With Strings Attached: Chinas Economic Policy in the South China Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

of the resources used to fuel its economy: it imports a majority of its timber , platinum, aluminum, iron ore, and copper. Perhaps though, most...gains access to resources such as oil, copper, uranium, cobalt, and timber .18 In Latin America, China receives iron ore, copper, oil and leather.19 In...The argument is that such a regional peace creates a structure that facilitates the transfer of the resources that China needs to continue to fuel

Eulerian Time-Domain Filtering for Spatial LES

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pruett, C. David

1997-01-01

Eulerian time-domain filtering seems to be appropriate for LES (large eddy simulation) of flows whose large coherent structures convect approximately at a common characteristic velocity; e.g., mixing layers, jets, and wakes. For these flows, we develop an approach to LES based on an explicit second-order digital Butterworth filter, which is applied in,the time domain in an Eulerian context. The approach is validated through a priori and a posteriori analyses of the simulated flow of a heated, subsonic, axisymmetric jet.

Improvement of High-Resolution Tropical Cyclone Structure and Intensity Forecasts using COAMPS-TC

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-30

techniques, as well as observational results from the scientific community including the recent T- PARC /TCS08 and ITOP field campaigns to build upon the...real-time COAMPS-TC forecast for the recent Hurricane Irene is shown in Figure 2. The composite National Weather Service radar reflectivity is shown in...the top panel near the time of landfall in North Carolina at 1148 UTC 27 August 2011 and the COAMPS-TC predicted radar reflectivity at 36 h valid

Human Spacecraft Structures Internship

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhakta, Kush

2017-01-01

DSG will be placed in halo orbit around themoon- Platform for international/commercialpartners to explore lunar surface- Testbed for technologies needed toexplore Mars• Habitat module used to house up to 4crew members aboard the DSG- Launched on EM-3- Placed inside SLS fairing Habitat Module - Task Habitat Finite Element Model Re-modeled entire structure in NX2) Used Beam and Shell elements torepresent the pressure vessel structure3) Created a point cloud of centers of massfor mass components- Can now inspect local moments andinertias for thrust ring application8/ Habitat Structure – Docking Analysis Problem: Artificial Gravity may be necessary forastronaut health in deep spaceGoal: develop concepts that show how artificialgravity might be incorporated into a spacecraft inthe near term Orion Window Radiant Heat Testing.

Weighted triangulation adjustment

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anderson, Walter L.

1969-01-01

The variation of coordinates method is employed to perform a weighted least squares adjustment of horizontal survey networks. Geodetic coordinates are required for each fixed and adjustable station. A preliminary inverse geodetic position computation is made for each observed line. Weights associated with each observed equation for direction, azimuth, and distance are applied in the formation of the normal equations in-the least squares adjustment. The number of normal equations that may be solved is twice the number of new stations and less than 150. When the normal equations are solved, shifts are produced at adjustable stations. Previously computed correction factors are applied to the shifts and a most probable geodetic position is found for each adjustable station. Pinal azimuths and distances are computed. These may be written onto magnetic tape for subsequent computation of state plane or grid coordinates. Input consists of punch cards containing project identification, program options, and position and observation information. Results listed include preliminary and final positions, residuals, observation equations, solution of the normal equations showing magnitudes of shifts, and a plot of each adjusted and fixed station. During processing, data sets containing irrecoverable errors are rejected and the type of error is listed. The computer resumes processing of additional data sets.. Other conditions cause warning-errors to be issued, and processing continues with the current data set.

Research into Traveling Wave Control in Flexible Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-15

Displacement is the measured variable in all of the rod examples. Y = F I s i n(k + k 0) _______________ ikEA 21- k [ (24)- -- .r k k 0 F - Choosing m = 4 in...the value of Eq. (25) function of position is given by becomes U2 for that mode. U(X)= F 4 ( 2 e + e (21) Figure 3 shows the magnitudes of the ikEA ...for providing a reasonable length sensor. ___ sin(k_ The dash-dot curve in Fig. 4 shows the ikEA 1- _ 2 1- e-as (28) magnitude and phase of a

Care management and nursing governance in a maternity ward: grounded theory.

PubMed

Copelli, Fernanda Hannah da Silva; Oliveira, Roberta Juliane Tono de; Santos, José Luís Guedes Dos; Magalhães, Aline Lima Pestana; Gregório, Vitória Regina Petters; Erdmann, Alacoque Lorenzini

2017-01-01

To understand the care management strategies used by nurses in the governance of nursing practice in a maternity ward. Qualitative study based on grounded theory conducted with 27 participants, partitioned into four sample groups. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding. The care management strategies used by the nurses were: planning professional practice, leading the nursing team, search for scientific knowledge, and training inthe best practices in obstetric care. Associating care management with nursing governance can foster better care outcomes and strengthen nursing autonomy when coordinating nursing work in maternity wards.

Threefold interweaving of (4,4) nets built from R(10)10(58) rings inthe hydrogen-bonded adduct 1,4-diazabicyclo

PubMed

Burchell; Ferguson; Lough; Glidewell

2000-09-01

The 1:1 adduct of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane and 5-hydroxyisophthalic acid is a salt, [H(C(6)H(12)N(2))](+). [HOC(6)H(3)(COOH)COO](-) or C(6)H(13)N(2)(+).C(8)H(5)O(5)(-). The ions are linked by three types of hydrogen bond, i.e. N-H.O, O-H.O and O-H.N, into continuous two-dimensional (4,4) nets built from a single type of R(10)(10)(58) ring. Six independent sheets of this type make up the structure and these are interwoven in sets of three.

Gigantic magnetic-field-induced polarization and magnetoelectric coupling in a ferrimagnetic oxide CaBaCo 4 O 7

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Caignaert, V.; Maignan, A.; Singh, K.

2013-11-01

Below Tc, the single-crystal study of CaBaCo40,, a noncollinear ferrimagnet (Tc = 64 K) with a polar orthorhombic space group (Pbn21) between 4 and 293 K, shows a large change inthe electric polarization along its c axis reaching !!iP = 17 mC/m2 at 10 K. At 62.5 K, a magnetic-field-driven giant variation inpolarization P(9 T) - P(O T) = 8 mC/m2 is observed. Moreover, the present magnetoelectric measurements are fully consistent withthe m'm2' magnetic point group. This ferrimagnetic oxide, which belongs to the "114" structural family, opens an avenue for the search for new magnetoelectrics.

Sustainable pathway to furanics from biomass via heterogeneous organo-catalysis

EPA Science Inventory

An organic sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride is synthesized and its application has been demonstrated inthe conversion of carbohydrates into furanics and related value-added products. The most importantfeature of the material is the stability and acidity, which could be utilize...

Variation in the total lengths of abutment/implant assemblies generated with a function of applied tightening torque in external and internal implant-abutment connection.

PubMed

Kim, Ki-Seong; Lim, Young-Jun; Kim, Myung-Joo; Kwon, Ho-Beom; Yang, Jae-Ho; Lee, Jai-Bong; Yim, Soon-Ho

2011-08-01

Settling (embedment relaxation), which is the main cause for screw loosening, is developed by microroughness between implant and abutment metal surface. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the relationship between the level of applied torque and the settling of abutments into implants in external and internal implant-abutment connection. Five different implant-abutment connections were used (Ext, External butt joint + two-piece abutment; Int-H2, Internal hexagon + two-piece abutment; Int-H1, Internal hexagon + one-piece abutment; Int-O2, Internal octagon + two-piece abutment; Int-O1, Internal octagon + one-piece abutment). All abutments of each group were assembled and tightened with corresponding implants by a digital torque gauge. The total lengths of implant-abutment samples were measured at each torque (5, 10, 30 N cm and repeated 30 N cm with 10-min interval) by an electronic digital micrometer. The settling values were calculated by changes between the total lengths of implant-abutment samples. All groups developed settling with repeated tightening. The Int-H2 group showed markedly higher settling for all instances of tightening torque and the Ext group was the lowest. Statistically significant differences were found in settling values between the groups and statistically significant increases were observed within each group at different tightening torques (P<0.05). After the second tightening of 30 N cm, repeated tightening showed almost constant settling values. Results from the present study suggested that to minimize the settling effect, abutment screws should be retightened at least twice at 30 N cm torque at a 10-min interval in all laboratory and clinical procedures. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Excerpt from a Forthcoming Book. The Ocean Book: Dive In--The Beginning of Your Ocean Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Activities, 1989

1989-01-01

Six activities complete with reproducible worksheets are presented. Materials and procedures for each are listed. Answers to the quiz and crossword puzzle are included. Topics include the water cycle, the world's oceans, the ocean floor, and fish. (CW)

78 FR 52804 - Notice of Permit Applications Received Under the Antarctic Conservation Act of 1978 (Pub. L. 95-541)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-26

... escort is cognizant of--and will follow the requirements contained in--the ASPA management plans and the...'' documentary procedures with regard to the natural environment as well as to adhere to all USAP operations and...

Translations on Telecommunications Policy, Research and Development, Number 49

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-11

Desenvolvimento Economico --was one of the four firms selected by Capre for the production of national minicomputers. [Text] [Rio de Janeiro 0 GLOBO in...the exception—who de- liberately operate properly modulated jamming transmitters. In other words, you can also"hear malice and unfortunately also

Phenolic Wastewater Treatment Alternatives.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

15 Potassium Permanganate ................ 19 Iron (VI) Ferrate ..................... 22 Catalytic Oxidation ..................... 22...carbon dioxide, potassium hydroxide, and manganese dioxide which were readily handled by the existing system. d. Iron (VI) Ferrate Ferrate is iron in...the following systems/processes: Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) adsorption, ozone oxidation, hydrogen peroxide oxidation, potassium permanganate

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Engineering & Equipment

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-05

working successfully in the " Veda " PO and at the analytical instruments plant. Characteristically, it was these very enterprises which were on top in...the 1985 review: the analytical instruments plant collective came in first, the " Veda " PO collective came in second, and the "Elektronmash" PO

Sexual Ethics, Organizational Climate, and the Air Expeditionary Force

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

do it”. This attitude is symptomatic of the principle of emotivism . According to philosopher Alasdair MacIntyre, “What emotivism asserts is in...The unrecognized philosophical power of emotivism is one clue to its cultural power” (MacIntyre, 1984, 18). Clearly, it was not always this way

JPRS Report, East Asia, Southeast Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-10

like that of a rugby football player, does not change. His eyes, which stare down from the places where his picture is displayed in the stores in...the two parties signed a business cooperation contract was relatively swift. To develop the success of the b1 usiness cooperation above and to

Physiological Challenges of Bone Repair

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

expression, in general, followed the same pattern in both groups, but significantly, lower levels of mRNA for Indian Hedgehog (ihh) and BMP-2 were detected in...the fracture calluses of the older rats. Indian Hedgehog is thought to be involved in chondrogenesis and bone repair, whereas BMP-2 stimulates bone

Safety and Fire Prevention Guide for Hospital Safety Managers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-01

fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) protection is required for each circuit supplying receptacles in hydrotherapy rooms. GFCIs are usually installed in...the hydrotherapy unit instantaneously before a person could receive a fatal shock. [NFPA 70, Sec 680-62(a)] " . 4- 4-I TG No. 152 Apr il 1987 4-6

AN EVALUATION OF HEURISTICS FOR THRESHOLD-FUNCTION TEST-SYNTHESIS,

DTIC Science & Technology

Linear programming offers the most attractive procedure for testing and obtaining optimal threshold gate realizations for functions generated in...The design of the experiments may be of general interest to students of automatic problem solving; the results should be of interest in threshold logic and linear programming. (Author)

78 FR 77096 - Newspapers Used for Publication of Legal Notices in the Southwestern Region, Which Includes...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-20

... notices will identify: the decision or project, by title or subject matter; the name and title of the... in:--``The Dalhart Texan'', Dalhart, Texas. Black Kettle National Grassland in Roger Mills County, Oklahoma notices published in:--``Cheyenne Star'', Cheyenne, Oklahoma. Black Kettle National Grassland in...

Breeding frequency of western toads (Bufo boreas) in northeastern Oregeon

Treesearch

Evelyn L. Bull; Cynthia Carey

2008-01-01

Many species of toads (family Bufonidae), including the western toad (Bufo boreas), are declining in-the western United States. The ability of this species to recover from declines depends, in part, on its reproductive success. This study examined the breeding frequency in both sexes of B. borelis in northeastern Oregon compared to...

The Effects of Conditions of Cerebral Anoxia, on Phospholipids, Metabolism, and Circulation of the Brain.

DTIC Science & Technology

and of patients with sickle cell crisis were examined. It was found that patients with sickle cell anemia show a relative increase of phospholipids in...the ghosts which are enhanced in patients with sickle cell crisis . During sickle cell crisis the concentration of phosphatidylglycerol of blood

JPRS Report, East Europe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-18

the tragedy in Kerestinec, their intention of ruling the world in the near future, that they made a Hollywood of Jasenovac, that back in appeared in...the West as Seneca -2, began needs of defense and security of the state, to the total to be sold. In the 1980’s, only 12 of these craft left the initial

Nidia Diaz, Guerrilla Commander

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-03-01

In Latin America, that idea is carried further in the “ideology of patriarchy which defines women through and in relation to the significant males in...the situation against the system and came out ahead in the end. Q: What was your perception of women fighters at the outset of the conflict? How...11 THE CHANGING ROLE OF WOMEN

Pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of the anti-androgen vinclozolin after oral administration inthe rat

EPA Science Inventory

Vinclozolin (V) is a fungicide with antiandrogenic properties. To determine the pharmacokinetics and dosimetry of V, adult male rats were administered an oral dose of V (100 mg/kg) in corn oil and sacrificed over time after dosing. V and its metabolites were analyzed in serum and...

Defining a Simulation Capability Hierarchy for the Modeling of a SeaBase Enabler (SBE)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

ability to maintain the sea lanes of communication. Relief efforts in crisis-stricken countries like India in 2007, Aceh Indonesia and Sri Lanka in...the number of entities that were built into the scenario run for each category. 104 Advanced Scenario Results Speed Cargo Rate Escorts SURF

Fostering Constructive Dialogue on Military Sexual Assault

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

revision is that what was going through the victim’s head at the time, or her subsequent trauma, is irrelevant to the question of guilt . Perhaps in...the margins (though it may result in fewer as well), but it is not likely to be a panacea . Another major policy development was the release by

Developmental toxicity and serum levels of perfluorononanoic acid in the wild-type and PPAR-alpha knockout mouse after gestational exposure

EPA Science Inventory

Perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is a perfluoroalkyl acid detected in.the environment and in tissues of humans and wildlife. PFNA activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARa) in vitro and negatively impacts development and survival of CD1 mice. Our objective wa...

PATTERN RECOGNITION APPROACH TO MEDICAL DIAGNOSIS,

DTIC Science & Technology

A sequential method of pattern recognition was used to recognize hyperthyroidism in a sample of 2219 patients being treated at the Straub Clinic in...the most prominent class features are selected. Thus, the symptoms which best distinguish hyperthyroidism are extracted at every step and the number of tests required to reach a diagnosis is reduced. (Author)

Nernst Energy Conversion in Thin Films,

DTIC Science & Technology

equations describing the performance of a Nernst energy converter were developed in a macroscopic analysis of irreversible conduction processes in...The feasibility of practical Nernst energy conversion was investigated. The galvanomagnetic and thermomagnetic effects were reviewed. The theoretical...solids. Semimetals were determined to be the best available materials for the Nernst application. A thin film Nernst generator was constructed from

Performance Feedback: A Review of Its Psychological and Behavioral Effects

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

order to feel a sense of compet’nce, some means must S be provided for the individual to judge his or her perFor, fance . Feedback usually is necessary in...the nature of general feedback. Gen - eral feedback, for the most part, represents a point along an evaluation con- tinuum. The source communicates to

Environmental Activities of the U.S. Coast Guard

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-07

Antarctic , and provides supplies to remote stations. The USCG also participates in the International Ice Patrol, which monitors iceberg danger in...the northwest Atlantic, particularly in the area of the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. The iceberg season is usually from February to July, but the Ice...Patrol is logistically flexible and can commence operations when iceberg conditions dictate

Impact of the Tactical Picture Quality on the Fire Control Radar Search-Lock-On Time

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

theory terminology). It is required to grade the benefits from the different possible actions so that an optimal solution can be chosen. For instance, in...the fire control radar search-lock-on time (U) 4. AUTEURS (Nom de famille, prénom et initiales. Indiquer les grades militaires, ex.: Bleau, Maj

Quantum Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

information representation and processing technology, although faster than the wheels and gears of the Charles Babbage computation machine, is still in...the same computational complexity class as the Babbage machine, with bits of information represented by entities which obey classical (non-quantum...nuclear double resonances Charles M Bowden and Jonathan P. Dowling Weapons Sciences Directorate, AMSMI-RD-WS-ST Missile Research, Development, and

JPRS Report, East Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-26

GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC Legal Provisions on Investment Surveyed [Cologne DEUTSCHLAND ARCHIV Feb] .................. 29 HUNGARY Carnegie Franchise ...131 ZGB), Carnegie Franchise To Be Established in Hungary -weekend cottages, rooms for recreational purposes, 90CHOOO7B Budapest NEPSZABADSAG in...the water breweries. It would be desirable to set up small slaughter- shortage. houses, dairy plants, and bakeries with the participation of foreign

Onboard Acoustic Data-Processing for the Statistical Analysis of Array Beam-Noise,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-15

performance of the sonar system as a measurement tool and others that can assess the character of the ambient- noise field at the time of the measurement. In...the plot as would "dead" hydrophones. A reduction in sensitivity of a hydrophone, a faulty preamplifier , or any other fault in the acoustic channel

JPRS Report, China.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-11-04

inthe lfinalie aalysis, nonommity economyc eand inescapable burdens, equalitarian distribution ten-ciency are, in the final analysis, noncommodity...conforms to the heavy industrial enterprise national economy onto an orderly course of operation. characteristic of a long production-results cycle , but...into a benign cycle of autonomy political indoctrination, and assure and supervise imple- in operation, responsibility for their own profits and

Impacts of climate change on landscapes of the eastern Sierra Nevada and western Great Basin

Treesearch

A. S. Jayko; C. I. Millar

2000-01-01

This effort was developed under a U.S. GeologicalSurvey (USGS) initiative to sponsor science workshops focusingon various of multidiscipline, multiprogram themes inthe arid Southwest. The intent was to use the workshopsto explore leading-edge questions, as well as to providebetter communication and collaboration between USGS andother organizations and agencies. The...

An Analysis of Leadership Opportunities, Experiences and Influences at the United States Naval Academy from the Perspective of Midshipmen

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

following and in their perceptions of the role. Some choose followership as their primary role at work and serve as team players who take satisfaction in...the leader can discuss his tribulations and successes , and they will have similar experiences to share” (Montor, 1998, p. 184). Packard believes

Issues in Postsecondary Education. Update on Academic, Professional, Career, and Research Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hicks, Doin E., Ed.; And Others

1981-01-01

The special issue contains articles which focus on the opportunities for deaf high school graduates who want to go on to postsecondary education. Following an introduction by C. Williams is an interview with Gallaudet College's former Director of Admissions titled "Screening In--The Admissions Policy at Gallaudet College. An Interview with Bernard…

Mode of Action for Natural Products Isolated From Essential Oils of Two Trees Is Different From Available Mosquito Adulticides

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

activator and imidacloprid and spinosad are nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ago- nists (Pridgeon et al. 2008). Spinosad has recently been registered in...the United States as a mosquito larvacide under the trade name Natrular (Clarke, Roselle, IL). The toxicity of imidacloprid and abam- ectin has been

Usability Studies in Virtual and Traditional Computer Aided Design Environments for Fault Identification

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-08

Usability Studies In Virtual And Traditional Computer Aided Design Environments For Fault Identification Dr. Syed Adeel Ahmed, Xavier University...virtual environment with wand interfaces compared directly with a workstation non-stereoscopic traditional CAD interface with keyboard and mouse. In...the differences in interaction when compared with traditional human computer interfaces. This paper provides analysis via usability study methods

Code Validation Studies of High-Enthalpy Flows

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

stage of future hypersonic vehicles. The development and design of such vehicles is aided by the use of experimentation and numerical simulation... numerical predictions and experimental measurements. 3. Summary of Previous Work We have studied extensively hypersonic double-cone flows with and in...the experimental measurements and the numerical predictions. When we accounted for that effect in numerical simulations, and also augmented the

Potentiometric Detection of Pathogens

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

nanosize organic electrode (conducting polymer top-layer) surface. This approach has then been changed to the gate modification in ion sensitive field...electrode (conducting polymer top-layer) surface. This approach has then been changed to the gate modification in ion sensitive field effect transistors, in...the conducting polymer top-layer, which makes the devices very functional and competitive. Secondly, the device development is discussed and finally

FLIGHTFAX: Army Aviation Risk-Management Information. Volume 27, Number 11, November 1999. Flying Habits and Judgment are Infectious

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-11-01

hatcanl they do to mie ? ,’Inth igt against accidents, on h ngins true- *•.,••, German hotdogs :get aitae dh angodjudgmn on th pato taste of Goring...subject to change. "... leaders must be willinq to underwrite their subordinates’ honest errors and coach them on to excellence, without toleratinq

How will aspen respond to mountain pine beetle? A review of literature and discussion of knowledge gaps

Treesearch

Kristen A. Pelz; Frederick W. Smith

2013-01-01

There has been speculation that quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) dominance of forests will increase due to mortality caused by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (MPB). High aspen sucker densities have been observed inthe years following MPB-caused pine mortality, but it remains unclear if this disturbance will result in a pulse of aspen...

Shades of Cords in the Kush: The False Hope of Unity of Effort in American Counterinsurgency

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

together, exercise together. So, if they piss someone off at the Embassy compound, repercussions last for weeks. They don’t want to make waves in...the capital. If they piss off someone in the PRT [by ignoring the appeal from the field], what is that person going to do? Send an email? Ooooh!45

An Investigation of Collaborative Leadership

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

businesses . The second will use an analysis of variance (ANOVA) to statistically compare the variance among organizations. Research regarding collaborative...horizontal column of the “T,” a leader is networking across the larger business model to understand how their organization’s core skills can be used in...the exchange of information or services among individuals, groups, or institutions in order to cultivate productive business relationships

U.S.-China Relations: An Overview of Policy Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

consul at the Embassy of Ecuador in London.7 Carney indicated that the White House believed the Chinese central government in Beijing was involved in...the U.S. agenda is commercial cyber espionage that the U.S. government says appears to be directly attributable to official Chinese actors. Other...Trade Organization (WTO) Commitments ................... 38 China and the WTO Government Procurement Agreement

Developing Adaptive Training in the Classroom

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-01

change to a training course: a pretest / posttest design and the use of control groups.39 The pretest / posttest comparison would entail administering the...U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences Research Product 2009-10 Developing Adaptive Training in...the Classroom Rose A. Mueller-Hanson Personnel Decisions Research Institutes, Inc. Michelle M. Wisecarver U.S. Army Research Institute

Stable isotope analyses reveal the importance of seagrass beds as feeding areas for juvenile Myrophis punctatus (Angulliformes: Ophichthidae) inthe coastal waters of Florida

EPA Science Inventory

The feeding habits and habitats of the speckled worm eel Myrophis punctatus were studied on the mangrove edge of the Indian River Lagoon (Florida) using stomach contents and stable isotope analyses of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N). Stomach dietary analyses identified four tax...

Revising the Seed Zones for Southern Pines

Treesearch

Ronald C. Schmidtling

1999-01-01

Early foresters had a sense that using local seed sources was the best for afforestation, although this was often based more on intuition than experience. Non-local planting stock has often been used in-the past. In the reforestation carried out by the Civilian Conservation Corps in the 1930's, for instance, an effort was made to use native seed sources, but...

Advanced Digital Signal Processing for Hybrid Lidar

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

with a PC running LabVIEW performing the final calculations to obtain range measurements . A MATLAB- based system developed at Clarkson University in...the image contrast and resolution as well as the object ranging measurement accuracy. There have been various methods that attempt to reduce the...high speed modulation to help suppress backscatter while also providing an unambiguous range measurement . In general, it is desired to determine which

Social Climate Indicators for the U.S. Army

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

based on a secondary analysis of the 1978 Army Life study . Sample: Subjects from 8,1.40 personnel assigned to 60 different battalions. Summary...disillusionment: Its effect on Urion inthe nited States Navy. (AD-A127 311). Monterey, CA: Naval Postgraduate School. Description: This study ... ON AUTHORIlY 3. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILiTY OF REPORT --. _Approved for public releas,’ 1b. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING SCHEDULE distribution is

Rebalancing: The Cost of Shifting to the Pacific

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Iraq and Afghanistan.”3 2 While in Australia, President Obama highlighted some benefits of the increased presence in the Pacific. This change...to promote free trade with nine other countries: Australia, Brunei, Chili , Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Peru, Singapore, and Vietnam. 6 In...The using unit is responsible for compiling with all customs and agricultural inspections requirements. To better convey the benefits of the

Embracing the Devil: An Analysis of the Formal Adoption of Red Teaming in the Security Planning for Major Events

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

little hope of a better solution, low self - esteem temporarily induced by recent failures, and difficulties in determining feasible alternatives in...The ability to think creatively and communicate potentially negative findings effectively are unique skills improved with formal training and...Homeland Security Presidential Directive IC intelligence community IED improvised explosive device JCCIC Joint Congressional Committee on

Biological Effects of Acoustic Cavitation

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-15

call attention to four important ones: Ter Haar et.al. (25-26] have irradiated live guinea pig legs with therapeutic ultrasound while examining the...eggs and larvae * at various stages in their development with pulsed ultrasound . They have determined that when gas-containing trachea developed in...the organisms, they were extremely suceptable to the ultrasound and large fractions could - be killedý Hemmingsen et.al. [30-311 have observed bubble

Active Computer Network Defense: An Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

sufficient base of knowledge in information technology can be assumed to be working on some form of computer network warfare, even if only defensive in...the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) to attack. Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks are inherently resistant to...aims to create this part of information superiority, and computer network defense is one of its fundamental components. Most of these efforts center

A Multiagent Based Model for Tactical Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-10-01

Pub. Co. 1985. [10] Castillo, J.M. Aproximación mediante procedimientos de Inteligencia Artificial al planeamiento táctico. Doctoral Thesis...been developed under the same conceptual model and using similar Artificial Intelligence Tools. We use four different stimulus/response agents in...The conceptual model is built on base of the Agents theory. To implement the different agents we have used Artificial Intelligence techniques such

Research on Child Abuse in the US Armed Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

Child maltreatment in the United States has provoked considerable interest in recent years. Child abuse and neglect are prevalent in all parts of...American society. Although children of military personnel experience maltreatment, little research has been completed which compares child abuse rates in...the military with those for civilian populations. Studies that have assessed child abuse in the armed forces have been based on official reports

Naming in a Programming Support Environment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

and Control, 1974. 10. T. E. Cheatham. An Overview of the Harvard Program Development System. I; Software Engineering Environments, H. Hunke, Ed.. North...Holland Publishing Compary, 1981, pp. 253-266. 11. T. E. Cheatham. Comparing Programming Support Environments. In Software Engineering Environments...Company. 1981. Third Edition 16. F. DeRemer and H Kron Programming -inthe Large Versus Programming -in-theSmall. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering

Taking Wave Prediction to New Levels: Wavewatch 3

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

features such as surf and rip currents , conditions that affect special operations, amphibious assaults, and logistics over the shore. Changes in...The Navy’s current version of WAVEWATCH Ill features the capability of operating with gridded domains of multiple resolution simultaneously, ranging...Netherlands. Its current form, WAVEWATCH Ill, was developed at NOAA’s National Center for Environmental Prediction. The model is free and open source

Global Climate Change: Three Policy Perspectives

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-26

example, the EPA spent approximately $2 billion supporting development of a feasible flue gas desulfurization (FGD) device for electric utility use to...Framework Convention on Climate Change, the United States committed to the objective of achieving “stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in...the United States would convene a meeting of the world’s “major economies” that are responsible for most greenhouse gas emissions. Held in September

Sustainable pathway to furanics from biomass via ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

An organic sulfonated graphitic carbon nitride is synthesized and its application has been demonstrated inthe conversion of carbohydrates into furanics and related value-added products. The most importantfeature of the material is the stability and acidity, which could be utilized at elevated temperatures forcleaving carbohydrates and converting them into biologically important scaffolds and platform chemicals. Prepared for submission to the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) Journal, Green Chemistry.

Remote Adaptive Communication System

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-10-25

manage several different devices using the software tool A. Client /Server Architecture The architecture we are proposing is based on the Client ...Server model (see figure 3). We want both client and server to be accessible from anywhere via internet. The computer, acting as a server, is in...the other hand, each of the client applications will act as sender or receiver, depending on the associated interface: user interface or device

Acidic Ribosomal Proteins from the Extreme ’Halobacterium cutirubrum’,

DTIC Science & Technology

the extreme halophilic bacterium, Halobacterium cutirubrum. The identification of the protein moieties involved in these and other interactions in...the halophile ribosome requires a rapid and reproducible screening method for the separation, enumeration and identification of these acidic...polypeptides in the complex ribosomal protein mixtures. In this paper the authors present the results of analyses of the halophile ribosomal proteins using a

Actualizing Moral Education in Japan's Tertiary Sector: Reitaku University's Response to Today's Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nakayama, Osamu

2015-01-01

While moral education is taught in the primary--and some in--the secondary grades, morality and ethics education has not been a subject since World War II in tertiary grades. Neverless Japanese universities have neither academic departments nor courses solely devoted to scholarship or instruction in the area of moral studies. In this article, the…

USSR Report, Science and Technology Policy.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-12

producing hydrogen peroxide and monocarboxylic acids for the oil-free production of varnishes and paints. The entire world is using this resource...widely used in the paint, varnish , and food industry, medicine, and other sectors. The All-Union Scientific Seminar that opened on 17 September in...the form of a compound containing fluorine ; compounds of tetravalent nickel were synthesized; lanthanide and transuranic elements have been produced

The National Nanotechnology Initiative: Overview, Reauthorization, and Appropriations Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-13

Health, July 2006. 91 Progress Toward Safe Nanotechnology in the Workplace , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, June 2007. 92 NIOSH...Toward Safe Nanotechnology in the Workplace , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. June 2007. Approaches to Safe Nanotechnology in...the Workplace , National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. July 2006. Nanoscale Science, Engineering, and Technology in DOE’s Office of

U.S. Policy in Ukraine

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

the push for a NATO Membership Action Plan. The policy development needs to include a review of policy conducted together with the other countries in...the region and must be developed with an understanding of how Russia impacts Ukraine and the region. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Georgia, Crimea, Russia 16...integration, improved economic ties and a shift away from the push for a NATO Membership Action Plan. The policy development needs to include a review

Small Combatants for the Homeland Defense Mission

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) N/ A 10. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY REPORT NUMBER 11. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES The views expressed in...the U.S. Navy relies on a shrinking group of aging Oliver Hazard Perry class frigates to conduct counter- piracy, counter-narcotics, counter maritime...the ideal ship: it is too expensive, too vulnerable, and undermanned, and it has a modular concept that is too underdeveloped for practical naval

Penicillin Until 1957,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

but also with those which, in certain respects, are so far advanced that the field perceives them as "unzeitgemgss" or premature. In fact, Stent (1972...were treated intravenously, a baby with a persistant staphylococal urinary infection, by mouth and four cases of eye infections by local application. In...the binding of penicillin to bacterial cells. J. Bacteriol. 71, 84-90 (1956) Stent , G.S.: Prematurity and uniqueness in scientific discovery. Sci. Am

A Technical History of the SEI

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-01

service-oriented architecture concepts by leading a team of technical ex - perts from several Air Force financial management programs of record in...the application of computing, that trend re- versed dramatically in the 1970s for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty the DoD was ex ...implement it in programming languages other than Ada. The lessons learned from the testbed ex - periments were incorporated into a comprehensive guide

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, USSR: Life Sciences.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-04

alpha 2 preparation, produced by E. coli cells, is described and discussed. Cytokinin activity was determined by inducement of betacyanin synthesis in...the dark by cytokinin in the presence of thyrosine, used as a substrate. Experiments with A. caudatus sprouts showed that IFN alpha 2 produced...of IFN- alpha 2 appeared at concentration of 0.1 unit/ml but increase of concentration reduced cytokinin activity. In control experiments, induction

Detention Operations: The Strategic Wildcard

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-23

a hit for its inhumane treatment of prisoners at Abu Ghraib , Iraq, in Afghanistan, and in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba, and showed our lack of...Environment Since the prisoner abuse scandal of Abu Ghraib in Iraq of October 2003, the United States military has made significant improvements in...the conduct of detention operations (DO). It has invested resources and improved training to ensure events such as Abu Ghraib do not occur again

The Global Fleet Station Concept: Meeting Strategic Level Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-13

combined, and interagency assets to establish a persistent presence with a minimal footprint ashore in the Caribbean Basin and Central America in...the GFS concept and its 2007 deployment to Central America to determine if GFS meets defined strategic requirements. A qualitative analysis was...review the GFS concept and its 2007 deployment to Central America to determine if GFS meets defined strategic requirements. A qualitative analysis was

MBA Recruitment Task Group

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-02-05

talented, recent MBA graduates from top-tier U.S. business schools . These graduates bring new ideas, energy and private sector management...sets and school performance may be different, all Fellows are expected to be recent graduates of top-tier business schools who will be performing in...the “CEO/Ambassador” to one of the target business schools where DoD is establishing a physical recruiting presence. The person’s role would be to

The Impact of Changes in State Identity on Alliance Cohesion in Northeast Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

Taeho Kim, arg R ing arms tran the SIPRI Arm eapons an nsfer Databa 1950 to 200 ar e instance, t PRK relied mou f its policy ar table indicato rd in...th PRK alliance. d, Beijing umb tems, instead p g spar ry t eat,hr nd anti-missile def Beijing has n c sar 183 McVadon, “Ch Strategy he Korean

77 FR 64160 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-18

...--PUT--IMP--VOL--50DELTA--DFLT, which is derived from at the money listed put options on each of such... theoretical at-the-money strike. A delta of less than 50 is considered out-of- the-money, while a delta of greater than 50 is considered in-the- money. Each listed put option included in the Index will be an...

STIR: Microwave Response of Carbon Nanotubes in Polymer Nanocomposite Welds

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-28

system, we choose polylactic acid ( PLA ) as a model polymer, given its common application in additive manufacturing. 1-3 For the nanofiller, we utilize...polylactic acid ( PLA ) with dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) made at Texas A&M will be characterized in the microwave lab at TTU. In...the heating effects associated with percolated network formation. Samples of polylactic acid ( PLA ) with dispersed multi-walled carbon nanotubes

Simulated Heat-Pipe Vapor Dynamics

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-01

results, estimated that at a radial Reynolds number of -4.626 the friction factor would be zero . This would correspond to an onset of flow reversal in...the flow to become turbulent at axial Reynolds numbers lower than 2000 which generally denotes the lower limit of the region of turbulent flow. They...thickness of the laminar sublayer. The same general trends were noted in all papers. They suggested that a favorable pressure gradient (accelerating

Afghanistan: Politics, Elections, and Government Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-27

intellectuals , and businessmen who have become more prominent and outspoken since the ousting of the Taliban regime. Although articulate and, to...with each center having multiple polling places, totaling about 29,000), but, of those, about 800 were deemed too unsafe to open, most of them in...the IEC to make women feel comfortable enough to vote. In general, however, election observers reported that poll workers were generally attentive and

Multiple-Baseline Detection of a Geostationary Satellite with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

Multiple-baseline detection of a geostationary satellite with the Navy Precision Optical Interferometer J. Thomas Armstronga, Ellyn K. Bainesa...observations of a geostationary satellite using the Navy Precision Optical Inter- ferometer (NPOI) during the glint season of March 2015. We succeeded in...the second night. These baseline lengths correspond to a resolution of ∼4 m at geostationary altitude. This is the first multiple-baseline

Correlation Filter Synthesis Using Neural Networks.

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

trained neural networks may be understood as "smart" data interpolators, the stored filter and the filter synthesis approaches have much in common: in...the former new filters are found by searching a data bank consisting of the filters themselves; in the latter filters are formed from a distributed... data bank that contains neural network interaction strengths or weights. 1.2 Key Results and Outputs Excellent computer simulation results were

The Budget Reconciliation Process: The Senate’s Byrd Rule

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-02

reconciliation process. The Democratic leadership in the Senate was concerned, in particular, that passage of the proposals in the Senate could be...did not.) In early 2010, the Democratic leadership in the Senate found an altered political situation; a special election held in Massachusetts in...the Democratic leadership faced a dilemma: the Democrats no longer held the 60-seat majority necessary to thwart a filibuster (and Republican

Nuclear Matrix Proteins in Disparity of Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

BCL6 promoter (PMID 20733034) in B cell lymphoma cells and suggested that methylation of these CpG sites have a positive role on BCL6 transcription. In...the nuclei of several human cancers, including, adenocarcinoma of the pancreas, hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma, and head and neck...snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen, and stored at - 80ºC until processing. In addition, histopathological sections were made from the rest of the

Infrared Power Generation: Study in an Insulated Compartment

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-17

physics, astronomy and geology , biology and medicine and art, are discussed. Technolosically. 1 the primary objective of this Project is to...astronomy and geology , low frequency and low power radiation must be considered for their interaction with a planet’s magnetic field. In...the afternoon sessions, respectively. Dr. Yvonne R. Harris, JMU’s vice Provost for Research and Scholarship , and Mr. Lynn Petersen opened the event

Orientation and Polarisation Effects in Reactive Collisions

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

18 To clock the reaction, an ultrashort laser pulse initiates the experiment by photodis- sociating the HI, ejecting a translationally hot H atom in...the chamber and travels down; the pulsed , linearly polarized u.v. laser beam passes from right to left, going through a polarization rotator before... pulsed beam valve above the chamber; the pulsed linearly polarized laser beam passes through a polarization rotator before entering the chamber. Two

Achieving Operational Adaptability: Capacity Building Needs to Become a Warfighting Function

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-26

platypus effect as described by David Green in The Serendipity Machine: A Voyage of Discovery Through the Unexpected World of Computers. Early in...the 18th century, the discovery of the platypus challenged the categories of animal life recognized and utilized by scientists in Europe. Scientists...resisted changing their categories for years. At first, they believed the platypus was a fabrication. Later, they resisted change since they were

Enterprise Risk Management Solutions: A Case Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

help manage risk in only AFC’s credit and retail departments. However, after the crisis that occurred in financial markets at the turn of the...my research of the company. After conducting independent research, I was able to determine that Open Pages and Methodware are almost identical in...the software they offer, much like a pair of basketball shoes provided by Nike vice Adidas . What allows them to operate successfully as independent

Protocol for Cohesionless Sample Preparation for Physical Experimentation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

protocol for specimen preparation that will enable the use of soil strength curves based on expedient field classification testing (e.g., grain-size...void ratio and relative compaction, which compares field compaction to a laboratory maximum density. Gradation charts for the two materials used in...the failure stress. Ring shear testing was performed using the GCTS Residual-Ring Shear System SRS-150 in order to measure the peak torsional

European Scientific Notes. Volume 37, Numbers 10/11.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-01

percent decrease in the intensity of space-geodetic methods for monitoring solar radiation reachipg the earth’s local crustal deformations. surface, the...1983) - and solids. The average power available 35-nm range at the Comitato Nazionale and the predicted high efficiency of Energia Nucleare laboratory in...the David W. Taylor Naval gated for transmittance. These measure- Ship Research and Development Center, ments are important for solar energy Bethesda

Computational Modeling of Cultural Dimensions in Adversary Organizations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Nodes”, In the Proceedings of the 9th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelli - gence, 1993. [8] Pearl, J. Probabilistic Reasoning in...the artificial life simulations; in con- trast, models with only a few agents typically employ quite sophisticated cognitive agents capa- ble of...Model Construction 45 cisions as to how to allocate scarce ISR assets (two Unmanned Air Systems, UAS ) among the two Red activities while at the same

Assessing the Use of Tactical Clouds to Enhance Warfighter Effectiveness

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

operating while compromised environment” (attackers with access to communications network); Big Data – Since 9/11 the amount of surveillance data ...unanalyzed. The big data problem is unlikely to improve as it is projected that sensor data volume could potentially be measured in yottabytes (1024...www.forbes.com/sites/techonomy/2012/03/12/military-intelligence-redefined- big - data -in-the- battlefield/ 5 Data Analysis Challenges [Reference 5] DRDC-RDDC

Feasibility of Screening for Antibiotic Resistance - Part I

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

Klebsiella pneumonia (AF052258), Providencia stuartii (AF052259), Serratia marcescens (AF052260). After alignment of the sequences of the various...intracellular targets of fluoroquinolones , the type II DNA topoisomerases gyrase and topoisomerase IV [Balas et al., 1998; Weigel et al., 1998]. Mutations in...the quinolones resistant determining region (QRDR) of the parC gene, which encodes the A subunit of topoisomerase , and the gyrA gene, which encodes

Ron in Breast Development and Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

forms of chemotherapy and radiation . Testing the efficacy of IMC-41A10 in other subcutaneous as well as orthotopic tumor xenograft models will also be...contained a number of mitotic figures, an increased nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio and a high degree of pleomorphism that resembles what is observed in...The tumors that developed as a result of Ron overexpression had a high degree of pleomorphism and an increase in the nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio

Elucidating the Tumor Suppressive Role of SLITs in Maintaining the Basal Cell Niche

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-01

deregulated upon cancerous transformation. 15. SUBJECT TERMS breast , Slit2, Robo1, basal cell 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION...natural
tumor
suppressor”
of
the
 breast 
because
they
 maintain
 breast 
tissue
integrity
by
organizing
the
cells
in
contact
with
them, including cells in...the breast stem cell niche, located between the myoepithelial and luminal epithelial cell layers.
SLITs
are
a
family
of
 secreted
proteins
that
were

Impacts of Optical Turbulence on Underwtaer Imaging

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

water column in the field were measured using WETLab’s ac-9 and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transinissometer (LISST, Sequoia Scientific), in...the water column in the field were measured using WETLab’s ac-9 and Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometer (LISST, Sequoia Scientific), in...LISST, Sequoia Scientific). We notice that the water in the top part of the water column, just above the sharp thermocline is rather clear, with beam

Tracking with a Cooperatively Controlled Swarm of GMTI Equipped UAVS

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-02

with Ground Optimal Placement of GMTI UAVs for ground target tracking Abhijit Sinha°, Thia. Kirubarajana and Yaakov Bar-Shalom6 " Electrical and...Storrs, CT 06269, USA Abstract—With the recent advent of moderate-cost unmanned (or uninhabited) aerial vehicles (UAV) and their success in...the sensor platforms are mobile one has to decide the optimal placement of sensors. With the recent advent of af- fordable unmanned aerial vehicles

The Unsupervised Acquisition of a Lexicon from Continuous Speech.

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-11-01

Com- munication, 2(1):57{89, 1982. [42] J. Ziv and A. Lempel . Compression of individual sequences by variable rate coding. IEEE Trans- actions on...parameters of the compression algorithm , in a never-ending attempt to identify and eliminate the predictable. They lead us to a class of grammars in...the rst 10 sentences of the test set, previously unseen by the algorithm . Vertical bars indicate word boundaries. 7.1 Text Compression and Language

Mental Rotation, Pictured Rotation, and Tandem Rotation in Depth

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

field. Such an explanation by natural geometry conflates visual comparison with physical measurement. This application of geometry is called natural in...the theory of vision parasitic on geometry: it is unclear what could be meant by a ’mental operation of rotation’, except by reference to physical ...operation, a mental analogue of the physical operation of rotation in space. Since then the story of mental rotation has become far more complicated

CRREL, 30 Years Retrospective 1986-1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

development. During World War n, organizations were created which, in 1961, were brought together to form the Cold Re- gions Research and Engineering...and the Cold War has thawed. In early 1991, the United States and a coalition of 33 nations fought one of the most successful military campaigns in...the history of warfare in the desert of the Middle East-a war that may reshape military doctrine for years to come. The United States is committed

Bashyr Aziz replies.

PubMed

Aziz, B

2001-10-01

I accept that my assumptions about the likelycontent of the IPPR report were mistaken. As Gavin Kelly, research director of IPPR states, the report was critical of some aspects of thegovernment's approach towards PPP. That this was a surprise to many is evident, even inthe article from which Gavin quotes, where itsays: 'Although it was financed by firms like Norwich Union, KMG and Nomura which havea vested interest in the outcome, it is arefreshingly non-partisan document.' [myitalics].

