gauge theories with fermions in all representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anber, Mohamed M.; Vincent-Genod, Loïc

2017-12-01

We classify su( N c ) gauge theories on R^3× S^1 with massless fermions in higher representations obeying periodic boundary conditions along S^1 . In particular, we single out the class of theories that is asymptotically free and weakly coupled in the infrared, and therefore, is amenable to semi-classical treatment. Our study is conducted by carefully identifying the vacua inside the affine Weyl chamber using Verma bases and Frobenius formula techniques. Theories with fermions in pure representations are generally strongly coupled. The only exceptions are the four-index symmetric representation of su(2) and adjoint representation of su( N c ). However, we find a plethora of admissible theories with fermions in mixed representations. A sub-class of these theories have degenerate perturbative vacua separated by domain walls. In particular, su( N c ) theories with fermions in the mixed representations adjoint⊕fundamental and adjoint⊕two-index symmetric admit degenerate vacua that spontaneously break the parity P , charge conjugation C , and time reversal T symmetries. These are the first examples of strictly weakly coupled gauge theories on R^3× S^1 with spontaneously broken C , P , and T symmetries. We also compute the fermion zero modes in the background of monopole-instantons. The monopoles and their composites (topological molecules) proliferate in the vacuum leading to the confinement of electric charges. Interestingly enough, some theories have also accidental degenerate vacua, which are not related by any symmetry. These vacua admit different numbers of fermionic zero modes, and hence, different kinds of topological molecules. The lack of symmetry, however, indicates that such degeneracy might be lifted by higher order corrections. Finally, we study the general phase structure of adjoint⊕fundamental theories in the small circle and decompactification limits.

Inverse Jacobi multiplier as a link between conservative systems and Poisson structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, Isaac A.; Hernández-Bermejo, Benito

2017-08-01

Some aspects of the relationship between conservativeness of a dynamical system (namely the preservation of a finite measure) and the existence of a Poisson structure for that system are analyzed. From the local point of view, due to the flow-box theorem we restrict ourselves to neighborhoods of singularities. In this sense, we characterize Poisson structures around the typical zero-Hopf singularity in dimension 3 under the assumption of having a local analytic first integral with non-vanishing first jet by connecting with the classical Poincaré center problem. From the global point of view, we connect the property of being strictly conservative (the invariant measure must be positive) with the existence of a Poisson structure depending on the phase space dimension. Finally, weak conservativeness in dimension two is introduced by the extension of inverse Jacobi multipliers as weak solutions of its defining partial differential equation and some of its applications are developed. Examples including Lotka-Volterra systems, quadratic isochronous centers, and non-smooth oscillators are provided.

Germinating a New SEAD: The Implications of Executing the SEAD Mission in a UCAV

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-06-01

20 SEAD FROM BIRTH TO MATURITY...reader must understand those differences in order to understand the weight in the argument. The first group of related terms has to do with unmanned...higher flying were ordered in mass numbers. However, these RPVs were strictly for target practice. None was intended for combat.12 At the onset

Magnifying Lenses with Weak Achromatic Bends for High-Energy Electron Radiography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walstrom, Peter Lowell

2015-02-27

This memo briefly describes bremsstrahlung background effects in GeV-range electron radiography systems and the use of weak bending magnets to deflect the image to the side of the forward bremsstrahlung spot to reduce background. The image deflection introduces first-order chromatic image blur due to dispersion. Two approaches to eliminating the dispersion effect to first order by use of magnifying lens with achromatic bends are described. Also, higher-order image blur terms caused by weak bends are also discussed, and shown to be negligibly small in most cases of interest.

Spin noise spectroscopy beyond thermal equilibrium and linear response.

PubMed

Glasenapp, P; Sinitsyn, N A; Yang, Luyi; Rickel, D G; Roy, D; Greilich, A; Bayer, M; Crooker, S A

2014-10-10

Per the fluctuation-dissipation theorem, the information obtained from spin fluctuation studies in thermal equilibrium is necessarily constrained by the system's linear response functions. However, by including weak radio frequency magnetic fields, we demonstrate that intrinsic and random spin fluctuations even in strictly unpolarized ensembles can reveal underlying patterns of correlation and coupling beyond linear response, and can be used to study nonequilibrium and even multiphoton coherent spin phenomena. We demonstrate this capability in a classical vapor of (41)K alkali atoms, where spin fluctuations alone directly reveal Rabi splittings, the formation of Mollow triplets and Autler-Townes doublets, ac Zeeman shifts, and even nonlinear multiphoton coherences.

Characterization of biofilms produced by Escherichia coli O157 isolated from cattle hides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Milojević, L.; Velebit, B.; Baltić, T.; Nikolić, A.; Mitrović, R.; Đorđević, V.

2017-09-01

This study aimed to investigate possibility E. coli O157 from cattle hides to produced biofilms. We had 28 suspect primoisolates and 17 were confirmed to be E. coli O157. Biofilm production test showed that more than 50% of this isolates did not produce biofilm. From the other half of the isolates, 5 of them were weakly adherent, 3 were moderately adherent. Since E. coli O157 are one of the main foodborne hazards in meat processing industry and the discovery that some of them can produce moderately adherent biofilms, request necessity of strict implementation of HACCP procedures to prevent further expansion this pathogen.

WEAK GALERKIN METHODS FOR SECOND ORDER ELLIPTIC INTERFACE PROBLEMS

PubMed Central

MU, LIN; WANG, JUNPING; WEI, GUOWEI; YE, XIU; ZHAO, SHAN

2013-01-01

Weak Galerkin methods refer to general finite element methods for partial differential equations (PDEs) in which differential operators are approximated by their weak forms as distributions. Such weak forms give rise to desirable flexibilities in enforcing boundary and interface conditions. A weak Galerkin finite element method (WG-FEM) is developed in this paper for solving elliptic PDEs with discontinuous coefficients and interfaces. Theoretically, it is proved that high order numerical schemes can be designed by using the WG-FEM with polynomials of high order on each element. Extensive numerical experiments have been carried to validate the WG-FEM for solving second order elliptic interface problems. High order of convergence is numerically confirmed in both L2 and L∞ norms for the piecewise linear WG-FEM. Special attention is paid to solve many interface problems, in which the solution possesses a certain singularity due to the nonsmoothness of the interface. A challenge in research is to design nearly second order numerical methods that work well for problems with low regularity in the solution. The best known numerical scheme in the literature is of order O(h) to O(h1.5) for the solution itself in L∞ norm. It is demonstrated that the WG-FEM of the lowest order, i.e., the piecewise constant WG-FEM, is capable of delivering numerical approximations that are of order O(h1.75) to O(h2) in the L∞ norm for C1 or Lipschitz continuous interfaces associated with a C1 or H2 continuous solution. PMID:24072935

Enzymatic mechanisms of biological magnetic sensitivity.

PubMed

Letuta, Ulyana G; Berdinskiy, Vitaly L; Udagawa, Chikako; Tanimoto, Yoshifumi

2017-10-01

Primary biological magnetoreceptors in living organisms is one of the main research problems in magnetobiology. Intracellular enzymatic reactions accompanied by electron transfer have been shown to be receptors of magnetic fields, and spin-dependent ion-radical processes can be a universal mechanism of biological magnetosensitivity. Magnetic interactions in intermediate ion-radical pairs, such as Zeeman and hyperfine (HFI) interactions, in accordance with proposed strict quantum mechanical theory, can determine magnetic-field dependencies of reactions that produce biologically important molecules needed for cell growth. Hyperfine interactions of electrons with nuclear magnetic moments of magnetic isotopes can explain the most important part of biomagnetic sensitivities in a weak magnetic field comparable to the Earth's magnetic field. The theoretical results mean that magnetic-field dependencies of enzymatic reaction rates in a weak magnetic field that can be independent of HFI constant a, if H < a, and are determined by the rate constant of chemical transformations in the enzyme active site. Both Zeeman and HFI interactions predict strong magnetic-field dependence in weak magnetic fields and magnetic-field independence of enzymatic reaction rate constants in strong magnetic fields. The theoretical results can explain the magnetic sensitivity of E. coli cell and demonstrate that intracellular enzymatic reactions are primary magnetoreceptors in living organisms. Bioelectromagnetics. 38:511-521, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Why Can You "Have a Drink" When You Can't "*Have an Eat?"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wierzbicka, Anna

1982-01-01

Argues that sentences in the "have a V" frame are not idiosyncratic, but exhibit orderly and systematic behavior and are governed by strict semantic rules. Discusses 10 subtypes, each with a slightly different semantic formula. (EKN)

Deep Space Chronicle: A Chronology of Deep Space and Planetary Probes 1958-2000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siddiqi, Asif A.; Launius, Roger (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

This monograph contains brief descriptions of all robotic deep space missions attempted since the opening of the space age in 1957. The missions are listed strictly chronologically in order of launch date (not by planetary encounter).

An OTA-C filter for ECG acquisition systems with highly linear range and less passband attenuation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jihai, Duan; Chuang, Lan; Weilin, Xu; Baolin, Wei

2015-05-01

A fifth order operational transconductance amplifier-C (OTA-C) Butterworth type low-pass filter with highly linear range and less passband attenuation is presented for wearable bio-telemetry monitoring applications in a UWB wireless body area network. The source degeneration structure applied in typical small transconductance circuit is improved to provide a highly linear range for the OTA-C filter. Moreover, to reduce the passband attenuation of the filter, a cascode structure is employed as the output stage of the OTA. The OTA-based circuit is operated in weak inversion due to strict power limitation in the biomedical chip. The filter is fabricated in a SMIC 0.18-μm CMOS process. The measured results for the filter have shown a passband gain of -6.2 dB, while the -3-dB frequency is around 276 Hz. For the 0.8 VPP sinusoidal input at 100 Hz, a total harmonic distortion (THD) of -56.8 dB is obtained. An electrocardiogram signal with noise interference is fed into this chip to validate the function of the designed filter. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 61161003, 61264001, 61166004) and the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation (No. 2013GXNSFAA019333).

A note on monotonicity of item response functions for ordered polytomous item response theory models.

PubMed

Kang, Hyeon-Ah; Su, Ya-Hui; Chang, Hua-Hua

2018-03-08

A monotone relationship between a true score (τ) and a latent trait level (θ) has been a key assumption for many psychometric applications. The monotonicity property in dichotomous response models is evident as a result of a transformation via a test characteristic curve. Monotonicity in polytomous models, in contrast, is not immediately obvious because item response functions are determined by a set of response category curves, which are conceivably non-monotonic in θ. The purpose of the present note is to demonstrate strict monotonicity in ordered polytomous item response models. Five models that are widely used in operational assessments are considered for proof: the generalized partial credit model (Muraki, 1992, Applied Psychological Measurement, 16, 159), the nominal model (Bock, 1972, Psychometrika, 37, 29), the partial credit model (Masters, 1982, Psychometrika, 47, 147), the rating scale model (Andrich, 1978, Psychometrika, 43, 561), and the graded response model (Samejima, 1972, A general model for free-response data (Psychometric Monograph no. 18). Psychometric Society, Richmond). The study asserts that the item response functions in these models strictly increase in θ and thus there exists strict monotonicity between τ and θ under certain specified conditions. This conclusion validates the practice of customarily using τ in place of θ in applied settings and provides theoretical grounds for one-to-one transformations between the two scales. © 2018 The British Psychological Society.

Detection of low numbers of microplastics in North Sea fish using strict quality assurance criteria.

PubMed

Hermsen, Enya; Pompe, Renske; Besseling, Ellen; Koelmans, Albert A

2017-09-15

We investigated 400 individual fish of four North Sea species: Atlantic Herring, Sprat, Common Dab, and Whiting on ingestion of >20μm microplastic. Strict quality assurance criteria were followed in order to control contamination during the study. Two plastic particles were found in only 1 (a Sprat) out of 400 individuals (0.25%, with a 95% confidence interval of 0.09-1.1%). The particles were identified to consist of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) through FTIR spectroscopy. No contamination occurred during the study, showing the method applied to be suitable for microplastic ingestion studies in biota. We discuss the low particle count for North Sea fish with those in other studies and suggest a relation between reported particle count and degree of quality assurance applied. Microplastic ingestion by fish may be less common than thought initially, with low incidence shown in this study, and other studies adhering to strict quality assurance criteria. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Simulating the thermodynamics of charging in weak polyelectrolytes: the Debye-Hückel limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rathee, Vikramjit S.; Sikora, Benjamin J.; Sidky, Hythem; Whitmer, Jonathan K.

2018-01-01

The coil-globule transition in weak (annealed) polyelectrolytes involves a subtle balance of pH, charge strength, and solvation forces. In this work, we utilize a coarse-grained hybrid grand-canonical Monte Carlo and molecular dynamics approach to explore the swelling behavior of weak linear and star polyelectrolytes under different ionic screening conditions and pH. Importantly, we are able to quantify topology-dependent effects in charging which arise at the core of star polymers. Our results are suggestive of suppression of charging in star weak polyelectrolytes in comparison to linear weak polyelectrolytes. Furthermore, we characterize the coil-globule transition in linear and star weak polyelectrolyte through expanded ensemble density-of-states simulations which suggest a change from a first order to second order phase transition moving from linear to star polyelectrolytes. Lastly, we characterize the inhomogeneous charging across the weak star polyelectrolyte through observed shifts in {{Δ }}{{{pK}}}{{o}}, and compare with experimental work. We discuss these results in relation to surfaces functionalized by weak polyelectrolyte brushes and weak polyelectrolyte-based drug delivery applications.

The reaction mechanism of methyl-coenzyme M reductase: How an enzyme enforces strict binding order

DOE PAGES

Wongnate, Thanyaporn; Ragsdale, Stephen W.

2015-02-17

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) is a nickel tetrahydrocorphinoid (coenzyme F430) containing enzyme involved in the biological synthesis and anaerobic oxidation of methane. MCR catalyzes the conversion of methyl-2-mercaptoethanesulfonate (methyl-SCoM) and N-7-mercaptoheptanoylthreonine phosphate (CoB 7SH) to CH 4 and the mixed disulfide CoBS-SCoM. In this study, the reaction of MCR from Methanothermobacter marburgensis, with its native substrates was investigated using static binding, chemical quench, and stopped-flow techniques. Rate constants were measured for each step in this strictly ordered ternary complex catalytic mechanism. Surprisingly, in the absence of the other substrate, MCR can bind either substrate; however, only one binary complex (MCR·methyl-SCoM)more » is productive whereas the other (MCR·CoB 7SH) is inhibitory. Moreover, the kinetic data demonstrate that binding of methyl-SCoM to the inhibitory MCR·CoB 7SH complex is highly disfavored ( Kd = 56 mM). However, binding of CoB 7SH to the productive MCR·methyl-SCoM complex to form the active ternary complex (CoB 7SH·MCR(Ni I)·CH 3SCoM) is highly favored ( Kd = 79 μM). Only then can the chemical reaction occur ( kobs = 20 s -1 at 25 °C), leading to rapid formation and dissociation of CH 4 leaving the binary product complex (MCR(Ni II)·CoB 7S -·SCoM), which undergoes electron transfer to regenerate Ni(I) and the final product CoBS-SCoM. In conclusion, this first rapid kinetics study of MCR with its natural substrates describes how an enzyme can enforce a strictly ordered ternary complex mechanism and serves as a template for identification of the reaction intermediates.« less

Latin America Report No. 2689.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-09

Cooperative of Santiago, Chile, reported today that it received a verbal order from the Chilean Government that no com- munications media is permitted to...by the govern- ment was given verbally to the communications media and that the official in charge of transmitting the order added that a written...Valparaiso and Radio Cooperative Vitalicia of Temuco which belong to Compania Chilena de Comunicacion S.A. have been re- stricted as of this Friday

Λ N → NN EFT potentials and hypertriton non-mesonic weak decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pérez-Obiol, Axel; Entem, David R.; Nogga, Andreas

2018-05-01

The potential for the Λ N → NN weak transition, the main responsible for the non-mesonic weak decay of hypernuclei, has been developed within the framework of effective field theory (EFT) up to next-to-leading order (NLO). The leading order (LO) and NLO contributions have been calculated in both momentum and coordinate space, and have been organised into the different operators which mediate the N → NN transition. We compare the ranges of the one-meson and two-pion exchanges for each operator. The non-mesonic weak decay of the hypertriton has been computed within the plane-wave approximation using the LO weak potential and modern strong EFT NN potentials. Formally, two methods to calculate the final state interactions among the decay products are presented. We briefly comment on the calculation of the {}{{Λ }}{}3H{\\to }3 He+{π }- mesonic weak decay.

Ancestral assumptions and the clinical uncertainty of evolutionary medicine.

PubMed

Cournoyea, Michael

2013-01-01

Evolutionary medicine is an emerging field of medical studies that uses evolutionary theory to explain the ultimate causes of health and disease. Educational tools, online courses, and medical school modules are being developed to help clinicians and students reconceptualize health and illness in light of our evolutionary past. Yet clinical guidelines based on our ancient life histories are epistemically weak, relying on the controversial assumptions of adaptationism and advocating a strictly biophysical account of health. To fulfill the interventionist goals of clinical practice, it seems that proximate explanations are all we need to develop successful diagnostic and therapeutic guidelines. Considering these epistemic concerns, this article argues that the clinical relevance of evolutionary medicine remains uncertain at best.

Decompression sickness in a vegetarian diver: are vegetarian divers at risk? A case report.

PubMed

van Hulst, Robert A; van der Kamp, Wim

2010-01-01

We present a case of a diver who suffered decompression sickness (DCS), but who also was a strict vegetarian for more than 10 years. He presented with symptoms of tingling of both feet and left hand, weakness in both legs and sensory deficits for vibration and propriocepsis after two deep dives with decompression. The initial clinical features of this case were most consistent with DCS, possibly because of a vulnerable spinal cord due to cobalamin deficiency neuropathy. This case illustrates the similarities between DCS and a clinically defined vitamin B12 deficiency. The pathophysiology of vitamin B12 deficiency and common pathology and symptoms of DCS are reviewed.

Rethinking the Postgraduate Teaching Program and Examinations in Today's India.

PubMed

Abraham, Georgi; George, Tarun K

2015-07-01

Postgraduate medical education has undergone drastic changes in the developed and developing countries on par with advancements in technology. The Indian examination system which we imbibed from the British requires a rethinking and restructuring to keep pace with the changing trends shown by the Federation of the Royal Colleges of UK. In this manuscript we look at the strengths and weaknesses of different examination systems. We suggest changes in the theory examination which should be objectively based rather than the outdated essay and short notes. We discuss positive and proactive changes to reform our clinical examination system to enable a just and fair assessment of the candidate in a strictly time bound fashion.

Analysis of weak interactions and Eotvos experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hsu, J. P.

1978-01-01

The intermediate-vector-boson model is preferred over the current-current model as a basis for calculating effects due to weak self-energy. Attention is given to a possible violation of the equivalence principle by weak-interaction effects, and it is noted that effects due to weak self-energy are at least an order of magnitude greater than those due to the weak binding energy for typical nuclei. It is assumed that the weak and electromagnetic energies are independent.

Testing quantum gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansson, Johan; Francois, Stephane

The search for a theory of quantum gravity is the most fundamental problem in all of theoretical physics, but there are as yet no experimental results at all to guide this endeavor. What seems to be needed is a pragmatic way to test if gravitation really occurs between quantum objects or not. In this paper, we suggest such a potential way out of this deadlock, utilizing macroscopic quantum systems; superfluid helium, gaseous Bose-Einstein condensates and “macroscopic” molecules. It turns out that true quantum gravity effects — here defined as observable gravitational interactions between truly quantum objects — could and should be seen (if they occur in nature) using existing technology. A falsification of the low-energy limit in the accessible weak-field regime would also falsify the full theory of quantum gravity, making it enter the realm of testable, potentially falsifiable theories, i.e. becoming real physics after almost a century of pure theorizing. If weak-field gravity between quantum objects is shown to be absent (in the regime where the approximation should apply), we know that gravity then is a strictly classical phenomenon absent at the quantum level.

Profiling USGA putting greens using GPR - an as-built surveying method

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Golf course greens that are constructed to U.S. Golf Association (USGA) standards must adhere to strict installation specifications in order to maintain proper subsurface drainage. Because the infrastructure is buried, it can be difficult to ascertain if these drainage pipes were properly installed...

Beyond Administration in Dormitory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miura, Kazuhisa; Inada, Tomomi; Nomura, Kensaku; Yokotani, Masaaki; Kubota, Tetsuya; Akagi, Tetsuya

2005-01-01

Purpose: Aims to offer some ways of improving and developing the residents in the dormitory of Tsuyama National College of Technology, Tsuyama, Japan. Design/methodology/approach: Describes how in order to calm the dormitory atmosphere, strict regulations had been adopted since the foundation times for the college, which sometimes led to…

32 CFR 701.115 - Protected personal information (PPI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... address, home telephone number, etc., must be strictly limited to individuals with an official need to know. It is inappropriate to use PPI in group/bulk orders. Activities must take action to protect PPI.... (c) Collection/maintenance. The collection and maintenance of information retrieved by an individual...

32 CFR 701.115 - Protected personal information (PPI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... address, home telephone number, etc., must be strictly limited to individuals with an official need to know. It is inappropriate to use PPI in group/bulk orders. Activities must take action to protect PPI.... (c) Collection/maintenance. The collection and maintenance of information retrieved by an individual...

32 CFR 701.115 - Protected personal information (PPI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... address, home telephone number, etc., must be strictly limited to individuals with an official need to know. It is inappropriate to use PPI in group/bulk orders. Activities must take action to protect PPI.... (c) Collection/maintenance. The collection and maintenance of information retrieved by an individual...

32 CFR 701.115 - Protected personal information (PPI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... address, home telephone number, etc., must be strictly limited to individuals with an official need to know. It is inappropriate to use PPI in group/bulk orders. Activities must take action to protect PPI.... (c) Collection/maintenance. The collection and maintenance of information retrieved by an individual...

32 CFR 701.115 - Protected personal information (PPI).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... address, home telephone number, etc., must be strictly limited to individuals with an official need to know. It is inappropriate to use PPI in group/bulk orders. Activities must take action to protect PPI.... (c) Collection/maintenance. The collection and maintenance of information retrieved by an individual...

The lowest-order weak Galerkin finite element method for the Darcy equation on quadrilateral and hybrid meshes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jiangguo; Tavener, Simon; Wang, Zhuoran

2018-04-01

This paper investigates the lowest-order weak Galerkin finite element method for solving the Darcy equation on quadrilateral and hybrid meshes consisting of quadrilaterals and triangles. In this approach, the pressure is approximated by constants in element interiors and on edges. The discrete weak gradients of these constant basis functions are specified in local Raviart-Thomas spaces, specifically RT0 for triangles and unmapped RT[0] for quadrilaterals. These discrete weak gradients are used to approximate the classical gradient when solving the Darcy equation. The method produces continuous normal fluxes and is locally mass-conservative, regardless of mesh quality, and has optimal order convergence in pressure, velocity, and normal flux, when the quadrilaterals are asymptotically parallelograms. Implementation is straightforward and results in symmetric positive-definite discrete linear systems. We present numerical experiments and comparisons with other existing methods.

Static and dynamic dielectric properties of strongly polar liquids in the vicinity of first order and weakly first order phase transitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jadżyn, Jan; Czechowski, Grzegorz; Legrand, Christian; Douali, Redouane

2003-04-01

The paper presents the results of measurements of the linear dielectric properties of the compounds from the homologous series of alkylcyanobiphenyls (CnH2n+1PhPhCN, nCB) in the vicinity of the first order transition (from the isotropic liquid to the crystalline phase) of nonmesogenic nCB’s (n=2 4) and the weakly first order transition (from the isotropic liquid to the nematic phase) of 5CB. The experimental method for the separation of the critical part of the static permittivity derivative and the activation energy for rotation of the mesogenic molecules, in the vicinity of weakly first order phase transition, is proposed. It is shown that the critical temperature dependence of the permittivity and the activation energy can be described with a function of (T-T*)-α type, with the same values of the temperature of virtual transition of the second order (T*) and the critical exponent (α).

Technology and Your Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughan, Jerry L.

The emergence of a technology-based global society is effecting tremendous changes in the economic and political world order. If our society is going to respond successfully to these changes, it must recognize the philosophic as well as strictly scientific implications of technological growth. We are entering a new era for amplifying the human…

Aspects of the Internal Structure of Nominalization: Roots, Morphology and Derivation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Punske, Jeffrey

2012-01-01

This dissertation uses syntactic, semantic and morphological evidence from English nominalization to probe the interaction of event-structure and syntax, develop a typology of structural complexity within nominalization, and test hypotheses about the strict ordering of functional items. I focus on the widely assumed typology of nominalization…

Iteration, Not Induction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dobbs, David E.

2009-01-01

The main purpose of this note is to present and justify proof via iteration as an intuitive, creative and empowering method that is often available and preferable as an alternative to proofs via either mathematical induction or the well-ordering principle. The method of iteration depends only on the fact that any strictly decreasing sequence of…

Weak homology of elliptical galaxies.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bertin, G.; Ciotti, L.; Del Principe, M.

2002-04-01

Studies of the Fundamental Plane of early-type galaxies, from small to intermediate redshifts, are generally carried out under the guiding principle that the Fundamental Plane reflects the existence of an underlying mass-luminosity relation for such galaxies, in a scenario where galaxies are homologous systems in dynamical equilibrium. In this paper we re-examine the question of whether a systematic non-homology could be partly responsible for the correlations that define the Fundamental Plane. We start by studying a small set of objects characterized by photometric profiles that have been pointed out to deviate significantly from the standard R1/4 law. For these objects we confirm that a generic R1/n law, with n a free parameter, can provide superior fits (the best-fit value of n can be lower than 2.5 or higher than 10), better than those that can be obtained by a pure R1/4 law, by an R1/4 + exponential model, and by other dynamically justified self-consistent models. Therefore, strictly speaking, elliptical galaxies should not be considered homologous dynamical systems. Still, a case for weak homology, useful for the interpretation of the Fundamental Plane, could be made if the best-fit parameter n, as often reported, correlates with galaxy luminosity L, provided the underlying dynamical structure also follows a systematic trend with luminosity. We demonstrate that this statement may be true even in the presence of significant scatter in the correlation n(L). Preliminary indications provided by a set of ``data points" associated with a sample of 14 galaxies suggest that neither the strict homology nor the constant stellar mass-to-light solution are a satisfactory explanation of the observed Fundamental Plane. These conclusions await further extensions and clarifications, because the class of low-luminosity early-type galaxies, which contribute significantly to the Fundamental Plane, falls outside the simple dynamical framework considered here and because dynamical considerations should be supplemented with other important constraints derived from the evolution of stellar populations.

Ontogenetic diet shifts and their incidence on ecological processes: a case study using two morphologically similar stoneflies (Plecoptera)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Céréghino, Régis

2006-07-01

Most ecological studies consider conspecific individuals as ecologically equivalent, assuming that inter-instar variation is weak and has a limited influence on functional processes. To test this assumption, we investigated the life history and trophic basis of production in two predatory stoneflies, Perlodes microcephalus and Isoperla acicularis, in a mountain stream. The variety of prey types increased with predator size. However, larvae started their development with a strictly phytophagous diet (3 months), then ingested both vegetal material and animal prey (2-3 months). Finally, larvae were strictly carnivorous when head width reached 1.1 mm. Young (herbivorous) I. acicularis larvae occurred from June to August. Young P. microcephalus larvae hatched in October, and were herbivorous until December, when I. acicularis larvae were omnivorous. Competition for animal prey was likely to occur in the spring, but P. microcephalus grew faster and emerged earlier. The cohort productions were mostly based on carnivory (78.7-90.7%), because most production occurred in later instars. Ontogenetic diet shifts could play a role in the structuring of species assemblages by adjusting species' requirements to the temporal dynamics of environmental conditions, including food availability and biotic interactions. However, their incidence on global processes is quantitatively limited, large individuals having the greatest impacts on the way energy flows.

[Coalition tactics of the weaks in the power struggle].

PubMed

Yamaguchi, H

1991-02-01

This study was intended to investigate the coalition tactics of the weaks under the situation where four players in the power relationship such as "A greater than B = C = D, A less than (B + C + D)" struggled for new resources of power. Subjects were 128 male undergraduates divided into 32 groups of four members each. The experimental design was 2 (determinants of power strength; resource size or rank order) x 2 (range of power distance between the strong and the weaks; large or small). As the result, it was revealed that the weaks preferred revolutional coalition "BCD" under the condition where the resource size determined the power strength, while preferred getting-ahead coalition "AB, AC, AD" under the condition where the rank order determined, and that expansion of power distance reinforced such tendency of the weaks. It was also shown, however, that the weaks did not always form the coalitions as they had hoped before bargaining. In conclusion, the necessity to examine the characteristics of the weaks' mentalities and behaviors in coalition bargaining was suggested.

Boundary and Interface Conditions for High Order Finite Difference Methods Applied to the Euler and Navier-Strokes Equations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nordstrom, Jan; Carpenter, Mark H.

1998-01-01

Boundary and interface conditions for high order finite difference methods applied to the constant coefficient Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are derived. The boundary conditions lead to strict and strong stability. The interface conditions are stable and conservative even if the finite difference operators and mesh sizes vary from domain to domain. Numerical experiments show that the new conditions also lead to good results for the corresponding nonlinear problems.

Synthetic magnetism for photon fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Westerberg, N.; Maitland, C.; Faccio, D.; Wilson, K.; Öhberg, P.; Wright, E. M.

2016-08-01

We develop a theory of artificial gauge fields in photon fluids for the cases of both second-order and third-order optical nonlinearities. This applies to weak excitations in the presence of pump fields carrying orbital angular momentum and is thus a type of Bogoliubov theory. The resulting artificial gauge fields experienced by the weak excitations are an interesting generalization of previous cases and reflect the PT-symmetry properties of the underlying non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. We illustrate the observable consequences of the resulting synthetic magnetic fields for examples involving both second-order and third-order nonlinearities.

Weak periodic solutions of xẍ + 1 = 0 and the Harmonic Balance Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García-Saldaña, J. D.; Gasull, A.

2017-02-01

We prove that the differential equation xẍ + 1 = 0 has continuous weak periodic solutions and compute their periods. Then, we use the Harmonic Balance Method until order six to approximate these periods and to illustrate how the accuracy of the method increases with the order. Our computations rely on the Gröbner basis approach.

Dwarf novae

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ladous, Constanze

1993-01-01

Dwarf novae are defined on grounds of their semi-regular brightness variations of some two to five magnitudes on time scales of typically 10 to 100 days. Historically several different classification schemes have been used. Today, dwarf novae are divided into three sub-classes: the U Geminorum stars, the SU Ursae Majoris stars, and the Z Camelopardalis stars. Outbursts of dwarf novae occur at semi-periodic intervals of time, typically every 10 to 100 days; amplitudes range from typically 2 to 5 mag. Within certain limits values are characteristic for each object. Relations between the outburst amplitude, or the total energy released during outburst, and the recurrence time have been found, as well as relations between the orbital period and the outburst decay time, the absolute magnitude during outburst maximum, and the widths of long and short outbursts, respectively. Some dwarf novae are known to have suspended their normal outburst activity altogether for a while. They later resumed it without having undergone any observable changes. The optical colors of dwarf novae all are quite similar during outburst, considerably bluer than during the quiescent state. During the outburst cycle, characteristic loops in the two color diagram are performed. At a time resolution on the order of minutes, strictly periodic photometric changes due to orbital motion become visible in the light curves of dwarf novae. These are characteristic for each system. Remarkably little is known about orbital variations during the course of an outburst. On time-scales of minutes and seconds, further more or less periodic types of variability are seen in dwarf novae. Appreciable flux is emitted by dwarf novae at all wavelengths from the X-rays to the longest IR wavelengths, and in some cases even in the radio. Most dwarf novae exhibit strong emission line spectra in the optical and UV during quiescence, although some have only very weak emissions in the optical and/or weak absorptions at UV wavelengths.

Variation in the diversity-productivity relationship in young forests of the eastern United States.

PubMed

Ojha, Santosh; Dimov, Luben

2017-01-01

The diversity-productivity relationship has not been studied as extensively in forests as in other ecosystems. We address this gap in our knowledge by examining the relationship of productivity (primarily the periodic annual increment in aboveground biomass, but also the mean annual increment) with five species diversity indices, stand, and environmental factors. We used 967 naturally regenerated Forest Inventory and Analysis plots with stand age ≤30 years, located in the conterminous thirty-one eastern states, and satisfying strict selection requirements. Generally, mixed-species (heterospecific) stands were as productive as or even somewhat more productive than pure (monospecific) stands. The periodic and mean annual increments were both positively correlated with species richness (R2 = 0.04 and 0.20, p<0.001). Similarly, the zero-order and partial correlations with productivity were positive for four of the diversity indices (species richness, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic species richness) and not significant for the fifth (functional dispersion). Greater diversity was more important on low-productivity sites and in stands with low stocking. As forests generally get more diverse and productive away from the poles, we tested if the nature of the productivity-diversity relationship changed latitudinally. Productivity was weakly positively correlated with four of the diversity indices north of 40° latitude, but weakly negatively with three of the indices to the south. Our examination of the productivity-diversity relationship in stands containing either of the two most dominant species, quaking aspen or loblolly pine, revealed that pure loblolly pine stands were somewhat more productive than only three of the eight mixtures with loblolly in the composition, while pure aspen stands were no more productive than any of the aspen mixtures. Overall, monospecific stands did not seem to have a clear productivity advantage over mixtures. The findings of this study have implications for woody biomass production, carbon sequestration by forests, and biodiversity conservation.

Development of a Single Station 6C-Approach for Array Analysis and Microzonation: Using Vertical Rotation Rate to Estimate Love-Wave Disperion Curves and Direction Finding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wassermann, J. M.; Wietek, A.; Hadziioannou, C.; Igel, H.

2014-12-01

Microzonation, i.e. the estimation of (shear) wave velocity profiles of the upper few 100m in dense 2D surface grids is one of the key methods to understand the variation in seismic hazard caused by ground shaking events. In this presentation we introduce a novel method for estimating the Love-wave phase velocity dispersion by using ambient noise recordings. We use the vertical component of rotational motions inherently present in ambient noise and the well established relation to simultaneous recordings of transverse acceleration. In this relation the frequency dependent phase velocity of a plane SH (or Love)-type wave acts as a proportionality factor between the anti-correlated amplitudes of both measures. In a first step we used synthetic data sets with increasing complexity to evaluate the proposed technique and the developed algorithm to extract the direction and amplitude of the incoming ambient noise wavefield measured at a single site. Since reliable weak rotational motion sensors are not yet readily available, we apply array derived rotation measurements in order to test our method. We next use the technique to analyze different real data sets of ambient noise measurements as well as seismic recordings at active volcanoes and compare these results with findings of the Spatial AutoCorrelation technique which was applied to the same data set. We demonstrate that the newly developed technique shows comparable results to more classical, strictly array based methods. Furthermore, we show that as soon as portable weak motion rotational motion sensors are available, a single 6C-station approach will be feasible, not only for microzonation but also for general array applications, with performance comparable to more classical techniques. An important advantage, especially in urban environments, is that with this approach, the number of seismic stations needed is drastically reduced.

Variation in the diversity-productivity relationship in young forests of the eastern United States

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The diversity–productivity relationship has not been studied as extensively in forests as in other ecosystems. We address this gap in our knowledge by examining the relationship of productivity (primarily the periodic annual increment in aboveground biomass, but also the mean annual increment) with five species diversity indices, stand, and environmental factors. We used 967 naturally regenerated Forest Inventory and Analysis plots with stand age ≤30 years, located in the conterminous thirty-one eastern states, and satisfying strict selection requirements. Generally, mixed-species (heterospecific) stands were as productive as or even somewhat more productive than pure (monospecific) stands. The periodic and mean annual increments were both positively correlated with species richness (R2 = 0.04 and 0.20, p<0.001). Similarly, the zero-order and partial correlations with productivity were positive for four of the diversity indices (species richness, functional diversity, phylogenetic diversity, and phylogenetic species richness) and not significant for the fifth (functional dispersion). Greater diversity was more important on low-productivity sites and in stands with low stocking. As forests generally get more diverse and productive away from the poles, we tested if the nature of the productivity-diversity relationship changed latitudinally. Productivity was weakly positively correlated with four of the diversity indices north of 40° latitude, but weakly negatively with three of the indices to the south. Our examination of the productivity–diversity relationship in stands containing either of the two most dominant species, quaking aspen or loblolly pine, revealed that pure loblolly pine stands were somewhat more productive than only three of the eight mixtures with loblolly in the composition, while pure aspen stands were no more productive than any of the aspen mixtures. Overall, monospecific stands did not seem to have a clear productivity advantage over mixtures. The findings of this study have implications for woody biomass production, carbon sequestration by forests, and biodiversity conservation. PMID:29140999

Role of Weak Measurements on States Ordering and Monogamy of Quantum Correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Ming-Liang; Fan, Heng; Tian, Dong-Ping

2015-01-01

The information-theoretic definition of quantum correlation, e.g., quantum discord, is measurement dependent. By considering the more general quantum measurements, weak measurements, which include the projective measurement as a limiting case, we show that while weak measurements can enable one to capture more quantumness of correlation in a state, it can also induce other counterintuitive quantum effects. Specifically, we show that the general measurements with different strengths can impose different orderings for quantum correlations of some states. It can also modify the monogamous character for certain classes of states as well which may diminish the usefulness of quantum correlation as a resource in some protocols. In this sense, we say that the weak measurements play a dual role in defining quantum correlation.

Simplified ISCCP cloud regimes for evaluating cloudiness in CMIP5 models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Daeho; Oreopoulos, Lazaros; Lee, Dongmin

2017-01-01

We take advantage of ISCCP simulator data available for many models that participated in CMIP5, in order to introduce a framework for comparing model cloud output with corresponding ISCCP observations based on the cloud regime (CR) concept. Simplified global CRs are employed derived from the co-variations of three variables, namely cloud optical thickness, cloud top pressure and cloud fraction ( τ, p c , CF). Following evaluation criteria established in a companion paper of ours (Jin et al. 2016), we assess model cloud simulation performance based on how well the simplified CRs are simulated in terms of similarity of centroids, global values and map correlations of relative-frequency-of-occurrence, and long-term total cloud amounts. Mirroring prior results, modeled clouds tend to be too optically thick and not as extensive as in observations. CRs with high-altitude clouds from storm activity are not as well simulated here compared to the previous study, but other regimes containing near-overcast low clouds show improvement. Models that have performed well in the companion paper against CRs defined by joint τ- p c histograms distinguish themselves again here, but improvements for previously underperforming models are also seen. Averaging across models does not yield a drastically better picture, except for cloud geographical locations. Cloud evaluation with simplified regimes seems thus more forgiving than that using histogram-based CRs while still strict enough to reveal model weaknesses.

Is gerontology ready for accreditation?

PubMed

Haley, William E; Ferraro, Kenneth F; Montgomery, Rhonda J V

2012-01-01

The authors review widely accepted criteria for program accreditation and compare gerontology with well-established accredited fields including clinical psychology and social work. At present gerontology lacks many necessary elements for credible professional accreditation, including defined scope of practice, applied curriculum, faculty with applied professional credentials, and resources necessary to support professional credentialing review. Accreditation with weak requirements will be dismissed as "vanity" accreditation, and strict requirements will be impossible for many resource-poor programs to achieve, putting unaccredited programs at increased risk for elimination. Accreditation may be appropriate in the future, but it should be limited to professional or applied gerontology, perhaps for programs conferring bachelor's or master's degrees. Options other than accreditation to enhance professional skills and employability of gerontology graduates are discussed.

A rare association of celiac disease and aplastic anemia: case report of a child and review of literature.

PubMed

Badyal, Rama Kumari; Sachdeva, Man Updesh Singh; Varma, Neelam; Thapa, Babu Ram

2014-01-01

An association between severe aplastic anemia and other autoimmune diseases is rare and has been described in adults for eosinophilic fasciitis, thymomas, systemic lupus erythematosus, and thyroid disorders. Herein we report a patient with celiac disease who was not strictly following a gluten-free diet and presented with progressive pallor, fever, and weakness of 1 month's duration. On investigation, he had pancytopenia, which on subsequent evaluation revealed aplastic anemia. An association between aplastic anemia and celiac disease has rarely been reported. To the best of author's knowledge, only 1 pediatric case of celiac disease associated with aplastic anemia has been published. This is the second report to suggest such an association in children.

Effect of Conductor Expressivity on Ensemble Evaluations by Nonmusic Majors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Price, Harry E.; Mann, Alison; Morrison, Steven J.

2016-01-01

This study continues research that examines effects that conductors have on the assessment of ensemble performances. The current study used the same four recordings orders of two strict and two expressive examples by two conductors with a single repeated recording used in previous research, but the participants were not music majors. In addition…

75 FR 63874 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Order Granting Approval of a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-18

... future market trends or direction; rather, the Fund seeks to capture profits in these trends when and where they develop. The strategy is diversified across markets and timeframes with strict risk control..., commodity and currency markets, independent of market direction, by producing absolute returns with reduced...

75 FR 16079 - Report to Congress: Retrospective Versus Prospective Antidumping and Countervailing Duty Systems...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-31

... to the Department by April 23, 2010 in order to gain access to the building. For further information.... Such comments should be addressed to Ronald K. Lorentzen, Deputy Assistant Secretary for Import... request, are strictly voluntary. Dated: March 26, 2010. Ronald K. Lorentzen, Deputy Assistant Secretary...

REPRESENTATIONS OF WEAK AND STRONG INTEGRALS IN BANACH SPACES

PubMed Central

Brooks, James K.

1969-01-01

We establish a representation of the Gelfand-Pettis (weak) integral in terms of unconditionally convergent series. Moreover, absolute convergence of the series is a necessary and sufficient condition in order that the weak integral coincide with the Bochner integral. Two applications of the representation are given. The first is a simplified proof of the countable additivity and absolute continuity of the indefinite weak integral. The second application is to probability theory; we characterize the conditional expectation of a weakly integrable function. PMID:16591755

Higher-Order Containers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altenkirch, Thorsten; Levy, Paul; Staton, Sam

Containers are a semantic way to talk about strictly positive types. In previous work it was shown that containers are closed under various constructions including products, coproducts, initial algebras and terminal coalgebras. In the present paper we show that, surprisingly, the category of containers is cartesian closed, giving rise to a full cartesian closed subcategory of endofunctors. The result has interesting applications in generic programming and representation of higher order abstract syntax. We also show that the category of containers has finite limits, but it is not locally cartesian closed.

C-class functions with new approach on coincidence point results for generalized [Formula: see text]-weakly contractions in ordered b-metric spaces.

PubMed

Mustafa, Zead; Jaradat, Mohammed M M; Ansari, Arslan Hojat; Popović, Branislav Z; Jaradat, Husein M

2016-01-01

In this paper, by using the C-class functions and a new approach we present some coincidence point results for four mappings satisfying generalized [Formula: see text]-weakly contractive condition in the setting of ordered b-metric spaces. Also, an application and example are given to support our results.

Do positive schizotypal symptoms predict false perceptual experiences in nonclinical populations?

PubMed

Tsakanikos, Elias; Reed, Phil

2005-12-01

We examined whether positive schizotypy (i.e., reports of hallucinatory and delusional-like experiences) in nonclinical participants could predict false perceptual experiences during detection of fast-moving words beyond a possible response bias. The participants (N = 160) were assigned to one of two conditions: they were asked either to make presence/absence judgments (loose criterion) or to read aloud every detected word (strict criterion). Regression analysis showed that high levels of positive schizotypy predicted false alarms in the loose condition and false perceptions of words in the strict condition. The obtained effects were independent of detection accuracy, task order, impulsivity, and social desirability. We discuss the results in the context of information processing biases linked to the positive symptomatology of schizophrenia. Clinical and theoretical implications are also considered.

Weak Galerkin method for the Biot’s consolidation model

DOE PAGES

Hu, Xiaozhe; Mu, Lin; Ye, Xiu

2017-08-23

In this study, we develop a weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for the Biot’s consolidation model in the classical displacement–pressure two-field formulation. Weak Galerkin linear finite elements are used for both displacement and pressure approximations in spatial discretizations. Backward Euler scheme is used for temporal discretization in order to obtain an implicit fully discretized scheme. We study the well-posedness of the linear system at each time step and also derive the overall optimal-order convergence of the WG formulation. Such WG scheme is designed on general shape regular polytopal meshes and provides stable and oscillation-free approximation for the pressure withoutmore » special treatment. Lastlyl, numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed weak Galerkin finite element method.« less

Weak Galerkin method for the Biot’s consolidation model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Xiaozhe; Mu, Lin; Ye, Xiu

In this study, we develop a weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method for the Biot’s consolidation model in the classical displacement–pressure two-field formulation. Weak Galerkin linear finite elements are used for both displacement and pressure approximations in spatial discretizations. Backward Euler scheme is used for temporal discretization in order to obtain an implicit fully discretized scheme. We study the well-posedness of the linear system at each time step and also derive the overall optimal-order convergence of the WG formulation. Such WG scheme is designed on general shape regular polytopal meshes and provides stable and oscillation-free approximation for the pressure withoutmore » special treatment. Lastlyl, numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed weak Galerkin finite element method.« less

Nonthermal Supermassive Dark Matter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chung, Daniel J. H.; Kolb, Edward W.; Riotto, Antonio

1999-01-01

We discuss several cosmological production mechanisms for nonthermal supermassive dark matter and argue that dark matter may he elementary particles of mass much greater than the weak scale. Searches for dark matter should ma be limited to weakly interacting particles with mass of the order of the weak scale, but should extend into the supermassive range as well.

Accelerated anaerobic hydrolysis rates under a combination of intermittent aeration and anaerobic conditions.

PubMed

Jensen, T R; Lastra Milone, T; Petersen, G; Andersen, H R

2017-04-01

Anaerobic hydrolysis in activated return sludge was investigated in laboratory scale experiments to find if intermittent aeration would accelerate anaerobic hydrolysis rates compared to anaerobic hydrolysis rates under strict anaerobic conditions. The intermittent reactors were set up in a 240 h experiment with intermittent aeration (3 h:3 h) in a period of 24 h followed by a subsequent anaerobic period of 24 h in a cycle of 48 h which was repeated five times during the experiment. The anaerobic reactors were kept under strict anaerobic conditions in the same period (240 h). Two methods for calculating hydrolysis rates based on soluble chemical oxygen demand were compared. Two-way analysis of variance with the Bonferroni post-test was performed in order to register any significant difference between reactors with intermittent aeration and strictly anaerobic conditions respectively. The experiment demonstrated a statistically significant difference in favor of the reactors with intermittent aeration showing a tendency towards accelerated anaerobic hydrolysis rates due to application of intermittent aeration. The conclusion of the work is thus that intermittent aeration applied in the activated return sludge process can improve the treatment capacity further in full scale applications.

Total pollen counts do not influence active surface measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moshammer, Hanns; Schinko, Herwig; Neuberger, Manfred

We investigated the temporal association of various aerosol parameters with pollen counts in the pollen season (April 2001) in Linz, Austria. We were especially interested in the relationship between active surface (or Fuchs' surface) because we had shown previously (Atmos. Environ. 37 (2003) 1737-1744) that this parameter during the same observation period was a better predictor for acute respiratory symptoms in school children (like wheezing, shortness of breath, and cough) and reduced lung function on the same day than particle mass (PM 10). While active surface is most sensitive for fine particles with a diameter of less than 100 nm it has no strict upper cut-off regarding particle size and so could eventually be influenced also by larger particles if their numbers were high. All particle mass parameters tested (TSP, PM 10, PM 1) were weakly ( r approximately 0.2) though significantly correlated with pollen counts but neither was active surface nor total particle counts (CPC). The weak association of particle mass and pollen counts was due mainly to similar diurnal variations and a linear trend over time. Only the mass of the coarse fraction (TSP minus PM 10) remained associated with pollen counts significantly after controlling for these general temporal patterns.

The Problem of the Pyramid or Egyptian Mathematics from a Postmodern Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shutler, Paul M. E.

2009-01-01

We consider Egyptian mathematics from a postmodern perspective, by which we mean suspending judgement as to strict correctness in order to appreciate the genuine mathematical insights which they did have in the context in which they were working. In particular we show that the skill which the Egyptians possessed of obtaining the general case from…

Riveting in metal airplane construction. Part IV : strength of riveted joints in duralumin (concluded)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pleines, Wilhelm

1930-01-01

Tests were made to determine the crushing strength of a riveted joint, in order to define the difference in crushing stregth between a strictly bolted joint and a riveted joint. The object was to tabulate the crushing strength by failure on various plate thicknesses for a one-rivet double-shear riveted joint.

Modern Greek Language: Acquisition of Morphology and Syntax by Non-Native Speakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andreou, Georgia; Karapetsas, Anargyros; Galantomos, Ioannis

2008-01-01

This study investigated the performance of native and non native speakers of Modern Greek language on morphology and syntax tasks. Non-native speakers of Greek whose native language was English, which is a language with strict word order and simple morphology, made more errors and answered more slowly than native speakers on morphology but not…

Strong and weak second-order topological insulators with hexagonal symmetry and ℤ3 index

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ezawa, Motohiko

2018-06-01

We propose second-order topological insulators (SOTIs) whose lattice structure has a hexagonal symmetry C6. We start with a three-dimensional weak topological insulator constructed on a stacked triangular lattice, which has only side topological surface states. We then introduce an additional mass term which gaps out the side surface states but preserves the hinge states. The resultant system is a three-dimensional SOTI. The bulk topological quantum number is shown to be the Z3 index protected by inversion time-reversal symmetry I T and rotoinversion symmetry I C6 . We obtain three phases: trivial, strong, and weak SOTI phases. We argue the origin of these two types of SOTIs. A hexagonal prism is a typical structure respecting these symmetries, where six topological hinge states emerge at the side. The building block is a hexagon in two dimensions, where topological corner states emerge at the six corners in the SOTI phase. Strong and weak SOTIs are obtained when the interlayer hopping interaction is strong and weak, respectively.

Characterisation of CFRP adhesive bonds by electromechanical impedance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malinowski, Pawel H.; Wandowski, Tomasz; Ostachowicz, Wieslaw M.

2014-03-01

In aircraft industry the Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) elements are joint using rivets and adhesive bonding. The reliability of the bonding limits the use of adhesive bonding for primary aircraft structures, therefore it is important to assess the bond quality. The performance of adhesive bonds depends on the physico-chemical properties of the adhered surfaces. The contamination leading to weak bonds may have various origin and be caused by moisture, release agent, hydraulic fluid, fuel, poor curing of adhesive and so on. In this research three different causes of possible weak bonds were selected for the investigation: 1. Weak bond due to release agent contamination, 2. Weak bond due to moisture contamination, 3. Weak bond due to poor curing of the adhesive. In order to assess the bond quality electromechanical impedance (EMI) technique was selected and investigation was focused on the influence of bond quality on electrical impedance of piezoelectric transducer. The piezoelectric transducer was mounted at the middle of each sample surface. Measurements were conducted using HIOKI Impedance Analyzer IM3570. Using the impedance analyzer the electrical parameters were measured for wide frequency band. Due to piezoelectric effect the electrical response of a piezoelectric transducer is related to mechanical response of the sample to which the transducers is attached. The impedance spectra were investigated in order to find indication of the weak bonds. These spectra were compared with measurements for reference sample using indexes proposed in order to assess the bond quality.

Magnetostructural coupling behavior at the ferromagnetic transition in double-perovskite S r2FeMo O6

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Dexin; Harrison, Richard J.; Schiemer, Jason A.; Lampronti, Giulio I.; Liu, Xueyin; Zhang, Fenghua; Ding, Hao; Liu, Yan'gai; Carpenter, Michael A.

2016-01-01

The ordered double-perovskite S r2FeMo O6 (SFMO) possesses remarkable room-temperature low-field colossal magnetoresistivity and transport properties which are related, at least in part, to combined structural and magnetic instabilities that are responsible for a cubic-tetragonal phase transition near 420 K. A formal strain analysis combined with measurements of elastic properties from resonant ultrasound spectroscopy reveal a system with weak biquadratic coupling between two order parameters belonging to Γ4+ and m Γ4+ of parent space group F m 3 ¯m . The observed softening of the shear modulus by ˜50% is due to the classical effects of strain/order parameter coupling at an improper ferroelastic (Γ4+) transition which is second order in character, while the ferromagnetic order parameter (m Γ4+ ) couples only with volume strain. The influence of a third order parameter, for ordering of Fe and Mo on crystallographic B sites, is to change the strength of coupling between the Γ4+ order parameter and the tetragonal shear strain due to the influence of changes in local strain heterogeneity at a unit cell scale. High anelastic loss below the transition point reveals the presence of mobile ferroelastic twin walls which become pinned by oxygen vacancies in a temperature interval near 340 K. The twin walls must be both ferroelastic and ferromagnetic, but due to the weak coupling between the magnetic and structural order parameters it should be possible to pull them apart with a weak magnetic field. These insights into the role of strain coupling and relaxational effects in a system with only weak coupling between three order parameters allow rationalization and prediction of how static and dynamic properties of the material might be tuned in thin film form by choice of strain contrast with a substrate.

Interpolation of hard and soft dilepton rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghisoiu, I.; Laine, M.

2014-10-01

Strict next-to-leading order (NLO) results for the dilepton production rate from a QCD plasma at temperatures above a few hundred MeV suffer from a breakdown of the loop expansion in the regime of soft invariant masses M 2 ≪ ( πT)2. In this regime an LPM resummation is needed for obtaining the correct leading-order result. We show how to construct an interpolation between the hard NLO and the leading-order LPM expression, which is theoretically consistent in both regimes and free from double counting. The final numerical results are presented in a tabulated form, suitable for insertion into hydrodynamical codes.

Nuclear Physics Around the Unitarity Limit.

PubMed

König, Sebastian; Grießhammer, Harald W; Hammer, H-W; van Kolck, U

2017-05-19

We argue that many features of the structure of nuclei emerge from a strictly perturbative expansion around the unitarity limit, where the two-nucleon S waves have bound states at zero energy. In this limit, the gross features of states in the nuclear chart are correlated to only one dimensionful parameter, which is related to the breaking of scale invariance to a discrete scaling symmetry and set by the triton binding energy. Observables are moved to their physical values by small perturbative corrections, much like in descriptions of the fine structure of atomic spectra. We provide evidence in favor of the conjecture that light, and possibly heavier, nuclei are bound weakly enough to be insensitive to the details of the interactions but strongly enough to be insensitive to the exact size of the two-nucleon system.

7 CFR 28.441 - Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. 28.441 Section... Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color is color which is deeper than that of Strict Middling Tinged Color. [57 FR 34498, Aug. 5, 1992] ...

7 CFR 28.441 - Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. 28.441 Section... Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color is color which is deeper than that of Strict Middling Tinged Color. [57 FR 34498, Aug. 5, 1992] ...

7 CFR 28.441 - Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. 28.441 Section... Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color is color which is deeper than that of Strict Middling Tinged Color. [57 FR 34498, Aug. 5, 1992] ...

7 CFR 28.441 - Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. 28.441 Section... Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color is color which is deeper than that of Strict Middling Tinged Color. [57 FR 34498, Aug. 5, 1992] ...

7 CFR 28.441 - Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. 28.441 Section... Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color. Strict Middling Yellow Stained Color is color which is deeper than that of Strict Middling Tinged Color. [57 FR 34498, Aug. 5, 1992] ...

7 CFR 28.412 - Strict Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.412 Section 28... Light Spotted Color. Strict Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or color, or both, is between Strict Middling Color and Strict Middling Spotted Color. ...

Conservative treatment of boundary interfaces for overlaid grids and multi-level grid adaptations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moon, Young J.; Liou, Meng-Sing

1989-01-01

Conservative algorithms for boundary interfaces of overlaid grids are presented. The basic method is zeroth order, and is extended to a higher order method using interpolation and subcell decomposition. The present method, strictly based on a conservative constraint, is tested with overlaid grids for various applications of unsteady and steady supersonic inviscid flows with strong shock waves. The algorithm is also applied to a multi-level grid adaptation in which the next level finer grid is overlaid on the coarse base grid with an arbitrary orientation.

Public healthcare interests require strict competition enforcement.

PubMed

Loozen, Edith M H

2015-07-01

Several countries have introduced competition in their health systems in order to maintain the supply of high quality health care in a cost-effective manner. The introduction of competition triggers competition enforcement. Since healthcare is characterized by specific market failures, many favor healthcare-specific competition enforcement in order not only to account for the competition interest, but also for the healthcare interests. The question is whether healthcare systems based on competition can succeed when competition enforcement deviates from standard practice. This paper analyzes whether healthcare-specific competition enforcement is theoretically sound and practically effective. This is exemplified by the Dutch system that is based on regulated competition and thus crucially depends on getting competition enforcement right. Governments are responsible for correcting market failures. Markets are responsible for maximizing the public healthcare interests. By securing sufficient competitive pressure, competition enforcement makes sure they do. When interpreted according to welfare-economics, competition law takes into account both costs and benefits specific market behavior may have for healthcare. Competition agencies and judiciary are not legitimized to deviate from standard evidentiary requirements. Dutch case law shows that healthcare-specific enforcement favors the healthcare undertakings concerned, but to the detriment of public health care. Healthcare-specific competition enforcement is conceptually flawed and counterproductive. In order for healthcare systems based on competition to succeed, competition enforcement should be strict. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Weak mixing below the weak scale in dark-matter direct detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brod, Joachim; Grinstein, Benjamin; Stamou, Emmanuel; Zupan, Jure

2018-02-01

If dark matter couples predominantly to the axial-vector currents with heavy quarks, the leading contribution to dark-matter scattering on nuclei is either due to one-loop weak corrections or due to the heavy-quark axial charges of the nucleons. We calculate the effects of Higgs and weak gauge-boson exchanges for dark matter coupling to heavy-quark axial-vector currents in an effective theory below the weak scale. By explicit computation, we show that the leading-logarithmic QCD corrections are important, and thus resum them to all orders using the renormalization group.

Generalizing the TRAPRG and TRAPAX finite elements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hurwitz, M. M.

1983-01-01

The NASTRAN TRAPRG and TRAPAX finite elements are very restrictive as to shape and grid point numbering. The elements must be trapezoidal with two sides parallel to the radial axis. In addition, the ordering of the grid points on the element connection card must follow strict rules. The paper describes the generalization of these elements so that these restrictions no longer apply.

The MCNP-DSP code for calculations of time and frequency analysis parameters for subcritical systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Valentine, T.E.; Mihalczo, J.T.

1995-12-31

This paper describes a modified version of the MCNP code, the MCNP-DSP. Variance reduction features were disabled to have strictly analog particle tracking in order to follow fluctuating processes more accurately. Some of the neutron and photon physics routines were modified to better represent the production of particles. Other modifications are discussed.

Russian Higher Educational Institutions' Ability to Compete and the Strict Standards of "Hamburg Scoring"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plaksii, S.

2009-01-01

Russian universities rank poorly in international comparisons, and recent suggested reforms will not change this situation. There is an urgent need to find ways to improve the quality of Russia's higher education and to make it more appealing to scientists and to international students. In general, in order for the world to begin to appreciate and…

Higher order sensitivity of solutions to convex programming problems without strict complementarity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Malanowski, Kazimierz

1988-01-01

Consideration is given to a family of convex programming problems which depend on a vector parameter. It is shown that the solutions of the problems and the associated Lagrange multipliers are arbitrarily many times directionally differentiable functions of the parameter, provided that the data of the problems are sufficiently regular. The characterizations of the respective derivatives are given.

3-D conditional hyperbolic method of moments for high-fidelity Euler-Euler simulations of particle-laden flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patel, Ravi; Kong, Bo; Capecelatro, Jesse; Fox, Rodney; Desjardins, Olivier

2017-11-01

Particle-laden turbulent flows are important features of many environmental and industrial processes. Euler-Euler (EE) simulations of these flows are more computationally efficient than Euler-Lagrange (EL) simulations. However, traditional EE methods, such as the two-fluid model, cannot faithfully capture dilute regions of flow with finite Stokes number particles. For this purpose, the multi-valued nature of the particle velocity field must be treated with a polykinetic description. Various quadrature-based moment methods (QBMM) can be used to approximate the full kinetic description by solving for a set of moments of the particle velocity distribution function (VDF) and providing closures for the higher-order moments. Early QBMM fail to maintain the strict hyperbolicity of the kinetic equations, producing unphysical delta shocks (i.e., mass accumulation at a point). In previous work, a 2-D conditional hyperbolic quadrature method of moments (CHyQMOM) was proposed as a fourth-order QBMM closure that maintains strict hyperbolicity. Here, we present the 3-D extension of CHyQMOM. We compare results from CHyQMOM to other QBMM and EL in the context of particle trajectory crossing, cluster-induced turbulence, and particle-laden channel flow. NSF CBET-1437903.

Novel third-order Lovelock wormhole solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehdizadeh, Mohammad Reza; Lobo, Francisco S. N.

2016-06-01

In this work, we consider wormhole geometries in third-order Lovelock gravity and investigate the possibility that these solutions satisfy the energy conditions. In this framework, by applying a specific equation of state, we obtain exact wormhole solutions, and by imposing suitable values for the parameters of the theory, we find that these geometries satisfy the weak energy condition in the vicinity of the throat, due to the presence of higher-order curvature terms. Finally, we trace out a numerical analysis, by assuming a specific redshift function, and find asymptotically flat solutions that satisfy the weak energy condition throughout the spacetime.

Vector critical points and generalized quasi-efficient solutions in nonsmooth multi-objective programming.

PubMed

Wang, Zhen; Li, Ru; Yu, Guolin

2017-01-01

In this work, several extended approximately invex vector-valued functions of higher order involving a generalized Jacobian are introduced, and some examples are presented to illustrate their existences. The notions of higher-order (weak) quasi-efficiency with respect to a function are proposed for a multi-objective programming. Under the introduced generalization of higher-order approximate invexities assumptions, we prove that the solutions of generalized vector variational-like inequalities in terms of the generalized Jacobian are the generalized quasi-efficient solutions of nonsmooth multi-objective programming problems. Moreover, the equivalent conditions are presented, namely, a vector critical point is a weakly quasi-efficient solution of higher order with respect to a function.

Toward a Comprehensive Understanding of Executive Cognitive Function in Implicit Racial Bias

PubMed Central

Ito, Tiffany A.; Friedman, Naomi P.; Bartholow, Bruce D.; Correll, Joshua; Loersch, Chris; Altamirano, Lee J.; Miyake, Akira

2014-01-01

Although performance on laboratory-based implicit bias tasks often is interpreted strictly in terms of the strength of automatic associations, recent evidence suggests that such tasks are influenced by higher-order cognitive control processes, so-called executive functions (EFs). However, extant work in this area has been limited by failure to account for the unity and diversity of EFs, focus on only a single measure of bias and/or EF, and relatively small sample sizes. The current study sought to comprehensively model the relation between individual differences in EFs and the expression of racial bias in three commonly used laboratory measures. Participants (N=485) completed a battery of EF tasks (session 1) and three racial bias tasks (session 2), along with numerous individual difference questionnaires. The main findings were as follows: (1) measures of implicit bias were only weakly intercorrelated; (2) EF and estimates of automatic processes both predicted implicit bias and also interacted, such that the relation between automatic processes and bias expression was reduced at higher levels of EF; (3) specific facets of EF were differentially associated with overall task performance and controlled processing estimates across different bias tasks; (4) EF did not moderate associations between implicit and explicit measures of bias; and (5) external, but not internal, motivation to control prejudice depended on EF to reduce bias expression. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of global and specific EF abilities in determining expression of implicit racial bias. PMID:25603372

When does the gluon reggeize?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caron-Huot, Simon

2015-05-01

We propose the eikonal approximation as a simple and reliable tool to analyze relativistic high-energy processes, provided that the necessary subtleties are accounted for. An important subtlety is the need to include eikonal phases for a rapidity-dependent collection of particles, as embodied by the Balitsky-JIMWLK rapidity evolution equation. In the first part of this paper, we review how the phenomenon of gluon reggeization and the BFKL equations can be understood simply (but not too simply) in the eikonal approach. We also work out some previously overlooked implications of BFKL dynamics, including the observation that starting from four loops it is incompatible with a recent conjecture regarding the structure of infrared divergences. In the second part of this paper, we propose that in the strict planar limit the theory can be developed to all orders in the coupling with no reference at all to the concept of "reggeized gluon." Rather, one can work directly with a finite, process-dependent, number of Wilson lines. We demonstrate consistency of this proposal by an exact computation in N=4 super Yang-Mills, which shows that in processes mediated with two Wilson lines the reggeized gluon appears in the weak coupling limit as a resonance whose width is proportional to the coupling. We also provide a precise operator definition of Lipatov's integrable spin chain, which is manifestly integrable at any value of the coupling as a result of the duality between scattering amplitudes and Wilson loops in this theory.

Changing patterns in deforestation avoidance by different protection types in the Brazilian Amazon.

PubMed

Jusys, Tomas

2018-01-01

This study quantifies how much deforestation was avoided due to legal protection in Legal Amazon in strictly protected areas, sustainable use areas, and indigenous lands. Only regions that are protected de jure (i.e., where deforestation is avoided due to effective laws rather than remoteness) were considered, so that the potential of legal protection could be better assessed. This is a cross-sectional approach, which allows comparisons in terms of avoided deforestation among the different types of protection in the same period. This study covers three different periods. Regions protected de jure were sampled by estimating a threshold distance at which deforestation starts to diminish and retaining all pixels up to that distance, and deforestation that has been avoided due to legal protection was estimated by matching. Indigenous lands avoided the highest percentage of deforestation during the 2001-2004 and 2005-2008 periods, followed by those under strict protection and sustainable use areas, in respective order. Shifting patterns in deforestation avoidance are clearly noticeable for the 2009-2014 period when 1) strictly protected areas outperformed indigenous lands in terms of the percentage of saved forests, 2) some protected regions began to attract deforestation instead of avoiding it, and 3) sustainable use areas, on average, did not avoid deforestation.

Changing patterns in deforestation avoidance by different protection types in the Brazilian Amazon

PubMed Central

2018-01-01

This study quantifies how much deforestation was avoided due to legal protection in Legal Amazon in strictly protected areas, sustainable use areas, and indigenous lands. Only regions that are protected de jure (i.e., where deforestation is avoided due to effective laws rather than remoteness) were considered, so that the potential of legal protection could be better assessed. This is a cross-sectional approach, which allows comparisons in terms of avoided deforestation among the different types of protection in the same period. This study covers three different periods. Regions protected de jure were sampled by estimating a threshold distance at which deforestation starts to diminish and retaining all pixels up to that distance, and deforestation that has been avoided due to legal protection was estimated by matching. Indigenous lands avoided the highest percentage of deforestation during the 2001–2004 and 2005–2008 periods, followed by those under strict protection and sustainable use areas, in respective order. Shifting patterns in deforestation avoidance are clearly noticeable for the 2009–2014 period when 1) strictly protected areas outperformed indigenous lands in terms of the percentage of saved forests, 2) some protected regions began to attract deforestation instead of avoiding it, and 3) sustainable use areas, on average, did not avoid deforestation. PMID:29689071

p -wave superconductivity in weakly repulsive 2D Hubbard model with Zeeman splitting and weak Rashba spin-orbit coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hugdal, Henning G.; Sudbø, Asle

2018-01-01

We study the superconducting order in a two-dimensional square lattice Hubbard model with weak repulsive interactions, subject to a Zeeman field and weak Rashba spin-orbit interactions. Diagonalizing the noninteracting Hamiltonian leads to two separate bands, and by deriving an effective low-energy interaction we find the mean field gap equations for the superconducting order parameter on the bands. Solving the gap equations just below the critical temperature, we find that superconductivity is caused by Kohn-Luttinger-type interaction, while the pairing symmetry of the bands is indirectly affected by the spin-orbit coupling. The dominating attractive momentum channel of the Kohn-Luttinger term depends on the filling fraction n of the system, and it is therefore possible to change the momentum dependence of the order parameter by tuning n . Moreover, n also determines which band has the highest critical temperature. Rotating the magnetic field changes the momentum dependence from states that for small momenta reduce to a chiral px±i py type state for out-of-plane fields, to a nodal p -wave-type state for purely in-plane fields.

The impact of Sleep Time-Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) on sleep patterns and daytime functioning in American adolescents.

PubMed

Polos, Peter G; Bhat, Sushanth; Gupta, Divya; O'Malley, Richard J; DeBari, Vincent A; Upadhyay, Hinesh; Chaudhry, Saqib; Nimma, Anitha; Pinto-Zipp, Genevieve; Chokroverty, Sudhansu

2015-10-01

This cross-sectional study explored the extent and impact of mobile device-based Sleep Time-Related Information and Communication Technology (STRICT) use among American adolescents (N = 3139, 49.3% female, mean age = 13.3 years). Nearly 62% used STRICT after bedtime, 56.7% texted/tweeted/messaged in bed, and 20.8% awoke to texts. STRICT use was associated with insomnia, daytime sleepiness, eveningness, academic underperformance, later bedtimes and shorter sleep duration. Moderation analysis demonstrated that the association between STRICT use and insomnia increased with age, the association between STRICT use and daytime sleepiness decreased with age, and the association between STRICT use and shorter sleep duration decreased with age and was stronger in girls. Insomnia and daytime sleepiness partially mediated the relationship between STRICT use and academic underperformance. Our results illustrate the adverse interactions between adolescent STRICT use and sleep, with deleterious effects on daytime functioning. These worrisome findings suggest that placing reasonable limitations on adolescent STRICT use may be appropriate. Copyright © 2015 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Linearly resummed hydrodynamics in a weakly curved spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bu, Yanyan; Lublinsky, Michael

2015-04-01

We extend our study of all-order linearly resummed hydrodynamics in a flat space [1, 2] to fluids in weakly curved spaces. The underlying microscopic theory is a finite temperature super-Yang-Mills theory at strong coupling. The AdS/CFT correspondence relates black brane solutions of the Einstein gravity in asymptotically locally AdS5 geometry to relativistic conformal fluids in a weakly curved 4D background. To linear order in the amplitude of hydrodynamic variables and metric perturbations, the fluid's energy-momentum tensor is computed with derivatives of both the fluid velocity and background metric resummed to all orders. We extensively discuss the meaning of all order hydrodynamics by expressing it in terms of the memory function formalism, which is also suitable for practical simulations. In addition to two viscosity functions discussed at length in refs. [1, 2], we find four curvature induced structures coupled to the fluid via new transport coefficient functions. In ref. [3], the latter were referred to as gravitational susceptibilities of the fluid. We analytically compute these coefficients in the hydrodynamic limit, and then numerically up to large values of momenta.

Improvement on `structure of weakly 2-dependent siphons'

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chao, Daniel Y.

2015-01-01

Li and Zhou propose simpler Petri net controllers based on the concept of elementary siphons (generally much smaller than the set of all strict minimum siphons (SMSs) in large Petri nets) to minimise the addition of control places. SMSs can be divided into two groups: elementary and dependant; characteristic T-vectors of the latter are linear combinations of that of the former. A T-vector η is associated with each siphon S such that η(i) is the number of tokens gained in or lost from S by firing transition ti once. A dependent siphon S0 strongly depends on elementary siphons S1, S2, … , Sk if η0 = a1η1 + a2η2 + ṡṡṡ + akηk with all ai (i = 1, 2, 3, … , k) positive. S0 is a weakly dependent siphon if some ai is negative. The T-vectors (resp. number) for elementary siphons are mutually independent (linear to the size of the net). In an earlier paper, we show that there exists a third siphon S3 such that ηβ = η1 + η2 - η3. This equation (called η relationship) plays an important role for optimal control of weakly dependent siphons. However, it assumes that all above S span between exactly two processes. For a well-known benchmark, however, most dependent siphons span more than two processes. This paper improves by removing this restriction and shows that ηβ = η1 + η2 - η3 holds as long as S1∩S2 is another emptiable siphon.

Suburban queer: reading Grease.

PubMed

Borgstrom, Michael

2011-01-01

This article examines how nontraditional representations of gender can complicate received social norms, and it examines, in particular, how pre-adolescent suburban youth reconfigure social codes within popular film in order to identify positive queer aesthetics. While several studies have documented the function of classic and mainstream film in the tradition of queer reading, there has been comparatively less analysis devoted to the ways that filmic representations themselves might contribute to theoretical debates regarding sexual identity. As a case in point, this essay analyzes the 1978 musical Grease in order to suggest ways that critics might navigate between strict social constructionist and essentialist theories of sexual identity in order to identify avenues for queer identification within non-queer contexts.

Full characterization of modular values for finite-dimensional systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, Le Bin; Imoto, Nobuyuki

2016-06-01

Kedem and Vaidman obtained a relationship between the spin-operator modular value and its weak value for specific coupling strengths [14]. Here we give a general expression for the modular value in the n-dimensional Hilbert space using the weak values up to (n - 1)th order of an arbitrary observable for any coupling strength, assuming non-degenerated eigenvalues. For two-dimensional case, it shows a linear relationship between the weak value and the modular value. We also relate the modular value of the sum of observables to the weak value of their product.

The interaction between a propagating coastal vortex and topographic waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parry, Simon Wyn

This thesis investigates the motion of a point vortex near coastal topography in a rotating frame of reference at constant latitude (f-plane) in the linear and weakly nonlinear limits. Topography is considered in the form of an infinitely long escarpment running parallel to a wall. The vortex motion and topographic waves are governed by the conservation of quasi-geostrophic potential vorticity in shallow water, from which a nonlinear system of equations is derived. First the linear limit is studied for three cases; a weak vortex on- and off-shelf and a weak vortex close to the wall. For the first two cases it is shown that to leading order the vortex motion is stationary and a solution for the topographic waves at the escarpment can be found in terms of Fourier integrals. For a weak vortex close to a wall, the leading order solution is a steadily propagating vortex with a topographic wavetrain at the step. Numerical results for the higher order interactions are also presented and explained in terms of conservation of momentum in the along-shore direction. For the second case a resonant interaction between the vortex and the waves occurs when the vortex speed is equal to the maximum group velocity of the waves and the linear response becomes unbounded at large times. Thus it becomes necessary to examine the weakly nonlinear near-resonant case. Using a long wave approximation a nonlinear evolution equation for the interface separating the two regions of differing relative potential vorticity is derived and has similar form to the BDA (Benjamin, Davies, Acrivos 1967) equation. Results for the leading order steadily propagating vortex and for the vortex-wave feedback problem are calculated numerically using spectral multi-step Adams methods.

How Congruent Is a Strict Uniform Policy with Enhanced Academic Achievement and Self-Beliefs in Early Adolescence?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoskins, Jo A.

2014-01-01

This study focuses on the analysis of the impact of school uniforms on student self-esteem and self-efficacy. In the past, schools have implemented school uniform policies in order to help improve student achievement as well as strengthen discipline. However, previous research has indicated an association, which is tenuous at best, with regard to…

Applied metrology in the production of superconducting model magnets for particle accelerators

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ferradas Troitino, Jose; Bestmann, Patrick; Bourcey, Nicolas

2017-12-22

The production of superconducting magnets for particle accelerators involves high precision assemblies and tight tolerances, in order to achieve the requirements for their appropriate performance. It is therefore essential to have a strict control and traceability over the geometry of each component of the system, and also to be able to compensate possible inherent deviations coming from the production process.

Community of Infancy: Suspending the Sovereignty of the Teacher's Voice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jasinski, Igor; Lewis, Tyson E.

2016-01-01

While some argue that the only way to make a place for Philosophy for Children (P4C) in today's strict, standardised classroom is to measure its efficacy in promoting reasoning, we believe that this must be avoided in order to safeguard what is truly unique in P4C dialogue. When P4C acquiesces to the very same quantitative measures that define the…

Advanced thermal control technologies for space science missions at JPL

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Birur, G. C.; O'Donnell, T.

2000-01-01

A wide range of deep space science missions are planned by NASA for the future. Many of these missions are being planned under strict cost caps and advanced technologies are needed in order to enable these challenging mssions. Because of the wide range of thermal environments the spacecraft experience during the mission, advanced thermal control technologies are the key to enabling many of these missions.

Towards a unifying theory for the first-, second-, and third-order molecular (non)linear optical response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pérez-Moreno, Javier; Clays, Koen; Kuzyk, Mark G.

2010-05-01

We present a procedure for the modeling of the dispersion of the nonlinear optical response of complex molecular structures that is based strictly on the results from experimental characterization. We show how under some general conditions, the use of the Thomas-Kuhn sum-rules leads to a successful modeling of the nonlinear response of complex molecular structures.

[Tobacco smoking and psychiatric intensive care unit: Impact of the strict smoking ban on the risk of violence].

PubMed

Boumaza, S; Lebain, P; Brazo, P

2015-06-01

Tobacco smoking is the main cause of death among mentally ill persons. Since February 2007, smoking has been strictly forbidden in French covered and closed psychiatric wards. The fear of an increased violence risk induced by tobacco withdrawal is one of the most frequent arguments invoked against this tobacco ban. According to the literature, it seems that the implementation of this ban does not imply such a risk. All these studies compared inpatients' violence risk before and after the tobacco ban in a same psychiatric ward. We aimed to analyse the strict tobacco withdrawal consequences on the violence risk in a retrospective study including patients hospitalised in a psychiatric intensive care unit of the university hospital of Caen during the same period. We compared clinical and demographic data and the violence risk between the smoker group (strict tobacco withdrawal with proposed tobacco substitution) and the non-smoker group (control group). In order to evaluate the violence risk, we used three indicators: a standardised scale (the Bröset Violence Checklist) and two assessments specific to the psychiatric intensive care setting ("the preventing risk protocol" and the "seclusion time"). The clinical and demographic data were compared using the Khi2 test, Fisher test and Mann-Whitney test, and the three violence risk indicators were compared with the Mann-Whitney test. Firstly, comparisons were conducted in the total population, and secondly (in order to eliminate a bias of tobacco substitution) in the subgroup directly hospitalised in the psychiatric intensive care setting. Finally, we analysed in the smoker group the statistical correlation between tobacco smoking intensity and violence risk intensity using a regression test. A population of 72 patients (50 male) was included; 45 were smokers (62.5%) and 27 non-smokers. No statistically significant differences were found in clinical and demographic data between smoker and non-smoker groups in the whole population, as well as in the subgroup directly hospitalised in the psychiatric intensive care setting. Whatever the violence risk indicators, no statistically significant difference was found between the smoker group and the non-smoker group in the total population, as well as the subgroup directly hospitalised in the psychiatric intensive care setting. Moreover, no correlation was found between the tobacco smoking intensity and the violence risk intensity in the smoker group. Strict tobacco withdrawal does not appear to constitute a violence risk factor in psychiatric intensive care unit inpatients. However, further studies are needed to confirm these results. They should be prospective and they should take into account larger samples including patients hospitalised in non-intensive care psychiatric wards. Copyright © 2014 L’Encéphale, Paris. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Nuclear Physics Around the Unitarity Limit

DOE PAGES

König, Sebastian; Grießhammer, Harald W.; Hammer, H. -W.; ...

2017-05-15

We argue that many features of the structure of nuclei emerge from a strictly perturbative expansion around the unitarity limit, where the two-nucleon S waves have bound states at zero energy. In this limit, the gross features of states in the nuclear chart are correlated to only one dimensionful parameter, which is related to the breaking of scale invariance to a discrete scaling symmetry and set by the triton binding energy. Observables are moved to their physical values by small perturbative corrections, much like in descriptions of the fine structure of atomic spectra. We provide evidence in favor of themore » conjecture that light, and possibly heavier, nuclei are bound weakly enough to be insensitive to the details of the interactions but strongly enough to be insensitive to the exact size of the two-nucleon system.« less

On the Hardy Space Theory of Compensated Compactness Quantities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindberg, Sauli

2017-05-01

We make progress on a problem of Coifman et al. (J Math Pures Appl (9) 72(3): 247-286, 1993) by showing that the Jacobian operator J does not map {W^{1,n}(Rn, Rn) onto the Hardy space H1(Rn) for any {n ≥ 2}. The related question about the surjectivity of {J : dot{W}^{1,n}(Rn,Rn) to H1(Rn) is still open. The second main result and its variants reduce the proof of H1 regularity of a large class of compensated compactness quantities to an integration by parts or easy arithmetic, and applications are presented. Furthermore, we exhibit a class of nonlinear partial differential operators in which weak sequential continuity is a strictly stronger condition than H1 regularity, shedding light on another question of Coifman, Lions, Meyer and Semmes.

On an open question of V. Colao and G. Marino presented in the paper "Krasnoselskii-Mann method for non-self mappings".

PubMed

Guo, Meifang; Li, Xia; Su, Yongfu

2016-01-01

Let H be a Hilbert space and let C be a closed convex nonempty subset of H and [Formula: see text] a non-self nonexpansive mapping. A map [Formula: see text] defined by [Formula: see text]. Then, for a fixed [Formula: see text] and for [Formula: see text], Krasnoselskii-Mann algorithm is defined by [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text]. Recently, Colao and Marino (Fixed Point Theory Appl 2015:39, 2015) have proved both weak and strong convergence theorems when C is a strictly convex set and T is an inward mapping. Meanwhile, they proposed a open question for a countable family of non-self nonexpansive mappings. In this article, authors will give an answer and will prove the further generalized results with the examples to support them.

Trapping penguins with entangled B mesons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dadisman, Ryan; Gardner, Susan; Yan, Xinshuai

2016-01-08

Our first direct observation of time-reversal (T) violation in the BBsystem was reported by the BaBar Collaboration, employing the method of Bañuls and Bernabéu. Given this, we generalize their analysis of the time-dependent T-violating asymmetry (AT) to consider different choices of CP tags for which the dominant amplitudes have the same weak phase. As one application, we find that it is possible to measure departures from the universality of sin(2β)directly. If sin(2β)is universal, as in the Standard Model, the method permits the direct determination of penguin effects in these channels. This method, although no longer a strict test of T,more » can yield tests of the sin(2β)universality, or, alternatively, of penguin effects, of much improved precision even with existing data sets.« less

Next-to-leading order QCD corrections to W{sup +}W{sup +}jj and W{sup -}W{sup -}jj production via weak-boson fusion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jaeger, B.; Oleari, C.; Zeppenfeld, D.

2009-08-01

We present a next-to-leading order QCD calculation for e{sup +}{nu}{sub e}{mu}{sup +}{nu}{sub {mu}}jj and e{sup -}{nu}{sub e}{mu}{sup -}{nu}{sub {mu}}jj production via weak-boson fusion at a hadron collider in the form of a fully flexible parton-level Monte Carlo program, which allows for the calculation of experimentally accessible observables within realistic selection cuts. The QCD corrections to the integrated cross sections are found to be modest, while the shapes of some kinematical distributions change appreciably compared to leading order. The residual scale uncertainties of the next-to-leading order results are at the few-percent level.

Weak ferromagnetism along the third-order axis of the FeBO3 crystals caused by Fe2+ impurity ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ovchinnikov, S. G.; Rudenko, V. V.; Vorotynov, A. M.

2018-05-01

Using the single-ion approximation, the weak ferromagnetic moment σZ(Fe2+) along the third-order axis of FeBO3 crystals, which is caused by the contribution of Fe2+ ions, has been investigated in the framework of the model Fe2+ impurity ion -BO3 vacancy. The extreme low-temperature behavior of the total magnetic moment due to the strong dependence of the Fe2+ion contribution is predicted.

Plants used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of male infertility possess antioxidant and anti-oestrogenic activity.

PubMed

Tempest, Helen G; Homa, Sheryl T; Routledge, Edwin J; Garner, Anthony; Zhai, Xiao-Ping; Griffin, Darren K

2008-01-01

In this study Chinese herbs commonly used in the treatment of male infertility were investigated for relevant biochemical activity. Male factor infertility predominantly arises via barriers to, or defects in, spermatogenesis. The process of spermatogenesis is under strict endocrine control; in addition oxidative stress has been implicated in male infertility with significant levels of reactive oxygen species detected in 25% of infertile males. A total of 37 individual herbs and seven herb decoctions used in the treatment of male factor infertility were therefore tested for endocrine activity using a recombinant yeast based assay and antioxidant activity using the FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant potential) assay. Individual herbs tested did not show androgenic properties, 20 showed strong and 10 weak anti-oestrogenic activity (per g of dried herb tamoxifen equivalents ranged from 1.18-1280.66 mg and 0.06-0.98 mg, respectively). Oestrogenic responses were elicited for two herbs (85.30-550 microg oestradiol equivalents/g dried herb), with seven and three herbs exhibiting a strong or weak anti-androgenic response (per g of dried herb DHT equivalents ranged from 1.54-66.78 mg and 0.17-0.32 mg), respectively. Of these 37 herbs, strong (15 herbs), intermediate (7 herbs) and weak/no (15 herbs) antioxidant activity was detected (ranging from 0.912-1.26; 0.6-0.88 and 0-0.468 microg ascorbate equivalent/mg dried herb, respectively). The seven decoctions (previously used to treat patients) tested elicited strong (5 herbs) and weak (2 herbs) anti-oestrogenic responses (per g of dried herb tamoxifen equivalents ranged from 1.14-13.23 mg and 0.22-0.26 mg, respectively), but not oestrogenic, androgenic nor anti-androgenic, consistent with their individual composition. With regard to antioxidant activity the following responses were recorded: three strong, three intermediate and one weak (ranging from 1.02-1.2; 0.72-0.76 and 0.44 microg ascorbate equivalent/mg dried herb, respectively). The prospects for introducing Chinese herbal treatments into the Western-based medicine are discussed.

Reconsidering the role of temporal order in spoken word recognition.

PubMed

Toscano, Joseph C; Anderson, Nathaniel D; McMurray, Bob

2013-10-01

Models of spoken word recognition assume that words are represented as sequences of phonemes. We evaluated this assumption by examining phonemic anadromes, words that share the same phonemes but differ in their order (e.g., sub and bus). Using the visual-world paradigm, we found that listeners show more fixations to anadromes (e.g., sub when bus is the target) than to unrelated words (well) and to words that share the same vowel but not the same set of phonemes (sun). This contrasts with the predictions of existing models and suggests that words are not defined as strict sequences of phonemes.

Analysis of Online DBA Algorithm with Adaptive Sleep Cycle in WDM EPON

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pajčin, Bojan; Matavulj, Petar; Radivojević, Mirjana

2018-05-01

In order to manage Quality of Service (QoS) and energy efficiency in the optical access network, an online Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation (DBA) algorithm with adaptive sleep cycle is presented. This DBA algorithm has the ability to allocate an additional bandwidth to the end user within a single sleep cycle whose duration changes depending on the current buffers occupancy. The purpose of this DBA algorithm is to tune the duration of the sleep cycle depending on the network load in order to provide service to the end user without violating strict QoS requests in all network operating conditions.

Sex Reversal in Reptiles: Reproductive Oddity or Powerful Driver of Evolutionary Change?

PubMed

Holleley, Clare E; Sarre, Stephen D; O'Meally, Denis; Georges, Arthur

2016-01-01

Is sex a product of genes, the environment, or both? In this review, we describe the diversity of sex-determining mechanisms in reptiles, with a focus on systems that display gene-environment interactions. We summarise the field and laboratory-based evidence for the occurrence of environmental sex reversal in reptiles and ask whether this is a widespread evolutionary mechanism affecting the evolution of sex chromosomes and speciation in vertebrates. Sex determination systems exist across a continuum of genetic and environmental influences, blurring the lines between what was once considered a strict dichotomy between genetic sex determination and temperature-dependent sex determination. Across this spectrum, we identify the potential for sex reversal in species with clearly differentiated heteromorphic sex chromosomes (Pogona vitticeps, Bassiana duperreyi, Eremias multiocellata, Gekko japonicus), weakly differentiated homomorphic sex chromosomes (Niveoscincus ocellatus), and species with only a weak heritable predisposition for sex (Emys orbicularis, Trachemys scripta). We argue that sex reversal is widespread in reptiles (Testudines, Lacertidae, Agamidae, Scincidae, Gekkonidae) and has the potential to have an impact on individual fitness, resulting in reproductively, morphologically, and behaviourally unique phenotypes. Sex reversal is likely to be a powerful evolutionary force responsible for generating and maintaining lability and diversity in reptile sex-determining modes. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

A new species of Euprox (Cervidae, Artiodactyla) from the upper Miocene of the Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, with interpretation of its paleoenvironment.