Investigating the Role of FIP200 in Mammary Carcinogenesis Using a Transgenic Mouse Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

analysis of virgin and lactating female mice in which FAK was specifically deleted in the mammary epithelium. No morphological abnormalities were found in...the mammary gland of virgin mice however, lactating mice have severe lobulo-alveolar hypoplasia in the mammary gland. After completing the analysis...were collected to prepare protein extracts. Organs were first snap-frozen in liquid nitrogen and then were ground using a mortar and a pestle

The Soviet Far East Buildup and Soviet Risk-Taking against China.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

This report reflects information available through August 1982. - vii - SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The Soviet military buildup in Siberia, Central Asia, and...In the process , the number of divisions of all strength levels deployed appear to have increased from roughly 20 at the outset to about 40 early in...the study reviews the circumstances under which the Soviets began the post-Khrushchev buildup that is still in process . It examines the initial

Covert Coercion: A Formal Analysis of Unconventional Warfare as an Interstate Coercive Policy Option

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

as the most notable of the founding game theorist patriarchs .121 Game theory’s evolution and development exploded during World War II and the...Kennan’s “containment” telegraph. Containment sought to prevent the further expansion of communism by developing a sphere of democratic influence in...the subjective cardinal value interval scaling used to model the decision behavior of the principal actors, which is resultant from the author’s

Multi-angular Flame Measurements and Analysis in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Fiber-Based Endoscopes

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-14

angular Flame Measurements and Analysis in a Supersonic Wind Tunnel Using Fiber-Based Endoscopes This paper reports new measurements and analysis made in...the Research Cell 19 super- sonic wind -tunnel facility housed at the Air Force Research Laboratory. The measure- ments include planar chemiluminescence...ASME for publication in the JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING FOR GAS TURBINES AND POWER. Manuscript received July 14, 2015; final manuscript received July 30

Countering Terrorism on Military Installations

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-07-29

military forces and police agencies since 1970 uncover fanc - tional task-areas which require examinatiin subsequent to development of theory (policy...with the CinC in his office. GEN Blanchard was aware of the ’AI visit and had reqiiested this meeting. He was extremely interested and knowledgeable in...the subject of te:’rorism. He had recettly directed the Provost Marshal to prepare a paper on the subject and a command regulation. GEN Blanchard re

The History of the Southwestern Division, 1986-1994

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

by purchasing equipment ranging from hand tools to bulldozers. Located in the heart of the " oil patch," the division became actively involved in...1900s, farmers shipped their products via paddle wheelers from the inland prairies of Oklahoma to New Orleans markets. The discovery of oil in...the Arkansas and White river basins. In 1942, Robert S. Kerr, co-founder of the Kerr-McGee Oil Company, was elected Governor of Oklahoma. Six

Documentation of Source Code.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-12

the "load IC" menu option. A prompt will appear in the typescript window requesting the name of the knowledge base to be loaded. Enter...highlighted and then a prompt will appear in the typescript window. The prompt will be requesting the name of the file containing the message to be read in...the file name, the system will begin reading in the message. The listified message is echoed back in the typescript window. After that, the screen

Disaster-Proofing Senior Leadership: Preventing Technological Failure in Future Nano-War

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

phenomenon beyond Globalization 3.0, where the empowered individual becomes the empowered machine-enhanced human or cyborg in 50 to 100 years. This merging...gain control of their bodies, could turn into superhuman cyborg - like upgrades. Further, the ability to understand and replicate brain functions in...The implications of nano-enhanced humans and cyborgs on the battlefield are legion. With ubiquitous sensing via the quantum dot-sized sensor nets

Seismic Discrimination.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-30

velocity region in Central Asia. R.G. North F. GROUP VELOCITIES IN THE WEST PACIFIC During the past six n inths, the frequency-filter method has been...34 Contribution No. 26Z8, Division of Geological and Plan- etary Sciences, California Institute of Technology (unpublished paper ). 15. E. W. Carpenter...low-pam filter with undamped 0.0279 natural frequency of 0. 0266 Hz (37.6 sec) ( + 0. 134 + 0. 1001) 𔃾 0. 134- 0. 1001) -,nd relative cimping of

Characterization of Psychological and Biological Factors in an Animal Model of Warrior Stress

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-26

blast/stress (257; 259), and presentation of effects of blast/stress on central monoamine activity ( 22 ). In each of these cases, the dependent...secreted by the pituitary gland. Prolactin is known to physiologically increase the stimulatory effect of ACTH-induced corticosterone secretion in...the stress field. J. Human Stress: 22 -36 165. McAllister TW, Stein MB. 2010. Effects of psychological and biomechanical trauma on brain and behavior

Employing U.S. Navy Hospital Ships in Support of Soft Power Projection

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-24

the employment of hard power such as military engagements in multiple countries that support non-state actors and terrorists. One way to stem the...The United State‟s seeming decline in foreign policy can be directly attributed to the employment of hard power such as military engagements in...the Vietnam conflict, the USS REPOSE (AH-16) and USS SANCTUARY (AH-17), Haven class hospital ships, provided significant support to combat units

Putting the RSTA O&O to the Test: Burma 2004

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-05-01

operations with three international airports (Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Hat Yai), numerous shipping ports, and an efficient railway. However, there are...interaction with the indigenous population. The urban areas (see Appendix C – Urban Maps) in this AOR include: • Chiang Mai , the third largest city in...The eight bridges connecting the two halves are key terrain. Burmese insurgents have moved into the border areas west of Chiang Mai . In response

A Study of Strategic Lessons Learned in Vietnam. Volume 7. The Soldier

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-04-11

problems, the nature of society, and the quality of training. Other factors affecting mental health which were unique to or especially significant in...the drug abuse problem, especially its increasing rate after 1968. Initiatives at drug education/ orientation programs had little effect because of... especially for duty in Vietnam. 46/ CONARC established the initial ccurses at Fort Knox and Fort Sill, and instruction *:n 13 separate military occupation

The Position and Mobility of the Shoulder, Spinal Column and Pelvis in Seated Subjects.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

Wright-Patterson AFB acted as contract monitor; and Ints Kaleps, * Ph.D., Chief, Modeling and Analysis Branch, Biodynamics and Bioengineering Division...lumbar flexion and luibar extension motion series. Fewer motion segments are available for shoulder abduction motion analysis . These data are reported in...the measurements of this cadaver, samples of muscle and tendon were examined histologically to 12 attachments to trolley and arm cuff so that it

A Proof-Carrying File System

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-06

written in Standard ML, and comprises nearly 7,000 lines of code. OpenSSL is used for all cryptographic operations. Because the front end tools are used...be managed. Macrobenchmarks. To understand the performance of PCFS in practice, we also ran two simple macrobenchmarks. The first (called OpenSSL in...the table below), untars the OpenSSL source code, compiles it and deletes it. The other (called Fuse in the table below), performs similar operations

The Effects of Cortisol, Corticosterone, Insulin and Glucose Pre- and Post-Treatment on Heatstroke in Rats and the Kinetics of Uptake and Cellular Response.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-12-27

prefer chlorpr mzine %ftdh can lowert-arre ,but my also increase the inidence of hypotemicn inresethe metabolic rate). 4. Paduing act renal failure in...the varicus effects of heat stress on the blood m=, as wall as liver funcion and metabolim, are m4ortive of what Bowers at al. (3, 4, 6) rqorted. ’ o

World Epidemiology Review No. 112

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-01

PRENSA in Spanish 19 Sep 78 p 6 [Text] The Minister of Social Welfare, Vice Adm Julio Juan Bardi, visited the meeting place of the Association of...already taking steps to avoid a spread of the dis- ease and is providing free medical supplies and examinations to the public. [La Paz PRESENCIA in...The fight against cholera is a social action par excellence. Consequently, the action of all persons or groups-of persons would simplify the heavy

Hydrodynamic Test Facilities at ARL/PSU.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-12

integral scale of 1.25 cm, by the addition of honey- comb in the settling section; and (4) the development of electro- optical measuring techniques. In...the NASA tunnel and its very high velocity, has been to study the process of cavitation damage [13]. Recent studies at ARL/PSU have confirmed the...at frequencies > 300 Hz. When used in con- junction with other sensors located in the test section, dual- channel signal processing can be used to

Measuring Stability and Security in Iraq

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

preventing judges from receiving registered firearms. The U.S. Marshal Service continues to provide handguns to judges and their security details and...in the South, a trend expected to continue throughout 2010. Overall, crude oil production peaked at 2.54 million barrels per day (mbpd) in...the best way to utilize MoI human and material resources. The result of this commission was the MoI 2009 training plan, which addresses the issue of

China Report, Science and Technology, No. 188

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-02-18

parenthetical notes within the body of an item originate with the source. Times within items are as given by source. The contents of this publication in...the model-oriented algorithm and, especially,.this system does not need the time -consuming work of mathematical statistics during summarization of the...the fact that the users can see the samples at the exibit, several times the number of expected orders have been taken to demon- strate that a

Politics, Work and Daily Life in the USSR: A Survey of Former Soviet Citizens

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

the validity of the various methods. Disagreement over the relative merits of quantitative and qualitative research and over various survey...archive that needed utilization as soon as possible. A design phase proposal was funded by the National Council for Soviet and East European Research in...the NORC staff and by appropriate members of the research team. Substantive and measurement equivalences were treated as controlling where conflicts

The American Experience with Pacification in Vietnam. Volume 3: History of Pacification

DTIC Science & Technology

1972-03-01

South Vietnam (the plan- ned farm conmminities wherein refugees were settled, mostly in the trans -Bassac area, in 1955-56). After the failure of the...responsibility of General Nguyen Duc Thang, 20 the Mhinister for Revolutionary Development (Pacification). Thang had taken over management of pacification in...the government busi- ness ... and I will keep professional secrets." Under Nguyen Duc Thang, Vietnam’s pacification cadre took a lengthy oath which

Cryogenic Impinging Jets Subjected to High Frequency Transverse Acoustic Forcing in a High Pressure Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-27

for liquid propellant atomization in rocket engines1- 2. Liquid rocket engines like the F-1 have successfully used like-on-like impinging jet...impingement of the two cylindrical jets. Another drawback, perhaps the most critical, is that rocket engine using impinging jets sacrifice performance in...The experimental results also suggested that impact waves seem to dominate the atomization process over most of the conditions relevant to rocket

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-27

bio-engineering company, among other things, cultivates starter cultures for the production of cheese and yogurt . The customers are dairy farmers in...produces the alcohol with the help of traditional fermentation methods. This means they use ordinary baker’s yeast which fer- ments part of the sugar in...the waste liquid into ethanol. The baker’s yeast is unable to ferment the remaining sugars in the liquid, such as xylose, for example, into alcohol

Off-Road Soft Soil Tire Model Development and Experimental Testing

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-29

Eduardo Pinto 2 , Mr. Scott Naranjo 3 , Dr. Paramsothy Jayakumar 4 , Dr. Archie Andonian 5 , Dr. Dave Hubbell 6 , Dr. Brant Ross 7 1Virginia...The effect of soil charac- teristics on the tire dynamics will be studied. Validation against data collected from full vehicle testing is included in...the proposed future work. Keywords: tire model, soft soil, terramechanics, vehicle dynamics , indoor testing 1 Introduction The goal of this paper is

Assessment of existing local houses condition as analysis tools for shore housing improvement program in Weriagar district, Bintuni Bay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Firmansyah, F.; Fernando, A.; Allo, I. P. R.

2018-01-01

The housing assessment is a part of the pre-feasibility study inThe Shore Housing Improvement Program in Weriagar District, West Papua. The housing assessment was conducted to identify the physical condition of existing houses. The parameters of assessment formulated from local references, practices and also national building regulation that covers each building system components, such as building structure/frame, building floor, building cover, and building roof. This study aims to explains lessons from local practices and references, used as the formula to generate assessment parameter, elaborate with Indonesia building regulation. The result of housing assessment were used as a basis to develop the house improvement strategy, the design alternative for housing improvement and further planning recommendations. The local knowledges involved in housing improvement program expected that the local-based approach could respect to the local build culture, respect the local environment, and the most important can offer best suitable solutions for functional utility and livability.

Speech Privacy Problems

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-08-18

were interconnected, how? ever,, it was found that one of the oscillators had an intermit - tent, defect-. This trouble was cleared by removing the...switches> i.e., two pairsL are included in.the unit," one of ä pair of selectors {the " fast selector") steps .each time the latch operates, the other (the...34slow seleotor") steps oiice eaoh time the fast seleotor completes 25 steps. Thus, a total of 625 steps, or changes in permutation, is involved be

Creation of Artificial Ionospheric Layers Using High-Power HF Waves

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-30

Program ( HAARP ) transmitter in Gakona, Alaska. The HF- driven ionization process is initiated near the 2nd electron gyroharmonic at 220 km altitude in...the 3.6 MW High-Frequency Active Auroral Program ( HAARP ) transmitter in Gakona, Alaska. The HF-driven ionization process is initiated near the 2nd...Maine. USA. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union. 0094-8276/I0/2009GLO41895SO5.0O Research Program ( HAARP ) transmitter facility, however

Managing the Nuclear Fuel Cycle: Policy Implications of Expanding Global Access to Nuclear Power

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-03

Spent nuclear fuel disposal has remained the most critical aspect of the nuclear fuel cycle for the United States, where longstanding nonproliferation...inalienable right and by and large, neither have U.S. government officials. However, the case of Iran raises perhaps the most critical question in...the enrichment process can take advantage of the slight difference in atomic mass between 235U and 238U. The typical enrichment process requires

A History of the ARPANET: The First Decade

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-04-01

10 2.2 Major Technical Problems and Approaches 11-12 2.3 Major Changes in Objectives and Approaches 11-19 3, ,3 Scientific and Technical Results and...successful projects ever undertaken by DARPA! The program has initiated extensive changes in the Defense Department’s use of computers as well as in...the ARPANET project represents a similarly far-reaching change in the use of computers by mankind. The full impact of the technical changes set in

Polycarbosilanes - An Overview

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-14

thermal stability is poor in the presence of oxygen. polydimethylsiloxanes and formaldehyde and oxides of carbon being obtained as oxidation products...The production of such species was optimized when the reaction was caTied out in a fluidized bed reactor. For ease of analysis , all Si-Cl bonds in...the product mixture were reduced to Si-H; this permitted the application of HPLC in the separation of * SCII!ME RR R R R R I-Si-CH -Si-CH 2?-Si-CH2 -Si

Market Research for Effective Competition in the Federal Procurement Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-01

specific 15 or’ *~L%- 1. - *..’ aspect of it. Market research should not be confused with marketing research which is concerned with the investigation...hands of the consumer. [Ref. 17: p. 4] Marketing research is the systematic combination of logic and data to define and solve important problems in...the field of marketing. [Ref. 18: p. 15] Marketing research is the systematic and objective search for and analysis of information relevant to the

Responsible Transition of New Materiel Requirements into Programs of Record

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Pentagon as a senior leader in the Ford Motor Company. He desired to inculcate a business mentality in the DoD acquisition process. His initiatives in...the Army War College’s doctrinal definition of strategy, it becomes easier for strategic leaders to understand to the framework. JCIDS represents the...Other entities play into this system as shown in Figure 4. In the prevailing interest of compromise, leaders try to find a way to afford all

Occurrence of Organic Wastewater Contaminants, Pharmaceuticals, and Personal Care Products in Selected Water Supplies, Cape Cod, Massachusetts, June 2004

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

previously detected high nitrate concen- trations. (Phenol and d- limonene , detected in equipment blanks at unacceptably high concentrations, are not...both tables, were not counted twice. (Phenol and d- limonene , detected in equipment blanks at unaccept- ably high concentrations, are not included in...The surrogate recoveries (not included in table 2) for the PPCP method were 101 and 102 percent. Three compounds, d- limonene , phenol, and

The Synthesis of Force Closure Grasps in the Plane.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

TASK U Artificial Inteligence Laboratory AREA A WORK UN IT "NMUIERS ~( 545 Technology Square Cambridge, MA 02139 SI. CONTROLLING OFICE NAME ANO... ARTIFICIAL INThLLIX’ ENCE LABORATORY A. 1. Memo 861 September, 1985 The Synthesis of Force-Closure Grasps In the Plane DTIC ’VeL% ,#ECTE 1 VnDcNguyenU Abstract... Artificial In- telligenmcc Liabomatory of thle Massachuset Is hInsttute of Teclhnolog3 . Support for the Lahoratot * s Artificial Intelligence research is

2015 QuickCompass of Sexual Assault Prevention and Response-Related Responders (QSAPR). Overview Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

experience ethical dilemmas in conducting the program. SARCs As shown in Table 5, the most frequently performed duty of SARCs, to a large extent...to indicate they experience ethical dilemmas in conducting the program, whereas SARCs in the Air Force (23%) were less likely. VAs As shown in...the Navy (41%) were more likely to indicate they experience ethical dilemmas in conducting the program, whereas VAs in the Air Force (31%) were less

Mediation Outcomes from the Second Sudan Civil War: An Analysis of Abuja and Igad Peace Initiatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

success rates as low as 5 percent for full resolution and 43 percent for partial settlement of conflicts. Given the low financial investment that...enormous financial , institutional, social, and human costs of violent conflict. If mediators can improve their understanding of what causes variation in...The Public Sector Mediation Process: A Theory and Empirical Examination,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 22, no 2 (June 1978): 236. 24 Dean G. Pruitt

Establishment of a Plasma Melting Manufacturing Process for Production of Nickel-Base Alloys.

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-05-01

7.1 Conclusions 40 7.2 Recommendations 41 8.0 REFERENCES ^2 1 . . . -— - •- - — ■•- lin ■■ - - -- - 1 ^H , r...high nitrogen steel is similar in chemical com- position to the Nitronic series marketed by Armco Steel in the U.S.A. The plasmarc remelted material in...the cast condition displays good ductility and yield strength comparable to Armco’s nitrogen strengthened austenitic steel Nitronic ^0. The Soviet

ON BOUGUER ANOMALIES IN THE OCEAN (Ob Anomaliyakh Buge na Okeanakh),

DTIC Science & Technology

The paper deals with the problems of the accepted interpretation of the Bouguer reduction for the sea. The only thing which to some extent could...justify the introduction of the Bouguer reduction at sea is a certain smoothing out of the effect exerted by the relief forms of the oceanic bottom in...the Bouguer reduction at sea is associated with the problem of specific processing of the material for its various types of interpretation. Bouguer

Should Military Officers Study Policy Analysis?

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

the planning and execution of military Retired Army General Colin Powell signs books at Marine Corps Exchange aboard Marine Corps Base Quantico in...the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Colin Powell advised the students: You are about at that point in your career now . . . when you have to have a...context and how politics works in Washington. It’s not a dirty business. It’s the business that the “good guys” upstairs put in place. Anybody who says

The Changing Nature of Geostrategy 19002000: The Evolution of a New Paradigm

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

Geopolitics: Theory and History 1 The Era of Imperialistic Hegemony, 1890–1914 5 Geopolitical Thought in the United States, 1890–1945 13 German Geopolitics...Theoretical and Practical Aspects in American Military Thought 85 Third-Wave Theory : The Information Age 85 Influence of the Civil Sector 87 Wars in...the Third-Wave Age 88 From Theory to Practice: Network-Centric Warfare 89 Department of Defense Guidelines: 2006 QDR 99 Epilogue 103 Abbreviations

An Alternative Treatment of Heat Flow for Charge Transport in Semiconductor Devices (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

is tantamount to treating them as ideal gases. A three-dimensional ideal Fermi gas is spherically symmetric in momentum space, and its distribution in...the first mo- ment of the Boltzmann equation using the momentum relax- ation time and effective mass approximations.13 Neglecting any magnetic field and...where the integral is over all momentum vectors k, v is electron velocity, k is the momentum relaxation time, and kf denotes the gradient in momentum

Molecular Solutions to Low Injuries Resulting from Battlefield Injuries. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

regeneration; (5) dry eye by determining how to minimize dry eye after LASIK refractive surgery by developing new tests to predict pre-disposition to...been enrolled and treated. Of these 12 have received LASIK and 10 PRK. Six additional patients have been scheduled for enrollment/preop/treatment in...the next two weeks. Of these individuals 1 will receive LASIK and 5 PRK. There have been no adverse events to report to date. KEY RESEARCH

Dust Availability in Desert Terrains

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

Water infil- t,ation controls the penetration of dust into the soil profile as well as introduction of salts, precipitated upon evaporation Atmospheric...south- ern Negev ) is: sand (48-55%) > silt (37-42%) > clay (5-1%). It may well be that the type of gravelly trap is the reason for this finer texture. In...the widely exposed upper Cretaceous Paleocane and Eocene rocks in the Negev (Nathan, 1906) as well as in the Sinai and North Africa. The contribution of

Women in the Army - Review of the Combat Exclusion Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-24

regarding the assignment of women to reflect how women Soldiers are serving and what women Soldiers are contributing to military operations today . In...The sub-unit will be closed to women.12 Today , the requirement to reassess the Army’s combat exclusion policy and the DOD law has never been more...direct combat operations were most likely and those area where it was unlikely. However, on the nonlinear battlefields of today with the asymmetric

Beyond Osteogenesis: An in vitro Comparison of the Potentials of Six Bone Morphogenetic Proteins

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

therapy . To date the majority of studies comparing BMPs have focused on the direct osteogenic effects of the different BMPs utilizing cells with...regards to the osteogenic differentiation of human MSCs (Friedman et al., 2006). Although their study did not include BMP-9, our results are in...the spectrum of potential applications for BMPs, the objective of this study was to evaluate various BMPs under a variety of conditions to provide

Electron Beam/Laser Glazing of Iron-Base Materials.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

alloy (-l. 5wt %Cr) steels after laser and electron beam glazing. In this work it is shown that the dramatic difference in microstructure and hardness...highly alloyed tool steels can be critical in determining the complexity of the solidification route. The analyses of M2, M42 and M7 are given in...the type described in Fe- Ni alloys (1). This con- clusion is based on optical and scanning electron microscope observation unambig- uously showing

Statistical Constraints on Station Clock Parameters in the NRCAN PPP Estimation Process

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

e.g., Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Transfer ( TWSTFT ), GPS Common View (CV), and GPS P3 [9]. Finally, PPP shows a 2- times improvement in...the collocated Two-Way Satellite Time and Frequency Technique ( TWSTFT ) estimates for the same baseline. The TWSTFT estimates are available every 2...periodicity is due to the thermal variations described in the previous section, while the divergence between both PPP solutions and TWSTFT estimates is due

No Green-On-Blue Against the Reds?: Organizational Strategies Behind Insider Attacks in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

Oaks, Calif: Sage Publications, 2003 ), 1. 46 Alexander L. George, Case Studies and Theory Development in the Social Sciences, BCSIA Studies in...the actions we take.2 For example, Kiras notes that the US missed opportunities to address the root causes of violence in Iraq during 2003 -2004...Warfare,” 230. 4 Merriam-Webster, Inc, Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed (Springfield, Mass: Merriam-Webster, Inc, 2003 ), 649. 5

The Self-Development Domain: The Forgotten Domain of Leader Development

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-15

the Berlin Institute up to Scharnhorst’s untimely death in 1813. On reflection about her husband’s time at the Institute, Marie von Clausewitz...recognize the name Fox Conner , a man that was instrumental in the lives of the two famous military figures. During a chance encounter on a train ride in...the fall of 1913, Captain Fox Conner met a young Lieutenant Patton and the two immediately found a common interest in history, literature, and

The Middle East in 2015: The Impact of Regional Trends in U.S. Strategic Planning

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-07-01

longevity , the activation of a Syrian- Israeli track, or the American election cycle—will eliminate the need to provide economic assistance and investment...to do so. But the movement toward elected, albeit still largely consultative, bodies pioneered by Kuwait has been followed in more modest measure in...The trends described in these chapters reflect an appreciation of demography , the natural laws of economics, history, and the deter- mination of human

The Armed Forces and Drug Trafficking: Operation Rio as a Case Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

remote Northern region of Brazil, a vast area that includes the states of Rondônia, Acre, Amazonia , Roraima, Pará, Amapá and Tocantins.37 In November...2000, the final report of the Legislative Committee of Inquiry (named Narcotraffic CPI) on the investigation into the extent of drug trafficking in...the internal investigation , the CPI verified the non-participation of federal agencies in contributing to the inquiries of the Committee. For example

Public and Private Sector Managers: Are They Really That Different?

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

L. A., Lau, A. W . & Walters , S. K. The job of the Navy civilian executive in headquarters. The Bureaucrat, 1979, 8, 12-18. Burns, T. Management in...the 39th Annual Academy of Management Meetings, August 1979. Lau, A. W ., Broedling, L. A., Walters , S. K., Newman, A. R., & Harvey, P. M. The nature...Stewart, R. Contrasts in management. London: McGraw-Hill, 1976. Tornow , W . W ., & Pinto, P. R. The development of a managerial taxonomy: A system of

Emerging Trends in the Sea State of the Beaufort and Chukchi Seas

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-06

Beaufort and Chukchi seas is controlled by the wind forcing and the amount of ice-free water available to generate surface waves. Clear trends in...the annual duration of the open water season and in the extent of the seasonal sea ice minimum suggest that the sea state should be increasing...In particular, larger waves are more common in years with less summer sea ice and/or a longer open water season, and peak wave periods are generally

Jet Inlet Efficiency

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-08

Lay down plastic sheeting that is double the size of the mold covered in fabric in order to fully envelope the mold. o Line half of the sheet (in...the mold and connect to clay tape to create an air tight sealed bag with a hose leading to the outside pump. o Once the seal is created, turn on the...connected pump to remove all air from the bag that has been created.  Ensure that as air is removed, the bag fits the form of the desired mold as

Systems Engineering of Unmanned DoD Systems: Following the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System/Defense Acquisition System Process to Develop an Unmanned Ground Vehicle System

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

Manual D-A-1). APAs are “Performance attributes of a system not important enough to be considered KPPs or KSAs, but still appropriate to include in...the CDD or CPD are designated as APAs ” (JCIDS Manual D-A-1). The requirements are expressed using Thresholds (T) and Objectives (O). “Performance...NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA SYSTEMS ENGINEERING CAPSTONE PROJECT REPORT Approved for public release; distribution is

Fraternization: Time for a Rational Department of Defense Standard

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-04-01

authority than cute little female lieutenants and privates. Military customs and regulations are no match for the forces that draw men and women together...significant factors responsible for increased fraternization is the influx of women into the military since World War II, an influx which escalated rapidly in...the 1970s.1 This increase has resulted in today’s military, with over 221,000 women on active duty--roughly 10% of our total force. 4 If nothing else

Balancing on the Pivot: How Chinas Rise and Offshore Balancing Affect Japans and Indias Roles as Balancers in the Twenty-First Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

and Space Studies Thomas D. McCarthy, Colonel, Commandant and Dean AIR UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF ADVANCED AIR AND SPACE STUDIES Balancing on the Pivot How...Space Studies (SAASS), Maxwell AFB, Alabama. This series of papers commemorates the distinguished career of Col Dennis “Denny” Drew, USAF, retired. In...the understanding of air- and space-power theory and application. These studies are published by the Air University Press and broadly distributed

Proceedings of NEUROTOX󈨜, Molecular Basis of Drug & Pesticide Action (3rd) Held in Bath, England on 10-15 April 1988: Abstracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-15

provoke the displacement. .,pression of decreasing the content of GA3L, GA and AA werat registerid. after 30 minutes iajection pesticides accort.ingl, In...The Society, of Chemical Industry NE.UROTOX-98 Molecular, Basis: of Drug’& Pesticide Action *ABSTRACTS 00 : ~ y E-~ySnglanvd PHOTOGRAPH THIS SHEET 00...NEUROPEPTIDES B - PHYSIOLOICAL ASPECTS OF RECEPTORS AND CHANNELS C - BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY OF NEUROTRANSMISSION D - DRUGS AND PESTICIDES

Warsaw Pact: The Question of Cohesion. Phase II, Volume 1. The Greater Socialist Army: Integration and Reliability,

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

crystallized, but at the same tIen integrat iVe_ mechanisms have been improved a great deal. The "Allied" Forces Characteristics Outwardly there are few if...32 - military officers ranked low in comparison with other occupations. But the economic and social rewards of a military pi fession improved in...the military unity of the socialist countries and their defence preparedness," and by the need to improve ideological work in socialist armies

Common Sense Government: Works Better and Costs Less

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-14

understand our needs, and puts us first, not last. • And it means getting our money’s worth—a government that works bet - ter, faster, and cheaper than in...the past, one that operates as well as, or bet - ter than, the best private businesses. Delivering the Goods At Last For two years, quietly but...in America’s genetic code. For more than two centuries, wave after wave of people who have been harassed or abused by their governments have seen

Creep of Hi-Nicalon S Ceramic Fiber Tows at 800 deg C in Air and in Silicic Acid-Saturated Steam

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-26

earliest recorded instances is that of Egyptian brick making. As far back as approximately 1500 BC, Egyptians added straw to clay for bricks [3]. This...The accuracy of this calculation method depends on the accuracy of amorphous silica viscosity data, which, in turn, are affected by impurities in...the SiC fiber. Lack of availability of viscosity data for crystobalite and tridymite pre- cluded calculation of growth stresses in crystallized silica

Design and Development of a Configurable Fault-Tolerant Processor (CFTP) for Space Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-01

Slot Region BIRA/ IASB Figure 5. Van Allen Belts (After Ref. [20].) 17 The trapped particles in the Van Allen Belts include electrons trapped in...the most sig- nificant role in the failure of electronic equipment in orbit. There exists a wide range of these circuit-crippling events, including...such, the goals of the CFTP project are the most rigorous constraints applied on the design process, and are what will ensure its future role as an

Applicability of Firecracker Welding to Ship Production

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-07-31

minor arc-outages seemed to coincide with defects in-the weld. For example, careful study of the film permitted orientation of such phenomena with the...Sample Electrode Electrode Voltage Current Frames Length weld covered No. Type diam. in. v A per sec. of film ft. in. Polarity 50 7024 1/4 35 240 128...to snuff out the arc. This was especially evident with the E7016 and E7018 electrodes which have a very fluid slag. The molten metal often caused a

A Beginner’s Guide to METAPOST for Creating High-quality Graphics

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-31

West Point , NY 10996, USA troy (at) tlhiv dot org http://www.tlhiv.org Abstract Individuals that use TEX (or any of its derivatives) to typeset their...METAPOST. Since graphics drawn with META- POST are simply two dimensional pictures, it is clear that an ordered pair is needed to identify each point in...the picture. The pair data type provides this functionality. Each point in the plane consists of an x (i.e., abscissa) part and a y (i.e., ordinate

Myth Busted: Civilian GPS Receivers Actually do have Access to the L2 Frequency

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Myth Busted: Civilian GPS Receivers Actually do Have Access...matter experts on Position, Navigation and Timing and on the Global Positioning System ( GPS ) constellation. In the course of educat- ing FA40s in...the Space Operations Officer Qualification Course, in less than three months, students receive as many as six briefs dealing with GPS . These briefs

Comparison of Hydroxocobalamin Versus Norepinephrine Versus Saline in a Swine Model of Severe Septic Shock

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-18

research involving animals , as required by AFMAN 40-401 IP : "The experiments reported herein were conducted according to the principles set forth in...the National Institute of Health Publication No. 80-23, Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals and the Animal Welfare Act of 1966, as...Castaneda, Maria G Contractor 59th MDW e. Boudreau, Susan M Contractor 59th MOW f. I CERTIFY ANY HUMAN OR ANIMAL RESEARCH RELATED STUDIES WERE APPROVED

Entity-based Stochastic Analysis of Search Results for Query Expansion and Results Re-Ranking

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-20

pages) and struc- tured data (e.g. Linked Open Data ( LOD ) [8]) coexist in var- ious forms. An important observation is that entity names (like names of...the top-L (e.g. L = 1, 000) results are retrieved. Then, Named Entity Recognition (NER) is applied in these results for identifying LOD entities. In...the next (optional) step, more semantic information about the identified entities is retrieved from the LOD (like properties and related entities). A

Our Changing Planet: The U.S. Climate Change Science Program for Fiscal Year 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

and wood anatomy of deadwood preserved above current treeline (>3,000 m) has documented the existence of a mixed-conifer forest growing from AD 815 to...2008 The Medieval forest was composed of six species, including five whose current upper ranges are 200 to 500 m below the deadwood forest elevation in...the eastern Sierra and one species that is now native only to the west slope of the Sierra Nevada at elevations more than 700 m below the deadwood

Microcircuit Device Reliability. Digital Evaluation and Failure Analysis Data. Parts 1 and 2, Summer 1980

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

l1i Research Institute (IITRI). RAC is charged with the collection , analysis and dis- semination of reliabil;,y information pertaining to parts used...RCM) is also operating under the auspices of the RAC and serves as the focal point for the collection and analysis of all reliability-related in...the Rome Air Development Center (RADC), and operated at RADC hy lI Research Institute (IITR I). RAC is charged with the collection , analysis and dis

New Close Air Support Doctrine: Getting Control of Emerging Technology and Advanced Concepts

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-31

tactics, techniques, and procedures (TTPs). Since 1996 , the JCAS community, lead by an Office of the Secretary of Defense JCAS Joint Test Force, has tried...addressing CAS control in the urban environment. The first of these is Major Kenneth T. Stefanek’s thesis “The Utilization of Inertially Guided Weapons in...the 1995 to 1996 academic year to be submitted to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force in support of future concepts development. This paper, “Close Air

Air Force Job Performance Appraisal System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-01

are defined and data sources identified in writing 60 to 90 days after initial team startup . Evaluation techniques and checklists are written within...3407 URFPfOM)(71") AT iO’.’FRNMFN! F’<PF,’.I NOTICE e" (,e~rient draoings, specifications, or other data are used for any .r .jSe other than in...the Government may have formulated or it viy way supplied the said drawings, specifications, or other data , Is not be regarded by implic~tion, or

Cooperativity Between Oncogenic PKC Epsilon and Pten Loss in Prostate Cancer Progression

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0535 TITLE: “Cooperativity Between Oncogenic PKC Epsilon and Pten Loss in Prostate Cancer Progression” PRINCIPAL...3. DATES COVERED 30 Sep 2014 - 29 Sep 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Cooperativity Between Oncogenic PKC Epsilon and Pten Loss in...the s-econd leadi.ng caus.e of cmcer-related deaths .unong wen in thee United States. Protein kinase C epsilon (PKCs), a me-mber of the PKC £uuily

Proceedings of the Ship Production Symposium, held in New Orleans, Louisiana, on 2-4 September 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

that enables an observer to experience an environment or a task by means of visual, auditory , and sensory simulation (50). The equipment includes a... auditory images. Less progress has been made on general-purpose tactile sensory response equipment. Quasi-realistic graphical output has already helped in...The second is the United States of America funding was earmarked for a U. S. yard to help stimulate the U.S. economy. In essence, the RSV

Feasibility and Environmental Implications of Using Waste Motor Oil as Alternative Supplemental Fuel in Contingency Prime Power Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-23

days of World War II, a problem arose when General George Patton’s 3rd Army exceeded expectations on the march to Germany. Gen. Patton’s jeeps...to address this problem . The military’s complex and arduous logistic requirement to deliver fuel to the combat theater sparked an interest in...the particles it can vaporize. It does not detect particles beyond the five- to eight- micron range” (Mayer, 2006). This is a problem because that

Stochastic Mapping for Chemical Plume Source Localization With Application to Autonomous Hydrothermal Vent Discovery

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

rise froom the seafloor a buoyant hydrothermal plume will have expanded laterally fromn oil the order of a few centimeters at an...diameters of rise height [20]. Detections of buoyant plume effluent are likely when the vehicle passes near the plume centerline; however, the in...the vertical extent of the plume . I will refer to this figure, W0 = 0.1 m/s, subsequently as the "canonical rise rate" for buoyant hydrothermal plumes

Challenges & Concerns -- Phase 4 Stability Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-09

unbeknownst to the U.S military on the ground. “Over the last century, crimes of mass atrocity were reality, Cambodian genocide by the Khmer Rouge in...the 1970’s, Rwandan genocide in the 1990’s and genocide in Darfur within the past decade.”28 The stark reality is the world discovered these crimes...On August 4, 2011, the President of the United States stated, “Preventing mass atrocities and genocide is a core national security interest and a

Accelerated Decompression from Saturation at 132 Feet of Sea Water With Isobaric oxygenation at 60 Feet of Sea Water

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-01

catheterized with an external jugular catheter via the Seldinger technique and allowed to recover. Subjects were exposed to 132 feet of seawater (fsw) in...the external jugular vein of the animal was catheterized with a 16 gauge by 20.3 cm single lumen catheter (Braun Certofix; B. Braun Medical Inc... central cyanosis or the production of frothy white sputum. The onset of severe DCS (neurological or cardio-pulmonary dysfunction) and all behavioral

Warmtetransport in Kleding bij Aanstraling met Warmte (Heat Transport in Clothing during Irradiation with Heat)

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-22

the thermal insulation of clothing . Ergonomics 2S, 1617-1632. Nielsen, B., Kasson, K. en Aschengreen, F.E. (1988). Heat balance during exercise in...the sun. Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. 58, 189-196. Nielsen, B. (1989). Solar heat load: heat balance during exercise in clothed subjects. Manuscript voor Eur...Institute for Perception, Soesterberg, The Netherlands Heat transport in clothing during irradiation vith heat A.M.J. Pieters and W.A. Lotens ABSTRACT A

Train as You Will Fight: Factors Affecting Development of a Strategy to Train National Guard Units to the Level Organized

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

and Colorado National Guard proved itself through a series of successful operations in the North African campaign, General George S. Patton...prior to deployment into the North African Theater and to its employment as a homogenous unit. A look at how other National Guard units have been used in...the Army. RESERVE COMPONENT IMPACT ON THE TOTAL FORCE FM 100-5, Operations, the Army’s keystone warfighting manual charges that *rigorous, realistic

Avalanche Characteristics of Silicide Schottky Barrier Diodes

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-01-01

respectively. Detectors should be con- structed of materials where a and 0 differ greatly, and then the multiplication should be initiated by the...8217 MASTER OF SCIENCE OSLD r In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 8 7 ale L. STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This thesis has been submitted in...the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his or her judgement the proposed use of the material is in the interests

Endoscopic Ultrasound Does Not Accurately Stage Early Adenocarcinoma or High-Grade Dysplasia of the Esophagus

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

incidence of ade- nocarcinoma of the esophagus and gastric cardia. JAMA 1991; 265:1287-1289. 6. Devesa SS, Blot WJ, Fraumeni JF Jr. Changing patterns in...the incidence of esophageal and gastric carcinoma in the United States. Cancer 1998;83:2049-2053. 7. Haggitt RC. Adenocarcinoma in Barrett’s... histopathologic features. Gastrointest Endosc 2004;60:703-710. 21. Falk GW, Catalano MF, Sivak MV, et al. Endosonography in the evaluation of patients

Calculation of Cumulative Distributions and Detection Probabilities in Communications and Optics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-10-01

the CMLD . As an example of a particular result, Figure 8.1 shows the additional SNR required (often called the CFAR loss) for the MLD, CMLD , and OSD in...the background noise level is known. Notice that although the CFAR loss increases with INR for the MLD, the CMLD and OSD have a bounded loss as the INR...Radar Detectors (J. A. Ritcey) Mean-level detectors (MLD) are commonly used in radar to maintain a constant -*! false-alarm rate ( CFAR ) when the

Measurement of Close-in Blast and Shock Loads

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

within a 5-rn radius. Second, an analytical pocedure was derived and a computer code was * ~written to intepret resistance, histories firom three...the thickness of the stainless steel cover plate. In two of the flatpacks (FP- 1 and FP-4) the elements were insulated with Kapton film and placed in...the elements were insulated with mica film and placed in a 0.18-mm-deep cavity (0.007 in) filled with epoxy. One of these (FP-2) also used a 1.27-mm

Prospective Developments in Western Europe and in the Northwest Indian-Ocean Region. A Study of Selected Mid-Term Problems in U.S. Foreign Policy,

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-02-01

Other Countries ... The European Community - Transatlantic Problems II - 57 Probable Areas of Cooperation and Conflict ... Irplications for the United...West European nations launched the movement toward economic and political unification that culminated in the establishment of the European Community . In...the United Kingdom,and Germany -- are analyzed in some detail, as is that for the European Community as an institution. The West European nation in

Neutralizing Antibody Response to Booster Vaccination with the 17d Yellow Fever Vaccine

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-18

FY03-28, approved 18 December 2003). 2.2. PRNT Patient sera were tested for neutralizing antibody to yellow fever virus ( YFV ) using a PRNT80 as...described by Man- giafico et al. [16], but modified for use with the Asibi strain of YFV . Briefly, test sera and controls were initially diluted 1:10 in...the 1:10 dilution, in HBSS containing human serum albumin, HEPES, peni- cillin and streptomycin. An equal volume of YFV , calculated to yield

JPRS Report, Soviet Union, Problems of the Far East, No. 1, January-February 1987

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-07-22

the Pacific Basin. Development of Manpower Resources" n this connecüon it was intended to carry out 31 concrete measures. Malaysian officials however...During the first few meetings Wang Lanxi told me everything about the contemporary state of the Chinese cinema . There were feature film studios in...the PRC had people who were capable of promoting the national cinema art. I had to make a start on feature films. Once director Shui Hua bro- ught

Lessons of Abu Ghraib: Understanding and Preventing Prisoner Abuse in Military Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-01

was real. See Stanley Milgram, Obedience to Authority: An Experimental View (New York: Harper-Collins, 1983). 49 According to Albert Bandura , moral...responsibility, as when a group of people share in the deci- sions and actions leading to harm. See Albert Bandura et al., “Mechanisms of moral disengagement in...the exercise of moral agency,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 71 (1996), 364–374; and also Albert Bandura , “Moral disengagement in the

Modular Exhaust Design and Manufacturing Techniques for Low Cost Mid Volume Rapid Buidl to Order Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-06

the pressure field is uniform across them, but which allow mass flow to be diverted. Series elements have a constant mass flow across the ports...they can be used to calculate the pressure and mass flow after the element from the pressure and mass flow prior to the element, as shown in...the matrix product of each transfer matrix in turn. The final matrix gives no information about the pressures and mass flows within the element

Preliminary Work for Identifying and Tracking Combustion Reaction Pathways by Coherent Microwave Mapping of Photoelectrons

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-24

wall Radar technique has been built and preliminary results of pyrolysis of iso-butane have been obtained. Qualitative measurements of ethylene in...The (2+1) REMPI ionizations of ethylene (C2H4, 11B3u(π,3p) Rydberg manifold) was selectively induced at 310─325nm. The ethylene was detectable at...quantitative measurements of ethylene as one of the pyrolysis products by using coherent microwave Rayleigh scattering (Radar) from Resonant Enhanced Multi

Implementation of a Pseudo-Bending Seismic Travel-Time Calculator in a Distributed Parallel Computing Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

algorithms that have been proposed to accomplish it fall into three broad categories. Eikonal solvers (e.g., Vidale, 1988, 1990; Podvin and Lecomte, 1991...difference eikonal solvers, the FMM algorithm works by following a wavefront as it moves across a volume of grid points, updating the travel times in...the grid according to the eikonal differential equation, using a second-order finite-difference scheme. We chose to use FMM for our comparison because

Migration Potential of Contaminants in the Soil of Rocky Mountain Arsenal, I. Open Literature Review.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

Organochlorine Insecticides. 14 3. Organophosphorous Insecticides. 17 4. DIMP, DCPD and DBCP. 19 B. Inorganics . 22 1. General. 22 2. Heavy Metals.. 24 3...and DBCP. 2. Inorganics - heavy metals and soluble salts. The specific elements or compounds focused on were those which have been shown to exist in...the initial moisture content of the soil was raised S..21 B. Inorganics . 1. General, The two most common types of inorganic contaminants in soil are

Signal Transduction Pathway in Maspin-induced Tumor Suppression of Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

the zip Ebr allele is tested in similar assays with BR-C or Sb-sbd mutants. The zipEbr mutation is associated with a missense alteration in the myosin ...cytoskeletal dynamics in elongating legs via by inducing contraction of the apical actin- myosin belt. 8 Recent evidence has shown that mutations in...the RhoA mutations used in these studies have been characterized at a molecular level (Table 2). RhoAE3 °o is a CAAX box missense mutation (C to Y

Mechanisms of Cellular Membrane Effects of TCDD, Selected Perfluorinated Acids and Polyhalogenated Aromatic Hydrocarbons

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-02-01

toxic response of both cell lines after treatment with the perfluorinated acids ( perfluoro -n-octanoic acid, 9-H hexadecafluoro-n-nonanoic acid, and...throughout the experiments to eliminate the effect of serum on toxicity. The results for perfluoro -n-octanoic acid ( PFOA ) in both cell lines are presented in...the TK+/+ cells but not in the TK+/- cells. The results for the perfluoro -n-decanoic acid ( PFDA ) are presented in Table 3. A dose-response reldtionship

Octanoyl-Homoserine Lactone Is the Cognate Signal for Burkholderia mallei BmaR1-BmaI1 Quorum Sensing

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-01

of genes. Acyl-HSL sig- naling was first identified in the luminescent marine bacterium Vibrio fischeri, which produces blue light at high cell...with shaking at 16°C, cells were harvested by centrifugation at 2,750 g for 20 min. Cell pellets were frozen, thawed at room temperature, suspended in...the Vibrio fischeri strain ATCC7744. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:5688–5692. 11. Engebrecht, J., and M. Silverman. 1984. Identification of genes and

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, L.R.

The global lily pond in which four billion of us live may already be half full. The author believes that UN projections showing world population continuing to grow until it reaches ten to sixteen billion is unrealistic. In this analysis of the four principal biological systems on which humanity depends - fisheries, forests, grasslands, and croplands - the author shows that the demands at current levels of population and per capita consumption often exceed the long-term carrying capacity. The effects of overfishing, deforestation, and overgrazing that are gradually undermining human life-support systems are documented. With energy shortages anticipated inthe earlymore » eighties and the projected downturn in world oil production in the early nineties, the world must quickly shift to renewable energy resources. These accommodations constitute an enormous challenge and suggest changes that will affect virtually every facet of human existence. The coming transformation will surely give rise to new social structures and to an economic system materially different from any we know today. Like other periods of convulsive change, it will put great stress on both individuals and institutions. 106 references, 17 figures, 18 tables.« less

Energy Conversion in High Enthalpy Flows and Non-equilibrium Plasmas

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

walls of the supersonic test section after the nozzle exit diverge at a 1.5 degree angle each to provide boundary- layer relief. The static pressure in...the supersonic section is measured using a wall pressure tap in the side wall at the end of the nozzle . A 4 cm long, 5 mm diameter quartz cylinder...model is mounted in the center of the 7 cm long supersonic test section, i.e., 3.5 cm downstream of the end of the nozzle . The model extends wall-to

History of the Great Patriotic War of the Soviet Union, 1941-1945. Volume 6. Results of the Great Patriotic War,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-10-06

Under %he peculiar conditions of Second World War this Leninist prediction/forecast completely justified. The process of the nonuniform development of...and resourcefulness were required heroines Ye. G. Mazanik, N. V. Troyan and M. B. Osipovoy in order to select into the very lair of deputy Hitler in...the front, in the rear, in the lair of enemy - to give entire their energy to the work of victory were that decisive force which gave rise to the mass

Proceedings of the Smoke/Obscurants Symposium V, Held at Harry Diamond Laboratories, Adelphi, Maryland on 28-30 April 1981. Volume I

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

test path. During all battlefield environment tests an AGA recording camera provided LWIR images of the area and of calibrated ther- mal sources in...the observed shifting in the t-52 minute and t-144 minutes curves is consistent with che observed shifting of the latex standards and the nonuniform ...Smoke Week III was 30 Hz. This corresponds to a M.1 m resolution UNCLASSIFIED3 317 A-25 UNCLASSIFIED of the aerosol nonuniformities in the direction

Advanced Durability Analysis. Volume 2. Analytical Predictions, Test Results and Analytical Correlations

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-27

34 - 0.75") associated with fuel leakage/ligament breakage.,- No matter what form, location or combination the as-maiufactured flaws may "have in...the fractographic data used, the fractographic crack size range used for the back-extrapolation and the crack growth rate model used, (6) it must be...Growth Rate Parameters 3.3.1.2 Estimation of EIFSD 36 Parameters 3.3.1.3 Goodness-of-Fit. Plots 37 3.3.1.4 Discussion of Results 50 3.3.2 Straight-Bore

The Solar Neighborhood. 35. Distances to 1404 M Dwarf Systems Within 25 PC in the Southern Sky

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

reference, and 2MASS JHKs magnitudes. The table is divided into the 1404 systems within 25 pc (top) and the 344 systems beyond 25 pc (bottom). A number in... 2MASS JHKs magnitudes, as discussed in Section 4.1. The plate R59F magnitude is the second, more recent R epoch measurement of the two available in...the SuperCOSMOS Sky Survey. The term ccddist is used to indicate a distance estimate that combines CCD VRI and 2MASS JHKs magnitudes, as discussed in

Homeland Security as a Stock Market: Antifragility as a Strategy for Homeland Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

analogy.”27 Merriam-Webster defines metaphor as “a figure of speech in which one word or phrase literally denoting one kind of object or idea is used in...things agree with one another in some respects they will probably agree in others.”39 Wolfe expands this definition as “a figure of speech where one or...and Sedition Acts, the rise of the Red Scare in the 1950s and arguably the unsustainable post-9/11 buildup of homeland security resources and laws

The Vaiont Slide. A Geotechnical Analysis Based on New Geologic Observations of the Failure Surface. Volume 1. Main Text

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-06-01

in Appendix G. The symbols used in Appendix G are the same as those used in the geologic maps by Rossi and Semenza (1965a). Figures 11 and 12 in...the 1963 slide. Their interpretations are presented as Figures 15 through 22 ’ ’ ■ M .i i . 20. The symbols used for the units on these...Weber, E. 1964. Die Katastrophe von Vaiont in Oberitalien, Wasser -und Energiewirtschaft. Vol. 56, No. 2/3, pp. 61-69. Weiss, V. E. H. 1964. Vajont

A Pilot Study of Peritoneal Perfusion with a Novel Hemoglobin Based Oxygen Carrier in Swine (Sus scrofa)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-12

has a high rate of complications, obliges systemic anticoagulation, and requires a significant level of logistics support as well as expertise. In...the endotracheal tube was clamped, ceasing gas exchange in the lung. Arterial blood gases and time to death were then recorded. No differences were...observed between treatment and control animals in terms of C02, 02 and time to death . Peritoneal gas exchange did not improve oxygenation, ventilation or time to death in this severe model of lung injury.