PubMed

Hou, Sukuan

2015-01-16

The Linxia Basin, Gansu Province, China, is known for its abundant and well preserved fossils. Here a new species, Euprox grandis sp. nov., is established based on a skull and antlers collected from the upper Miocene Liushu Formation of the Linxia Basin. The new species is distinguishable from other Euprox species by its large body size, notably long pedicle and weak burr. The main beam and the brow tine are slightly curved both medially and backwards, and the apex of the main beam turns, curving slightly laterally. The upper cheek teeth are brachydont, with a clear central fold on the premolars and internal postprotocrista and metaconule fold on M1-M2. The cingulum is almost absent, only occasionally weakly developed at the anterior and lingual surface of the teeth. Cladistic analysis was carried out using the TNT software, and two most parsimonious trees were retained. As the strict consensus tree shows E. grandis appears to be an advanced muntiacine form, which may have a close relationship with the genus Muntiacus. The presence of E. grandis in the Linxia Basin adds new evidence to support a warm and humid environment during the late Miocene in the basin. 

Gelatin Nano-coating for Inhibiting Surface Crystallization of Amorphous Drugs.

PubMed

Teerakapibal, Rattavut; Gui, Yue; Yu, Lian

2018-01-05

Inhibit the fast surface crystallization of amorphous drugs with gelatin nano-coatings. The free surface of amorphous films of indomethacin or nifedipine was coated by a gelatin solution (type A or B) and dried. The coating's effect on surface crystallization was evaluated. Coating thickness was estimated from mass change after coating. For indomethacin (weak acid, pK a  = 4.5), a gelatin coating of either type deposited at pH 5 and 10 inhibited its fast surface crystal growth. The coating thickness was 20 ± 10 nm. A gelatin coating deposited at pH 3, however, provided no protective effect. These results suggest that an effective gelatin coating does not require that the drug and the polymer have opposite charges. The ineffective pH 3 coating might reflect the poor wetting of indomethacin's neutral, hydrophobic surface by the coating solution. For nifedipine (weak base, pK a  = 2.6), a gelatin coating of either type deposited at pH 5 inhibited its fast surface crystal growth. Gelatin nano-coatings can be conveniently applied to amorphous drugs from solution to inhibit fast surface crystallization. Unlike strong polyelectrolyte coatings, a protective gelatin coating does not require strict pairing of opposite charges. This could make gelatin coating a versatile, pharmaceutically acceptable coating for stabilizing amorphous drugs.

On absence of bound states for weakly attractive δ'-interactions supported on non-closed curves in ℝ2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jex, Michal; Lotoreichik, Vladimir

2016-02-01

Let Λ ⊂ ℝ2 be a non-closed piecewise-C1 curve, which is either bounded with two free endpoints or unbounded with one free endpoint. Let u±|Λ ∈ L2(Λ) be the traces of a function u in the Sobolev space H1(ℝ2∖Λ) onto two faces of Λ. We prove that for a wide class of shapes of Λ the Schrödinger operator Hω Λ with δ'-interaction supported on Λ of strength ω ∈ L∞(Λ; ℝ) associated with the quadratic form H 1 ( R 2 ∖ Λ ) ∋ u ↦ ∫ R 2 |" separators=" ∇ u | 2 d x - ∫ Λ ω |" separators=" u + | Λ - u - | Λ | 2 d s has no negative spectrum provided that ω is pointwise majorized by a strictly positive function explicitly expressed in terms of Λ. If, additionally, the domain ℝ2∖Λ is quasi-conical, we show that σ ( Hω Λ ) = [ 0 , + ∞ ) . For a bounded curve Λ in our class and non-varying interaction strength ω ∈ ℝ, we derive existence of a constant ω∗ > 0 such that σ ( Hω Λ ) = [ 0 , + ∞ ) for all ω ∈ (-∞, ω∗]; informally speaking, bound states are absent in the weak coupling regime.

ULTRA-SHARP solution of the Smith-Hutton problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leonard, B. P.; Mokhtari, Simin

1992-01-01

Highly convective scalar transport involving near-discontinuities and strong streamline curvature was addressed in a paper by Smith and Hutton in 1982, comparing several different convection schemes applied to a specially devised test problem. First order methods showed significant artificial diffusion, whereas higher order methods gave less smearing but had a tendency to overshoot and oscillate. Perhaps because unphysical oscillations are more obvious than unphysical smearing, the intervening period has seen a rise in popularity of low order artificially diffusive schemes, especially in the numerical heat transfer industry. The present paper describes an alternate strategy of using non-artificially diffusive high order methods, while maintaining strictly monotonic transitions through the use of simple flux limited constraints. Limited third order upwinding is usually found to be the most cost effective basic convection scheme. Tighter resolution of discontinuities can be obtained at little additional cost by using automatic adaptive stencil expansion to higher order in local regions, as needed.

Early first trimester maternal 'high fish and olive oil and low meat' dietary pattern is associated with accelerated human embryonic development.

PubMed

Parisi, Francesca; Rousian, Melek; Steegers-Theunissen, Régine P M; Koning, Anton H J; Willemsen, Sten P; de Vries, Jeanne H M; Cetin, Irene; Steegers, Eric A P

2018-04-20

Maternal dietary patterns were associated with embryonic growth and congenital anomalies. We aim to evaluate associations between early first trimester maternal dietary patterns and embryonic morphological development among pregnancies with non-malformed outcome. A total of 228 strictly dated, singleton pregnancies without congenital malformations were enrolled in a periconceptional hospital-based cohort. Principal component analysis was performed to extract early first trimester maternal dietary patterns from food frequency questionnaires. Serial transvaginal three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) scans were performed between 6 +0 and 10 +2 gestational weeks and internal and external morphological criteria were used to define Carnegie stages in a virtual reality system. Associations between dietary patterns and Carnegie stages were investigated using linear mixed models. A total of 726 3D US scans were included (median: three scans per pregnancy). The 'high fish and olive oil and low meat' dietary pattern was associated with accelerated embryonic development in the study population (β = 0.12 (95%CI: 0.00; 0.24), p < 0.05). Weak adherence to this dietary pattern delayed embryonic development by 2.1 days (95%CI: 1.6; 2.6) compared to strong adherence. The 'high vegetables, fruit and grain' dietary pattern accelerated embryonic development in the strictly dated spontaneous pregnancy subgroup without adjustment for energy intake. Early first trimester maternal dietary patterns impacts human embryonic morphological development among pregnancies without congenital malformations. The clinical meaning of delayed embryonic development needs further investigation.

Measurement invariance of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale's three-factor structure in men and women with cancer.

PubMed

Mah, Kenneth; Bezjak, Andrea; Loblaw, D Andrew; Gotowiec, Andrew; Devins, Gerald M

2011-02-01

Illness- and treatment-related disruptions to valued activities and interests (illness intrusiveness) are central to quality of life in chronic disease and are captured by three subscales of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale (IIRS): the Instrumental, Intimacy, and Relationships and Personal Development subscales. Using individual (CFA) and multisample confirmatory factor analyses (MSCFA), we evaluated measurement invariance of the IIRS's 3-factor structure in men and women with cancer. Men (n = 210) and women (n = 206) with 1 of 4 cancer diagnoses (gastrointestinal, head and neck, lymphoma, lung) recruited from outpatient clinics completed the IIRS. In the MSCFA, we applied an analysis of means and covariance structures approach to test increasingly stringent equality constraints on factor structure parameters to evaluate weak, strong, and strict measurement invariance of the 3-factor structure between men and women. Individual CFAs demonstrated fit of the hypothesized 3-factor structure for men and women, although more consistently for men. The 3-factor structure was superior to an alternative 1-factor structure. MSCFA results indicated that parameters of the 3-factor structure could be considered equivalent between the sexes up to the level of strong invariance. Strict invariance was not supported. Overall, IIRS scores can be interpreted similarly for men and women with cancer. Illness intrusiveness can be considered as important in the psychosocial adaptation of people with cancer as it is for people affected by other chronic conditions. (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved

Comparable Ages for the Independent Origins of Electrogenesis in African and South American Weakly Electric Fishes

PubMed Central

Lavoué, Sébastien; Miya, Masaki; Arnegard, Matthew E.; Sullivan, John P.; Hopkins, Carl D.; Nishida, Mutsumi

2012-01-01

One of the most remarkable examples of convergent evolution among vertebrates is illustrated by the independent origins of an active electric sense in South American and African weakly electric fishes, the Gymnotiformes and Mormyroidea, respectively. These groups independently evolved similar complex systems for object localization and communication via the generation and reception of weak electric fields. While good estimates of divergence times are critical to understanding the temporal context for the evolution and diversification of these two groups, their respective ages have been difficult to estimate due to the absence of an informative fossil record, use of strict molecular clock models in previous studies, and/or incomplete taxonomic sampling. Here, we examine the timing of the origins of the Gymnotiformes and the Mormyroidea using complete mitogenome sequences and a parametric Bayesian method for divergence time reconstruction. Under two different fossil-based calibration methods, we estimated similar ages for the independent origins of the Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes. Our absolute estimates for the origins of these groups either slightly postdate, or just predate, the final separation of Africa and South America by continental drift. The most recent common ancestor of the Mormyroidea and Gymnotiformes was found to be a non-electrogenic basal teleost living more than 85 millions years earlier. For both electric fish lineages, we also estimated similar intervals (16–19 or 22–26 million years, depending on calibration method) between the appearance of electroreception and the origin of myogenic electric organs, providing rough upper estimates for the time periods during which these complex electric organs evolved de novo from skeletal muscle precursors. The fact that the Gymnotiformes and Mormyroidea are of similar age enhances the comparative value of the weakly electric fish system for investigating pathways to evolutionary novelty, as well as the influences of key innovations in communication on the process of species radiation. PMID:22606250

Evolution and polymorphism in the multilocus Levene model with no or weak epistasis.

PubMed

Bürger, Reinhard

2010-09-01

Evolution and the maintenance of polymorphism under the multilocus Levene model with soft selection are studied. The number of loci and alleles, the number of demes, the linkage map, and the degree of dominance are arbitrary, but epistasis is absent or weak. We prove that, without epistasis and under mild, generic conditions, every trajectory converges to a stationary point in linkage equilibrium. Consequently, the equilibrium and stability structure can be determined by investigating the much simpler gene-frequency dynamics on the linkage-equilibrium manifold. For a haploid species an analogous result is shown. For weak epistasis, global convergence to quasi-linkage equilibrium is established. As an application, the maintenance of multilocus polymorphism is explored if the degree of dominance is intermediate at every locus and epistasis is absent or weak. If there are at least two demes, then arbitrarily many multiallelic loci can be maintained polymorphic at a globally asymptotically stable equilibrium. Because this holds for an open set of parameters, such equilibria are structurally stable. If the degree of dominance is not only intermediate but also deme independent, and loci are diallelic, an open set of parameters yielding an internal equilibrium exists only if the number of loci is strictly less than the number of demes. Otherwise, a fully polymorphic equilibrium exists only nongenerically, and if it exists, it consists of a manifold of equilibria. Its dimension is determined. In the absence of genotype-by-environment interaction, however, a manifold of equilibria occurs for an open set of parameters. In this case, the equilibrium structure is not robust to small deviations from no genotype-by-environment interaction. In a quantitative-genetic setting, the assumptions of no epistasis and intermediate dominance are equivalent to assuming that in every deme directional selection acts on a trait that is determined additively, i.e., by nonepistatic loci with dominance. Some of our results are exemplified in this quantitative-genetic context. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quasi-probabilities in conditioned quantum measurement and a geometric/statistical interpretation of Aharonov's weak value

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jaeha; Tsutsui, Izumi

2017-05-01

We show that the joint behavior of an arbitrary pair of (generally noncommuting) quantum observables can be described by quasi-probabilities, which are an extended version of the standard probabilities used for describing the outcome of measurement for a single observable. The physical situations that require these quasi-probabilities arise when one considers quantum measurement of an observable conditioned by some other variable, with the notable example being the weak measurement employed to obtain Aharonov's weak value. Specifically, we present a general prescription for the construction of quasi-joint probability (QJP) distributions associated with a given combination of observables. These QJP distributions are introduced in two complementary approaches: one from a bottom-up, strictly operational construction realized by examining the mathematical framework of the conditioned measurement scheme, and the other from a top-down viewpoint realized by applying the results of the spectral theorem for normal operators and their Fourier transforms. It is then revealed that, for a pair of simultaneously measurable observables, the QJP distribution reduces to the unique standard joint probability distribution of the pair, whereas for a noncommuting pair there exists an inherent indefiniteness in the choice of such QJP distributions, admitting a multitude of candidates that may equally be used for describing the joint behavior of the pair. In the course of our argument, we find that the QJP distributions furnish the space of operators in the underlying Hilbert space with their characteristic geometric structures such that the orthogonal projections and inner products of observables can be given statistical interpretations as, respectively, “conditionings” and “correlations”. The weak value Aw for an observable A is then given a geometric/statistical interpretation as either the orthogonal projection of A onto the subspace generated by another observable B, or equivalently, as the conditioning of A given B with respect to the QJP distribution under consideration.

Experimental investigation of measurement-induced disturbance and time symmetry in quantum physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Curic, D.; Richardson, M. C.; Thekkadath, G. S.; Flórez, J.; Giner, L.; Lundeen, J. S.

2018-04-01

Unlike regular time evolution governed by the Schrödinger equation, standard quantum measurement appears to violate time-reversal symmetry. Measurement creates random disturbances (e.g., collapse) that prevent back-tracing the quantum state of the system. The effect of these disturbances is explicit in the results of subsequent measurements. In this way, the joint result of sequences of measurements depends on the order in time in which those measurements are performed. One might expect that if the disturbance could be eliminated this time-ordering dependence would vanish. Following a recent theoretical proposal [Bednorz, Franke, and Belzig, New J. Phys. 15, 023043 (2013), 10.1088/1367-2630/15/2/023043], we experimentally investigate this dependence for a kind of measurement that creates an arbitrarily small disturbance: weak measurement. We perform various sequences of a set of polarization weak measurements on photons. We experimentally demonstrate that, although the weak measurements are minimally disturbing, their time ordering affects the outcome of the measurement sequence for quantum systems.

Mass Mapping Abell 2261 with Kinematic Weak Lensing: A Pilot Study for NASAs WFIRST mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eifler, Tim

2015-02-01

We propose to investigate a new method to extract cosmological information from weak gravitational lensing in the context of the mission design and requirements of NASAs Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope (WFIRST). In a recent paper (Huff, Krause, Eifler, George, Schlegel 2013) we describe a new method for reducing the shape noise in weak lensing measurements by an order of magnitude. Our method relies on spectroscopic measurements of disk galaxy rotation and makes use of the well-established Tully-Fisher (TF) relation in order to control for the intrinsic orientations of galaxy disks. Whereas shape noise is one of the major limitations for current weak lensing experiments it ceases to be an important source of statistical error in our new proposed technique. Specifically, we propose a pilot study that maps the projected mass distribution in the massive cluster Abell 2261 (z=0.225) to infer whether this promising technique faces systematics that prohibit its application to WFIRST. In addition to the cosmological weak lensing prospects, these measurements will also allow us to test kinematic lensing in the context of cluster mass reconstruction with a drastically improved signal-to-noise (S/N) per galaxy.

First-order melting of a weak spin-orbit mott insulator into a correlated metal

DOE PAGES

Hogan, Tom; Yamani, Z.; Walkup, D.; ...

2015-06-25

Herein, the electronic phase diagram of the weak spin-orbit Mott insulator (Sr 1-xLa x) 3Ir 2O 7 is determined via an exhaustive experimental study. Upon doping electrons via La substitution, an immediate collapse in resistivity occurs along with a narrow regime of nanoscale phase separation comprised of antiferromagnetic, insulating regions and paramagnetic, metallic puddles persisting until x≈0.04. Continued electron doping results in an abrupt, first-order phase boundary where the Néel state is suppressed and a homogenous, correlated, metallic state appears with an enhanced spin susceptibility and local moments. In conclusion, as the metallic state is stabilized, a weak structural distortionmore » develops and suggests a competing instability with the parent spin-orbit Mott state.« less

Simulating the Mind

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dietrich, Dietmar; Fodor, Georg; Zucker, Gerhard; Bruckner, Dietmar

The approach to developing models described within the following chapters breaks with some of the previously used approaches in Artificial Intelligence. This is the first attempt to use methods from psychoanalysis organized in a strictly topdown design method in order to take an important step towards the creation of intelligent systems. Hence, the vision and the research hypothesis are described in the beginning and will hopefully prove to have sufficient grounds for this approach.

Exploration of zeroth-order wavefunctions and energies as a first step toward intramolecular symmetry-adapted perturbation theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonthier, Jérôme F.; Corminboeuf, Clémence

2014-04-01

Non-covalent interactions occur between and within all molecules and have a profound impact on structural and electronic phenomena in chemistry, biology, and material science. Understanding the nature of inter- and intramolecular interactions is essential not only for establishing the relation between structure and properties, but also for facilitating the rational design of molecules with targeted properties. These objectives have motivated the development of theoretical schemes decomposing intermolecular interactions into physically meaningful terms. Among the various existing energy decomposition schemes, Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) is one of the most successful as it naturally decomposes the interaction energy into physical and intuitive terms. Unfortunately, analogous approaches for intramolecular energies are theoretically highly challenging and virtually nonexistent. Here, we introduce a zeroth-order wavefunction and energy, which represent the first step toward the development of an intramolecular variant of the SAPT formalism. The proposed energy expression is based on the Chemical Hamiltonian Approach (CHA), which relies upon an asymmetric interpretation of the electronic integrals. The orbitals are optimized with a non-hermitian Fock matrix based on two variants: one using orbitals strictly localized on individual fragments and the other using canonical (delocalized) orbitals. The zeroth-order wavefunction and energy expression are validated on a series of prototypical systems. The computed intramolecular interaction energies demonstrate that our approach combining the CHA with strictly localized orbitals achieves reasonable interaction energies and basis set dependence in addition to producing intuitive energy trends. Our zeroth-order wavefunction is the primary step fundamental to the derivation of any perturbation theory correction, which has the potential to truly transform our understanding and quantification of non-bonded intramolecular interactions.

Exploration of zeroth-order wavefunctions and energies as a first step toward intramolecular symmetry-adapted perturbation theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gonthier, Jérôme F.; Corminboeuf, Clémence, E-mail: clemence.corminboeuf@epfl.ch

2014-04-21

Non-covalent interactions occur between and within all molecules and have a profound impact on structural and electronic phenomena in chemistry, biology, and material science. Understanding the nature of inter- and intramolecular interactions is essential not only for establishing the relation between structure and properties, but also for facilitating the rational design of molecules with targeted properties. These objectives have motivated the development of theoretical schemes decomposing intermolecular interactions into physically meaningful terms. Among the various existing energy decomposition schemes, Symmetry-Adapted Perturbation Theory (SAPT) is one of the most successful as it naturally decomposes the interaction energy into physical and intuitivemore » terms. Unfortunately, analogous approaches for intramolecular energies are theoretically highly challenging and virtually nonexistent. Here, we introduce a zeroth-order wavefunction and energy, which represent the first step toward the development of an intramolecular variant of the SAPT formalism. The proposed energy expression is based on the Chemical Hamiltonian Approach (CHA), which relies upon an asymmetric interpretation of the electronic integrals. The orbitals are optimized with a non-hermitian Fock matrix based on two variants: one using orbitals strictly localized on individual fragments and the other using canonical (delocalized) orbitals. The zeroth-order wavefunction and energy expression are validated on a series of prototypical systems. The computed intramolecular interaction energies demonstrate that our approach combining the CHA with strictly localized orbitals achieves reasonable interaction energies and basis set dependence in addition to producing intuitive energy trends. Our zeroth-order wavefunction is the primary step fundamental to the derivation of any perturbation theory correction, which has the potential to truly transform our understanding and quantification of non-bonded intramolecular interactions.« less

Validating the shortened Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) in a sample of children with drug-resistant epilepsy.

PubMed

Conway, Lauryn; Widjaja, Elysa; Smith, Mary Lou; Speechley, Kathy N; Ferro, Mark A

2017-04-01

The aim of this study was to validate the newly developed shortened Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) in a sample of children with drug-resistant epilepsy. Data came from 136 children enrolled in the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Surgery on Health-Related Quality of Life Study (PEPSQOL), a multicenter prospective cohort study. Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the higher-order factor structure of the QOLCE-55. Convergent and divergent validity was assessed by correlating subscales of the KIDSCREEN-27 with the QOLCE-55. Measurement equivalence of the QOLCE-55 was evaluated using multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis of children with drug-resistant epilepsy from PEPSQOL versus children with new-onset epilepsy from HERQULES (Health-Related Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy Study). The higher-order factor structure of the QOLCE-55 demonstrated adequate fit: Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.948; Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI) = 0.946; Root Mean Square of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.060 (90% confidence interval [CI] 0.054-0.065); Weighted Root Mean Square Residuals (WRMR) = 1.247. Higher-order factor loadings were strong, ranging from λ = 0.74 to 0.81. Internal consistency reliability was excellent (α = 0.97, subscales α > 0.82). QOLCE-55 subscales demonstrated moderate to strong correlations with similar subscales of the KIDSCREEN-27 (ρ = 0.43-0.75) and weak to moderate correlations with dissimilar subscales (ρ = 0.25-0.42). The QOLCE-55 demonstrated partial measurement equivalence at the level of strict invariance - χ 2 (2,823) = 3,727.9, CFI = 0.961, TLI = 0.962, RMSEA = 0.049 (0.044, 0.053), WRMR = 1.834. The findings provide support for the factor structure of the QOLCE-55 and contribute to its robust psychometric profile as a reliable and valid measure. Researchers and health practitioners should consider the QOLCE-55 as a viable option for reducing respondent burden when assessing health-related quality of life in children with epilepsy. Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 International League Against Epilepsy.

Edge Singularities and Quasilong-Range Order in Nonequilibrium Steady States.

PubMed

De Nardis, Jacopo; Panfil, Miłosz

2018-05-25

The singularities of the dynamical response function are one of the most remarkable effects in many-body interacting systems. However in one dimension these divergences only exist strictly at zero temperature, making their observation very difficult in most cold atomic experimental settings. Moreover the presence of a finite temperature destroys another feature of one-dimensional quantum liquids: the real space quasilong-range order in which the spatial correlation functions exhibit power-law decay. We consider a nonequilibrium protocol where two interacting Bose gases are prepared either at different temperatures or chemical potentials and then joined. We show that the nonequilibrium steady state emerging at large times around the junction displays edge singularities in the response function and quasilong-range order.

Bounding the Resource Availability of Partially Ordered Events with Constant Resource Impact

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frank, Jeremy

2004-01-01

We compare existing techniques to bound the resource availability of partially ordered events. We first show that, contrary to intuition, two existing techniques, one due to Laborie and one due to Muscettola, are not strictly comparable in terms of the size of the search trees generated under chronological search with a fixed heuristic. We describe a generalization of these techniques called the Flow Balance Constraint to tightly bound the amount of available resource for a set of partially ordered events with piecewise constant resource impact We prove that the new technique generates smaller proof trees under chronological search with a fixed heuristic, at little increase in computational expense. We then show how to construct tighter resource bounds but at increased computational cost.

Edge Singularities and Quasilong-Range Order in Nonequilibrium Steady States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Nardis, Jacopo; Panfil, Miłosz

2018-05-01

The singularities of the dynamical response function are one of the most remarkable effects in many-body interacting systems. However in one dimension these divergences only exist strictly at zero temperature, making their observation very difficult in most cold atomic experimental settings. Moreover the presence of a finite temperature destroys another feature of one-dimensional quantum liquids: the real space quasilong-range order in which the spatial correlation functions exhibit power-law decay. We consider a nonequilibrium protocol where two interacting Bose gases are prepared either at different temperatures or chemical potentials and then joined. We show that the nonequilibrium steady state emerging at large times around the junction displays edge singularities in the response function and quasilong-range order.

On homogeneous second order linear general quantum difference equations.

PubMed

Faried, Nashat; Shehata, Enas M; El Zafarani, Rasha M

2017-01-01

In this paper, we prove the existence and uniqueness of solutions of the β -Cauchy problem of second order β -difference equations [Formula: see text] [Formula: see text], in a neighborhood of the unique fixed point [Formula: see text] of the strictly increasing continuous function β , defined on an interval [Formula: see text]. These equations are based on the general quantum difference operator [Formula: see text], which is defined by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. We also construct a fundamental set of solutions for the second order linear homogeneous β -difference equations when the coefficients are constants and study the different cases of the roots of their characteristic equations. Finally, we drive the Euler-Cauchy β -difference equation.

Towards a nonperturbative calculation of weak Hamiltonian Wilson coefficients

DOE PAGES

Bruno, Mattia; Lehner, Christoph; Soni, Amarjit

2018-04-20

Here, we propose a method to compute the Wilson coefficients of the weak effective Hamiltonian to all orders in the strong coupling constant using Lattice QCD simulations. We perform our calculations adopting an unphysically light weak boson mass of around 2 GeV. We demonstrate that systematic errors for the Wilson coefficients C 1 and C 2, related to the current-current four-quark operators, can be controlled and present a path towards precise determinations in subsequent works.

Towards a nonperturbative calculation of weak Hamiltonian Wilson coefficients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, Mattia; Lehner, Christoph; Soni, Amarjit; Rbc; Ukqcd Collaborations

2018-04-01

We propose a method to compute the Wilson coefficients of the weak effective Hamiltonian to all orders in the strong coupling constant using Lattice QCD simulations. We perform our calculations adopting an unphysically light weak boson mass of around 2 GeV. We demonstrate that systematic errors for the Wilson coefficients C1 and C2 , related to the current-current four-quark operators, can be controlled and present a path towards precise determinations in subsequent works.

Towards a nonperturbative calculation of weak Hamiltonian Wilson coefficients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bruno, Mattia; Lehner, Christoph; Soni, Amarjit

Here, we propose a method to compute the Wilson coefficients of the weak effective Hamiltonian to all orders in the strong coupling constant using Lattice QCD simulations. We perform our calculations adopting an unphysically light weak boson mass of around 2 GeV. We demonstrate that systematic errors for the Wilson coefficients C 1 and C 2, related to the current-current four-quark operators, can be controlled and present a path towards precise determinations in subsequent works.

7 CFR 28.416 - Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. 28.416... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.416 Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.416 - Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. 28.416... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.416 Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.416 - Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. 28.416... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.416 Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.416 - Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. 28.416... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.416 Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.412 - Strict Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.412 Section 28... REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.412 Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or color, or both, is...

7 CFR 28.414 - Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.414... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.414 Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.414 - Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.414... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.414 Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.416 - Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. 28.416... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.416 Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.414 - Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.414... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.414 Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.412 - Strict Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.412 Section 28... REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.412 Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or color, or both, is...

7 CFR 28.412 - Strict Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.412 Section 28... REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.412 Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or color, or both, is...

7 CFR 28.414 - Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.414... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.414 Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.414 - Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.414... CONTAINER REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.414 Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or...

7 CFR 28.412 - Strict Middling Light Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. 28.412 Section 28... REGULATIONS COTTON CLASSING, TESTING, AND STANDARDS Standards Light Spotted Cotton § 28.412 Strict Middling Light Spotted Color. Strict Middling Light Spotted Color is color which in spot or color, or both, is...

7 CFR 28.402 - Strict Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Middling Color. 28.402 Section 28.402... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.402 Strict Middling Color. Strict Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United States...

7 CFR 28.402 - Strict Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Middling Color. 28.402 Section 28.402... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.402 Strict Middling Color. Strict Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United States...

7 CFR 28.402 - Strict Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Middling Color. 28.402 Section 28.402... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.402 Strict Middling Color. Strict Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United States...

7 CFR 28.402 - Strict Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Middling Color. 28.402 Section 28.402... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.402 Strict Middling Color. Strict Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United States...

7 CFR 28.402 - Strict Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Middling Color. 28.402 Section 28.402... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.402 Strict Middling Color. Strict Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United States...

X-Ray Weak Broad-Line Quasars: Absorption or Intrinsic X-Ray Weakness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Risaliti, Guido; Mushotzky, Richard F. (Technical Monitor)

2004-01-01

XMM observations of X-ray weak quasars have been performed during 2003. The data for all but the last observation are now available (there has been a delay of several months on the initial schedule, due to high background flares which contaminated the observations: as a consequence, most of them had to be rescheduled). We have reduced and analyzed these data, and obtained interesting preliminary scientific results. Out of the eight sources, 4 are confirmed to be extrimely X-ray weak, in agreement with the results of previous Chandra observations. 3 sources are confirmed to be highly variable both in flux (by factors 20-50) and in spectral properties (dramatic changes in spectral index). For both these groups of objects, an article is in preparation. Preliminary results have been presented at an international workshop on AGN surveys in December 2003, in Cozumel (Mexico). In order to further understand the nature of these X-ray weak quasars, we submitted proposals for spectroscopy at optical and infrared telescopes. We obtained time at the TNG 4 meter telescope for near-IR observations, and at the Hobby-Eberly Telescope for optical high-resolution spectroscopy. These observations will be performed in early 2004, and will complement the XMM data, in order to understand whether the X-ray weakness of these sources is an intrinsic property or is due to absorption by circumnuclear material.

Soliton's eigenvalue based analysis on the generation mechanism of rogue wave phenomenon in optical fibers exhibiting weak third order dispersion.

PubMed

Weerasekara, Gihan; Tokunaga, Akihiro; Terauchi, Hiroki; Eberhard, Marc; Maruta, Akihiro

2015-01-12

One of the extraordinary aspects of nonlinear wave evolution which has been observed as the spontaneous occurrence of astonishing and statistically extraordinary amplitude wave is called rogue wave. We show that the eigenvalues of the associated equation of nonlinear Schrödinger equation are almost constant in the vicinity of rogue wave and we validate that optical rogue waves are formed by the collision between quasi-solitons in anomalous dispersion fiber exhibiting weak third order dispersion.

Artificial in-plane ordering of textured YBa2Cu3O(7-x) films deposited on polycrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harshavardhan, K. S.; Rajeswari, M.; Hwang, D. M.; Chen, C. Y.; Sands, T. D.; Venkatesan, T.; Tkaczyk, J. E.; Lay, K. W.; Safari, A.; Johnson, L.

1992-12-01

Anisotropic surface texturing of the polycrystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates, prior to YBa2Cu3O(7-x) film deposition, is shown to promote in-plane (basal plane) ordering of the film growth in addition to the c-axis texturing. The Jc's of the films in the weak-link-dominated low-field regime are enhanced considerably, and this result is attributed to the reduction of weak links resulting from a reduction in the number of in-plane large-angle grain boundaries.

Constraints on the dark matter and dark energy interactions from weak lensing bispectrum tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

An, Rui; Feng, Chang; Wang, Bin, E-mail: an_rui@sjtu.edu.cn, E-mail: chang.feng@uci.edu, E-mail: wang_b@sjtu.edu.cn

We estimate uncertainties of cosmological parameters for phenomenological interacting dark energy models using weak lensing convergence power spectrum and bispectrum. We focus on the bispectrum tomography and examine how well the weak lensing bispectrum with tomography can constrain the interactions between dark sectors, as well as other cosmological parameters. Employing the Fisher matrix analysis, we forecast parameter uncertainties derived from weak lensing bispectra with a two-bin tomography and place upper bounds on strength of the interactions between the dark sectors. The cosmic shear will be measured from upcoming weak lensing surveys with high sensitivity, thus it enables us to usemore » the higher order correlation functions of weak lensing to constrain the interaction between dark sectors and will potentially provide more stringent results with other observations combined.« less

7 CFR 28.404 - Strict Low Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Color. 28.404 Section 28.404... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.404 Strict Low Middling Color. Strict Low Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United...

7 CFR 28.406 - Strict Good Ordinary Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Color. 28.406 Section 28.406... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.406 Strict Good Ordinary Color. Strict Good Ordinary Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the...

7 CFR 28.404 - Strict Low Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Color. 28.404 Section 28.404... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.404 Strict Low Middling Color. Strict Low Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United...

7 CFR 28.404 - Strict Low Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Color. 28.404 Section 28.404... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.404 Strict Low Middling Color. Strict Low Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United...

7 CFR 28.406 - Strict Good Ordinary Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Color. 28.406 Section 28.406... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.406 Strict Good Ordinary Color. Strict Good Ordinary Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the...

7 CFR 28.406 - Strict Good Ordinary Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Color. 28.406 Section 28.406... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.406 Strict Good Ordinary Color. Strict Good Ordinary Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the...

7 CFR 28.406 - Strict Good Ordinary Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Color. 28.406 Section 28.406... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.406 Strict Good Ordinary Color. Strict Good Ordinary Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the...

7 CFR 28.404 - Strict Low Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Color. 28.404 Section 28.404... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.404 Strict Low Middling Color. Strict Low Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United...

7 CFR 28.406 - Strict Good Ordinary Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Color. 28.406 Section 28.406... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.406 Strict Good Ordinary Color. Strict Good Ordinary Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the...

7 CFR 28.404 - Strict Low Middling Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Color. 28.404 Section 28.404... for the Color Grade of American Upland Cotton § 28.404 Strict Low Middling Color. Strict Low Middling Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples in the custody of the United...

Explosive magnetorotational instability in Keplerian disks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shtemler, Yu., E-mail: shtemler@bgu.ac.il; Liverts, E., E-mail: eliverts@bgu.ac.il; Mond, M., E-mail: mond@bgu.ac.il

Differentially rotating disks under the effect of axial magnetic field are prone to a nonlinear explosive magnetorotational instability (EMRI). The dynamic equations that govern the temporal evolution of the amplitudes of three weakly detuned resonantly interacting modes are derived. As distinct from exponential growth in the strict resonance triads, EMRI occurs due to the resonant interactions of an MRI mode with stable Alfvén–Coriolis and magnetosonic modes. Numerical solutions of the dynamic equations for amplitudes of a triad indicate that two types of perturbations behavior can be excited for resonance conditions: (i) EMRI which leads to infinite values of the threemore » amplitudes within a finite time, and (ii) bounded irregular oscillations of all three amplitudes. Asymptotic explicit solutions of the dynamic equations are obtained for EMRI regimes and are shown to match the numerical solutions near the explosion time.« less

Design principles of a microtubule polymerase

PubMed Central

Geyer, Elisabeth A; Miller, Matthew P; Brautigam, Chad A; Biggins, Sue

2018-01-01

Stu2/XMAP215 microtubule polymerases use multiple tubulin-binding TOG domains and a lattice-binding basic region to processively promote faster elongation. How the domain composition and organization of these proteins dictate polymerase activity, end localization, and processivity is unknown. We show that polymerase activity does not require different kinds of TOGs, nor are there strict requirements for how the TOGs are linked. We identify an unexpected antagonism between the tubulin-binding TOGs and the lattice-binding basic region: lattice binding by the basic region is weak when at least two TOGs engage tubulins, strong when TOGs are empty. End-localization of Stu2 requires unpolymerized tubulin, at least two TOGs, and polymerase competence. We propose a ‘ratcheting’ model for processivity: transfer of tubulin from TOGs to the lattice activates the basic region, retaining the polymerase at the end for subsequent rounds of tubulin binding and incorporation. These results clarify design principles of the polymerase. PMID:29897335

Synaptotagmin-1 may be a distance regulator acting upstream of SNARE nucleation

PubMed Central

van den Bogaart, Geert; Thutupalli, Shashi; Risselada, Jelger H.; Meyenberg, Karsten; Holt, Matthew; Riedel, Dietmar; Diederichsen, Ulf; Herminghaus, Stephan; Grubmüller, Helmut; Jahn, Reinhard

2011-01-01

Synaptotagmin-1 triggers Ca2+-sensitive, rapid neurotransmitter release by promoting the interaction of SNARE proteins between the synaptic vesicles and the plasma membrane. How synaptotagmin-1 promotes this interaction is controversial, and the massive increase in membrane fusion efficiency of Ca2+-synaptotagmin-1 has not been reproduced in vitro. However, previous experiments have been performed at relatively high salt concentrations, screening potentially important electrostatic interactions. Using functional reconstitution in liposomes, we show here that at low ionic strength SNARE-mediated membrane fusion becomes strictly dependent on both Ca2+ and synaptotagmin-1. Under these conditions, synaptotagmin-1 functions as a distance regulator: tethering the liposomes too far for SNARE nucleation in the absence of Ca2+, but brings the liposomes close enough for membrane fusion in the presence of Ca2+. These results may explain how the relatively weak electrostatic interactions of synaptotagmin-1 with membranes substantially accelerate fusion. PMID:21642968

Iatrogenic dependence of anabolic-androgenic steroid in an Indian non-athletic woman

PubMed Central

Tripathi, Adarsh; Tekkalaki, Bheemsain; Saxena, Shashwat; Dandu, Himanshu

2014-01-01

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) are increasingly being used by athletes and youngsters to become masculine and to loose body fat. Long-term consumption of AAS causes multiple physical and psychological morbidities. Research has also concluded that AAS have addictive potential and AAS abuse is commonly found with other substance abuse. Abuse of AAS is rare in eastern countries. Abuse among women is even rarer. Here is a case report of an Indian woman, who was prescribed nandrolone decanoate injections by an unqualified medical practitioner to treat multiple non-specific somatic pains and reported weakness, leading to dependence for nandrolonedecanoate. This case report supports the research finding of abuse potential of AAS, raises concern about the need for spreading the awareness about AAS abuse among medical professionals, regulating medical practice by unqualified practitioners, and strict legal check against AAS availability in developing countries. PMID:24503662

A method to approximate a closest loadability limit using multiple load flow solutions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yorino, Naoto; Harada, Shigemi; Cheng, Haozhong

A new method is proposed to approximate a closest loadability limit (CLL), or closest saddle node bifurcation point, using a pair of multiple load flow solutions. More strictly, the obtainable points by the method are the stationary points including not only CLL but also farthest and saddle points. An operating solution and a low voltage load flow solution are used to efficiently estimate the node injections at a CLL as well as the left and right eigenvectors corresponding to the zero eigenvalue of the load flow Jacobian. They can be used in monitoring loadability margin, in identification of weak spotsmore » in a power system and in the examination of an optimal control against voltage collapse. Most of the computation time of the proposed method is taken in calculating the load flow solution pair. The remaining computation time is less than that of an ordinary load flow.« less

Antitumor Efficacy of 7β, 17α-Dimethyltestosterone (Calusterone) in Advanced Female Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Gordan, Gilbert S.; Halden, Allan; Walter, Robert M.

1970-01-01

Twenty-two women with far advanced, hormone-refractory breast cancer were treated with 7β,17α dimethyltestosterone (calusterone), 150 to 300 mg per day by mouth, to test its antitumor efficacy. Using the strict criteria of the Cooperative Breast Cancer Group, 14 of the women (64 percent) obtained objective regressions. Regressions lasted for from 3 to 20 months, averaging 7 months. Undesirable actions are those of a 17α-alkylated, weak androgen with inconstant bromsulphalein retention, but without elevation of serum bilirubin levels or of hepatic enzymes. This compound has potent antitumor efficacy in women with advanced breast cancer, is better tolerated than most chemotherapeutic or steroidal antitumor agents, and will probably assume an important position in the care of these patients. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3Figure 3Figure 4Figure 5Figure 5 PMID:5457511

A boundary-value problem for a first-order hyperbolic system in a two-dimensional domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhura, N. A.; Soldatov, A. P.

2017-06-01

We consider a strictly hyperbolic first-order system of three equations with constant coefficients in a bounded piecewise-smooth domain. The boundary of the domain is assumed to consist of six smooth non-characteristic arcs. A boundary-value problem in this domain is posed by alternately prescribing one or two linear combinations of the components of the solution on these arcs. We show that this problem has a unique solution under certain additional conditions on the coefficients of these combinations, the boundary of the domain and the behaviour of the solution near the characteristics passing through the corner points of the domain.

Statistics of contractive cracking patterns. [frozen soil-water rheology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noever, David A.

1991-01-01

The statistics of convective soil patterns are analyzed using statistical crystallography. An underlying hierarchy of order is found to span four orders of magnitude in characteristic pattern length. Strict mathematical requirements determine the two-dimensional (2D) topology, such that random partitioning of space yields a predictable statistical geometry for polygons. For all lengths, Aboav's and Lewis's laws are verified; this result is consistent both with the need to fill 2D space and most significantly with energy carried not by the patterns' interior, but by the boundaries. Together, this suggests a common mechanism of formation for both micro- and macro-freezing patterns.

Generalized contractive mappings and weakly α-admissible pairs in G-metric spaces.

PubMed

Hussain, N; Parvaneh, V; Hoseini Ghoncheh, S J

2014-01-01

The aim of this paper is to present some coincidence and common fixed point results for generalized (ψ, φ)-contractive mappings using partially weakly G-α-admissibility in the setup of G-metric space. As an application of our results, periodic points of weakly contractive mappings are obtained. We also derive certain new coincidence point and common fixed point theorems in partially ordered G-metric spaces. Moreover, some examples are provided here to illustrate the usability of the obtained results.

Generalized Contractive Mappings and Weakly α-Admissible Pairs in G-Metric Spaces

PubMed Central

Hussain, N.; Parvaneh, V.; Hoseini Ghoncheh, S. J.

2014-01-01

The aim of this paper is to present some coincidence and common fixed point results for generalized (ψ, φ)-contractive mappings using partially weakly G-α-admissibility in the setup of G-metric space. As an application of our results, periodic points of weakly contractive mappings are obtained. We also derive certain new coincidence point and common fixed point theorems in partially ordered G-metric spaces. Moreover, some examples are provided here to illustrate the usability of the obtained results. PMID:25202742

Study on the Weak Stress in Flexural MEMS Cantilever

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ge, Yuetao; Ren, Yan

2018-03-01

In order to design a better piezoresistive MEMS cantilever beam, especially for cantilever beams that will detect weak forces or will be subjected to weak forces, this paper uses study on the weak stress in flexural MEMS cantilever. The sensor design structure, divided into protective layer, piezoresistive layer, support layer. The protective layer is responsible for protecting the piezoresistive layer so that the varistor is insulated from the outside; the piezoresistive layer is used to make the varistor; the support layer forms the main part of the cantilever beam, the majority of the cantilever beam. This paper has some value for cantilever multilayer structure design and cantilever beam size design.

Report to Congress on the Indemnification of Contractors Performing Environmental Restoration. Appendices

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-07

during the course of the work. A contractor could also be subject to federal or state orders compelling the cleanup of property , -3- including...government property , contaminated during the course of work. A contractor could also be held liable for the costs of remediating sites to which hazardous...parties under a variety of traditional tort theories, including strict liability, trespass, nuisance, and negligence, for personal injury or property

Renormalization in Coulomb-gauge QCD within the Lagrangian formalism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Niegawa, A.

2006-08-15

We study renormalization of Coulomb-gauge QCD within the Lagrangian, second-order, formalism. We derive a Ward identity and the Zinn-Justin equation, and, with the help of the latter, we give a proof of algebraic renormalizability of the theory. Through diagrammatic analysis, we show that, in the strict Coulomb gauge, g{sup 2}D{sup 00} is invariant under renormalization. (D{sup 00} is the time-time component of the gluon propagator.)

Toward a comprehensive understanding of executive cognitive function in implicit racial bias.

PubMed

Ito, Tiffany A; Friedman, Naomi P; Bartholow, Bruce D; Correll, Joshua; Loersch, Chris; Altamirano, Lee J; Miyake, Akira

2015-02-01

Although performance on laboratory-based implicit bias tasks often is interpreted strictly in terms of the strength of automatic associations, recent evidence suggests that such tasks are influenced by higher-order cognitive control processes, so-called executive functions (EFs). However, extant work in this area has been limited by failure to account for the unity and diversity of EFs, focus on only a single measure of bias and/or EF, and relatively small sample sizes. The current study sought to comprehensively model the relation between individual differences in EFs and the expression of racial bias in 3 commonly used laboratory measures. Participants (N = 485) completed a battery of EF tasks (Session 1) and 3 racial bias tasks (Session 2), along with numerous individual difference questionnaires. The main findings were as follows: (a) measures of implicit bias were only weakly intercorrelated; (b) EF and estimates of automatic processes both predicted implicit bias and also interacted, such that the relation between automatic processes and bias expression was reduced at higher levels of EF; (c) specific facets of EF were differentially associated with overall task performance and controlled processing estimates across different bias tasks; (d) EF did not moderate associations between implicit and explicit measures of bias; and (e) external, but not internal, motivation to control prejudice depended on EF to reduce bias expression. Findings are discussed in terms of the importance of global and specific EF abilities in determining expression of implicit racial bias. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

Wind selectivity and partial compensation for wind drift among nocturnally migrating passerines

PubMed Central

McLaren, James D.