A Theory of Conditional Information for Probabilistic Inference in Intelligent Systems: 1. Interval of Events Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

8217tonditional events" as well-defined ob- jects as in De Finetti [14];, Gilio t[15]L When the strength of the rule b-)a is computed in the context of...uncertain outcome (see, e.g., McGee [5]-) or a coherency argument inthe sense ’of De Finetti as employed by Gilio et al [15],([17J1 or Coletti et al. 118...probabil- ity through a scoring characterization, extending De Finetti’s coherency principle. (See also Gilio et al. [17] for additional results

Installation and Sampling of Observation Wells and Analyses of Water From the Shallow Aquifer at Selected Waste-Disposal Sites in the Memphis Area, Tennessee

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

water-table aquifer. This aquifer is made up chiefly of the alluvium and fluvial (terrace) deposits of Quaternary age , but locally may include sand in...the uppermost part of the Jackson Formation and Claiborne Group of Tertiary age . Water samples were collected from these 10 wells and from two...been identified as having received unknown quantities and types of industrial wastes (Waste Age , 1979, p. 54, 56). These sites are the (1) Belleuue

Mid Infrared Polarized Light Scattering; Applications for the Remote Detection of Chemical and Biological Contaminations

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

CLASSIFICATION 11. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACTI rnEHUC AGE OF ABSTRACTUNCLSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED UL NSN... ag . ;nst liquid chemical agent simulants SF96, DIMP, and DMMP on a soil surface. The crosshatched wavelengthi-angle domains are areas where the...WHITE ag WRIUT pE/pmv" I MAKE LINE DASHED "fl WRlE,(*WML1r LINE COLOR WHITE al2 ELSE 3 WIUrTE(*,jEJ/MVO MAKE LINE SOUD 244 CALL INThPr(ICOL.COL) I NEER

Heavy Lift Helicopter Flight Control System. Volume III. Automatic Flight Control System Development and Feasibility Demonstration

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-01

vdI1 SCCLRITY CLASSIFICATIOlN OF THIS PAGE(When DMae ffnifod) Block 20 (Cont): ------ AFCS control laws are examined. Associated documents are: Volume I...both the HII gain and LO gain outputs. Both were traced to defective components. In the former, the HII gain output amplifier AR4 was replaced and in...the latter, a relay in the relay module was defective . 613 S. . ......-. . . 6.2.2.4 ExcessivC Time Lag During the BARO altitude hold evaluation, the

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Constable, S.A.; Orange, Arnold S.; Hoversten, G. Michael

Induction in electrically conductive seawater attenuates themagnetotelluric (MT) fields and, coupled with a minimum around 1 Hz inthe natural magnetic field spectrum, leads to a dramatic loss of electricand magnetic field power on the sea floor at periods shorter than 1000 s,For this reason the marine MT method traditionally has been used only atperiods of 10(3) to 10(5) s to probe deep mantle structure; rarely does asea-floor MT response extend to a 100-s period. To be useful for mappingcontinental shelf structure at depths relevant to petroleum exploration,however, MT measurements need to be made at periods between 1 and 1000 s.Thismore » can be accomplished using ac-coupled sensors, induction coils forthe magnetic field, and an electric field amplifier developed for marinecontrolled-source applications. The electrically quiet sea floor allowsthe attenuated electric field to be amplified greatly before recording;in deep (l-km) water, motional noise in magnetic field sensors appearsnot to be a problem. In shallower water, motional noise does degrade themagnetic measurement, but sea-floor magnetic records can be replaced byland recordings, producing an effective sea-surface MT response. Fieldtrials of such equipment in l-km-deep water produced good-quality MTresponses at periods of 3 to 1000 s: in shallower water, responses to afew hertz can be obtained. Using an autonomous sea-floor data loggerdeveloped at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, marine surveys of 50 to100 sites are feasible.« less

Epigenetic Basis for the Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Alpha Activity in Breast Cancer Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-01

B) GPER and TESK2 expression after CARM1 silencing in MCF7 was determined by reverse transcription-qPCR and revealed the requirement for CARM1 in...the E2-induced repression of GPER and TESK2. siLUC was used as a control. *, P 0.05; **, P 0.01; ***, P 0.001. (C) Enrichment of Ec3 cluster...sites (blue blocks) near GPER and TESK2 E2-downregulated target genes (red blocks). 3416 LUPIEN ET AL. MOL. CELL. BIOL. at A C Q S E R V IC E /S E R IA

TSAR User’s Manual: A Program for Assessing the Effects of Conventional and Chemical Attacks on Sortie Generation. Volume 3. Variable and Array Definitions, and other Program Aids

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-09-01

array. LTHPER Length of the MPPERS array. LTHQPA Length of the QPA array. LTHXRT Length of the XROOT array. MAXACN Maximum number of aircraft that can...3 Time remaining until the ready-to-fly time at time of report Number of XROOT Array Entries (GENERATED) NROOT (MAXT) The total number of entries in...the XROOT array for each aircraft type. AIS Station Status NSTAT (NOSTAT, I, MAXB) I = 1 Total number of stations of each type on base = 2 Number in

Situation awareness-based agent transparency for human-autonomy teaming effectiveness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jessie Y. C.; Barnes, Michael J.; Wright, Julia L.; Stowers, Kimberly; Lakhmani, Shan G.

2017-05-01

We developed the Situation awareness-based Agent Transparency (SAT) model to support human operators' situation awareness of the mission environment through teaming with intelligent agents. The model includes the agent's current actions and plans (Level 1), its reasoning process (Level 2), and its projection of future outcomes (Level 3). Human-inthe-loop simulation experiments have been conducted (Autonomous Squad Member and IMPACT) to illustrate the utility of the model for human-autonomy team interface designs. Across studies, the results consistently showed that human operators' task performance improved as the agents became more transparent. They also perceived transparent agents as more trustworthy.

Environmental Fate and Ecological Impact of Emerging Energetic Chemicals (ADN, DNAN and its Amino-Derivatives, PETN, NTO, NQ, FOX-7, and FOX-12) and an Insensitive Formulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

the two soils [12,32]. Chemical analyses of test soil (Fig. 4A) and earthworm tissue (Fig. 4B) showed that addition of earthworms to soil aided in...the soil DNAN concentration (30 mg/kg, measured prior to addition of earthworms to test soils). 3.0 ECOTOXICOLOGY OF NTO, NQ, FOX-7, AND FOX-12... addition , Sarlauska et al. [40] examined the toxicity of NTO by looking at selected enzymes isolated from pig, or a virus-transformed lamb kidney

GEIS Surveillance Network Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

identified again were blastocystis hominis and entamoeba coli. Sexually Transmitted Infections : In Kenya, one of the more prosperous countries in...the etiologies of sexually transmitted infections and acute febrile illnesses in military and civilian populations, and establish the pattern of... Infections …………………………………………. 10 Capacity Development…………………………………………………….. 11 Key Research Accomplishments………………………………………….…….. 12 Reportable

The origin of Halley-type comets: probing the inner Oort cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Levison, H.; Dones, L.; Duncan, M.

2000-10-01

We have integrated the orbits of 27,700 test particles initially entering the planetary system from the Oort cloud in order to study the origin of Halley-type comets (HTCs). We included the gravitational influence of the Sun, giant planets, passing stars, and galactic tides. We find that an isotropically distributed Oort cloud does not reproduce the observed orbital element distribution of the HTCs. In order to match the observations, the initial inclination distribution of the progenitors of the HTCs must be similar to the observed HTC inclination distribution. We can match the observations with an Oort cloud that consists of an isotropic outer cloud and a disk-like massive inner cloud. These idealized two-component models have inner disks with median inclinations that range from 10 to 50o. This analysis represents the first link between observations and the structure of the inner Oort cloud. HFL and LD gratefully acknowledges grants provided by the NASA Origins of Solar Systems and Planetary Geology and Geophysics Programs. MJD is grateful for the continuing financial support of the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada and for financial support for work done inthe U.S.from NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Programs.

An oscillator model of the timing of turn-taking.

PubMed

Wilson, Margaret; Wilson, Thomas P

2005-12-01

When humans talk without conventionalized arrangements, they engage in conversation--that is, a continuous and largely nonsimultaneous exchange in which speakers take turns. Turn-taking is ubiquitous in conversation and is the normal case against which alternatives, such as interruptions, are treated as violations that warrant repair. Furthermore, turn-taking involves highly coordinated timing, including a cyclic rise and fall in the probability of initiating speech during brief silences, and involves the notable rarity, especially in two-party conversations, of two speakers' breaking a silence at once. These phenomena, reported by conversation analysts, have been neglected by cognitive psychologists, and to date there has been no adequate cognitive explanation. Here, we propose that, during conversation, endogenous oscillators in the brains of the speaker and the listeners become mutually entrained, on the basis of the speaker's rate of syllable production. This entrained cyclic pattern governs the potential for initiating speech at any given instant for the speaker and also for the listeners (as potential next speakers). Furthermore, the readiness functions of the listeners are counterphased with that of the speaker, minimizing the likelihood of simultaneous starts by a listener and the previous speaker. This mutual entrainment continues for a brief period when the speech stream ceases, accounting for the cyclic property of silences. This model not only captures the timing phenomena observed inthe literature on conversation analysis, but also converges with findings from the literatures on phoneme timing, syllable organization, and interpersonal coordination.

Ion flux oscillations and ULF waves observed by ARASE satellite and their origin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamamoto, K.; Masahito, N.; Kasahara, S.; Yokota, S.; Keika, K.; Matsuoka, A.; Teramoto, M.; Nomura, R.; Fujimoto, A.; Tanaka, Y.; Shinohara, M.; Shinohara, I.; Yoshizumi, M.

2017-12-01

The ARASE satellite, which was launched on December 20, 2016, is now observing thenightside inner magnetosphere. The inclination of the orbit is larger than those of otherrecent spacecraft flying in the inner magnetosphere such as THMEIS and Van Allen Probes.This unique orbit provides us new information on ULF waves since ULF waves havelatitudinal structure and the antinode of magnetic fluctuations of fundamental mode is athigh magnetic latitudes.Although Pc pulsations are predominantly observed on the dayside, ARASE satellitesometimes observes Pc4-5 pulsations on the nightside. Some of these waves are accompaniedwith energetic particle flux modulations. We found 6 events of the particle flux modulationsaccompanying Pc pulsations on the dawnside and nightside. Theoretical studies suggest thatULF waves detected at afternoon are generated by plasma instabilities like drift-mirror instability [Hasegawa, 1969] and drift-bounce resonance [Southwood et al, 1969].These instabilities cause plasma pressure disturbances or flux modulation of ions. Nonresonant ion clouds injected on the duskside are also considered to be one of the candidates ofULF wave driver [Zolotukhina, 1974]. We therefore discuss whether the ULF waves observedby ARASE satellite are generated internally or externally, and the flux modulations arecreated by plasma instabilities or the other non-resonant effects.On March 31, 2017, Medium-Energy Particle Experiments - Ion Mass Analyzer (MEPi)onboard ARASE detected ion flux oscillations at 12-70 keV with a period of 120 seconds inthe normal (NML) mode observation. NML mode observation provides details of the directionof particle movements. The pitch angle distribution of proton flux showed isotropic fluxoscillations. At the same time, Pc4 pulsations with the same oscillation period were observed.These flux and field perturbations were seen on the dawnside (4.3-5.9 MLT).ARASE found oscillations of ion count with a period of 130 seconds in the time-of-flight(TOF) mode observation at midnight on May 29, 2017. Therefore, we used the list data, that is createdfor onboard calibrations, to make a pitch angle distribution of ion counts. The pitch angledistribution did not have clear fluctuations, so that the oscillations may beattributed to angyrotropic particle distributions.

Final Environmental Assessment for the Update and Implementation of the Total Force Training Mission for Visiting Units (Operation Snowbird, Multi-Service, and Foreign Military Sales), Davis-Monthan Air Force Base, Arizona

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-14

elimina ources h alternative Aircraft licopters April ation Luke AFB T No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes s to increas ver, the ai work and t...data are shown in Table 3-9. There were almost 463,000 people in the labor force in the ROI. The average 2012 unemployment rate of 7.3 percent in...the ROI/Pima County is below the 2012 average unemployment rate for Arizona (8.3 percent) and the Nation (8.1 percent). Table 3-9. Labor Force

Conference Proceedings of Applications of Mesh Generation to Complex 3-D Configurations Held at the Specialists’ Meeting of the Fluid Dynamics Panel in Leon, Norway on 24th-25th May 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-01

Computations, edited by I. Babu ka, 0. C . Zienkiewicz, J. Gago, and E. R. de A. Oliveira ( John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1986), p. 281. [4] B. Wedan and J...GENERATION TO COMPLEX 3-D CONFIGURATIONS ., " c 1- For Papers presented and discussion- held at the Specialists’ Meeting of the Fluid Dynamics Panel in...the Panels which are composed of experts appointed by the National Delegates. the Consultant and Fxch., ., c Progi amime and the Aerospace Applications

Photometric catalogue for stars in Selected Areas and other fields inthe RGU-system (X). Photometry of fields in and near to the Milky Way: Anticenter 5, Carina (IC 2581), Centaurus III, Aquila II, Cassiopeia(NGC 7654).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Becker, W.; Fenkart, R. P.; Spaenhauer, A.; Alfaro, E. A.; Kandemir, G.; Karaali, S.; Fang, C.; Garcia-Pelayo, J. M.; Steppe, H.; Topaktas, L.

The tenth volume of the Basle Photometric Catalogues contains the G-magnitudes, as well as the long- (G-R) and short-wave (U-G) colour indices of the stars in five galactic fields. Additionally, data as obtained from the interpretationof the two-colour diagrams are given, i.e.: if the star in question has been identified as a main-sequence star of either population, or asa late-type giant, or if it is blended on the photographic plates of one or more colours.

Observability and Estimation of Distributed Space Systems via Local Information-Exchange Networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rahmani, Amirreza; Mesbahi, Mehran; Fathpour, Nanaz; Hadaegh, Fred Y.

2008-01-01

In this work, we develop an approach to formation estimation by explicitly characterizing formation's system-theoretic attributes in terms of the underlying inter-spacecraft information-exchange network. In particular, we approach the formation observer/estimator design by relaxing the accessibility to the global state information by a centralized observer/estimator- and in turn- providing an analysis and synthesis framework for formation observers/estimators that rely on local measurements. The noveltyof our approach hinges upon the explicit examination of the underlying distributed spacecraft network in the realm of guidance, navigation, and control algorithmic analysis and design. The overarching goal of our general research program, some of whose results are reported in this paper, is the development of distributed spacecraft estimation algorithms that are scalable, modular, and robust to variations inthe topology and link characteristics of the formation information exchange network. In this work, we consider the observability of a spacecraft formation from a single observation node and utilize the agreement protocol as a mechanism for observing formation states from local measurements. Specifically, we show how the symmetry structure of the network, characterized in terms of its automorphism group, directly relates to the observability of the corresponding multi-agent system The ramification of this notion of observability over networks is then explored in the context of distributed formation estimation.

Synthesis and characterization of Au-MWCNT/PEDOT: PSS composite film for optoelectronic applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jasna, M.; Anjana, R.; Jayaraj, M. K.

2017-08-01

Recently, flexible organic optoelectronics have got great attention because of their light weight, mechanical flexibility and cost effective fabrication process. Conjugated polymers like PEDOT: PSS are widely used for the transparent electrode applications due to its chemical stability, high conductivity, flexibility and optical transparency in the visible region. Conductivity of the PEDOT: PSS polymer can be enhanced by adding organic solvents or conducting nano fillers like CNT, graphene, etc. Carbon nanotubes are good nano fillers to enhance the conductivity and mechanical strength of PEDOT: PSS composite film. Inthe present work, the effect of gold nano particles in PEDOT: PSS/CNT composite is studied. The conductivity enhancement in PEDOT: PSS/CNT thin films can be attributed to the formation of CNT network in the polymer matrix and conformational change of the PEDOT from benzoid to quinoid structure. Even though the conductivity was enhanced, the transparency of the composite thin films decreased with increase in CNT concentration. To overcome this problem, gold nano particles were attached to CNT walls via chemical route. AuMWCNT/PEDOT: PSS composite films were prepared by spin coating method. TEM images confirmed the decoration of gold nano particles on CNT walls. Electrical and optical properties of the composite films were studied. This simple solution processed conducting films are suitable for optoelectronic applications

Analysis of the Extent of Completion of Skin Assessments and Documentation of Risk for Skin Breakdown in the Trauma Patient Who Experiences Hypovolemic Shock Requiring Massive Transfusion Resuscitation and Surgical Intervention

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

Mawson , A. R., Suarez, E., & Biundo, J . J . (1987). Association between pressure sores. and immobilization in...the immediate post-injury period. Orthopedics, 10(4), 571-573. Mawson , A. R., Biundo, J . J ., Neville, P., Linares, H. A., Winchester, Y. & Lopez, A...8 X2; 4 4 --! Cl) .8- " i ,,_ ll,. "- 4, ’ l _~_ .4I_ o 08 . ° - i*oii t t t.E ’ .".i .= = li eX. o *’ o • a" - = L o. e. o.. w -- E’ -aail IM L_ j

Autonomous Sustain and Resupply, Phase 1 Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-01

B cLrlDU with"~’ fuol t= k \\hot will rlM"’’’ _ " ..... ,,«0 """flN >000< _ """""" .H •• "", ,, .. ......,. .- ;, "" fdl lo...8217" "’" «’Ojoo<, _ ocuum> .... ’""’ .. "’’’’ri"". f~ Tho """,_ ~_ ’Oil .. M>dy b _ p"" b ~ " .,. "d cL <=<nO, =, "., ’" """ b , c:tristm» =, in...the art 3/08 loB Revised Technical Approach report 3/08 Phase 2

[The study of functional status in the perception of visual information depending on the method of technical color mixing on LCD and DLP projectors technology].

PubMed

Merkulova, A G; Osokina, E S; Bukhtiiarov, I V

2014-10-01

The case of compare two ways of projection color visual images, characterized by different spatial-temporal characteristics of visual stimuli, presents the methodology and the set of techniques. Received comparative data, identifying risks of regulation disorder of the functional state and development general, mental and visual fatigue during prolonged strenuous visual activity, according to two types of test tasks, which are the most typical for the use of modern projectors to work with the audience, both inthe process of implementation of learning technologies and the collective take responsible decisions by expert groups that control of complex technological processes.

The effect of truncation on very small cardiac SPECT camerasystems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rohmer, Damien; Eisner, Robert L.; Gullberg, Grant T.

2006-08-01

Background: The limited transaxial field-of-view (FOV) of avery small cardiac SPECT camera system causes view-dependent truncationof the projection of structures exterior to, but near the heart. Basictomographic principles suggest that the reconstruction of non-attenuatedtruncated data gives a distortion-free image in the interior of thetruncated region, but the DC term of the Fourier spectrum of thereconstructed image is incorrect, meaning that the intensity scale of thereconstruction is inaccurate. The purpose of this study was tocharacterize the reconstructed image artifacts from truncated data, andto quantify their effects on the measurement of tracer uptake in themyocardial. Particular attention was given to instances wheremore » the heartwall is close to hot structures (structures of high activity uptake).Methods: The MCAT phantom was used to simulate a 2D slice of the heartregion. Truncated and non-truncated projections were formed both with andwithout attenuation. The reconstructions were analyzed for artifacts inthe myocardium caused by truncation, and for the effect that attenuationhas relative to increasing those artifacts. Results: The inaccuracy dueto truncation is primarily caused by an incorrect DC component. Forvisualizing theleft ventricular wall, this error is not worse than theeffect of attenuation. The addition of a small hot bowel-like structurenear the left ventricle causes few changes in counts on the wall. Largerartifacts due to the truncation are located at the boundary of thetruncation and can be eliminated by sinogram interpolation. Finally,algebraic reconstruction methods are shown to give better reconstructionresults than an analytical filtered back-projection reconstructionalgorithm. Conclusion: Small inaccuracies in reconstructed images fromsmall FOV camera systems should have little effect on clinicalinterpretation. However, changes in the degree of inaccuracy in countsfrom slice toslice are due to changes in the truncated structures. Thesecan result in a visual 3-dimensional distortion. As with conventionallarge FOV systems attenuation effects have a much more significant effecton image accuracy.« less

Determination of Primary Spectral Bands for Remote Sensing of Aquatic Environments.

PubMed

Lee, ZhongPing; Carder, Kendall; Arnone, Robert; He, MingXia

2007-12-20

About 30 years ago, NASA launched the first ocean-color observing satellite:the Coastal Zone Color Scanner. CZCS had 5 bands in the visible-infrared domain with anobjective to detect changes of phytoplankton (measured by concentration of chlorophyll) inthe oceans. Twenty years later, for the same objective but with advanced technology, theSea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS, 7 bands), the Moderate-ResolutionImaging Spectrometer (MODIS, 8 bands), and the Medium Resolution ImagingSpectrometer (MERIS, 12 bands) were launched. The selection of the number of bands andtheir positions was based on experimental and theoretical results achieved before thedesign of these satellite sensors. Recently, Lee and Carder (2002) demonstrated that foradequate derivation of major properties (phytoplankton biomass, colored dissolved organicmatter, suspended sediments, and bottom properties) in both oceanic and coastalenvironments from observation of water color, it is better for a sensor to have ~15 bands inthe 400 - 800 nm range. In that study, however, it did not provide detailed analysesregarding the spectral locations of the 15 bands. Here, from nearly 400 hyperspectral (~ 3-nm resolution) measurements of remote-sensing reflectance (a measure of water color)taken in both coastal and oceanic waters covering both optically deep and optically shallowwaters, first- and second-order derivatives were calculated after interpolating themeasurements to 1-nm resolution. From these derivatives, the frequency of zero values foreach wavelength was accounted for, and the distribution spectrum of such frequencies wasobtained. Furthermore, the wavelengths that have the highest appearance of zeros wereidentified. Because these spectral locations indicate extrema (a local maximum orminimum) of the reflectance spectrum or inflections of the spectral curvature, placing the bands of a sensor at these wavelengths maximizes the potential of capturing (and then restoring) the spectral curve, and thus maximizes the potential of accurately deriving properties of the water column and/or bottom of various aquatic environments with a multi-band sensor.

Sensitivity of Four Cyanobacterial Isolates from Tropical Freshwaters to Environmentally Realistic Concentrations of Cr(6+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2.).

PubMed

Munagamage, Thilini; Rathnayake, I V N; Pathiratne, A; Megharaj, Mallavarapu

2016-06-01

Sensitivity of four tropical cyanobacteria viz. Coelosphaerium sp., Synechococcus sp., Oscillatoria sp. and Chroococcus sp. to environmentally relevant concentrations of Cr(6+), Cd(2+) and Zn(2+)was assessed based on fluorescence change as a proxy for growth reduction. At 24 h exposure, the growth reduction inthe cyanobacteria followed the order: Zn(2+) < Cr(6+) ≤ Cd(2+). Of the four cyanobacteria, Synechococcus was the most sensitive for Cr(6+), where as Chroococcus was the most sensitive for Cd(2+)and Zn(2+). Sensitivity was gradually decreased by 96 h implying the acquisition of tolerance by cyanobacteria to heavy metal ions with prolonged exposure.

Zero point and zero suffix methods with robust ranking for solving fully fuzzy transportation problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngastiti, P. T. B.; Surarso, Bayu; Sutimin

2018-05-01

Transportation issue of the distribution problem such as the commodity or goods from the supply tothe demmand is to minimize the transportation costs. Fuzzy transportation problem is an issue in which the transport costs, supply and demand are in the form of fuzzy quantities. Inthe case study at CV. Bintang Anugerah Elektrik, a company engages in the manufacture of gensets that has more than one distributors. We use the methods of zero point and zero suffix to investigate the transportation minimum cost. In implementing both methods, we use robust ranking techniques for the defuzzification process. The studyresult show that the iteration of zero suffix method is less than that of zero point method.

Travelers In The Night

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grauer, Albert D.

2014-11-01

Travelers In The Night is an engaging and informative series of two minute radio programs about asteroids, comets, spacecraft, and other objects in space. The pieces are evergreen in that they are current but not dated. They are published on the Public Radio Exchange and carried by a number of radio stations. For teachers, students, and kids of all ages, the script for each piece and the start of a path for further inquiry can be found on the website travelersinthenight.org . The Travelers InThe Night Pieces are written and produced by an observing member of the Catalina Sky Survey Team at the University of Arizona. DPS members are encouraged to submit program ideas which can be developed to feature their research efforts.

Rover Traverse Planning to Support a Lunar Polar Volatiles Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heldmann, J.L.; Colaprete, A.C.; Elphic, R. C.; Bussey, B.; McGovern, A.; Beyer, R.; Lees, D.; Deans, M. C.; Otten, N.; Jones, H.;

The Effects of the Addition of Silica Mol Fraction (x = 1.5; 2; 2.5) as a Solid Electrolyte on Ion Conductivity of NASICON (Na1-xZr2SixP3-xO12) Using Solid-State Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pratiwi, V. M.; Purwaningsih, H.; Widyastuti; Fajarin, R.; Setyawan, H.

2017-05-01

Energy is a very important in modern life and need innovations to develop it. One innovation is the application of energyfor storage devices, such as batteries, capacitors, fuel cells, etc. For 30 years, the application of the NASICON (Na1+xZr2SixP3-xO12) into the NASICON gas sensor material was successfully prepared by using solid-state method. The raw materials such as SiO2, Na2CO3, ZrO2, and NaH2PO4 with a little methanol were mixed in Ballmill equipment. The silica powder was made by the extraction of bagasse ash by using sol-gel method. The x-ray diffraction patternshowedthat the result of silica extraction was amorphous and the NASICON structure wassynthesizedto bemonoclinic. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that silica had non-uniform surface morphology and the NASICON had good surface morphology only on the form of Na3Zr2Si2PO12. The ionic conductivty of NASICON wasshown on LCR Nyquist plot of the three compositions. The highest NASICON conductivity was found inthe composition of x = 2.0, i.e. 1.142x10-8 S/m.

Charge-associated effects of fullerene derivatives on microbialstructural integrity and central metabolism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tang, Yinjie J.; Ashcroft, Jared M.; Chen, Ding

2007-01-23

The effects of four types of fullerene compounds (C60,C60-OH, C60-COOH, C60-NH2) were examined on two model microorganisms(Escherichia coli W3110 and Shewanella oneidensis MR-1). Positivelycharged C60-NH2 at concentrations as low as 10 mg/L inhibited growth andreduced substrate uptake for both microorganisms. Scanning ElectronMicroscopy (SEM) revealed damage to cellular structures.Neutrally-charged C60 and C60-OH had mild negative effects on S.oneidensis MR-1, whereas the negatively-charged C60-COOH did not affecteither microorganism s growth. The effect of fullerene compounds onglobal metabolism was further investigated using [3-13C]L-lactateisotopic labeling, which tracks perturbations to metabolic reaction ratesin bacteria by examining the change in the isotopic labeling pattern inthe resultingmore » metabolites (often amino acids).1-3 The 13C isotopomeranalysis from all fullerene-exposed cultures revealed no significantdifferences in isotopomer distributions from unstressed cells. Thisresult indicates that microbial central metabolism is robust toenvironmental stress inflicted by fullerene nanoparticles. In addition,although C60-NH2 compounds caused mechanical stress on the cell wall ormembrane, both S. oneidensis MR-1 and E. coli W3110 can efficientlyalleviate such stress by cell aggregation and precipitation of the toxicnanoparticles. The results presented here favor the hypothesis thatfullerenes cause more membrane stress4, 5, 6 than perturbation to energymetabolism7« less

Fast and exact Newton and Bidirectional fitting of Active Appearance Models.

PubMed

Kossaifi, Jean; Tzimiropoulos, Yorgos; Pantic, Maja

2016-12-21

Active Appearance Models (AAMs) are generative models of shape and appearance that have proven very attractive for their ability to handle wide changes in illumination, pose and occlusion when trained in the wild, while not requiring large training dataset like regression-based or deep learning methods. The problem of fitting an AAM is usually formulated as a non-linear least squares one and the main way of solving it is a standard Gauss-Newton algorithm. In this paper we extend Active Appearance Models in two ways: we first extend the Gauss-Newton framework by formulating a bidirectional fitting method that deforms both the image and the template to fit a new instance. We then formulate a second order method by deriving an efficient Newton method for AAMs fitting. We derive both methods in a unified framework for two types of Active Appearance Models, holistic and part-based, and additionally show how to exploit the structure in the problem to derive fast yet exact solutions. We perform a thorough evaluation of all algorithms on three challenging and recently annotated inthe- wild datasets, and investigate fitting accuracy, convergence properties and the influence of noise in the initialisation. We compare our proposed methods to other algorithms and show that they yield state-of-the-art results, out-performing other methods while having superior convergence properties.

The effects of mercury on developing larvae of Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Gould) . I. Interactions of temperature, salinity and mercuryon larval development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McKenney, C. L.; Costlow, J. D.

1982-02-01

Larvae of the estuarine xanthid crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii were reared inthe laboratory from hatch through completion of metamorphosis to postlarva in 64 combinations of temperature (20-35°C), salinity (10-40‰) and mercury (0-20 parts 10 -9 Hg 2+). Multiple linear regression analysis and response surface methodology were used to determine and visually display the individual and interactive effects of the various constant temperature-salinity-mercury combinations on both survival and developmental rates of developing larvae throughout total larval development and for zoeae and megalopae separately, to distinguish any differential sensitivity between the two larval forms. Survival capacity of larvae under a broad range of salinities and temperatures characteristic of temperate estuarine conditions was progressively reduced upon continual exposure to mercury ranging from 5 to 20 parts 10 -9 Hg 2+. Exposure concentrations as low as 5 parts 10 -9 Hg 2+ reduced the salinity and temperature plasciticity of the normally euryhalinic and eurythermal larvae. Larval survival from hatch to postlarva was affected by both mercury-salinity and mercury-temperature interactions with mercury toxicity increasing under suboptimal temperatures and salinities. Viability of early zoeal stages proved more sensitive to mercury exposure than the final megalopa stage. Exposure to mercury concentrations from 5-20 parts 10 -9, Hg 2+ prolonged complete developmental duration by 3 to 4 days with zoeal developmental rates retarded more than megalopal rates. Developmental rates of the megalopa were more reduced by mercury at higher salinities, and both zoeal and megalopal developmental rates were more retarded by mercury at lower temperatures. The reduced plasticity of larvae to estuarine conditions, and retarded developmental rates by low mercury concentrations may reduce recruitment into adult benthic populations and alter the distributional patterns of pelagic R. harrisii larvae.

[Study of the occupational stress norm and it's application for the executive group and administrative support group].

PubMed

Yang, Xin-wei; Wang, Zhi-ming; Jin, Tai-yi; Lan, Ya-jia

2006-07-01

A study of the occupational stress norm and it's application for the executive group and administrative support group. In this study, cross-sectional study method is used, and a synthetic way of sorting and randomized sampling is adopted to deal with research targets (263 executive group, 569 administrative support group). Descriptive statistics for OSI-R scale scores for the executive group, administrative support group were modulated. Scale raw score to T-score conversion tables derived from the OSI-R normative sample for executive group, administrative support group were established. OSI-R profile from for executive group, administrative support group were established. For the ORQ and PSQ scales, scores at or above 70 indicate a strong levels of maladaptive stress and strain. Score inthe range of 60 to 69 suggest middle levels of maladaptive stress and strain. Score in the range of 40 to 59 indicate normal levels of stress and strain. Score below 40 indicate a relative absence of occupational stress and strain. For the PRQ scales, score below 30 indicate a significant lack of coping resources. Score in the range of 30 to 39 suggest middle deficits in coping resources. Score in the range of 40 to 59 indicate average coping resources. Scores at or above 60 indicate a strong levels of coping resources. Based on occupational Stress norm, raw score to T-score conversion tables, OSI-R profile form and classification criterion, we could estimate the level of occupation stress, stressor, strain and coping resources in different occupation. In addition, we combined subjective and objective environment match model of occupational stress. The various individual and organizational intervention measures should be taken to reduce the occupational stress and to increase coping so as to improve the work ability.

India: Asia-Pacific energy series country report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gazdar, M.N.

As part of our continuing assessment of Asia-Pacific energy markets, the Resources Programs of the East-West Center series of country studies that discuss in detail the structure of the energy sector. To date, our reports to the US Department of Energy, Assistant Secretary for International Affairs and Energy Emergencies, have covered Australia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Singapore, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand. The country studies provide an overview of the economic and political situation in the various countries. We have highlighted petroleum and gas issues in the country studies and have attempted to showmore » the foreign trade implications of oil and gas trade. To the greatest extent possible, we have provided the latest available statistics. Staff members have traveled extensively in-and at times have lived in-the countries under review and have held discussions with senior policymakers in government and industry. Thus, these reports provide not only information but also the latest thinking on energy issues in the various countries. Over the next few years these country studies can be updated and will provide a continuous, long-term source of energy sector analysis for the Asia-Pacific region. This India Asia-Pacific Energy Series Country Report is the follow-on to a study by Victor Lobo, Energy in India: The Oil Sector, which was published by the East-West Center in December 1989. The study focused on the petroleum industry, particularly refining, infrastructure, marketing and distribution, specifications of products, demand structure and pricing. This current study, must be seen as a supplement to our 1989 study and, as such, does not cover the petroleum sector in depth.« less

The Relative Importance of Spatial Versus Temporal Structure in the Perception of Biological Motion: An Event-Related Potential Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hirai, Masahiro; Hiraki, Kazuo

2006-01-01

We investigated how the spatiotemporal structure of animations of biological motion (BM) affects brain activity. We measured event-related potentials (ERPs) during the perception of BM under four conditions: normal spatial and temporal structure; scrambled spatial and normal temporal structure; normal spatial and scrambled temporal structure; and…

James Hillman: Toward a poetic psychology.

PubMed

Avens, R

1980-09-01

InThe Dream and the Underworld James Hillman continues to deepen and to refine Jung's recovery of the spontaneous image-making of the soul. Hillman's contribution lies in his "imaginai reduction"-relating of images to their archetypal background in Greek mythology. Myth is seen as the maker of the psyche, and, in turn, the soul-making ispoesis-a return to the imaginal and poetic basis of consciousness. Dreams, understood poetically, are neither messages to be deciphered and used for the benefit of the rational ego (Freud) nor compensatory to the ego (Jung); they are complete in themselves and must be allowed to speak for themselves. Hillman also sees dreams as initiations into the underworld of death-the other side of life where our imaginal substance is unobstructed by the literal and dualistic standpoints of the dayworld.

[Our experience with mini tapes (TVT Secur and MiniArc) in the surgery for stress urinary incontinence].

PubMed

Jiménez Calvo, J; Hualde Alfaro, A; Raigoso Ortega, O; Cebrian Lostal, J L; Alvarez Bandres, S; Jiménez Parra, J; Montesino Semper, M; Santiago Gonzalez de Garibay, A

2008-01-01

The purpose of this publication is to describe the surgical technique, assess complications and short-term results of TVT secur and MiniArc tapes. From October 2006 to August 2007 it was carried out the surgical correction with TVT Secur,Women's Health & Urology, Ethicon, Johnson & Johnson, placing the tape as a hammock, to 51 patients, 38 of them with pure stress incontinence and 13 with mixed incontinence and with an average age of 57 years. From September 2007 to February 2008 41 patients, 33 of them with pure stress incontinence and 8 with mixed incontinence, with an average of age of 58 years were operated with AMS Miniarc swing system tape, posted on hammock. All procedures were performed with sedoanalgesia and Ambulatory Surgery regime. Patients were monitored in outpatient visits one month, 3 months and one year after surgical procedure. Medical history and questionnaire and ICIQ-SF, to which we added a question to quantify the degree of satisfaction, as well as physical examination, were done. We compared the results of both technical procedures and statistical survey was conducted by Student test. [Analysis with SPSS software (V14.0)]. The median follow-up in TVT secur group was 328 days (range 163-522 days) and 101 days (range 41-209 days) inthe MiniArc group. We only had one (TVT secur group) surgical complication in all the series (92 patients) being a bladder perforation. Taking into account that we read a negative test effort as an objective cure in the TVT secur group, 80.4% patients are cured and 90.2% inthe MiniArc group without significant difference between both groups (p 0095). To assess the subjective healing we utilized the ICIQ-SF test and the satisfaction extra-question and we noted that there is no significant difference between the first and third month controls. (90% of patients satisfied). 80% of patients were completely satisfied in the first year control that was only performed to TVT secur group. These new tapes show fewer complications that the TVT-O and TOT tapes and allow the possibility of placement with local anesthesia but further studies are needed.

2.0 to 2.4 micron spectroscopy of T Tauri stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamann, F.; Simon, M.; Ridgway, S. T.

1988-03-01

Velocity-resolved 2.0-2.5-micron observations of the T Tau stars T, DF, DG, DK, HL, and RY Tau, SU Aur, and GW Ori are presented. For each of these stars except SU Aur, the Brackett gamma line was detected in emission with line widths inthe range of about 130-230 km/s. The Brackett gamma line profile of SU Aur is complex, having components of both emission and absorption. The first measurement of CO band-head emission in DG Tau is reported, and it is shown that published radio continuum fluxes of young stars far exceed what could be produced in an envelope ionized by only the stellar photospheric Lyman continuum. The excess of radio emission is found to be much greater in low-luminosity sources (e.g., the T Tau stars).

Physical and Chemical Processes Opacity Project: an Overview and Some Preliminary Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendoza, C.

1990-11-01

RESUMEN. El Proyecto de la Opacidad es un esfuerzo internacional dedicado a calcular con precisi6n la gran cantidad de datos at6micos que se necesitan para estimar opacidades en los envolventes estelares. Describimos el panorama general del proyecto incluyendo aspectos astrofisicos, flsico-at6micos y computacionales. El volumen y calidad de los datos que se estan generando se puede apreciar en los resultados preliminares que se presentan. ABSTRACT The Opacity Project is an international effort dedicated to the calculation of the vast, accurate, atomic data required to estimate stellar envelope opacities. We give an overview of the project including astrophysical, atomic-physical and computational aspects. The volume and quality of the data which are being generated can be appreciated in the preliminary results that are presented. }% words: ATOMIC PROCESSES - OPACITIES - STARS-INThRIORS

Creating walking tracks to success: A narrative analysis of AustralianAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursing students’ stories ofsuccess.

PubMed

West, Roianne; Foster, Kim; Usher, Kim

2016-01-01

Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people have higher rates of morbidity and mortality thanother Australians. One proposed strategy to improve this situation is to increase the participation ofAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, including Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nurses, inthe health workforce. Although the numbers of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander students under-taking tertiary nursing courses have increased, completion rates have not kept pace. The study aimedto describe Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursing students’ experiences of enablers for successfulcourse completion and to develop a narrative of student experience. A qualitative study using a strengths-based approach with a narrative analysis of semi-structured interview data was conducted across fourschools of Nursing in Queensland, Australia. Eight final-year Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursingstudents volunteered to participate in the study. A collective story with the overarching plotline Creatingwalking tracks to success was developed. Six threads of experience emerged: Making a difference, Valu-ing Indigeneity, Healing strength of connections, Resisting racism, Embracing support, and perseveringtowards completion. Key success factors included resilient attributes, building supportive connectionsand having positive expectations of the future, along with sustained institutional support from Aboriginaland Torres Strait Islander nurse academics and clinicians. Development of tailored resilience-buildingtraining for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander nursing students and appointment of Aboriginal andTorres Strait Islander academics in Schools of Nursing that include such students may facilitate futuresuccessful completions in other programs.

Delineating the Structure of Normal and Abnormal Personality: An Integrative Hierarchical Approach

PubMed Central

Markon, Kristian E.; Krueger, Robert F.; Watson, David

2008-01-01

Increasing evidence indicates that normal and abnormal personality can be treated within a single structural framework. However, identification of a single integrated structure of normal and abnormal personality has remained elusive. Here, a constructive replication approach was used to delineate an integrative hierarchical account of the structure of normal and abnormal personality. This hierarchical structure, which integrates many Big Trait models proposed in the literature, replicated across a meta-analysis as well as an empirical study, and across samples of participants as well as measures. The proposed structure resembles previously suggested accounts of personality hierarchy and provides insight into the nature of personality hierarchy more generally. Potential directions for future research on personality and psychopathology are discussed. PMID:15631580

Delineating the structure of normal and abnormal personality: an integrative hierarchical approach.

PubMed

Markon, Kristian E; Krueger, Robert F; Watson, David

2005-01-01

Increasing evidence indicates that normal and abnormal personality can be treated within a single structural framework. However, identification of a single integrated structure of normal and abnormal personality has remained elusive. Here, a constructive replication approach was used to delineate an integrative hierarchical account of the structure of normal and abnormal personality. This hierarchical structure, which integrates many Big Trait models proposed in the literature, replicated across a meta-analysis as well as an empirical study, and across samples of participants as well as measures. The proposed structure resembles previously suggested accounts of personality hierarchy and provides insight into the nature of personality hierarchy more generally. Potential directions for future research on personality and psychopathology are discussed.

On Nonequivalence of Several Procedures of Structural Equation Modeling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuan, Ke-Hai; Chan, Wai

2005-01-01

The normal theory based maximum likelihood procedure is widely used in structural equation modeling. Three alternatives are: the normal theory based generalized least squares, the normal theory based iteratively reweighted least squares, and the asymptotically distribution-free procedure. When data are normally distributed and the model structure…

Interpretation of normal anatomic structures on chest radiography: Comparison of Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) 5501D with FCR 5000 and screen‐film system

PubMed Central

Nakashima, Kazuaki; Ashizawa, Kazuto; Ochi, Makoto; Hashmi, Rashid; Hayashi, Kuniaki; Gotoh, Shinichi; Honda, Sumihisa; Igarashi, Akito; Komaki, Takao

2003-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the usefulness of Fuji Computed Radiography (FCR) 5501D by comparing it with FCR 5000 and a screen‐film system (S/F). Posteroanterior chest radiographs often patients with no abnormality on chest CT scans were obtained with FCR 5501D, FCR 5000, and S/F. Six observers (three radiologists and three radio‐technologists) evaluated the visibility of nine normal anatomic structures (including lungs, soft tissue, and bones) and overall visibility on each image. Observers scored using a five‐point scale on each structure. FCR 5000 showed a significantly higher score in soft tissue and bone structures, and overall visibility compared with S/F, but, there was no significant difference between them in the visibility of all four normal lung structures. Compared with S/F, the score for FCR 5501D was higher in eight of the nine normal structures, including three of the four lung structures (unobscured lung, retrocardiac lung, and subdiaphragmatic lung), and overall visibility. Compared with FCR 5000, the score for FCR 5501D was higher in three normal structures, including two of the four lung structures (unobscured lung and subdiaphragmatic lung), and overall visibility. FCR 5501D was the best among the three techniques to visualize normal anatomic structures, particularly the obscured and unobscured lung. © 2003 American College of Medical Physics. PACS number(s): 87.57.–s, 87.62.+n PMID:12540822

Interferometric fiber-optic sensor embedded in a spark plug for in-cylinder pressure measurement in engines.

PubMed

Bae, Taehan; Atkins, Robert A; Taylor, Henry F; Gibler, William N

2003-02-20

Pressure sensing in an internal combustion engine with an intrinsic fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer (FFPI) integrated with a spark plug is demonstrated for the first time. The spark plug was used for the ignition of the cylinder in which it was mounted. The FFPI element, protected with a copper/gold coating, was embedded in a groove in the spark-plug housing. Gas pressure inthe engine induced longitudinal strain in this housing, which was also experienced by the fiber-optic sensing element. The sensor was monitored with a signal conditioning unit containing a chirped distributed-feedback laser. Pressure sensitivities as high as 0.00339 radians round-trip phase shift per pounds per square inch of pressure were observed. Measured pressure versus time traces showed good agreement with those from a piezoelectric reference sensor mounted in the same engine cylinder.

[Supporting the intermediate level of health care in urban health areas in Kinshasa (1995-2005), DR Congo].

PubMed

Mbeva, Jean-Bosco Kahindo; Schirvel, Carole; Karemere, Hermès; Porignon, Denis

2012-06-08

As a result of the decentralization of health systems, some countries have introduced intermediate (provincial) levels in their public health system. This paper presents the results of a case study conducted in Kinshasa on health system decentralization. The study identified a shift from a focus on regulation compliance assessment to an emphasis on health system coordination and health district support. It also highlighted the emergence of a?managerial (as opposed to a bureaucratic) approach to health district support. The performance of health districts in terms of health care coverage and health service use were also found to have improved. The results highlight the importance of intermediate levels in?the health care system and the value of a more organic and managerial rationality in supporting health districts faced with the complexity of urban environments and the integration of specialized multi-partner programs and interventions.

Adsorption of arsenic(III) into modified lamellar Na-magadiite in aqueous medium—Thermodynamic of adsorption process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guerra, Denis Lima; Pinto, Alane Azevedo; Airoldi, Claudio; Viana, Rúbia Ribeiro

2008-12-01

Synthetic Na-magadiite sample was used for organofunctionalization process with N-propyldiethylenetrimethoxysilane and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, after expanding the interlayer distance with polar organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The resulted materials were submitted to process of adsorption with arsenic solution at pH 2.0 and 298±1 K. The adsorption isotherms were adjusted using a modified Langmuir equation with regression nonlinear; the net thermal effects obtained from calorimetric titration measurements were adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation. The adsorption process was exothermic (Δ intH=-4.15-5.98 kJ mol -1) accompanied by increase in entropy (Δ intS=41.32-62.20 J k -1 mol -1) and Gibbs energy (Δ intG=-22.44-24.56 kJ mol -1). The favorable values corroborate with the arsenic (III)/basic reactive centers interaction at the solid-liquid interface in the spontaneous process.

Activation and synchronization of the oscillatory morphodynamics in multicellular monolayer

PubMed Central

Lin, Shao-Zhen; Li, Bo; Lan, Ganhui; Feng, Xi-Qiao

2017-01-01

Oscillatory morphodynamics provides necessary mechanical cues for many multicellular processes. Owing to their collective nature, these processes require robustly coordinated dynamics of individual cells, which are often separated too distantly to communicate with each other through biomaterial transportation. Although it is known that the mechanical balance generally plays a significant role in the systems’ morphologies, it remains elusive whether and how the mechanical components may contribute to the systems’ collective morphodynamics. Here, we study the collective oscillations in the Drosophila amnioserosa tissue to elucidate the regulatory roles of the mechanical components. We identify that the tensile stress is the key activator that switches the collective oscillations on and off. This regulatory role is shown analytically using the Hopf bifurcation theory. We find that the physical properties of the tissue boundary are directly responsible for synchronizing the oscillatory intensity and polarity of all inner cells and for orchestrating the spatial oscillation patterns inthe tissue. PMID:28716911

La Lune et sa rotation de l'Antiquité au XVIIe siècle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lerner, M.-P.; Débarbat, S.

2004-09-01

For some two millenia, in the West, an observed phenomenon asordinary as that of the Moon's face had major theoretical consequences.The fact that the Moon, as seen from the Earth, always has the sameappearence, hindered not only the possibility of imagining its rotationupon itself, but furnished one of the observational criteria on whichwas based the belief in the celestial spheres carrying the heavenlybodies. The dissolution of these spheres made of a fifth essence at the end of the XVIth century, and the advances in celestial cinematics inthe following century, were the conditions for the conceptualassimilation of the phenomenon of the Moon's rotation upon itself. Atthe end of the XVIIth century, Jean-Dominique Cassini (1625-1712) wasable to give the duration of the rotation of Mars and Jupiter. It wasin this context that he formulated three laws relating to the rotationof the Moon, laws which have since been given his name.

Precision Composite Space Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-15

large structures. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Composite materials, dimensional stability, microcracking, thermal expansion , space structures, degradation...Figure 32. Variation of normalized coefficients of thermal expansion α11(n), α22(n), and α33(n) with normalized crack density of an AS4/3501-6...coefficients of thermal expansion α11(n), α22(n), and α33(n) with normalized crack density of an AS4/3501-6 composite lamina with a fiber volume

Structural characterization of synthetic and protein-bound porphyrins in terms of the lowest-frequency normal coordinates of the macrocycle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jentzen, W.; Song, X.Z.; Shelnutt, J.A.

1997-02-27

The X-ray crystal structures of synthetic and protein-bound metalloporphyrins are analyzed using a new normal structural decomposition method for classifying and quantifying their out-of-plane and in-plane distortions. These distortions are characterized in terms of equivalent displacements along the normal coordinates of the D{sub 4h}-symmetric porphyrin macrocycle (normal deformations). It is shown that the macrocyclic structure is, even in highly distorted porphyrins, accurately represented by displacements along only the lowest-frequency normal coordinates. Accordingly, the macrocyclic structure obtained from just the out-of-plane normal deformations of the saddling (sad, B{sub 2u})-, ruffling (ruf, B{sub 1u})-, doming (dom, A{sub 2u})-, waving [wav(x), wav(y); E{submore » g}]-, and propellering (pro, A{sub 1u})-type essentially simulates the out-of-plane distortion of the X-ray crystal structure. Similarly, the observed in-plane distortions are decomposed into in-plane normal deformations corresponding to the lowest-frequency vibrational modes including macrocycle stretching in the direction of the meso-carbon atoms (meso-str, B{sub 2g}), stretching in the direction of the nitrogen atoms (N-str, B{sub 1g}), x and y pyrrole translations [trn(x), trn(y); E{sub u}], macrocycle breathing (bre, A{sub 1g}), and pyrrole rotation (rot, A{sub 2g}). 71 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.« less

Normal central retinal function and structure preserved in retinitis pigmentosa.

PubMed

Jacobson, Samuel G; Roman, Alejandro J; Aleman, Tomas S; Sumaroka, Alexander; Herrera, Waldo; Windsor, Elizabeth A M; Atkinson, Lori A; Schwartz, Sharon B; Steinberg, Janet D; Cideciyan, Artur V

2010-02-01

To determine whether normal function and structure, as recently found in forms of Usher syndrome, also occur in a population of patients with nonsyndromic retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Patients with simplex, multiplex, or autosomal recessive RP (n = 238; ages 9-82 years) were studied with static chromatic perimetry. A subset was evaluated with optical coherence tomography (OCT). Co-localized visual sensitivity and photoreceptor nuclear layer thickness were measured across the central retina to establish the relationship of function and structure. Comparisons were made to patients with Usher syndrome (n = 83, ages 10-69 years). Cross-sectional psychophysical data identified patients with RP who had normal rod- and cone-mediated function in the central retina. There were two other patterns with greater dysfunction, and longitudinal data confirmed that progression can occur from normal rod and cone function to cone-only central islands. The retinal extent of normal laminar architecture by OCT corresponded to the extent of normal visual function in patients with RP. Central retinal preservation of normal function and structure did not show a relationship with age or retained peripheral function. Usher syndrome results were like those in nonsyndromic RP. Regional disease variation is a well-known finding in RP. Unexpected was the observation that patients with presumed recessive RP can have regions with functionally and structurally normal retina. Such patients will require special consideration in future clinical trials of either focal or systemic treatment. Whether there is a common molecular mechanism shared by forms of RP with normal regions of retina warrants further study.

Comparison of waxy and normal potato starch remaining granules after chemical surface gelatinization: pasting behavior and surface morphology.

PubMed

Huang, Junrong; Chen, Zhenghong; Xu, Yalun; Li, Hongliang; Liu, Shuxing; Yang, Daqing; Schols, Henk A

2014-02-15

To understand the contribution of granule inner portion to the pasting property of starch, waxy potato starch and two normal potato starches and their acetylated starch samples were subjected to chemical surface gelatinization by 3.8 mol/L CaCl2 to obtain remaining granules. Native and acetylated, original and remaining granules of waxy potato starch had similar rapid visco analyzer (RVA) pasting profiles, while those of two normal potato starches behaved obviously different from each other. All remaining granules had lower peak viscosity than the corresponding original granules. Contribution of waxy potato starch granule's inner portion to the peak viscosity was significant more than those of normal potato starches. The shell structure appearing on the remaining granule surface for waxy potato starch was smoother and thinner than that for normal potato starches as observed by scanning electron microscopy, indicating a more regular structure of shell and a more ordered packing of shell for waxy potato starch granules. The blocklet size of waxy potato starch was smaller and more uniform than those of normal potato starches as shown by atomic force microscopy images of original and remaining granules. In general, our results provided the evidence for the spatial structure diversity between waxy and normal potato starch granules: outer layer and inner portion of waxy potato starch granule had similar structure, while outer layer had notably different structure from inner portion for normal potato starch granule. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The effect of pi-stacking, h-bonding, and electrostatic interactions on the ionization energies of nucleic acid bases: adenine-adenine, thymine-thymine and adenine-thymine dimers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bravaya, Ksenia B.; Kostko, Oleg; Ahmed, Musahid

A combined theoretical and experimental study of the ionized dimers of thymine and adenine, TT, AA, and AT, is presented. Adiabatic and vertical ionization energies(IEs) for monomers and dimers as well as thresholds for the appearance of the protonated species are reported and analyzed. Non-covalent interactions stronglyaffect the observed IEs. The magnitude and the nature of the effect is different for different isomers of the dimers. The computations reveal that for TT, the largestchanges in vertical IEs (0.4 eV) occur in asymmetric h-bonded and symmetric pi- stacked isomers, whereas in the lowest-energy symmetric h-bonded dimer the shiftin IEs is muchmore » smaller (0.1 eV). The origin of the shift and the character of the ionized states is different in asymmetric h-bonded and symmetric stacked isomers. Inthe former, the initial hole is localized on one of the fragments, and the shift is due to the electrostatic stabilization of the positive charge of the ionized fragment by thedipole moment of the neutral fragment. In the latter, the hole is delocalized, and the change in IE is proportional to the overlap of the fragments' MOs. The shifts in AAare much smaller due to a less effcient overlap and a smaller dipole moment. The ionization of the h-bonded dimers results in barrierless (or nearly barrierless) protontransfer, whereas the pi-stacked dimers relax to structures with the hole stabilized by the delocalization or electrostatic interactions.« less

Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry. Part 1: normal structure and physiology.

PubMed

Mjör, I A; Sveen, O B; Heyeraas, K J

2001-06-01

Considerable knowledge has accumulated over the years on the structure and function of the dental pulp and dentin. Some of this knowledge has important clinical implications. This review, which is the first of seven articles, will be limited to those parts of the normal structure and physiology of the pulp and dentin that have been shown to result in, or are likely lead to, tissue reactions associated with the clinical treatment of these tissues. Although certain normal structures will be highlighted in some detail, a basic knowledge of pulpal and dentinal development and structure is a prerequisite for an understanding of this text.

Elevated intrabolus pressure identifies obstructive processes when integrated relaxation pressure is normal on esophageal high-resolution manometry.

PubMed

Quader, Farhan; Reddy, Chanakyaram; Patel, Amit; Gyawali, C Prakash

2017-07-01

Elevated integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) on esophageal high-resolution manometry (HRM) identifies obstructive processes at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). Our aim was to determine whether intrabolus pressure (IBP) can identify structural EGJ processes when IRP is normal. In this observational cohort study, adult patients with dysphagia and undergoing HRM were evaluated for endoscopic evidence of structural EGJ processes (strictures, rings, hiatus hernia) in the setting of normal IRP. HRM metrics [IRP, distal contractile integral (DCI), distal latency (DL), IBP, and EGJ contractile integral (EGJ-CI)] were compared among 74 patients with structural EGJ findings (62.8 ± 1.6 yr, 67.6% women), 27 patients with normal EGD (52.9 ± 3.2 yr, 70.3% women), and 21 healthy controls (27.6 ± 0.6 yr, 52.4% women). Findings were validated in 85 consecutive symptomatic patients to address clinical utility. In the primary cohort, mean IBP (18.4 ± 0.9 mmHg) was higher with structural EGJ findings compared with dysphagia with normal EGD (13.5 ± 1.1 mmHg, P = 0.002) and healthy controls (10.9 ± 0.9 mmHg, P < 0.001). However, mean IRP, DCI, DL, and EGJ-CI were similar across groups ( P > 0.05 for each comparison). During multiple rapid swallows, IBP remained higher in the structural findings group compared with controls ( P = 0.02). Similar analysis of the prospective validation cohort confirmed IBP elevation in structural EGJ processes, but correlation with dysphagia could not be demonstrated. We conclude that elevated IBP predicts the presence of structural EGJ processes even when IRP is normal, but correlation with dysphagia is suboptimal. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Integrated relaxation pressure (IRP) above the upper limit of normal defines esophageal outflow obstruction using high-resolution manometry. In patients with normal IRP, elevated intrabolus pressure (IBP) can be a surrogate marker for a structural restrictive or obstructive process at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). This has the potential to augment the clinical value of esophageal HRM by raising suspicion for a structural EGJ process when IBP is elevated.

Normal Science Education and its Dangers: The Case of School Chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Van Berkel, Berry; De Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.; Pilot, Albert

We started the Conceptual Structure of School Chemistry research project, a part of which is reported on here, with an attempt to solve the problem of the hidden structure in school chemistry. In order to solve that problem, and informed by previous research, we performed a content analysis of school chemistry textbooks and syllabi. This led us to the hypothesis that school chemistry curricula are based on an underlying, coherent structure of chemical concepts that students are supposed to learn for the purpose of explaining and predicting chemical phenomena. The elicited comments and criticisms of an International Forum of twenty-eight researchers of chemical education, though, refuted the central claims of this hypothesis. This led to a descriptive theory of the currently dominant school chemistry curriculum in terms of a rigid combination of a specific substantive structure, based on corpuscular theory, a specific philosophical structure, educational positivism, and a specific pedagogical structure, involving initiatory and preparatory training of future chemists. Secondly, it led to an explanatory theory of the structure of school chemistry - based on Kuhn's theory of normal science and scientific training - in which dominant school chemistry is interpreted as a form of normal science education. Since the former has almost all characteristics in common with the latter, dominant school chemistry must be regarded as normal chemistry education. Forum members also formulated a number of normative criticisms on dominant school chemistry, which we interpret as specific dangers of normal chemistry education, complementing Popper's discussion of the general dangers of normal science and its teaching. On the basis of these criticisms, it is argued that normal chemistry education is isolated from common sense, everyday life and society, history and philosophy of science, technology, school physics, and from chemical research.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Manikandan, M.; Santhosh, M.; Rajeswarapalanichamy, R., E-mail: rrpalanichamy@gmail.com

Ab initio calculations are performed to investigate the structural stability, electronic structure and mechanical properties of actinide carbides AnC (An=U, Np) for three different crystal structures, namely NaCl, CsCl and ZnS. Among the considered structures, NaCl structure is found to be the most stable structure for these carbides at normal pressure. A pressure induced structural phase transition from NaCl to ZnS is observed. The electronic structure reveals that these carbides are metals. The calculated elastic constants indicate that these carbides are mechanically stable at normal pressure.

Teaching Normal Birth, Normally

PubMed Central

Hotelling, Barbara A

2009-01-01

Teaching normal-birth Lamaze classes normally involves considering the qualities that make birth normal and structuring classes to embrace those qualities. In this column, teaching strategies are suggested for classes that unfold naturally, free from unnecessary interventions. PMID:19436595

Normal mode-guided transition pathway generation in proteins

PubMed Central

Lee, Byung Ho; Seo, Sangjae; Kim, Min Hyeok; Kim, Youngjin; Jo, Soojin; Choi, Moon-ki; Lee, Hoomin; Choi, Jae Boong

2017-01-01

The biological function of proteins is closely related to its structural motion. For instance, structurally misfolded proteins do not function properly. Although we are able to experimentally obtain structural information on proteins, it is still challenging to capture their dynamics, such as transition processes. Therefore, we need a simulation method to predict the transition pathways of a protein in order to understand and study large functional deformations. Here, we present a new simulation method called normal mode-guided elastic network interpolation (NGENI) that performs normal modes analysis iteratively to predict transition pathways of proteins. To be more specific, NGENI obtains displacement vectors that determine intermediate structures by interpolating the distance between two end-point conformations, similar to a morphing method called elastic network interpolation. However, the displacement vector is regarded as a linear combination of the normal mode vectors of each intermediate structure, in order to enhance the physical sense of the proposed pathways. As a result, we can generate more reasonable transition pathways geometrically and thermodynamically. By using not only all normal modes, but also in part using only the lowest normal modes, NGENI can still generate reasonable pathways for large deformations in proteins. This study shows that global protein transitions are dominated by collective motion, which means that a few lowest normal modes play an important role in this process. NGENI has considerable merit in terms of computational cost because it is possible to generate transition pathways by partial degrees of freedom, while conventional methods are not capable of this. PMID:29020017

Impact of age and sex on normal left heart structure and function.

PubMed

Hagström, Linn; Henein, Michael Y; Karp, Kjell; Waldenström, Anders; Lindqvist, Per

2017-11-01

Accurate age- and sex-related normal reference values of ventricular structure and function are important to determine the level of dysfunction in patients. The aim of this study therefore was to document normal age range sex-related measurements of LV structural and functional measurements to serve such purpose. We evaluated left ventricular structure and function in 293 healthy subjects between 20 and 90 years with equally distributed gender. Doppler echocardiography was used including measure of both systolic and diastolic functions. Due to systolic LV function, only long axis function correlated with age (r = 0·55, P<0·01) and the correlation was stronger in females. Concerning diastolic function, there was a strong age correlation in all parameters used (r = 0·40-0·74, P<0·001). Due to LV structural changes over age, females showed a larger reduction in end-diastolic volumes, but no or trivial difference in wall thickness after the age of 60 years. Age is associated with significant normal changes in left ventricular structure and function, which should be considered when deciding on normality. These changes are related to systemic arterial changes as well as body stature, thus reflecting overall body ageing process. Furthermore, normal cardiac ageing in females might partly explain the higher prevalence of heart failure with preserved ejection in females. © 2016 Scandinavian Society of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Neocortical malformation as consequence of nonadaptive regulation of neuronogenetic sequence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caviness, V. S. Jr; Takahashi, T.; Nowakowski, R. S.

2000-01-01

Variations in the structure of the neocortex induced by single gene mutations may be extreme or subtle. They differ from variations in neocortical structure encountered across and within species in that these "normal" structural variations are adaptive (both structurally and behaviorally), whereas those associated with disorders of development are not. Here we propose that they also differ in principle in that they represent disruptions of molecular mechanisms that are not normally regulatory to variations in the histogenetic sequence. We propose an algorithm for the operation of the neuronogenetic sequence in relation to the overall neocortical histogenetic sequence and highlight the restriction point of the G1 phase of the cell cycle as the master regulatory control point for normal coordinate structural variation across species and importantly within species. From considerations based on the anatomic evidence from neocortical malformation in humans, we illustrate in principle how this overall sequence appears to be disrupted by molecular biological linkages operating principally outside the control mechanisms responsible for the normal structural variation of the neocortex. MRDD Research Reviews 6:22-33, 2000. Copyright 2000 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Reconstruction of instantaneous surface normal velocity of a vibrating structure using interpolated time-domain equivalent source method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Geng, Lin; Bi, Chuan-Xing; Xie, Feng; Zhang, Xiao-Zheng

2018-07-01

Interpolated time-domain equivalent source method is extended to reconstruct the instantaneous surface normal velocity of a vibrating structure by using the time-evolving particle velocity as the input, which provides a non-contact way to overall understand the instantaneous vibration behavior of the structure. In this method, the time-evolving particle velocity in the near field is first modeled by a set of equivalent sources positioned inside the vibrating structure, and then the integrals of equivalent source strengths are solved by an iterative solving process and are further used to calculate the instantaneous surface normal velocity. An experiment of a semi-cylindrical steel plate impacted by a steel ball is investigated to examine the ability of the extended method, where the time-evolving normal particle velocity and pressure on the hologram surface measured by a Microflown pressure-velocity probe are used as the inputs of the extended method and the method based on pressure measurements, respectively, and the instantaneous surface normal velocity of the plate measured by a laser Doppler vibrometry is used as the reference for comparison. The experimental results demonstrate that the extended method is a powerful tool to visualize the instantaneous surface normal velocity of a vibrating structure in both time and space domains and can obtain more accurate results than that of the method based on pressure measurements.

Structural and functional perspectives on classification and seriation in psychotic and normal children.

PubMed

Breslow, L; Cowan, P A

1984-02-01

This study describes a strategy for examining cognitive functioning in psychotic and normal children without the usual confounding effects of marked differences in cognitive structure that occur when children of the same age are compared. Participants were 14 psychotic children, 12 males and 2 females, mean age 9-2, matched with normal children at preoperational and concrete operational stage levels on a set of Piagetian classification tasks. The mean age of the normal children was 6-4, replicating the usually found developmental delay in psychotic samples. Participants were then compared on both structural level and functional abilities on a set of tasks involving seriation of sticks; the higher-level children were also administered a seriation drawing task. Analysis of children's processes of seriating and seriation drawings indicated that over and above the structural retardation, psychotic children at all levels showed functional deficits, especially in the use of anticipatory imagery. The implications for general developmental theory are that progress in structural development is not sufficient for imaginal development, and that structural development of logical concepts is relatively independent of the development of imagery. It was suggested that "thought disorder" may not be a disordered structure of thinking or a retardation in psychotic populations but rather a mismatch between higher-level logical structures and lower-level functions.

Sub-cellular force microscopy in single normal and cancer cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Babahosseini, H.; Carmichael, B.; Strobl, J.S.

2015-08-07

This work investigates the biomechanical properties of sub-cellular structures of breast cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cells are modeled as a triple-layered structure where the Generalized Maxwell model is applied to experimental data from AFM stress-relaxation tests to extract the elastic modulus, the apparent viscosity, and the relaxation time of sub-cellular structures. The triple-layered modeling results allow for determination and comparison of the biomechanical properties of the three major sub-cellular structures between normal and cancerous cells: the up plasma membrane/actin cortex, the mid cytoplasm/nucleus, and the low nuclear/integrin sub-domains. The results reveal that the sub-domains become stiffer andmore » significantly more viscous with depth, regardless of cell type. In addition, there is a decreasing trend in the average elastic modulus and apparent viscosity of the all corresponding sub-cellular structures from normal to cancerous cells, which becomes most remarkable in the deeper sub-domain. The presented modeling in this work constitutes a unique AFM-based experimental framework to study the biomechanics of sub-cellular structures. - Highlights: • The cells are modeled as a triple-layered structure using Generalized Maxwell model. • The sub-domains include membrane/cortex, cytoplasm/nucleus, and nuclear/integrin. • Biomechanics of corresponding sub-domains are compared among normal and cancer cells. • Viscoelasticity of sub-domains show a decreasing trend from normal to cancer cells. • The decreasing trend becomes most significant in the deeper sub-domain.« less

Antioxidant and Anticholinesterase Activities of Essential Oils of Cinnamomum griffithii and C. macrocarpum.

PubMed

Salleh, Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi; Ahmad, Farediah; Yen, Khong Heng

2015-08-01

The essential oils of Cinnamomum griffithii and C. macrocarpum were analyzed by GC and GC-MS and evaluated for their antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities. The essential oils of leaf and bark of C. grffithii were characterized by the presence of 30 components, with methyl eugenol (38.5-43.8%) as the major component. A total of 11 components were characterized in.the leaf and bark of C. macrocarpum essential oil with the most abundant component was safrole (54.5-59.5%). The bark oil of C. griffithii demonstrated significant activity on DPPH (IC50 73.4 microg/mL) and a high phenolic content (192.0%), while the leaf oil inhibited oxidation of β-carotene/linoleic acid with an inhibition value of 65.5 μg/mL. Acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase inhibition were assessed and the results showed that C. macrocarpun bark oil exhibited significant activity with inhibition values of 55.8% and 66.1%, respectively at a concentration of 1 mg/mL.

Temporal and Cross Correlations in Business News

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mizuno, T.; Takei, K.; Ohnishi, T.; Watanabe, T.

We empirically investigate temporal and cross correlations inthe frequency of news reports on companies, using a dataset of more than 100 million news articles reported in English by around 500 press agencies worldwide for the period 2003--2009. Our first finding is that the frequency of news reports on a company does not follow a Poisson process, but instead exhibits long memory with a positive autocorrelation for longer than one year. The second finding is that there exist significant correlations in the frequency of news across companies. Specifically, on a daily time scale or longer the frequency of news is governed by external dynamics, while on a time scale of minutes it is governed by internal dynamics. These two findings indicate that the frequency of news reports on companies has statistical properties similar to trading volume or price volatility in stock markets, suggesting that the flow of information through company news plays an important role in price dynamics in stock markets.

Orientation Tuning in the Visual Cortex of 3-Month-old Human Infants

PubMed Central

Baker, Thomas J.; Norcia, Anthony M.; Candy, T. Rowan

2016-01-01

Sensitivity to orientation is critical for making a whole and complete picture of the world. We measured the orientation tuning of mechanisms inthe visual cortex of typically developing 3-month-olds and adults using a nonlinear analysis of the two-input steady-state visually evoked potential (VEP). Two gratings, one a fixed test and the other a variable orientation masker were tagged with distinct temporal frequencies and the corresponding evoked responses were measured at the harmonics of the test and masker frequencies and at a frequency equal to the sum of the two stimulus frequencies. The magnitude of the sum frequency component depended strongly on the relative orientation of the test and masker in both infants and adults. The VEP tuning bandwidths of the 3-month-olds measured at the sum frequency were similar to those of adults, suggesting that behavioral immaturities in functions such as orientation discrimination and contour integration may result from other immaturities in long-range lateral projections or feedback mechanisms. PMID:21236289

Evaluating Models Of The Neutral, Barotropic Planetary Boundary Layer Using Integral Measures: Part Ii. Modelling Observed Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hess, G. D.; Garratt, J. R.

The steady-state, horizontally homogeneous, neutral, barotropiccase forms the foundation of our theoretical understanding of the planetary boundary layer (PBL).While simple analytical models and first-order closure models simulate atmospheric observationsof this case well, more sophisticated models, in general, do not. In this paperwe examine how well three higher-order closure models, E - - l, E - l, and LRR - l,which have been especially modified for PBL applications, perform in predicting the behaviour of thecross-isobaric angle 0, the geostrophic drag coefficient Cg, and the integral of the dissipationrate over the boundary layer, as a function of the surface Rossby number Ro. For comparison we alsoexamine the performance of three first-order closure mixing-length models, two proposed byA. K. Blackadar and one by H. H. Lettau, and the performance of the standard model forsecond-order closure and a modification of it designed to reduce the overprediction of turbulence inthe upper part of the boundary layer.

The Effect of Corporate Influence in the Short Haul Business Travel Market

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mason, Keith J.

1999-01-01

The importance of corporate involvement in the decision making process for business related air travel is being increasingly recognised in the literature. Business travellers consume air services (i.e. they take airline flights), however; they may not be the principal decision-maker in the purchase. Also it is the organization that employs the traveller that incurs die cost for air travel. Consequently this research addresses the relationship between the traveller and the employing organisation in the purchase of air travel. In this paper traveller opinions on their corporate travel policy are evaluated using a Likert summated rating scale. The benefits sought, by the traveller, from the air service are also investigated and these benefits are used to segment the short haul business air travel market in the EU. Changes in the market for short haul business travel since the full liberalisation of the aviation market in-the EU are evaluated by comparing the data to an earlier study of similar travellers in 1992.

Complex fold and thrust belt structural styles: Examples from the Greater Juha area of the Papuan Fold and Thrust Belt, Papua New Guinea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahoney, Luke; Hill, Kevin; McLaren, Sandra; Hanani, Amanda

2017-07-01

The remote and inhospitable Papuan Fold Belt in Papua New Guinea is one of the youngest yet least well-documented fold and thrust belts on Earth. Within the frontal Greater Juha area we have carried out >100 km of geological traverses and associated analyses that have added significantly to the contemporary geological and geophysical dataset. Our structural analysis provides evidence of major inversion, detachment and triangle zone faults within the uplifted Eastern Muller Ranges. We have used the dataset to develop a quasi-3D model for the Greater Juha area, with associated cross-sections revealing that the exposed Cenozoic Darai Limestone is well-constrained with very low shortening of 12.6-21.4% yet structures are elevated up to 7 km above regional. We suggest the inversion of pre-existing rift architecture is the primary influence on the evolution of the area and that structures link to the surface via triangle zones and detachment faults within the incompetent Mesozoic passive-margin sedimentary sequence underlying competent Darai Limestone. Arc-normal oriented structures, dominantly oblique dextral, up-to-the-southeast, are pervasive across a range of scales and are here interpreted to relate at depth to weakened pre-existing basement cross-structures. It is proposed that Palaeozoic basement fabric controlled the structural framework of the basin during Early Mesozoic rifting forming regional-scale accommodation zones and related local-scale transfer structures that are now expressed as regional-scale arc-normal lineaments and local-scale arc-normal structures, respectively. Transfer structures, including complexly breached relay ramps, utilise northeast-southwest striking weaknesses associated with the basement fabric, as a mechanism for accommodating displacement along major northwest-southeast striking normal faults. These structures have subsequently been inverted to form arc-normal oriented zones of tear faulting that accommodate laterally variable displacement along inversion faults and connected thrust structures.

Supra-salt normal fault growth during the rise and fall of a diapir: Perspectives from 3D seismic reflection data, Norwegian North Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tvedt, Anette B. M.; Rotevatn, Atle; Jackson, Christopher A.-L.

2016-10-01

Normal faulting and the deep subsurface flow of salt are key processes controlling the structural development of many salt-bearing sedimentary basins. However, our detailed understanding of the spatial and temporal relationship between normal faulting and salt movement is poor due to a lack of natural examples constraining their geometric and kinematic relationship in three-dimensions. To improve our understanding of these processes, we here use 3D seismic reflection and borehole data from the Egersund Basin, offshore Norway, to determine the structure and growth of a normal fault array formed during the birth, growth and decay of an array of salt structures. We show that the fault array and salt structures developed in response to: (i) Late Triassic-to-Middle Jurassic extension, which involved thick-skinned, sub-salt and thin-skinned supra-salt faulting with the latter driving reactive diapirism; (ii) Early Cretaceous extensional collapse of the walls; and (iii) Jurassic-to-Neogene, active and passive diapirism, which was at least partly coeval with and occurred along-strike from areas of reactive diapirism and wall collapse. Our study supports physical model predictions, showcasing a three-dimensional example of how protracted, multiphase salt diapirism can influence the structure and growth of normal fault arrays.

Strongly Modulated Friction of a Film-Terminated Ridge-Channel Structure.

PubMed

He, Zhenping; Hui, Chung-Yuen; Levrard, Benjamin; Bai, Ying; Jagota, Anand

2016-05-26

Natural contacting surfaces have remarkable surface mechanical properties, which has led to the development of bioinspired surface structures using rubbery materials with strongly enhanced adhesion and static friction. However, sliding friction of structured rubbery surfaces is almost always significantly lower than that of a flat control, often due to significant loss of contact. Here we show that a film-terminated ridge-channel structure can strongly enhance sliding friction. We show that with properly chosen materials and geometrical parameters the near surface structure undergoes mechanical instabilities along with complex folding and sliding of internal interfaces, which is responsible for the enhancement of sliding friction. Because this structure shows no enhancement of adhesion under normal indentation by a sphere, it breaks the connection between energy loss during normal and shear loading. This makes it potentially interesting in many applications, for instance in tires, where one wishes to minimize rolling resistance (normal loading) while maximizing sliding friction (shear loading).

OS033. Correlates of maternal health outcomes associated with a low-costintervention in secondary facilities across Kano state, Nigeria.

PubMed

Tukur, J; Ahonsi, B; Salisu, I; Oginni, A B; Okereke, E

2012-07-01

Nigeria has one of the highest rates of maternal mortality in the world. Eclampsia is a major contributor to the deaths especially in Northern Nigeria where the culture of teenage marriage is common. Kano is the state with the highest population in Nigeria. Despite its effectiveness, magnesium sulphate was been used to treat eclampsia and severe preclampsia in only one of 35 general hospitals inthe state as at 2007. In 2008, magnesium sulphate was introduced in 10 General Hospitals in Kano state of Northern Nigeria in a Population Council project funded by the MacArthur Foundation. The aim of the study was to determine if the maternal outcomes improved. Doctors and midwives from the 10 hospitals were trained on the use of magnesium sulphate. The trained health workers later conducted step down trainings at their health facilities. Magnesium sulphate, treatment protocol, patella hammer and calcium gluconate were then supplied to the hospitals. Data was collected through structured data forms. The data was analysed using SPSS. Within a year of the project, 1045 patients with severe preeclampsia and eclampsia were treated. The case fatality rate for severe preeclampsia and eclampsia fell from 20.9% (95% CI 18.7-23.2) recorded before the project to 2.3% (95%CI 1.5-3.5) after the project. The perinatal mortality rate in those that received magnesium sulphate was 12.3% (CI 10.4-14.5) while the 5min APGAR score for 72.9% of the babies was 7 or more. Training of health workers on updated evidence based interventions and providing an enabling environment for their practice are key components to the attainment of the Millennium Development Goals in developing countries. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Intrabasement structures as structural templates for rifts: Insights from the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collanega, L.; Jackson, C. A. L.; Bell, R. E.; Lenhart, A.; Coleman, A. J.; Breda, A.; Massironi, M.

2017-12-01

Intrabasement structures are often envisaged to have acted as structural templates for normal fault growth in the overlying sedimentary cover during rifting (e.g. East African Rift; NE Brazilian Margin; Norwegian North Sea). However, in some settings, the geometry of rift-related faults is apparently unaffected by pre-existing basement fabric (Måløy Slope and Lofoten Ridge, offshore Norway). Understanding the nucleation and propagation of normal faults in the presence of basement structures may elucidate how and under what conditions basement fabric can exert an influence on rifting. Here, we investigate the 3D geometry of a series of normal faults and intrabasement structures from the Taranaki Basin, offshore New Zealand to understand how normal faults grow in the presence of basement heterogeneities. The Taranaki Basin is an ideal setting because the basement structures, related to the Mesozoic compressional tectonics, are shallow and well-imaged on 3D seismic reflection data, and the relatively thin and stratigraphically simple sedimentary cover is only affected by mild Pliocene extension. Our kinematic analysis highlights two classes of normal faults affecting different vertical intervals of the sedimentary cover. Deep faults, just above the basement, strike NW-SE to NE-SW, reflecting the trend of underlying intrabasement structures. In contrast, shallow faults strike according to the NE-SW to NNE-SSW Pliocene trend and are not generally affected by intrabasement structures at distances >500 m above the basement. Deep and shallow faults are only linked when they strike similarly, and are located above strong intrabasement reflections. We infer that cover deformation is significantly influenced by intrabasement structures within the 500 m interval above the crystalline basement, whereas shallower faults are optimally aligned to the Pliocene regional stress field. Since we do not observe an extensional reactivation of intrabasement structures during Pliocene rifting, we suspect that the key factor controlling cover fault nucleation and growth are local stress perturbations due to intrabasement structures. We conclude that intrabasement structures may provide a structural template for subsequent rift episodes, but only when these structures are proximal to newly forming faults.

Efficacy of computerized discrimination between structure-related and non-structure-related echoes in ultrasonographic images for the quantitative evaluation of the structural integrity of superficial digital flexor tendons in horses.

PubMed

van Schie, H T; Bakker, E M; Jonker, A M; van Weeren, P R

2001-07-01

To evaluate effectiveness of computerized discrimination between structure-related and non-structure-related echoes in ultrasonographic images for quantitative evaluation of tendon structural integrity in horses. 4 superficial digital flexor tendons (2 damaged tendons, 2 normal tendons). Transverse ultrasonographic images that precisely matched histologic sections were obtained in fixed steps along the long axis of each tendon. Distribution, intensity, and delineation of structure-related echoes, quantitatively expressed as the correlation ratio and steadiness ratio , were compared with histologic findings in tissue that was normal or had necrosis, early granulation, late granulation, early fibrosis, or inferior repair. In normal tendon, the even distribution of structure-related echoes with high intensity and sharp delineation yielded high correlation ratio and steadiness ratio. In areas of necrosis, collapsed endotendon septa yielded solid but blurred structure-related echoes (high correlation ration and low steadiness ratio). In early granulation tissue, complete lack of organization caused zero values for both ratios. In late granulation tissue, reorganization and swollen endotendon septa yielded poorly delineated structure-related echoes (high correlation ratio, low steadiness ratio). In early fibrosis, rearrangement of bundles resulted in normal correlation ration and slightly low steadiness ratio. In inferior repair, the almost complete lack of structural reorganization resulted in heterogeneous poorly delineated low-intensity echoes (low correlation ratio and steadiness ratio). The combination of correlation ratio and steadiness ratio accurately reflects histopathologic findings, making computerized correlation of ultrasonographic images an efficient tool for quantitative evaluation of tendon structural integrity.

A Statistical Selection Strategy for Normalization Procedures in LC-MS Proteomics Experiments through Dataset Dependent Ranking of Normalization Scaling Factors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Webb-Robertson, Bobbie-Jo M.; Matzke, Melissa M.; Jacobs, Jon M.

2011-12-01

Quantification of LC-MS peak intensities assigned during peptide identification in a typical comparative proteomics experiment will deviate from run-to-run of the instrument due to both technical and biological variation. Thus, normalization of peak intensities across a LC-MS proteomics dataset is a fundamental step in pre-processing. However, the downstream analysis of LC-MS proteomics data can be dramatically affected by the normalization method selected . Current normalization procedures for LC-MS proteomics data are presented in the context of normalization values derived from subsets of the full collection of identified peptides. The distribution of these normalization values is unknown a priori. If theymore » are not independent from the biological factors associated with the experiment the normalization process can introduce bias into the data, which will affect downstream statistical biomarker discovery. We present a novel approach to evaluate normalization strategies, where a normalization strategy includes the peptide selection component associated with the derivation of normalization values. Our approach evaluates the effect of normalization on the between-group variance structure in order to identify candidate normalization strategies that improve the structure of the data without introducing bias into the normalized peak intensities.« less

Prenatal diagnosis of left isomerism with normal heart: a case report

PubMed Central

De Paola, Nico; Ermito, Santina; Nahom, Antonella; Dinatale, Angela; Pappalardo, Elisa Maria; Carrara, Sabina; Cavaliere, Alessandro; Brizzi, Cristiana

2009-01-01

Objective: Left isomerism, also called polysplenia, is a laterality disturbance associated with with paired leftsidedness viscera and multiple small spleens. Left isomerism, heart congenital abnormalities and gastrointestinal malformation are strongly associated. Methods: We present a case of prenatal diagnosis of left isomerism in a fetus with a structurally normal heart. Conclusion: Left isomerism syndrone may coesist with a structurally normal heart. If prenatal left isomerism is suspected, even in presence of a normal heart, is mandatory to esclude sign of gastrointestinal abnormalities, as late poly hy dramnios, and cardiac rhytm disturbance during the pregnancy and neonatal age. PMID:22439041

On the Feedback Phenomenon of an Impinging Jet

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

the double-structured nature of turbulent flows: time dependent quasi- ordered large scale structures, and fine-scale random structures. Numerous ...downstream and upstream waves d Nozzle diameter f Frequency (Hz) Gf Normalized power si.c ,ur’ of i G ,(f) Normalized cr,- tr bee -en i(t) and J(t) I ,j xiv...1975) suggested that these quasi- ordered structures are deterministic, in the sense that they have a characteristic shape, size and convection motion

Ice Action on Pairs of Cylindrical and Conical Structures,

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

correlation because the forces generated ficult to pick a distinct peak in the autospectra for between the structure and the ice sheet are af- the...against two conical structures ...... 20 24. Normalized maximum ice force versus ice velocity ................. 20 25. Normalized initial peak force...versus ice velocity .................. 21 26. Ratio of initial peak ice force to theoretical ice force versus ratio of center-to-center distance

Cortical Thinning in Network-Associated Regions in Cognitively Normal and Below-Normal Range Schizophrenia

PubMed Central

Pinnock, Farena; Parlar, Melissa; Hawco, Colin; Hanford, Lindsay; Hall, Geoffrey B.

2017-01-01

This study assessed whether cortical thickness across the brain and regionally in terms of the default mode, salience, and central executive networks differentiates schizophrenia patients and healthy controls with normal range or below-normal range cognitive performance. Cognitive normality was defined using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) composite score (T = 50 ± 10) and structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to generate cortical thickness data. Whole brain analysis revealed that cognitively normal range controls (n = 39) had greater cortical thickness than both cognitively normal (n = 17) and below-normal range (n = 49) patients. Cognitively normal controls also demonstrated greater thickness than patients in regions associated with the default mode and salience, but not central executive networks. No differences on any thickness measure were found between cognitively normal range and below-normal range controls (n = 24) or between cognitively normal and below-normal range patients. In addition, structural covariance between network regions was high and similar across subgroups. Positive and negative symptom severity did not correlate with thickness values. Cortical thinning across the brain and regionally in relation to the default and salience networks may index shared aspects of the psychotic psychopathology that defines schizophrenia with no relation to cognitive impairment. PMID:28348889

[Synthesis and characterization of CO-3(2-) doping nano-hydroxyapatite].

PubMed

Liao, Jian-Guo; Li, Yan-Qun; Duan, Xing-Ze; Liu, Qiong

2014-11-01

CO3(2-) doping is an effective method to increase the biological activity of nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA). In the present study, calcium nitrate and trisodium phosphate were chosen as raw materials, with a certain amount of Na2CO3 as a source of CO-3(2-) ions, to synthesize nano-carbonate hydroxyapatite (n-CHA) slurry by solution precipitation method. The structure and micro-morphology of n-CHA were characterized by transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy (RS). The results revealed that the synthetic n-HA crystals are acicular in nanometer scale and have a crystal size of 20-30 nm in diameter and 60-80 nm in length, which are similar to natural bone apatite. And the crystallinity of n-CHA crystals decreases to the increment of CO3(2-). Samples with more CO3(2) have composition and structure more similar to the bone apatite. The value of lattice parameters a decreases, value of c increases, and c/a value increases with the increase in the amount of CO3(2-), in accordance with crystal cell parameters change rule of type B replacement. In the AB mixed type (substitution OH- and PO4(3-)) CHA, IR characteristic peak of CO3(2-) out-of-plane bending vibration appears at 872 cm(-1), meanwhile, the asymmetry flexible vibration band is split into band at 1 454 cm(-1) and band at 1 420 cm(-1), while weak CO3(2)-peak appears at 1 540 cm(-1). CO3(2-) Raman peak of symmetric stretching vibration appears at 1 122 cm(-1). CO3(2-) B-type (substitution PO4(3-)) peak appeared at 1 071 cm(-1). Through the calculation of integral area ratio of PO4(3-)/ CO3(2-), OH-/CO3(2-), and PO4(3-)/OH-, low quantity CO3(2-) is B-type and high quantity CO3(2-) is A-type (substitution OH-). The results show that the synthesized apatite crystals are AB hybrid substitued nano-carbonate hydroxyapatite, however B-type replacement is the main substitute mode. Due to similarity inthe shape, size, crystal structure and growth mode, the synthesized apatite crystals can be called a kind of bone-like apatite.

Structural Features of the Western Taiwan Foreland Basin in the Eastern Taiwan Strait since Late Miocene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

WANG, J. H.; Liu, C. S.; Chang, J. H.; Yang, E. Y.

2017-12-01

The western Taiwan Foreland Basin lies on the eastern part of Taiwan Strait. The structures in this region are dominated by crustal stretch and a series of flexural normal faults have been developed since Late Miocene owing to the flexural of Eurasia Plate. Through deciphering multi-channel seismic data and drilling data, these flexural features are observed in the offshore Changhua coastal area. The flexure normal faults are important features to realize structural activity in the western Taiwan Foreland Basin. Yang et al. (2016) mention that the reactivated normal faults are found north of the Zhushuixi estuary. It should be a significant issue to decipher whether these faults are still active. In this study, we have analyzed all the available seismic reflections profiles in the central part of the Taiwan Strait, and have observed many pre-Pliocene normal faults that are mainly distributed in the middle of the Taiwan Strait to Changyun Rise, and we tentatively suggest that the formation of these faults may be associated with the formation of the foreland basal unconformity. Furthermore, we will map the distribution of these normal faults and examine whether the reactivated normal faults have extended to south of the Zhushuixi estuary. Finally, we discuss the relation between the reactivated normal faults in the Taiwan Strait and those faults onshore. Key words: Multichannel seismic reflection profile, Taiwan Strait, Foreland basin, normal fault.

Hardness of the subchondral bone of the patella in the normal state, in chondromalacia, and in osteoarthrosis.

PubMed

Björkström, S; Goldie, I F

1982-06-01

The hardness of bone is its property of withstanding the impact of a penetrating agent. It has been found that articular degenerative changes in, for example, the tibia (knee) are combined with a decrease in the hardness of the subchondral bone. In this investigation the hardness of subchondral bone in chondromalacia and osteoarthrosis of the patella has been analysed and compared with normal subchondral bone. Using an indentation method originally described by Brinell the hardness of the subchondral bone was evaluated in 7 normal patellae, in 20 with chondromalacia and in 33 with osteoarthrosis. A microscopic and microradiographic study of the subchondral bone was carried out simultaneously. Hardness was lowest in the normal material. The mean hardness value beneath the degenerated cartilage differed only slightly from that of the normal material, but the variation of values was increased. The hardness in bone in the chondromalacia area was lower than the hardness in bone covered by surrounding normal cartilage. The mean hardness value in bone beneath normal parts of cartilage in specimens with chondromalacia was higher than the mean hardness value of the normal material. In the microscopic and microradiographic examination it became evident that there was a relationship between trabecular structure and subchondral bone hardness; high values: coarse and solid structure; low values: slender and less regular structure.