2012-01-01

A migrating bird’s response to wind can impact its timing, energy expenditure, and path taken. The extent to which nocturnal migrants select departure nights based on wind (wind selectivity) and compensate for wind drift remains unclear. In this paper, we determine the effect of wind selectivity and partial drift compensation on the probability of successfully arriving at a destination area and on overall migration speed. To do so, we developed an individual-based model (IBM) to simulate full drift and partial compensation migration of juvenile Willow Warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) along the southwesterly (SW) European migration corridor to the Iberian coast. Various degrees of wind selectivity were tested according to how large a drift angle and transport cost (mechanical energy per unit distance) individuals were willing to tolerate on departure after dusk. In order to assess model results, we used radar measurements of nocturnal migration to estimate the wind selectivity and proportional drift among passerines flying in SW directions. Migration speeds in the IBM were highest for partial compensation populations tolerating at least 25% extra transport cost compared to windless conditions, which allowed more frequent departure opportunities. Drift tolerance affected migration speeds only weakly, whereas arrival probabilities were highest with drift tolerances below 20°. The radar measurements were indicative of low drift tolerance, 25% extra transport cost tolerance and partial compensation. We conclude that along migration corridors with generally nonsupportive winds, juvenile passerines should not strictly select supportive winds but partially compensate for drift to increase their chances for timely and accurate arrival. PMID:22936843

Wind selectivity and partial compensation for wind drift among nocturnally migrating passerines.

PubMed

McLaren, James D; Shamoun-Baranes, Judy; Bouten, Willem

2012-09-01

A migrating bird's response to wind can impact its timing, energy expenditure, and path taken. The extent to which nocturnal migrants select departure nights based on wind (wind selectivity) and compensate for wind drift remains unclear. In this paper, we determine the effect of wind selectivity and partial drift compensation on the probability of successfully arriving at a destination area and on overall migration speed. To do so, we developed an individual-based model (IBM) to simulate full drift and partial compensation migration of juvenile Willow Warblers (Phylloscopus trochilus) along the southwesterly (SW) European migration corridor to the Iberian coast. Various degrees of wind selectivity were tested according to how large a drift angle and transport cost (mechanical energy per unit distance) individuals were willing to tolerate on departure after dusk. In order to assess model results, we used radar measurements of nocturnal migration to estimate the wind selectivity and proportional drift among passerines flying in SW directions. Migration speeds in the IBM were highest for partial compensation populations tolerating at least 25% extra transport cost compared to windless conditions, which allowed more frequent departure opportunities. Drift tolerance affected migration speeds only weakly, whereas arrival probabilities were highest with drift tolerances below 20°. The radar measurements were indicative of low drift tolerance, 25% extra transport cost tolerance and partial compensation. We conclude that along migration corridors with generally nonsupportive winds, juvenile passerines should not strictly select supportive winds but partially compensate for drift to increase their chances for timely and accurate arrival.

Problem in application carrying capacity approach for land allocation assessment in Indonesian municipal spatial planning: A case of Kutai Kartanegara Regency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wijaya, I. N. S.; Rahadi, B.; Lusiana, N.; Maulidina, I.

2017-06-01

Urbanization in many countries, such as Indonesia, is commonly appeared as a dynamic population of developed areas. It is followed with reducing rural uses of land for improving urban land uses such as housing, industry, infrastructure, etc. in response to the growth of population. One may not be sufficiently considered by the urban planners and the decision makers, urbanization also means escalation of natural resources consumption that should be supported by the natural capacity of the area. In this situation, balancing approach as carrying capacity calculation in spatial planning is needed for sustainability. Indonesian Spatial Planning Law 26/2007 has already expressed about the balance approach in the system. Moreover, it strictly regulates the assessment and the permission system in controlling land development, especially for the conversion. However, the reductions over the rural uses of land, especially agriculture, are continuously occurred. Concerning the planning approach, this paper aims to disclose common insufficiency of carrying capacity considerations in Indonesian spatial planning practice. This paper describes common calculation weaknesses in projecting area for the urban development by recalculating the actual gap between supply and demand of agriculture land areas. Here, municipal spatial plan of Kutai Kartanegara Regency is utilized as single sample case to discuss. As the result, the recalculation shows that: 1) there are serious deficit status of agriculture land areas in order to fulfil the demanded agriculture production for the existed population, 2) some calculation of agriculture production may be miss-interpreted because of insufficient explanation toward the productivity of each agriculture commodity.

On the isotropy assumption and the applicability of the gasdynamical equations for collapsing systems.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hensler, G.; Spurzem, R.; Burkert, A.; Trassl, E.

1995-11-01

Rotating, isothermal collapsing protostellar and protogalactic gas systems are always being treated by use of the isotropic gasdynamical (Euler) equations; while it is standard textbook knowledge that diffusive and viscous effects can be neglected in most astrophysical plasmas with large Reynolds numbers, or in other words non-diagonal elements of the stress-energy tensor (second-order moments of the velocity distribution function) and higher order moments vanish, it is not that clear that the isotropy assumption is correct, i.e. the equality of the diagonal second-order moments. Therefore we address in this paper the question whether a collapsing gas cloud remains always strictly isotropic. Analytically the velocity field of an isothermal collapsing rotating gas cloud is computed and it is shown that strict isotropy can be realized in the static case only. This means that although collisional timescales in the gas might be very short, the collapsing system has to develop an inherent small anisotropy; the trajectory of the system in phase space is initially leading away from the isotropic path, staying continuously apart from it for a small distance. We discuss this phenomenon quantitatively by using moment equations of the Boltzmann equation and examine its consequences. It turns out that the deviation from anisotropy in most cases keeps small enough to allow for a global isotropic treatment which is consistent with expectation; applying our results to systems like cloud fluids or stellar systems, however, yields complementary results. Additionally we prove in this paper the performance of the conditions for the applicability of the gasdynamical description in a handy form and show that these conditions are usually fulfilled. We find that for a slightly Jeans unstable system in pressure equilibrium the ratio of the microscopic collision time to free-fall time has to be of order unity or smaller as has to be the Knudsen number in order to ensure the validity of gasdynamic equations.

Array design considerations for exploitation of stable weakly dispersive modal pulses in the deep ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udovydchenkov, Ilya A.

2017-07-01

Modal pulses are broadband contributions to an acoustic wave field with fixed mode number. Stable weakly dispersive modal pulses (SWDMPs) are special modal pulses that are characterized by weak dispersion and weak scattering-induced broadening and are thus suitable for communications applications. This paper investigates, using numerical simulations, receiver array requirements for recovering information carried by SWDMPs under various signal-to-noise ratio conditions without performing channel equalization. Two groups of weakly dispersive modal pulses are common in typical mid-latitude deep ocean environments: the lowest order modes (typically modes 1-3 at 75 Hz), and intermediate order modes whose waveguide invariant is near-zero (often around mode 20 at 75 Hz). Information loss is quantified by the bit error rate (BER) of a recovered binary phase-coded signal. With fixed receiver depths, low BERs (less than 1%) are achieved at ranges up to 400 km with three hydrophones for mode 1 with 90% probability and with 34 hydrophones for mode 20 with 80% probability. With optimal receiver depths, depending on propagation range, only a few, sometimes only two, hydrophones are often sufficient for low BERs, even with intermediate mode numbers. Full modal resolution is unnecessary to achieve low BERs. Thus, a flexible receiver array of autonomous vehicles can outperform a cabled array.

Major effect of inherited rheology weakening in the crust and mantle on continental intraplate strain and seismicity rates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gueydan, Frédéric; Mazzotti, Stephane

2017-04-01

Stable Continental Regions (SCR, i.e., intraplate) are commonly viewed as non-deforming and very high resistance lithosphere domains, except in localized regions of higher strain and seismicity rates that often related to fossilized tectonic zones acting as weaker domains (e.g., Rhine Graben, New Madrid). Two main categories of models have been proposed to explain strain concentration in SCR: Local stress concentration (fault intersection, erosion pulse, …) and local lithosphere weakness (high geotherm, mantle anisotropy, …). In order to test the respective role of these various parameters of the stress - rheology - strain relationship, we propose a simple 1D model to quantify first-order continental strain rate variations using laboratory and field-based rheology laws for the crust and mantle. In particular, we include new strain-weakening rheologies in order to simulate tectonic heritage. Within the framework of near-failure equilibrium between tectonic forces and strain rates, we show that inherited rheology weakening plays a fundamental role in allowing for and explaining strain and seismicity concentration in intraplate weak zones. A comparison with empirical strain rate estimations in SCR and intraplate weak zones shows that inherited weakening rheologies can increase local strain rates by as much as three orders of magnitude, about one to two orders higher than that permitted by other processes such as stress concentration, thermal anomaly, etc.

[Tularaemia in a boy following participation in a mud race].

PubMed

Zijlstra, M; Hulsker, C C C; Fanoy, E B; Pijnacker, R; Kraaijeveld, A; Koene, M G J; Wolfs, T F W

2017-01-01

Tularaemia is a rare disease. In Europe it mostly occurs in Scandinavia. Since 2011 more cases are being reported in the Netherlands. Tularaemia may manifest itself in various ways. It is important to take strict precautions during biopsy, drainage and biopsy processing in order to prevent transmission. A 10-year-old boy presented to the paediatrician with a left inguinal lymphadenitis. A week before the onset of symptoms he had participated in a children's mud race. Serology and PCR of pus from the lymph node tested positive for Francisella tularensis. Treatment with ciprofloxacin was insufficiently effective, so surgical drainage of the gland was performed under strict isolation conditions. Water from the mud race location contained genetic material from F. tularensis. Given the rising incidence of tularaemia in the Netherlands, it is important to consider 'tularaemia' in the differential diagnosis in patients with lymphadenitis and epidemiological clues in their case history. Since 1 November 2016 it has been mandatory to report tularaemia in the Netherlands.

Unusual magnetic excitations in the weakly ordered spin- 1 2 chain antiferromagnet Sr 2 CuO 3 : Possible evidence for Goldstone magnon coupled with the amplitude mode

DOE PAGES

Sergeicheva, E. G.; Sosin, S. S.; Prozorova, L. A.; ...

2017-01-18

We report on an electron spin resonance (ESR) study of a nearly one-dimensional (1D) spin-1/2 chain antiferromagnet, Sr 2CuO 3, with extremely weak magnetic ordering. The ESR spectra at T > T N, in the disordered Luttinger-spin-liquid phase, reveal nearly ideal Heisenberg-chain behavior with only a very small, field-independent linewidth, ~1/T. In the ordered state, below T N, we identify field-dependent antiferromagnetic resonance modes, which are well described by pseudo-Goldstone magnons in the model of a collinear biaxial antiferromagnet. Additionally, we observe a major resonant mode with unusual and strongly anisotropic properties, which is not anticipated by the conventional theorymore » of Goldstone spin waves. Lastly, we propose that this unexpected magnetic excitation can be attributed to a field-independent magnon mode renormalized due to its interaction with the high-energy amplitude (Higgs) mode in the regime of weak spontaneous symmetry breaking.« less

Higher-order gravity and the classical equivalence principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Accioly, Antonio; Herdy, Wallace

2017-11-01

As is well known, the deflection of any particle by a gravitational field within the context of Einstein’s general relativity — which is a geometrical theory — is, of course, nondispersive. Nevertheless, as we shall show in this paper, the mentioned result will change totally if the bending is analyzed — at the tree level — in the framework of higher-order gravity. Indeed, to first order, the deflection angle corresponding to the scattering of different quantum particles by the gravitational field mentioned above is not only spin dependent, it is also dispersive (energy-dependent). Consequently, it violates the classical equivalence principle (universality of free fall, or equality of inertial and gravitational masses) which is a nonlocal principle. However, contrary to popular belief, it is in agreement with the weak equivalence principle which is nothing but a statement about purely local effects. It is worthy of note that the weak equivalence principle encompasses the classical equivalence principle locally. We also show that the claim that there exists an incompatibility between quantum mechanics and the weak equivalence principle, is incorrect.

A Least-Squares-Based Weak Galerkin Finite Element Method for Second Order Elliptic Equations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

Here, in this article, we introduce a least-squares-based weak Galerkin finite element method for the second order elliptic equation. This new method is shown to provide very accurate numerical approximations for both the primal and the flux variables. In contrast to other existing least-squares finite element methods, this new method allows us to use discontinuous approximating functions on finite element partitions consisting of arbitrary polygon/polyhedron shapes. We also develop a Schur complement algorithm for the resulting discretization problem by eliminating all the unknowns that represent the solution information in the interior of each element. Optimal order error estimates for bothmore » the primal and the flux variables are established. An extensive set of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the robustness, reliability, flexibility, and accuracy of the least-squares-based weak Galerkin finite element method. Finally, the numerical examples cover a wide range of applied problems, including singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equations and the flow of fluid in porous media with strong anisotropy and heterogeneity.« less

A Least-Squares-Based Weak Galerkin Finite Element Method for Second Order Elliptic Equations

DOE PAGES

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

2017-08-17

Here, in this article, we introduce a least-squares-based weak Galerkin finite element method for the second order elliptic equation. This new method is shown to provide very accurate numerical approximations for both the primal and the flux variables. In contrast to other existing least-squares finite element methods, this new method allows us to use discontinuous approximating functions on finite element partitions consisting of arbitrary polygon/polyhedron shapes. We also develop a Schur complement algorithm for the resulting discretization problem by eliminating all the unknowns that represent the solution information in the interior of each element. Optimal order error estimates for bothmore » the primal and the flux variables are established. An extensive set of numerical experiments are conducted to demonstrate the robustness, reliability, flexibility, and accuracy of the least-squares-based weak Galerkin finite element method. Finally, the numerical examples cover a wide range of applied problems, including singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equations and the flow of fluid in porous media with strong anisotropy and heterogeneity.« less

The limits of weak selection and large population size in evolutionary game theory.

PubMed

Sample, Christine; Allen, Benjamin

2017-11-01

Evolutionary game theory is a mathematical approach to studying how social behaviors evolve. In many recent works, evolutionary competition between strategies is modeled as a stochastic process in a finite population. In this context, two limits are both mathematically convenient and biologically relevant: weak selection and large population size. These limits can be combined in different ways, leading to potentially different results. We consider two orderings: the [Formula: see text] limit, in which weak selection is applied before the large population limit, and the [Formula: see text] limit, in which the order is reversed. Formal mathematical definitions of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] limits are provided. Applying these definitions to the Moran process of evolutionary game theory, we obtain asymptotic expressions for fixation probability and conditions for success in these limits. We find that the asymptotic expressions for fixation probability, and the conditions for a strategy to be favored over a neutral mutation, are different in the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] limits. However, the ordering of limits does not affect the conditions for one strategy to be favored over another.

Weak values, quantum trajectories, and the cavity-QED experiment on wave-particle correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiseman, H. M.

2002-03-01

Weak values as introduced by Aharonov, Albert, and Vaidman (AAV) are ensemble-average values for the results of weak measurements. They are interesting when the ensemble is preselected on a particular initial state and postselected on a particular final measurement result. It is shown that weak values arise naturally in quantum optics, as weak measurements occur whenever an open system is monitored (as by a photodetector). The quantum-trajectory theory is used to derive a generalization of AAV's formula to include (a) mixed initial conditions, (b) nonunitary evolution, (c) a generalized (nonprojective) final measurement, and (d) a non-back-action-evading weak measurement. This theory is applied to the recent cavity-QED experiment demonstrating wave particle duality [G. T. Foster, L. A. Orozco, H. M. Castro-Beltran, and H. J. Carmichael, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 3149 (2000)]. It is shown that the ``fractional-order'' correlation function measured in that experiment can be recast as a weak value in a form as simple as that introduced by AAV.

Next-to-Next-to-Leading-Order QCD Corrections to the Transverse Momentum Distribution of Weak Gauge Bosons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gehrmann-De Ridder, A.; Gehrmann, T.; Glover, E. W. N.; Huss, A.; Walker, D. M.

2018-03-01

The transverse momentum spectra of weak gauge bosons and their ratios probe the underlying dynamics and are crucial in testing our understanding of the standard model. They are an essential ingredient in precision measurements, such as the W boson mass extraction. To fully exploit the potential of the LHC data, we compute the second-order [next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO)] QCD corrections to the inclusive-pTW spectrum as well as to the ratios of spectra for W-/W+ and Z /W . We find that the inclusion of NNLO QCD corrections considerably improves the theoretical description of the experimental CMS data and results in a substantial reduction of the residual scale uncertainties.

Resumming double logarithms in the QCD evolution of color dipoles

DOE PAGES

Iancu, E.; Madrigal, J. D.; Mueller, A. H.; ...

2015-05-01

The higher-order perturbative corrections, beyond leading logarithmic accuracy, to the BFKL evolution in QCD at high energy are well known to suffer from a severe lack-of-convergence problem, due to radiative corrections enhanced by double collinear logarithms. Via an explicit calculation of Feynman graphs in light cone (time-ordered) perturbation theory, we show that the corrections enhanced by double logarithms (either energy-collinear, or double collinear) are associated with soft gluon emissions which are strictly ordered in lifetime. These corrections can be resummed to all orders by solving an evolution equation which is non-local in rapidity. This equation can be equivalently rewritten inmore » local form, but with modified kernel and initial conditions, which resum double collinear logs to all orders. We extend this resummation to the next-to-leading order BFKL and BK equations. The first numerical studies of the collinearly-improved BK equation demonstrate the essential role of the resummation in both stabilizing and slowing down the evolution.« less

Character order processing in Chinese reading.

PubMed

Gu, Junjuan; Li, Xingshan; Liversedge, Simon P

2015-02-01

We explored how character order information is encoded in isolated word processing or Chinese sentence reading in 2 experiments using a masked priming paradigm and a gaze-contingent display-change paradigm. The results showed that response latencies in the lexical decision task and reading times on the target word region were longer in the unrelated condition (the prime or the preview was unrelated with the target word) than the transposed-character condition (the prime or the preview was a transposition of the 2 characters of the target word), which were respectively longer than in the identity condition (the prime or preview was identical to the target word). These results show that character order is encoded at an early stage of processing in Chinese reading, but character position encoding was not strict. We also found that character order encoding was similar for single-morpheme and multiple-morpheme words, suggesting that morphemic status does not affect character order encoding. The current results represent an early contribution to our understanding of character order encoding during Chinese reading.

Large Deviations in Weakly Interacting Boundary Driven Lattice Gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Wijland, Frédéric; Rácz, Zoltán

2005-01-01

One-dimensional, boundary-driven lattice gases with local interactions are studied in the weakly interacting limit. The density profiles and the correlation functions are calculated to first order in the interaction strength for zero-range and short-range processes differing only in the specifics of the detailed-balance dynamics. Furthermore, the effective free-energy (large-deviation function) and the integrated current distribution are also found to this order. From the former, we find that the boundary drive generates long-range correlations only for the short-range dynamics while the latter provides support to an additivity principle recently proposed by Bodineau and Derrida.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baroni, A.; Schiavilla, R.

Cross sections for inclusive neutrino scattering off deuteron induced by neutral and charge-changing weak currents are calculated from threshold up to 150 MeV energies in a chiral effective field theory including high orders in the power counting. The contributions beyond leading order (LO) in the weak current are found to be small, and increase the cross sections obtained with the LO transition operators by a couple of percent over the whole energy range (0--150) MeV. Furthermore, the cutoff dependence is negligible, and the predicted cross sections are within ~2% of, albeit consistently larger than, corresponding predictions obtained in conventional meson-exchangemore » frameworks.« less

Third order maximum-principle-satisfying direct discontinuous Galerkin methods for time dependent convection diffusion equations on unstructured triangular meshes

DOE PAGES

Chen, Zheng; Huang, Hongying; Yan, Jue

2015-12-21

We develop 3rd order maximum-principle-satisfying direct discontinuous Galerkin methods [8], [9], [19] and [21] for convection diffusion equations on unstructured triangular mesh. We carefully calculate the normal derivative numerical flux across element edges and prove that, with proper choice of parameter pair (β 0,β 1) in the numerical flux formula, the quadratic polynomial solution satisfies strict maximum principle. The polynomial solution is bounded within the given range and third order accuracy is maintained. There is no geometric restriction on the meshes and obtuse triangles are allowed in the partition. As a result, a sequence of numerical examples are carried outmore » to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the maximum-principle-satisfying limiter.« less

A fully-implicit high-order system thermal-hydraulics model for advanced non-LWR safety analyses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Rui

An advanced system analysis tool is being developed for advanced reactor safety analysis. This paper describes the underlying physics and numerical models used in the code, including the governing equations, the stabilization schemes, the high-order spatial and temporal discretization schemes, and the Jacobian Free Newton Krylov solution method. The effects of the spatial and temporal discretization schemes are investigated. Additionally, a series of verification test problems are presented to confirm the high-order schemes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the developed system thermal-hydraulics model can be strictly verified with the theoretical convergence rates, and that it performs very well for amore » wide range of flow problems with high accuracy, efficiency, and minimal numerical diffusions.« less

A fully-implicit high-order system thermal-hydraulics model for advanced non-LWR safety analyses

DOE PAGES

Hu, Rui

2016-11-19

An advanced system analysis tool is being developed for advanced reactor safety analysis. This paper describes the underlying physics and numerical models used in the code, including the governing equations, the stabilization schemes, the high-order spatial and temporal discretization schemes, and the Jacobian Free Newton Krylov solution method. The effects of the spatial and temporal discretization schemes are investigated. Additionally, a series of verification test problems are presented to confirm the high-order schemes. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that the developed system thermal-hydraulics model can be strictly verified with the theoretical convergence rates, and that it performs very well for amore » wide range of flow problems with high accuracy, efficiency, and minimal numerical diffusions.« less

Structure of the GH1 domain of guanylate kinase-associated protein from Rattus norvegicus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tong, Junsen; Yang, Huiseon; Eom, Soo Hyun

2014-09-12

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • The crystal structure of GKAP homology domain 1 (GH1) was determined. • GKAP GH1 is a three-helix bundle connected by short flexible loops. • The predicted helix α4 associates weakly with the helix α3, suggesting dynamic nature of the GH1 domain. - Abstract: Guanylate-kinase-associated protein (GKAP) is a scaffolding protein that links NMDA receptor-PSD-95 to Shank–Homer complexes by protein–protein interactions at the synaptic junction. GKAP family proteins are characterized by the presence of a C-terminal conserved GKAP homology domain 1 (GH1) of unknown structure and function. In this study, crystal structure of the GH1 domainmore » of GKAP from Rattus norvegicus was determined in fusion with an N-terminal maltose-binding protein at 2.0 Å resolution. The structure of GKAP GH1 displays a three-helix bundle connected by short flexible loops. The predicted helix α4 which was not visible in the crystal structure associates weakly with the helix α3 suggesting dynamic nature of the GH1 domain. The strict conservation of GH1 domain across GKAP family members and the lack of a catalytic active site required for enzyme activity imply that the GH1 domain might serve as a protein–protein interaction module for the synaptic protein clustering.« less

Analysis of Indium Tin Oxide Film Using Argon Fluroide (ArF) Laser-Excited Atomic Fluorescence of Ablated Plumes.

PubMed

Ho, Sut Kam; Garcia, Dario Machado

2017-04-01

A two-pulse laser-excited atomic fluorescence (LEAF) technique at 193 nm wavelength was applied to the analysis of indium tin oxide (ITO) layer on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film. Fluorescence emissions from analytes were induced from plumes generated by first laser pulse. Using this approach, non-selective LEAF can be accomplished for simultaneous multi-element analysis and it overcomes the handicap of strict requirement for laser excitation wavelength. In this study, experimental conditions including laser fluences, times for gating and time delay between pulses were optimized to reveal high sensitivity with minimal sample destruction and penetration. With weak laser fluences of 100 and 125 mJ/cm 2 for 355 and 193 nm pulses, detection limits were estimated to be 0.10% and 0.43% for Sn and In, respectively. In addition, the relation between fluorescence emissions and number of laser shots was investigated; reproducible results were obtained for Sn and In. It shows the feasibility of depth profiling by this technique. Morphologies of samples were characterized at various laser fluences and number of shots to examine the accurate penetration. Images of craters were also investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrate the imperceptible destructiveness of film after laser shot. With such weak laser fluences and minimal destructiveness, this LEAF technique is suitable for thin-film analysis.

Critical phenomena at the complex tensor ordering phase transition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boettcher, Igor; Herbut, Igor F.

2018-02-01

We investigate the critical properties of the phase transition towards complex tensor order that has been proposed to occur in spin-orbit-coupled superconductors. For this purpose, we formulate the bosonic field theory for fluctuations of the complex irreducible second-rank tensor order parameter close to the transition. We then determine the scale dependence of the couplings of the theory by means of the perturbative renormalization group (RG). For the isotropic system, we generically detect a fluctuation-induced first-order phase transition. The initial values for the running couplings are determined by the underlying microscopic model for the tensorial order. As an example, we study three-dimensional Luttinger semimetals with electrons at a quadratic band-touching point. Whereas the strong-coupling transition of the model receives substantial fluctuation corrections, the weak-coupling transition at low temperatures is rendered only weakly first order due to the presence of a fixed point in the vicinity of the RG trajectory. If the number of fluctuating complex components of the order parameter is reduced by cubic anisotropy, the theory maps onto the field theory for frustrated magnetism.

Highly anisotropic exchange interactions of j eff = 1 2 iridium moments on the fcc lattice in La 2 B IrO 6   ( B = Mg , Zn )

DOE PAGES

Aczel, A. A.; Cook, A. M.; Williams, T. J.; ...

2016-06-20

Here we have performed inelastic neutron scattering (INS) experiments to investigate the magnetic excitations in the weakly distorted face-centered-cubic (fcc) iridate double perovskites Lamore » $$_2$$ZnIrO$$_6$$ and La$$_2$$MgIrO$$_6$$, which are characterized by A-type antiferromagnetic ground states. The powder inelastic neutron scattering data on these geometrically frustrated $$j_{\\rm eff}=1/2$$ Mott insulators provide clear evidence for gapped spin wave excitations with very weak dispersion. The INS results and thermodynamic data on these materials can be reproduced by conventional Heisenberg-Ising models with significant uniaxial Ising anisotropy and sizeable second-neighbor ferromagnetic interactions. Such a uniaxial Ising exchange interaction is symmetry-forbidden on the ideal fcc lattice, so that it can only arise from the weak crystal distortions away from the ideal fcc limit. This may suggest that even weak distortions in $$j_{\\rm eff}=1/2$$ Mott insulators might lead to strong exchange anisotropies. More tantalizingly, however, we find an alternative viable explanation of the INS results in terms of spin models with a dominant Kitaev interaction. In contrast to the uniaxial Ising exchange, the highly-directional Kitaev interaction is a type of exchange anisotropy which is symmetry-allowed even on the ideal fcc lattice. The Kitaev model has a magnon gap induced by quantum order-by-disorder, while weak anisotropies of the Kitaev couplings generated by the symmetry-lowering due to lattice distortions can pin the order and enhance the magnon gap. In conclusion, our findings highlight how even conventional magnetic orders in heavy transition metal oxides may be driven by highly-directional exchange interactions rooted in strong spin-orbit coupling.« less

Quasiprobability behind the out-of-time-ordered correlator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yunger Halpern, Nicole; Swingle, Brian; Dressel, Justin

2018-04-01

Two topics, evolving rapidly in separate fields, were combined recently: the out-of-time-ordered correlator (OTOC) signals quantum-information scrambling in many-body systems. The Kirkwood-Dirac (KD) quasiprobability represents operators in quantum optics. The OTOC was shown to equal a moment of a summed quasiprobability [Yunger Halpern, Phys. Rev. A 95, 012120 (2017), 10.1103/PhysRevA.95.012120]. That quasiprobability, we argue, is an extension of the KD distribution. We explore the quasiprobability's structure from experimental, numerical, and theoretical perspectives. First, we simplify and analyze Yunger Halpern's weak-measurement and interference protocols for measuring the OTOC and its quasiprobability. We decrease, exponentially in system size, the number of trials required to infer the OTOC from weak measurements. We also construct a circuit for implementing the weak-measurement scheme. Next, we calculate the quasiprobability (after coarse graining) numerically and analytically: we simulate a transverse-field Ising model first. Then, we calculate the quasiprobability averaged over random circuits, which model chaotic dynamics. The quasiprobability, we find, distinguishes chaotic from integrable regimes. We observe nonclassical behaviors: the quasiprobability typically has negative components. It becomes nonreal in some regimes. The onset of scrambling breaks a symmetry that bifurcates the quasiprobability, as in classical-chaos pitchforks. Finally, we present mathematical properties. We define an extended KD quasiprobability that generalizes the KD distribution. The quasiprobability obeys a Bayes-type theorem, for example, that exponentially decreases the memory required to calculate weak values, in certain cases. A time-ordered correlator analogous to the OTOC, insensitive to quantum-information scrambling, depends on a quasiprobability closer to a classical probability. This work not only illuminates the OTOC's underpinnings, but also generalizes quasiprobability theory and motivates immediate-future weak-measurement challenges.

Dynamics of weakly inhomogeneous oscillator populations: perturbation theory on top of Watanabe-Strogatz integrability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vlasov, Vladimir; Rosenblum, Michael; Pikovsky, Arkady

2016-08-01

As has been shown by Watanabe and Strogatz (WS) (1993 Phys. Rev. Lett. 70 2391), a population of identical phase oscillators, sine-coupled to a common field, is a partially integrable system: for any ensemble size its dynamics reduce to equations for three collective variables. Here we develop a perturbation approach for weakly nonidentical ensembles. We calculate corrections to the WS dynamics for two types of perturbations: those due to a distribution of natural frequencies and of forcing terms, and those due to small white noise. We demonstrate that in both cases, the complex mean field for which the dynamical equations are written is close to the Kuramoto order parameter, up to the leading order in the perturbation. This supports the validity of the dynamical reduction suggested by Ott and Antonsen (2008 Chaos 18 037113) for weakly inhomogeneous populations.

A hybridized formulation for the weak Galerkin mixed finite element method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

This paper presents a hybridized formulation for the weak Galerkin mixed finite element method (WG-MFEM) which was introduced and analyzed in Wang and Ye (2014) for second order elliptic equations. The WG-MFEM method was designed by using discontinuous piecewise polynomials on finite element partitions consisting of polygonal or polyhedral elements of arbitrary shape. The key to WG-MFEM is the use of a discrete weak divergence operator which is defined and computed by solving inexpensive problems locally on each element. The hybridized formulation of this paper leads to a significantly reduced system of linear equations involving only the unknowns arising frommore » the Lagrange multiplier in hybridization. Optimal-order error estimates are derived for the hybridized WG-MFEM approximations. In conclusion, some numerical results are reported to confirm the theory and a superconvergence for the Lagrange multiplier.« less

A hybridized formulation for the weak Galerkin mixed finite element method

DOE PAGES

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

2016-01-14

This paper presents a hybridized formulation for the weak Galerkin mixed finite element method (WG-MFEM) which was introduced and analyzed in Wang and Ye (2014) for second order elliptic equations. The WG-MFEM method was designed by using discontinuous piecewise polynomials on finite element partitions consisting of polygonal or polyhedral elements of arbitrary shape. The key to WG-MFEM is the use of a discrete weak divergence operator which is defined and computed by solving inexpensive problems locally on each element. The hybridized formulation of this paper leads to a significantly reduced system of linear equations involving only the unknowns arising frommore » the Lagrange multiplier in hybridization. Optimal-order error estimates are derived for the hybridized WG-MFEM approximations. In conclusion, some numerical results are reported to confirm the theory and a superconvergence for the Lagrange multiplier.« less

Robust Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy control for fractional order hydro-turbine governing system.

PubMed

Wang, Bin; Xue, Jianyi; Wu, Fengjiao; Zhu, Delan

2016-11-01

A robust fuzzy control method for fractional order hydro-turbine governing system (FOHGS) in the presence of random disturbances is investigated in this paper. Firstly, the mathematical model of FOHGS is introduced, and based on Takagi-Sugeno (T-S) fuzzy rules, the generalized T-S fuzzy model of FOHGS is presented. Secondly, based on fractional order Lyapunov stability theory, a novel T-S fuzzy control method is designed for the stability control of FOHGS. Thirdly, the relatively loose sufficient stability condition is acquired, which could be transformed into a group of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) via Schur complement as well as the strict mathematical derivation is given. Furthermore, the control method could resist random disturbances, which shows the good robustness. Simulation results indicate the designed fractional order T-S fuzzy control scheme works well compared with the existing method. Copyright © 2016 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Weak Galerkin Method for the Reissner–Mindlin Plate in Primary Form

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

We developed a new finite element method for the Reissner–Mindlin equations in its primary form by using the weak Galerkin approach. Like other weak Galerkin finite element methods, this one is highly flexible and robust by allowing the use of discontinuous approximating functions on arbitrary shape of polygons and, at the same time, is parameter independent on its stability and convergence. Furthermore, error estimates of optimal order in mesh size h are established for the corresponding weak Galerkin approximations. Numerical experiments are conducted for verifying the convergence theory, as well as suggesting some superconvergence and a uniform convergence of themore » method with respect to the plate thickness.« less

A Weak Galerkin Method for the Reissner–Mindlin Plate in Primary Form

DOE PAGES

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

2017-10-04

We developed a new finite element method for the Reissner–Mindlin equations in its primary form by using the weak Galerkin approach. Like other weak Galerkin finite element methods, this one is highly flexible and robust by allowing the use of discontinuous approximating functions on arbitrary shape of polygons and, at the same time, is parameter independent on its stability and convergence. Furthermore, error estimates of optimal order in mesh size h are established for the corresponding weak Galerkin approximations. Numerical experiments are conducted for verifying the convergence theory, as well as suggesting some superconvergence and a uniform convergence of themore » method with respect to the plate thickness.« less

Enabling Teachers to Explore Grade Patterns to Identify Individual Needs and Promote Fairer Student Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedler, Sorelle A.; Tan, Yee Lin; Peer, Nir J.; Shneiderman, Ben

2008-01-01

Exploring student test, homework, and other assessment scores is a challenge for most teachers, especially when attempting to identify cross-assessment weaknesses and produce final course grades. During the course, teachers need to identify subject weaknesses in order to help students who are struggling with a particular topic. This identification…

Propagation Characteristics Of Weakly Guiding Optical Fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manshadi, Farzin

1992-01-01

Report discusses electromagnetic propagation characteristics of weakly guiding optical-fiber structures having complicated shapes with cross-sectional dimensions of order of wavelength. Coupling, power-dividing, and transition dielectric-waveguide structures analyzed. Basic data computed by scalar-wave, fast-Fourier-transform (SW-FFT) technique, based on numerical solution of scalar version of wave equation by forward-marching fast-Fourier-transform method.

Investigation of Legal Criteria Governing Notice Requirements and Oral Change Order Disputes

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-01

compared waiver to equitable estoppel . The doctrine of estoppel prevents the owner from insisting upon strict compliance of the contract requirements...refusal to enforce forfeiture has been based on the doctrines of waiver or estoppel . That is to say, the courts have found that the owner had committed...his right to insist on notice. The terms waiver and estoppel are closely related. These will first be defined and their similarities and differences

Federal Habeas Corpus: A Brief Legal Overview

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-04-26

are strict time limits within which they may petition the federal courts for relief. Moreover, a prisoner relying upon a novel interpretation of law...filing a motion for a stay and an appeal from the district court’s denial of the writ. The AEDPA creates a 180-day statute of limitations for filing...review interlocutory orders in such cases, to limit our jurisdiction under 1254(2)[relating to Supreme Court review of questions certified by a court of

Communicating Why: Aligning the Air Force Message

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-02-17

innovation as the Air Force’s HOW, after all the service could not have demonstrated its WHY without it. For example, Lt Col Jimmy Doolittle ...the Doolittle Raid.54 Later in the war, General Doolittle’s first order as the newly appointed commander of the 8th Air Force was to free the...fighters from their strict bomber tether so they could go on the offensive against the German fighters.55 As Doolittle later noted, the German General of

An Evaluation of One-Sided and Two-Sided Communication Paradigms on Relaxed-Ordering Interconnect

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ibrahim, Khaled Z.; Hargrove, Paul H.; Iancu, Costin

The Cray Gemini interconnect hardware provides multiple transfer mechanisms and out-of-order message delivery to improve communication throughput. In this paper we quantify the performance of one-sided and two-sided communication paradigms with respect to: 1) the optimal available hardware transfer mechanism, 2) message ordering constraints, 3) per node and per core message concurrency. In addition to using Cray native communication APIs, we use UPC and MPI micro-benchmarks to capture one- and two-sided semantics respectively. Our results indicate that relaxing the message delivery order can improve performance up to 4.6x when compared with strict ordering. When hardware allows it, high-level one-sided programmingmore » models can already take advantage of message reordering. Enforcing the ordering semantics of two-sided communication comes with a performance penalty. Furthermore, we argue that exposing out-of-order delivery at the application level is required for the next-generation programming models. Any ordering constraints in the language specifications reduce communication performance for small messages and increase the number of active cores required for peak throughput.« less

A weak Galerkin generalized multiscale finite element method

DOE PAGES

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

2016-03-31

In this study, we propose a general framework for weak Galerkin generalized multiscale (WG-GMS) finite element method for the elliptic problems with rapidly oscillating or high contrast coefficients. This general WG-GMS method features in high order accuracy on general meshes and can work with multiscale basis derived by different numerical schemes. A special case is studied under this WG-GMS framework in which the multiscale basis functions are obtained by solving local problem with the weak Galerkin finite element method. Convergence analysis and numerical experiments are obtained for the special case.

A weak Galerkin generalized multiscale finite element method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

In this study, we propose a general framework for weak Galerkin generalized multiscale (WG-GMS) finite element method for the elliptic problems with rapidly oscillating or high contrast coefficients. This general WG-GMS method features in high order accuracy on general meshes and can work with multiscale basis derived by different numerical schemes. A special case is studied under this WG-GMS framework in which the multiscale basis functions are obtained by solving local problem with the weak Galerkin finite element method. Convergence analysis and numerical experiments are obtained for the special case.

Coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity in iron based pnictides: a time resolved magnetooptical study.

PubMed

Pogrebna, A; Mertelj, T; Vujičić, N; Cao, G; Xu, Z A; Mihailovic, D

2015-01-13

Ferromagnetism and superconductivity are antagonistic phenomena. Their coexistence implies either a modulated ferromagnetic order parameter on a lengthscale shorter than the superconducting coherence length or a weak exchange coupling between the itinerant superconducting electrons and the localized ordered spins. In some iron based pnictide superconductors the coexistence of ferromagnetism and superconductivity has been clearly demonstrated. The nature of the coexistence, however, remains elusive since no clear understanding of the spin structure in the superconducting state has been reached and the reports on the coupling strength are controversial. We show, by a direct optical pump-probe experiment, that the coupling is weak, since the transfer of the excess energy from the itinerant electrons to ordered localized spins is much slower than the electron-phonon relaxation, implying the coexistence without the short-lengthscale ferromagnetic order parameter modulation. Remarkably, the polarization analysis of the coherently excited spin wave response points towards a simple ferromagnetic ordering of spins with two distinct types of ferromagnetic domains.

A Polar Corundum Oxide Displaying Weak Ferromagnetism at Room Temperature

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Combining long-range magnetic order with polarity in the same structure is a prerequisite for the design of (magnetoelectric) multiferroic materials. There are now several demonstrated strategies to achieve this goal, but retaining magnetic order above room temperature remains a difficult target. Iron oxides in the +3 oxidation state have high magnetic ordering temperatures due to the size of the coupled moments. Here we prepare and characterize ScFeO3 (SFO), which under pressure and in strain-stabilized thin films adopts a polar variant of the corundum structure, one of the archetypal binary oxide structures. Polar corundum ScFeO3 has a weak ferromagnetic ground state below 356 K—this is in contrast to the purely antiferromagnetic ground state adopted by the well-studied ferroelectric BiFeO3. PMID:22280499

Ordering process in the diffusively coupled logistic lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conrado, Claudine V.; Bohr, Tomas

1991-08-01

We study the ordering process in a lattice of diffusively coupled logistic maps for increasing lattice size. Within a window of parameters, the system goes into a weakly chaotic state with long range "antiferromagnetic" order. This happens for arbitrary lattice size L and the ordering time behaves as t ~ L2 as we would expect from a picture of diffusing defects.

The second-order theory of electromagnetic hot ion beam instabilities. [in interplanetary magnetic field

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gary, S. P.; Tokar, R. L.

1985-01-01

The present investigation is concerned with the application of a second-order theory for electromagnetic instabilities in a collisionless plasma to two modes which resonate with hot ion beams. The application of the theory is strictly limited to the linear growth phase. However, the application of the theory may be extended to obtain a description of the beam at postsaturation if the wave-beam resonance is sufficiently broad in velocity space. Under the considered limitations, it is shown that, as in the cold beam case, the fluctuating fields do not gain appreciable momentum and that the primary exchange of momentum is between the beam and main component.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Zheng; Huang, Hongying; Yan, Jue

We develop 3rd order maximum-principle-satisfying direct discontinuous Galerkin methods [8], [9], [19] and [21] for convection diffusion equations on unstructured triangular mesh. We carefully calculate the normal derivative numerical flux across element edges and prove that, with proper choice of parameter pair (β 0,β 1) in the numerical flux formula, the quadratic polynomial solution satisfies strict maximum principle. The polynomial solution is bounded within the given range and third order accuracy is maintained. There is no geometric restriction on the meshes and obtuse triangles are allowed in the partition. As a result, a sequence of numerical examples are carried outmore » to demonstrate the accuracy and capability of the maximum-principle-satisfying limiter.« less

Gauge-invariant formalism of cosmological weak lensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoo, Jaiyul; Grimm, Nastassia; Mitsou, Ermis; Amara, Adam; Refregier, Alexandre

2018-04-01

We present the gauge-invariant formalism of cosmological weak lensing, accounting for all the relativistic effects due to the scalar, vector, and tensor perturbations at the linear order. While the light propagation is fully described by the geodesic equation, the relation of the photon wavevector to the physical quantities requires the specification of the frames, where they are defined. By constructing the local tetrad bases at the observer and the source positions, we clarify the relation of the weak lensing observables such as the convergence, the shear, and the rotation to the physical size and shape defined in the source rest-frame and the observed angle and redshift measured in the observer rest-frame. Compared to the standard lensing formalism, additional relativistic effects contribute to all the lensing observables. We explicitly verify the gauge-invariance of the lensing observables and compare our results to previous work. In particular, we demonstrate that even in the presence of the vector and tensor perturbations, the physical rotation of the lensing observables vanishes at the linear order, while the tetrad basis rotates along the light propagation compared to a FRW coordinate. Though the latter is often used as a probe of primordial gravitational waves, the rotation of the tetrad basis is indeed not a physical observable. We further clarify its relation to the E-B decomposition in weak lensing. Our formalism provides a transparent and comprehensive perspective of cosmological weak lensing.