TAP score: torsion angle propensity normalization applied to local protein structure evaluation

PubMed Central

Tosatto, Silvio CE; Battistutta, Roberto

2007-01-01

Background Experimentally determined protein structures may contain errors and require validation. Conformational criteria based on the Ramachandran plot are mainly used to distinguish between distorted and adequately refined models. While the readily available criteria are sufficient to detect totally wrong structures, establishing the more subtle differences between plausible structures remains more challenging. Results A new criterion, called TAP score, measuring local sequence to structure fitness based on torsion angle propensities normalized against the global minimum and maximum is introduced. It is shown to be more accurate than previous methods at estimating the validity of a protein model in terms of commonly used experimental quality parameters on two test sets representing the full PDB database and a subset of obsolete PDB structures. Highly selective TAP thresholds are derived to recognize over 90% of the top experimental structures in the absence of experimental information. Both a web server and an executable version of the TAP score are available at . Conclusion A novel procedure for energy normalization (TAP) has significantly improved the possibility to recognize the best experimental structures. It will allow the user to more reliably isolate problematic structures in the context of automated experimental structure determination. PMID:17504537

Observed Family Interactions among Subtypes of Eating Disorders Using Structural Analysis of Social Behavior.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphrey, Laura Lynn

1989-01-01

Compared observations of family interactions among anorexic, bulimic-anorexic, bulimic, and normal families (N=74 families) consisting of father, mother, and teenage daughter. Benjamin's structural analysis of social behavior methodology differentiated clinical from normal families. Found unique patterns among subtypes of eating disorders which…

A Comparison of Normal and Elliptical Estimation Methods in Structural Equation Models.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schumacker, Randall E.; Cheevatanarak, Suchittra

Monte Carlo simulation compared chi-square statistics, parameter estimates, and root mean square error of approximation values using normal and elliptical estimation methods. Three research conditions were imposed on the simulated data: sample size, population contamination percent, and kurtosis. A Bentler-Weeks structural model established the…

Plasma-electric field controlled growth of oriented graphene for energy storage applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, Subrata; Polaki, S. R.; Kamruddin, M.; Jeong, Sang Mun; (Ken Ostrikov, Kostya

2018-04-01

It is well known that graphene grows as flat sheets aligned with the growth substrate. Oriented graphene structures typically normal to the substrate have recently attracted major attention. Most often, the normal orientation is achieved in a plasma-assisted growth and is believed to be due to the plasma-induced in-built electric field, which is usually oriented normal to the substrate. This work focuses on the effect of an in-built electric field on the growth direction, morphology, interconnectedness, structural properties and also the supercapacitor performance of various configurations of graphene structures and reveals the unique dependence of these features on the electric field orientation. It is shown that tilting of growth substrates from parallel to the normal direction with respect to the direction of in-built plasma electric field leads to the morphological transitions from horizontal graphene layers, to oriented individual graphene sheets and then interconnected 3D networks of oriented graphene sheets. The revealed transition of the growth orientation leads to a change in structural properties, wetting nature, types of defect in graphitic structures and also affects their charge storage capacity when used as supercapacitor electrodes. This simple and versatile approach opens new opportunities for the production of potentially large batches of differently oriented and structured graphene sheets in one production run.

Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy in an Endurance Athlete Presenting with Ventricular Tachycardia and Normal Right Ventricular Function.

PubMed

Hedley, Jeffrey S; Al Mheid, Ibhar; Alikhani, Zoubin; Pernetz, Maria A; Kim, Jonathan H

2017-08-01

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, a genetically inherited disease that results in fibrofatty replacement of normal cardiac myocytes, has been associated with sudden cardiac death in athletes. Long-term participation in endurance exercise hastens the development of both the arrhythmic and structural arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy phenotypes. We describe the unusual case of a 34-year-old, symptomatic, female endurance athlete who had arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy in the presence of a structurally normal right ventricle. Clinicians should be aware of this infrequent presentation when evaluating athletic patients who have ventricular arrhythmias and normal findings on cardiac imaging studies.

Retinal thinning is uniquely associated with medial temporal lobe atrophy in neurologically normal older adults

PubMed Central

Casaletto, Kaitlin B.; Ward, Michael E.; Baker, Nicholas S.; Bettcher, Brianne M.; Gelfand, Jeffrey M.; Li, Yaqiao; Chen, Robert; Dutt, Shubir; Miller, Bruce; Kramer, Joel H.; Green, Ari J.

2017-01-01

Given the converging pathologic and epidemiologic data indicating a relationship between retinal integrity and neurodegeneration, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), we aimed to determine if retinal structure correlates with medial temporal lobe (MTL) structure and function in neurologically normal older adults. Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, verbal and visual memory testing, and 3T-magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were performed in 79 neurologically normal adults enrolled in a healthy aging cohort study. Retinal nerve fiber thinning and reduced total macular and macular ganglion cell volumes were each associated with smaller MTL volumes (ps < 0.04). Notably, these markers of retinal structure were not associated with primary motor cortex or basal ganglia volumes (regions relatively unaffected in AD) (ps > 0.70), or frontal, precuneus, or temporoparietal volumes (regions affected in later AD Braak staging ps > 0.20). Retinal structure was not significantly associated with verbal or visual memory consolidation performances (ps > 0.14). Retinal structure was associated with MTL volumes, but not memory performances, in otherwise neurologically normal older adults. Given that MTL atrophy is a neuropathological hallmark of AD, retinal integrity may be an early marker of ongoing AD-related brain health. PMID:28068565

Correlating the vibrational spectra of structurally related molecules: A spectroscopic measure of similarity.

PubMed

Tao, Yunwen; Zou, Wenli; Cremer, Dieter; Kraka, Elfi

2018-03-05

Using catastrophe theory and the concept of a mutation path, an algorithm is developed that leads to the direct correlation of the normal vibrational modes of two structurally related molecules. The mutation path is defined by weighted incremental changes in mass and geometry of the molecules in question, which are successively applied to mutate a molecule into a structurally related molecule and thus continuously converting their normal vibrational spectra from one into the other. Correlation diagrams are generated that accurately relate the normal vibrational modes to each other by utilizing mode-mode overlap criteria and resolving allowed and avoided crossings of vibrational eigenstates. The limitations of normal mode correlation, however, foster the correlation of local vibrational modes, which offer a novel vibrational measure of similarity. It will be shown how this will open new avenues for chemical studies. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Separation of alkylphenols by normal-phase and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schabron, J.F.; Hurtubise, R.J.; Silver, H.F.

1978-11-01

Empirical correlation factors were developed which relate log k' values for alkylphenols, the naphthols, and two phenylphenols to structural features. Both normal-phase and reversed-phase chromatographic systems were studied. The stationary phases employed in the normal-phase work were ..mu..-Bondapak CN, ..mu..-Bondapak NH/sub 2/, and ..mu..-Porasil. The structural features which affect retention in the normal-phase chromatographic systems are the number of ortho substituents, the number of aliphatic carbons, and the number of aromatic rings. The stationary phases employed in the reversed-phase work were ..mu..-Bondapak C/sub 18/ and ..mu..-Bondapak CN. The structural features which affect retention in the reversed-phase chromatographic systems are themore » number of aliphatic carbons and the number of aromatic double bonds. On ..mu..-Bondapak C/sub 18/, the presence or absence of a nonaromatic ring is of added importance.« less

Efficient High-Fidelity, Geometrically Exact, Multiphysics Structural Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-14

fuctionally graded core. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 68:940– 966, 2006. 7F. Shang, Z. Wang, and Z. Li. Analysis of...normal deformable plate theory and MLPG method with radial basis fuctions . Composite Structures, 80:539– 552, 2007. 17W. Zhen and W. Chen. A higher-order...functionally graded plates by using higher-order shear and normal deformable plate theory and MLPG method with radial basis fuctions . Composite Structures, 80

Bias and Efficiency in Structural Equation Modeling: Maximum Likelihood versus Robust Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhong, Xiaoling; Yuan, Ke-Hai

2011-01-01

In the structural equation modeling literature, the normal-distribution-based maximum likelihood (ML) method is most widely used, partly because the resulting estimator is claimed to be asymptotically unbiased and most efficient. However, this may not hold when data deviate from normal distribution. Outlying cases or nonnormally distributed data,…

Imaging of matrix-disorder in normal and pathological human dermis using nonlinear optical microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhuo, Shuangmu; Chen, Jianxin; Xie, Shusen; Zheng, Liqin; Jiang, Xingshan

2009-11-01

In dermis, collagen and elastin are important structural proteins of extracellular maxtrix. The matrix-disorder is associated with various physiologic processes, such as localized scleroderma, anetoderma, photoaging. In this work, we demonstrate the capability of nonlinear optical microscopy in imaging structural proteins in normal and pathological human dermis.

Inter-subject FDG PET Brain Networks Exhibit Multi-scale Community Structure with Different Normalization Techniques.

PubMed

Sperry, Megan M; Kartha, Sonia; Granquist, Eric J; Winkelstein, Beth A

2018-07-01

Inter-subject networks are used to model correlations between brain regions and are particularly useful for metabolic imaging techniques, like 18F-2-deoxy-2-(18F)fluoro-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET). Since FDG PET typically produces a single image, correlations cannot be calculated over time. Little focus has been placed on the basic properties of inter-subject networks and if they are affected by group size and image normalization. FDG PET images were acquired from rats (n = 18), normalized by whole brain, visual cortex, or cerebellar FDG uptake, and used to construct correlation matrices. Group size effects on network stability were investigated by systematically adding rats and evaluating local network connectivity (node strength and clustering coefficient). Modularity and community structure were also evaluated in the differently normalized networks to assess meso-scale network relationships. Local network properties are stable regardless of normalization region for groups of at least 10. Whole brain-normalized networks are more modular than visual cortex- or cerebellum-normalized network (p < 0.00001); however, community structure is similar at network resolutions where modularity differs most between brain and randomized networks. Hierarchical analysis reveals consistent modules at different scales and clustering of spatially-proximate brain regions. Findings suggest inter-subject FDG PET networks are stable for reasonable group sizes and exhibit multi-scale modularity.

Aqueous extract of Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK accelerates fracture healing in Wistar rats.

PubMed

Florence, Ngueguim Tsofack; Huguette, Sakouong Talle Suewellyne; Hubert, Donfack Jean; Raceline, Gounoue Kamkumo; Desire, Dzeufiet Djomeni Paul; Pierre, Kamtchouing; Theophile, Dimo

2017-04-04

Peperomia pellucida (L.) HBK is consumed as vegetable and used in Cameroonian traditional medicine for the management of diseases and for fracture healing. Therefore the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the aqueous whole plant extract of Peperomia pellucida on fracture healing in female Wistar rats. A drill hole injury was created by inserting a drill bit inthe diaphysis of the femur. The aqueous extract of the whole plant of Peperomia pellucida was administered orally at the doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg to adult female Wistar rats. The vehicle (distilled water) was given to the control. Besides these rats, one group of rats without fracture received the extract (400 mg/kg). After 14 days of treatment, the rats were sacrificed under anesthesia and the effects of the extract were evaluated on body weight, the relative weights of organs (femurs, uteri and ovaries) and on hematology. Bone (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase) and serum biochemical parameters (calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase) were also evaluated. Radiological and histological tests were carried out on the femurs. The mineral content of the plant extract was also investigated. The extract induced an increase in body weight at high dose and in WBCs count at low doses. Aqueous extract from Peperomia pellucida increased bone calcium at lowest dose but maintained this parameter at normal range at high dose in fractured rat. Alkaline phophatase and phosphorus concentrations reduced significantly (p < 0.01) at the dose of 400 mg/kg as compared to fractured rats. Moreover, radiological tests revealed a dose dependent formation of callus at the level of the fracture gap, confirmed by the formation of a highly dense and compact fibrocartilagenous callus. The mineral content of the plant extract revealed the presence of calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, sodium and potassium. The aqueous extract of P. pellucida accelerates bone healing due partly to the mineral content of the extract. These results confirm its traditional use in the treatment of bone fractures.

Cable load sensing device

DOEpatents

Beus, Michael J.; McCoy, William G.

1998-01-01

Apparatus for sensing the magnitude of a load on a cable as the cable is employed to support the load includes a beam structure clamped to the cable so that a length of the cable lies along the beam structure. A spacer associated with the beam structure forces a slight curvature in a portion of the length of cable under a cable "no-load" condition so that the portion of the length of cable is spaced from the beam structure to define a cable curved portion. A strain gauge circuit including strain gauges is secured to the beam structure by welding. As the cable is employed to support a load the load causes the cable curved portion to exert a force normal to the cable through the spacer and on the beam structure to deform the beam structure as the cable curved portion attempts to straighten under the load. As this deformation takes place, the resistance of the strain gauges is set to a value proportional to the magnitude of the normal strain on the beam structure during such deformation. The magnitude of the normal strain is manipulated in a control device to generate a value equal to the magnitude or weight of the load supported by the cable.

Anatomy of an Active Seismic Source: the Interplay between Present-Day Seismic Activity and Inherited Fault Zone Architecture (Central Apennines, Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fondriest, M.; Demurtas, M.; Bistacchi, A.; Fabrizio, B.; Storti, F.; Valoroso, L.; Di Toro, G.

2017-12-01

The mechanics and seismogenic behaviour of fault zones are strongly influenced by their internal structure, in terms of both fault geometry and fault rock constitutive properties. In recent years high-resolution seismological techniques yielded new constraints on the geometry and velocity structure of seismogenic faults down to 10s meters length scales. This reduced the gap between geophysical imaging of active seismic sources and field observations of exhumed fault zones. Nevertheless fundamental questions such as the origin of geometrical and kinematic complexities associated to seismic faulting remain open. We addressed these topics by characterizing the internal structure of the Vado di Corno Fault Zone, an active seismogenic normal fault cutting carbonates in the Central Apennines of Italy and comparing it with the present-day seismicity of the area. The fault footwall block, which was exhumed from < 2 km depth, was mapped with high detail (< 1 m spatial resolution) for 2 km of exposure along strike, combining field structural data and photogrammetric surveys in a three dimensional structural model. Three main structural units separated by principal fault strands were recognized: (i) cataclastic unit (20-100 m thick), (ii) damage zone (≤ 300 m thick), (iii) breccia unit ( 20 thick). The cataclastic unit lines the master fault and represents the core of the normal fault zone. In-situ shattering together with evidence of extreme (possibly coseismic) shear strain localization (e.g., mirror-like faults with truncated clasts, ultrafine-grained sheared veins) was recognized. The breccia unit is an inherited thrust zone affected by pervasive veining and secondary dolomitization. It strikes subparallel to the active normal fault and is characterized by a non-cylindrical geometry with 10-100 m long frontal and lateral ramps. The cataclastic unit cuts through thrust flats within the breccia unit, whereas normal to oblique inversion occur on frontal and lateral ramps. A comparable structural setting was imaged South-West of the study area, during the 2009 L'Aquila seismic sequence. Here at 2 km depth, the master normal fault cross-cuts a 10 km long flat structure and clear lateral ramps are illuminated, suggesting the superposition of normal seismic faulting on inherited compressional structures.

Normalization of Complete Genome Characteristics: Application to Evolution from Primitive Organisms to Homo sapiens.

PubMed

Sorimachi, Kenji; Okayasu, Teiji; Ohhira, Shuji

2015-04-01

Normalized nucleotide and amino acid contents of complete genome sequences can be visualized as radar charts. The shapes of these charts depict the characteristics of an organism's genome. The normalized values calculated from the genome sequence theoretically exclude experimental errors. Further, because normalization is independent of both target size and kind, this procedure is applicable not only to single genes but also to whole genomes, which consist of a huge number of different genes. In this review, we discuss the applications of the normalization of the nucleotide and predicted amino acid contents of complete genomes to the investigation of genome structure and to evolutionary research from primitive organisms to Homo sapiens. Some of the results could never have been obtained from the analysis of individual nucleotide or amino acid sequences but were revealed only after the normalization of nucleotide and amino acid contents was applied to genome research. The discovery that genome structure was homogeneous was obtained only after normalization methods were applied to the nucleotide or predicted amino acid contents of genome sequences. Normalization procedures are also applicable to evolutionary research. Thus, normalization of the contents of whole genomes is a useful procedure that can help to characterize organisms.

Enhanced disease characterization through multi network functional normalization in fMRI.

PubMed

Çetin, Mustafa S; Khullar, Siddharth; Damaraju, Eswar; Michael, Andrew M; Baum, Stefi A; Calhoun, Vince D

2015-01-01

Conventionally, structural topology is used for spatial normalization during the pre-processing of fMRI. The co-existence of multiple intrinsic networks which can be detected in the resting brain are well-studied. Also, these networks exhibit temporal and spatial modulation during cognitive task vs. rest which shows the existence of common spatial excitation patterns between these identified networks. Previous work (Khullar et al., 2011) has shown that structural and functional data may not have direct one-to-one correspondence and functional activation patterns in a well-defined structural region can vary across subjects even for a well-defined functional task. The results of this study and the existence of the neural activity patterns in multiple networks motivates us to investigate multiple resting-state networks as a single fusion template for functional normalization for multi groups of subjects. We extend the previous approach (Khullar et al., 2011) by co-registering multi group of subjects (healthy control and schizophrenia patients) and by utilizing multiple resting-state networks (instead of just one) as a single fusion template for functional normalization. In this paper we describe the initial steps toward using multiple resting-state networks as a single fusion template for functional normalization. A simple wavelet-based image fusion approach is presented in order to evaluate the feasibility of combining multiple functional networks. Our results showed improvements in both the significance of group statistics (healthy control and schizophrenia patients) and the spatial extent of activation when a multiple resting-state network applied as a single fusion template for functional normalization after the conventional structural normalization. Also, our results provided evidence that the improvement in significance of group statistics lead to better accuracy results for classification of healthy controls and schizophrenia patients.

Smooth muscle membrane organization in the normal and dysfunctional human urinary bladder: a structural analysis.

PubMed

Burkhard, Fiona C; Monastyrskaya, Katia; Studer, Urs E; Draeger, Annette

2005-01-01

The decline in contractile properties is a characteristic feature of the dysfunctional bladder as a result of infravesical outlet obstruction. During clinical progression of the disease, smooth muscle cells undergo structural modifications. Since adaptations to constant changes in length require a high degree of structural organization within the sarcolemma, we have investigated the expression of several proteins, which are involved in smooth muscle membrane organization, in specimens derived from normal and dysfunctional organs. Specimen from patients with urodynamically normal/equivocal (n = 4), obstructed (n = 2), and acontractile (n = 2) bladders were analyzed relative to their structural features and sarcolemmal protein profile. Smooth muscle cells within the normal urinary bladder display a distinct sarcolemmal domain structure, characterized by firm actin-attachment sites, alternating with flexible "hinge" regions. In obstructed bladders, foci of cells displaying degenerative sarcolemmal changes alternate with areas of hypertrophic cells in which the membrane appears unaffected. In acontractile organs, the overall membrane structure remains intact, however annexin 6, a protein belonging to a family of Ca2+-dependent, "membrane-organizers," is downregulated. Degenerative changes in smooth muscle cells, which are chronically working against high resistance, are preferentially located within the actin-attachment sites. In acontractile bladders, the downregulation of annexin 6 might have a bearing on the fine-tuning of the plasma membrane during contraction/relaxation cycles. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

DNA Secondary Structure at Chromosomal Fragile Sites in Human Disease

PubMed Central

Thys, Ryan G; Lehman, Christine E; Pierce, Levi C. T; Wang, Yuh-Hwa

2015-01-01

DNA has the ability to form a variety of secondary structures that can interfere with normal cellular processes, and many of these structures have been associated with neurological diseases and cancer. Secondary structure-forming sequences are often found at chromosomal fragile sites, which are hotspots for sister chromatid exchange, chromosomal translocations, and deletions. Structures formed at fragile sites can lead to instability by disrupting normal cellular processes such as DNA replication and transcription. The instability caused by disruption of replication and transcription can lead to DNA breakage, resulting in gene rearrangements and deletions that cause disease. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA secondary structure at fragile sites in human disease. PMID:25937814

Fast normal mode computations of capsid dynamics inspired by resonance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Na, Hyuntae; Song, Guang

2018-07-01

Increasingly more and larger structural complexes are being determined experimentally. The sizes of these systems pose a formidable computational challenge to the study of their vibrational dynamics by normal mode analysis. To overcome this challenge, this work presents a novel resonance-inspired approach. Tests on large shell structures of protein capsids demonstrate that there is a strong resonance between the vibrations of a whole capsid and those of individual capsomeres. We then show how this resonance can be taken advantage of to significantly speed up normal mode computations.

Acyl carrier protein structural classification and normal mode analysis

PubMed Central

Cantu, David C; Forrester, Michael J; Charov, Katherine; Reilly, Peter J

2012-01-01

All acyl carrier protein primary and tertiary structures were gathered into the ThYme database. They are classified into 16 families by amino acid sequence similarity, with members of the different families having sequences with statistically highly significant differences. These classifications are supported by tertiary structure superposition analysis. Tertiary structures from a number of families are very similar, suggesting that these families may come from a single distant ancestor. Normal vibrational mode analysis was conducted on experimentally determined freestanding structures, showing greater fluctuations at chain termini and loops than in most helices. Their modes overlap more so within families than between different families. The tertiary structures of three acyl carrier protein families that lacked any known structures were predicted as well. PMID:22374859

Large-Scale Flow Structure in Turbulent Nonpremixed Flames under Normal- And Low-Gravity Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clemens, N. T.; Idicheria, C. A.; Boxx, I. G.

2001-01-01

It is well known that buoyancy has a major influence on the flow structure of turbulent nonpremixed jet flames. Buoyancy acts by inducing baroclinic torques, which generate large-scale vortical structures that can significantly modify the flow field. Furthermore, some suggest that buoyancy can substantially influence the large-scale structure of even nominally momentum-dominated flames, since the low velocity flow outside of the flame will be more susceptible to buoyancy effects. Even subtle buoyancy effects may be important because changes in the large-scale structure affects the local entrainment and fluctuating strain rate, and hence the structure of the flame. Previous studies that have compared the structure of normal- and micro-gravity nonpremixed jet flames note that flames in microgravity are longer and wider than in normal-gravity. This trend was observed for jet flames ranging from laminar to turbulent regimes. Furthermore, imaging of the flames has shown possible evidence of helical instabilities and disturbances starting from the base of the flame in microgravity. In contrast, these characteristics were not observed in normal-gravity. The objective of the present study is to further advance our knowledge of the effects of weak levels of buoyancy on the structure of transitional and turbulent nonpremixed jet flames. In later studies we will utilize the drop tower facilities at NASA Glenn Research Center (GRC), but the preliminary work described in this paper was conducted using the 1.25-second drop tower located at the University of Texas at Austin. A more detailed description of these experiments can be found in Idicheria et al.

Non-destructive analysis of the conformational changes in human lens lipid and protein structures of the immature cataracts associated with glaucoma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Shan-Yang; Li, Mei-Jane; Liang, Run-Chu; Lee, Shui-Mei

1998-09-01

Previous study has supposed a possible mechanism of exacerbating cataract formation in cataractous human lens capsules induced by hypertension or glaucoma. To clarify the glaucoma-induced cataract formation of the eyes lens, changes in the human lens lipid and protein structures of immature cataractous patients with or without glaucoma were investigated. Two normal lenses, ten immature cataractous lenses without any complication and four immature cataractous lenses with glaucoma were used after surgical operation. Each de-capsulated human lens sample was sliced with a number 15 surgical blade. The intact nuclear lens regions were used for non-destructive analysis. The lens lipid and protein structures, as well as compositions of these lens samples, were determined using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy with second-derivative, de-convolution and curve-fitting methods. The results indicate that the IR spectrum of glaucomatous lenses appeared as a shoulder only at 2853 cm -1, thus the composition of the symmetric CH 2 stretching band at 2853 (2852) cm -1 decreased more significantly in glaucomatous lens to only one half of that in normal and immature cataractous lenses. The composition of the asymmetric CH 3 stretching band at 2965 cm -1 for normal lens decreases markedly from 32 to 20% for immature cataractous lenses with or without glaucoma. The compositional ratio of component at 2965 cm -1 to component at 2928 (2930) cm -1 for normal lenses was about 0.702, and that ratio for cataractous lenses without glaucoma was 0.382 but for glaucomatous lenses was 0.377. The maximum peak position of amide I band for IR spectra of the normal lens, immature cataractous lenses without complications or glaucomatous lenses appeared respectively at 1632, 1630 or 1622 cm -1, assigned to β sheet structure. A marked difference in peak intensity of amide I band for the normal lenses and immature cataractous human lenses with or without glaucoma was observed. The peak intensity ratio of amide I /amide II (1632/1545 cm -1) for normal lenses was in the range of 2.20-2.33, whereas in the spectra of immature cataractous lenses without glaucoma this ratio (1630/1545 cm -1) was 1.28-1.41 but was 1.04-1.13 for glaucomatous lens in the intensity ratio of 1622/1545 cm -1. The intensity of the glycogen bands in the wavenumber region 1135-1076 and 1069-1032 cm -1 was found to increase for the immature cataractous lenses with or without glaucoma, as compared with the normal ones. The peaks ranging from 1633 to 1610 cm -1 assigned to β-sheet structure also exhibited a pronounced compositional difference, particularly in glaucomatous lenses. The human lens lipid and protein secondary structures were more affected by glaucoma. Higher protein side chains and reduced lipid content contributed predominantly to the CH stretching vibrations of normal lens structure, whereas high lipid content and less protein side chains dominated the CH stretching vibrations of cataractous lenses with or without glaucoma. Decrease α-helix and random coil structures but enhanced β-sheet structure in the immature cataractous human lens induced by glaucoma might result from the formation of intermolecular hydrogen-bonding insoluble protein aggregates that modify the secondary structure of protein in lenses.

Studies in Pattern Detection in Normal and Autistic Children. II. Reproduction and Production of Color Sequences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frith, Uta

1970-01-01

Findings are consistent with the hypothesis of an input processing deficit in autistic children. Autistic children were insensitive to differences in the structures present and tended to impose their own simple stereotyped patterns. Normal children imposed such patterns in the absence of structured input only. Paper reports work which has been…

Novel chromatin texture features for the classification of pap smears

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bejnordi, Babak E.; Moshavegh, Ramin; Sujathan, K.; Malm, Patrik; Bengtsson, Ewert; Mehnert, Andrew

2013-03-01

This paper presents a set of novel structural texture features for quantifying nuclear chromatin patterns in cells on a conventional Pap smear. The features are derived from an initial segmentation of the chromatin into bloblike texture primitives. The results of a comprehensive feature selection experiment, including the set of proposed structural texture features and a range of different cytology features drawn from the literature, show that two of the four top ranking features are structural texture features. They also show that a combination of structural and conventional features yields a classification performance of 0.954±0.019 (AUC±SE) for the discrimination of normal (NILM) and abnormal (LSIL and HSIL) slides. The results of a second classification experiment, using only normal-appearing cells from both normal and abnormal slides, demonstrates that a single structural texture feature measuring chromatin margination yields a classification performance of 0.815±0.019. Overall the results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed structural approach and that it is possible to detect malignancy associated changes (MACs) in Papanicoloau stain.

Sub-cellular force microscopy in single normal and cancer cells.

PubMed

Babahosseini, H; Carmichael, B; Strobl, J S; Mahmoodi, S N; Agah, M

2015-08-07

This work investigates the biomechanical properties of sub-cellular structures of breast cells using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cells are modeled as a triple-layered structure where the Generalized Maxwell model is applied to experimental data from AFM stress-relaxation tests to extract the elastic modulus, the apparent viscosity, and the relaxation time of sub-cellular structures. The triple-layered modeling results allow for determination and comparison of the biomechanical properties of the three major sub-cellular structures between normal and cancerous cells: the up plasma membrane/actin cortex, the mid cytoplasm/nucleus, and the low nuclear/integrin sub-domains. The results reveal that the sub-domains become stiffer and significantly more viscous with depth, regardless of cell type. In addition, there is a decreasing trend in the average elastic modulus and apparent viscosity of the all corresponding sub-cellular structures from normal to cancerous cells, which becomes most remarkable in the deeper sub-domain. The presented modeling in this work constitutes a unique AFM-based experimental framework to study the biomechanics of sub-cellular structures. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cointegration as a data normalization tool for structural health monitoring applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harvey, Dustin Y.; Todd, Michael D.

2012-04-01

The structural health monitoring literature has shown an abundance of features sensitive to various types of damage in laboratory tests. However, robust feature extraction in the presence of varying operational and environmental conditions has proven to be one of the largest obstacles in the development of practical structural health monitoring systems. Cointegration, a technique adapted from the field of econometrics, has recently been introduced to the SHM field as one solution to the data normalization problem. Response measurements and feature histories often show long-run nonstationarity due to fluctuating temperature, load conditions, or other factors that leads to the occurrence of false positives. Cointegration theory allows nonstationary trends common to two or more time series to be modeled and subsequently removed. Thus, the residual retains sensitivity to damage with dependence on operational and environmental variability removed. This study further explores the use of cointegration as a data normalization tool for structural health monitoring applications.

"Bringing a Butter Knife to a Gun Fight"? Salience, Disclosure, and FDA's Differing Approaches to the Tobacco Use and Obesity Epidemics.

PubMed

Weimholt, Josef

2015-01-01

One might expect--given the vastly different look, feel, and function of the ubiquitous (and innocuous) Nutrition Facts panel and the "inflammatory" graphic warning labels for cigarettes--that the statutes establishing such disclosure requirements would exhibit similar disparities. In fact, the relevant provisions of the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act of 1990 and the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act of 2009 are. quite analogous. Like other mandated disclosures, the nutrition label and the cigarette. graphic warnings seek to simultaneously inform and influence consumer decisions. Both statutes grant FDA considerable discretion in.the implementation of the labeling requirements, generally allowing the agency to alter the format and content of the labels as necessary to promote the statutory goals. Thus, the differences in the nutrition and cigarette warning labels are not the product of the statutory schemes alone; rather, they reflect important differences in FDA's interpretation and prioritization of the dual regulatory goals, and in the agency's implicit or explicit assumptions about human behavior.

Integrated Tools for Future Distributed Engine Control Technologies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culley, Dennis; Thomas, Randy; Saus, Joseph

2013-01-01

Turbine engines are highly complex mechanical systems that are becoming increasingly dependent on control technologies to achieve system performance and safety metrics. However, the contribution of controls to these measurable system objectives is difficult to quantify due to a lack of tools capable of informing the decision makers. This shortcoming hinders technology insertion in the engine design process. NASA Glenn Research Center is developing a Hardware-inthe- Loop (HIL) platform and analysis tool set that will serve as a focal point for new control technologies, especially those related to the hardware development and integration of distributed engine control. The HIL platform is intended to enable rapid and detailed evaluation of new engine control applications, from conceptual design through hardware development, in order to quantify their impact on engine systems. This paper discusses the complex interactions of the control system, within the context of the larger engine system, and how new control technologies are changing that paradigm. The conceptual design of the new HIL platform is then described as a primary tool to address those interactions and how it will help feed the insertion of new technologies into future engine systems.

Role of JNK isoforms in the kainic acid experimental model of epilepsy and neurodegeneration.

PubMed

Auladell, Carme; de Lemos, Luisa; Verdaguer, Ester; Ettcheto, Miren; Busquets, Oriol; Lazarowski, Alberto; Beas-Zarate, Carlos; Olloquequi, Jordi; Folch, Jaume; Camins, Antoni

2017-01-01

Chemoconvulsants that induce status epilepticus in rodents have been widely used over the past decades due to their capacity to reproduce with high similarity neuropathological and electroencephalographic features observed in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Kainic acid  is one of the most used chemoconvulsants in experimental models. KA administration mainly induces neuronal loss in the hippocampus. We focused the present review inthe c-Jun N-terminal kinase-signaling pathway (JNK), since it has been shown to play a key role in the process of neuronal death following KA activation. Among the three isoforms of JNK (JNK1, JNK2, JNK3), JNK3 is widely localized in the majority of areas of the hippocampus, whereas JNK1 levels are located exclusively in the CA3 and CA4 areas and in dentate gyrus. Disruption of the gene encoding JNK3 in mice renders neuroprotection to KA, since these animals showed a reduction in seizure activity and a diminution in hippocampal neuronal apoptosis. In light of this, JNK3 could be a promising subcellular target for future therapeutic interventions in epilepsy.

Metabotropic Glutamate Receptors for Parkinson's Disease Therapy

PubMed Central

Gasparini, Fabrizio; Di Paolo, Thérèse; Gomez-Mancilla, Baltazar

2013-01-01

Excessive glutamatergic signalling within the basal ganglia is implicated in the progression of Parkinson's disease (PD) and inthe emergence of dyskinesia associated with long-term treatment with L-DOPA. There is considerable research focus on the discovery and development of compounds that modulate glutamatergic signalling via glutamate receptors, as treatments for PD and L-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID). Although initial preclinical studies with ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonists showed antiparkinsonian and antidyskinetic activity, their clinical use was limited due to psychiatric adverse effects, with the exception of amantadine, a weak N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, currently used to reduce dyskinesia in PD patients. Metabotropic receptor (mGlu receptor) modulators were considered to have a more favourable side-effect profile, and several agents have been studied in preclinical models of PD. The most promising results have been seen clinically with selective antagonists of mGlu5 receptor and preclinically with selective positive allosteric modulators of mGlu4 receptor. The growing understanding of glutamate receptor crosstalk also raises the possibility of more precise modulation of glutamatergic transmission, which may lead to the development of more effective agents for PD. PMID:23853735

Oscillating flow and heat transfer in a channel with sudden cross section change

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ibrahim, Mounir; Hashim, Waqar

1993-01-01

We have computationally examined oscillating flow (zero mean) between two parallel plates with a sudden change in cross section. The flow was assumed to be laminar incompressible with the inflow velocity uniform over the channel cross section but varying sinusoidally with time. The cases studied cover wide ranges of Re(sub max) (from 187.5 to 2000), Va (from 1 to 10.66), the expansion ratio (1:2 and 1:4) and A(sub r) (2 and 4). Also, three different geometric cases were discussed: (1) asymmetric expansion/contraction; (2) symmetric expansion/contraction; and (3) symmetric blunt body. For these oscillating flow conditions, the fluid undergoes sudden expansion in one-half of the cycle and sudden contraction inthe other half. The instantaneous friction factor, for some ranges of Re(sub max) and Va, deviated substantially from the steady-state friction factor for the same flow parameters. A region has been identified below which the flow is laminar quasi-steady. A videotape showing computer simulations of the oscillating flow demonstrates the usefulness of the current analyses in providing information on the transient hydraulic phenomena.

Assessment of organic contaminants in emissions from refuse-derived fuel combustion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chrostowski, J.; Wait, D.; Kwong, E.

1985-09-01

Organic contaminants in emissions from refuse-derived fuel combustion were investigated in a 20-inch-diameter atmospheric fluidized-bed combustor. Combinations of coal/EcoFuel/MSW/toluene were burned inthe combustor with temperatures ranging from 1250 to 1550 degrees F. A Source Assessment Sampling System (SASS) was used to sample the stack gas; Level 1 methodology was used to analyze the organic-contaminant levels. Combustion efficiencies of 93 to 98 percent were achieved in the test burns. Combustion of the EcoFuel generated fewer organic emissions than combustion of coal at similar combustion temperatures. The fine particulate collected by the SASS train filter contained higher concentrations of extractable organics thanmore » the reactor fly ash and the SASS cyclone samples. Combustion of a toluene/EcoFuel mix generated a large number of benzene derivatives not seen in the combustion of pure EcoFuel. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were the dominant organic compounds contained in the XAD-2 resin extract from coal combustion. A number of different priority pollutants were identified in the samples collected.« less

Development of X-Ray Microcalorimeter Imaging Spectrometers for the X-Ray Surveyor Mission Concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bandler, Simon R.; Adams, Joseph S.; Chervenak, James A.; Datesman, Aaron M.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, Fred M.; Kelley, Richard L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Betncourt-Martinez, Gabriele; Miniussi, Antoine R.;

Three Types of Flower Structures in a Divergent-Wrench Fault Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Lei; Liu, Chi-yang

2017-12-01

Flower structures are typical features of wrench fault zones. In conventional studies, two distinct kinds of flower structures have been identified based on differences in their internal structural architecture: (1) negative flower structures characterized by synforms and normal separations and (2) positive flower structures characterized by antiforms and reverse separations. In addition to negative and positive flower structures, in this study, a third kind of flower structure was identified in a divergent-wrench fault zone, a hybrid characterized by both antiforms and normal separations. Negative flower structures widely occur in divergent-wrench fault zones, and their presence indicates the combined effects of extensional and strike-slip motion. In contrast, positive and hybrid flower structures occur only in fault restraining bends and step overs. A hybrid flower structure can be considered as product of a kind of structural deformation typical of divergent-wrench zones; it is the result of the combined effects of extensional, compressional, and strike-slip strains under a locally appropriate compressional environment. The strain situation in it represents the transition stage that in between positive and negative flower structures. Kinematic and dynamic characteristics of the hybrid flower structures indicate the salient features of structural deformation in restraining bends and step overs along divergent-wrench faults, including the coexistence of three kinds of strains (i.e., compression, extension, and strike-slip) and synchronous presence of compressional (i.e., typical fault-bend fold) and extensional (normal faults) deformation in the same place. Hybrid flower structures are also favorable for the accumulation of hydrocarbons because of their special structural configuration in divergent-wrench fault zones.

Analysing the magnetopause internal structure: new possibilities offered by MMS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belmont, G.; Rezeau, L.; Manuzzo, R.; Aunai, N.; Dargent, J.

2017-12-01

We explore the structure of the magnetopause using a crossing observed by the MMS spacecraft on October 16th, 2015. Several methods (MVA, BV, CVA) are first applied to compute the normal to the magnetopause considered as a whole. The different results obtained are not identical and we show that the whole boundary is not stationary and not planar, so that basic assumptions of these methods are not well satisfied. We then analyse more finely the internal structure for investigating the departures from planarity. Using the basic mathematical definition of what is a one-dimensional physical problem, we introduce a new method, called LNA (Local Normal Analysis) for determining the varying normal, and we compare the results so obtained with those coming from the MDD tool developed by [Shi et al., 2005]. This method gives the dimensionality of the magnetic variations from multi-point measurements and allows estimating the direction of the local normal using the magnetic field. On the other hand, LNA is a single-spacecraft method which gives the local normal from the magnetic field and particle data. This study shows that the magnetopause does include approximate one-dimensional sub-structures but also two and three dimensional intervals. It also shows that the dimensionality of the magnetic variations can differ from the variations of the other fields so that, at some places, the magnetic field can have a 1D structure although all the plasma variations do not verify the properties of a global one-dimensional problem. Finally a generalisation and a systematic application of the MDD method to the physical quantities of interest is shown.

Control-group feature normalization for multivariate pattern analysis of structural MRI data using the support vector machine.

PubMed

Linn, Kristin A; Gaonkar, Bilwaj; Satterthwaite, Theodore D; Doshi, Jimit; Davatzikos, Christos; Shinohara, Russell T

2016-05-15

Normalization of feature vector values is a common practice in machine learning. Generally, each feature value is standardized to the unit hypercube or by normalizing to zero mean and unit variance. Classification decisions based on support vector machines (SVMs) or by other methods are sensitive to the specific normalization used on the features. In the context of multivariate pattern analysis using neuroimaging data, standardization effectively up- and down-weights features based on their individual variability. Since the standard approach uses the entire data set to guide the normalization, it utilizes the total variability of these features. This total variation is inevitably dependent on the amount of marginal separation between groups. Thus, such a normalization may attenuate the separability of the data in high dimensional space. In this work we propose an alternate approach that uses an estimate of the control-group standard deviation to normalize features before training. We study our proposed approach in the context of group classification using structural MRI data. We show that control-based normalization leads to better reproducibility of estimated multivariate disease patterns and improves the classifier performance in many cases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Normal-incidence quantum cascade detector coupled by nanopore structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jianqi; Wang, Fengjiao; Zhai, Shenqiang; Zhang, Jinchuan; Liu, Shuman; Liu, Junqi; Wang, Lijun; Liu, Fengqi; Wang, Zhanguo

2018-04-01

A normal-incidence quantum cascade detector coupled by a nanopore array structure (NPS) is demonstrated. The NPS is fabricated on top of an In0.53Ga0.47As contact layer by inductively coupled plasma etching using anodic aluminum oxide as a mask. Because of the nonuniform volume fraction at different areas of the device mesa, the NPS acts as subwavelength random gratings. Normal-incidence light can be scattered into random oblique directions for inter-sub-band transition absorption. With normal incidence, the responsivities of the device reach 24 mA/W at 77 K and 15.7 mA/W at 300 K, which are enhanced 2.23 and 1.96 times, respectively, compared with that of the 45°-edge device.

Connections between density, wall-normal velocity, and coherent structure in a heated turbulent boundary layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saxton-Fox, Theresa; Gordeyev, Stanislav; Smith, Adam; McKeon, Beverley

2015-11-01

Strong density gradients associated with turbulent structure were measured in a mildly heated turbulent boundary layer using an optical sensor (Malley probe). The Malley probe measured index of refraction gradients integrated along the wall-normal direction, which, due to the proportionality of index of refraction and density in air, was equivalently an integral measure of density gradients. The integral output was observed to be dominated by strong, localized density gradients. Conditional averaging and Pearson correlations identified connections between the streamwise gradient of density and the streamwise gradient of wall-normal velocity. The trends were suggestive of a process of pick-up and transport of heat away from the wall. Additionally, by considering the density field as a passive marker of structure, the role of the wall-normal velocity in shaping turbulent structure in a sheared flow was examined. Connections were developed between sharp gradients in the density and flow fields and strong vertical velocity fluctuations. This research is made possible by the Department of Defense through the National Defense & Engineering Graduate Fellowship (NDSEG) Program and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research Grant # FA9550-12-1-0060.

Hemodynamic adaptation to suboptimal fetal growth in patients with single ventricle physiology.

PubMed

Alsaied, Tarek; Tseng, Stephanie; King, Eileen; Hahn, Eunice; Divanovic, Allison; Habli, Mounira; Cnota, James

2018-06-10

In fetuses with structurally normal heart and suboptimal fetal growth (SFG), umbilical artery vascular resistance increases as measured by umbilical artery pulsatility index (UA-PI). The objective of this study is to compare hemodynamic responses to SFG in fetuses with single ventricle (SV) and controls with structurally normal heart. Fetal echocardiograms around 30 weeks of gestation were reviewed. UA-PI and middle cerebral artery pulsatility index (MCA-PI) were calculated. SFG was defined as a birth weight below 25th percentile for gestational age. Studies from 92 fetuses were reviewed-SV (n = 50) and controls (n = 42). The prevalence of SFG was higher in SV compared to controls (46% vs 21%, P = .02). In patients with normal heart and SFG, UAPI was significantly higher than normal controls (P = .003) suggesting increased placental vascular resistance. In SV with SFG there was no difference in UAPI compared to SV without SFG. There was no difference in MCA-PI between the groups. The hemodynamic response to SFG in SV varies from fetuses with structurally normal heart. The mechanism of SFG and the placental pathology may be distinct in SV. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Hyperbolic Prismatic Grid Generation and Solution of Euler Equations on Prismatic Grids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pandya, S. A.; Chattot, JJ; Hafez, M. M.; Kutler, Paul (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

A hyperbolic grid generation method is used to generate prismatic grids and an approach using prismatic grids to solve the Euler equations is presented. The theory of the stability and feasibility of the hyperbolic grid generation method is presented. The hyperbolic grid generation method of Steger et al for structured grids is applied to a three dimensional triangularized surface definition to generate a grid that is unstructured on each successive layer. The grid, however, retains structure in the body-normal direction and has a computational cell shaped like a triangular prism. In order to take advantage of the structure in the normal direction, a finite-volume scheme that treats the unknowns along the normal direction implicitly is introduced and the flow over a sphere is simulated.

The Tjellefonna fault system of Western Norway: Linking late-Caledonian extension, post-Caledonian normal faulting, and Tertiary rock column uplift with the landslide-generated tsunami event of 1756

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Redfield, T. F.; Osmundsen, P. T.

2009-09-01

On February 22, 1756, approximately 15.7 million cubic meters of bedrock were catastrophically released as a giant rockslide into the Langfjorden. Subsequently, three ˜ 40 meter high tsunami waves overwhelmed the village of Tjelle and several other local communities. Inherited structures had isolated a compartment in the hanging wall damage zone of the fjord-dwelling Tjellefonna fault. Because the region is seismically active in oblique-normal mode, and in accordance with scant historical sources, we speculate that an earthquake on a nearby fault may have caused the already-weakened Tjelle hillside to fail. From interpretation of structural, geomorphic, and thermo-chronological data we suggest that today's escarpment topography of Møre og Trøndelag is controlled to a first order by post-rift reactivation of faults parallel to the Mesozoic passive margin. In turn, a number of these faults reactivated Late Caledonian or early post-Caledonian fabrics. Normal-sense reactivation of inherited structures along much of coastal Norway suggests that a structural link exists between the processes that destroy today's mountains and those that created them. The Paleozoic Møre-Trøndelag Fault Complex was reactivated as a normal fault during the Mesozoic and, probably, throughout the Cenozoic until the present day. Its NE-SW trending strands crop out between the coast and the base of a c. 1.7 km high NW-facing topographic 'Great Escarpment.' Well-preserved kinematic indicators and multiple generations of fault products are exposed along the Tjellefonna fault, a well-defined structural and topographic lineament parallel to both the Langfjorden and the Great Escarpment. The slope instability that was formerly present at Tjelle, and additional instabilities currently present throughout the region, may be viewed as the direct product of past and ongoing development of tectonic topography in Møre og Trøndelag county. In the Langfjorden region in particular, structural geometry suggests additional unreleased rock compartments may be isolated and under normal fault control. Although post-glacial rebound and topographically-derived horizontal spreading stresses might in part help drive present-day oblique normal seismicity, the normal-fault-controlled escarpments of Norway were at least partly erected in pre-glacial times. Cretaceous to Early Tertiary post-rift subsidence was interrupted by normal faulting at the innermost portion of the passive margin, imposing a strong tectonic empreinte on the developing landscape.

Structural stability, electronic structure and mechanical properties of alkali gallium hydrides AGaH{sub 4} (A = Li, Na)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Santhosh, M.; Rajeswarapalanichamy, R., E-mail: rrpalanichamy@gmail.com; Manikandan, M.

2016-05-06

Ab initio calculations are performed to investigate the structural stability, electronic structure and mechanical properties of alkali gallium hydrides AGaH{sub 4} (A = Li, Na) for three different crystal structures, namely tetragonal (P42{sub 1}c), tetragonal (P4{sub 2}/nmc) and monoclinic (P2{sub 1}/c). Among the considered structures, tetragonal (P42{sub 1}c) phase is found to be the most stable phase for these hydrides at normal pressure. A pressure induced structural phase transition from tetragonal (P42{sub 1}c) to tetragonal (P4{sub 2}/nmc) is observed. The electronic structure reveals that these hydrides are insulators. The calculated elastic constants indicate that these ternary imides are mechanically stablemore » at normal pressure.« less

Community structure detection based on the neighbor node degree information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Li-Ying; Li, Sheng-Nan; Lin, Jian-Hong; Guo, Qiang; Liu, Jian-Guo

2016-11-01

Community structure detection is of great significance for better understanding the network topology property. By taking into account the neighbor degree information of the topological network as the link weight, we present an improved Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) method for detecting community structure. The results for empirical networks show that the largest improved ratio of the Normalized Mutual Information value could reach 63.21%. Meanwhile, for synthetic networks, the highest Normalized Mutual Information value could closely reach 1, which suggests that the improved method with the optimal λ can detect the community structure more accurately. This work is helpful for understanding the interplay between the link weight and the community structure detection.

Effect of environmental parameters on habitat structural weight and cost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bock, E.; Lambrou, F., Jr.; Simon, M.

1979-01-01

Space-settlement conceptual designs were previously accomplished using earth-normal physiological conditions. The habitat weight and cost penalties associated with this conservative design approach are quantified. These penalties are identified by comparison of conservative earth-normal designs with habitats designed to less than earth-normal conditions. Physiological research areas are also recommended as a necessary prerequisite to realizing these potential weight and cost savings. Major habitat structural elements, that is, pressure shell and radiation shielding, for populations of 100, 10,000, and 1,000,000, are evaluated for effects of atmospheric pressure, pseudogravity level, radiation shielding thickness, and habitat configuration.

Structural basis for pulmonary functional imaging.

PubMed

Itoh, H; Nakatsu, M; Yoxtheimer, L M; Uematsu, H; Ohno, Y; Hatabu, H

2001-03-01

An understanding of fine normal lung morphology is important for effective pulmonary functional imaging. The lung specimens must be inflated. These include (a) unfixed, inflated lung specimen, (b) formaldehyde fixed lung specimen, (c) fixed, inflated dry lung specimen, and (d) histology specimen. Photography, magnified view, radiograph, computed tomography, and histology of these specimens are demonstrated. From a standpoint of diagnostic imaging, the main normal lung structures consist of airways (bronchi and bronchioles), alveoli, pulmonary vessels, secondary pulmonary lobules, and subpleural pulmonary lymphatic channels. This review summarizes fine radiologic normal lung morphology as an aid to effective pulmonary functional imaging.

Characterizing structural association alterations within brain networks in normal aging using Gaussian Bayesian networks.

PubMed

Guo, Xiaojuan; Wang, Yan; Chen, Kewei; Wu, Xia; Zhang, Jiacai; Li, Ke; Jin, Zhen; Yao, Li

2014-01-01

Recent multivariate neuroimaging studies have revealed aging-related alterations in brain structural networks. However, the sensory/motor networks such as the auditory, visual and motor networks, have obtained much less attention in normal aging research. In this study, we used Gaussian Bayesian networks (BN), an approach investigating possible inter-regional directed relationship, to characterize aging effects on structural associations between core brain regions within each of these structural sensory/motor networks using volumetric MRI data. We then further examined the discriminability of BN models for the young (N = 109; mean age =22.73 years, range 20-28) and old (N = 82; mean age =74.37 years, range 60-90) groups. The results of the BN modeling demonstrated that structural associations exist between two homotopic brain regions from the left and right hemispheres in each of the three networks. In particular, compared with the young group, the old group had significant connection reductions in each of the three networks and lesser connection numbers in the visual network. Moreover, it was found that the aging-related BN models could distinguish the young and old individuals with 90.05, 73.82, and 88.48% accuracy for the auditory, visual, and motor networks, respectively. Our findings suggest that BN models can be used to investigate the normal aging process with reliable statistical power. Moreover, these differences in structural inter-regional interactions may help elucidate the neuronal mechanism of anatomical changes in normal aging.

Proposal of a novel method for observing the breast by high-resolution ultrasound imaging: understanding the normal breast structure and its application in an observational method for detecting deviations.

PubMed

Izumori, Ayumi; Horii, Rie; Akiyama, Futoshi; Iwase, Takuji

2013-01-01

With the recent advances in modalities for diagnostic imaging of the breast, it is now essential to detect isoechoic masses and small nonmass lesions, to which little attention has so far been paid using ultrasound (US) of the breast. It will be possible with the observation method to understand normal breast structural images and anatomy. We elucidated the detailed histological architecture of the normal breast, information indispensable for diagnostic US of the breast. Verification of the above hypotheses was carried out using the breasts of 11 patients who underwent total mastectomy at our clinic. Isoechoic structures with fat are lobules, all ducts, and surrounding stroma that support the ducts; intervening hyperechoic areas are edematous stroma and fat-containing stroma that support the breast. By taking an isoechoic structure that reflects the course of the ducts as the basic structure for observation, the boundary between the lobes can be inferred. Detection of deviations from the normal structure using the method for interpreting three-dimensional ultrasound images of mammary lobes is a radical new approach for diagnosing breast cancer. This technique is very simple and amenable to standardization once one understands the underlying theory. Furthermore, it is useful as a screening method as well as for easy detection of faint minute lesions that can only be detected by magnetic resonance imaging or second-look targeted US.

Comparison of the diagnostic quality of computed tomography images of normal ocular and orbital structures acquired with and without the use of general anesthesia in the cat.

PubMed

Collins, Sean P; Matheson, Jodi S; Hamor, Ralph E; Mitchell, Mark A; Labelle, Amber L; O'Brien, Robert T

2013-09-01

To compare the diagnostic quality of computed tomography (CT) images of normal ocular and orbital structures acquired with and without the use of general anesthesia in the cat. Eleven privately owned cats with nasal disease presenting to a single referral hospital. All cats received a complete ophthalmic examination. A 16 multislice helical CT system was utilized to acquire images of the skull and neck with and without the use of general anesthesia. Images were acquired before and after the administration of intravenous iodinated contrast. Images of normal ocular and orbital structures were evaluated via consensus by two board-certified radiologists. Visibility of ocular and orbital structures, degree of motion, and streak artifact were assessed and scored for each image set in the transverse, dorsal, and sagittal planes. The use of general anesthesia did not significantly affect the diagnostic quality of images. No motion artifact was observed in any CT image. Streak artifact was significantly increased in scans performed in the transverse orientation but not in the dorsal orientation or sagittal orientation and did not affect the diagnostic quality of the images. Contrast enhancement did not significantly enhance the visibility of any ocular or orbital structures. Diagnostic CT images of normal ocular and orbital structures can be acquired without the use of general anesthesia in the cat. © 2012 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

Effect of care management program structure on implementation: a normalization process theory analysis.

PubMed

Holtrop, Jodi Summers; Potworowski, Georges; Fitzpatrick, Laurie; Kowalk, Amy; Green, Lee A

2016-08-15

Care management in primary care can be effective in helping patients with chronic disease improve their health status, however, primary care practices are often challenged with implementation. Further, there are different ways to structure care management that may make implementation more or less successful. Normalization process theory (NPT) provides a means of understanding how a new complex intervention can become routine (normalized) in practice. In this study, we used NPT to understand how care management structure affected how well care management became routine in practice. Data collection involved semi-structured interviews and observations conducted at 25 practices in five physician organizations in Michigan, USA. Practices were selected to reflect variation in physician organizations, type of care management program, and degree of normalization. Data were transcribed, qualitatively coded and analyzed, initially using an editing approach and then a template approach with NPT as a guiding framework. Seventy interviews and 25 observations were completed. Two key structures for care management organization emerged: practice-based care management where the care managers were embedded in the practice as part of the practice team; and centralized care management where the care managers worked independently of the practice work flow and was located outside the practice. There were differences in normalization of care management across practices. Practice-based care management was generally better normalized as compared to centralized care management. Differences in normalization were well explained by the NPT, and in particular the collective action construct. When care managers had multiple and flexible opportunities for communication (interactional workability), had the requisite knowledge, skills, and personal characteristics (skill set workability), and the organizational support and resources (contextual integration), a trusting professional relationship (relational integration) developed between practice providers and staff and the care manager. When any of these elements were missing, care management implementation appeared to be affected negatively. Although care management can introduce many new changes into delivery of clinical practice, implementing it successfully as a new complex intervention is possible. NPT can be helpful in explaining differences in implementing a new care management program with a view to addressing them during implementation planning.

The influence of a reverse-reactivated normal fault on natural fracture geometries and relative chronologies at Castle Cove, Otway Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debenham, Natalie; King, Rosalind C.; Holford, Simon P.

2018-07-01

Despite the ubiquity of normal faults that have undergone compressional inversion, documentation of the structural history of natural fractures around these structures is limited. In this paper, we investigate the geometries and relative chronologies of natural fractures adjacent to a reverse-reactivated normal fault, the Castle Cove Fault in the Otway Basin, southeast Australia. Local variations in strain resulted in greater deformation within the fault damage zone closer to the fault. Structural mapping within the damage zone reveals a complex tectonic history recording both regional and local perturbations in stress and a total of 11 fracture sets were identified, with three sets geometrically related to the Castle Cove Fault. The remaining fracture sets formed in response to local stresses at Castle Cove. Rifting in the late Cretaceous resulted in normal movement of the Castle Cove Fault and associated rollover folding, and the formation of the largest fracture set. Reverse-reactivation of the fault and associated anticlinal folding occurred during late Miocene to Pliocene compression. Rollover folding may have provided structural traps if seals were not breached by fractures, however anticlinal folding likely post-dated the main episodes of hydrocarbon generation and migration in the region. This study highlights the need to conduct careful reconstruction of the structural histories of fault zones that experienced complex reactivation histories when attempting to define off-fault fluid flow properties.

Compact Representations of Extended Causal Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

get a yet more compact representation by assuming that, by default , it is typical for the variables to obey the structural equations. Finally, in...Halpern and Hitchcock (2011), is to incorporate considerations about about defaults , typicality, and normality. “Normality” and its cognates (“normal...atypical to violate it. 17 Variables typically obey the structural equations. Thus, it is often far more efficient to assume this holds by default

Structural and Metabolic Correlates of Episodic Memory in Relation to the Depth of Encoding in Normal Aging

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kalpouzos, Gregoria; Chetelat, Gael; Landeau, Brigitte; Clochon, Patrice; Viader, Fausto; Eustache, Francis; Desgranges, Beatrice

2009-01-01

This study set out to establish the relationship between changes in episodic memory retrieval in normal aging on the one hand and gray matter volume and [superscript 18]FDG uptake on the other. Structural MRI, resting-state [superscript 18]FDG-PET, and an episodic memory task manipulating the depth of encoding and the retention interval were…

Vibration-based structural health monitoring using adaptive statistical method under varying environmental condition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, Seung-Seop; Jung, Hyung-Jo

2014-03-01

It is well known that the dynamic properties of a structure such as natural frequencies depend not only on damage but also on environmental condition (e.g., temperature). The variation in dynamic characteristics of a structure due to environmental condition may mask damage of the structure. Without taking the change of environmental condition into account, false-positive or false-negative damage diagnosis may occur so that structural health monitoring becomes unreliable. In order to address this problem, an approach to construct a regression model based on structural responses considering environmental factors has been usually used by many researchers. The key to success of this approach is the formulation between the input and output variables of the regression model to take into account the environmental variations. However, it is quite challenging to determine proper environmental variables and measurement locations in advance for fully representing the relationship between the structural responses and the environmental variations. One alternative (i.e., novelty detection) is to remove the variations caused by environmental factors from the structural responses by using multivariate statistical analysis (e.g., principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis, etc.). The success of this method is deeply depending on the accuracy of the description of normal condition. Generally, there is no prior information on normal condition during data acquisition, so that the normal condition is determined by subjective perspective with human-intervention. The proposed method is a novel adaptive multivariate statistical analysis for monitoring of structural damage detection under environmental change. One advantage of this method is the ability of a generative learning to capture the intrinsic characteristics of the normal condition. The proposed method is tested on numerically simulated data for a range of noise in measurement under environmental variation. A comparative study with conventional methods (i.e., fixed reference scheme) demonstrates the superior performance of the proposed method for structural damage detection.

Novel Coupled Thermochronometric and Geochemical Investigation of Blind Geothermal Resources in Fault-Controlled Dilational Corners

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stockli, Daniel

Geothermal plays in extensional and transtensional tectonic environments have long been a major target in the exploration of geothermal resources and the Dixie Valley area has served as a classic natural laboratory for this type of geothermal plays. In recent years, the interactions between normal faults and strike-slip faults, acting either as strain relay zones have attracted significant interest in geothermal exploration as they commonly result in fault-controlled dilational corners with enhanced fracture permeability and thus have the potential to host blind geothermal prospects. Structural ambiguity, complications in fault linkage, etc. often make the selection for geothermal exploration drilling targetsmore » complicated and risky. Though simplistic, the three main ingredients of a viable utility-grade geothermal resource are heat, fluids, and permeability. Our new geological mapping and fault kinematic analysis derived a structural model suggest a two-stage structural evolution with (a) middle Miocene N -S trending normal faults (faults cutting across the modern range), - and tiling Olio-Miocene volcanic and sedimentary sequences (similar in style to East Range and S Stillwater Range). NE-trending range-front normal faulting initiated during the Pliocene and are both truncating N-S trending normal faults and reactivating some former normal faults in a right-lateral fashion. Thus the two main fundamental differences to previous structural models are (1) N-S trending faults are pre-existing middle Miocene normal faults and (2) these faults are reactivated in a right-later fashion (NOT left-lateral) and kinematically linked to the younger NE-trending range-bounding normal faults (Pliocene in age). More importantly, this study provides the first constraints on transient fluid flow through the novel application of apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) and 4He/ 3He thermochronometry in the geothermally active Dixie Valley area in Nevada.« less

Fundamental Study on the Development of Structural Lightweight Concrete by Using Normal Coarse Aggregate and Foaming Agent

PubMed Central

Lee, Han-Seung; Ismail, Mohamed A.; Woo, Young-Je; Min, Tae-Beom; Choi, Hyun-Kook

2014-01-01

Structural lightweight concrete (SLWC) has superior properties that allow the optimization of super tall structure systems for the process of design. Because of the limited supply of lightweight aggregates in Korea, the development of structural lightweight concrete without lightweight aggregates is needed. The physical and mechanical properties of specimens that were cast using normal coarse aggregates and different mixing ratios of foaming agent to evaluate the possibility of creating structural lightweight concrete were investigated. The results show that the density of SLWC decreases as the dosage of foaming agent increases up to a dosage of 0.6%, as observed by SEM. It was also observed that the foaming agent induced well separated pores, and that the size of the pores ranged from 50 to 100 μm. Based on the porosity of concrete specimens with foaming agent, compressive strength values of structural lightweight foam concrete (SLWFC) were obtained. It was also found that the estimated values from proposed equations for compressive strength and modulus of elasticity of SLWFC, and values obtained by actual measurements were in good agreement. Thus, this study confirms that new structural lightweight concrete using normal coarse aggregates and foaming agent can be developed successfully. PMID:28788691

Modeling protein conformational changes by iterative fitting of distance constraints using reoriented normal modes.

PubMed

Zheng, Wenjun; Brooks, Bernard R

2006-06-15

Recently we have developed a normal-modes-based algorithm that predicts the direction of protein conformational changes given the initial state crystal structure together with a small number of pairwise distance constraints for the end state. Here we significantly extend this method to accurately model both the direction and amplitude of protein conformational changes. The new protocol implements a multisteps search in the conformational space that is driven by iteratively minimizing the error of fitting the given distance constraints and simultaneously enforcing the restraint of low elastic energy. At each step, an incremental structural displacement is computed as a linear combination of the lowest 10 normal modes derived from an elastic network model, whose eigenvectors are reorientated to correct for the distortions caused by the structural displacements in the previous steps. We test this method on a list of 16 pairs of protein structures for which relatively large conformational changes are observed (root mean square deviation >3 angstroms), using up to 10 pairwise distance constraints selected by a fluctuation analysis of the initial state structures. This method has achieved a near-optimal performance in almost all cases, and in many cases the final structural models lie within root mean square deviation of 1 approximately 2 angstroms from the native end state structures.

Understanding how the aggregation structure of starch affects its gastrointestinal digestion rate and extent.

PubMed

Chen, Pei; Wang, Kai; Kuang, Qirong; Zhou, Sumei; Wang, Dazheng; Liu, Xingxun

2016-06-01

Regulating the starch gastrointestinal digestion rate by control of its aggregation structure is an effective way, but the mechanism is still not clear. Multi-scale structure of waxy and normal wheat starches were studied by confocal laser scanning and scanning electron microscopes, as well as wide-angle and small-angle X-ray techniques in this study. In vitro digestion kinetics of those two starches and structure-digestion relationship were also discussed. Both waxy and normal starches show A-type diffraction pattern, but waxy variety shows a slightly higher crystallinity. Small-angle X-ray scattering results show that waxy wheat starch has higher scattering peak intensity (Imax) and a larger crystallinity lamellar repeat distance (Lp) compared with the normal wheat starch. We suggested that the higher digestion rate of waxy starch at initial stage is mainly due to more small-size particles, but the higher crystallinity and the larger crystalline lamellar size limit the digestion extent. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Strelka: accurate somatic small-variant calling from sequenced tumor-normal sample pairs.

PubMed

Saunders, Christopher T; Wong, Wendy S W; Swamy, Sajani; Becq, Jennifer; Murray, Lisa J; Cheetham, R Keira

2012-07-15

Whole genome and exome sequencing of matched tumor-normal sample pairs is becoming routine in cancer research. The consequent increased demand for somatic variant analysis of paired samples requires methods specialized to model this problem so as to sensitively call variants at any practical level of tumor impurity. We describe Strelka, a method for somatic SNV and small indel detection from sequencing data of matched tumor-normal samples. The method uses a novel Bayesian approach which represents continuous allele frequencies for both tumor and normal samples, while leveraging the expected genotype structure of the normal. This is achieved by representing the normal sample as a mixture of germline variation with noise, and representing the tumor sample as a mixture of the normal sample with somatic variation. A natural consequence of the model structure is that sensitivity can be maintained at high tumor impurity without requiring purity estimates. We demonstrate that the method has superior accuracy and sensitivity on impure samples compared with approaches based on either diploid genotype likelihoods or general allele-frequency tests. The Strelka workflow source code is available at ftp://strelka@ftp.illumina.com/. csaunders@illumina.com

Normalization of Reverse Transcription Quantitative PCR Data During Ageing in Distinct Cerebral Structures.

PubMed

Bruckert, G; Vivien, D; Docagne, F; Roussel, B D

2016-04-01

Reverse transcription quantitative-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become a routine method in many laboratories. Normalization of data from experimental conditions is critical for data processing and is usually achieved by the use of a single reference gene. Nevertheless, as pointed by the Minimum Information for Publication of Quantitative Real-Time PCR Experiments (MIQE) guidelines, several reference genes should be used for reliable normalization. Ageing is a physiological process that results in a decline of many expressed genes. Reliable normalization of RT-qPCR data becomes crucial when studying ageing. Here, we propose a RT-qPCR study from four mouse brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, striatum and cerebellum) at different ages (from 8 weeks to 22 months) in which we studied the expression of nine commonly used reference genes. With the use of two different algorithms, we found that all brain structures need at least two genes for a good normalization step. We propose specific pairs of gene for efficient data normalization in the four brain regions studied. These results underline the importance of reliable reference genes for specific brain regions in ageing.

Structure and function of conjugative pili: monoclonal antibodies as probes for structural variants of F pili.

PubMed Central

Grossman, T H; Frost, L S; Silverman, P M

1990-01-01

The lac-tra operon fusion plasmid pTG801 contains the known F plasmid DNA transfer (tra) genes required by Escherichia coli to elaborate functional F pili (T. Grossman and P. M. Silverman, J. Bacteriol. 171:650-656, 1989). Here, we show that these pili are actually structural variants of normal F pili and that the F plasmid must contain additional genes that affect pilus structure and function. We confirmed a previous report that two monoclonal antibodies that recognize epitopes at and near the amino terminus of F pilin do not decorate the sides of normal F pili, as determined by immunogold electron microscopy. However, both antibodies laterally decorated pTG801 pili. The epitope for one of the antibodies has been shown to include the amino-terminal acetyl group of F pilin, which must therefore also be present on pTG801 pilin. Normal antibody staining was restored to pTG801 pili when cells contained, in addition to pTG801, the compatible plasmid pRS31, which must therefore include at least one gene affecting F-pilus structure. One candidate, traD, was excluded as the sole such gene, since traD+ derivatives of a pTG801 strain still elaborated pili that could be laterally decorated with antibody. Moreover, although traD alone restored RNA bacteriophage R17 infectivity to pTG801 cells, as expected, it did not mimic pRS31 in restoring to pTG801 pili other characteristics of normal F pili. We conclude that pRS31 contains as yet uncharacterized genes required for elaboration of structurally normal F pili. Finally, we identified vesicular material, especially abundant in cultures of pTG801 transformants, that stained heavily with the anti-F-pilin monoclonal antibodies. This material may reflect the inner membrane pool of F pilin. Images FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 PMID:1689713

Fluid Structural Analysis of Human Cerebral Aneurysm Using Their Own Wall Mechanical Properties

PubMed Central

Valencia, Alvaro; Burdiles, Patricio; Ignat, Miguel; Mura, Jorge; Rivera, Rodrigo; Sordo, Juan

2013-01-01

Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) simulations, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation, and Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations were carried out in an anatomically realistic model of a saccular cerebral aneurysm with the objective of quantifying the effects of type of simulation on principal fluid and solid mechanics results. Eight CSD simulations, one CFD simulation, and four FSI simulations were made. The results allowed the study of the influence of the type of material elements in the solid, the aneurism's wall thickness, and the type of simulation on the modeling of a human cerebral aneurysm. The simulations use their own wall mechanical properties of the aneurysm. The more complex simulation was the FSI simulation completely coupled with hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin material, normal internal pressure, and normal variable thickness. The FSI simulation coupled in one direction using hyperelastic Mooney-Rivlin material, normal internal pressure, and normal variable thickness is the one that presents the most similar results with respect to the more complex FSI simulation, requiring one-fourth of the calculation time. PMID:24151523

Subsurface structure identification uses derivative analyses of the magnetic data in Candi Umbul-Telomoyo geothermal prospect area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Septyasari, U.; Niasari, S. W.; Maghfira, P. D.

2018-04-01

Telomoyo geothermal prospect area is located in Central Java, Indonesia. One of the manifestations around Telomoyo is a warm spring, called Candi Umbul. The hydrothermal fluids from the manifestation could be from the subsurface flowing up through geological structures. The previous research about 2D magnetic modeling in Candi Umbul showed that there was a normal fault with strike/dip N60°E/45° respectively. This research aims to know the distance boundary and the kind of the geological structure in the study area. We also compared the geological structure direction based on the geologic map and the derivative maps. We used derivative analyses of the magnetic data, i.e. First Horizontal Derivative (FHD) which is the rate of change of the horizontal gradient in the horizontal direction. FHD indicates the boundaries of the geological structure. We also used Second Vertical Derivative (SVD) which is the rate of change of the vertical gradient in the vertical direction. SVD can reveal normal fault or thrust fault. The FHD and SVD maps show that the geological structure boundary has the same direction with the north west-south east geological structure. The geological structure boundary is in 486 m of the local distance. Our result confirms that there is a normal fault in the study area.

A computed tomography-based spatial normalization for the analysis of [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography of the brain.

PubMed

Cho, Hanna; Kim, Jin Su; Choi, Jae Yong; Ryu, Young Hoon; Lyoo, Chul Hyoung

2014-01-01

We developed a new computed tomography (CT)-based spatial normalization method and CT template to demonstrate its usefulness in spatial normalization of positron emission tomography (PET) images with [(18)F] fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET studies in healthy controls. Seventy healthy controls underwent brain CT scan (120 KeV, 180 mAs, and 3 mm of thickness) and [(18)F] FDG PET scans using a PET/CT scanner. T1-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images were acquired for all subjects. By averaging skull-stripped and spatially-normalized MR and CT images, we created skull-stripped MR and CT templates for spatial normalization. The skull-stripped MR and CT images were spatially normalized to each structural template. PET images were spatially normalized by applying spatial transformation parameters to normalize skull-stripped MR and CT images. A conventional perfusion PET template was used for PET-based spatial normalization. Regional standardized uptake values (SUV) measured by overlaying the template volume of interest (VOI) were compared to those measured with FreeSurfer-generated VOI (FSVOI). All three spatial normalization methods underestimated regional SUV values by 0.3-20% compared to those measured with FSVOI. The CT-based method showed slightly greater underestimation bias. Regional SUV values derived from all three spatial normalization methods were correlated significantly (p < 0.0001) with those measured with FSVOI. CT-based spatial normalization may be an alternative method for structure-based spatial normalization of [(18)F] FDG PET when MR imaging is unavailable. Therefore, it is useful for PET/CT studies with various radiotracers whose uptake is expected to be limited to specific brain regions or highly variable within study population.

Use of Brain MRI Atlases to Determine Boundaries of Age-Related Pathology: The Importance of Statistical Method

PubMed Central

Dickie, David Alexander; Job, Dominic E.; Gonzalez, David Rodriguez; Shenkin, Susan D.; Wardlaw, Joanna M.

2015-01-01

Introduction Neurodegenerative disease diagnoses may be supported by the comparison of an individual patient’s brain magnetic resonance image (MRI) with a voxel-based atlas of normal brain MRI. Most current brain MRI atlases are of young to middle-aged adults and parametric, e.g., mean ±standard deviation (SD); these atlases require data to be Gaussian. Brain MRI data, e.g., grey matter (GM) proportion images, from normal older subjects are apparently not Gaussian. We created a nonparametric and a parametric atlas of the normal limits of GM proportions in older subjects and compared their classifications of GM proportions in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Methods Using publicly available brain MRI from 138 normal subjects and 138 subjects diagnosed with AD (all 55–90 years), we created: a mean ±SD atlas to estimate parametrically the percentile ranks and limits of normal ageing GM; and, separately, a nonparametric, rank order-based GM atlas from the same normal ageing subjects. GM images from AD patients were then classified with respect to each atlas to determine the effect statistical distributions had on classifications of proportions of GM in AD patients. Results The parametric atlas often defined the lower normal limit of the proportion of GM to be negative (which does not make sense physiologically as the lowest possible proportion is zero). Because of this, for approximately half of the AD subjects, 25–45% of voxels were classified as normal when compared to the parametric atlas; but were classified as abnormal when compared to the nonparametric atlas. These voxels were mainly concentrated in the frontal and occipital lobes. Discussion To our knowledge, we have presented the first nonparametric brain MRI atlas. In conditions where there is increasing variability in brain structure, such as in old age, nonparametric brain MRI atlases may represent the limits of normal brain structure more accurately than parametric approaches. Therefore, we conclude that the statistical method used for construction of brain MRI atlases should be selected taking into account the population and aim under study. Parametric methods are generally robust for defining central tendencies, e.g., means, of brain structure. Nonparametric methods are advisable when studying the limits of brain structure in ageing and neurodegenerative disease. PMID:26023913

Bioinspired artificial photonic nanoarchitecture using the elytron of the beetle Trigonophorus rothschildi varians as a ‘blueprint’

PubMed Central

Biró, L. P.; Kertész, K.; Horváth, E.; Márk, G. I.; Molnár, G.; Vértesy, Z.; Tsai, J.-F.; Kun, A.; Bálint, Zs.; Vigneron, J. P.

2010-01-01

An unusual, intercalated photonic nanoarchitecture was discovered in the elytra of Taiwanese Trigonophorus rothschildi varians beetles. It consists of a multilayer structure intercalated with a random distribution of cylindrical holes normal to the plane of the multilayer. The nanoarchitectures were characterized structurally by scanning electron microscopy and optically by normal incidence, integrated and goniometric reflectance measurements. They exhibit an unsaturated specular and saturated non-specular component of the reflected light. Bioinspired, artificial nanoarchitectures of similar structure and with similar properties were realized by drilling holes of submicron size in a multilayer structure, showing that such photonic nanoarchitectures of biological origin may constitute valuable blueprints for artificial photonic materials. PMID:19933221

Split-field FDTD method for oblique incidence study of periodic dispersive metallic structures.

PubMed

Baida, F I; Belkhir, A

2009-08-15

The study of periodic structures illuminated by a normally incident plane wave is a simple task that can be numerically simulated by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. On the contrary, for off-normal incidence, a widely modified algorithm must be developed in order to bypass the frequency dependence appearing in the periodic boundary conditions. After recently implementing this FDTD algorithm for pure dielectric materials, we here extend it to the study of metallic structures where dispersion can be described by analytical models. The accuracy of our code is demonstrated through comparisons with already-published results in the case of 1D and 3D structures.

Mosaic structure in epitaxial thin films having large lattice mismatch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srikant, V.; Speck, J. S.; Clarke, D. R.

1997-11-01

Epitaxial films having a large lattice mismatch with their substrate invariably form a mosaic structure of slightly misoriented sub-grains. The mosaic structure is usually characterized by its x-ray rocking curve on a surface normal reflection but this is limited to the out-of-plane component unless off-axis or transmission experiments are performed. A method is presented by which the in-plane component of the mosaic misorientation can be determined from the rocking curves of substrate normal and off-axis reflections. Results are presented for two crystallographically distinct heteroepitaxial systems, ZnO, AlN, and GaN (wurtzite crystal structure) on c-plane sapphire and MgO (rock salt crystal structure) on (001) GaAs. The differences in the mosaic structure of these films are attributed to the crystallographic nature of their lattice dislocations.

Separation system

DOEpatents

Rubin, Leslie S.

1986-01-01

A separation system for dewatering radioactive waste materials includes a disposal container, drive structure for receiving the container, and means for releasably attaching the container to the drive structure. Separation structure disposed in the container adjacent the inner surface of the side wall structure retains solids while allowing passage of liquids. Inlet port structure in the container top wall is normally closed by first valve structure that is centrifugally actuated to open the inlet port and discharge port structure at the container periphery receives liquid that passes through the separation structure and is normally closed by second valve structure that is centrifugally actuated to open the discharge ports. The container also includes coupling structure for releasable engagement with the centrifugal drive structure. Centrifugal force produced when the container is driven in rotation by the drive structure opens the valve structures, and radioactive waste material introduced into the container through the open inlet port is dewatered, and the waste is compacted. The ports are automatically closed by the valves when the container drum is not subjected to centrifugal force such that containment effectiveness is enhanced and exposure of personnel to radioactive materials is minimized.

On the morphometry of terrestrial shield volcanoes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grosse, Pablo; Kervyn, Matthieu

2016-04-01

Shield volcanoes are described as low angle edifices that have convex up topographic profiles and are built primarily by the accumulation of lava flows. This generic view of shields' morphology is based on a limited number of monogenetic shields from Iceland and Mexico, and a small set of large oceanic islands (Hawaii, Galapagos). Here, the morphometry of over 150 monogenetic and polygenetic shield volcanoes, identified inthe Global Volcanism Network database, are analysed quantitatively from 90-meter resolution DEMs using the MORVOLC algorithm. An additional set of 20 volcanoes identified as stratovolcanoes but having low slopes and being dominantly built up by accumulation of lava flows are documented for comparison. Results show that there is a large variation in shield size (volumes range from 0.1 to >1000 km3), profile shape (height/basal width ratios range from 0.01 to 0.1), flank slope gradients, elongation and summit truncation. Correlation and principal component analysis of the obtained quantitative database enables to identify 4 key morphometric descriptors: size, steepness, plan shape and truncation. Using these descriptors through clustering analysis, a new classification scheme is proposed. It highlights the control of the magma feeding system - either central, along a linear structure, or spatially diffuse - on the resulting shield volcano morphology. Genetic relationships and evolutionary trends between contrasted morphological end-members can be highlighted within this new scheme. Additional findings are that the Galapagos-type morphology with a central deep caldera and steep upper flanks are characteristic of other shields. A series of large oceanic shields have slopes systematically much steeper than the low gradients (<4-8°) generally attributed to large Hawaiian-type shields. Finally, the continuum of morphologies from flat shields to steeper complex volcanic constructs considered as stratovolcanoes calls for a revision of this oversimplified distinction, taking into account the lava/pyroclasts ratio and the spatial distribution of eruptive vents.

Cultured normal mammalian tissue and process

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodwin, Thomas J. (Inventor); Prewett, Tacey L. (Inventor); Wolf, David A. (Inventor); Spaulding, Glenn F. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

Normal mammalian tissue and the culturing process has been developed for the three groups of organ, structural and blood tissue. The cells are grown in vitro under microgravity culture conditions and form three dimensional cell aggregates with normal cell function. The microgravity culture conditions may be microgravity or simulated microgravity created in a horizontal rotating wall culture vessel.

Hybrid experimental/analytical models of structural dynamics - Creation and use for predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balmes, Etienne

1993-01-01

An original complete methodology for the construction of predictive models of damped structural vibrations is introduced. A consistent definition of normal and complex modes is given which leads to an original method to accurately identify non-proportionally damped normal mode models. A new method to create predictive hybrid experimental/analytical models of damped structures is introduced, and the ability of hybrid models to predict the response to system configuration changes is discussed. Finally a critical review of the overall methodology is made by application to the case of the MIT/SERC interferometer testbed.

Normal Modes Expose Active Sites in Enzymes.

PubMed

Glantz-Gashai, Yitav; Meirson, Tomer; Samson, Abraham O

2016-12-01

Accurate prediction of active sites is an important tool in bioinformatics. Here we present an improved structure based technique to expose active sites that is based on large changes of solvent accessibility accompanying normal mode dynamics. The technique which detects EXPOsure of active SITes through normal modEs is named EXPOSITE. The technique is trained using a small 133 enzyme dataset and tested using a large 845 enzyme dataset, both with known active site residues. EXPOSITE is also tested in a benchmark protein ligand dataset (PLD) comprising 48 proteins with and without bound ligands. EXPOSITE is shown to successfully locate the active site in most instances, and is found to be more accurate than other structure-based techniques. Interestingly, in several instances, the active site does not correspond to the largest pocket. EXPOSITE is advantageous due to its high precision and paves the way for structure based prediction of active site in enzymes.

Normal Modes Expose Active Sites in Enzymes

PubMed Central

Glantz-Gashai, Yitav; Samson, Abraham O.

2016-01-01

Accurate prediction of active sites is an important tool in bioinformatics. Here we present an improved structure based technique to expose active sites that is based on large changes of solvent accessibility accompanying normal mode dynamics. The technique which detects EXPOsure of active SITes through normal modEs is named EXPOSITE. The technique is trained using a small 133 enzyme dataset and tested using a large 845 enzyme dataset, both with known active site residues. EXPOSITE is also tested in a benchmark protein ligand dataset (PLD) comprising 48 proteins with and without bound ligands. EXPOSITE is shown to successfully locate the active site in most instances, and is found to be more accurate than other structure-based techniques. Interestingly, in several instances, the active site does not correspond to the largest pocket. EXPOSITE is advantageous due to its high precision and paves the way for structure based prediction of active site in enzymes. PMID:28002427

Density and spin modes in imbalanced normal Fermi gases from collisionless to hydrodynamic regime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narushima, Masato; Watabe, Shohei; Nikuni, Tetsuro

2018-03-01

We study the mass- and population-imbalance effect on density (in-phase) and spin (out-of-phase) collective modes in a two-component normal Fermi gas. By calculating the eigenmodes of the linearized Boltzmann equation as well as the density/spin dynamic structure factor, we show that mass- and population-imbalance effects offer a variety of collective mode crossover behaviors from collisionless to hydrodynamic regimes. The mass-imbalance effect shifts the crossover regime to the higher-temperature, and a significant peak of the spin dynamic structure factor emerges only in the collisionless regime. This is in contrast to the case of mass- and population-balanced normal Fermi gases, where the spin dynamic response is always absent. Although the population-imbalance effect does not shift the crossover regime, the spin dynamic structure factor survives both in the collisionless and hydrodynamic regimes.

Structure of Exhausts in Magnetic Reconnection with an X-line of Finite Extent

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shepherd, L. S.; Cassak, P. A.; Drake, J. F.

2017-10-20

We present quantitative predictions of the structure of reconnection exhausts in three-dimensional magnetic reconnection with an X-line of finite extent in the out-of-plane direction. Sasunov et al. showed that they have a tilted ribbon-like shape bounded by rotational discontinuities and tangential discontinuities. We show analytically and numerically that this prediction is largely correct. When there is an out-of-plane (guide) magnetic field, the presence of the upstream field that does not reconnect acts as a boundary condition in the normal direction, which forces the normal magnetic field to be zero outside the exhaust. This condition constrains the normal magnetic field insidemore » the exhaust to be small. Thus, rather than the ribbon tilting in the inflow direction, the exhaust remains collimated in the normal direction and is forced to expand nearly completely in the out-of-plane direction. This exhaust structure is in stark contrast to the two-dimensional picture of reconnection, where reconnected flux expands in the normal direction. We present analytical predictions for the structure of the exhausts in terms of upstream conditions. The predictions are confirmed using three-dimensional resistive-magnetohydrodynamic simulations with a finite-length X-line achieved using a localized (anomalous) resistivity. Implications to reconnection in the solar wind are discussed. In particular, the results can be used to estimate a lower bound for the extent of the X-line in the out-of-plane direction solely using single-spacecraft data taken downstream in the exhausts.« less

Expression of hemidesmosomal and extracellular matrix proteins by normal and malignant human prostate tissue.

PubMed Central

Nagle, R. B.; Hao, J.; Knox, J. D.; Dalkin, B. L.; Clark, V.; Cress, A. E.

1995-01-01

The progression of prostate carcinoma may be influenced by the biochemical nature of the basal lamina surrounding the primary carcinoma cells. As a first step toward understanding this process, the composition and structure of the basal lamina in normal prostate, prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and human carcinoma were determined. In addition, a comparison was made between the attachments of the normal basal cell to its underlying basal lamina and those made by primary prostate carcinoma. The normal basal cells form both focal adhesions and hemidesmosomal-like structures as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The normal basal cells exhibited a polarized distribution of hemidesmosomal associated proteins including BP180, BP230, HD1, plectin, laminin-gamma 2(B2t), collagen VII, and the corresponding integrin laminin receptors alpha 6 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 4. The expression and distribution pattern of these proteins were retained in the prostate intraepithelial neoplasia lesions. In contrast, the carcinoma cells uniformly lacked hemidesmosomal structures, the integrin alpha 6 beta 4, BP180, laminin-gamma 2 (B2t), and collagen VII but did express BP230 (30%), plectin, HD1 (15%), and the integrin laminin receptors alpha 3 beta 1 and alpha 6 beta 1. These results suggest that, although a detectable basal lamina structure is present in carcinoma, its composition and cellular attachments are abnormal. The loss of critical cellular attachments may play a role in influencing the progression potential of prostate carcinoma. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 PMID:7778688

System for determining the angle of impact of an object on a structure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prosser, William H. (Inventor); Gorman, Michael R. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A method for determining the angle of impact of an object on a thin-walled structure which determines the angle of impact through analysis of the acoustic waves which result when an object impacts a structure is presented. Transducers are placed on and in the surface of the structure which sense the wave caused in the structure by impact. The waves are recorded and saved for analysis. For source motion normal to the surface, the antisymmetric mode has a large amplitude while that of the symmetric mode is very small. As the source angle increases with respect to the surface normal, the symmetric mode amplitude increases while the antisymmetric mode amplitude decreases. Thus, the angle of impact is determined by measuring the relative amplitudes of these two lowest order modes.

Foveal shape and structure in a normal population.

PubMed

Tick, Sarah; Rossant, Florence; Ghorbel, Itebeddine; Gaudric, Alain; Sahel, José-Alain; Chaumet-Riffaud, Philippe; Paques, Michel

2011-07-29

The shape of the human fovea presents important but still poorly characterized variations. In this study, the variability of the shape and structure of normal foveae were examined. In a group of 110 eyes of 57 healthy adults, the shape and structure of the fovea were analyzed by automated segmentation of retinal layer on high-resolution optical coherence tomography scans. In an additional group of 10 normal eyes of 10 patients undergoing fluorescein angiography, the size of the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) was correlated to foveal shape. From the thickest to the thinnest fovea, there was a structural continuum ranging from a shallow pit with continuity of the inner nuclear layer (INL) over the center (seven eyes; 6.7%), to a complete separation of inner layers overlying a flat and thinner central outer nuclear layer (ONL; eight eyes; 7.3%). Central foveal thickness correlated inversely to the degree of inner layer separation and to the surface of the FAZ. Foveal structure strongly correlates with its neurovascular organization. The findings support a developmental model in which the size of the FAZ determines the extent of centrifugal migration of inner retinal layers, which counteracts in some way the centripetal packing of cone photoreceptors.

Imaging of normal and pathologic joint synovium using nonlinear optical microscopy as a potential diagnostic tool

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiwari, Nivedan; Chabra, Sanjay; Mehdi, Sheherbano; Sweet, Paula; Krasieva, Tatiana B.; Pool, Roy; Andrews, Brian; Peavy, George M.

2010-09-01

An estimated 1.3 million people in the United States suffer from rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA causes profound changes in the synovial membrane of joints, and without early diagnosis and intervention, progresses to permanent alterations in joint structure and function. The purpose of this study is to determine if nonlinear optical microscopy (NLOM) can utilize the natural intrinsic fluorescence properties of tissue to generate images that would allow visualization of the structural and cellular composition of fresh, unfixed normal and pathologic synovial tissue. NLOM is performed on rabbit knee joint synovial samples using 730- and 800-nm excitation wavelengths. Less than 30 mW of excitation power delivered with a 40×, 0.8-NA water immersion objective is sufficient for the visualization of synovial structures to a maximum depth of 70 μm without tissue damage. NLOM imaging of normal and pathologic synovial tissue reveals the cellular structure, synoviocytes, adipocytes, collagen, vascular structures, and differential characteristics of inflammatory infiltrates without requiring tissue processing or staining. Further study to evaluate the ability of NLOM to assess the characteristics of pathologic synovial tissue and its potential role for the management of disease is warranted.

Dependency Structures for Statistical Machine Translation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bach, Nguyen

2012-01-01

Dependency structures represent a sentence as a set of dependency relations. Normally the dependency structures from a tree connect all the words in a sentence. One of the most defining characters of dependency structures is the ability to bring long distance dependency between words to local dependency structures. Another the main attraction of…

Disruptions of brain structural network in end-stage renal disease patients with long-term hemodialysis and normal-appearing brain tissues.

PubMed

Chou, Ming-Chung; Ko, Chih-Hung; Chang, Jer-Ming; Hsieh, Tsyh-Jyi

2018-05-04

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis were demonstrated to exhibit silent and invisible white-matter alterations which would likely lead to disruptions of brain structural networks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the disruptions of brain structural network in ESRD patients. Thiry-three ESRD patients with normal-appearing brain tissues and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study and underwent both cognitive ability screening instrument (CASI) assessment and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition. Brain structural connectivity network was constructed using probabilistic tractography with automatic anatomical labeling template. Graph-theory analysis was performed to detect the alterations of node-strength, node-degree, node-local efficiency, and node-clustering coefficient in ESRD patients. Correlational analysis was performed to understand the relationship between network measures, CASI score, and dialysis duration. Structural connectivity, node-strength, node-degree, and node-local efficiency were significantly decreased, whereas node-clustering coefficient was significantly increased in ESRD patients as compared with healthy controls. The disrupted local structural networks were generally associated with common neurological complications of ESRD patients, but the correlational analysis did not reveal significant correlation between network measures, CASI score, and dialysis duration. Graph-theory analysis was helpful to investigate disruptions of brain structural network in ESRD patients with normal-appearing brain tissues. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

On the continuity of mean total normal stress in geometrical multiscale cardiovascular problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blanco, Pablo J., E-mail: pjblanco@lncc.br; INCT-MACC, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia em Medicina Assistida por Computação Científica, Petrópolis; Deparis, Simone, E-mail: simone.deparis@epfl.ch

2013-10-15

In this work an iterative strategy to implicitly couple dimensionally-heterogeneous blood flow models accounting for the continuity of mean total normal stress at interface boundaries is developed. Conservation of mean total normal stress in the coupling of heterogeneous models is mandatory to satisfy energetic consistency between them. Nevertheless, existing methodologies are based on modifications of the Navier–Stokes variational formulation, which are undesired when dealing with fluid–structure interaction or black box codes. The proposed methodology makes possible to couple one-dimensional and three-dimensional fluid–structure interaction models, enforcing the continuity of mean total normal stress while just imposing flow rate data or evenmore » the classical Neumann boundary data to the models. This is accomplished by modifying an existing iterative algorithm, which is also able to account for the continuity of the vessel area, when required. Comparisons are performed to assess differences in the convergence properties of the algorithms when considering the continuity of mean normal stress and the continuity of mean total normal stress for a wide range of flow regimes. Finally, examples in the physiological regime are shown to evaluate the importance, or not, of considering the continuity of mean total normal stress in hemodynamics simulations.« less

Functional Dynamics of PDZ Binding Domains: A Normal-Mode Analysis

PubMed Central

De Los Rios, Paolo; Cecconi, Fabio; Pretre, Anna; Dietler, Giovanni; Michielin, Olivier; Piazza, Francesco; Juanico, Brice

2005-01-01

Postsynaptic density-95/disks large/zonula occludens-1 (PDZ) domains are relatively small (80–120 residues) protein binding modules central in the organization of receptor clusters and in the association of cellular proteins. Their main function is to bind C-terminals of selected proteins that are recognized through specific amino acids in their carboxyl end. Binding is associated with a deformation of the PDZ native structure and is responsible for dynamical changes in regions not in direct contact with the target. We investigate how this deformation is related to the harmonic dynamics of the PDZ structure and show that one low-frequency collective normal mode, characterized by the concerted movements of different secondary structures, is involved in the binding process. Our results suggest that even minimal structural changes are responsible for communication between distant regions of the protein, in agreement with recent NMR experiments. Thus, PDZ domains are a very clear example of how collective normal modes are able to characterize the relation between function and dynamics of proteins, and to provide indications on the precursors of binding/unbinding events. PMID:15821164

A discriminative structural similarity measure and its application to video-volume registration for endoscope three-dimensional motion tracking.

PubMed

Luo, Xiongbiao; Mori, Kensaku

2014-06-01

Endoscope 3-D motion tracking, which seeks to synchronize pre- and intra-operative images in endoscopic interventions, is usually performed as video-volume registration that optimizes the similarity between endoscopic video and pre-operative images. The tracking performance, in turn, depends significantly on whether a similarity measure can successfully characterize the difference between video sequences and volume rendering images driven by pre-operative images. The paper proposes a discriminative structural similarity measure, which uses the degradation of structural information and takes image correlation or structure, luminance, and contrast into consideration, to boost video-volume registration. By applying the proposed similarity measure to endoscope tracking, it was demonstrated to be more accurate and robust than several available similarity measures, e.g., local normalized cross correlation, normalized mutual information, modified mean square error, or normalized sum squared difference. Based on clinical data evaluation, the tracking error was reduced significantly from at least 14.6 mm to 4.5 mm. The processing time was accelerated more than 30 frames per second using graphics processing unit.