Study of weak corrections to Drell-Yan, top-quark pair, and dijet production at high energies with MCFM

DOE PAGES

Campbell, John M.; Wackeroth, Doreen; Zhou, Jia

2016-11-29

Electroweak (EW) corrections can be enhanced at high energies due to the soft or collinear radiation of virtual and real W and Z bosons that result in Sudakov-like corrections of the form αmore » $$l\\atop{W}$$log n(Q 2/M2$$\\atop{W,Z}$$), where α W=α/(4π sin 2θ W) and n ≤ 2l-1. The inclusion of EW corrections in predictions for hadron colliders is, therefore, especially important when searching for signals of possible new physics in distributions probing the kinematic regime Q 2>>M$$2\\atop{V}$$. Next-to-leading order (NLO) EW corrections should also be taken into account when their size [O(α)] is comparable to that of QCD corrections at next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO) [O(α$$2\\atop{s}$$)]. To this end, we have implemented the NLO weak corrections to the neutral-current Drell-Yan process, top-quark pair production and dijet production in the parton-level Monte Carlo program MCFM. This enables a combined study with the corresponding QCD corrections at NLO and NNLO. We provide both the full NLO weak corrections and their Sudakov approximation since the latter is often used for a fast evaluation of weak effects at high energies and can be extended to higher orders. Finally, with both the exact and approximate results at hand, the validity of the Sudakov approximation can be readily quantified.« less

Stacked Weak Lensing Mass Calibration: Estimators, Systematics, and Impact on Cosmological Parameter Constraints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rozo, Eduardo; /U. Chicago /Chicago U., KICP; Wu, Hao-Yi

2011-11-04

When extracting the weak lensing shear signal, one may employ either locally normalized or globally normalized shear estimators. The former is the standard approach when estimating cluster masses, while the latter is the more common method among peak finding efforts. While both approaches have identical signal-to-noise in the weak lensing limit, it is possible that higher order corrections or systematic considerations make one estimator preferable over the other. In this paper, we consider the efficacy of both estimators within the context of stacked weak lensing mass estimation in the Dark Energy Survey (DES). We find that the two estimators havemore » nearly identical statistical precision, even after including higher order corrections, but that these corrections must be incorporated into the analysis to avoid observationally relevant biases in the recovered masses. We also demonstrate that finite bin-width effects may be significant if not properly accounted for, and that the two estimators exhibit different systematics, particularly with respect to contamination of the source catalog by foreground galaxies. Thus, the two estimators may be employed as a systematic cross-check of each other. Stacked weak lensing in the DES should allow for the mean mass of galaxy clusters to be calibrated to {approx}2% precision (statistical only), which can improve the figure of merit of the DES cluster abundance experiment by a factor of {approx}3 relative to the self-calibration expectation. A companion paper investigates how the two types of estimators considered here impact weak lensing peak finding efforts.« less

Weak hamiltonian Wilson Coefficients from Lattice QCD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bruno, Mattia

2018-03-01

n this work we present a calculation of the Wilson Coefficients C1 and C2 of the Effective Weak Hamiltonian to all-orders in αs, using lattice simulations. Given the current availability of lattice spacings we restrict our calculation to unphysically light W bosons around 2 GeV and we study the systematic uncertainties of the two Wilson Coefficients.

Weak deflection gravitational lensing for photons coupled to Weyl tensor in a Schwarzschild black hole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Wei-Guang; Xie, Yi

2018-03-01

Beyond the Einstein-Maxwell model, electromagnetic field might couple with gravitational field through the Weyl tensor. In order to provide one of the missing puzzles of the whole physical picture, we investigate weak deflection lensing for photons coupled to the Weyl tensor in a Schwarzschild black hole under a unified framework that is valid for its two possible polarizations. We obtain its coordinate-independent expressions for all observables of the geometric optics lensing up to the second order in the terms of ɛ which is the ratio of the angular gravitational radius to angular Einstein radius of the lens. These observables include bending angle, image position, magnification, centroid and time delay. The contributions of such a coupling on some astrophysical scenarios are also studied. We find that, in the cases of weak deflection lensing on a star orbiting the Galactic Center Sgr A*, Galactic microlensing on a star in the bulge and astrometric microlensing by a nearby object, these effects are beyond the current limits of technology. However, measuring the variation of the total flux of two weak deflection lensing images caused by the Sgr A* might be a promising way for testing such a coupling in the future.

The Weak Charge of the Proton. A Search For Physics Beyond the Standard Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

MacEwan, Scott J.

2015-05-01

The Q weak experiment, which completed running in May of 2012 at Jefferson Laboratory, has measured the parity-violating asymmetry in elastic electron-proton scattering at four-momentum transfer Q 2 =0.025 (GeV/c) 2 in order to provide the first direct measurement of the proton's weak charge, Q W p. The Standard Model makes firm predictions for the weak charge; deviations from the predicted value would provide strong evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model. Using an 89% polarized electron beam at 145 microA scattering from a 34.4 cm long liquid hydrogen target, scattered electrons were detected using an array of eightmore » fused-silica detectors placed symmetric about the beam axis. The parity-violating asymmetry was then measured by reversing the helicity of the incoming electrons and measuring the normalized difference in rate seen in the detectors. The low Q 2 enables a theoretically clean measurement; the higher-order hadronic corrections are constrained using previous parity-violating electron scattering world data. The experimental method will be discussed, with recent results constituting 4% of our total data and projections of our proposed uncertainties on the full data set.« less

Conductivity of molten sodium chloride in an arbitrarily weak dc electric field.

PubMed

Delhommelle, Jerome; Cummings, Peter T; Petravic, Janka

2005-09-15

We use nonequilibrium molecular-dynamics (NEMD) simulations to characterize the response of a fluid subjected to an electric field. We focus on the response for very weak fields. Fields accessible by conventional NEMD methods are typically of the order of 10(9) V m(-1), i.e., several orders of magnitude larger than those typically used in experiments. Using the transient time-correlation function, we show how NEMD simulations can be extended to study systems subjected to a realistic dc electric field. We then apply this approach to study the response of molten sodium chloride for a wide range of dc electric fields.

Weak characteristic information extraction from early fault of wind turbine generator gearbox

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Xiaoli; Liu, Xiuli

2017-09-01

Given the weak early degradation characteristic information during early fault evolution in gearbox of wind turbine generator, traditional singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising may result in loss of useful information. A weak characteristic information extraction based on μ-SVD and local mean decomposition (LMD) is developed to address this problem. The basic principle of the method is as follows: Determine the denoising order based on cumulative contribution rate, perform signal reconstruction, extract and subject the noisy part of signal to LMD and μ-SVD denoising, and obtain denoised signal through superposition. Experimental results show that this method can significantly weaken signal noise, effectively extract the weak characteristic information of early fault, and facilitate the early fault warning and dynamic predictive maintenance.

Exceptional point in a simple textbook example

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernández, Francisco M.

2018-07-01

We propose to introduce the concept of exceptional points in intermediate courses on mathematics and classical mechanics by means of simple textbook examples. The first one is an ordinary second-order differential equation with constant coefficients. The second one is the well-known damped harmonic oscillator. From a strict mathematical viewpoint both are the same problem that enables one to connect the occurrence of linearly dependent exponential solutions with a defective matrix which cannot be diagonalized but can be transformed into a Jordan canonical form.

HAL/S - The programming language for Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, F. H.

1974-01-01

HAL/S is a higher order language and system, now operational, adopted by NASA for programming Space Shuttle on-board software. Program reliability is enhanced through language clarity and readability, modularity through program structure, and protection of code and data. Salient features of HAL/S include output orientation, automatic checking (with strictly enforced compiler rules), the availability of linear algebra, real-time control, a statement-level simulator, and compiler transferability (for applying HAL/S to additional object and host computers). The compiler is described briefly.

Final Report: Identification and Manipulation of Novel Topological Phases

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-09

ps at TG and then exhibits a marked change in temperature dependence below TG [Fig. 4(d)]. A sharp rise in relaxation time at TN typically signifies...description, which predicts sharp first-order MITs like in V2O3.28 Although our measurements do not rule out gaps beginning to form in microscopically...Sr2IrO4 defies a strictMott-Hubbard description.We rule out the possibility of a disorder broadened TMIT in our samples based on their sharp magnetic

Staff Working Papers of the Drug Law Evaluation Project. A Companion Volume to the Final Report of the Joint Committee of New York Drug Law Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1978

The papers in this volume were prepared as part of an evaluation of the effects of the strict 1973 New York State drug laws. The first paper explores the effects of the laws on heroin use. It analyzes the trends of various indicators of heroin use in New York State over a period of several years. In order to isolate movements unique to New York,…

Modern high-strength steels for heavily loaded gearing (a review of engineering patents)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voronenko, B. I.

1996-08-01

In order to increase the service life of machines the life of their parts should be increased. For example, in machine tool and lifting-and-transport manufacture the maintenance cost of the equipment over the duration of its operation often exceeds the cost of the new equipment by a factor of 10-20. This imposes strict requirements on structural materials for heavily loaded gearings, including the development of high-strength, wear-resistant, manufacture-adaptable, and economically alloyed steels.

High-throughput state-machine replication using software transactional memory.

PubMed

Zhao, Wenbing; Yang, William; Zhang, Honglei; Yang, Jack; Luo, Xiong; Zhu, Yueqin; Yang, Mary; Luo, Chaomin

2016-11-01

State-machine replication is a common way of constructing general purpose fault tolerance systems. To ensure replica consistency, requests must be executed sequentially according to some total order at all non-faulty replicas. Unfortunately, this could severely limit the system throughput. This issue has been partially addressed by identifying non-conflicting requests based on application semantics and executing these requests concurrently. However, identifying and tracking non-conflicting requests require intimate knowledge of application design and implementation, and a custom fault tolerance solution developed for one application cannot be easily adopted by other applications. Software transactional memory offers a new way of constructing concurrent programs. In this article, we present the mechanisms needed to retrofit existing concurrency control algorithms designed for software transactional memory for state-machine replication. The main benefit for using software transactional memory in state-machine replication is that general purpose concurrency control mechanisms can be designed without deep knowledge of application semantics. As such, new fault tolerance systems based on state-machine replications with excellent throughput can be easily designed and maintained. In this article, we introduce three different concurrency control mechanisms for state-machine replication using software transactional memory, namely, ordered strong strict two-phase locking, conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control, and speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control. Our experiments show that speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control mechanism has the best performance in all types of workload, the conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control offers the worst performance due to high abort rate in the presence of even moderate contention between transactions. The ordered strong strict two-phase locking mechanism offers the simplest solution with excellent performance in low contention workload, and fairly good performance in high contention workload.

Learning from adaptive neural dynamic surface control of strict-feedback systems.

PubMed

Wang, Min; Wang, Cong

2015-06-01

Learning plays an essential role in autonomous control systems. However, how to achieve learning in the nonstationary environment for nonlinear systems is a challenging problem. In this paper, we present learning method for a class of n th-order strict-feedback systems by adaptive dynamic surface control (DSC) technology, which achieves the human-like ability of learning by doing and doing with learned knowledge. To achieve the learning, this paper first proposes stable adaptive DSC with auxiliary first-order filters, which ensures the boundedness of all the signals in the closed-loop system and the convergence of tracking errors in a finite time. With the help of DSC, the derivative of the filter output variable is used as the neural network (NN) input instead of traditional intermediate variables. As a result, the proposed adaptive DSC method reduces greatly the dimension of NN inputs, especially for high-order systems. After the stable DSC design, we decompose the stable closed-loop system into a series of linear time-varying perturbed subsystems. Using a recursive design, the recurrent property of NN input variables is easily verified since the complexity is overcome using DSC. Subsequently, the partial persistent excitation condition of the radial basis function NN is satisfied. By combining a state transformation, accurate approximations of the closed-loop system dynamics are recursively achieved in a local region along recurrent orbits. Then, the learning control method using the learned knowledge is proposed to achieve the closed-loop stability and the improved control performance. Simulation studies are performed to demonstrate the proposed scheme can not only reuse the learned knowledge to achieve the better control performance with the faster tracking convergence rate and the smaller tracking error but also greatly alleviate the computational burden because of reducing the number and complexity of NN input variables.

Quantifying the effect of air quality control measures during the 2010 Commonwealth Games at Delhi, India

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beig, Gufran; Chate, Dilip M.; Ghude, Sachin. D.; Mahajan, A. S.; Srinivas, R.; Ali, K.; Sahu, S. K.; Parkhi, N.; Surendran, D.; Trimbake, H. R.

2013-12-01

In 2010, the XIX Commonwealth Games (CWG-2010) were held in India for the first time at Delhi and involved 71 commonwealth nations and dependencies with more than 6000 athletes participating in 272 events. This was the largest international multi-sport event to be staged in India and strict emission controls were imposed during the games in order to ensure improved air quality for the participating athletes as a significant portion of the population in Delhi is regularly exposed to elevated levels of pollution. The air quality control measures ranged from vehicular and traffic controls to relocation of factories and reduction of power plant emissions. In order to understand the effects of these policy induced control measures, a network of air quality and weather monitoring stations was set-up across different areas in Delhi under the Government of India's System of Air quality Forecasting And Research (SAFAR) project. Simultaneous measurements of aerosols, reactive trace gases (e.g. NOx, O3, CO) and meteorological parameters were made before, during and after CWG-2010. Contrary to expectations, the emission controls implemented were not sufficient to reduce the pollutants, instead in some cases, causing an increase. The measured pollutants regularly exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality limits over the games period. The reasons for this increase are attributed to an underestimation of the required control measures, which resulted in inadequate planning. The results indicate that any future air quality control measures need to be well planned and strictly imposed in order to improve the air quality in Delhi, which affects a large population and is deteriorating rapidly. Thus, the presence of systematic high resolution data and realistic emission inventories through networks such as SAFAR will be directly useful for the future.

High-throughput state-machine replication using software transactional memory

PubMed Central

Yang, William; Zhang, Honglei; Yang, Jack; Luo, Xiong; Zhu, Yueqin; Yang, Mary; Luo, Chaomin

2017-01-01

State-machine replication is a common way of constructing general purpose fault tolerance systems. To ensure replica consistency, requests must be executed sequentially according to some total order at all non-faulty replicas. Unfortunately, this could severely limit the system throughput. This issue has been partially addressed by identifying non-conflicting requests based on application semantics and executing these requests concurrently. However, identifying and tracking non-conflicting requests require intimate knowledge of application design and implementation, and a custom fault tolerance solution developed for one application cannot be easily adopted by other applications. Software transactional memory offers a new way of constructing concurrent programs. In this article, we present the mechanisms needed to retrofit existing concurrency control algorithms designed for software transactional memory for state-machine replication. The main benefit for using software transactional memory in state-machine replication is that general purpose concurrency control mechanisms can be designed without deep knowledge of application semantics. As such, new fault tolerance systems based on state-machine replications with excellent throughput can be easily designed and maintained. In this article, we introduce three different concurrency control mechanisms for state-machine replication using software transactional memory, namely, ordered strong strict two-phase locking, conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control, and speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control. Our experiments show that speculative timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control mechanism has the best performance in all types of workload, the conventional timestamp-based multiversion concurrency control offers the worst performance due to high abort rate in the presence of even moderate contention between transactions. The ordered strong strict two-phase locking mechanism offers the simplest solution with excellent performance in low contention workload, and fairly good performance in high contention workload. PMID:29075049

7 CFR 28.431 - Strict Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Middling Tinged Color. 28.431 Section 28.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Tinged Color is color which is better than Middling Tinged Color. ...

7 CFR 28.431 - Strict Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Middling Tinged Color. 28.431 Section 28.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Tinged Color is color which is better than Middling Tinged Color. ...

7 CFR 28.431 - Strict Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Middling Tinged Color. 28.431 Section 28.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Tinged Color is color which is better than Middling Tinged Color. ...

7 CFR 28.431 - Strict Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Middling Tinged Color. 28.431 Section 28.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Tinged Color is color which is better than Middling Tinged Color. ...

7 CFR 28.431 - Strict Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Middling Tinged Color. 28.431 Section 28.431 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Tinged Color is color which is better than Middling Tinged Color. ...

Magnetic anisotropy in binuclear complexes in the weak-exchange limit: From the multispin to the giant-spin Hamiltonian

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maurice, Rémi; de Graaf, Coen; Guihéry, Nathalie

2010-06-01

This paper studies the physical basis of the giant-spin Hamiltonian, which is usually used to describe the anisotropy of single-molecule magnets. A rigorous extraction of the model has been performed in the weak-exchange limit of a binuclear centrosymmetric Ni(II) complex, using correlated ab initio calculations and effective Hamiltonian theory. It is shown that the giant-spin Hamiltonian is not appropriate to describe polynuclear complexes as soon as spin mixing becomes non-negligible. A relevant model is proposed involving fourth-order operators, different from the traditionally used Stevens operators. The new giant-spin Hamiltonian correctly reproduces the effects of the spin mixing in the weak-exchange limit. A procedure to switch on and off the spin mixing in the extraction has been implemented in order to separate this effect from other anisotropic effects and to numerically evaluate both contributions to the tunnel splitting. Furthermore, the new giant-spin Hamiltonian has been derived analytically from the multispin Hamiltonian at the second order of perturbation and the theoretical link between the two models is studied to gain understanding concerning the microscopic origin of the fourth-order interaction in terms of axial, rhombic, or mixed (axial-rhombic) character. Finally, an adequate method is proposed to extract the proper magnetic axes frame for polynuclear anisotropic systems.

High-resolution schemes for hyperbolic conservation laws

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harten, A.

1982-01-01

A class of new explicit second order accurate finite difference schemes for the computation of weak solutions of hyperbolic conservation laws is presented. These highly nonlinear schemes are obtained by applying a nonoscillatory first order accurae scheme to an appropriately modified flux function. The so derived second order accurate schemes achieve high resolution while preserving the robustness of the original nonoscillatory first order accurate scheme.

Gas chromatographic separation of fatty acid methyl esters on weakly polar capillary columns.

PubMed

Yamamoto, Kouhei; Kinoshita, Akemi; Shibahara, Akira

2008-02-22

It was found that weakly polar columns, routinely used in capillary GC for analyzing sterols, food additives, etc., can also be used for separating fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs). On these columns, FAMEs elute in the order of their unsaturation. The equivalent chain-length value of methyl 22:6 is below 23.00. This means FAMEs within a carbon chain length, having up to six double bonds, elute before the next (one carbon longer) saturated FAME elutes. Peak identification is easy. Weakly polar columns are compatible in both GC and GC/MS systems.

New Turaev braided group categories and weak (co)quasi-Turaev group coalgebras

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Xiaohui, E-mail: zxhhhhh@gmail.com; Wang, Shuanhong, E-mail: shuanhwang2002@yahoo.com

In order to construct a class of new braided crossed G-categories with nontrivial associativity and unit constraints, we study the G-graded monoidal category over a family of algebras (H{sub α}){sub α∈G} and introduce the notion of a weak (co)quasi-Turaev G-(co)algebra. Then we prove that the category of (co)representations of (co)quasitriangular weak (co)quasi-Turaev π-(co)algebras is exactly a braided crossed G-category. In fact, this (co)quasitriangular structure provides a solution to a generalized quantum Yang-Baxter type equation.

Born in weak fields: below-threshold photoelectron dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, J. B.; Saalmann, U.; Trinter, F.; Schöffler, M. S.; Weller, M.; Burzynski, P.; Goihl, C.; Henrichs, K.; Janke, C.; Griffin, B.; Kastirke, G.; Neff, J.; Pitzer, M.; Waitz, M.; Yang, Y.; Schiwietz, G.; Zeller, S.; Jahnke, T.; Dörner, R.

2017-02-01

We investigate the dynamics of ultra-low kinetic energy photoelectrons. Many experimental techniques employed for the detection of photoelectrons require the presence of (more or less) weak electric extraction fields in order to perform the measurement. Our studies show that ultra-low energy photoelectrons exhibit a characteristic shift in their apparent measured momentum when the target system is exposed to such static electric fields. Already fields as weak as 1 V cm-1 have an observable influence on the detected electron momentum. This apparent shift is demonstrated by an experiment on zero energy photoelectrons emitted from He and explained through theoretical model calculations.

Weak arrest-like and field-driven first order magnetic phase transitions of itinerant Fe3Ga4 revealed by magnetization and magnetoresistance isotherms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samatham, S. Shanmukharao; Suresh, K. G.

2017-01-01

The detailed magnetic study of complex 3d-electron based Fe3Ga4 is reported. It undergoes paramagnetic to antiferromagnetic (TN) and antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic (TC) transitions respectively around 380 and 70 K. The thermal hysteresis of field-cooled cooling (FCC) and field-cooled warming (FCW) hints at first order phase transition below Curie temperature. A weak phase coexistence of ferro and antiferromagnetic phases is suggested by exploring the arrest-like first-order phenomenon. In the intermediate temperature range, field-driven metamagnetic transition from antiferro to ferromagnetic phase is confirmed. Further bringing the system very near to TN, field-induced transitions disappear and above TN predominant paramagnetic contribution is evident. The magnetic H-T phase diagram distinguishing different magnetic phases of Fe3Ga4 is obtained.

7 CFR 28.424 - Strict Low Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Spotted Color. 28.424 Section 28.424 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.433 - Strict Low Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Tinged Color. 28.433 Section 28.433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Tinged Color. Strict Low Middling Tinged Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of...

7 CFR 28.433 - Strict Low Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Tinged Color. 28.433 Section 28.433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Tinged Color. Strict Low Middling Tinged Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of...

7 CFR 28.422 - Strict Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Middling Spotted Color. 28.422 Section 28.422 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples...

7 CFR 28.426 - Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color. 28.426 Section 28.426 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.426 - Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color. 28.426 Section 28.426 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.424 - Strict Low Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Spotted Color. 28.424 Section 28.424 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.424 - Strict Low Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Spotted Color. 28.424 Section 28.424 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.433 - Strict Low Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Tinged Color. 28.433 Section 28.433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Tinged Color. Strict Low Middling Tinged Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of...

7 CFR 28.426 - Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color. 28.426 Section 28.426 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.422 - Strict Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Middling Spotted Color. 28.422 Section 28.422 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples...

7 CFR 28.424 - Strict Low Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Spotted Color. 28.424 Section 28.424 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.422 - Strict Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Strict Middling Spotted Color. 28.422 Section 28.422 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples...

7 CFR 28.433 - Strict Low Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Tinged Color. 28.433 Section 28.433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Tinged Color. Strict Low Middling Tinged Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of...

7 CFR 28.426 - Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color. 28.426 Section 28.426 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.422 - Strict Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Strict Middling Spotted Color. 28.422 Section 28.422 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples...

7 CFR 28.433 - Strict Low Middling Tinged Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Tinged Color. 28.433 Section 28.433 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Tinged Color. Strict Low Middling Tinged Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of...

7 CFR 28.422 - Strict Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Middling Spotted Color. 28.422 Section 28.422 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Color. Strict Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set of samples...

7 CFR 28.426 - Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color. 28.426 Section 28.426 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Good Ordinary Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

7 CFR 28.424 - Strict Low Middling Spotted Color.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Strict Low Middling Spotted Color. 28.424 Section 28.424 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Spotted Color. Strict Low Middling Spotted Color is color which is within the range represented by a set...

Generalized Fourier analyses of the advection-diffusion equation - Part I: one-dimensional domains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christon, Mark A.; Martinez, Mario J.; Voth, Thomas E.

2004-07-01

This paper presents a detailed multi-methods comparison of the spatial errors associated with finite difference, finite element and finite volume semi-discretizations of the scalar advection-diffusion equation. The errors are reported in terms of non-dimensional phase and group speed, discrete diffusivity, artificial diffusivity, and grid-induced anisotropy. It is demonstrated that Fourier analysis provides an automatic process for separating the discrete advective operator into its symmetric and skew-symmetric components and characterizing the spectral behaviour of each operator. For each of the numerical methods considered, asymptotic truncation error and resolution estimates are presented for the limiting cases of pure advection and pure diffusion. It is demonstrated that streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin and its control-volume finite element analogue, the streamline upwind control-volume method, produce both an artificial diffusivity and a concomitant phase speed adjustment in addition to the usual semi-discrete artifacts observed in the phase speed, group speed and diffusivity. The Galerkin finite element method and its streamline upwind derivatives are shown to exhibit super-convergent behaviour in terms of phase and group speed when a consistent mass matrix is used in the formulation. In contrast, the CVFEM method and its streamline upwind derivatives yield strictly second-order behaviour. In Part II of this paper, we consider two-dimensional semi-discretizations of the advection-diffusion equation and also assess the affects of grid-induced anisotropy observed in the non-dimensional phase speed, and the discrete and artificial diffusivities. Although this work can only be considered a first step in a comprehensive multi-methods analysis and comparison, it serves to identify some of the relative strengths and weaknesses of multiple numerical methods in a common analysis framework. Published in 2004 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The role of personality traits in self-rated oral health and preferences for different types of flawed smiles.

PubMed

Montero, J; Gómez Polo, C; Rosel, E; Barrios, R; Albaladejo, A; López-Valverde, A

2016-01-01

Symmetric, aligned and luminous smiles are usually classified as 'beautiful' and aesthetic. However, smile perception is not strictly governed by standardised rules. Personal traits may influence the perception of non-ideal smiles. We aimed to determine the influence of personality traits in self-rated oral health and satisfaction and in the aesthetic preference for different strategically flawed smiles shown in photographs. Smiles with dark teeth, with uneven teeth, with lip asymmetry and dental asymmetry were ordered from 1 to 4 as a function of the degree of beauty by 548 participants, of which 50·7% were females with a mean age of 41·5 ± 17·6 years (range: 16-89 years). Self-assessment and oral satisfaction were recorded on a Likert scale. Personality was measured by means of the Big Five Inventory (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and openness), and the Life Orientation Test was used to measure optimism and pessimism. Of the four photographs with imperfect smiles, dental asymmetry was the most highly assessed in 63% of the sample, and the worst was lip asymmetry, in 43·7% of the sample. Some personality traits (above all conscientiousness and openness) were significantly correlated with the position assigned to the photographs with dental and lip asymmetry or with misaligned teeth. The extraversion, agreeableness and openness traits were correlated with the self-perceptions of oral health and aesthetics of the participants. Dental asymmetry seems to be better tolerated than lip asymmetry. Personality traits are weakly but significantly correlated with the aesthetic preference and oral health values, conscientiousness and openness being the most relevant domains in this sense. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Observational physics of mirror world

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khlopov, M. YA.; Beskin, G. M.; Bochkarev, N. E.; Pustilnik, L. A.; Pustilnik, S. A.

1989-01-01

The existence of the whole world of shadow particles, interacting with each other and having no mutual interactions with ordinary particles except gravity is a specific feature of modern superstring models, being considered as models of the theory of everything. The presence of shadow particles is the necessary condition in the superstring models, providing compensation of the asymmetry of left and right chirality states of ordinary particles. If compactification of additional dimensions retains the symmetry of left and right states, shadow world turns to be the mirror one, with particles and fields having properties strictly symmetrical to the ones of corresponding ordinary particles and fields. Owing to the strict symmetry of physical laws for ordinary and mirror particles, the analysis of cosmological evolution of mirror matter provides rather definite conclusions on possible effects of mirror particles in the universe. A general qualitative discussion of possible astronomical impact of mirror matter is given, in order to make as wide as possible astronomical observational searches for the effects of mirror world, being the unique way to test the existence of mirror partners of ordinary particles in the Nature.

Necessary conditions for the emergence of homochirality via autocatalytic self-replication

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stich, Michael; Ribó, Josep M.; Blackmond, Donna G., E-mail: blackmond@scripps.edu

We analyze a recent proposal for spontaneous mirror symmetry breaking based on the coupling of first-order enantioselective autocatalysis and direct production of the enantiomers that invokes a critical role for intrinsic reaction noise. For isolated systems, the racemic state is the unique stable outcome for both stochastic and deterministic dynamics when the system is in compliance with the constraints dictated by the thermodynamics of chemical reaction processes. In open systems, the racemic outcome also results for both stochastic and deterministic dynamics when driving the autocatalysis unidirectionally by external reagents. Nonracemic states can result in the latter only if the reversemore » reactions are strictly zero: these are kinetically controlled outcomes for small populations and volumes, and can be simulated by stochastic dynamics. However, the stability of the thermodynamic limit proves that the racemic outcome is the unique stable state for strictly irreversible externally driven autocatalysis. These findings contradict the suggestion that the inhibition requirement of the Frank autocatalytic model for the emergence of homochirality may be relaxed in a noise-induced mechanism.« less

Comparison of Body Dissatisfaction and Cosmetic Rhinoplasty with levels of Veil Practicing in Islamic Women

PubMed Central

Rastmanesh, Reza; Gluck, Marci E; Shadman, Zhaleh

2009-01-01

Objective The relationship between Islamic veiling, body dissatisfaction and desire for cosmetic rhinoplasty (CR) has not been studied. We therefore compared body dissatisfaction (BD), depression, self-esteem, and prevalence and desire to have CR in 1771 Iranian females. Method A battery of questionnaires was administered and participants were categorized into three groups of Islamic veil practicing: voluntarily and ideologically (IVP), non-complete (NCIVP) and Inconsiderate (IIVP). Results Despite a similar BMI, the IVP group scored significantly lower on BD, prevalence of dieting and exercising in order to be sexually appealing, and depression, higher on self-esteem, and had a lower desire for a CR than the two other groups. Prevalence of CR was significantly higher in the IIVP group than the other groups. Conclusions Women who practiced more strict Islamic veiling techniques had increased body satisfaction and self esteem, and decreased depression scores and desire for CR. Consistent with other studies, our findings show that observance of a strict religious practice has a protective effect on psychological health. PMID:19115373

Strong photon antibunching in weakly nonlinear two-dimensional exciton-polaritons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryou, Albert; Rosser, David; Saxena, Abhi; Fryett, Taylor; Majumdar, Arka

2018-06-01

A deterministic and scalable array of single photon nonlinearities in the solid state holds great potential for both fundamental physics and technological applications, but its realization has proved extremely challenging. Despite significant advances, leading candidates such as quantum dots and group III-V quantum wells have yet to overcome their respective bottlenecks in random positioning and weak nonlinearity. Here we consider a hybrid light-matter platform, marrying an atomically thin two-dimensional material to a photonic crystal cavity, and analyze its second-order coherence function. We identify several mechanisms for photon antibunching under different system parameters, including one characterized by large dissipation and weak nonlinearity. Finally, we show that by patterning the two-dimensional material into different sizes, we can drive our system dynamics from a coherent state into a regime of strong antibunching with second-order coherence function g(2 )(0 ) ˜10-3 , opening a possible route to scalable, on-chip quantum simulations with correlated photons.

Weak-noise limit of a piecewise-smooth stochastic differential equation.

PubMed

Chen, Yaming; Baule, Adrian; Touchette, Hugo; Just, Wolfram

2013-11-01

We investigate the validity and accuracy of weak-noise (saddle-point or instanton) approximations for piecewise-smooth stochastic differential equations (SDEs), taking as an illustrative example a piecewise-constant SDE, which serves as a simple model of Brownian motion with solid friction. For this model, we show that the weak-noise approximation of the path integral correctly reproduces the known propagator of the SDE at lowest order in the noise power, as well as the main features of the exact propagator with higher-order corrections, provided the singularity of the path integral associated with the nonsmooth SDE is treated with some heuristics. We also show that, as in the case of smooth SDEs, the deterministic paths of the noiseless system correctly describe the behavior of the nonsmooth SDE in the low-noise limit. Finally, we consider a smooth regularization of the piecewise-constant SDE and study to what extent this regularization can rectify some of the problems encountered when dealing with discontinuous drifts and singularities in SDEs.

Selection of different reaction channels in 6Li induced fusion reaction by a powerful combination of a charged particle array and a high-resolution gamma spectrometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, G. X.; Hu, S. P.; Zhang, G. L.; Zhang, H. Q.; Yao, Y. J.; Huang, Z.; Wang, M. L.; Sun, H. B.; Valiente-Dobòn, J. J.; Testov, D.; Goasduff, A.; John, P. R.; Siciliano, M.; Galtarosa, F.; Francesco, R.; Mengoni, D.; Bazzacco, D.; Li, E. T.; Hao, X.

2018-05-01

Investigation of the breakup and transfer effect of weakly bound nuclei on the fusion process has been an interesting research topic in the past several years. In comparison with radioactive ion beam (RIB), the beam intensities of stable weakly bound nuclei such as 6,7Li and 9Be, which have significant breakup probability, are orders of magnitude higher. Precise fusion measurements induced by these nuclei have already been performed. However, the conclusion of reaction dynamics was not clear and has contradiction. In order to have a proper understanding of the influence of breakup and transfer of weakly bound projectiles on the fusion process, the 6Li+89Y experiment with incident energies of 22 MeV and 34 MeV was performed on Galileo array in combination with Si-ball EUCLIDES at Legnaro National Laboratory (LNL) in Italy. Using the coincidence by the charged particles and γ-rays, the different reaction channels can be clearly identified.

Weighted interior penalty discretization of fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive free surface shallow water flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Di Pietro, Daniele A.; Marche, Fabien

2018-02-01

In this paper, we further investigate the use of a fully discontinuous Finite Element discrete formulation for the study of shallow water free surface flows in the fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive flow regime. We consider a decoupling strategy in which we approximate the solutions of the classical shallow water equations supplemented with a source term globally accounting for the non-hydrostatic effects. This source term can be computed through the resolution of elliptic second-order linear sub-problems, which only involve second order partial derivatives in space. We then introduce an associated Symmetric Weighted Internal Penalty discrete bilinear form, allowing to deal with the discontinuous nature of the elliptic problem's coefficients in a stable and consistent way. Similar discrete formulations are also introduced for several recent optimized fully nonlinear and weakly dispersive models. These formulations are validated again several benchmarks involving h-convergence, p-convergence and comparisons with experimental data, showing optimal convergence properties.

Second Order Boltzmann-Gibbs Principle for Polynomial Functions and Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gonçalves, Patrícia; Jara, Milton; Simon, Marielle

2017-01-01

In this paper we give a new proof of the second order Boltzmann-Gibbs principle introduced in Gonçalves and Jara (Arch Ration Mech Anal 212(2):597-644, 2014). The proof does not impose the knowledge on the spectral gap inequality for the underlying model and it relies on a proper decomposition of the antisymmetric part of the current of the system in terms of polynomial functions. In addition, we fully derive the convergence of the equilibrium fluctuations towards (1) a trivial process in case of super-diffusive systems, (2) an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process or the unique energy solution of the stochastic Burgers equation, as defined in Gubinelli and Jara (SPDEs Anal Comput (1):325-350, 2013) and Gubinelli and Perkowski (Arxiv:1508.07764, 2015), in case of weakly asymmetric diffusive systems. Examples and applications are presented for weakly and partial asymmetric exclusion processes, weakly asymmetric speed change exclusion processes and hamiltonian systems with exponential interactions.

Weak signal amplification and detection by higher-order sensory neurons

PubMed Central

Longtin, Andre; Maler, Leonard

2016-01-01

Sensory systems must extract behaviorally relevant information and therefore often exhibit a very high sensitivity. How the nervous system reaches such high sensitivity levels is an outstanding question in neuroscience. Weakly electric fish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus/albifrons) are an excellent model system to address this question because detailed background knowledge is available regarding their behavioral performance and its underlying neuronal substrate. Apteronotus use their electrosense to detect prey objects. Therefore, they must be able to detect electrical signals as low as 1 μV while using a sensory integration time of <200 ms. How these very weak signals are extracted and amplified by the nervous system is not yet understood. We studied the responses of cells in the early sensory processing areas, namely, the electroreceptor afferents (EAs) and pyramidal cells (PCs) of the electrosensory lobe (ELL), the first-order electrosensory processing area. In agreement with previous work we found that EAs cannot encode very weak signals with a spike count code. However, PCs can encode prey mimic signals by their firing rate, revealing a huge signal amplification between EAs and PCs and also suggesting differences in their stimulus encoding properties. Using a simple leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model we predict that the target neurons of PCs in the midbrain torus semicircularis (TS) are able to detect very weak signals. In particular, TS neurons could do so by assuming biologically plausible convergence rates as well as very simple decoding strategies such as temporal integration, threshold crossing, and combining the inputs of PCs. PMID:26843601

Ordering nanoparticles with polymer brushes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Shengfeng; Stevens, Mark J.; Grest, Gary S.

2017-12-01

Ordering nanoparticles into a desired super-structure is often crucial for their technological applications. We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the assembly of nanoparticles in a polymer brush randomly grafted to a planar surface as the solvent evaporates. Initially, the nanoparticles are dispersed in a solvent that wets the polymer brush. After the solvent evaporates, the nanoparticles are either inside the brush or adsorbed at the surface of the brush, depending on the strength of the nanoparticle-polymer interaction. For strong nanoparticle-polymer interactions, a 2-dimensional ordered array is only formed when the brush density is finely tuned to accommodate a single layer of nanoparticles. When the brush density is higher or lower than this optimal value, the distribution of nanoparticles shows large fluctuations in space and the packing order diminishes. For weak nanoparticle-polymer interactions, the nanoparticles order into a hexagonal array on top of the polymer brush as long as the grafting density is high enough to yield a dense brush. An interesting healing effect is observed for a low-grafting-density polymer brush that can become more uniform in the presence of weakly adsorbed nanoparticles.

Mail-order trade in medicines in Europe--a guide for legislators to protect consumers.

PubMed

Seeberg-Elverfeldt, Niels J

2009-12-01

This article discusses mail-order trade in medicines. It explains why this trade has developed and why there is a need for strict safety standards. The European Court of Justice obliged member states to allow such trade in non prescription medicines but did not specify any safety standards. The 2007 resolution of the Council of Europe lays these down precisely. An analysis of the legal situation in the 30 E.U. and E.E.A. states shows that they increasingly permit this trade. However, there are considerable deficits as regards the necessary safety standards. To protect consumers from illegal medicine sales via the internet, they should be able to easily identify legal products online. Legislators should act accordingly.

Continuous Flow in Labour-Intensive Manufacturing Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pacheco Eng., Jhonny; Carbajal MSc., Eduardo; Stoll-Ing., Cesar, Dr.

2017-06-01

A continuous-flow manufacturing represents the peak of standard production, and usually it means high production in a strict line production. Furthermore, low-tech industry demands high labour-intensive, in this context the efficient of the line production is tied at the job shop organization. Labour-intensive manufacturing processes are a common characteristic for developing countries. This research aims to propose a methodology for production planning in order to fulfilment a variable monthly production quota. The main idea is to use a clock as orchestra director in order to synchronize the rate time (takt time) of customer demand with the manufacturing time. In this way, the study is able to propose a stark reduction of stock in process, over-processing, and unnecessary variability.

Phase diagram of the underdoped cuprates at high magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, Debmalya; Morice, Corentin; Pépin, Catherine

2018-06-01

The experimentally measured phase diagram of cuprate superconductors in the temperature-applied magnetic field plane illuminates key issues in understanding the physics of these materials. At low temperature, the superconducting state gives way to a long-range charge order with increasing magnetic field; both the orders coexist in a small intermediate region. The charge order transition is strikingly insensitive to temperature and quickly reaches a transition temperature close to the zero-field superconducting Tc. We argue that such a transition along with the presence of the coexisting phase is difficult to obtain in a weak coupling competing orders formalism. We demonstrate that for some range of parameters there is an enlarged symmetry of the strongly coupled charge and superconducting orders in the system depending on their relative masses and the coupling strength of the two orders. We establish that this sharp switch from the superconducting phase to the charge order phase can be understood in the framework of a composite SU(2) order parameter comprising the charge and superconducting orders. Finally, we illustrate that there is a possibility of the coexisting phase of the competing charge and superconducting orders only when the SU(2) symmetry between them is weakly broken due to biquadratic terms in the free energy. The relation of this sharp transition to the proximity to the pseudogap quantum critical doping is also discussed.

Inclusive neutrino scattering off the deuteron at low energies in chiral effective field theory

DOE PAGES

Baroni, A.; Schiavilla, R.

2017-07-19

Cross sections for inclusive neutrino scattering off deuteron induced by neutral and charge-changing weak currents are calculated from threshold up to 150 MeV energies in a chiral effective field theory including high orders in the power counting. The contributions beyond leading order (LO) in the weak current are found to be small, and increase the cross sections obtained with the LO transition operators by a couple of percent over the whole energy range (0--150) MeV. Furthermore, the cutoff dependence is negligible, and the predicted cross sections are within ~2% of, albeit consistently larger than, corresponding predictions obtained in conventional meson-exchangemore » frameworks.« less

From dissipative dynamics to studies of heat transfer at the nanoscale: analysis of the spin-boson model.

PubMed

Boudjada, Nazim; Segal, Dvira

2014-11-26

We study in a unified manner the dissipative dynamics and the transfer of heat in the two-bath spin-boson model. We use the Bloch-Redfield (BR) formalism, valid in the very weak system-bath coupling limit, the noninteracting-blip approximation (NIBA), applicable in the nonadiabatic limit, and iterative, numerically exact path integral tools. These methodologies were originally developed for the description of the dissipative dynamics of a quantum system, and here they are applied to explore the problem of quantum energy transport in a nonequilibrium setting. Specifically, we study the weak-to-intermediate system-bath coupling regime at high temperatures kBT/ħ > ε, with ε as the characteristic frequency of the two-state system. The BR formalism and NIBA can lead to close results for the dynamics of the reduced density matrix (RDM) in a certain range of parameters. However, relatively small deviations in the RDM dynamics propagate into significant qualitative discrepancies in the transport behavior. Similarly, beyond the strict nonadiabatic limit NIBA's prediction for the heat current is qualitatively incorrect: It fails to capture the turnover behavior of the current with tunneling energy and temperature. Thus, techniques that proved meaningful for describing the RDM dynamics, to some extent even beyond their rigorous range of validity, should be used with great caution in heat transfer calculations, because qualitative-serious failures develop once parameters are mildly stretched beyond the techniques' working assumptions.

Aspects and Some Results on Passivity and Positivity of Dynamic Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De la Sen, M.

2017-12-01

This paper is devoted to discuss certain aspects of passivity results in dynamic systems and the characterization of the regenerative systems counterparts. In particular, the various concepts of passivity as standard passivity, strict input passivity, strict output passivity and very strict passivity (i.e. joint strict input and output passivity) are given and related to the existence of a storage function and a dissipation function. Later on, the obtained results are related to external positivity of systems and positivity or strict positivity of the transfer matrices and transfer functions in the time-invariant case. On the other hand, it is discussed how to achieve or how eventually to increase the passivity effects via linear feedback by the synthesis of the appropriate feed-forward or feedback controllers or, simply, by adding a positive parallel direct input-output matrix interconnection gain.

Reconsidering Planning and Management of Medical Devices Procurement in Public Health Services in Cyprus.

PubMed

Theodorou, Mamas; Georgiou, Marina; Nikolentzos, Athanasios; Bellali, Thalia

2015-04-19

Hospital procurement is a crucial field for any health care system, not only for economic reasons but also for reasons related to the quality and safety of the services provided. That is why the process of procurement is, in most countries, governed by a strict legal framework and policy mechanisms. This study investigates the problems and inefficiencies associated with the procurement of medical devices in public hospitals in Cyprus and formulates empirically documented proposals for improvement. Using the Delphi method, a group of 38 experts approach the procurement system in Cyprus from different angles, achieving high rates of consensus on 35 different statements on the weaknesses and problems of the current medical device procurement system, as well as presenting proposals and recommendations for improvement. The findings are highly valuable for future policy initiatives in Cyprus in the light of the economic crisis and the expected implementation of the new General Health Insurance System (GeSY), which the Government of the Republic of Cyprus and the Troika has agreed.

Repetitive strain disorder: towards diagnostic criteria.

PubMed Central

Bird, H A; Hill, J

1992-01-01

Thirteen women (mean age 48.2 years; range 25-60 years) all of whom had developed musculoskeletal symptoms during employment in an industrial job with repetitive tasks were referred by their trade unions for adjudication on the cause of symptoms. One had rheumatoid arthritis. A study of the other 12 women provided an opportunity to document the natural history of repetitive strain disorder. Early symptoms of weakness were diffuse but were always relieved by rest. Several months later localisation of symptoms at a tendon, nerve, or enthesis could be predicted from the analysis of the action required in the particular repetitive task. Six of the 12 women required an operation several years later, thus providing histological confirmation of the presence of a lesion. Early loss of grip strength measured by a sphygmomanometer cuff compared with an unaffected control subject and improved by rest may be the most valuable sign in excluding compensation neurosis. The estimated prevalence of repetitive strain disorder defined by these strict criteria was at least 2% in conveyor belt workers. PMID:1417124

Deficiency of ''Thin'' Stellar Bars in Seyfert Host Galaxies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shlosman, Isaac; Peletier, Reynier F.; Knapen, Johan

1999-01-01

Using all available major samples of Seyfert galaxies and their corresponding control samples of closely matched non-active galaxies, we find that the bar ellipticities (or axial ratios) in Seyfert galaxies are systematically different from those in non-active galaxies. Overall, there is a deficiency of bars with large ellipticities (i.e., 'fat' or 'weak' bars) in Seyferts, compared to non-active galaxies. Accompanied with a large dispersion due to small number statistics, this effect is strictly speaking at the 2 sigma level. To obtain this result, the active galaxy samples of near-infrared surface photometry were matched to those of normal galaxies in type, host galaxy ellipticity, absolute magnitude, and, to some extent, in redshift. We discuss possible theoretical explanations of this phenomenon within the framework of galactic evolution, and, in particular, of radial gas redistribution in barred galaxies. Our conclusions provide further evidence that Seyfert hosts differ systematically from their non-active counterparts on scales of a few kpc.

Assessing upper limb function in nonambulant SMA patients: development of a new module.

PubMed

Mazzone, Elena; Bianco, Flaviana; Martinelli, Diego; Glanzman, Allan M; Messina, Sonia; De Sanctis, Roberto; Main, Marion; Eagle, Michelle; Florence, Julaine; Krosschell, Kristin; Vasco, Gessica; Pelliccioni, Marco; Lombardo, Marilena; Pane, Marika; Finkel, Richard; Muntoni, Francesco; Bertini, Enrico; Mercuri, Eugenio

2011-06-01

We report the development of a module specifically designed for assessing upper limb function in nonambulant SMA patients, including young children and those with severe contractures. The application of the module to a preschool cohort of 40 children (age 30-48 months) showed that all the items could be completed by 30 months. The module was also used in 45 nonambulant SMA patients (age 30 months to 27 years). Their scores were more variable than in the preschool cohort, ranging from 0 to 18. The magnitude of scores was not related to age (r=-0.19). The upper limb scores had a good correlation with the Hammersmith Functional Motor Scale, r=0.75, but the upper limb function did not always strictly follow the overall gross motor function. These findings suggest that even some of the very weak nonambulant children possess upper limb skills that can be measured. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hsp90 dependence of a kinase is determined by its conformational landscape

PubMed Central

Luo, Qi; Boczek, Edgar E.; Wang, Qi; Buchner, Johannes; Kaila, Ville R. I.

2017-01-01

Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) is an abundant molecular chaperone, involved in the folding and activation of 60% of the human kinome. The oncogenic tyrosine kinase v-Src is one of the most stringent client proteins of Hsp90, whereas its almost identical homolog c-Src is only weakly affected by the chaperone. Here, we perform atomistic molecular simulations and in vitro kinase assays to explore the mechanistic differences in the activation of v-Src and c-Src. While activation in c-Src is strictly controlled by ATP-binding and phosphorylation, we find that activating conformational transitions are spontaneously sampled in Hsp90-dependent Src mutants. Phosphorylation results in an enrichment of the active conformation and in an increased affinity for Hsp90. Thus, the conformational landscape of the mutated kinase is reshaped by a broken “control switch”, resulting in perturbations of long-range electrostatics, higher activity and increased Hsp90-dependence. PMID:28290541

Scalable service architecture for providing strong service guarantees

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christin, Nicolas; Liebeherr, Joerg

2002-07-01

For the past decade, a lot of Internet research has been devoted to providing different levels of service to applications. Initial proposals for service differentiation provided strong service guarantees, with strict bounds on delays, loss rates, and throughput, but required high overhead in terms of computational complexity and memory, both of which raise scalability concerns. Recently, the interest has shifted to service architectures with low overhead. However, these newer service architectures only provide weak service guarantees, which do not always address the needs of applications. In this paper, we describe a service architecture that supports strong service guarantees, can be implemented with low computational complexity, and only requires to maintain little state information. A key mechanism of the proposed service architecture is that it addresses scheduling and buffer management in a single algorithm. The presented architecture offers no solution for controlling the amount of traffic that enters the network. Instead, we plan on exploiting feedback mechanisms of TCP congestion control algorithms for the purpose of regulating the traffic entering the network.

Children's Somatization Inventory: Psychometric Properties of the Revised Form (CSI-24)

PubMed Central

Beck, Joy E.; Garber, Judy; Lambert, Warren

2009-01-01

Objective To conduct a multimethod psychometric evaluation to refine the Children's Somatization Inventory (CSI) and to investigate its dimensionality. Method The CSI was administered to 876 pediatric patients with chronic abdominal pain at their initial visit to a pediatric gastroenterology clinic. Tools from three psychometric models identified items that most effectively measured the construct of somatization and examined its dimensionality. Results Eleven statistically weak items were identified and removed, creating a 24-item CSI (CSI-24). The CSI-24 showed good psychometrics according to the three measurement models and correlated.99 with the original CSI. The CSI-24 has one dominant general factor but is not strictly unidimensional. Conclusions The CSI-24 is a reliable and psychometrically sound refinement of the original CSI. Findings are consistent with the view that somatization has a strong general factor that represents a continuum of symptom reporting, as well as minor components that represent specific symptom clusters in youth with chronic abdominal pain. PMID:18782857

A critique of the naturalistic fallacy thesis.

PubMed

Tullberg, Jan; Tullberg, Birgitta S

2001-09-01

If the prescriptive "ought" is separated from the factual "is," an intellectual analysis of the real world is by definition without normative value. The naturalistic fallacy thesis -- maintaining that normative and descriptive spheres must remain separated -- is often presented in a weak sense that seems reasonable. However, only in a strong sense -- by strictly separating facts and values -- are fallacy accusations supported. We claim that this naturalistic fallacy thesis is unsound and that normative statements instead should be based on rational understanding as found in the Darwinian and social sciences. The Cartesian compromise should be abandoned, since only naturalism can provide a cogent framework for better understanding and support ethics with a solid foundation. Many people nurture values based on tradition, whim, subgroup identification etc., and they demand respect for those values. However, we can demand respect for values only when they have a rational foundation. The common belief in the thesis of naturalistic fallacy is an anti-intellectual device that shields values from rational inquiry.

Prevalence and clinical significance of left bundle branch block according to classical or strict definition criteria in permanent pacemaker patients.

PubMed

Mazza, Andrea; Bendini, Maria Grazia; De Cristofaro, Raffaele; Lovecchio, Mariolina; Valsecchi, Sergio; Leggio, Massimo; Boriani, Giuseppe

2017-06-01

Previous studies have shown that the presence of left bundle branch block (LBBB) is associated with an increased risk of cardiac mortality and heart failure (HF). Recently, new criteria to define strict LBBB have been proposed: QRS duration ≥140 ms for men and ≥130 ms for women, along with mid-QRS notching or slurring in ≥2 contiguous leads. We assessed the prevalence and prognostic significance of LBBB according to classical (QRS duration ≥120ms) and strict criteria in permanent pacemaker patients. We retrospectively enrolled 723 consecutive patients who had undergone single- or dual-chamber pacemaker implantation at the study center from July 2002 to December 2014. Patients with a left ventricular ejection fraction ≤35% or a prior diagnosis of HF were excluded. LBBB was reported in 54 (7%) patients, and strict-LBBB in 15 (2%) patients. During a median follow-up of 48 months (range, 18-92 months), 147 (20%) patients reached the combined endpoint of death or HF hospitalization. Patients with LBBB and those with strict-LBBB displayed significantly higher rates of death or HF hospitalization (log-rank test, all P < 0.0001). In particular, strict-LBBB was associated with the worst outcome. The presence of LBBB according to classical definition criteria (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.98, confidence interval [CI]: 1.23-3.19, P = 0.005) and to strict criteria (HR = 2.20; CI: 1.04-4.65; P = 0.039) were both confirmed as independent predictors of death or HF hospitalization after adjustment for relevant clinical covariates. Among patients who had undergone standard pacemaker implantation, the prevalence of LBBB was 7% according to classical definition criteria and 2% according to strict criteria. The presence of LBBB, and particularly of strict-LBBB, at the baseline predicted a poor outcome in terms of death or HF hospitalization. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Construction of Weak and Strong Similarity Measures for Ordered Sets of Documents Using Fuzzy Set Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Egghe, L.; Michel, C.

2003-01-01

Ordered sets (OS) of documents are encountered more and more in information distribution systems, such as information retrieval systems. Classical similarity measures for ordinary sets of documents need to be extended to these ordered sets. This is done in this article using fuzzy set techniques. The practical usability of the OS-measures is…

A new weak Galerkin finite element method for elliptic interface problems

DOE PAGES

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu; ...

2016-08-26

We introduce and analyze a new weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method in this paper for solving second order elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients and interfaces. Comparing with the existing WG algorithm for solving the same type problems, the present WG method has a simpler variational formulation and fewer unknowns. Moreover, the new WG algorithm allows the use of finite element partitions consisting of general polytopal meshes and can be easily generalized to high orders. Optimal order error estimates in both H1 and L2 norms are established for the present WG finite element solutions. We conducted extensive numerical experiments inmore » order to examine the accuracy, flexibility, and robustness of the proposed WG interface approach. In solving regular elliptic interface problems, high order convergences are numerically confirmed by using piecewise polynomial basis functions of high degrees. Moreover, the WG method is shown to be able to accommodate very complicated interfaces, due to its flexibility in choosing finite element partitions. Finally, in dealing with challenging problems with low regularities, the piecewise linear WG method is capable of delivering a second order of accuracy in L∞ norm for both C1 and H2 continuous solutions.« less

A new weak Galerkin finite element method for elliptic interface problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mu, Lin; Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu

We introduce and analyze a new weak Galerkin (WG) finite element method in this paper for solving second order elliptic equations with discontinuous coefficients and interfaces. Comparing with the existing WG algorithm for solving the same type problems, the present WG method has a simpler variational formulation and fewer unknowns. Moreover, the new WG algorithm allows the use of finite element partitions consisting of general polytopal meshes and can be easily generalized to high orders. Optimal order error estimates in both H1 and L2 norms are established for the present WG finite element solutions. We conducted extensive numerical experiments inmore » order to examine the accuracy, flexibility, and robustness of the proposed WG interface approach. In solving regular elliptic interface problems, high order convergences are numerically confirmed by using piecewise polynomial basis functions of high degrees. Moreover, the WG method is shown to be able to accommodate very complicated interfaces, due to its flexibility in choosing finite element partitions. Finally, in dealing with challenging problems with low regularities, the piecewise linear WG method is capable of delivering a second order of accuracy in L∞ norm for both C1 and H2 continuous solutions.« less

Second-order accurate nonoscillatory schemes for scalar conservation laws

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huynh, Hung T.

1989-01-01

Explicit finite difference schemes for the computation of weak solutions of nonlinear scalar conservation laws is presented and analyzed. These schemes are uniformly second-order accurate and nonoscillatory in the sense that the number of extrema of the discrete solution is not increasing in time.

Plant use in the medicinal practices known as "strict diets" in Chazuta valley (Peruvian Amazon).

PubMed

Sanz-Biset, Jaume; Cañigueral, Salvador

2011-09-01

Strict diets are traditional medicinal practices where plant remedies are consumed with nearly fasting and with some sort of social seclusion. The aim of this work was to describe these practices of Chazuta and the use of plants within, as well as to analyse the possible functions of the last. The information was obtained through interviews to the 6.3% of the district rural adult population (140 individuals, 75% of which was considered Quechua). In total, 122 strict diets were recorded and 106 different plant species were reported to be used. Strict diets present a characteristic structure and plant use. The main effects reported in strict diets were antinflammatory, antiinfective, brain function alteration and depuration. Strict diets are well structured traditional medicinal practices, also with a symbolic significance in the life cycle of chazutian men. Plants used in strict diets can contribute to the main effects through antinflammation, antiinfective actions, psychoactivity and depurative related activities. The correlation between literature evidence of activity of most used plants and effects reported for the correspondent diet (i.e. in which the plant was used) are 36% for antinflammatory activity, 29% for antimicrobial activity, 18% for psychoactivity and 5% for depurative related activities. The percentages go to 77%, 64%, 73% and 32%, respectively, when literature evidences on related taxa are also considered. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantitative evaluation of first-order retardation corrections to the quarkonium spectrum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brambilla, N.; Prosperi, G.M.

1992-08-01

We evaluate numerically first-order retardation corrections for some charmonium and bottomonium masses under the usual assumption of a Bethe-Salpeter purely scalar confinement kernel. The result depends strictly on the use of an additional effective potential to express the corrections (rather than to resort to Kato perturbation theory) and on an appropriate regularization prescription. The kernel has been chosen in order to reproduce in the instantaneous approximation a semirelativistic potential suggested by the Wilson loop method. The calculations are performed for two sets of parameters determined by fits in potential theory. The corrections turn out to be typically of the ordermore » of a few hundred MeV and depend on an additional scale parameter introduced in the regularization. A conjecture existing in the literature on the origin of the constant term in the potential is also discussed.« less

The County Council of the Order of Physicians in Ille et Vilaine (France) during the Second World War.

PubMed

Gentili, Marc E

2013-06-01

Initially, the examination of the archives from the Ille et Vilaine Council of the College of Physicians was based solely on the findings of Dr. George from Rennes who had helped Jews during the Occupation. Gradually I perceived that the quality of available documents permitted writing this article to show a contrasting view of this dark period in our history. This work aimed to analyze the role of the County Council (CC) of Ille et Vilaine through minutes of their meetings and to compare, year by year, directives and circulars from the Supreme Council of the Order of Physicians (SCO) sent to CC at this period. We will observe see that between the institution, acting by strictly following the orders from the "French State", and the county councils, for some at least, there was a gap that men of good will knew not to cross.

[Fitness, disability and mobbing].

PubMed

Magnavita, N; Bosco, M G; Ranalletta, D; Salerno, S

2006-01-01

Workers with handicap or psychological impairment are frequently submitted to mobbing. If causative factors of psychological disorders are not recognized, the physician charged of medical surveillance of workers may himself become a prosecutor and enhance the mobbing actions to the extent that the mobbed worker is discharged. In order to avoid this undue effect, the physician should strictly adhere to the body of legislation and to good occupational medicine practices. Health surveillance for occupationally exposed groups of workers is required under specific health and safety legislation. Workers unexposed to hazard in the workplace cannot be included in health surveillance programme, and declaring these workers unfit for their job is a patent violation of Workers' Statute Law. Psychological disorders should be carefully evaluated in order to clarify their relationship with work. The case of a worker affected with schizophrenia, already reported in the literature, is here re-analysed in order to emphasize these concepts.

"They're gonna explain to us what makes a cube a cube?" Geometrical properties as contingent achievement of sequentially ordered child-centered mathematics lessons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roth, Wolff-Michael; Gardener, Rod

2012-09-01

In mathematics education, there is a continuing debate about the nature of mathematics, which some claim to be an objective science, whereas others note its socially and individually constructed nature. From a strict cultural-historical perspective, the objective and subjective sides of mathematics are but manifestations of a higher-order phenomenon that may be summarized by the aphorism that mind is in society to the extent that society is in the mind. In this study, we show, drawing on exemplifying materials from a second-grade unit on three-dimensional geometry, how mathematics manifests itself both as objective science all the while being subjectively produced. A particular three-turn interactional sequence comes to play a central role. We conclude by re-assigning a positive role to a much-maligned sequentially ordered conversational routine.

Transfer function verification and block diagram simplification of a very high-order distributed pole closed-loop servo by means of non-linear time-response simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mukhopadhyay, A. K.

1975-01-01

Linear frequency domain methods are inadequate in analyzing the 1975 Viking Orbiter (VO75) digital tape recorder servo due to dominant nonlinear effects such as servo signal limiting, unidirectional servo control, and static/dynamic Coulomb friction. The frequency loop (speed control) servo of the VO75 tape recorder is used to illustrate the analytical tools and methodology of system redundancy elimination and high order transfer function verification. The paper compares time-domain performance parameters derived from a series of nonlinear time responses with the available experimental data in order to select the best possible analytical transfer function representation of the tape transport (mechanical segment of the tape recorder) from several possible candidates. The study also shows how an analytical time-response simulation taking into account most system nonlinearities can pinpoint system redundancy and overdesign stemming from a strictly empirical design approach. System order reduction is achieved through truncation of individual transfer functions and elimination of redundant blocks.

Gravitational Lensing Corrections in Flat ΛCDM Cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kantowski, Ronald; Chen, Bin; Dai, Xinyu

2010-08-01

We compute the deflection angle to order (m/r 0)2 and m/r 0 × Λr 2 0 for a light ray traveling in a flat ΛCDM cosmology that encounters a completely condensed mass region. We use a Swiss cheese model for the inhomogeneities and find that the most significant correction to the Einstein angle occurs not because of the nonlinear terms but instead occurs because the condensed mass is embedded in a background cosmology. The Swiss cheese model predicts a decrease in the deflection angle of ~2% for weakly lensed galaxies behind the rich cluster A1689 and that the reduction can be as large as ~5% for similar rich clusters at z ≈ 1. Weak-lensing deflection angles caused by galaxies can likewise be reduced by as much as ~4%. We show that the lowest order correction in which Λ appears is proportional to m/r_0× √{Λ r_0^2}}} and could cause as much as a ~0.02% increase in the deflection angle for light that passes through a rich cluster. The lowest order nonlinear correction in the mass is proportional to m/r_0× √{m/r_0} and can increase the deflection angle by ~0.005% for weak lensing by galaxies.

7 CFR 28.525 - Symbols and code numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... designations in inches. (a) Symbols and Code numbers used for Color Grades of American Upland Cotton. Color... 41 Low Middling LM 51 Strict Good Ordinary SGO 61 Good Ordinary GO 71 Good Middling Light Spotted GM Lt SP 12 Strict Middling Light Spotted SM Lt Sp 22 Middling Light Spotted Mid Lt Sp 32 Strict Low...

7 CFR 28.525 - Symbols and code numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... designations in inches. (a) Symbols and Code numbers used for Color Grades of American Upland Cotton. Color... 41 Low Middling LM 51 Strict Good Ordinary SGO 61 Good Ordinary GO 71 Good Middling Light Spotted GM Lt SP 12 Strict Middling Light Spotted SM Lt Sp 22 Middling Light Spotted Mid Lt Sp 32 Strict Low...

7 CFR 28.525 - Symbols and code numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... designations in inches. (a) Symbols and Code numbers used for Color Grades of American Upland Cotton. Color... 41 Low Middling LM 51 Strict Good Ordinary SGO 61 Good Ordinary GO 71 Good Middling Light Spotted GM Lt SP 12 Strict Middling Light Spotted SM Lt Sp 22 Middling Light Spotted Mid Lt Sp 32 Strict Low...

7 CFR 28.525 - Symbols and code numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... designations in inches. (a) Symbols and Code numbers used for Color Grades of American Upland Cotton. Color... 41 Low Middling LM 51 Strict Good Ordinary SGO 61 Good Ordinary GO 71 Good Middling Light Spotted GM Lt SP 12 Strict Middling Light Spotted SM Lt Sp 22 Middling Light Spotted Mid Lt Sp 32 Strict Low...

7 CFR 28.525 - Symbols and code numbers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... designations in inches. (a) Symbols and Code numbers used for Color Grades of American Upland Cotton. Color... 41 Low Middling LM 51 Strict Good Ordinary SGO 61 Good Ordinary GO 71 Good Middling Light Spotted GM Lt SP 12 Strict Middling Light Spotted SM Lt Sp 22 Middling Light Spotted Mid Lt Sp 32 Strict Low...

First-order wetting transition at a liquid-vapor interface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, J. W.; Moldover, M. R.

1983-01-01

Evidence from reflectance and contact angle measurements is presented that three-phase mixtures of i-C3H7OH-C7F14 exhibit a first-order wetting phase transition at the liquid-vapor interface at 38 C. Equilibration phenomena support this interpretation. Ellipsometry was used to measure the apparent thickness of the intruding layer in the three-phase mixture. At temperatures slightly above the wetting temperature T(w), the intruding layer's thickness is several hundred angstroms and its variation with temperature is extremely weak. Below T(w), three-phase contact can occur between the vapor and both the upper and lower liquid phases; one of the angles which characterizes this contact has a very simple temperature dependence. The thickness of the intruding layer, monitored as the solutions approached equilibrium, is found to depend quite weakly on the height spanned by the upper liquid phase in the vicinity of a first-order wetting transition.

Observation of increased space-charge limited thermionic electron emission current by neutral gas ionization in a weakly-ionized deuterium plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hollmann, E. M.; Yu, J. H.; Doerner, R. P.

2015-09-14

The thermionic electron emission current emitted from a laser-produced hot spot on a tungsten target in weakly-ionized deuterium plasma is measured. It is found to be one to two orders of magnitude larger than expected for bipolar space charge limited thermionic emission current assuming an unperturbed background plasma. This difference is attributed to the plasma being modified by ionization of background neutrals by the emitted electrons. This result indicates that the allowable level of emitted thermionic electron current can be significantly enhanced in weakly-ionized plasmas due to the presence of large neutral densities.

Geometric Integration of Weakly Dissipative Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modin, K.; Führer, C.; Soöderlind, G.

2009-09-01

Some problems in mechanics, e.g. in bearing simulation, contain subsystems that are conservative as well as weakly dissipative subsystems. Our experience is that geometric integration methods are often superior for such systems, as long as the dissipation is weak. Here we develop adaptive methods for dissipative perturbations of Hamiltonian systems. The methods are "geometric" in the sense that the form of the dissipative perturbation is preserved. The methods are linearly explicit, i.e., they require the solution of a linear subsystem. We sketch an analysis in terms of backward error analysis and numerical comparisons with a conventional RK method of the same order is given.

Remarks on High Reynolds Numbers Hydrodynamics and the Inviscid Limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Constantin, Peter; Vicol, Vlad

2018-04-01

We prove that any weak space-time L^2 vanishing viscosity limit of a sequence of strong solutions of Navier-Stokes equations in a bounded domain of R^2 satisfies the Euler equation if the solutions' local enstrophies are uniformly bounded. We also prove that t-a.e. weak L^2 inviscid limits of solutions of 3D Navier-Stokes equations in bounded domains are weak solutions of the Euler equation if they locally satisfy a scaling property of their second-order structure function. The conditions imposed are far away from boundaries, and wild solutions of Euler equations are not a priori excluded in the limit.

Equalizer tap length requirement for mode group delay-compensated fiber link with weakly random mode coupling.

PubMed

Bai, Neng; Li, Guifang

2014-02-24

The equalizer tap length requirement is investigated analytically and numerically for differential modal group delay (DMGD) compensated fiber link with weakly random mode coupling. Each span of the DMGD compensated link comprises multiple pairs of fibers which have opposite signs of DMGD. The result reveals that under weak random mode coupling, the required tap length of the equalizer is proportional to modal group delay of a single DMGD compensated pair, instead of the total modal group delay (MGD) of the entire link. By using small DMGD compensation step sizes, the required tap length (RTL) can be potentially reduced by 2 orders of magnitude.

Application of strict criteria in adrenal venous sampling increases the proportion of missed patients with unilateral disease who benefit from surgery for primary aldosteronism.

PubMed

Kline, Gregory; Leung, Alexander; So, Benny; Chin, Alex; Harvey, Adrian; Pasieka, Janice L

2018-06-01

Adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is intended to confirm unilateral forms of primary aldosteronism, which are amenable to surgical cure. Excessively strict AVS criteria to define lateralization may result in many patients incorrectly categorized as bilateral primary aldosteronism and opportunity for surgical cure missed. Retrospective review of an AVS-primary aldosteronism database in which surgical cases are verified by standardized outcomes. Having used 'less strict' AVS criteria for lateralization, we examined the distribution of AVS lateralization indices in our confirmed unilateral primary aldosteronism cases both with and without cosyntropin stimulation. The proportion of proven unilateral cases that would have been missed with stricter AVS interpretation criteria was calculated. Particular focus was given to the proportion of missed cases according to use of international guidelines. False-positive lateralization with 'less strict' interpretation was also calculated. Of 80 surgical primary aldosteronism cases, 10-23% would have been missed with AVS lateralization indices of 3 : 1 to 5 : 1, with or without cosyntropin. If strict selectivity indices (for confirmation of catheterization) were combined with strict lateralization indices, up to 70% of unilateral primary aldosteronism cases could have been missed. Use of Endocrine Society AVS guidelines would have missed 21-43% of proven unilateral cases. 'Less strict' AVS interpretation yielded one case (1.2%) of false lateralization. Excessively strict AVS interpretation criteria will result in a high rate of missed unilateral primary aldosteronism with subsequent loss of opportunity for intervention. Use of more lenient lateralization criteria will improve the detection rate of unilateral primary aldosteronism with very low false-positive rate.

Geomagnetic Intensity Record from the 1.43 Ga Laramie Anorthosite Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gee, J. S.; Selkin, P. A.; Meurer, W. P.

2015-12-01

Models of core and mantle evolution with a basal magma ocean suggest that vigorous convection in the outer core may have begun in the Proterozoic, but that inner core crystallization did not drive the geodynamo until ~0.5 Ga. Published paleointensity data suggest that Earth's magnetic field may have been relatively weak during the Proterozoic due to geodynamo activity generated by superadiabatic cooling of the fluid core. The Laramie Anorthosite Complex (LAC; Wyoming, USA) crystallized at 1.43 Ga, during the hypothesized Proterozoic weak-field interval. The LAC consists of several genetically related plutons, including (from oldest to youngest) the Poe Mountain and Snow Creek Anorthosites, and the Sybille Monzosyenite. Anorthositic, leucogabbroic, and monzosyenitic rocks from these units formed under a range of fO2 and contain different magnetic carriers, but likely retain a thermoremanent magnetization from at or close to their crystallization age. Initial IZZI Thellier experiments were conducted on oriented cores from 22 sites. Additional paleointensity analyses utilized smaller chips, selected for high Königsberger ratios to minimize the influence of larger discrete magnetic grains. Over 60% of these high Q specimens yielded reliable results, using strict criteria (FRAC > 0.80; beta < 0.1) in the ThellierGUI program. Ten site mean paleofield estimates from the Poe Mountain Anorthosite range from 40 to 70 μT (7.8 - 13.7 x 1022 Am2) while the Snow Creek Anorthosite has lower values (~20 μT). These values have been corrected for remanence anisotropy, which is significant for core samples (median τ1/τ3 = 1.46) and extreme for some chips (τ1 values exceeding 0.95) from the Snow Creek Anorthosite. A proposed slow cooling rate of the LAC would cause our paleointensity values to overestimate the ancient field by as much as 50%. Nonetheless, the range of intensity values recorded in the LAC is similar to that in the Phanerozoic and does not appear compatible with the proposed weak Proterozoic field.

Stabilization of weak ferromagnetism by strong magnetic response to epitaxial strain in multiferroic BiFeO 3

DOE PAGES

Cooper, Valentino R.; Lee, Jun Hee; Krogel, Jaron T.; ...

2015-08-06

Multiferroic BiFeO 3 exhibits excellent magnetoelectric coupling critical for magnetic information processing with minimal power consumption. Thus, the degenerate nature of the easy spin axis in the (111) plane presents roadblocks for real world applications. Here, we explore the stabilization and switchability of the weak ferromagnetic moments under applied epitaxial strain using a combination of first-principles calculations and group-theoretic analyses. We demonstrate that the antiferromagnetic moment vector can be stabilized along unique crystallographic directions ([110] and [-110]) under compressive and tensile strains. A direct coupling between the anisotropic antiferrodistortive rotations and Dzyaloshinskii-Moria interactions drives the stabilization of weak ferromagnetism. Furthermore,more » energetically competing C- and G-type magnetic orderings are observed at high compressive strains, suggesting that it may be possible to switch the weak ferromagnetism on and off under application of strain. These findings emphasize the importance of strain and antiferrodistortive rotations as routes to enhancing induced weak ferromagnetism in multiferroic oxides.« less

Isogeometric Bézier dual mortaring: Refineable higher-order spline dual bases and weakly continuous geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Z.; Scott, M. A.; Borden, M. J.; Thomas, D. C.; Dornisch, W.; Brivadis, E.

2018-05-01

In this paper we develop the isogeometric B\\'ezier dual mortar method. It is based on B\\'ezier extraction and projection and is applicable to any spline space which can be represented in B\\'ezier form (i.e., NURBS, T-splines, LR-splines, etc.). The approach weakly enforces the continuity of the solution at patch interfaces and the error can be adaptively controlled by leveraging the refineability of the underlying dual spline basis without introducing any additional degrees of freedom. We also develop weakly continuous geometry as a particular application of isogeometric B\\'ezier dual mortaring. Weakly continuous geometry is a geometry description where the weak continuity constraints are built into properly modified B\\'ezier extraction operators. As a result, multi-patch models can be processed in a solver directly without having to employ a mortaring solution strategy. We demonstrate the utility of the approach on several challenging benchmark problems. Keywords: Mortar methods, Isogeometric analysis, B\\'ezier extraction, B\\'ezier projection

Electronic transport coefficients from ab initio simulations and application to dense liquid hydrogen

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holst, Bastian; French, Martin; Redmer, Ronald

2011-06-15

Using Kubo's linear response theory, we derive expressions for the frequency-dependent electrical conductivity (Kubo-Greenwood formula), thermopower, and thermal conductivity in a strongly correlated electron system. These are evaluated within ab initio molecular dynamics simulations in order to study the thermoelectric transport coefficients in dense liquid hydrogen, especially near the nonmetal-to-metal transition region. We also observe significant deviations from the widely used Wiedemann-Franz law, which is strictly valid only for degenerate systems, and give an estimate for its valid scope of application toward lower densities.

Initial contamination control considerations for the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooldridge, Eve M.

1997-01-01

The NASA's Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST), a 6 m to 8 m diameter device, is described. The NGST will be radiatively cooled to 30 K to 60 K in order to carry out extremely deep exposures at near infrared wavelengths, for 5 years to 10 years lifetime. Initial contamination control design options include strict materials selection and baking out of both hardware down to the component level, minimizing or eliminating the exposure to the optical telescope assembly to sunlight or earth albedo during deployment and early in-orbit operations.

Biocidal treatment and preservation of liquid fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Siegert, W.

1995-05-01

Strict microbiological limit values are the result of damage caused by microorganisms in fuels. With MAR 71, a biocide based on methylenebisoxazolidine, a product is available which has been tested and approved by leading car manufacturers, the mineral oil industry, and NATO. Depending on the degree of microbiological contamination, different decontamination concepts are presented, and recommendations for the treatment of fuels which are contaminated when purchased are given. In order to avoid recontamination, planning principles or the new design of tanks are necessary. The possibility of convenient, economical and regular drainage is a key factor.

[Nihilodermia in psychodermatology].

PubMed

Harth, W; Hermes, B; Seikowski, K; Gieler, U

2007-05-01

"Nihilodermia" refers to a group of difficult "problem" patients in dermatology without objective findings but with recurrent symptoms and stubborn demand for medical examination. These primary emotional disorders are somatoform disorders, but the patients usually strictly deny a psychosocial aspect and expect purely somatic treatment. Clinical patterns include pruritus, pain, paresthesias, feelings of disfiguration, eco-syndromes, erythrophobia and psychogenic pseudoeffluvium. The relevant somatoform disorders in dermatology can be differentiated as somatization disorders, hypochondriacal disorders, somatoform autonomous disorders, persistent somatoform pain disorders and "other somatoform disorders". A precise differential diagnostic division is necessary in order to initiate adequate therapy strategies.

Rate variation and estimation of divergence times using strict and relaxed clocks.

PubMed

Brown, Richard P; Yang, Ziheng

2011-09-26

Understanding causes of biological diversity may be greatly enhanced by knowledge of divergence times. Strict and relaxed clock models are used in Bayesian estimation of divergence times. We examined whether: i) strict clock models are generally more appropriate in shallow phylogenies where rate variation is expected to be low, ii) the likelihood ratio test of the clock (LRT) reliably informs which model is appropriate for dating divergence times. Strict and relaxed models were used to analyse sequences simulated under different levels of rate variation. Published shallow phylogenies (Black bass, Primate-sucking lice, Podarcis lizards, Gallotiinae lizards, and Caprinae mammals) were also analysed to determine natural levels of rate variation relative to the performance of the different models. Strict clock analyses performed well on data simulated under the independent rates model when the standard deviation of log rate on branches, σ, was low (≤ 0.1), but were inappropriate when σ>0.1 (95% of rates fall within 0.0082-0.0121 subs/site/Ma when σ = 0.1, for a mean rate of 0.01). The independent rates relaxed clock model performed well at all levels of rate variation, although posterior intervals on times were significantly wider than for the strict clock. The strict clock is therefore superior when rate variation is low. The performance of a correlated rates relaxed clock model was similar to the strict clock. Increased numbers of independent loci led to slightly narrower posteriors under the relaxed clock while older root ages provided proportionately narrower posteriors. The LRT had low power for σ = 0.01-0.1, but high power for σ = 0.5-2.0. Posterior means of σ2 were useful for assessing rate variation in published datasets. Estimates of natural levels of rate variation ranged from 0.05-3.38 for different partitions. Differences in divergence times between relaxed and strict clock analyses were greater in two datasets with higher σ2 for one or more partitions, supporting the simulation results. The strict clock can be superior for trees with shallow roots because of low levels of rate variation between branches. The LRT allows robust assessment of suitability of the clock model as does examination of posteriors on σ2.

In vivo human cardiac shortening and lengthening velocity is region dependent and not coupled with heart rate: 'longitudinal' strain rate markedly underestimates apical contribution.

PubMed

Stöhr, Eric J; Stembridge, Mike; Esformes, Joseph I

2015-04-20

What is the central question of this study? Regulation of cardiac function is typically achieved by changes in heart rate (HR) and cardiac shortening velocity (strain rate; SR), but their interdependence in vivo remains poorly understood. What is the main finding and its importance? Using resistance exercise to increase heart rate and arterial resistance physiologically in humans and measuring regional cardiac SR (at the base and apex), we found that HR and SR were not strictly coupled because SR at the base and apex responded differently, despite the same HR. Importantly, our data show that the region-averaged 'longitudinal' SR, which is currently popular in the clinical setting, markedly underestimates the contribution of the apex. The fundamental importance of cardiac shortening and lengthening velocity (i.e. strain rate; SR) has been demonstrated in vitro. Currently, the interdependence between in vivo SR and HR is poorly understood because studies have typically assessed region-averaged 'longitudinal' strain rate, which is likely to underestimate the apical contribution, and have used non-physiological interventions that may also have been influenced by multicollinearity caused by concomitant reductions in arterial resistance. Resistance exercise acutely raises HR, blood pressure and arterial resistance and transiently disassociates these cardiovascular factors following exercise. Therefore, we measured SR, HR, blood pressure and arterial resistance in nine healthy men (aged 20 ± 1 years) immediately before, during and after double-leg-press exercise at 30 and 60% of maximal strength. Resistance exercise caused a disproportionate SR response at the left ventricular base and apex (interaction effect, P < 0.05). Consequently, associations between HR and regional peak SR were inconsistent and mostly very weak (r(2)  = 0.0004-0.24). Likewise, the areas under the curve for systolic and diastolic SR and their relationship with systolic and diastolic duration were variable and weak. Importantly, region-averaged 'longitudinal' SR was identical to basal SR, thus, markedly underestimating the apical contribution. In conclusion, in vivo HR and SR are not strictly coupled in healthy humans, which is explained by the region-specific responses of SR that are not captured by 'longitudinal SR'. This novel observation emphasizes the independent role of in vivo SR in overall cardiac function during stress and may cause a 'revival' of SR as a marker of regional left ventricular (dys)function. © 2015 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2015 The Physiological Society.

Evolution of genetic architecture under directional selection.

PubMed

Hansen, Thomas F; Alvarez-Castro, José M; Carter, Ashley J R; Hermisson, Joachim; Wagner, Günter P

2006-08-01

We investigate the multilinear epistatic model under mutation-limited directional selection. We confirm previous results that only directional epistasis, in which genes on average reinforce or diminish each other's effects, contribute to the initial evolution of mutational effects. Thus, either canalization or decanalization can occur under directional selection, depending on whether positive or negative epistasis is prevalent. We then focus on the evolution of the epistatic coefficients themselves. In the absence of higher-order epistasis, positive pairwise epistasis will tend to weaken relative to additive effects, while negative pairwise epistasis will tend to become strengthened. Positive third-order epistasis will counteract these effects, while negative third-order epistasis will reinforce them. More generally, gene interactions of all orders have an inherent tendency for negative changes under directional selection, which can only be modified by higher-order directional epistasis. We identify three types of nonadditive quasi-equilibrium architectures that, although not strictly stable, can be maintained for an extended time: (1) nondirectional epistatic architectures; (2) canalized architectures with strong epistasis; and (3) near-additive architectures in which additive effects keep increasing relative to epistasis.

Pawlak Algebra and Approximate Structure on Fuzzy Lattice

PubMed Central

Zhuang, Ying; Liu, Wenqi; Wu, Chin-Chia; Li, Jinhai

2014-01-01

The aim of this paper is to investigate the general approximation structure, weak approximation operators, and Pawlak algebra in the framework of fuzzy lattice, lattice topology, and auxiliary ordering. First, we prove that the weak approximation operator space forms a complete distributive lattice. Then we study the properties of transitive closure of approximation operators and apply them to rough set theory. We also investigate molecule Pawlak algebra and obtain some related properties. PMID:25152922

Pawlak algebra and approximate structure on fuzzy lattice.

PubMed

Zhuang, Ying; Liu, Wenqi; Wu, Chin-Chia; Li, Jinhai

2014-01-01

The aim of this paper is to investigate the general approximation structure, weak approximation operators, and Pawlak algebra in the framework of fuzzy lattice, lattice topology, and auxiliary ordering. First, we prove that the weak approximation operator space forms a complete distributive lattice. Then we study the properties of transitive closure of approximation operators and apply them to rough set theory. We also investigate molecule Pawlak algebra and obtain some related properties.

Molecular aspect ratio and anchoring strength effects in a confined Gay-Berne liquid crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cañeda-Guzmán, E.; Moreno-Razo, J. A.; Díaz-Herrera, E.; Sambriski, E. J.

2014-04-01

Phase diagrams for Gay-Berne (GB) fluids were obtained from molecular dynamics simulations for GB(2, 5, 1, 2) (i.e. short mesogens) and GB(3, 5, 1, 2) (i.e. long mesogens), which yield isotropic, nematic, and smectic-B phases. The long-mesogen fluid also yields the smectic-A phase. Ordered phases of the long-mesogen fluid form at higher temperatures and lower densities when compared to those of the short-mesogen fluid. The effect of confinement under weak and strong substrate couplings in slab geometry was investigated. Compared to the bulk, the isotropic-nematic transition does not shift in temprature significantly for the weakly coupled substrate in either mesogen fluid. However, the strongly coupled substrate shifts the transition to lower temperature. Confinement induces marked stratification in the short-mesogen fluid. This effect diminishes with distance from the substrate, yielding bulk-like behaviour in the slab central region. Fluid stratification is very weak for the long-mesogen fluid, but the strongly coupled substrate induces 'smectisation', an ordering effect that decays with distance. Orientation of the fluid on the substrate depends on the mesogen. There is no preferred orientation in a plane parallel to the substrate for the weakly coupled case. In the strongly coupled case, the mesogen orientation mimics that of adjacent fluid layers. Planar anchoring is observed with a broad distribution of orientations in the weakly coupled case. In the strongly coupled case, the distribution leans toward planar orientations for the short-mesogen fluid, while a marginal preference for tilting persists in the long-mesogen fluid.

Weak signal amplification and detection by higher-order sensory neurons.

PubMed

Jung, Sarah N; Longtin, Andre; Maler, Leonard

2016-04-01

Sensory systems must extract behaviorally relevant information and therefore often exhibit a very high sensitivity. How the nervous system reaches such high sensitivity levels is an outstanding question in neuroscience. Weakly electric fish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus/albifrons) are an excellent model system to address this question because detailed background knowledge is available regarding their behavioral performance and its underlying neuronal substrate. Apteronotus use their electrosense to detect prey objects. Therefore, they must be able to detect electrical signals as low as 1 μV while using a sensory integration time of <200 ms. How these very weak signals are extracted and amplified by the nervous system is not yet understood. We studied the responses of cells in the early sensory processing areas, namely, the electroreceptor afferents (EAs) and pyramidal cells (PCs) of the electrosensory lobe (ELL), the first-order electrosensory processing area. In agreement with previous work we found that EAs cannot encode very weak signals with a spike count code. However, PCs can encode prey mimic signals by their firing rate, revealing a huge signal amplification between EAs and PCs and also suggesting differences in their stimulus encoding properties. Using a simple leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF) model we predict that the target neurons of PCs in the midbrain torus semicircularis (TS) are able to detect very weak signals. In particular, TS neurons could do so by assuming biologically plausible convergence rates as well as very simple decoding strategies such as temporal integration, threshold crossing, and combining the inputs of PCs. Copyright © 2016 the American Physiological Society.

Influence of rotator cuff tears on glenohumeral stability during abduction tasks.

PubMed

Hölscher, Thomas; Weber, Tim; Lazarev, Igor; Englert, Carsten; Dendorfer, Sebastian

2016-09-01

One of the main goals in reconstructing rotator cuff tears is the restoration of glenohumeral joint stability, which is subsequently of utmost importance in order to prevent degenerative damage such as superior labral anterior posterior (SLAP) lesion, arthrosis, and malfunction. The goal of the current study was to facilitate musculoskeletal models in order to estimate glenohumeral instability introduced by muscle weakness due to cuff lesions. Inverse dynamics simulations were used to compute joint reaction forces for several static abduction tasks with different muscle weakness. Results were compared with the existing literature in order to ensure the model validity. Further arm positions taken from activities of daily living, requiring the rotator cuff muscles were modeled and their contribution to joint kinetics computed. Weakness of the superior rotator cuff muscles (supraspinatus; infraspinatus) leads to a deviation of the joint reaction force to the cranial dorsal rim of the glenoid. Massive rotator cuff defects showed higher potential for glenohumeral instability in contrast to single muscle ruptures. The teres minor muscle seems to substitute lost joint torque during several simulated muscle tears to maintain joint stability. Joint instability increases with cuff tear size. Weakness of the upper part of the rotator cuff leads to a joint reaction force closer to the upper glenoid rim. This indicates the comorbidity of cuff tears with SLAP lesions. The teres minor is crucial for maintaining joint stability in case of massive cuff defects and should be uprated in clinical decision-making. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 34:1628-1635, 2016. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A weak-coupling immersed boundary method for fluid-structure interaction with low density ratio of solid to fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Woojin; Lee, Injae; Choi, Haecheon

2018-04-01

We present a weak-coupling approach for fluid-structure interaction with low density ratio (ρ) of solid to fluid. For accurate and stable solutions, we introduce predictors, an explicit two-step method and the implicit Euler method, to obtain provisional velocity and position of fluid-structure interface at each time step, respectively. The incompressible Navier-Stokes equations, together with these provisional velocity and position at the fluid-structure interface, are solved in an Eulerian coordinate using an immersed-boundary finite-volume method on a staggered mesh. The dynamic equation of an elastic solid-body motion, together with the hydrodynamic force at the provisional position of the interface, is solved in a Lagrangian coordinate using a finite element method. Each governing equation for fluid and structure is implicitly solved using second-order time integrators. The overall second-order temporal accuracy is preserved even with the use of lower-order predictors. A linear stability analysis is also conducted for an ideal case to find the optimal explicit two-step method that provides stable solutions down to the lowest density ratio. With the present weak coupling, three different fluid-structure interaction problems were simulated: flows around an elastically mounted rigid circular cylinder, an elastic beam attached to the base of a stationary circular cylinder, and a flexible plate, respectively. The lowest density ratios providing stable solutions are searched for the first two problems and they are much lower than 1 (ρmin = 0.21 and 0.31, respectively). The simulation results agree well with those from strong coupling suggested here and also from previous numerical and experimental studies, indicating the efficiency and accuracy of the present weak coupling.