Spin transport in normal metal/insulator/topological insulator coupled to ferromagnetic insulator structures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kondo, Kenji, E-mail: kkondo@es.hokudai.ac.jp

In this study, we investigate the spin transport in normal metal (NM)/insulator (I)/topological insulator (TI) coupled to ferromagnetic insulator (FI) structures. In particular, we focus on the barrier thickness dependence of the spin transport inside the bulk gap of the TI with FI. The TI with FI is described by two-dimensional (2D) Dirac Hamiltonian. The energy profile of the insulator is assumed to be a square with barrier height V and thickness d along the transport-direction. This structure behaves as a tunnel device for 2D Dirac electrons. The calculation is performed for the spin conductance with changing the barrier thicknessmore » and the components of magnetization of FI layer. It is found that the spin conductance decreases with increasing the barrier thickness. Also, the spin conductance is strongly dependent on the polar angle θ, which is defined as the angle between the axis normal to the FI and the magnetization of FI layer. These results indicate that the structures are promising candidates for novel tunneling magnetoresistance devices.« less

Relating normal vibrational modes to local vibrational modes with the help of an adiabatic connection scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zou, Wenli; Kalescky, Robert; Kraka, Elfi; Cremer, Dieter

2012-08-01

Information on the electronic structure of a molecule and its chemical bonds is encoded in the molecular normal vibrational modes. However, normal vibrational modes result from a coupling of local vibrational modes, which means that only the latter can provide detailed insight into bonding and other structural features. In this work, it is proven that the adiabatic internal coordinate vibrational modes of Konkoli and Cremer [Int. J. Quantum Chem. 67, 29 (1998)], 10.1002/(SICI)1097-461X(1998)67:1<29::AID-QUA3>3.0.CO;2-0 represent a unique set of local modes that is directly related to the normal vibrational modes. The missing link between these two sets of modes are the compliance constants of Decius, which turn out to be the reciprocals of the local mode force constants of Konkoli and Cremer. Using the compliance constants matrix, the local mode frequencies of any molecule can be converted into its normal mode frequencies with the help of an adiabatic connection scheme that defines the coupling of the local modes in terms of coupling frequencies and reveals how avoided crossings between the local modes lead to changes in the character of the normal modes.

Revealing retroperitoneal liposarcoma morphology using optical coherence tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carbajal, Esteban F.; Baranov, Stepan A.; Manne, Venu G. R.; Young, Eric D.; Lazar, Alexander J.; Lev, Dina C.; Pollock, Raphael E.; Larin, Kirill V.

2011-02-01

A new approach to distinguish normal fat, well-differentiated (WD), and dedifferentiated liposarcoma (LS) tumors is demonstrated, based on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT). OCT images show the same structures seen with conventional histological methods. Our visual grading analysis is supported by numerical analysis of observed structures for normal fat and WDLS samples. Further development could apply the real-time and high resolution advantages of OCT for use in liposarcoma diagnosis and clinical procedures.

Spectroscopic analysis of normal and neoplastic (WI-FTC) thyroid tissue.

PubMed

Depciuch, Joanna; Stanek-Widera, Agata; Lange, Dariusz; Biskup-Frużyńska, Magdalena; Stanek-Tarkowska, Jadwiga; Czarny, Wojciech; Cebulski, Jozef

2018-06-07

Thyroid cancer holds the first place of the malignant tumors of the endocrine system. One of the less common thyroid cancers is follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC), which is very difficult to diagnose because it gives the same image as adenoma, which is benign. Certainty of the diagnosis is gained only when FTC gives metastases. Therefore, it was decided to compare normal and neoplastic (FTC) thyroid tissues with Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The obtained FTIR spectra and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) allowed us to conclude that there are differences in the FTIR spectrum between normal tissues and those affected by cancer. In addition, the results indicate that there is a decrease in the number of functional groups that build cellular and tissue structures in tumoral tissues. The shifts of wave numbers corresponding to the protein and lipid function group vibrations, as well as the calculated second derivative of the FTIR spectra showed the structural changes in neoplastic tissues. Moreover, the deconvolution of the amide I massif indicates that in cancerous tissues the prevailing secondary structure is β-sheet structure, while in normal tissues it is α-helix. The obtained results allow us to conclude that infrared spectroscopy, in addition to providing information on the composition of tested samples, can be an excellent diagnostic tool contributing to understanding the FTC substrate. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Evaluation of Geometrically Nonlinear Reduced Order Models with Nonlinear Normal Modes

DOE PAGES

Kuether, Robert J.; Deaner, Brandon J.; Hollkamp, Joseph J.; ...

2015-09-15

Several reduced-order modeling strategies have been developed to create low-order models of geometrically nonlinear structures from detailed finite element models, allowing one to compute the dynamic response of the structure at a dramatically reduced cost. But, the parameters of these reduced-order models are estimated by applying a series of static loads to the finite element model, and the quality of the reduced-order model can be highly sensitive to the amplitudes of the static load cases used and to the type/number of modes used in the basis. Our paper proposes to combine reduced-order modeling and numerical continuation to estimate the nonlinearmore » normal modes of geometrically nonlinear finite element models. Not only does this make it possible to compute the nonlinear normal modes far more quickly than existing approaches, but the nonlinear normal modes are also shown to be an excellent metric by which the quality of the reduced-order model can be assessed. Hence, the second contribution of this work is to demonstrate how nonlinear normal modes can be used as a metric by which nonlinear reduced-order models can be compared. Moreover, various reduced-order models with hardening nonlinearities are compared for two different structures to demonstrate these concepts: a clamped–clamped beam model, and a more complicated finite element model of an exhaust panel cover.« less

Effect of substituents on prediction of TLC retention of tetra-dentate Schiff bases and their Copper(II) and Nickel(II) complexes.

PubMed

Stevanović, Nikola R; Perušković, Danica S; Gašić, Uroš M; Antunović, Vesna R; Lolić, Aleksandar Đ; Baošić, Rada M

2017-03-01

The objectives of this study were to gain insights into structure-retention relationships and to propose the model to estimating their retention. Chromatographic investigation of series of 36 Schiff bases and their copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes was performed under both normal- and reverse-phase conditions. Chemical structures of the compounds were characterized by molecular descriptors which are calculated from the structure and related to the chromatographic retention parameters by multiple linear regression analysis. Effects of chelation on retention parameters of investigated compounds, under normal- and reverse-phase chromatographic conditions, were analyzed by principal component analysis, quantitative structure-retention relationship and quantitative structure-activity relationship models were developed on the basis of theoretical molecular descriptors, calculated exclusively from molecular structure, and parameters of retention and lipophilicity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Substitution of the human αC region with the analogous chicken domain generates a fibrinogen with severely impaired lateral aggregation: fibrin monomers assemble into protofibrils but protofibrils do not assemble into fibers.†

PubMed Central

Ping, Lifang; Huang, Lihong; Cardinali, Barbara; Profumo, Aldo; Gorkun, Oleg V.; Lord, Susan T.

2011-01-01

Fibrin polymerization occurs in two steps: the assembly of fibrin monomers into protofibrils and the lateral aggregation of protofibrils into fibers. Here we describe a novel fibrinogen that apparently impairs only lateral aggregation. This variant is a hybrid, where the human αC region has been replaced with the homologous chicken region. Several experiments indicate this hybrid human-chicken (HC) fibrinogen has an overall structure similar to normal. Thrombin-catalyzed fibrinopeptide release from HC fibrinogen was normal. Plasmin digests of HC fibrinogen produced fragments that were similar to normal D and E; further, as with normal fibrinogen, the knob ‘A’ peptide, GPRP, reversed the plasmin cleavage associated with addition of EDTA. Dynamic light scattering and turbidity studies with HC fibrinogen showed polymerization was not normal. Whereas early small increases in hydrodynamic radius and absorbance paralleled the increases seen during the assembly of normal protofibrils, HC fibrinogen showed no dramatic increase in scattering as observed with normal lateral aggregation. To determine whether HC and normal fibrinogen could form a copolymer, we examined mixtures of these. Polymerization of normal fibrinogen was markedly changed by HC fibrinogen, as expected for mixed polymers. When the mixture contained 0.45 μM normal and 0.15 M HC fibrinogen, the initiation of lateral aggregation was delayed and the final fiber size was reduced relative to normal fibrinogen at 0.45 μM. Considered altogether our data suggest that HC fibrin monomers can assemble into protofibrils or protofibril-like structures but these either cannot assemble into fibers or assemble into very thin fibers. PMID:21932842

Medieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age Signatures in the Distribution of Modern Ocean Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gebbie, G.; Huybers, P. J.

2017-12-01

It is well established both that global temperatures have varied overthe last millenium and that the interior ocean reflects surfaceproperties inherited over these timescales. Signatures of theMedieval Warm Period and Little Ice Age are thus to be expected in themodern ocean state, though the magnitude of these effects and whetherthey are detectable is unclear. Analysis of changes in temperatureacross those obtained in the 1870s as part of the theH.M.S. Challenger expedition, the 1990s World Ocean CirculationExperiment, and recent Argo observations shows a consistent pattern:the upper ocean and Atlantic have warmed, but the oldest waters inthe deep Pacific appear to have cooled. The implications of pressureeffects on the H.M.S. Challenger thermometers and uncertainties indepth of observations are non-negligible but do not appear tofundamentally alter this pattern. Inversion of the modern hydrographyusing ocean transport estimates derived from passive tracer andradiocarbon observations indicates that deep Pacific cooling could bea vestige of the Medieval Warm Period, and that warming elsewhere reflects thecombined effects of emergence from the Little Ice Age and modernanthropogenic warming. Implications for longterm variations in oceanheat uptake and separating natural and anthropogenic contributions to themodern energy imbalance are discussed.

Joseph S. Weiner and the foundation of post-WW II human biology in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Little, Michael A; Collins, Kenneth J

2012-01-01

Both the United States and the United Kingdom experienced a transformation in the science of physical anthropology from the period before World War II until the post-war period. In the United States, Sherwood L. Washburn is credited with being a leading figure in this transformation. In the United Kingdom, two individuals were instrumental in bringing about a similar change in the profession. These were Joseph S. Weiner at the University of Oxford and Nigel Barnicot at the University of London, with Weiner playing the principal role as leader in what Washburn called the "New Physical Anthropology," that is, the application of evolutionary theory, the de-emphasis on race classification, and the application of the scientific method and experimental approaches to problem solving. Weiner's contributions to physical anthropology were broad-based--climatic and work physiology, paleoanthropology, and human variation--in what became known as human biology in the U.K. and human adaptability internationally. This biographical essay provides evidence for the significant influence of J.S. Weiner on the post-war development of human biology (biological or physical anthropology) inthe U.K. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

How does green technology influence CO2 emission in China?--An empirical research based on provincial data of China.

PubMed

Ding, Weina; Han, Botang; Zhao, Xin; Mazzanti, Massimiliano

2015-07-01

This paper investigates the role of green innovations aimed at reducing carbon dioxide emissions as a factor that compensates for growth and population effects. It has been shown from tests that the positive effect of green innovations on carbon emissions exists within a STIRPAT framework from a local perspective. The panel data is derived from China Statistical Yearbook and China Intellectual Property Office covered from 1999 to 2013. In addition,the static panel model was run to estimate the diversity among three typical regions of China. The main result shows that the green technology change has not played a dominant role yet in promoting environmental protection, while a scale effect (Affluence and Population)still prevails, although green patents show positive influences on the CO2 emission reduction inthe whole country as well as the East and West regions, except the Central region. Moreover, it turns out that the classical EKC hypothesis does stand in China, referring to the three regions with the inverted "U" shape. The analysis gives suggestions to the policy makers, which would support enlarging the investment scale on green patents and encourage international corporation with environmental related innovations.

Adsorption of arsenic(III) into modified lamellar Na-magadiite in aqueous medium-Thermodynamic of adsorption process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lima Guerra, Denis; Azevedo Pinto, Alane; Airoldi, Claudio

2008-12-15

Synthetic Na-magadiite sample was used for organofunctionalization process with N-propyldiethylenetrimethoxysilane and bis[3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl]tetrasulfide, after expanding the interlayer distance with polar organic solvents such as dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). The resulted materials were submitted to process of adsorption with arsenic solution at pH 2.0 and 298{+-}1 K. The adsorption isotherms were adjusted using a modified Langmuir equation with regression nonlinear; the net thermal effects obtained from calorimetric titration measurements were adjusted to a modified Langmuir equation. The adsorption process was exothermic ({delta}{sub int}H=-4.15-5.98 kJ mol{sup -1}) accompanied by increase in entropy ({delta}{sub int}S=41.32-62.20 J k{sup -1} mol{sup -1}) and Gibbs energy ({delta}{sub int}G=-22.44-24.56 kJmore » mol{sup -1}). The favorable values corroborate with the arsenic (III)/basic reactive centers interaction at the solid-liquid interface in the spontaneous process. - Grapical Abstract: The results suggest that the adsorption capacities increased with an increase of reactive basic centers in the pendant organic chains of the intercalated agent.« less

Storage nitrogen co-ordinates leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity in winter oilseed rape

PubMed Central

Liu, Tao; Ren, Tao; White, Philip J; Cong, Rihuan

2018-01-01

Abstract Storage nitrogen (N) is a buffer pool for maintaining leaf growth and synthesizing photosynthetic proteins, but the dynamics of its forms within the life cycle of a single leaf and how it is influenced by N supply remain poorly understood. A field experiment was conducted to estimate the influence of N supply on leaf growth, photosynthetic characteristics, and N partitioning inthe sixth leaf of winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) from emergence through senescence. Storage N content (Nstore) decreased gradually along with leaf expansion. The relative growth rate based on leaf area (RGRa) was positively correlated with Nstore during leaf expansion. The water-soluble protein form of storage N was the main N source for leaf expansion. After the leaves fully expanded, the net photosynthetic rate (An) followed a linear–plateau response to Nstore, with An stabilizing at the highest value above a threshold and declining below the threshold. Non-protein and SDS (detergent)-soluble protein forms of storage N were the main N sources for maintaining photosynthesis. For the leaf N economy, storage N is used for co-ordinating leaf expansion and photosynthetic capacity. N supply can improve Nstore, thereby promoting leaf growth and biomass. PMID:29669007

Characterization and Comparison of Control Units for Piezo Actuators to be used for Lorentz Force Compensation inth ILC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhattacharyya, Sampriti; Pilipenko, Roman; /Fermilab

2010-01-01

Superconducting accelerators, such as the International Linear Collider (ILC), rely on very high Q accelerating cavities to achieve high electric fields at low RF power. Such cavities have very narrow resonances: a few kHz with a 1.3GHz resonance frequency for the ILC. Several mechanical factors cause tune shifts much larger than this: pressure variations in the liquid helium bath; microphonics from pumps and other mechanical devices; and for a pulsed machine such as the ILC, Lorentz force detuning (pressure from the contained RF field). Simple passive stiffening is limited by many manufacturing and material considerations. Therefore, active tuning using piezomore » actuators is needed. Here we study a supply for their operation. Since commercial power amplifiers are expensive, we analyzed the characteristics of four power amplifiers: (iPZD) built by Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (Sezione di Pisa); and a DC-DC converter power supply built in Fermilab (Piezo Master); and two commercial amplifiers, Piezosystem jena and Piezomechanik. This paper presents an analysis and characterization of these amplifiers to understand the cost benefit and reliability when using in a large scale, pulsed beam accelerator like the ILC.« less

Should Creationism be Taught in the Public Schools?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pennock, Robert T.

This article discusses philosophicalarguments relevant to the question of teachingcreationism, especially with regard to developments inthe debate since the early 1990s.Section 1 reviews the newfactions within the creationist movement, and theoverlapping views from young earth to intelligentdesign creationism, as well as non-Christianvarieties. It also considers what are the relevantdifferences for the policy question for private,public schools, and for home schoolers, as well aspossible differences in what it means to teachcreationism. Sections 2 & 3 discuss the main legal argumentsthat have ruled in the public school case, as well asarguments from academic freedom, fairness, censorship,parental rights and majority rule. Section 4 evaluates theepistemological issues regarding competing claims oftruth, and the contention that excluding whatChristians know (Alvin Plantinga) amounts toviewpoint discrimination (Phillip Johnson). Section 5argues that religious protection arguments actuallyfavor excluding creationism more than including it. Section 6 considers the goals of education, especiallyDewey's views on science education, and what theseimply regarding the teaching of a theistic science. In Section 7, I review a new argument of Alvin Plantingabased upon a purported Rawlsian basic right of aparent not to have her children taught anything thatviolates her comprehensive beliefs, and show whyRawlsian agents would reject it.

Singing as a Therapeutic Agent, inThe Etude, 1891-1949.

PubMed

Hunter

1999-01-01

The Etude music magazine, founded by Theodore Presser, was one of a number of popular music magazines published in the years prior to the establishment of the music therapy profession in 1950. During its publication run from 1883 to 1957, over 100 music therapy related articles appeared, including 13 on the health benefits of singing published between 1891 and 1949. Written by authors with diverse backgrounds, such as the famous Battle Creek, Michigan physician John Harvey Kellogg and Boston music critic Louis C. Elson, the articles contained consistent and adamant support regarding the health benefits of singing. The advantages described were both physical and psychological, and were recommended prophylactically for well persons and therapeutically for ill persons. Although the articles varied in perspective, from philosophical to theoretical to pedagogical, there is a consistent holistic medicine theme that appeared almost ahead of its time and no doubt linked to the push for vocal music education in that era. The importance of The Etude in promulgating ideas that helped shape the early practice of music therapy should not be underestimated. For much of its publication run The Etude was the largest music periodical in print, reaching its peak circulation of 250,000 copies per month in 1924.

The use of a GIS for the identification of geologic structures in the region of Santa María Amajac, Hidalgo, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casas, José C. Escamilla; Muñetón, Gustavo Murillo; Piñán-Llamas, Aránzazu; López, Salvador Cruz

2008-05-01

A prominent semicircular structure bounded by circular normal faults and a northeast-southwest trending, active normal fault are the main structures identified in Santa Maria Amajac, south central Hidalgo, Mexico, in the Trans Mexican Volcanic Belt. Fieldwork, assisted by a Geographic Information System helped to refine the traces of the identified geologic structures. The field evidences supports our hypothesis that the lacustrine deposits in the area are associated with the evolution of a possible volcanic collapse caldera. Our results are the base for a geological risk map and will shed light on the understanding of the mechanisms that governed the evolution of the suspect collapse caldera.

Evaluation of interlayer interfacial stiffness and layer wave velocity of multilayered structures by ultrasonic spectroscopy.

PubMed

Ishii, Yosuke; Biwa, Shiro

2014-07-01

An ultrasonic evaluation procedure for the interlayer interfacial normal stiffness and the intralayer longitudinal wave velocity of multilayered plate-like structures is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the amplitude reflection spectrum of ultrasonic wave at normal incidence to a layered structure with spring-type interlayer interfaces, it is shown that the interfacial normal stiffness and the longitudinal wave velocity in the layers can be simultaneously evaluated from the frequencies of local maxima and minima of the spectrum provided that all interfaces and layers have the same properties. The effectiveness of the proposed procedure is investigated from the perspective of the sensitivity of local extremal frequencies of the reflection spectrum. The feasibility of the proposed procedure is also investigated when the stiffness of each interface is subjected to small random fluctuations about a certain average value. The proposed procedure is applied to a 16-layered cross-ply carbon-fiber-reinforced composite laminate. The normal stiffness of resin-rich interfaces and the longitudinal wave velocity of plies in the thickness direction evaluated from the experimental reflection spectrum are shown to be consistent with simple theoretical estimations.

Tertiary extension and mineral deposits, southwestern U.S.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rehrig, William A.; Hardy, James.J.

1996-01-01

Starting in Las Vegas, we will traverse through many of the geometric elements and complexities of hanging wall deformation above the regional detachment systems of the Colorado River extensional terrane. We will study the interaction of normal faults as arranged in regional, crustal-scale mega-domains and the bounding structures that separate these tilt domains. As we progress through the classic Eldorado Mountains-Hoover Dam region, where many of the ideas of listric normal faulting were first popularized, we will see both the real rocks and the historic rationale for their deformation. By examining the listric versus domino models for normal faulting, we will utilize different geometric techniques for determining the depth to the detachment structures and percent extension. Continuing further south toward southernmost Nevada, we will cross the accommodation zone that separates the Lake Mead and Whipple dip domains and further descend to deeper structural levels to examine lower levels of the major normal faults and their tilting of upper-crustal blocks and associated offset along the regional detachment faults. Fluid flow within the shattered fault zones and its relationship to the 3-D geometries of the fault surfaces will be studied both along the faults and within the hydrothermally altered and mineralized wallrocks.

Tumor formation of prostate cancer cells influenced by stromal cells from the transitional or peripheral zones of the normal prostate

PubMed Central

Zhao, Fu-Jun; Han, Bang-Min; Yu, Sheng-Qiang; Xia, Shu-Jie

2009-01-01

This study was designed to investigate the different involvements of prostatic stromal cells from the normal transitional zone (TZ) or peripheral zone (PZ) in the carcinogenesis of prostate cancer (PCa) epithelial cells (PC-3) in vitro and in vivo co-culture models. Ultra-structures and gene expression profiles of primary cultures of human prostatic stromal cells from the normal TZ or PZ were analyzed by electron microscopy and microarray analysis. In vitro and in vivo co-culture models composed of normal TZ or PZ stromal cells and human PCa PC-3 cells were established. We assessed tumor growth and weight in the in vivo nude mice model. There are morphological and ultra-structural differences in stromal cells from TZ and PZ of the normal prostate. In all, 514 differentially expressed genes were selected by microarray analysis; 483 genes were more highly expressed in stromal cells from TZ and 31 were more highly expressed in those from PZ. Co-culture with PZ stromal cells and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) increased the tumor growth of PC-3 cells in vitro and in vivo, as well as Bcl-2 expression. On the other hand, stromal cells of TZ suppressed PC-3 cell tumor growth in the mouse model. We conclude that ultra-structures and gene expression differ between the stromal cells from TZ or PZ of the normal prostate, and stroma–epithelium interactions from TZ or PZ might be responsible for the distinct zonal localization of prostate tumor formation. PMID:19122679

Deformation associated with continental normal faults

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Resor, Phillip G.

Deformation associated with normal fault earthquakes and geologic structures provide insights into the seismic cycle as it unfolds over time scales from seconds to millions of years. Improved understanding of normal faulting will lead to more accurate seismic hazard assessments and prediction of associated structures. High-precision aftershock locations for the 1995 Kozani-Grevena earthquake (Mw 6.5), Greece image a segmented master fault and antithetic faults. This three-dimensional fault geometry is typical of normal fault systems mapped from outcrop or interpreted from reflection seismic data and illustrates the importance of incorporating three-dimensional fault geometry in mechanical models. Subsurface fault slip associated with the Kozani-Grevena and 1999 Hector Mine (Mw 7.1) earthquakes is modeled using a new method for slip inversion on three-dimensional fault surfaces. Incorporation of three-dimensional fault geometry improves the fit to the geodetic data while honoring aftershock distributions and surface ruptures. GPS Surveying of deformed bedding surfaces associated with normal faulting in the western Grand Canyon reveals patterns of deformation that are similar to those observed by interferometric satellite radar interferometry (InSAR) for the Kozani Grevena earthquake with a prominent down-warp in the hanging wall and a lesser up-warp in the footwall. However, deformation associated with the Kozani-Grevena earthquake extends ˜20 km from the fault surface trace, while the folds in the western Grand Canyon only extend 500 m into the footwall and 1500 m into the hanging wall. A comparison of mechanical and kinematic models illustrates advantages of mechanical models in exploring normal faulting processes including incorporation of both deformation and causative forces, and the opportunity to incorporate more complex fault geometry and constitutive properties. Elastic models with antithetic or synthetic faults or joints in association with a master normal fault illustrate how these secondary structures influence the deformation in ways that are similar to fault/fold geometry mapped in the western Grand Canyon. Specifically, synthetic faults amplify hanging wall bedding dips, antithetic faults reduce dips, and joints act to localize deformation. The distribution of aftershocks in the hanging wall of the Kozani-Grevena earthquake suggests that secondary structures may accommodate strains associated with slip on a master fault during postseismic deformation.

[Effect of electroacupuncture on cellular structure of hippocampus in splenic asthenia pedo-rats].

PubMed

Yang, Zhuo-xin; Zhuo, Yuan-yuan; Yu, Hai-bo; Wang, Ning

2010-02-01

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on hippocampal structure in splenic asthenia pedo-rats. A total of 15 SD male rats were randomly assigned to normal control group (n=5), model group (n=5) and EA group (n=5). Splenic asthenic syndrome model was established by intragastric administration of rhubarb and intraperitoneal injection of Reserpine for 14 d. EA (1 mA, 3 Hz/iS Hz) was applied to bilateral "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Sanyinjiao" (SP 6) for 20 mm, once a day for 14 days. The cellular structure of hippocampus was observed by light microscope and transmission electron microscope. Optical microscopic observation showed that in normal control group, the cellular nucleus was distinct, and the granular cell layer well-arranged and tight. In model group, the intracellular space was widened, and the granular cell layer was out of order in the arrangement. In EA group, the celluldr nucleus and the granular cell layer were nearly normal. Results of the electronic microscope showed that cells in model group had a karyopyknosis with irregular appearance and clear incisure, and some of them presented dissolving and necrotic phenomena; and those in EA group were milder in injury, had nearly-normal nucleus with visible nucleoli and relatively-intact nuclear membrane. Regarding the cellular plasma, in comparison with rich normal organelles of control group, the mitochondria in model group were swelling, with vague, dissolved and broken cristae, while in EA group, majority of the organelles were well-kept, and slightly dissolved mitochondrial cristae found. In regard to the synaptic structure, in comparison with control group, synaptic apomorphosis and swelling mitochondria were found in model group While in EA group, milder swelling and hydropic degeneration were seen. Different from the distinct pre- and post-synaptic membrane and synaptic vesicles of control group, while those in EA group were nearly-normal. electroacupunture can effectively relieve splenasthenic syndrome induced pathohistological changes of neurons of the hippocampus in the rat.

A normal mode treatment of semi-diurnal body tides on an aspherical, rotating and anelastic Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lau, Harriet C. P.; Yang, Hsin-Ying; Tromp, Jeroen; Mitrovica, Jerry X.; Latychev, Konstantin; Al-Attar, David

2015-08-01

Normal mode treatments of the Earth's body tide response were developed in the 1980s to account for the effects of Earth rotation, ellipticity, anelasticity and resonant excitation within the diurnal band. Recent space-geodetic measurements of the Earth's crustal displacement in response to luni-solar tidal forcings have revealed geographical variations that are indicative of aspherical deep mantle structure, thus providing a novel data set for constraining deep mantle elastic and density structure. In light of this, we make use of advances in seismic free oscillation literature to develop a new, generalized normal mode theory for the tidal response within the semi-diurnal and long-period tidal band. Our theory involves a perturbation method that permits an efficient calculation of the impact of aspherical structure on the tidal response. In addition, we introduce a normal mode treatment of anelasticity that is distinct from both earlier work in body tides and the approach adopted in free oscillation seismology. We present several simple numerical applications of the new theory. First, we compute the tidal response of a spherically symmetric, non-rotating, elastic and isotropic Earth model and demonstrate that our predictions match those based on standard Love number theory. Second, we compute perturbations to this response associated with mantle anelasticity and demonstrate that the usual set of seismic modes adopted for this purpose must be augmented by a family of relaxation modes to accurately capture the full effect of anelasticity on the body tide response. Finally, we explore aspherical effects including rotation and we benchmark results from several illustrative case studies of aspherical Earth structure against independent finite-volume numerical calculations of the semi-diurnal body tide response. These tests confirm the accuracy of the normal mode methodology to at least the level of numerical error in the finite-volume predictions. They also demonstrate that full coupling of normal modes, rather than group coupling, is necessary for accurate predictions of the body tide response.

14 CFR 23.572 - Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... principal structural element, and that the remaining structure is able to withstand a static ultimate load... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES... experience: (1) A fatigue strength investigation in which the structure is shown by tests, or by analysis...

14 CFR 23.571 - Metallic pressurized cabin structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure... structure is shown by tests, or by analysis supported by test evidence, to be able to withstand the repeated... is shown by analysis, tests, or both that catastrophic failure of the structure is not probable after...

14 CFR 23.572 - Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... principal structural element, and that the remaining structure is able to withstand a static ultimate load... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES... experience: (1) A fatigue strength investigation in which the structure is shown by tests, or by analysis...

14 CFR 23.572 - Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... principal structural element, and that the remaining structure is able to withstand a static ultimate load... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES... experience: (1) A fatigue strength investigation in which the structure is shown by tests, or by analysis...

14 CFR 23.571 - Metallic pressurized cabin structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure... structure is shown by tests, or by analysis supported by test evidence, to be able to withstand the repeated... is shown by analysis, tests, or both that catastrophic failure of the structure is not probable after...

14 CFR 23.571 - Metallic pressurized cabin structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure... structure is shown by tests, or by analysis supported by test evidence, to be able to withstand the repeated... is shown by analysis, tests, or both that catastrophic failure of the structure is not probable after...

14 CFR 23.571 - Metallic pressurized cabin structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure... structure is shown by tests, or by analysis supported by test evidence, to be able to withstand the repeated... is shown by analysis, tests, or both that catastrophic failure of the structure is not probable after...

14 CFR 23.572 - Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... principal structural element, and that the remaining structure is able to withstand a static ultimate load... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES... experience: (1) A fatigue strength investigation in which the structure is shown by tests, or by analysis...

14 CFR 23.572 - Metallic wing, empennage, and associated structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... principal structural element, and that the remaining structure is able to withstand a static ultimate load... TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES... experience: (1) A fatigue strength investigation in which the structure is shown by tests, or by analysis...

Analyzing the Magnetopause Internal Structure: New Possibilities Offered by MMS Tested in a Case Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rezeau, L.; Belmont, G.; Manuzzo, R.; Aunai, N.; Dargent, J.

2018-01-01

We explore the structure of the magnetopause using a crossing observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) spacecraft on 16 October 2015. Several methods (minimum variance analysis, BV method, and constant velocity analysis) are first applied to compute the normal to the magnetopause considered as a whole. The different results obtained are not identical, and we show that the whole boundary is not stationary and not planar, so that basic assumptions of these methods are not well satisfied. We then analyze more finely the internal structure for investigating the departures from planarity. Using the basic mathematical definition of what is a one-dimensional physical problem, we introduce a new single spacecraft method, called LNA (local normal analysis) for determining the varying normal, and we compare the results so obtained with those coming from the multispacecraft minimum directional derivative (MDD) tool developed by Shi et al. (2005). This last method gives the dimensionality of the magnetic variations from multipoint measurements and also allows estimating the direction of the local normal when the variations are locally 1-D. This study shows that the magnetopause does include approximate one-dimensional substructures but also two- and three-dimensional structures. It also shows that the dimensionality of the magnetic variations can differ from the variations of other fields so that, at some places, the magnetic field can have a 1-D structure although all the plasma variations do not verify the properties of a global one-dimensional problem. A generalization of the MDD tool is proposed.

Polymerization-Defective Fibrinogen Variant gammaD364A Binds Knob “A” Peptide Mimic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowley,S.; Merenbloom, B.; Heroux, A.

2008-01-01

Fibrin polymerization is supported in part by interactions called 'A:a'. Crystallographic studies revealed ?364Asp is part of hole 'a' that interacts with knob 'A' peptide mimic, GPRP. Biochemical studies have shown ?364Asp is critical to polymerization, as polymerization of variants ?D364A, ?D364H, and ?D364V is exceptionally impaired. To understand the molecular basis for the aberrant function, we solved the crystal structure of fragment D from ?D364A. Surprisingly, the structure (rfD-?D364A+GP) showed near normal 'A:a' interactions with GPRP bound to hole 'a' and no change in the overall structure of ?D364A. Of note, inspection of the structure showed negative electrostatic potentialmore » inside hole 'a' was diminished by this substitution. We examined GPRP binding to the ?364Asp variants in solution by plasmin protection assay. We found no protection of either ?D364H or ?D364V but partial protection of ?D364A, indicating the peptide does not bind to either ?D364H or ?D364V and binds more weakly than normal to ?D364A. We also examined protection by calcium and found all variants were indistinguishable from normal, suggesting the global structures of the variants are not markedly different from normal. Our data imply that ?364Asp per se is not required for knob 'A' binding to hole 'a'; rather, this residue's negative charge has a critical role in the electrostatic interactions that facilitate the important first step in fibrin polymerization.« less

Study of coherent structures of turbulence with large wall-normal gradients in thermophysical properties using direct numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reinink, Shawn K.; Yaras, Metin I.

2015-06-01

Forced-convection heat transfer in a heated working fluid at a thermodynamic state near its pseudocritical point is poorly predicted by correlations calibrated with data at subcritical temperatures and pressures. This is suggested to be primarily due to the influence of large wall-normal thermophysical property gradients that develop in proximity of the pseudocritical point on the concentration of coherent turbulence structures near the wall. The physical mechanisms dominating this influence remain poorly understood. In the present study, direct numerical simulation is used to study the development of coherent vortical structures within a turbulent spot under the influence of large wall-normal property gradients. A turbulent spot rather than a fully turbulent boundary layer is used for the study, for the coherent structures of turbulence in a spot tend to be in a more organized state which may allow for more effective identification of cause-and-effect relationships. Large wall-normal gradients in thermophysical properties are created by heating the working fluid which is near the pseudocritical thermodynamic state. It is found that during improved heat transfer, wall-normal gradients in density accelerate the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism in the shear layer enveloping low-speed streaks, causing it to roll up into hairpin vortices at a faster rate. It is suggested that this occurs by the baroclinic vorticity generation mechanism which accelerates the streamwise grouping of vorticity during shear layer roll-up. The increased roll-up frequency leads to reduced streamwise spacing between hairpin vortices in wave packets. The density gradients also promote the sinuous instability mode in low-speed streaks. The resulting oscillations in the streaks in the streamwise-spanwise plane lead to locally reduced spanwise spacing between hairpin vortices forming over adjacent low-speed streaks. The reduction in streamwise and spanwise spacing between hairpin vortices causes them to interact more frequently by merging together and by breaking apart into smaller turbulence structures.

Study of coherent structures of turbulence with large wall-normal gradients in thermophysical properties using direct numerical simulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reinink, Shawn K.; Yaras, Metin I., E-mail: Metin.Yaras@carleton.ca

2015-06-15

Forced-convection heat transfer in a heated working fluid at a thermodynamic state near its pseudocritical point is poorly predicted by correlations calibrated with data at subcritical temperatures and pressures. This is suggested to be primarily due to the influence of large wall-normal thermophysical property gradients that develop in proximity of the pseudocritical point on the concentration of coherent turbulence structures near the wall. The physical mechanisms dominating this influence remain poorly understood. In the present study, direct numerical simulation is used to study the development of coherent vortical structures within a turbulent spot under the influence of large wall-normal propertymore » gradients. A turbulent spot rather than a fully turbulent boundary layer is used for the study, for the coherent structures of turbulence in a spot tend to be in a more organized state which may allow for more effective identification of cause-and-effect relationships. Large wall-normal gradients in thermophysical properties are created by heating the working fluid which is near the pseudocritical thermodynamic state. It is found that during improved heat transfer, wall-normal gradients in density accelerate the growth of the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability mechanism in the shear layer enveloping low-speed streaks, causing it to roll up into hairpin vortices at a faster rate. It is suggested that this occurs by the baroclinic vorticity generation mechanism which accelerates the streamwise grouping of vorticity during shear layer roll-up. The increased roll-up frequency leads to reduced streamwise spacing between hairpin vortices in wave packets. The density gradients also promote the sinuous instability mode in low-speed streaks. The resulting oscillations in the streaks in the streamwise-spanwise plane lead to locally reduced spanwise spacing between hairpin vortices forming over adjacent low-speed streaks. The reduction in streamwise and spanwise spacing between hairpin vortices causes them to interact more frequently by merging together and by breaking apart into smaller turbulence structures.« less

Seismicity and Structure of the Incoming Pacific Plate Subducting into the Japan Trench off Miyagi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Obana, K.; Fujie, G.; Kodaira, S.; Takahashi, T.; Yamamoto, Y.; Sato, T.; Yamashita, M.; Nakamura, Y.; Miura, S.

2015-12-01

Stresses within the oceanic plate in trench axis and outer-rise region have been characterized by shallow extension and deep compression due to the bending of the plate subducting into the trench. The stress state within the incoming/subducting oceanic plate is an important factor not only for the occurrence of shallow intraplate normal-faulting earthquakes in the trench-outer rise region but also the hydration of the oceanic plate through the shallow normal faults cutting the oceanic lithosphere. We investigate seismic velocity structure and stress state within the incoming/subducting Pacific Plate in the Japan Trench based on the OBS aftershock observations for the December 2012 intraplate doublet, which consists of a deep reverse faulting (Mw 7.2) and a shallow normal faulting (Mw 7.2) earthquake, in the Japan Trench off Miyagi. Hypocenter locations and seismic velocity structures were estimated from the arrival time data of about 3000 earthquakes by using double-difference tomography method (Zhang and Thurber, 2003). Also, focal mechanisms were estimated from first motion polarities by using the program HASH by Hardebeck and Shearer (2002). The results show that the earthquakes occurred mainly within the oceanic crust and the uppermost mantle. The deepest event was located at a depth of about 60 km. Focal mechanisms of the earthquakes shallower than a depth of 40 km indicate normal-faulting with T-axis normal to the trench. On the other hand, first motion polarities of the events at depths between 50 and 60 km can be explained a reverse faulting. The results suggest that the neutral plane of the stress between shallow extension and deep compression locates at 40 to 50 km deep. Seismic velocity structures indicate velocity decrease in the oceanic mantle toward the trench. Although the velocity decrease varies with locations, the results suggest the bending-related structure change could extend to at least about 15 km below the oceanic Moho in some locations.

Probabilistic structural analysis of a truss typical for space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pai, Shantaram S.

1990-01-01

A three-bay, space, cantilever truss is probabilistically evaluated using the computer code NESSUS (Numerical Evaluation of Stochastic Structures Under Stress) to identify and quantify the uncertainties and respective sensitivities associated with corresponding uncertainties in the primitive variables (structural, material, and loads parameters) that defines the truss. The distribution of each of these primitive variables is described in terms of one of several available distributions such as the Weibull, exponential, normal, log-normal, etc. The cumulative distribution function (CDF's) for the response functions considered and sensitivities associated with the primitive variables for given response are investigated. These sensitivities help in determining the dominating primitive variables for that response.

Cyclotron resonance in HgTe/CdTe-based heterostructures in high magnetic fields

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Cyclotron resonance study of HgTe/CdTe-based quantum wells with both inverted and normal band structures in quantizing magnetic fields was performed. In semimetallic HgTe quantum wells with inverted band structure, a hole cyclotron resonance line was observed for the first time. In the samples with normal band structure, interband transitions were observed with wide line width due to quantum well width fluctuations. In all samples, impurity-related magnetoabsorption lines were revealed. The obtained results were interpreted within the Kane 8·8 model, the valence band offset of CdTe and HgTe, and the Kane parameter EP being adjusted. PMID:23013642

Low Left Atrial Compliance Contributes to the Clinical Recurrence of Atrial Fibrillation after Catheter Ablation in Patients with Structurally and Functionally Normal Heart.

PubMed

Park, Junbeom; Yang, Pil-sung; Kim, Tae-Hoon; Uhm, Jae-Sun; Kim, Joung-Youn; Joung, Boyoung; Lee, Moon-Hyoung; Hwang, Chun; Pak, Hui-Nam

2015-01-01

Stiff left atrial (LA) syndrome was initially reported in post-cardiac surgery patients and known to be associated with low LA compliance. We investigated the physiological and clinical implications of LA compliance by estimating LA pulse pressure (LApp) among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and structurally and functionally normal heart. Among 1038 consecutive patients with LA pressure measurements before AF ablation, we included 334 patients with structurally and functionally normal heart (81.7% male, 54.1±10.6 years, 77.0% paroxysmal AF) after excluding those with hypertension, diabetes, and previous ablation or cardiac surgery. We measured LApp (peak-nadir LA pressure) at the beginning of the ablation procedure and compared the values with clinical parameters and the AF recurrence rate. AF patients with normal heart were younger and more frequently male and had paroxysmal AF, a lower body mass index, and a lower LApp compared to others (all p<0.05). Based on the median value, the low LA compliance group (LApp≥13 mmHg) had a smaller LA volume index and lower LA voltage (all p<0.05) compared to the high LA compliance group. During a mean follow-up of 16.7±11.8 months, low LA compliance was independently associated with two fold-higher risk of clinical AF recurrence (HR:2.202; 95%CI:1.077-4.503; p = 0.031). Low LA compliance, as determined by an elevated LApp, was associated with a smaller LA volume index and lower LA voltage and independently associated with higher clinical recurrence after catheter ablation in AF patients with structurally and functionally normal heart.

Midwives' experiences of facilitating normal birth in an obstetric-led unit: a feminist perspective.

PubMed

Keating, Annette; Fleming, Valerie E M

2009-10-01

to explore midwives' experiences of facilitating normal birth in an obstetric-led unit. a feminist approach using semi-structured interviews focusing on midwives' perceptions of normal birth and their ability to facilitate this birth option in an obstetric-led unit. Ireland. a purposeful sample of 10 midwives with 6-30 years of midwifery experience. All participants had worked for a minimum of 6 years in a labour ward setting, and had been in their current setting for the previous 2 years. the midwives' narratives related to the following four concepts of patriarchy: 'hierarchical thinking', 'power and prestige', 'a logic of domination' and 'either/or thinking' (dualisms). Two themes, 'hierarchical thinking' and 'either/or thinking', (dualisms) along with their subthemes are presented in this paper. this study identified some of the reasons why midwives find it difficult to facilitate normal birth in an obstetric unit setting, and identified a need for further research in this area. Midwifery education and supportive management structures are required if midwives are to become confident practitioners of normal birth.

Engineering ultra-flattened normal dispersion photonic crystal fiber with silica material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferhat, Mohamed Lamine; Cherbi, Lynda; Bahloul, Lies; Hariz, Abdelhafid

2017-05-01

The tailoring of the group velocity dispersion (GVD) of an optical fiber is critical in many applications, influence on the bandwidth of information transmission in optical communication systems, successful utilization of nonlinear optical properties in applications such as supercontinuum generation, wavelength conversion and harmonic generation via stimulated Raman scattering ...In this work, we propose a design of ultra-flattened photonic crystal fiber by changing the diameter of the air holes of the cladding rings. The geometry is composed of only four rings, hexagonal structure of air holes and silica as background of the solid core. As a result, we present structures with broadband flat normal dispersion on many wavelengths bands useful for several applications. We obtain flat normal dispersion over 1000 nm broadband flat normal dispersion below -7 [ps/nm.km], and ultra-flat near zero normal dispersion below -0.2 [ps/nm.km] over 150 nm. The modeled photonic crystal fiber would be valuable for the fabrication of ultra-flattened-dispersion fibers, and have potential applications in wide-band high-speed optical communication systems, supercontinuum generation and many other applications.

Structural controls of the Tuscarora geothermal field, Elko County, Nevada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dering, G.; Faulds, J. E.

2012-12-01

Tuscarora is an amagmatic geothermal system located ~90 km northwest of Elko, Nevada, in the northern part of the Basin and Range province ~15 km southeast of the Snake River Plain. Detailed geologic mapping, structural analysis, and well data have been integrated to identify the structural controls of the Tuscarora geothermal system. The structural framework of the geothermal field is defined by NNW- to NNE-striking normal faults that are approximately orthogonal to the present extension direction. Boiling springs, fumaroles, and siliceous sinter emanate from a single NNE-striking, west-dipping normal fault. Normal faults west of these hydrothermal features mostly dip steeply east, whereas normal faults east of the springs primarily dip west. Thus, the springs, fumaroles, and sinter straddle a zone of interaction between fault sets that dip toward each other, classified as a strike-parallel anticlinal accommodation zone. Faults within the geothermal area are mostly discontinuous along strike with offsets of tens to hundreds of meters, whereas the adjacent range-bounding fault systems of the Bull Run and Independence Mountains accommodate several kilometers of displacement. The geothermal field lies within a broad step over between the southward terminating west-dipping Bull Run fault zone and the northward terminating west-dipping Independence Mountains fault zone. Neither of these major fault zones is known to host high temperature geothermal systems. The accommodation zone lies within the broad step over and contains both east-dipping antithetic and west-dipping synthetic faults. Accommodation zones are relatively common structural components of extended terranes that transfer strain between oppositely dipping fault sets via a network of subsidiary normal faults. This study has identified the hinge zone of an anticlinal accommodation zone as the site most conducive to fluid up-flow. The recognition of this specific portion of an accommodation zone as a favorable structural setting for geothermal activity may be a useful exploration tool for development of drilling targets in extensional terranes, as well as for developing geologic models of known geothermal fields. This type of information may ultimately help to reduce the risks of targeting successful geothermal wells in such settings.