The analysis of harmonic generation coefficients in the ablative Rayleigh-Taylor instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yan; Fan, Zhengfeng; Lu, Xinpei; Ye, Wenhua; Zou, Changlin; Zhang, Ziyun; Zhang, Wen

2017-10-01

In this research, we use the numerical simulation method to investigate the generation coefficients of the first three harmonics and the zeroth harmonic in the Ablative Rayleigh-Taylor Instability. It is shown that the interface shifts to the low temperature side during the ablation process. In consideration of the third-order perturbation theory, the first three harmonic amplitudes of the weakly nonlinear regime are calculated and then the harmonic generation coefficients are obtained by curve fitting. The simulation results show that the harmonic generation coefficients changed with time and wavelength. Using the higher-order perturbation theory, we find that more and more harmonics are generated in the later weakly nonlinear stage, which is caused by the negative feedback of the later higher harmonics. Furthermore, extending the third-order theory to the fifth-order theory, we find that the second and the third harmonics coefficients linearly depend on the wavelength, while the feedback coefficients are almost constant. Further analysis also shows that when the fifth-order theory is considered, the normalized effective amplitudes of second and third harmonics can reach about 25%-40%, which are only 15%-25% in the frame of the previous third-order theory. Therefore, the third order perturbation theory is needed to be modified by the higher-order theory when ηL reaches about 20% of the perturbation wavelength.

41 CFR 102-74.351 - If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities... REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 74-FACILITY MANAGEMENT Facility Management Smoking § 102-74.351 If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities...

41 CFR 102-74.351 - If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities... REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 74-FACILITY MANAGEMENT Facility Management Smoking § 102-74.351 If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities...

41 CFR 102-74.351 - If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities... REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 74-FACILITY MANAGEMENT Facility Management Smoking § 102-74.351 If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities...

41 CFR 102-74.351 - If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities... REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 74-FACILITY MANAGEMENT Facility Management Smoking § 102-74.351 If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities...

41 CFR 102-74.351 - If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities... REGULATION REAL PROPERTY 74-FACILITY MANAGEMENT Facility Management Smoking § 102-74.351 If a state or local government has a smoke-free ordinance that is more strict than the smoking policy for Federal facilities...

Quasi-one-dimensional magnetism in MnxFe1-xNb2O6 compounds: From Heisenberg to Ising chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hneda, M. L.; Oliveira Neto, S. R.; da Cunha, J. B. M.; Gusmão, M. A.; Isnard, O.

2018-06-01

A series of MnxFe1-xNb2O6 compounds (0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1) is investigated by both X-ray and neutron powder diffraction, as well as specific-heat and magnetic measurements. The samples present orthorhombic Pbcn crystal symmetry, and exhibit weakly coupled magnetic chains. These chains are of Heisenberg type (weak anisotropy) on the Mn-rich side, and Ising-like (strong anisotropy) on the Fe-rich side. Except for 100% Fe (x = 0) , which has weakly-interacting ferromagnetic Ising chains, a negative Curie-Weiss temperature is obtained from the magnetic susceptibility, indicating dominant antiferromagnetic interactions. At the lowest probed temperature, T = 1.5K , true long-range magnetic order is only observed for x = 1 , 0.8, and 0. Although the ordering is globally antiferromagnetic in all cases, the first two are characterized by a two-sublattice structure with propagation vector k = (0, 0, 0) , while the latter presents alternatingly oriented ferromagnetic chains described by k = (0,1/2, 0) . For other compositions, short-range magnetic correlations are extracted from diffuse neutron-scattering data.

Weak Higher-Order Interactions in Macroscopic Functional Networks of the Resting Brain.

PubMed

Huang, Xuhui; Xu, Kaibin; Chu, Congying; Jiang, Tianzi; Yu, Shan

2017-10-25

Interactions among different brain regions are usually examined through functional connectivity (FC) analysis, which is exclusively based on measuring pairwise correlations in activities. However, interactions beyond the pairwise level, that is, higher-order interactions (HOIs), are vital in understanding the behavior of many complex systems. So far, whether HOIs exist among brain regions and how they can affect the brain's activities remains largely elusive. To address these issues, here, we analyzed blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signals recorded from six typical macroscopic functional networks of the brain in 100 human subjects (46 males and 54 females) during the resting state. Through examining the binarized BOLD signals, we found that HOIs within and across individual networks were both very weak regardless of the network size, topology, degree of spatial proximity, spatial scales, and whether the global signal was regressed. To investigate the potential mechanisms underlying the weak HOIs, we analyzed the dynamics of a network model and also found that HOIs were generally weak within a wide range of key parameters provided that the overall dynamic feature of the model was similar to the empirical data and it was operating close to a linear fluctuation regime. Our results suggest that weak HOI may be a general property of brain's macroscopic functional networks, which implies the dominance of pairwise interactions in shaping brain activities at such a scale and warrants the validity of widely used pairwise-based FC approaches. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT To explain how activities of different brain areas are coordinated through interactions is essential to revealing the mechanisms underlying various brain functions. Traditionally, such an interaction structure is commonly studied using pairwise-based functional network analyses. It is unclear whether the interactions beyond the pairwise level (higher-order interactions or HOIs) play any role in this process. Here, we show that HOIs are generally weak in macroscopic brain networks. We also suggest a possible dynamical mechanism that may underlie this phenomenon. These results provide plausible explanation for the effectiveness of widely used pairwise-based approaches in analyzing brain networks. More importantly, it reveals a previously unknown, simple organization of the brain's macroscopic functional systems. Copyright © 2017 the authors 0270-6474/17/3710481-17$15.00/0.

Ordering nanoparticles with polymer brushes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cheng, Shengfeng; Stevens, Mark J.; Grest, Gary S.

Ordering nanoparticles into a desired super-structure is often crucial for their technological applications. We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the assembly of nanoparticles in a polymer brush randomly grafted to a planar surface as the solvent evaporates. Initially, the nanoparticles are dispersed in a solvent that wets the polymer brush. After the solvent evaporates, the nanoparticles are either inside the brush or adsorbed at the surface of the brush, depending on the strength of the nanoparticle-polymer interaction. For strong nanoparticle-polymer interactions, a 2-dimensional ordered array is only formed when the brush density is finely tuned to accommodate a singlemore » layer of nanoparticles. When the brush density is higher or lower than this optimal value, the distribution of nanoparticles shows large fluctuations in space and the packing order diminishes. For weak nanoparticle-polymer interactions, the nanoparticles order into a hexagonal array on top of the polymer brush as long as the grafting density is high enough to yield a dense brush. As a result, an interesting healing effect is observed for a low-grafting-density polymer brush that can become more uniform in the presence of weakly adsorbed nanoparticles.« less

Ordering nanoparticles with polymer brushes

DOE PAGES

Cheng, Shengfeng; Stevens, Mark J.; Grest, Gary S.

2017-12-08

Ordering nanoparticles into a desired super-structure is often crucial for their technological applications. We use molecular dynamics simulations to study the assembly of nanoparticles in a polymer brush randomly grafted to a planar surface as the solvent evaporates. Initially, the nanoparticles are dispersed in a solvent that wets the polymer brush. After the solvent evaporates, the nanoparticles are either inside the brush or adsorbed at the surface of the brush, depending on the strength of the nanoparticle-polymer interaction. For strong nanoparticle-polymer interactions, a 2-dimensional ordered array is only formed when the brush density is finely tuned to accommodate a singlemore » layer of nanoparticles. When the brush density is higher or lower than this optimal value, the distribution of nanoparticles shows large fluctuations in space and the packing order diminishes. For weak nanoparticle-polymer interactions, the nanoparticles order into a hexagonal array on top of the polymer brush as long as the grafting density is high enough to yield a dense brush. As a result, an interesting healing effect is observed for a low-grafting-density polymer brush that can become more uniform in the presence of weakly adsorbed nanoparticles.« less

Light scattering from liquid crystal director fluctuations in steady magnetic fields up to 25 tesla.

PubMed

Challa, Pavan K; Curtiss, O; Williams, J C; Twieg, R; Toth, J; McGill, S; Jákli, A; Gleeson, J T; Sprunt, S N

2012-07-01

We report on homodyne dynamic light scattering measurements of orientational fluctuation modes in both calamitic and bent-core nematic liquid crystals, carried out in the new split-helix resistive magnet at the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory. The relaxation rate and inverse scattered intensity of director fluctuations exhibit a linear dependence on field-squared up to 25 tesla, which is consistent with strictly lowest order coupling of the tensor order parameter Q to field (Q(αβ)B(α)B(β)) in the nematic free energy. However, we also observe evidence of field dependence of certain nematic material parameters, an effect which may be expected from the mean field scaling of these quantities with the magnitude of Q and the predicted variation of Q with field.

Selvester scoring in patients with strict LBBB using the QUARESS software.

PubMed

Xia, Xiaojuan; Chaudhry, Uzma; Wieslander, Björn; Borgquist, Rasmus; Wagner, Galen S; Strauss, David G; Platonov, Pyotr; Ugander, Martin; Couderc, Jean-Philippe

2015-01-01

Estimation of the infarct size from body-surface ECGs in post-myocardial infarction patients has become possible using the Selvester scoring method. Automation of this scoring has been proposed in order to speed-up the measurement of the score and improving the inter-observer variability in computing a score that requires strong expertise in electrocardiography. In this work, we evaluated the quality of the QuAReSS software for delivering correct Selvester scoring in a set of standard 12-lead ECGs. Standard 12-lead ECGs were recorded in 105 post-MI patients prescribed implantation of an implantable cardiodefibrillator (ICD). Amongst the 105 patients with standard clinical left bundle branch block (LBBB) patterns, 67 had a LBBB pattern meeting the strict criteria. The QuAReSS software was applied to these 67 tracings by two independent groups of cardiologists (from a clinical group and an ECG core laboratory) to measure the Selvester score semi-automatically. Using various level of agreement metrics, we compared the scores between groups and when automatically measured by the software. The average of the absolute difference in Selvester scores measured by the two independent groups was 1.4±1.5 score points, whereas the difference between automatic method and the two manual adjudications were 1.2±1.2 and 1.3±1.2 points. Eighty-two percent score agreement was observed between the two independent measurements when the difference of score was within two point ranges, while 90% and 84% score agreements were reached using the automatic method compared to the two manual adjudications. The study confirms that the QuAReSS software provides valid measurements of the Selvester score in patients with strict LBBB with minimal correction from cardiologists. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

First-order inflation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolb, Edward W.

1991-01-01

In the original proposal, inflation occurred in the process of a strongly first-order phase transition. This model was soon demonstrated to be fatally flawed. Subsequent models for inflation involved phase transitions that were second-order, or perhaps weakly first-order; some even involved no phase transition at all. Recently the possibility of inflation during a strongly first-order phase transition has been revived. In this talk I will discuss some models for first-order inflation, and emphasize unique signatures that result if inflation is realized in a first-order transition. Before discussing first-order inflation, I will briefly review some of the history of inflation to demonstrate how first-order inflation differs from other models.

Asymptotic Stability of Interconnected Passive Non-Linear Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Isidori, A.; Joshi, S. M.; Kelkar, A. G.

1999-01-01

This paper addresses the problem of stabilization of a class of internally passive non-linear time-invariant dynamic systems. A class of non-linear marginally strictly passive (MSP) systems is defined, which is less restrictive than input-strictly passive systems. It is shown that the interconnection of a non-linear passive system and a non-linear MSP system is globally asymptotically stable. The result generalizes and weakens the conditions of the passivity theorem, which requires one of the systems to be input-strictly passive. In the case of linear time-invariant systems, it is shown that the MSP property is equivalent to the marginally strictly positive real (MSPR) property, which is much simpler to check.

Weak lensing probe of cubic Galileon model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dinda, Bikash R.

2018-06-01

The cubic Galileon model containing the lowest non-trivial order action of the full Galileon action can produce the stable late-time cosmic acceleration. This model can have a significant role in the growth of structures. The signatures of the cubic Galileon model in the structure formation can be probed by the weak lensing statistics. Weak lensing convergence statistics is one of the strongest probes to the structure formation and hence it can probe the dark energy or modified theories of gravity models. In this work, we investigate the detectability of the cubic Galileon model from the ΛCDM model or from the canonical quintessence model through the convergence power spectrum and bi-spectrum.

Changing smoking attitudes by strengthening weak antismoking beliefs - Taiwan as an example.

PubMed

Chang, Chingching

2006-12-01

I first explored the strength of Taiwanese high school students' beliefs regarding five antismoking messages. Findings of a nationwide survey showed that the students held these beliefs in the following order of decreasing strength: second-hand smoke damages health, smoking has long-term health consequences, smoking has short-term health consequences, cigarette marketers are manipulative, and smokers are perceived negatively. Experiment one further showed that antismoking ads featuring weakly held beliefs are more effective than those featuring strongly held beliefs. Experiment two demonstrated that antismoking campaigns need to be framed carefully; in general, it is more effective to positively frame messages about strongly held antismoking beliefs but negatively frame messages about weakly held antismoking beliefs.

Steady States, Fluctuation-Dissipation Theorems and Homogenization for Reversible Diffusions in a Random Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathieu, P.; Piatnitski, A.

2018-04-01

Prolongating our previous paper on the Einstein relation, we study the motion of a particle diffusing in a random reversible environment when subject to a small external forcing. In order to describe the long time behavior of the particle, we introduce the notions of steady state and weak steady state. We establish the continuity of weak steady states for an ergodic and uniformly elliptic environment. When the environment has finite range of dependence, we prove the existence of the steady state and weak steady state and compute its derivative at a vanishing force. Thus we obtain a complete `fluctuation-dissipation Theorem' in this context as well as the continuity of the effective variance.

Combining the Best of Two Standard Setting Methods: The Ordered Item Booklet Angoff

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Russell W.; Davis-Becker, Susan L.; O'Leary, Lisa S.

2014-01-01

This article describes a hybrid standard setting method that combines characteristics of the Angoff (1971) and Bookmark (Mitzel, Lewis, Patz & Green, 2001) methods. The proposed approach utilizes strengths of each method while addressing weaknesses. An ordered item booklet, with items sorted based on item difficulty, is used in combination…

When Can Information from Ordinal Scale Variables Be Integrated?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kemp, Simon; Grace, Randolph C.

2010-01-01

Many theoretical constructs of interest to psychologists are multidimensional and derive from the integration of several input variables. We show that input variables that are measured on ordinal scales cannot be combined to produce a stable weakly ordered output variable that allows trading off the input variables. Instead a partial order is…

Experience in estimating neutron poison worths

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chiang, R.T.; Congdon, S.P.

1989-01-01

Gadolinia, {sup 135}Xe, {sup 149}Sm, control rod, and soluble boron are five neutron poisons that may appear in light water reactor assemblies. Reliable neutron poison worth estimation is useful for evaluating core operating strategies, fuel cycle economics, and reactor safety design. Based on physical presence, neutron poisons can be divided into two categories: local poisons and global poisons. Gadolinia and control rod are local poisons, and {sup 135}Xe, {sup 149}Sm, and soluble boron are global poisons. The first-order perturbation method is commonly used to estimate nuclide worths in fuel assemblies. It is well known, however, that the first-order perturbation methodmore » was developed for small perturbations, such as the perturbation due to weak absorbers, and that neutron poisons are not weak absorbers. The authors have developed an improved method to replace the first-order perturbation method, which yields very poor results, for estimating local poison worths. It has also been shown that the first-order perturbation method seems adequate to estimate worths for global poisons caused by flux compensation.« less

Weak hybridization and isolated localized magnetic moments in the compounds CeT 2Cd 20 (T = Ni, Pd)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

White, B. D.; Yazici, D.; Ho, P. -C.

2015-07-20

Here, we report the physical properties of single crystals of the compounds CeT 2Cd 20 (T = Ni, Pd) that were grown in a molten Cd flux. Large separations of ~6.7- 6.8 Å between Ce ions favor the localized magnetic moments that are observed in measurements of the magnetization. The strength of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya- Yosida magnetic exchange interaction between the localized moments is severely limited by the large Ce-Ce separations and by weak hybridization between localized Ce 4f and itinerant electron states. Measurements of electrical resistivity performed down to 0.138 K were unable to observe evidence for the emergence ofmore » magnetic order; however, magnetically-ordered ground states with very low transition temperatures are still expected in these compounds despite the isolated nature of the localized magnetic moments. Such a fragile magnetic order could be highly susceptible to tuning via applied pressure, but evidence for the emergence of magnetic order has not been observed so far in our measurements up to 2.5 GPa.« less

Weak ferromagnetism and short range polar order in NaMnF3 thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

KC, Amit; Borisov, Pavel; Shvartsman, Vladimir V.; Lederman, David

2017-02-01

The orthorhombically distorted perovskite NaMnF3 has been predicted to become ferroelectric if an a = c distortion of the bulk Pnma structure is imposed. In order to test this prediction, NaMnF3 thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (001) single crystal substrates via molecular beam epitaxy. The best films were smooth and single phase with four different twin domains. In-plane magnetization measurements revealed the presence of antiferromagnetic ordering with weak ferromagnetism below the Néel temperature TN = 66 K. For the dielectric studies, NaMnF3 films were grown on a 30 nm SrRuO3 (001) layer used as a bottom electrode grown via pulsed laser deposition. The complex permittivity as a function of frequency indicated a strong Debye-like relaxation contribution characterized by a distribution of relaxation times. A power-law divergence of the characteristic relaxation time revealed an order-disorder phase transition at 8 K. The slow relaxation dynamics indicated the formation of super-dipoles (superparaelectric moments) that extend over several unit cells, similar to polar nanoregions of relaxor ferroelectrics.

Oxygen induces mutation in a strict anaerobe, Prevotella melaninogenica.

PubMed

Takumi, Shota; Komatsu, Masaharu; Aoyama, Kohji; Watanabe, Kunitomo; Takeuchi, Toru

2008-05-15

Strict anaerobes are highly sensitive to oxygen, but the mutagenicity of oxygen in strict anaerobes has not been well understood. Prevotella melaninogenica, a strict anaerobe, is susceptible to oxygen and shows an increase in oxidative DNA damage upon exposure to oxygen. In this study, we have investigated the mutagenicity of oxygen and the types of mutations induced by oxygen. Exposure to oxygen decreased cell survival and increased the levels of 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG). The frequency of rifampicin-resistant mutants was markedly increased after exposure to oxygen. After sequencing a 254-bp fragment of the rpoB gene, which encodes the beta subunit of bacterial RNA polymerase, a target molecule of rifampicin, we found that most mutants induced by oxygen had GC to TA transversions, a signature of 8-oxodG. In addition, all detected single-nucleotide changes would lead to amino acid changes that confer rifampicin resistance. These results indicate that oxygen is mutagenic in a strict anaerobe, P. melaninogenica, and its mutagenic characteristics could be analyzed with this experimental system.

Cooperative ordering and kinetics of cellulose nanocrystal alignment in a magnetic field

DOE PAGES

De France, Kevin J.; Yager, Kevin G.; Hoare, Todd; ...

2016-07-13

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are emerging nanomaterials that form chiral nematic liquid crystals above a critical concentration (C*) and additionally orient within electromagnetic fields. The control over CNC alignment is significant for materials processing and end use; to date, magnetic alignment has been demonstrated using only strong fields over extended or arbitrary time scales. This work investigates the effects of comparatively weak magnetic fields (0–1.2 T) and CNC concentration (1.65–8.25 wt %) on the kinetics and degree of CNC ordering using small-angle X-ray scattering. Interparticle spacing, correlation length, and orientation order parameters (η and S) increased with time and field strengthmore » following a sigmoidal profile. In a 1.2 T magnetic field for CNC suspensions above C*, partial alignment occurred in under 2 min followed by slower cooperative ordering to achieve nearly perfect alignment in under 200 min (S = –0.499 where S = –0.5 indicates perfect antialignment). At 0.56 T, nearly perfect alignment was also achieved, yet the ordering was 36% slower. Outside of a magnetic field, the order parameter plateaued at 52% alignment (S = –0.26) after 5 h, showcasing the drastic effects of relatively weak magnetic fields on CNC alignment. For suspensions below C*, no magnetic alignment was detected.« less

Discrete maximum principle for the P1 - P0 weak Galerkin finite element approximations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Junping; Ye, Xiu; Zhai, Qilong; Zhang, Ran

2018-06-01

This paper presents two discrete maximum principles (DMP) for the numerical solution of second order elliptic equations arising from the weak Galerkin finite element method. The results are established by assuming an h-acute angle condition for the underlying finite element triangulations. The mathematical theory is based on the well-known De Giorgi technique adapted in the finite element context. Some numerical results are reported to validate the theory of DMP.

On weak lensing shape noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Niemi, Sami-Matias; Kitching, Thomas D.; Cropper, Mark

2015-12-01

One of the most powerful techniques to study the dark sector of the Universe is weak gravitational lensing. In practice, to infer the reduced shear, weak lensing measures galaxy shapes, which are the consequence of both the intrinsic ellipticity of the sources and of the integrated gravitational lensing effect along the line of sight. Hence, a very large number of galaxies is required in order to average over their individual properties and to isolate the weak lensing cosmic shear signal. If this `shape noise' can be reduced, significant advances in the power of a weak lensing surveys can be expected. This paper describes a general method for extracting the probability distributions of parameters from catalogues of data using Voronoi cells, which has several applications, and has synergies with Bayesian hierarchical modelling approaches. This allows us to construct a probability distribution for the variance of the intrinsic ellipticity as a function of galaxy property using only photometric data, allowing a reduction of shape noise. As a proof of concept the method is applied to the CFHTLenS survey data. We use this approach to investigate trends of galaxy properties in the data and apply this to the case of weak lensing power spectra.

Storing Data from Qweak--A Precision Measurement of the Proton's Weak Charge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pote, Timothy

2008-10-01

The Qweak experiment will perform a precision measurement of the proton's parity violating weak charge at low Q-squared. The experiment will do so by measuring the asymmetry in parity-violating electron scattering. The proton's weak charge is directly related to the value of the weak mixing angle--a fundamental quantity in the Standard Model. The Standard Model makes a firm prediction for the value of the weak mixing angle and thus Qweak may provide insight into shortcomings in the SM. The Qweak experiment will run at Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, VA. A database was designed to hold data directly related to the measurement of the proton's weak charge such as detector and beam monitor yield, asymmetry, and error as well as control structures such as the voltage across photomultiplier tubes and the temperature of the liquid hydrogen target. In order to test the database for speed and stability, it was filled with fake data that mimicked the data that Qweak is expected to collect. I will give a brief overview of the Qweak experiment and database design, and present data collected during these tests.

Optical rotation based chirality detection of enantiomers via weak measurement in frequency domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Dongmei; Guan, Tian; Liu, Fang; Yang, Anping; He, Yonghong; He, Qinghua; Shen, Zhiyuan; Xin, Meiguo

2018-05-01

A transmission optical rotation detection scheme based on a weak measurement was proposed for the chirality detection of enantiomers. In this transmission weak measurement system in the frequency domain, the optical activity of the chiral liquid sample was estimated with the central wavelength shift, by modifying the preselected polarization state with the optical rotation (OR). The central wavelength shift of output spectra is sensitive to the OR angle but immune to the interference of the refractive index change caused by measuring circumstances. Two isomers of chiral amino acid acquired opposite responses with this system, and a resolution of 2.17 × 10-9 mol/ml for Proline detection could be obtained. Such a resolution is about 2 orders of magnitude higher than that of common methods, which shows a high sensitivity. This proposed weak measurement scenario suggested an approach to polarimetry and provided a way to accurately assess molecular chirality.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kantowski, Ronald; Chen Bin; Dai Xinyu, E-mail: kantowski@nhn.ou.ed, E-mail: Bin.Chen-1@ou.ed, E-mail: dai@nhn.ou.ed

We compute the deflection angle to order (m/r {sub 0}){sup 2} and m/r{sub 0} x {Lambda}r {sup 2}{sub 0} for a light ray traveling in a flat {Lambda}CDM cosmology that encounters a completely condensed mass region. We use a Swiss cheese model for the inhomogeneities and find that the most significant correction to the Einstein angle occurs not because of the nonlinear terms but instead occurs because the condensed mass is embedded in a background cosmology. The Swiss cheese model predicts a decrease in the deflection angle of {approx}2% for weakly lensed galaxies behind the rich cluster A1689 and thatmore » the reduction can be as large as {approx}5% for similar rich clusters at z {approx} 1. Weak-lensing deflection angles caused by galaxies can likewise be reduced by as much as {approx}4%. We show that the lowest order correction in which {Lambda} appears is proportional to m/r{sub 0} x {radical}({Lambda}r{sub 0}{sup 2}) and could cause as much as a {approx}0.02% increase in the deflection angle for light that passes through a rich cluster. The lowest order nonlinear correction in the mass is proportional to m/r{sub 0}x{radical}(m/r{sub 0}) and can increase the deflection angle by {approx}0.005% for weak lensing by galaxies.« less

Reconfigurability of behavioural specifications for manufacturing systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt, Klaus Werner

2017-12-01

Reconfigurable manufacturing systems (RMS) support flexibility in the product variety and the configuration of the manufacturing system itself in order to enable quick adjustments to new products and production requirements. As a consequence, an essential feature of RMS is their ability to rapidly modify the control strategy during run-time. In this paper, the particular problem of changing the specified operation of a RMS, whose logical behaviour is modelled as a finite state automaton, is addressed. The notion of reconfigurability of specifications (RoS) is introduced and it is shown that the stated reconfiguration problem can be formulated as a controlled language convergence problem. In addition, algorithms for the verification of RoS and the construction of a reconfiguration supervisor are proposed. The supervisor is realised in a modular way which facilitates the extension by new configurations. Finally, it is shown that a supremal nonblocking and controllable strict subautomaton of the plant automaton that fulfils RoS exists in case RoS is violated for the plant automaton itself and an algorithm for the computation of this strict subautomaton is presented. The developed concepts and results are illustrated by a manufacturing cell example.

Inverting the food pyramid? Social and cultural acceptability of Walter Willett's dietary recommendations among people with weight concerns.

PubMed

Nielsen, A; Korzen, S; Holm, L

2008-07-01

The article presents results from a survey that was carried out among participants in a strictly controlled dietary intervention trial in order to investigate and compare the social and cultural acceptability of three different diets. Measures of social and cultural acceptability included liking of diet, social eating events, practical matters surrounding shopping, cooking, eating, understandings of the relationship between diet type, bodyweight and health, and preferences for specific foods. The survey study focuses especially on the acceptability of the diet recommended by American epidemiologist Walter Willett. On most measures the results indicated that a diet based on Willett's recommendations had a generally high level of acceptability. Scepticism related primarily to the health and weight benefits of this diet in comparison with those of the present dietary recommendations in Denmark. The survey also revealed that participants attributed more influence on their body weight to the amount of food they ate than they did to the composition of the diets they followed. While the scope of the study does not allow for the generalizations of results to a general population level, the experimental design provides detailed insight into social and cultural aspects of experiences of strict dietary adherence.

Fermentation of glycolate by a pure culture of a strictly anaerobic gram-positive bacterium belonging to the family Lachnospiraceae.

PubMed

Janssen, Peter H; Hugenholtz, Philip

2003-05-01

The component bacteria of a three-membered mixed culture able to ferment glycolate to acetate, propionate and CO(2) were isolated in pure culture. All three strains were strict anaerobes that, on the basis of comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, belonged to the order Clostridiales in the phylum Firmicutes (low G+C gram-positive bacteria). Two of the strains were not involved in glycolate metabolism. The third, the glycolate-fermenting strain 19gly4 (DSM 11261), was related to members of the family Lachnospiraceae. The cells of strain 19gly4 were oval- to lemon-shaped, 0.85 microm long and 0.65 microm in diameter, occurring singly, in pairs, or in chains of up to 30 cells. Strain 19gly4 fermented glycolate or fumarate to acetate, succinate, and CO(2). Hydrogen was not formed, and strain 19gly4 was able to grow on glycolate in pure culture without any syntrophic hydrogen transfer and without the use of an external electron acceptor. There was no evidence for homoacetogenic metabolism. This bacterium therefore differs in metabolism from previously reported glycolate-utilising anaerobes.

First-order inflation. [in cosmology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kolb, Edward W.

1991-01-01

In the original proposal, inflation occurred in the process of a strongly first-order phase transition. This model was soon demonstrated to be fatally flawed. Subsequent models for inflation involved phase transitions that were second-order, or perhaps weakly first-order; some even involved no phase transition at all. Recently the possibility of inflation during a strongly first-order phase transition has been revived. In this paper, some models for first-order inflation are discussed, and unique signatures that result if inflation is realized in a first-order transition are emphasized. Some of the history of inflation is reviewed to demonstrate how first-order inflation differs from other models.

Effect of a weak layer at the base of an oceanic plate on subduction dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carluccio, Roberta; Kaus, Boris

2017-04-01

The plate tectonics model relies on the concept of a relatively rigid lithospheric lid moving over a weaker asthenosphere. In this frame, the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is a first-order discontinuity that accommodates differential motions between tectonic plates and the underlying mantle. Recent seismic studies have revealed the existence of a low velocity and high electrical conductivity layer at the base of subducting tectonic plates. This thin layer has been interpreted as being weak and slightly buoyant and was suggested to affect the dynamics of subducting plates. However, geodynamically, the role of a weak layer at the base of the lithosphere remains poorly studied, especially at subduction zones. Therefore, we here use numerical models to investigate the first-order effects of a weak buoyant layer at the LAB on subduction dynamics. We employ both 2-D and 3-D models in which the slab and mantle are either linear viscous or have a more realistic temperature-dependent visco-elastic-plastic rheology. Results show that a weak layer affects the dynamics of the plates, foremost by increasing the subduction speed. The impact of this effect depends on the thickness of the layer and the viscosity contrast between the mantle and the weak layer. For moderate viscosity contrasts (<100) and a layer thickness of 30 km, it increases the plate velocity but not the overall shape of the slab. However, for larger viscosity contrasts (>1000), it can also change the morphology of the subduction itself, perhaps because this changes the overall effective viscosity contrast between the slab the and the mantle. For thinner layers, the overall effect is reduced. Yet, if seismological observations are correct that suggests that this layer is 10 km thick and partially molten, such that the viscosity is 1000 times lower than that of the mantle, our models suggest that this effect should be measurable. Some of our models also show a pile-up of weak material in the bending zone of the subducting plate, consistent with recent seismological observations.

The Role of a Weak Layer at the Base of an Oceanic Plate on Subduction Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carluccio, R.; Moresi, L. N.; Kaus, B. J. P.

2017-12-01

Plate tectonics relies on the concept of an effectively rigid lithospheric lid moving over a weaker asthenosphere. In this model, the lithosphere asthenosphere boundary (LAB) is a first-order discontinuity that accommodates differential motion between tectonic plates and the underlying mantle. Recent seismic studies have revealed the existence of a low velocity and high electrical conductivity layer at the base of subducting tectonic plates. This thin layer has been interpreted as being weak and slightly buoyant and it has the potential to influence the dynamics of subducting plates. However, geodynamically, the role of a weak layer at the base of the lithosphere remains poorly studied, especially at subduction zones. Here, we use numerical models to investigate the first-order effects of a weak buoyant layer at the LAB on subduction dynamics. We employ both 2-D and 3-D models in which the slab and the mantle are either linear viscous or have a more realistic temperature-dependent, visco-elastic-plastic rheology and we vary the properties of the layer at the base of the oceanic lithosphere. Our results show that the presence of a weak layer affects the dynamics of plates, primarily by increasing the subduction speed and also influences the morphology of subducting slab. For moderate viscosity contrasts (<100) and a layer thickness of ˜30 km, it increases the plate velocity but not the overall shape of the slab. However, for larger viscosity contrasts (>1000), it can also change the morphology of the subduction itself and for thinner and more buoyant layers, the overall effect is reduced. The overall impact of this effects may depend on the effective contrast between the properties of the slab and the weak layer + mantle systems, and so, by the layer characteristics modelled such as its viscosity, density, thickness and rheology. In this study, we show and summarise this impact consistently with the recent seismological constraints and observations, for example, a pile-up of weak material in the bending zone of the subducting plate.

The use of knowledge-based Genetic Algorithm for starting time optimisation in a lot-bucket MRP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ridwan, Muhammad; Purnomo, Andi

2016-01-01

In production planning, Material Requirement Planning (MRP) is usually developed based on time-bucket system, a period in the MRP is representing the time and usually weekly. MRP has been successfully implemented in Make To Stock (MTS) manufacturing, where production activity must be started before customer demand is received. However, to be implemented successfully in Make To Order (MTO) manufacturing, a modification is required on the conventional MRP in order to make it in line with the real situation. In MTO manufacturing, delivery schedule to the customers is defined strictly and must be fulfilled in order to increase customer satisfaction. On the other hand, company prefers to keep constant number of workers, hence production lot size should be constant as well. Since a bucket in conventional MRP system is representing time and usually weekly, hence, strict delivery schedule could not be accommodated. Fortunately, there is a modified time-bucket MRP system, called as lot-bucket MRP system that proposed by Casimir in 1999. In the lot-bucket MRP system, a bucket is representing a lot, and the lot size is preferably constant. The time to finish every lot could be varying depends on due date of lot. Starting time of a lot must be determined so that every lot has reasonable production time. So far there is no formal method to determine optimum starting time in the lot-bucket MRP system. Trial and error process usually used for it but some time, it causes several lots have very short production time and the lot-bucket MRP would be infeasible to be executed. This paper presents the use of Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimisation of starting time in a lot-bucket MRP system. Even though GA is well known as powerful searching algorithm, however, improvement is still required in order to increase possibility of GA in finding optimum solution in shorter time. A knowledge-based system has been embedded in the proposed GA as the improvement effort, and it is proven that the improved GA has superior performance when used in solving a lot-bucket MRP problem.

Corticosterone stress response shows long-term repeatability and links to personality in free-living Nazca boobies.

PubMed

Grace, Jacquelyn K; Anderson, David J

2014-11-01

The concept of "coping styles", or consistently different responses to stressors, is of broad interest in behavioral ecology and biomedicine. Two critical predictions of this concept are individual consistency of neurophysiological and behavioral responses (relative to population variability) and a negative relationship between aggression/proactivity and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reactivity. Recent studies failed to provide strong support for these predictions, especially outside of strictly controlled conditions, and long-term measures to test the first prediction are rare. Here, we demonstrate individual repeatability across 2-3years of maximum circulating corticosterone concentration [CORT] and area under the [CORT] response curve (AUCI) during a standard capture-restraint test in wild, free-living adult Nazca boobies (Sula granti). We also show that the stress response predicts the personality traits aggression and anxiety in these birds (measured in the wild); however, the strength of these results was weak. Maximum [CORT] and AUCI showed higher repeatability between years than baseline [CORT]. After controlling breeding status, sex, mass, date sampled, and their interactions, baseline [CORT] was most closely related to personality traits, followed by AUCI, and then maximum [CORT]. The direction of these relationships depended on whether the testing context was social or non-social. [CORT] parameters had little to no relationship with cross-context plasticity in personality traits. Our results generally affirm two critical predictions of coping styles, but match the emerging trend that these relationships are weak in the wild, and may depend on testing context. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Mechanism and Dynamics of N-S Rifting in Southern Tibet: Insight From 3-D Thermomechanical Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pang, Yajin; Zhang, Huai; Gerya, Taras V.; Liao, Jie; Cheng, Huihong; Shi, Yaolin

2018-01-01

N-S trending rifts are widely distributed in southern Tibet, suggesting that this region is under E-W extension, behind the N-S collision between the Eurasia and India plates. Geophysical anomalies and Miocene magma extrusions indicate the presence of dispersed weak zones in the middle to lower crust in southern Tibet. These weak zones are partially located underneath the N-S rifting systems. In order to study the formation of rifts in collision zones, we have developed a high-resolution 3-D thermomechanical model of continental lithosphere with bidirectional compressional-extensional deformation, and spatially localized weak and low-density zones in the middle to lower crust. Our numerical experiments systematically reproduce the development of N-S trending rifts. Model results reveal that the weak middle to lower crust triggers the development of normal faults in the upper crust and surface uplift, whereas regions without such weak layer or with small-scale weak zones are characterized by strike-slip faulting. Geodynamic properties (density, depth, and geometry) of the weak middle to lower crust and Moho temperature notably influence the rifting pattern. In addition, rifting formation is critically controlled by large E-W extension, with the ratio of extensional to compressional strain rate larger than 1.5 in the model with continuous weak middle crust. Our simulated rifting patterns correlate well with the observations in southern Tibet; we conclude that a combination of the bidirectional compression-extension and the presence of locally weak middle to lower crust triggered the development of the rifting systems in southern Tibet.

A critical analysis of the numerical and analytical methods used in the construction of the lunar gravity potential model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tuckness, D. G.; Jost, B.

1995-08-01

Current knowledge of the lunar gravity field is presented. The various methods used in determining these gravity fields are investigated and analyzed. It will be shown that weaknesses exist in the current models of the lunar gravity field. The dominant part of this weakness is caused by the lack of lunar tracking data information (farside, polar areas), which makes modeling the total lunar potential difficult. Comparisons of the various lunar models reveal an agreement in the low-order coefficients of the Legendre polynomials expansions. However, substantial differences in the models can exist in the higher-order harmonics. The main purpose of this study is to assess today's lunar gravity field models for use in tomorrow's lunar mission designs and operations.

Weak imposition of frictionless contact constraints on automatically recovered high-order, embedded interfaces using the finite cell method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bog, Tino; Zander, Nils; Kollmannsberger, Stefan; Rank, Ernst

2018-04-01

The finite cell method (FCM) is a fictitious domain approach that greatly simplifies simulations involving complex structures. Recently, the FCM has been applied to contact problems. The current study continues in this field by extending the concept of weakly enforced boundary conditions to inequality constraints for frictionless contact. Furthermore, it formalizes an approach that automatically recovers high-order contact surfaces of (implicitly defined) embedded geometries by means of an extended Marching Cubes algorithm. To further improve the accuracy of the discretization, irregularities at the boundary of contact zones are treated with multi-level hp-refinements. Numerical results and a systematic study of h-, p- and hp-refinements show that the FCM can efficiently provide accurate results for problems involving contact.

Anisotropic Galaxy-Galaxy Lensing in the Illustris-1 Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brainerd, Tereasa G.

2017-06-01

In Cold Dark Matter universes, the dark matter halos of galaxies are expected to be triaxial, leading to a surface mass density that is not circularly symmetric. In principle, this "flattening" of the dark matter halos of galaxies should be observable as an anisotropy in the weak galaxy-galaxy lensing signal. The degree to which the weak lensing signal is observed to be anisotropic, however, will depend strongly on the degree to which mass (i.e., the dark matter) is aligned with light in the lensing galaxies. That is, the anisotropy will be maximized when the major axis of the projected mass distribution is well aligned with the projected light distribution of the lens galaxies. Observational studies of anisotropic galaxy-galaxy lensing have found an anisotropic weak lensing signal around massive, red galaxies. Detecting the signal around blue, disky galaxies has, however, been more elusive. A possible explanation for this is that mass and light are well aligned within red galaxies and poorly aligned within blue galaxies (an explanation that is supported by studies of the locations of satellites of large, relatively isolated galaxies). Here we compute the weak lensing signal of isolated central galaxies in the Illustris-1 simulation. We compute the anisotropy of the weak lensing signal using two definitions of the geometry: [1] the major axis of the projected dark matter mass distribution and [2] the major axis of the projected stellar mass. On projected scales less than 15% of the virial radius, an anisotropy of order 10% is found for both definitions of the geometry. On larger scales, the anisotropy computed relative to the major axis of the projected light distribution is less than the anisotropy computed relative to the major axis of the projected dark matter. On projected scales of order the virial radius, the anisotropy obtained when using the major axis of the light is an order of magnitude less than the anisotropy obtained when using the major axis of the dark matter. The suppression of the anisotropy when using the major axis of the light to define the geometry is indicative of a significant misalignment of mass and light in the Illustris-1 galaxies at large physical radii.

PAN AIR: A computer program for predicting subsonic or supersonic linear potential flows about arbitrary configurations using a higher order panel method. Volume 4: Maintenance document (version 3.0)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Purdon, David J.; Baruah, Pranab K.; Bussoletti, John E.; Epton, Michael A.; Massena, William A.; Nelson, Franklin D.; Tsurusaki, Kiyoharu

1990-01-01

The Maintenance Document Version 3.0 is a guide to the PAN AIR software system, a system which computes the subsonic or supersonic linear potential flow about a body of nearly arbitrary shape, using a higher order panel method. The document describes the overall system and each program module of the system. Sufficient detail is given for program maintenance, updating, and modification. It is assumed that the reader is familiar with programming and CRAY computer systems. The PAN AIR system was written in FORTRAN 4 language except for a few CAL language subroutines which exist in the PAN AIR library. Structured programming techniques were used to provide code documentation and maintainability. The operating systems accommodated are COS 1.11, COS 1.12, COS 1.13, and COS 1.14 on the CRAY 1S, 1M, and X-MP computing systems. The system is comprised of a data base management system, a program library, an execution control module, and nine separate FORTRAN technical modules. Each module calculates part of the posed PAN AIR problem. The data base manager is used to communicate between modules and within modules. The technical modules must be run in a prescribed fashion for each PAN AIR problem. In order to ease the problem of supplying the many JCL cards required to execute the modules, a set of CRAY procedures (PAPROCS) was created to automatically supply most of the JCL cards. Most of this document has not changed for Version 3.0. It now, however, strictly applies only to PAN AIR version 3.0. The major changes are: (1) additional sections covering the new FDP module (which calculates streamlines and offbody points); (2) a complete rewrite of the section on the MAG module; and (3) strict applicability to CRAY computing systems.

Perpendicular Diffusion Coefficient of Comic Rays: The Presence of Weak Adiabatic Focusing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, J. F.; Qin, G.; Ma, Q. M.; Song, T.; Yuan, S. B.

2017-08-01

The influence of adiabatic focusing on particle diffusion is an important topic in astrophysics and plasma physics. In the past, several authors have explored the influence of along-field adiabatic focusing on the parallel diffusion of charged energetic particles. In this paper, using the unified nonlinear transport theory developed by Shalchi and the method of He and Schlickeiser, we derive a new nonlinear perpendicular diffusion coefficient for a non-uniform background magnetic field. This formula demonstrates that the particle perpendicular diffusion coefficient is modified by along-field adiabatic focusing. For isotropic pitch-angle scattering and the weak adiabatic focusing limit, the derived perpendicular diffusion coefficient is independent of the sign of adiabatic focusing characteristic length. For the two-component model, we simplify the perpendicular diffusion coefficient up to the second order of the power series of the adiabatic focusing characteristic quantity. We find that the first-order modifying factor is equal to zero and that the sign of the second order is determined by the energy of the particles.

Antiferromagnetism and superconductivity in the half-Heusler semimetal HoPdBi

PubMed Central

Pavlosiuk, Orest; Kaczorowski, Dariusz; Fabreges, Xavier; Gukasov, Arsen; Wiśniewski, Piotr

2016-01-01

We observed the coexistence of superconductivity and antiferromagnetic order in the single-crystalline ternary pnictide HoPdBi, a plausible topological semimetal. The compound orders antiferromagnetically at TN = 1.9 K and exhibits superconductivity below Tc = 0.7 K, which was confirmed by magnetic, electrical transport and specific heat measurements. The specific heat shows anomalies corresponding to antiferromagnetic ordering transition and crystalline field effect, but not to superconducting transition. Single-crystal neutron diffraction indicates that the antiferromagnetic structure is characterized by the propagation vector. Temperature variation of the electrical resistivity reveals two parallel conducting channels of semiconducting and metallic character. In weak magnetic fields, the magnetoresistance exhibits weak antilocalization effect, while in strong fields and temperatures below 50 K it is large and negative. At temperatures below 7 K Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations with two frequencies appear in the resistivity. These oscillations have non-trivial Berry phase, which is a distinguished feature of Dirac fermions. PMID:26728755

Spin polarized photons from an axially charged plasma at weak coupling: Complete leading order

DOE PAGES

Mamo, Kiminad A.; Yee, Ho-Ung

2016-03-24

In the presence of (approximately conserved) axial charge in the QCD plasma at finite temperature, the emitted photons are spin aligned, which is a unique P- and CP-odd signature of axial charge in the photon emission observables. We compute this “P-odd photon emission rate” in a weak coupling regime at a high temperature limit to complete leading order in the QCD coupling constant: the leading log as well as the constant under the log. As in the P-even total emission rate in the literature, the computation of the P-odd emission rate at leading order consists of three parts: (1) Comptonmore » and pair annihilation processes with hard momentum exchange, (2) soft t- and u-channel contributions with hard thermal loop resummation, (3) Landau-Pomeranchuk-Migdal resummation of collinear bremsstrahlung and pair annihilation. In conclusion, we present analytical and numerical evaluations of these contributions to our P-odd photon emission rate observable.« less

Multifunctionality of nanocrystalline lanthanum ferrite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rai, Atma, E-mail: atma@iitp.ac.in; Thakur, Awalendra K.; Centre for Energy and Environment, Indian Institute of Technology Patna 800013 India

2016-05-06

Nanocrystalline lanthanum ferrite has been synthesized by adopting modified Pechini route. No evidence of impurity or secondary phase has been detected up to the detection of error limit of X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern reveals orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pnma (62).Crystallite size and lattice strain was found to be ∼42.8nm and 0.306% respectively. Optical band gap was found to be 2.109 eV, by UV-Visible diffused reflectance spectrum (DRS). Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area was found to be ∼3.45 m{sup 2}/g. Magnetization-hysteresis (M-H) loop was recorded at room temperature (300K) reveals weak ferromagnetism in Nanocrystalline lanthanummore » ferrite. The weak ferromagnetism in lanthanum ferrite is due to the uncompensated antiferromagnetic spin ordering. Ferroelectric loop hysteresis observed at room temperature at 100Hz depicts the presence of ferroelectric ordering in LaFeO{sub 3}.Simultanious presence of magnetic and ferroelectric ordering at room temperature makes it suitable candidate of Multiferroic family.« less

Multifunctionality of nanocrystalline lanthanum ferrite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rai, Atma; Thakur, Awalendra K.

2016-05-01

Nanocrystalline lanthanum ferrite has been synthesized by adopting modified Pechini route. No evidence of impurity or secondary phase has been detected up to the detection of error limit of X-ray diffractometer (XRD). Rietveld refinement of X-ray diffraction pattern reveals orthorhombic crystal system with space group Pnma (62).Crystallite size and lattice strain was found to be ˜42.8nm and 0.306% respectively. Optical band gap was found to be 2.109 eV, by UV-Visible diffused reflectance spectrum (DRS). Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) surface area was found to be ˜3.45 m2/g. Magnetization-hysteresis (M-H) loop was recorded at room temperature (300K) reveals weak ferromagnetism in Nanocrystalline lanthanum ferrite. The weak ferromagnetism in lanthanum ferrite is due to the uncompensated antiferromagnetic spin ordering. Ferroelectric loop hysteresis observed at room temperature at 100Hz depicts the presence of ferroelectric ordering in LaFeO3.Simultanious presence of magnetic and ferroelectric ordering at room temperature makes it suitable candidate of Multiferroic family.

Emergence of spike correlations in periodically forced excitable systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reinoso, José A.; Torrent, M. C.; Masoller, Cristina

2016-09-01

In sensory neurons the presence of noise can facilitate the detection of weak information-carrying signals, which are encoded and transmitted via correlated sequences of spikes. Here we investigate the relative temporal order in spike sequences induced by a subthreshold periodic input in the presence of white Gaussian noise. To simulate the spikes, we use the FitzHugh-Nagumo model and to investigate the output sequence of interspike intervals (ISIs), we use the symbolic method of ordinal analysis. We find different types of relative temporal order in the form of preferred ordinal patterns that depend on both the strength of the noise and the period of the input signal. We also demonstrate a resonancelike behavior, as certain periods and noise levels enhance temporal ordering in the ISI sequence, maximizing the probability of the preferred patterns. Our findings could be relevant for understanding the mechanisms underlying temporal coding, by which single sensory neurons represent in spike sequences the information about weak periodic stimuli.

Coupling of order parameters, chirality, and interfacial structures in multiferroic materials.

PubMed

Conti, Sergio; Müller, Stefan; Poliakovsky, Arkady; Salje, Ekhard K H

2011-04-13

We study optimal interfacial structures in multiferroic materials with a biquadratic coupling between two order parameters. We discover a new duality relation between the strong coupling and the weak coupling regime for the case of isotropic gradient terms. We analyze the phase diagram depending on the coupling constant and anisotropy of the gradient term, and show that in a certain regime the secondary order parameter becomes activated only in the interfacial region.

Shock Effect or Ships Passing in the Night: The Role of Armored Forces in Fourth Generation Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-23

effects- based planning, by immediately making clear the limitations and constraints of the use of such force. It is certain that as an instrument of the...advantage of the weaknesses of disorder; conversely, disorder takes advantage of the weaknesses of order. Based upon the strategic aims of the...generations of war with their overlapping political, economic, social , military, and mass media arenas makes determining the type of war we are entering more

General relativistic corrections to the weak lensing convergence power spectrum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giblin, John T.; Mertens, James B.; Starkman, Glenn D.; Zentner, Andrew R.

2017-11-01

We compute the weak lensing convergence power spectrum, Cℓκκ, in a dust-filled universe using fully nonlinear general relativistic simulations. The spectrum is then compared to more standard, approximate calculations by computing the Bardeen (Newtonian) potentials in linearized gravity and partially utilizing the Born approximation. We find corrections to the angular power spectrum amplitude of order ten percent at very large angular scales, ℓ˜2 - 3 , and percent-level corrections at intermediate angular scales of ℓ˜20 - 30 .

Gapped boundary phases of topological insulators via weak coupling

DOE PAGES

Seiberg, Nathan; Witten, Edward

2016-11-04

The standard boundary state of a topological insulator in 3 + 1 dimensions has gapless charged fermions. We present model systems that reproduce this standard gapless boundary state in one phase, but also have gapped phases with topological order. Our models are weakly coupled and all the dynamics is explicit. We rederive some known boundary states of topological insulators and construct new ones. Consistency with the standard spin/charge relation of condensed matter physics places a nontrivial constraint on models

VLBI phase-referencing for observations of weak radio sources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lestrade, J.-F.

1991-01-01

Phase-referencing is a technique used in VLBI to extend the signal coherence time from a few minutes to a few hours in order to enhance significantly its sensitivity. With this technique, VLBI observations of milliJansky radio sources can be conducted for high-accuracy differential astrometry as well as imaging. We describe the technique in some details and present, as an example, a submilliarcsecond differential astrometric experiment design to identify the star responsible for the weak radio emission in the binary system Algol.

The effect of gun control laws on hospital admissions for children in the United States.

PubMed

Tashiro, Jun; Lane, Rebecca S; Blass, Lawrence W; Perez, Eduardo A; Sola, Juan E

2016-10-01

Gun control laws vary greatly between states within the United States. We hypothesized that states with strict gun laws have lower mortality and resource utilization rates from pediatric firearms-related injury admissions. Kids' Inpatient Database (1997-2012) was searched for accidental (E922), self-inflicted (E955), assault (E965), legal intervention-related (E970), or undetermined circumstance (E985) firearm injuries. Patients were younger than 20 years and admitted for their injuries. Case incidence trends were examined for the study period. Propensity score-matched analyses were performed using 38 covariates to compare outcomes between states with strict or lenient gun control laws. Overall, 38,424 cases were identified, with an overall mortality of 7%. Firearm injuries were most commonly assault (64%), followed by accidental (25%), undetermined circumstance (7%), or self-inflicted (3%). A small minority involved military-grade weapons (0.2%). Most cases occurred in lenient gun control states (48%), followed by strict (47%) and neutral (6%).On 1:1 propensity score-matched analysis, in-hospital mortality by case was higher in lenient (7.5%) versus strict (6.5%) states, p = 0.013. Lenient states had a proportionally higher rate of accidental (31%) and self-inflicted injury (4%) versus strict states (17% and 1.6%, respectively), p < 0.001. Assault-related injuries were proportionally lower in lenient (54%) versus strict (75%) states, p < 0.001. Military-grade weapons were more common in lenient (0.4%) versus strict (0.1%) states, p = 0.001. These findings highlight the importance of legislative measures and their role in injury prevention, as firearm injuries are entirely avoidable mechanisms of injury. Lenient gun control contributes not only to worse outcomes per case, but also to a more significant and detrimental impact on public health. Epidemiologic study, level III.

Experimental investigation of residual stress distribution during turning of weak stiffness revolving parts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiao, Sicheng; Zhang, Chengyan; Liu, Guancheng; Lu, Jiping; Tang, Shuiyuan

2017-08-01

A series of turning experiments have been carried out to study the effect of different cutting speed, feed rate and pre-tightening torque on residual stress distribution during turning of weak stiffness revolving parts. Surface residual stress and the peak residual compressive stress are selected from the typical residual stress distribution profile. The residual stress by turning was measured by X-ray diffraction method. In order to get the distribution of residual stress along depth direction, the specimens need to be etched layer by layer. From this investigation, it can be concluded that it is practicable to control the distribution of residual stress by changing the pre-tightening torque and cutting parameters during turning of weak stiffness revolving parts.

Global, finite energy, weak solutions for the NLS with rough, time-dependent magnetic potentials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonelli, Paolo; Michelangeli, Alessandro; Scandone, Raffaele

2018-04-01

We prove the existence of weak solutions in the space of energy for a class of nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the presence of a external, rough, time-dependent magnetic potential. Under our assumptions, it is not possible to study the problem by means of usual arguments like resolvent techniques or Fourier integral operators, for example. We use a parabolic regularisation, and we solve the approximating Cauchy problem. This is achieved by obtaining suitable smoothing estimates for the dissipative evolution. The total mass and energy bounds allow to extend the solution globally in time. We then infer sufficient compactness properties in order to produce a global-in-time finite energy weak solution to our original problem.

A STRICTLY CONTRACTIVE PEACEMAN-RACHFORD SPLITTING METHOD FOR CONVEX PROGRAMMING.

PubMed

Bingsheng, He; Liu, Han; Wang, Zhaoran; Yuan, Xiaoming

2014-07-01

In this paper, we focus on the application of the Peaceman-Rachford splitting method (PRSM) to a convex minimization model with linear constraints and a separable objective function. Compared to the Douglas-Rachford splitting method (DRSM), another splitting method from which the alternating direction method of multipliers originates, PRSM requires more restrictive assumptions to ensure its convergence, while it is always faster whenever it is convergent. We first illustrate that the reason for this difference is that the iterative sequence generated by DRSM is strictly contractive, while that generated by PRSM is only contractive with respect to the solution set of the model. With only the convexity assumption on the objective function of the model under consideration, the convergence of PRSM is not guaranteed. But for this case, we show that the first t iterations of PRSM still enable us to find an approximate solution with an accuracy of O (1/ t ). A worst-case O (1/ t ) convergence rate of PRSM in the ergodic sense is thus established under mild assumptions. After that, we suggest attaching an underdetermined relaxation factor with PRSM to guarantee the strict contraction of its iterative sequence and thus propose a strictly contractive PRSM. A worst-case O (1/ t ) convergence rate of this strictly contractive PRSM in a nonergodic sense is established. We show the numerical efficiency of the strictly contractive PRSM by some applications in statistical learning and image processing.

High-order time-marching reinitialization for regional level-set functions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, Shucheng; Lyu, Xiuxiu; Hu, Xiangyu Y.; Adams, Nikolaus A.

2018-02-01

In this work, the time-marching reinitialization method is extended to compute the unsigned distance function in multi-region systems involving arbitrary number of regions. High order and interface preservation are achieved by applying a simple mapping that transforms the regional level-set function to the level-set function and a high-order two-step reinitialization method which is a combination of the closest point finding procedure and the HJ-WENO scheme. The convergence failure of the closest point finding procedure in three dimensions is addressed by employing a proposed multiple junction treatment and a directional optimization algorithm. Simple test cases show that our method exhibits 4th-order accuracy for reinitializing the regional level-set functions and strictly satisfies the interface-preserving property. The reinitialization results for more complex cases with randomly generated diagrams show the capability our method for arbitrary number of regions N, with a computational effort independent of N. The proposed method has been applied to dynamic interfaces with different types of flows, and the results demonstrate high accuracy and robustness.

Equivalent Relaxations of Optimal Power Flow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bose, S; Low, SH; Teeraratkul, T

2015-03-01

Several convex relaxations of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem have recently been developed using both bus injection models and branch flow models. In this paper, we prove relations among three convex relaxations: a semidefinite relaxation that computes a full matrix, a chordal relaxation based on a chordal extension of the network graph, and a second-order cone relaxation that computes the smallest partial matrix. We prove a bijection between the feasible sets of the OPF in the bus injection model and the branch flow model, establishing the equivalence of these two models and their second-order cone relaxations. Our results implymore » that, for radial networks, all these relaxations are equivalent and one should always solve the second-order cone relaxation. For mesh networks, the semidefinite relaxation and the chordal relaxation are equally tight and both are strictly tighter than the second-order cone relaxation. Therefore, for mesh networks, one should either solve the chordal relaxation or the SOCP relaxation, trading off tightness and the required computational effort. Simulations are used to illustrate these results.« less

Is the 'superhot' hard X-ray component in solar flares consistent with a thermal source?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emslie, A. Gordon; Coffey, Victoria Newman; Schwartz, Richard A.

1989-01-01

It has been shown by Brown and Emslie (1988) that any optically thin thermal bremsstrahlung source must emit an energy spectrum L(epsilon)(keV/s per keV) which has the property that higher derivatives alternate in sign. In this short note, this test is applied to the 'superhot' component discussed by Lin et al. (1981) in order to determine whether a strictly thermal interpretation of this component is valid. All statistically significant higher derivatives do indeed have the correct sign; this strengthens the identification of this component as due to a thermal source.

Garment selection for cleanrooms and controlled environments for spacecraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Watts, Ethel J.

Strict contamination control practices are exercised throughout the lifetime of a spacecraft in order to satisfy the performance requirements of the system. Spacecraft materials are carefully selected to have low outgassing values and particulate deposition. Parts are cleaned, and the vehicle is assembled in cleanrooms and work stations having controlled environments. Specifications are examined which govern the selection of special items of clothing designed to protect spacecraft from contaminants released by personnel and by garments. Special clothing includes coveralls, footwear, and head/face covers. Garments appropriate for both hazardous (meltproof as well as flame resistant), and nonhazardous operations are described.

[Renal denervation in resistant hypertension: proposal for a common multidisciplinary attitude].

PubMed

Muller, Olivier; Qanadli, Salah D; Waeber, Bernard; Wuerzner, Grégoire

2012-05-30

The prevalence of resistant hypertension ranges between 5-30%. Patients with resistant hypertension are at increased risk of cardiovascular events. Radiofrequency renal denervation is a recent and promising technique that can be used in the setting of resistant hypertension. However, long-term safety and efficacy data are lacking and evidence to use this procedure outside the strict setting of resistant hypertension is missing. The aim of the article is to propose a common work-up for nephrologists, hypertensiologists, cardiologists and interventional radiologists in order to avoid inappropriate selection of patients and a possible misuse of this procedure.

Size illusion, distance illusion, and terrestrial passage: comment on reed.

PubMed

Loftus, G R

1985-03-01

Two assumptions of Reed's (1984) terrestrial passage theory are questioned. First, Reed assumes that the moon's failure to increase in visual subtense while elevating is accounted for strictly by perceptual distancing. This allows a formal account of the moon distance illusion, but at the expense of a compelling explanation of the moon size illusion. Second, in order to explain the distance illusion, Reed assumes that all objects, regardless of their perceived altitude, are perceived to start from a common point at the horizon. Several alternative application of Reed's terrestrial-passage foundation to the actual illusions are suggested.

Higher-order continuation for the determination of robot workspace boundaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hentz, Gauthier; Charpentier, Isabelle; Renaud, Pierre

2016-02-01

In the medical and surgical fields, robotics may be of great interest for safer and more accurate procedures. Space constraints for a robotic assistant are however strict. Therefore, roboticists study non-conventional mechanisms with advantageous size/workspace ratios. The determination of mechanism workspace, and primarily its boundaries, is thus of major importance. This Note builds on boundary equation definition, continuation and automatic differentiation to propose a general, accurate, fast and automated method for the determination of mechanism workspace. The method is illustrated with a planar RRR mechanism and a three-dimensional Orthoglide parallel mechanism.

Risk-based approach in valuation of workplace injury rate for transportation and construction industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pykhtin, Kirill; Simankina, Tatiana; Sharmanov, Vladimir; Kopytova, Anna

2017-10-01

The danger of injuries and accidents in various industries such as transportation and construction urges the government to control the occupational health and safety more strictly. However, in order to do so with the minimal costs modern risk management tools, have to be implemented. Risk-based approach is an essential tool for competent risk- assessment and used in a great variety of other countries, demonstrating great results in providing of safe working environment. The article describes the problems that the implementation of the method faces in Russia and suggests certain ways to resolve them.

Evolution: the dialogue between life and death

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holliday, robin

1997-12-01

Organisms have the ability to harness energy from the environment to create order and to reproduce. From early error-prone systems natural selection acted to produce present day organisms with high accuracy in the synthesis of macromolecules. The environment imposes strict limits on reproduction, so evolution is always accompanied by the discarding of a large proportion of the less fit cells, or organisms. Sexual reproduction depends on an immortal germline and a soma which may be immortal or mortal. Higher animals living in hazardous environments have evolved aging and death of the soma for the benefit of the ongoing germline.

Combustion Control System Design of Diesel Engine via ASPR based Output Feedback Control Strategy with a PFC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizumoto, Ikuro; Tsunematsu, Junpei; Fujii, Seiya

2016-09-01

In this paper, a design method of an output feedback control system with a simple feedforward input for a combustion model of diesel engine will be proposed based on the almost strictly positive real-ness (ASPR-ness) of the controlled system for a combustion control of diesel engines. A parallel feedforward compensator (PFC) design scheme which renders the resulting augmented controlled system ASPR will also be proposed in order to design a stable output feedback control system for the considered combustion model. The effectiveness of our proposed method will be confirmed through numerical simulations.

A traveling-salesman-based approach to aircraft scheduling in the terminal area

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luenberger, Robert A.

1988-01-01

An efficient algorithm is presented, based on the well-known algorithm for the traveling salesman problem, for scheduling aircraft arrivals into major terminal areas. The algorithm permits, but strictly limits, reassigning an aircraft from its initial position in the landing order. This limitation is needed so that no aircraft or aircraft category is unduly penalized. Results indicate, for the mix of arrivals investigated, a potential increase in capacity in the 3 to 5 percent range. Furthermore, it is shown that the computation time for the algorithm grows only linearly with problem size.

Refinements of nonuniform estimates of the rate of convergence in the CLT to a stable law

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bloznyalis, M.

1994-10-25

In this paper we construct new nonuniform estimates for the rate of convergence to the strictly stable distribution with exponent {alpha} {element_of} [0, 2] in a finite-dimensional CLT. This paper is a continuation of [1,7]. The nonuniform estimates obtained here in terms of truncated pseudomoments (see Theorems 1, 2 below) have in certain cases a better order of decrease than the corresponding estimates [1, 7], where pseudomoments have been used. In the proofs of Theorems 1, 2 we have used basically the methods of [1, 7, 8].

Role of biaxial strain and microscopic ordering for structural and electronic properties of InxGa1 -xN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cui, Ying; Lee, Sangheon; Freysoldt, Christoph; Neugebauer, Jörg

2015-08-01

The structural and electronic properties of InxGa1 -xN alloys are studied as a function of c -plane biaxial strain and In ordering by density functional theory with the Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof (HSE) hybrid functional. A nonlinear variation of the c lattice parameter with In content is observed in biaxial strain and should be taken into account when deducing In content from interplanar distances. From compressive to tensile strain, the character of the top valence-band state changes, leading to a nonlinear variation of the band gap in InxGa1 -xN . Interestingly, the well-known bowing of the InxGa1 -xN band gap is largely removed for alloys grown strictly coherently on GaN, while the actual values for band gaps at x <0.33 are hardly affected by strain. Ordering plays a minor role for lattice constants but may induce changes of the band gap up to 0.15 eV.

Low-order black-box models for control system design in large power systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kamwa, I.; Trudel, G.; Gerin-Lajoie, L.

1996-02-01

The paper studies two multi-input multi-output (MIMO) procedures for the identification of low-order state-space models of power systems, by probing the network in open loop with low-energy pulses or random signals. Although such data may result from actual measurements, the development assumes simulated responses from a transient stability program, hence benefiting from the existing large base of stability models. While pulse data is processed using the eigensystem realization algorithm, the analysis of random responses is done by means of subspace identification methods. On a prototype Hydro-Quebec power system, including SVCs, DC lines, series compensation, and more than 1,100 buses, itmore » is verified that the two approaches are equivalent only when strict requirements are imposed on the pulse length and magnitude. The 10th-order equivalent models derived by random-signal probing allow for effective tuning of decentralized power system stabilizers (PSSs) able to damp both local and very slow inter-area modes.« less

Low-order black-box models for control system design in large power systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kamwa, I.; Trudel, G.; Gerin-Lajoie, L.

1995-12-31

The paper studies two multi-input multi-output (MIMO) procedures for the identification of low-order state-space models of power systems, by probing the network in open loop with low-energy pulses or random signals. Although such data may result from actual measurements, the development assumes simulated responses from a transient stability program, hence benefiting form the existing large base of stability models. While pulse data is processed using the eigensystem realization algorithm, the analysis of random responses is done by means of subspace identification methods. On a prototype Hydro-Quebec power system, including SVCs, DC lines, series compensation, and more than 1,100 buses, itmore » is verified that the two approaches are equivalent only when strict requirements are imposed on the pulse length and magnitude. The 10th-order equivalent models derived by random-signal probing allow for effective tuning of decentralized power system stabilizers (PSSs) able to damp both local and very slow inter-area modes.« less

Fee-for-service payment - an evil practice that must be stamped out?

PubMed

Ikegami, Naoki

2015-02-01

Co-opting physicians to regulate Fee-for-Service (FFS) payment is more feasible and simpler to administer than capitation, Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) and pay-for-performance. The key lies in designing and revising the fee schedule, which not only defines and sets the fee for each item, but also the conditions of billing. Adherence to these regulations must be strictly audited in order to control volume and costs, and to assure quality. The fee schedule requires periodic revisions on an item-by-item basis in order to maintain balance among the providers, to list new drugs, devices and equipment, and to reflect the lower market prices of existing ones. Implementing the fee schedule will facilitate the control of balance billing and extra billing, and the introduction of more sophisticated methods of payment in the future.

Holographic bulk reconstruction with α' corrections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Shubho R.; Sarkar, Debajyoti

2017-10-01

We outline a holographic recipe to reconstruct α' corrections to anti-de Sitter (AdS) (quantum) gravity from an underlying CFT in the strictly planar limit (N →∞ ). Assuming that the boundary CFT can be solved in principle to all orders of the 't Hooft coupling λ , for scalar primary operators, the λ-1 expansion of the conformal dimensions can be mapped to higher curvature corrections of the dual bulk scalar field action. Furthermore, for the metric perturbations in the bulk, the AdS /CFT operator-field isomorphism forces these corrections to be of the Lovelock type. We demonstrate this by reconstructing the coefficient of the leading Lovelock correction, also known as the Gauss-Bonnet term in a bulk AdS gravity action using the expression of stress-tensor two-point function up to subleading order in λ-1.

Alternative method of quantum state tomography toward a typical target via a weak-value measurement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Xi; Dai, Hong-Yi; Yang, Le; Zhang, Ming

2018-03-01

There is usually a limitation of weak interaction on the application of weak-value measurement. This limitation dominates the performance of the quantum state tomography toward a typical target in the finite and high-dimensional complex-valued superposition of its basis states, especially when the compressive sensing technique is also employed. Here we propose an alternative method of quantum state tomography, presented as a general model, toward such typical target via weak-value measurement to overcome such limitation. In this model the pointer for the weak-value measurement is a qubit, and the target-pointer coupling interaction is no longer needed within the weak interaction limitation, meanwhile this interaction under the compressive sensing can be described with the Taylor series of the unitary evolution operator. The postselection state at the target is the equal superposition of all basis states, and the pointer readouts are gathered under multiple Pauli operator measurements. The reconstructed quantum state is generated from an optimization algorithm of total variation augmented Lagrangian alternating direction algorithm. Furthermore, we demonstrate an example of this general model for the quantum state tomography toward the planar laser-energy distribution and discuss the relations among some parameters at both our general model and the original first-order approximate model for this tomography.

Efficiency of perfectly matched layers for seismic wave modeling in second-order viscoelastic equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ping, Ping; Zhang, Yu; Xu, Yixian; Chu, Risheng

2016-12-01

In order to improve the perfectly matched layer (PML) efficiency in viscoelastic media, we first propose a split multi-axial PML (M-PML) and an unsplit convolutional PML (C-PML) in the second-order viscoelastic wave equations with the displacement as the only unknown. The advantage of these formulations is that it is easy and efficient to revise the existing codes of the second-order spectral element method (SEM) or finite-element method (FEM) with absorbing boundaries in a uniform equation, as well as more economical than the auxiliary differential equations PML. Three models which are easily suffered from late time instabilities are considered to validate our approaches. Through comparison the M-PML with C-PML efficiency of absorption and stability for long time simulation, it can be concluded that: (1) for an isotropic viscoelastic medium with high Poisson's ratio, the C-PML will be a sufficient choice for long time simulation because of its weak reflections and superior stability; (2) unlike the M-PML with high-order damping profile, the M-PML with second-order damping profile loses its stability in long time simulation for an isotropic viscoelastic medium; (3) in an anisotropic viscoelastic medium, the C-PML suffers from instabilities, while the M-PML with second-order damping profile can be a better choice for its superior stability and more acceptable weak reflections than the M-PML with high-order damping profile. The comparative analysis of the developed methods offers meaningful significance for long time seismic wave modeling in second-order viscoelastic wave equations.

The Effects of Wave Escape on Fast Magnetosonic Wave Turbulence in Solar Flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pongkitiwanichakul, Peera; Chandran, Benjamin D. G.; Karpen, Judith T.; DeVore, C. Richard

2012-01-01

One of the leading models for electron acceleration in solar flares is stochastic acceleration by weakly turbulent fast magnetosonic waves ("fast waves"). In this model, large-scale flows triggered by magnetic reconnection excite large-wavelength fast waves, and fast-wave energy then cascades from large wavelengths to small wavelengths. Electron acceleration by large-wavelength fast-waves is weak, and so the model relies on the small-wavelength waves produced by the turbulent cascade. In order for the model to work, the energy cascade time for large-wavelength fast waves must be shorter than the time required for the waves to propagate out of the solar-flare acceleration region. To investigate the effects of wave escape, we solve the wave kinetic equation for fast waves in weak turbulence theory, supplemented with a homogeneous wave-loss term.We find that the amplitude of large-wavelength fast waves must exceed a minimum threshold in order for a significant fraction of the wave energy to cascade to small wavelengths before the waves leave the acceleration region.We evaluate this threshold as a function of the dominant wavelength of the fast waves that are initially excited by reconnection outflows.

Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Need-Supportive Teaching Style Scale for Physical Education.

PubMed

Liu, Jing-Dong; Chung, Pak-Kwong

2017-08-01

The purpose of the current study was to examine the factor structure and measurement invariance of a scale measuring students' perceptions of need-supportive teaching (Need-Supportive Teaching Style Scale in Physical Education; NSTSSPE). We sampled 615 secondary school students in Hong Kong, 200 of whom also completed a follow-up assessment two months later. Factor structure of the scale was examined through exploratory structural equation modeling (ESEM). Further, nomological validity of the NSTSSPE was evaluated by examining the relationships between need-supportive teaching style and student satisfaction of psychological needs. Finally, four measurement models-configural, metric invariance, scalar invariance, and item uniqueness invariance-were assessed using multiple group ESEM to test the measurement invariance of the scale across gender, grade, and time. ESEM results suggested a three-factor structure of the NSTSSPE. Nomological validity was supported, and weak, strong, and strict measurement invariance of the NSTSSPE was evidenced across gender, grade, and time. The current study provides initial psychometric support for the NSTSSPE to assess student perceptions of teachers' need-supportive teaching style in physical education classes.

On the Influence of the Coupling Strength among Chua’s Circuits on the Structure of Their Hyper-Chaotic Attractors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freud, Sven; Plaga, Rainer; Breithaupt, Ralph

2016-06-01

The hyper-chaotic strange attractor of systems of four Chua’s circuits that are mutually coupled by three strong and three weak couplings is studied, both experimentally and via simulation. A new metric to compare strange attractors is presented. It is found that the strength of the couplings between circuits have a complex and determining influence on the probability for the presence of a trajectory within their attractors. This influence is strictly local, i.e. the probability of the presence of the trajectories is determined by the coupling strength to the directly adjacent circuits and independent of the coupling strengths among other circuits. Fluctuations in the properties of Chua’s circuits due to random fluctuations during the production of its components have a significant influence on the probability of presence of the attractor’s trajectories that could be qualitatively, but not quantitatively, modeled by our simulation. The consequences of these results for the possibility to construct “physical unclonable functions” as networks of Chua’s circuits with a hyper-chaotic dynamics are discussed.

Shear viscosity to entropy density ratios and implications for (im)perfect fluidity in Fermionic and Bosonic superfluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyack, Rufus; Guo, Hao; Levin, K.

2015-03-01

Recent experiments on both unitary Fermi gases and high temperature superconductors (arxiv:1410.4835 [cond-mat.quant-gas], arxiv:1409.5820 [cond-mat.str-el].) have led to renewed interest in near perfect fluidity in condensed matter systems. This is quantified by studying the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density. In this talk we present calculations of this ratio in homogeneous bosonic and fermionic superfluids, with the latter ranging from BCS to BEC. While the shear viscosity exhibits a power law (for bosons) or exponential suppression (for fermions), a similar dependence is found for the respective entropy densities. As a result, strict BCS and (true) bosonic superfluids have an analogous viscosity to entropy density ratio, behaving linearly with temperature times the (T-dependent) dissipation rate; this is characteristic of imperfect fluidity in weakly coupled fluids. This is contrasted with the behavior of fermions at unitarity which we argue is a consequence of additional terms in the entropy density thereby leading to more perfect fluidity. (arXiv:1407.7572v1 [cond-mat.quant-gas])

Syntheses and characterizations of transition-metal-substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves |(C3N2H5) 8|[M8Al16P24O96] (M = Co, Mn, Zn) with zeotype LAU topology.

PubMed

Song, Xiaowei; Li, Jiyang; Guo, Yanan; Pan, Qinhe; Gan, Lin; Yu, Jihong; Xu, Ruren

2009-01-05

Three transitional-metal-substituted aluminophosphate molecular sieves, |(C3N2H5)8|[M8Al16P24O96] (denoted MAPO-LAU, M = Co, Mn, Zn), have been synthesized under solvothermal conditions in the presence of imidazole as the structure-directing agent. Their structures are determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and further characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma, thermogravimetric, and diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV-vis) analyses. The structure of MAPO-LAU is based on the strict alternation of MO4/AlO4 tetrahedra and PO4 tetrahedra through vertex oxygen atoms. Their frameworks are analogous to the zeotype LAU structure in which 33% of the aluminum sites are replaced by transitional-metal ions. The protonated imidazole cations resided in the 10-ring channels. These compounds show photoluminescent properties due to the existence of imidazole molecules in the structures. Magnetic measurements reveal that there is very weak antiferromagnetic interaction among the metal centers of MnAPO-LAU.

WEREWOLF, a Regulator of Root Hair Pattern Formation, Controls Flowering Time through the Regulation of FT mRNA Stability1[C][W][OA

PubMed Central

Seo, Eunjoo; Yu, Jihyeon; Ryu, Kook Hui; Lee, Myeong Min; Lee, Ilha

2011-01-01

A key floral activator, FT, integrates stimuli from long-day, vernalization, and autonomous pathways and triggers flowering by directly regulating floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Since a small amount of FT transcript is sufficient for flowering, the FT level is strictly regulated by diverse genes. In this study, we show that WEREWOLF (WER), a MYB transcription factor regulating root hair pattern, is another regulator of FT. The mutant wer flowers late in long days but normal in short days and shows a weak sensitivity to vernalization, which indicates that WER controls flowering time through the photoperiod pathway. The expression and double mutant analyses showed that WER modulates FT transcript level independent of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS C. The histological analysis of WER shows that it is expressed in the epidermis of leaves, where FT is not expressed. Consistently, WER regulates not the transcription but the stability of FT mRNA. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of FT that is non cell autonomous. PMID:21653190

WEREWOLF, a regulator of root hair pattern formation, controls flowering time through the regulation of FT mRNA stability.

PubMed

Seo, Eunjoo; Yu, Jihyeon; Ryu, Kook Hui; Lee, Myeong Min; Lee, Ilha

2011-08-01

A key floral activator, FT, integrates stimuli from long-day, vernalization, and autonomous pathways and triggers flowering by directly regulating floral meristem identity genes in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). Since a small amount of FT transcript is sufficient for flowering, the FT level is strictly regulated by diverse genes. In this study, we show that WEREWOLF (WER), a MYB transcription factor regulating root hair pattern, is another regulator of FT. The mutant wer flowers late in long days but normal in short days and shows a weak sensitivity to vernalization, which indicates that WER controls flowering time through the photoperiod pathway. The expression and double mutant analyses showed that WER modulates FT transcript level independent of CONSTANS and FLOWERING LOCUS C. The histological analysis of WER shows that it is expressed in the epidermis of leaves, where FT is not expressed. Consistently, WER regulates not the transcription but the stability of FT mRNA. Our results reveal a novel regulatory mechanism of FT that is non cell autonomous.

Reconsidering Planning and Management of Medical Devices Procurement in Public Health Services in Cyprus

PubMed Central

Theodorou, Mamas; Georgiou, Marina; Nikolentzos, Athanasios; Bellali, Thalia

2015-01-01

Hospital procurement is a crucial field for any health care system, not only for economic reasons but also for reasons related to the quality and safety of the services provided. That is why the process of procurement is, in most countries, governed by a strict legal framework and policy mechanisms. This study investigates the problems and inefficiencies associated with the procurement of medical devices in public hospitals in Cyprus and formulates empirically documented proposals for improvement. Using the Delphi method, a group of 38 experts approach the procurement system in Cyprus from different angles, achieving high rates of consensus on 35 different statements on the weaknesses and problems of the current medical device procurement system, as well as presenting proposals and recommendations for improvement. The findings are highly valuable for future policy initiatives in Cyprus in the light of the economic crisis and the expected implementation of the new General Health Insurance System (GeSY), which the Government of the Republic of Cyprus and the Troika has agreed. PMID:26153175

MLL-ENL cooperates with SCF to transform primary avian multipotent cells.

PubMed

Schulte, Cathleen E; von Lindern, Marieke; Steinlein, Peter; Beug, Hartmut; Wiedemann, Leanne M

2002-08-15

The MLL gene is targeted by chromosomal translocations, which give rise to heterologous MLL fusion proteins and are associated with distinct types of acute lymphoid and myeloid leukaemia. To determine how MLL fusion proteins alter the proliferation and/or differentiation of primary haematopoietic progenitors, we introduced the MLL-AF9 and MLL-ENL fusion proteins into primary chicken bone marrow cells. Both fusion proteins caused the sustained outgrowth of immature haematopoietic cells, which was strictly dependent on stem cell factor (SCF). The renewing cells have a long in vitro lifespan exceeding the Hayflick limit of avian cells. Analysis of clonal cultures identified the renewing cells as immature, multipotent progenitors, expressing erythroid, myeloid, lymphoid and stem cell surface markers. Employing a two-step commitment/differentiation protocol involving the controlled withdrawal of SCF, the MLL-ENL-transformed progenitors could be induced to terminal erythroid or myeloid differentiation. Finally, in cooperation with the weakly leukaemogenic receptor tyrosine kinase v-Sea, the MLL-ENL fusion protein gave rise to multilineage leukaemia in chicks, suggesting that other activated, receptor tyrosine kinases can substitute for ligand-activated c-Kit in vivo.

A gestalt account of lightness illusions.

PubMed

Gilchrist, Alan

2014-01-01

Illusions of lightness offer valuable clues to how lightness values are computed by the visual system. The traditional domain of lightness illusions must be expanded to include failures of constancy, as there is no distinction between these categories. Just as lightness is (relatively) constant in the face of changes in illumination level, so it is equally constant in the face of changes in background reflectance. Simultaneous lightness contrast, the most familiar lightness illusion, is fairly weak, and represents a failure of background-independent lightness constancy. It is argued that a combination of the highest-luminance rule of anchoring plus the Kardos idea of codetermination can account for most lightness illusions. Kardos suggested that the lightness value of a target surface is partly determined relative to the field of illumination (or framework) in which it is embedded, and partly relative to the neighboring field of illumination. Although Kardos did not apply his principle of codetermination to failures of background-independent constancy such as the simultaneous contrast illusion, this can be done rather easily by defining a framework as a perceptual group instead of identifying it strictly with an objective field of illumination.

Deriving photometric redshifts using fuzzy archetypes and self-organizing maps - II. Implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Speagle, Joshua S.; Eisenstein, Daniel J.

2017-07-01

With an eye towards the computational requirements of future large-scale surveys such as Euclid and Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) that will require photometric redshifts (photo-z's) for ≳ 109 objects, we investigate a variety of ways that 'fuzzy archetypes' can be used to improve photometric redshifts and explore their respective statistical interpretations. We characterize their relative performance using an idealized LSST ugrizY and Euclid YJH mock catalogue of 10 000 objects spanning z = 0-6 at Y = 24 mag. We find most schemes are able to robustly identify redshift probability distribution functions that are multimodal and/or poorly constrained. Once these objects are flagged and removed, the results are generally in good agreement with the strict accuracy requirements necessary to meet Euclid weak lensing goals for most redshifts between 0.8 ≲ z ≲ 2. These results demonstrate the statistical robustness and flexibility that can be gained by combining template-fitting and machine-learning methods and provide useful insights into how astronomers can further exploit the colour-redshift relation.

Segmentation of the glottal space from laryngeal images using the watershed transform.

PubMed

Osma-Ruiz, Víctor; Godino-Llorente, Juan I; Sáenz-Lechón, Nicolás; Fraile, Rubén

2008-04-01

The present work describes a new method for the automatic detection of the glottal space from laryngeal images obtained either with high speed or with conventional video cameras attached to a laryngoscope. The detection is based on the combination of several relevant techniques in the field of digital image processing. The image is segmented with a watershed transform followed by a region merging, while the final decision is taken using a simple linear predictor. This scheme has successfully segmented the glottal space in all the test images used. The method presented can be considered a generalist approach for the segmentation of the glottal space because, in contrast with other methods found in literature, this approach does not need either initialization or finding strict environmental conditions extracted from the images to be processed. Therefore, the main advantage is that the user does not have to outline the region of interest with a mouse click. In any case, some a priori knowledge about the glottal space is needed, but this a priori knowledge can be considered weak compared to the environmental conditions fixed in former works.

Formal properties of the probability of fixation: identities, inequalities and approximations.

PubMed

McCandlish, David M; Epstein, Charles L; Plotkin, Joshua B

2015-02-01

The formula for the probability of fixation of a new mutation is widely used in theoretical population genetics and molecular evolution. Here we derive a series of identities, inequalities and approximations for the exact probability of fixation of a new mutation under the Moran process (equivalent results hold for the approximate probability of fixation under the Wright-Fisher process, after an appropriate change of variables). We show that the logarithm of the fixation probability has particularly simple behavior when the selection coefficient is measured as a difference of Malthusian fitnesses, and we exploit this simplicity to derive inequalities and approximations. We also present a comprehensive comparison of both existing and new approximations for the fixation probability, highlighting those approximations that induce a reversible Markov chain when used to describe the dynamics of evolution under weak mutation. To demonstrate the power of these results, we consider the classical problem of determining the total substitution rate across an ensemble of biallelic loci and prove that, at equilibrium, a strict majority of substitutions are due to drift rather than selection. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Streptococcus group B typing: comparison of counter-immunoelectrophoresis with the precipitin method.

PubMed

Kubín, V; Jelínková, J; Franêk, J

1977-07-01

The method of counter-immunoelectrophoresis (CIE) was tested for its applicability to group B streptococcus typing. The results obtained were compared with the typing by the ring precipitin test. Identical antigens and identical hyperimmune typing serum batches had been used in both methods. A large majority of 75 freshly isolated strains were typed identically by both methods. Five strains with a weak antigenic outfit were untypable by the ring precipitin test but were typed by CIE owing to a higher sensitivity of CIE method. Two strains were typable by the precipitin test but not by CIE; an explanation for this phenomenon is lacking. The CIE method in group B typing is specific, rapid, highly sensitive and relatively simple. It requires strict maintenance of standard conditions. The method is economical with respect to manipulation and material, requires small amounts of diagnostic antisera. Potent antisera may be used diluted. Moreover, sera for CIE typing need not be absorbed to remove group B antibodies. CIE method is practicable for group B streptococcus typing, especially in laboratories carrying out routine large scale type identification.

Smoothing of Transport Plans with Fixed Marginals and Rigorous Semiclassical Limit of the Hohenberg-Kohn Functional

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cotar, Codina; Friesecke, Gero; Klüppelberg, Claudia

2018-06-01

We prove rigorously that the exact N-electron Hohenberg-Kohn density functional converges in the strongly interacting limit to the strictly correlated electrons (SCE) functional, and that the absolute value squared of the associated constrained search wavefunction tends weakly in the sense of probability measures to a minimizer of the multi-marginal optimal transport problem with Coulomb cost associated to the SCE functional. This extends our previous work for N = 2 ( Cotar etal. in Commun Pure Appl Math 66:548-599, 2013). The correct limit problem has been derived in the physics literature by Seidl (Phys Rev A 60 4387-4395, 1999) and Seidl, Gorigiorgi and Savin (Phys Rev A 75:042511 1-12, 2007); in these papers the lack of a rigorous proofwas pointed out.We also give amathematical counterexample to this type of result, by replacing the constraint of given one-body density—an infinite dimensional quadratic expression in the wavefunction—by an infinite-dimensional quadratic expression in the wavefunction and its gradient. Connections with the Lawrentiev phenomenon in the calculus of variations are indicated.

Lead and cadmium concentrations in seawater and algae of the Tunisian coast.

PubMed

El Ati-Hellal, M; Hedhili, A; Hellal, F; Boujlel, K; Dachraoui, M; Bousnina, M; Ghorbel, H; Ndhif, M

2005-01-01

Both lead and cadmium are toxic trace metals, even in very weak concentrations. The aim of this study was to estimate lead and cadmium pollution in various sites of the Tunisian coast and to verify the possibility of modification of the algae bioconcentration power according to water physico-chemical conditions. Our study concerned 99 samples of algae and 99 samples of seawater, taken in different sites of the Tunisian littoral. The analysis was realized by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (oven graphite). In algae, Sfax site presented the highest concentrations of lead when Sousse site showed the lowest ones. In seawater, the most amounts of lead were observed in Bizerte, Mahdia and Sfax sites, and those of cadmium in Bizerte and Medenine coasts. Bizerte's coast seems to be the most exposed zone to pollution. Indeed, the intensification of sea traffic may take place on this pollution because hydrocarbons derived from petroleum contain some tetraethylic lead characterised by its great toxicity. Sousse's region is the least polluted zone; it might be due to the development of tourism and a strict regulation of pollution in this district.

Modulational instability and higher-order rogue waves with parameters modulation in a coupled integrable AB system via the generalized Darboux transformation.

PubMed

Wen, Xiao-Yong; Yan, Zhenya

2015-12-01

We study higher-order rogue wave (RW) solutions of the coupled integrable dispersive AB system (also called Pedlosky system), which describes the evolution of wave-packets in a marginally stable or unstable baroclinic shear flow in geophysical fluids. We propose its continuous-wave (CW) solutions and existent conditions for their modulation instability to form the rogue waves. A new generalized N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) is proposed in terms of the Taylor series expansion for the spectral parameter in the Darboux matrix and its limit procedure and applied to the CW solutions to generate multi-rogue wave solutions of the coupled AB system, which satisfy the general compatibility condition. The dynamical behaviors of these higher-order rogue wave solutions demonstrate both strong and weak interactions by modulating parameters, in which some weak interactions can generate the abundant triangle, pentagon structures, etc. Particularly, the trajectories of motion of peaks and depressions of profiles of the first-order RWs are explicitly analyzed. The generalized DT method used in this paper can be extended to other nonlinear integrable systems. These results may be useful for understanding the corresponding rogue-wave phenomena in fluid mechanics and related fields.