Evaluation of normal findings using a detailed and focused technique for transcutaneous abdominal ultrasonography in the horse

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Ultrasonography is an important diagnostic tool in the investigation of abdominal disease in the horse. Several factors may affect the ability to image different structures within the abdomen. The aim of the study was to describe the repeatability of identification of abdominal structures in normal horses using a detailed ultrasonographic examination technique and using a focused, limited preparation technique. Methods A detailed abdominal ultrasound examination was performed in five normal horses, repeated on five occasions (total of 25 examinations). The abdomen was divided into ten different imaging sites, and structures identified in each site were recorded. Five imaging sites were then selected for a single focused ultrasound examination in 20 normal horses. Limited patient preparation was performed. Structures were recorded as ‘identified’ if ultrasonographic features could be distinguished. The location of organs and their frequency of identification were recorded. Data from both phases were analysed to determine repeatability of identification of structures in each examination (irrespective of imaging site), and for each imaging site. Results Caecum, colon, spleen, liver and right kidney were repeatably identified using the detailed technique, and had defined locations. Large colon and right kidney were identified in 100% of examinations with both techniques. Liver, spleen, caecum, duodenum and other small intestine were identified more frequently with the detailed examination. Small intestine was most frequently identified in the ventral abdomen, its identification varied markedly within and between horses, and required repeated examinations in some horses. Left kidney could not be identified in every horse using either technique. Sacculated colon was identified in all ventral sites, and was infrequently identified in dorsal sites. Conclusions Caecum, sacculated large intestine, spleen, liver and right kidney were consistently identified with both techniques. There were some normal variations which should be considered when interpreting ultrasonographic findings in clinical cases: left kidney was not always identified, sacculated colon was occasionally identified in dorsal flank sites. Multiple imaging sites and repeated examinations may be required to identify small intestine. A focused examination identified most key structures, but has some limitations compared to a detailed examination. PMID:25238559

Iron chalcogenide superconductors at high magnetic fields

PubMed Central

Lei, Hechang; Wang, Kefeng; Hu, Rongwei; Ryu, Hyejin; Abeykoon, Milinda; Bozin, Emil S; Petrovic, Cedomir

2012-01-01

Iron chalcogenide superconductors have become one of the most investigated superconducting materials in recent years due to high upper critical fields, competing interactions and complex electronic and magnetic phase diagrams. The structural complexity, defects and atomic site occupancies significantly affect the normal and superconducting states in these compounds. In this work we review the vortex behavior, critical current density and high magnetic field pair-breaking mechanism in iron chalcogenide superconductors. We also point to relevant structural features and normal-state properties. PMID:27877518

Structural inheritance and selective reactivation in the central Andes: Cenozoic deformation guided by pre-Andean structures in southern Peru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perez, Nicholas D.; Horton, Brian K.; Carlotto, Victor

2016-03-01

Structural, stratigraphic, and geochronologic constraints from the Eastern Cordillera in the central Andean plateau of southern Peru (14-15°S) demonstrate the existence and position of major pre-Andean structures that controlled the accumulation of Triassic synrift fill and guided subsequent Cenozoic deformation. The timing of initial clastic deposition of the Triassic Mitu Group is here constrained to ~ 242-233 Ma on the basis of detrital and volcanic zircon U-Pb geochronology. Regionally distinct provenance variations, as provided by U-Pb age populations from localized synrift accumulations, demonstrate Triassic erosion of multiple diagnostic sources from diverse rift-flank uplifts. Stratigraphic correlations suggest synchronous initiation of extensional basins containing the Mitu Group, in contrast with previous interpretations of southward rift propagation. Triassic motion along the NE-dipping San Anton normal fault accommodated up to 7 km of throw and hanging-wall deposition of a synrift Mitu succession > 2.5 km thick. The contrasting orientation of a non-reactivated Triassic normal fault suggests selective inversion of individual structures in the Eastern Cordillera was dependent on fault dip and strike. Selective preservation of a ~ 4 km thick succession of Carboniferous-Permian strata in the down-dropped San Anton hanging wall, beneath the synrift Mitu Group, suggests large-scale erosional removal in the uplifted footwall. Field and map observations identify additional pre-Andean thrust faults and folds attributed to poorly understood Paleozoic orogenic events preserved in the San Anton hanging wall. Selective thrust reactivation of normal and reverse faults during later compression largely guided Cenozoic deformation in the Eastern Cordillera. The resulting structural compartmentalization and across-strike variations in kinematics and deformation style highlight the influence of inherited Paleozoic structures and Triassic normal faults on the long-term history of convergent margin deformation in the Andes.

Microrefrigeration by a pair of normal metal/insulator/superconductor junctions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leivo, M. M.; Pekola, J. P.; Averin, D. V.

1995-01-01

We suggest and demonstrate experimentally that two normal metal/insulator/superconductor (NIS) tunnel junctions combined in series to form a symmetric SINIS structure can operate as an efficient Peltier refrigerator. Specifically, it is shown that the SINIS structure with normal-state junction resistences of 1.0 and 1.1 kOmega is capable of reaching a temperature of about 100 mK starting from 300 mK. We estimate the corresponding cooling power to be 1.5 pW per total junction area of 0.8 micrometers(exp 2) at T = 300 mK. This cooling power density implies that scaling of junction area up to about 1 mm(exp 2) should bring the cooling power into the microW range.

Fatigue behavior of porous biomaterials manufactured using selective laser melting.

PubMed

Yavari, S Amin; Wauthle, R; van der Stok, J; Riemslag, A C; Janssen, M; Mulier, M; Kruth, J P; Schrooten, J; Weinans, H; Zadpoor, A A

2013-12-01

Porous titanium alloys are considered promising bone-mimicking biomaterials. Additive manufacturing techniques such as selective laser melting allow for manufacturing of porous titanium structures with a precise design of micro-architecture. The mechanical properties of selective laser melted porous titanium alloys with different designs of micro-architecture have been already studied and are shown to be in the range of mechanical properties of bone. However, the fatigue behavior of this biomaterial is not yet well understood. We studied the fatigue behavior of porous structures made of Ti6Al4V ELI powder using selective laser melting. Four different porous structures were manufactured with porosities between 68 and 84% and the fatigue S-N curves of these four porous structures were determined. The three-stage mechanism of fatigue failure of these porous structures is described and studied in detail. It was found that the absolute S-N curves of these four porous structures are very different. In general, given the same absolute stress level, the fatigue life is much shorter for more porous structures. However, the normalized fatigue S-N curves of these four structures were found to be very similar. A power law was fitted to all data points of the normalized S-N curves. It is shown that the measured data points conform to the fitted power law very well, R(2)=0.94. This power law may therefore help in estimating the fatigue life of porous structures for which no fatigue test data is available. It is also observed that the normalized endurance limit of all tested porous structures (<0.2) is lower than that of corresponding solid material (c.a. 0.4). © 2013.

Arc-parallel extension and fluid flow in an ancient accretionary wedge: The San Juan Islands, Washington

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schermer, Elizabeth R.; Gillaspy, J.R.; Lamb, R.

2007-01-01

Structural analysis of the Lopez Structural Complex, a major Late Cretaceous terrane-bounding fault zone in the San Juan thrust system, reveals a sequence of events that provides insight into accretionary wedge mechanics and regional tectonics. After formation of regional ductile flattening and shear-related fabrics, the area was crosscut by brittle structures including: (1) southwest-vergent thrusts, (2) extension veins and normal faults related to northwest-southeast extension, and (3) conjugate strike-slip structures that record northwest-southeast extension and northeast-southwest shortening. Aragonite-bearing veins are associated with thrust and normal faults, but only rarely with strike-slip faults. High-pressure, low-temperature (HP-LT) minerals constrain the conditions for brittle deformation to ???20 km and <250 ??C. The presence of similar structures elsewhere indicates that the brittle structural sequence is typical of the San Juan nappes. Sustained HP-LT conditions are possible only if structures formed in an accretionary prism during active subduction, which suggests that these brittle structures record internal wedge deformation at depth and early during uplift of the San Juan nappes. The structures are consistent with orogen-normal shortening and vertical thickening followed by vertical thinning and along-strike extension. The kinematic evolution may be related initially to changes in wedge strength, followed by response to overthickening of the wedge in an unbuttressed, obliquely convergent setting. The change in vein mineralogy indicates that exhumation occurred prior to the strike-slip event. The pressure and temperature conditions and spatial and temporal extent of small faults associated with fluid flow suggest a link between these structures and the silent earthquake process. ?? 2007 Geological Society of America.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowley, S.; Okumura, N; Lord, S

'A:a' knob-hole interactions and D:D interfacial interactions are important for fibrin polymerization. Previous studies with recombinant ?N308K fibrinogen, a substitution at the D:D interface, showed impaired polymerization. We examined the molecular basis for this loss of function by solving the crystal structure of ?N308K fragment D. In contrast to previous fragment D crystals, the ?N308K crystals belonged to a tetragonal space group with an unusually long unit cell (a = b = 95 Angstroms, c = 448.3 Angstroms). Alignment of the normal and ?N308K structures showed the global structure of the variant was not changed and the knob 'A' peptidemore » GPRP was bound as usual to hole 'a'. The substitution introduced an elongated positively charged patch in the D:D region. The structure showed novel, symmetric D:D crystal contacts between ?N308K molecules, indicating the normal asymmetric D:D interface in fibrin would be unstable in this variant. We examined GPRP binding to ?N308K in solution by plasmin protection assay. The results showed weaker peptide binding, suggesting that 'A:a' interactions were altered. We examined fibrin network structures by scanning electron microscopy and found the variant fibers were thicker and more heterogeneous than normal fibers. Considered together, our structural and biochemical studies indicate both 'A:a' and D:D interactions are weaker. We conclude that stable protofibrils cannot assemble from ?N308K monomers, leading to impaired polymerization.« less

First-principles study of the structural properties of Ge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, K.J.; Cohen, M.L.

1986-12-15

With the use of an ab initio pseudopotential method, the structural properties of Ge are investigated at normal and high pressures. The pressure-induced structural phase transitions from cubic diamond to ..beta..-Sn, to simple hexagonal (sh), and to double hexagonal close packed (dhcp) are examined. With the possible exception of the dhcp structure, the calculated transition pressures, transition volumes, and axial ratios are in good agreement with experimental results. We find that sh Ge has characteristics similar to those of sh Si; the bonds between hexagonal layers are stronger than intralayer bonds and the transverse phonon modes become soft near themore » transitions from the sh to ..beta..-Sn and the sh to hcp structures. At normal pressures, we compare the crystal energies for the cubic diamond, hexagonal 2H, and hexagonal 4H structures. Because of the similar sp/sup 3/ bonds in these structures, the structural energy differences are less than about 14 meV, and the 2H and 4H phases are metastable with respect to the cubic diamond structure. The equation of state is also presented and compared with experiment.« less

Detection of lobular structures in normal breast tissue.

PubMed

Apou, Grégory; Schaadt, Nadine S; Naegel, Benoît; Forestier, Germain; Schönmeyer, Ralf; Feuerhake, Friedrich; Wemmert, Cédric; Grote, Anne

2016-07-01

Ongoing research into inflammatory conditions raises an increasing need to evaluate immune cells in histological sections in biologically relevant regions of interest (ROIs). Herein, we compare different approaches to automatically detect lobular structures in human normal breast tissue in digitized whole slide images (WSIs). This automation is required to perform objective and consistent quantitative studies on large data sets. In normal breast tissue from nine healthy patients immunohistochemically stained for different markers, we evaluated and compared three different image analysis methods to automatically detect lobular structures in WSIs: (1) a bottom-up approach using the cell-based data for subsequent tissue level classification, (2) a top-down method starting with texture classification at tissue level analysis of cell densities in specific ROIs, and (3) a direct texture classification using deep learning technology. All three methods result in comparable overall quality allowing automated detection of lobular structures with minor advantage in sensitivity (approach 3), specificity (approach 2), or processing time (approach 1). Combining the outputs of the approaches further improved the precision. Different approaches of automated ROI detection are feasible and should be selected according to the individual needs of biomarker research. Additionally, detected ROIs could be used as a basis for quantification of immune infiltration in lobular structures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of diurnal photosynthetic activity on the fine structure of amylopectin from normal and waxy barley starch.

PubMed

Goldstein, Avi; Annor, George; Blennow, Andreas; Bertoft, Eric

2017-09-01

The impact of diurnal photosynthetic activity on the fine structure of the amylopectin fraction of starch synthesized by normal barley (NBS) and waxy barley (WBS), the latter completely devoid of amylose biosynthesis, was determined following the cultivation under normal diurnal or constant light growing conditions. The amylopectin fine structures were analysed by characterizing its unit chain length profiles after enzymatic debranching as well as its φ,β-limit dextrins and its clusters and building blocks after their partial and complete hydrolysis with α-amylase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, respectively. Regardless of lighting conditions, no structural effects were found when comparing both the amylopectin side-chain distribution and the internal chain fragments of these amylopectins. However, the diurnally grown NBS and WBS both showed larger amylopectin clusters and these had lower branching density and longer average chain lengths than clusters derived from plants grown under constant light conditions. Amylopectin clusters from diurnally grown plants also consisted of a greater number of building blocks, and shorter inter-block chain lengths compared to clusters derived from plants grown under constant light. Our data demonstrate that the diurnal light regime influences the fine structure of the amylopectin component both in amylose and non-amylose starch granules. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

All substituted nickel porphyrins are highly nonplanar

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shelnutt, J.A.; Song, X.Z.; Jentzen, W.

1996-12-31

X-ray crystallographic and resonance Raman studies show that only un-substituted Ni porphine is planar in solution; all substituted Ni porphyrin derivatives either are nonplanar or exist as a mixture of planar and nonplanar conformers in solution. Recent modifications in a molecular mechanics force field improve the ability the MM calculations to predict the X-ray structures of porphyrins and also the planar-nonplanar conformational equilibria in many cases. Calculations using the new force field suggests that all geoporphyrins will be highly nonplanar, especially those having meso substituents. The nonplanarity is expected to influence properties such as solubility and metallation/dematallation reactions. Further, amore » method of quantifying these nonplanar structures has been devised; any porphyrin structure can be decomposed into displacements along the out-of-plane normal coordinates. However, usually distortions along only the lowest-frequency normal modes of each symmetry type are required to adequately describe the structure. The lowest-frequency normal coordinates of b{sub lu}, a{sub 2u}, b{sub 2u}, and e{sub g} symmetries correspond to commonly observed symmetric distortions called ruffling (ruf), doming(dom), saddling (sad), and waving (wav(x), wav(y)). The application of this structural decomposition method to several problems including the influences of steric crowding and protein folding on porphyrin conformation will be described.« less

Normal people working in normal organizations with normal equipment: system safety and cognition in a mid-air collision.

PubMed

de Carvalho, Paulo Victor Rodrigues; Gomes, José Orlando; Huber, Gilbert Jacob; Vidal, Mario Cesar

2009-05-01

A fundamental challenge in improving the safety of complex systems is to understand how accidents emerge in normal working situations, with equipment functioning normally in normally structured organizations. We present a field study of the en route mid-air collision between a commercial carrier and an executive jet, in the clear afternoon Amazon sky in which 154 people lost their lives, that illustrates one response to this challenge. Our focus was on how and why the several safety barriers of a well structured air traffic system melted down enabling the occurrence of this tragedy, without any catastrophic component failure, and in a situation where everything was functioning normally. We identify strong consistencies and feedbacks regarding factors of system day-to-day functioning that made monitoring and awareness difficult, and the cognitive strategies that operators have developed to deal with overall system behavior. These findings emphasize the active problem-solving behavior needed in air traffic control work, and highlight how the day-to-day functioning of the system can jeopardize such behavior. An immediate consequence is that safety managers and engineers should review their traditional safety approach and accident models based on equipment failure probability, linear combinations of failures, rules and procedures, and human errors, to deal with complex patterns of coincidence possibilities, unexpected links, resonance among system functions and activities, and system cognition.

Integrity of the Cone Photoreceptor Mosaic in Oligocone Trichromacy

PubMed Central

Rha, Jungtae; Dees, Elise W.; Baraas, Rigmor C.; Wagner-Schuman, Melissa L.; Mollon, John D.; Dubis, Adam M.; Andersen, Mette K. G.; Rosenberg, Thomas; Larsen, Michael; Moore, Anthony T.

2011-01-01

Purpose. Oligocone trichromacy (OT) is an unusual cone dysfunction syndrome characterized by reduced visual acuity, mild photophobia, reduced amplitude of the cone electroretinogram with normal rod responses, normal fundus appearance, and normal or near-normal color vision. It has been proposed that these patients have a reduced number of normal functioning cones (oligocone). This paper has sought to evaluate the integrity of the cone photoreceptor mosaic in four patients previously described as having OT. Methods. Retinal images were obtained from two brothers (13 and 15 years) and two unrelated subjects, one male (47 years) and one female (24 years). High-resolution images of the cone mosaic were obtained using high-speed adaptive optics (AO) fundus cameras. Visible structures were analyzed for density using custom software. Additional retinal images were obtained using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT), and the four layers of the photoreceptor-retinal pigment epithelium complex (ELM, IS/OS, RPE1, RPE2) were evaluated. Cone photoreceptor length and the thickness of intraretinal layers were measured and compared to previously published normative data. Results. The adult male subject had infantile onset nystagmus while the three other patients did not. In the adult male patient, a normal appearing cone mosaic was observed. However, the three other subjects had a sparse mosaic of cones remaining at the fovea, with no structure visible outside the central fovea. On SD-OCT, the adult male subject had a very shallow foveal pit, with all major retinal layers being visible, and both inner segment (IS) and outer segment (OS) length were within normal limits. In the other three patients, while all four layers were visible in the central fovea and IS length was within normal limits, the OS length was significantly decreased. Peripherally the IS/OS layer decreased in intensity, and the RPE1 layer was no longer discernable, in keeping with the lack of cone structure observed on AO imaging outside the central fovea. Conclusions. Findings are consistent with the visual deficits being caused by a reduced number of healthy cones in the two brothers and the adult female. In the unrelated adult subject, no structural basis for the disorder was found. These data suggest two distinct groups on the basis of structural imaging. It is proposed that the former group with evidence of a reduction in cone numbers is more in keeping with typical OT, with the latter group representing an OT-like phenotype. These two groups may be difficult to readily discern on the basis of phenotypic features alone, and high-resolution imaging may be an effective way to distinguish between these phenotypes. PMID:21436275

Root graviresponsiveness and columella cell structure in carotenoid-deficient seedlings of Zea mays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moore, R.; McClelen, C. E.

1985-01-01

Root graviresponsiveness in normal and carotenoid-deficient mutant seedlings of Zea mays was not significantly different. Columella cells in roots of mutant seedlings were characterized by fewer, smaller, and a reduced relative volume of plastids as compared to columella cells of normal seedlings. Plastids in columella cells of mutant seedlings possessed reduced amounts of starch. Although approximately 10 per cent of the columella cells in mutant seedlings lacked starch, their plastids were located at the bottom of the cell. These results suggest that (i) carotenoids are not necessary for root gravitropism, (ii) graviresponsiveness is not necessarily proportional to the size, number, or relative volume of plastids in columella cells, and (iii) sedimentation of plastids in columella cells may not result directly from their increased density due to starch content. Plastids in columella cells of normal and mutant seedlings were associated with bands of microtubule-like structures, suggesting that these structures may be involved in 'positioning' plastids in the cell.

Tau and β-Amyloid Are Associated with Medial Temporal Lobe Structure, Function, and Memory Encoding in Normal Aging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marks, Shawn M.; Lockhart, Samuel N.; Baker, Suzanne L.

Normal aging is associated with a decline in episodic memory and also with aggregation of the β-amyloid (Aβ) and tau proteins and atrophy of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures crucial to memory formation. Although some evidence suggests that Aβ is associated with aberrant neural activity, the relationships among these two aggregated proteins, neural function, and brain structure are poorly understood. Using in vivo human Aβ and tau imaging, we demonstrate that increased Aβ and tau are both associated with aberrant fMRI activity in the MTL during memory encoding in cognitively normal older adults. This pathological neural activity was in turnmore » associated with worse memory performance and atrophy within the MTL. A mediation analysis revealed that the relationship with regional atrophy was explained by MTL tau. These findings broaden the concept of cognitive aging to include evidence of Alzheimer’s disease-related protein aggregation as an underlying mechanism of age-related memory impairment.« less

Regulation of Synaptic Structure by the Ubiquitin C-terminal Hydrolase UCH-L1

PubMed Central

Cartier, Anna E.; Djakovic, Stevan N.; Salehi, Afshin; Wilson, Scott M.; Masliah, Eliezer; Patrick, Gentry N.

2009-01-01

UCH-L1 is a de-ubiquitinating enzyme that is selectively and abundantly expressed in the brain, and its activity is required for normal synaptic function. Here, we show that UCH-L1 functions in maintaining normal synaptic structure in hippocampal neurons. We have found that UCH-L1 activity is rapidly up-regulated by NMDA receptor activation which leads to an increase in the levels of free monomeric ubiquitin. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of UCH-L1 significantly reduces monomeric ubiquitin levels and causes dramatic alterations in synaptic protein distribution and spine morphology. Inhibition of UCH-L1 activity increases spine size while decreasing spine density. Furthermore, there is a concomitant increase in the size of pre and postsynaptic protein clusters. Interestingly, however, ectopic expression of ubiquitin restores normal synaptic structure in UCH-L1 inhibited neurons. These findings point to a significant role of UCH-L1 in synaptic remodeling most likely by modulating free monomeric ubiquitin levels in an activity-dependent manner. PMID:19535597

Regulation of synaptic structure by ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1.

PubMed

Cartier, Anna E; Djakovic, Stevan N; Salehi, Afshin; Wilson, Scott M; Masliah, Eliezer; Patrick, Gentry N

2009-06-17

Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase L1 (UCH-L1) is a deubiquitinating enzyme that is selectively and abundantly expressed in the brain, and its activity is required for normal synaptic function. Here, we show that UCH-L1 functions in maintaining normal synaptic structure in hippocampal neurons. We found that UCH-L1 activity is rapidly upregulated by NMDA receptor activation, which leads to an increase in the levels of free monomeric ubiquitin. Conversely, pharmacological inhibition of UCH-L1 significantly reduces monomeric ubiquitin levels and causes dramatic alterations in synaptic protein distribution and spine morphology. Inhibition of UCH-L1 activity increases spine size while decreasing spine density. Furthermore, there is a concomitant increase in the size of presynaptic and postsynaptic protein clusters. Interestingly, however, ectopic expression of ubiquitin restores normal synaptic structure in UCH-L1-inhibited neurons. These findings point to a significant role of UCH-L1 in synaptic remodeling, most likely by modulating free monomeric ubiquitin levels in an activity-dependent manner.

Structural Data for the Columbus Salt Marsh Geothermal Area - GIS Data

DOE Data Explorer

Faulds, James E.

2011-12-31

Shapefiles and spreadsheets of structural data, including attitudes of faults and strata and slip orientations of faults. - Detailed geologic mapping of ~30 km2 was completed in the vicinity of the Columbus Marsh geothermal field to obtain critical structural data that would elucidate the structural controls of this field. - Documenting E‐ to ENE‐striking left lateral faults and N‐ to NNE‐striking normal faults. - Some faults cut Quaternary basalts. - This field appears to occupy a displacement transfer zone near the eastern end of a system of left‐lateral faults. ENE‐striking sinistral faults diffuse into a system of N‐ to NNE‐striking normal faults within the displacement transfer zone. - Columbus Marsh therefore corresponds to an area of enhanced extension and contains a nexus of fault intersections, both conducive for geothermal activity.

Normal Science Education and Its Dangers: The Case of School Chemistry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Berkel, Berry; De Vos, Wobbe; Verdonk, Adri H.; Pilot, Albert

2000-01-01

Attempts to solve the problem of hidden structure in school chemistry. Argues that normal chemistry education is isolated from common sense, everyday life and society, the history and philosophy of science, technology, school physics, and chemical research. (Author/CCM)

Anomalous Structural Disorder in Supported Pt Nanoparticles

DOE PAGES

Vila, Fernando D.; Rehr, John J.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.; ...

2017-07-02

Supported Pt nanocatalysts generally exhibit anomalous behavior, including negative thermal expansion and large structural disorder. Finite temperature DFT/MD simulations reproduce these properties, showing that they are largely explained by a combination of thermal vibrations and low-frequency disorder. We show in this paper that a full interpretation is more complex and that the DFT/MD mean-square relative displacements (MSRD) can be further separated into vibrational disorder, “dynamic structural disorder” (DSD), and long-time equilibrium fluctuations of the structure dubbed “anomalous structural disorder” (ASD). We find that the vibrational and DSD components behave normally, increasing linearly with temperature while the ASD decreases, reflecting themore » evolution of mean nanoparticle geometry. Finally, as a consequence the usual procedure of fitting the MSRD to normal vibrations plus temperature-independent static disorder results in unphysical bond strengths and Grüneisen parameters.« less

Extracellular matrix structure.

PubMed

Theocharis, Achilleas D; Skandalis, Spyros S; Gialeli, Chrysostomi; Karamanos, Nikos K

2016-02-01

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network composed of collagens, proteoglycans/glycosaminoglycans, elastin, fibronectin, laminins, and several other glycoproteins. Matrix components bind each other as well as cell adhesion receptors forming a complex network into which cells reside in all tissues and organs. Cell surface receptors transduce signals into cells from ECM, which regulate diverse cellular functions, such as survival, growth, migration, and differentiation, and are vital for maintaining normal homeostasis. ECM is a highly dynamic structural network that continuously undergoes remodeling mediated by several matrix-degrading enzymes during normal and pathological conditions. Deregulation of ECM composition and structure is associated with the development and progression of several pathologic conditions. This article emphasizes in the complex ECM structure as to provide a better understanding of its dynamic structural and functional multipotency. Where relevant, the implication of the various families of ECM macromolecules in health and disease is also presented. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Easier to swallow: pictorial review of structural findings of the pharynx at barium pharyngography.

PubMed

Tao, Ting Y; Menias, Christine O; Herman, Thomas E; McAlister, William H; Balfe, Dennis M

2013-01-01

Barium pharyngography remains an important diagnostic tool in the evaluation of patients with dysphagia. Pharyngography can not only help detect functional abnormalities but also help identify a wide spectrum of structural abnormalities in children and adults. These structural abnormalities may reflect malignant or nonmalignant oropharyngeal, hypopharyngeal, or laryngeal processes that deform or alter normal coated mucosal surfaces. Therefore, an understanding of the normal appearance of the pharynx at contrast material-enhanced imaging is necessary for accurate detection and interpretation of abnormal findings. Congenital malformations are more typically identified in the younger population; inflammatory and infiltrative diseases, trauma, foreign bodies, and laryngeal cysts can be seen in all age groups; and Zenker and Killian-Jamieson diverticula tend to occur in the older population. Squamous cell carcinoma is by far the most common malignant process, with contrast-enhanced imaging findings that depend on tumor location and morphology. Treatments of head and neck cancers include total laryngectomy and radiation therapy, both of which alter normal anatomy. Patients are usually evaluated immediately after laryngectomy to detect complications such as fistulas; later, pharyngography is useful for identifying and characterizing strictures. Deviation from the expected posttreatment appearance, such as irregular narrowing or mucosal nodularity, should prompt direct visualization to evaluate for recurrence. Contrast-enhanced imaging of the pharynx is commonly used in patients who present with dysphagia, and radiologists should be familiar with the barium pharyngographic appearance of the normal pharyngeal anatomy and of some of the processes that alter normal anatomy. © RSNA, 2013.

Assessment of Mechanical Performance of Bone Architecture Using Rapid Prototyping Models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saparin, Peter; Woesz, Alexander; Thomsen, Jasper S.; Fratzl, Peter

2008-06-01

The aim of this on-going research project is to assess the influence of bone microarchitecture on the mechanical performance of trabecular bone. A testing chain consist-ing of three steps was established: 1) micro computed tomography (μCT) imaging of human trabecular bone; 2) building of models of the bone from a light-sensitive polymer using Rapid Prototyping (RP); 3) mechanical testing of the models in a material testing machine. A direct resampling procedure was developed to convert μCT data into the format of the RP machine. Standardized parameters for production and testing of the plastic models were established by use of regular cellular structures. Next, normal, osteoporotic, and extreme osteoporotic vertebral trabecular bone architectures were re-produced by RP and compression tested. We found that normal architecture of vertebral trabecular bone exhibit behaviour characteristic of a cellular structure. In normal bone the fracture occurs at much higher strain values that in osteoporotic bone. After the fracture a normal trabecular architecture is able to carry much higher loads than an osteoporotic architecture. However, no statistically significant differences were found in maximal stress during uniaxial compression of the central part of normal, osteoporotic, and extreme osteoporotic vertebral trabecular bone. This supports the hypothesis that osteoporotic trabecular bone can compensate for a loss of trabeculae by thickening the remaining trabeculae in the loading direction (compensatory hypertrophy). The developed approach could be used for mechanical evaluation of structural data acquired non-invasively and assessment of changes in performance of bone architecture.

Changes in cell surface structure by viral transformation studied by binding of lectins differing in sugar specificity.

PubMed

Tsuda, M; Kurokawa, T; Takeuchi, M; Sugino, Y

1975-10-01

Changes in cell surface structure by viral transformation were studied by examining changes in the binding of various lectins differing in carbohydrate specificities. Binding of lectins was assayed directly using cells grown in coverslips. The following 125I-lectins were used: Concanavalin-A (specific for glucose and mannose), wheat germ agglutinin (specific for N-acetylglucosamine), castor bean agglutinin (specific for galactose), Wistaria floribunda agglutinin (specific for N-acetylgalactosamine), and soybean agglutinin (specific for N-acetyl-galactosamine). Cells for a clone, SS7, transformed by bovine adenovirus type-3, were found to bind 5 to 6 times more Wistaria floribunda agglutinin than the normal counterpart cells (clone C31, from C3H mouse kidney). In contrast, the binding of soybean agglutinin, which has a sugar specificity similar to Wistaria floribunda agglutinin, to normal and transformed cells was similar. The binding of wheat germ agglutinin and castor bean agglutinin, respectively, to normal and transformed cells was also similar. However, normal cells bound twice as much concanavalin-A as transformed cells. Only half as much Wistaria floribunda agglutinin was bound to transformed cells when they had been dispersed with EDTA. These changes in the number of lectin binding sites on transformation are thought to reflect alteration of the cell surface structure. The amount of lectins bound per cell decreased with increase in cell density, especially in the case of binding of Wistaria floribunda agglutinin to normal cells.

(Pea)nuts and bolts of visual narrative: Structure and meaning in sequential image comprehension

PubMed Central

Cohn, Neil; Paczynski, Martin; Jackendoff, Ray; Holcomb, Phillip J.; Kuperberg, Gina R.

2012-01-01

Just as syntax differentiates coherent sentences from scrambled word strings, the comprehension of sequential images must also use a cognitive system to distinguish coherent narrative sequences from random strings of images. We conducted experiments analogous to two classic studies of language processing to examine the contributions of narrative structure and semantic relatedness to processing sequential images. We compared four types of comic strips: 1) Normal sequences with both structure and meaning, 2) Semantic Only sequences (in which the panels were related to a common semantic theme, but had no narrative structure), 3) Structural Only sequences (narrative structure but no semantic relatedness), and 4) Scrambled sequences of randomly-ordered panels. In Experiment 1, participants monitored for target panels in sequences presented panel-by-panel. Reaction times were slowest to panels in Scrambled sequences, intermediate in both Structural Only and Semantic Only sequences, and fastest in Normal sequences. This suggests that both semantic relatedness and narrative structure offer advantages to processing. Experiment 2 measured ERPs to all panels across the whole sequence. The N300/N400 was largest to panels in both the Scrambled and Structural Only sequences, intermediate in Semantic Only sequences and smallest in the Normal sequences. This implies that a combination of narrative structure and semantic relatedness can facilitate semantic processing of upcoming panels (as reflected by the N300/N400). Also, panels in the Scrambled sequences evoked a larger left-lateralized anterior negativity than panels in the Structural Only sequences. This localized effect was distinct from the N300/N400, and appeared despite the fact that these two sequence types were matched on local semantic relatedness between individual panels. These findings suggest that sequential image comprehension uses a narrative structure that may be independent of semantic relatedness. Altogether, we argue that the comprehension of visual narrative is guided by an interaction between structure and meaning. PMID:22387723

Abnormalities in the basement membrane structure promote basal keratinocytes in the epidermis of hypertrophic scars to adopt a proliferative phenotype.

PubMed

Yang, Shaowei; Sun, Yexiao; Geng, Zhijun; Ma, Kui; Sun, Xiaoyan; Fu, Xiaobing

2016-05-01

The majority of studies on scar formation have mainly focused on the dermis and little is known of the involvement of the epidermis. Previous research has demonstrated that the scar tissue-derived keratinocytes are different from normal cells at both the genetic and cell biological levels; however, the mechanisms responsible for the fundamental abnormalities in keratinocytes during scar development remain elusive. For this purpose, in this study, we used normal, wound edge and hypertrophic scar tissue to examine the morphological changes which occur during epidermal regeneration as part of the wound healing process and found that the histological structure of hypertrophic scar tissues differed from that of normal skin, with a significant increase in epidermal thickness. Notably, staining of the basement membrane (BM) appeared to be absent in the scar tissues. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin (CK)10, CK14, CK5, CK19 and integrin-β1 indicated the differential expression of cell markers in the epidermal keratinocytes among the normal, wound edge and hypertrophic scar tissues, which corresponded with the altered BM structures. By using a panel of proteins associated with BM components, we validated our hypothesis that the BM plays a significant role in regulating the cell fate decision of epidermal keratinocytes during skin wound healing. Alterations in the structure of the BM promote basal keratinocytes to adopt a proliferative phenotype both in vivo and in vitro.

Abnormalities in the basement membrane structure promote basal keratinocytes in the epidermis of hypertrophic scars to adopt a proliferative phenotype

PubMed Central

YANG, SHAOWEI; SUN, YEXIAO; GENG, ZHIJUN; MA, KUI; SUN, XIAOYAN; FU, XIAOBING

2016-01-01

The majority of studies on scar formation have mainly focused on the dermis and little is known of the involvement of the epidermis. Previous research has demonstrated that the scar tissue-derived keratinocytes are different from normal cells at both the genetic and cell biological levels; however, the mechanisms responsible for the fundamental abnormalities in keratinocytes during scar development remain elusive. For this purpose, in this study, we used normal, wound edge and hypertrophic scar tissue to examine the morphological changes which occur during epidermal regeneration as part of the wound healing process and found that the histological structure of hypertrophic scar tissues differed from that of normal skin, with a significant increase in epidermal thickness. Notably, staining of the basement membrane (BM) appeared to be absent in the scar tissues. Moreover, immunofluorescence staining for cytokeratin (CK)10, CK14, CK5, CK19 and integrin-β1 indicated the differential expression of cell markers in the epidermal keratinocytes among the normal, wound edge and hypertrophic scar tissues, which corresponded with the altered BM structures. By using a panel of proteins associated with BM components, we validated our hypothesis that the BM plays a significant role in regulating the cell fate decision of epidermal keratinocytes during skin wound healing. Alterations in the structure of the BM promote basal keratinocytes to adopt a proliferative phenotype both in vivo and in vitro. PMID:26986690

Story retelling skills in Persian speaking hearing-impaired children.

PubMed

Jarollahi, Farnoush; Mohamadi, Reyhane; Modarresi, Yahya; Agharasouli, Zahra; Rahimzadeh, Shadi; Ahmadi, Tayebeh; Keyhani, Mohammad-Reza

2017-05-01

Since the pragmatic skills of hearing-impaired Persian-speaking children have not yet been investigated particularly through story retelling, this study aimed to evaluate some pragmatic abilities of normal-hearing and hearing-impaired children using a story retelling test. 15 normal-hearing and 15 profound hearing-impaired 7-year-old children were evaluated using the story retelling test with the content validity of 89%, construct validity of 85%, and reliability of 83%. Three macro structure criteria including topic maintenance, event sequencing, explicitness, and four macro structure criteria including referencing, conjunctive cohesion, syntax complexity, and utterance length were assessed. The test was performed with live voice in a quiet room where children were then asked to retell the story. The tasks of the children were recorded on a tape, transcribed, scored and analyzed. In the macro structure criteria, utterances of hearing-impaired students were less consistent, enough information was not given to listeners to have a full understanding of the subject, and the story events were less frequently expressed in a rational order than those of normal-hearing group (P < 0.0001). Regarding the macro structure criteria of the test, unlike the normal-hearing students who obtained high scores, hearing-impaired students failed to gain any scores on the items of this section. These results suggest that Hearing-impaired children were not able to use language as effectively as their hearing peers, and they utilized quite different pragmatic functions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

powerbox: Arbitrarily structured, arbitrary-dimension boxes and log-normal mocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murray, Steven G.

2018-05-01

powerbox creates density grids (or boxes) with an arbitrary two-point distribution (i.e. power spectrum). The software works in any number of dimensions, creates Gaussian or Log-Normal fields, and measures power spectra of output fields to ensure consistency. The primary motivation for creating the code was the simple creation of log-normal mock galaxy distributions, but the methodology can be used for other applications.

Renegotiating inter-professional boundaries in maternity care: implementing a clinical pathway for normal labour

PubMed Central

Hunter, Billie; Segrott, Jeremy

2014-01-01

This article presents findings from a study of a clinical pathway for normal labour (Normal Labour Pathway) implemented in Wales, UK. The study was conducted between 2004 and 2006. The pathway aimed to support normal childbirth and reduce unnecessary childbirth interventions by promoting midwife-led care. This article focuses on how the pathway influenced the inter-professional relationships and boundaries between midwives and doctors. Data are drawn from semi-participant observation, focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 41 midwives, and semi-structured interviews with five midwifery managers and six doctors, working in two research sites. Whereas some studies have shown how clinical pathways may act as ‘boundary objects’, dissolving professional boundaries, promoting interdisciplinary care and de-differentiating professional identities, the ‘normal labour pathway’ was employed by midwives as an object of demarcation, which legitimised a midwifery model of care, clarified professional boundaries and accentuated differences in professional identities and approaches to childbirth. The pathway represented key characteristics of a professional project: achieving occupational autonomy and closure. Stricter delineation of the boundary between midwifery and obstetric work increased the confidence and professional visibility of midwives but left doctors feeling excluded and undervalued, and paradoxically reduced the scope of midwifery practice through redefining what counted as normal. PMID:24640992

Scaled test statistics and robust standard errors for non-normal data in covariance structure analysis: a Monte Carlo study.

PubMed

Chou, C P; Bentler, P M; Satorra, A

1991-11-01

Research studying robustness of maximum likelihood (ML) statistics in covariance structure analysis has concluded that test statistics and standard errors are biased under severe non-normality. An estimation procedure known as asymptotic distribution free (ADF), making no distributional assumption, has been suggested to avoid these biases. Corrections to the normal theory statistics to yield more adequate performance have also been proposed. This study compares the performance of a scaled test statistic and robust standard errors for two models under several non-normal conditions and also compares these with the results from ML and ADF methods. Both ML and ADF test statistics performed rather well in one model and considerably worse in the other. In general, the scaled test statistic seemed to behave better than the ML test statistic and the ADF statistic performed the worst. The robust and ADF standard errors yielded more appropriate estimates of sampling variability than the ML standard errors, which were usually downward biased, in both models under most of the non-normal conditions. ML test statistics and standard errors were found to be quite robust to the violation of the normality assumption when data had either symmetric and platykurtic distributions, or non-symmetric and zero kurtotic distributions.

Metabolism of organic acids, nitrogen and amino acids in chlorotic leaves of 'Honeycrisp' apple (Malus domestica Borkh) with excessive accumulation of carbohydrates.

PubMed

Wang, Huicong; Ma, Fangfang; Cheng, Lailiang

2010-07-01

Metabolite profiles and activities of key enzymes in the metabolism of organic acids, nitrogen and amino acids were compared between chlorotic leaves and normal leaves of 'Honeycrisp' apple to understand how accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates affects the metabolism of organic acids, nitrogen and amino acids. Excessive accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates and much lower CO(2) assimilation were found in chlorotic leaves than in normal leaves, confirming feedback inhibition of photosynthesis in chlorotic leaves. Dark respiration and activities of several key enzymes in glycolysis and tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, ATP-phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, citrate synthase, aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase were significantly higher in chlorotic leaves than in normal leaves. However, concentrations of most organic acids including phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP), pyruvate, oxaloacetate, 2-oxoglutarate, malate and fumarate, and activities of key enzymes involved in the anapleurotic pathway including PEP carboxylase, NAD-malate dehydrogenase and NAD-malic enzyme were significantly lower in chlorotic leaves than in normal leaves. Concentrations of soluble proteins and most free amino acids were significantly lower in chlorotic leaves than in normal leaves. Activities of key enzymes in nitrogen assimilation and amino acid synthesis, including nitrate reductase, glutamine synthetase, ferredoxin and NADH-dependent glutamate synthase, and glutamate pyruvate transaminase were significantly lower in chlorotic leaves than in normal leaves. It was concluded that, in response to excessive accumulation of non-structural carbohydrates, glycolysis and TCA cycle were up-regulated to "consume" the excess carbon available, whereas the anapleurotic pathway, nitrogen assimilation and amino acid synthesis were down-regulated to reduce the overall rate of amino acid and protein synthesis.

Integrating protein structural dynamics and evolutionary analysis with Bio3D.

PubMed

Skjærven, Lars; Yao, Xin-Qiu; Scarabelli, Guido; Grant, Barry J

2014-12-10

Popular bioinformatics approaches for studying protein functional dynamics include comparisons of crystallographic structures, molecular dynamics simulations and normal mode analysis. However, determining how observed displacements and predicted motions from these traditionally separate analyses relate to each other, as well as to the evolution of sequence, structure and function within large protein families, remains a considerable challenge. This is in part due to the general lack of tools that integrate information of molecular structure, dynamics and evolution. Here, we describe the integration of new methodologies for evolutionary sequence, structure and simulation analysis into the Bio3D package. This major update includes unique high-throughput normal mode analysis for examining and contrasting the dynamics of related proteins with non-identical sequences and structures, as well as new methods for quantifying dynamical couplings and their residue-wise dissection from correlation network analysis. These new methodologies are integrated with major biomolecular databases as well as established methods for evolutionary sequence and comparative structural analysis. New functionality for directly comparing results derived from normal modes, molecular dynamics and principal component analysis of heterogeneous experimental structure distributions is also included. We demonstrate these integrated capabilities with example applications to dihydrofolate reductase and heterotrimeric G-protein families along with a discussion of the mechanistic insight provided in each case. The integration of structural dynamics and evolutionary analysis in Bio3D enables researchers to go beyond a prediction of single protein dynamics to investigate dynamical features across large protein families. The Bio3D package is distributed with full source code and extensive documentation as a platform independent R package under a GPL2 license from http://thegrantlab.org/bio3d/ .

14 CFR 23.307 - Proof of structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Proof of structure. 23.307 Section 23.307... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure General § 23.307 Proof of structure. (a) Compliance with the strength and deformation requirements of § 23.305 must be shown for each...

Integrating normal and abnormal personality structure: a proposal for DSM-V.

PubMed

Widiger, Thomas A

2011-06-01

The personality disorders section of the American Psychiatric Association's fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V) is currently being developed. The purpose of the current paper is to encourage the authors of DSM-V to integrate normal and abnormal personality structure within a common, integrative model, and to suggest that the optimal choice for such an integration would be the five-factor model (FFM) of general personality structure. A proposal for the classification of personality disorder from the perspective of the FFM is provided. Discussed as well are implications and issues associated with an FFM of personality disorder, including validity, coverage, feasibility, clinical utility, and treatment implications.

On Three-dimensional Structures in Relativistic Hydrodynamic Jets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hardee, Philip E.

2000-04-01

The appearance of wavelike helical structures on steady relativistic jets is studied using a normal mode analysis of the linearized fluid equations. Helical structures produced by the normal modes scale relative to the resonant (most unstable) wavelength and not with the absolute wavelength. The resonant wavelength of the normal modes can be less than the jet radius even on highly relativistic jets. High-pressure regions helically twisted around the jet beam may be confined close to the jet surface, penetrate deeply into the jet interior, or be confined to the jet interior. The high-pressure regions range from thin and ribbon-like to thick and tubelike depending on the mode and wavelength. The wave speeds can be significantly different at different wavelengths but are less than the flow speed. The highest wave speed for the jets studied has a Lorentz factor somewhat more than half that of the underlying flow speed. A maximum pressure fluctuation criterion found through comparison between theory and a set of relativistic axisymmetric jet simulations is applied to estimate the maximum amplitudes of the helical, elliptical, and triangular normal modes. Transverse velocity fluctuations for these asymmetric modes are up to twice the amplitude of those associated with the axisymmetric pinch mode. The maximum amplitude of jet distortions and the accompanying velocity fluctuations at, for example, the resonant wavelength decreases as the Lorentz factor increases. Long-wavelength helical surface mode and shorter wavelength helical first body mode generated structures should be the most significant. Emission from high-pressure regions as they twist around the jet beam can vary significantly as a result of angular variation in the flow direction associated with normal mode structures if they are viewed at about the beaming angle θ=1/γ. Variation in the Doppler boost factor can lead to brightness asymmetries by factors up to 6 as long-wavelength helical structure produced by the helical surface mode winds around the jet. Higher order surface modes and first body modes produce less variation. Angular variation in the flow direction associated with the helical mode appears consistent with precessing jet models that have been proposed to explain the variability in 3C 273 and BL Lac object AO 0235+164. In particular, cyclic angular variation in the flow direction produced by the normal modes could produce the activity seen in BL Lac object OJ 287. Jet precession provides a mechanism for triggering the helical modes on multiple length scales, e.g., the galactic superluminal GRO J1655-40.

Tumor Blood Vessel Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munn, Lance

2009-11-01

``Normalization'' of tumor blood vessels has shown promise to improve the efficacy of chemotherapeutics. In theory, anti-angiogenic drugs targeting endothelial VEGF signaling can improve vessel network structure and function, enhancing the transport of subsequent cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells. In practice, the effects are unpredictable, with varying levels of success. The predominant effects of anti-VEGF therapies are decreased vessel leakiness (hydraulic conductivity), decreased vessel diameters and pruning of the immature vessel network. It is thought that each of these can influence perfusion of the vessel network, inducing flow in regions that were previously sluggish or stagnant. Unfortunately, when anti-VEGF therapies affect vessel structure and function, the changes are dynamic and overlapping in time, and it has been difficult to identify a consistent and predictable normalization ``window'' during which perfusion and subsequent drug delivery is optimal. This is largely due to the non-linearity in the system, and the inability to distinguish the effects of decreased vessel leakiness from those due to network structural changes in clinical trials or animal studies. We have developed a mathematical model to calculate blood flow in complex tumor networks imaged by two-photon microscopy. The model incorporates the necessary and sufficient components for addressing the problem of normalization of tumor vasculature: i) lattice-Boltzmann calculations of the full flow field within the vasculature and within the tissue, ii) diffusion and convection of soluble species such as oxygen or drugs within vessels and the tissue domain, iii) distinct and spatially-resolved vessel hydraulic conductivities and permeabilities for each species, iv) erythrocyte particles advecting in the flow and delivering oxygen with real oxygen release kinetics, v) shear stress-mediated vascular remodeling. This model, guided by multi-parameter intravital imaging of tumor vessel structure and function, provides a tool for identifying the structural and functional determinants of tumor vessel normalization.

14 CFR 23.321 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Loads § 23.321 General. (a) Flight load factors represent the ratio of the aerodynamic force component (acting normal to... distribution of disposable load within the operating limitations specified in §§ 23.1583 through 23.1589. (c...

Near- and far-field investigation of dark and bright higher order resonances in square loop elements at mid-infrared wavelengths.

PubMed

Tucker, Eric; D'Archangel, Jeffrey; Boreman, Glenn

2017-03-06

Three different size gold square loop structures were fabricated as arrays on ZnS over a ground plane and designed to have absorptive fundamental, second order, and third order resonances at a wavelength of 10.6 µm and 60° off-normal. The angular dependent far-field spectral absorptivity was investigated over the mid-infrared for each size loop array. It was found that the second order modes were dark at normal incidence, but became excited at off-normal incidence, which is consistent with previous work for similar geometry structures. Furthermore, near-field measurements and simulations at a wavelength of 10.6 µm and 60° off-normal showed that the second order mode (quadrupolar) of the medium size loop yielded a near-field response similar in magnitude to the fundamental mode (dipolar) of the small size loop, which can be important for sensing related applications where both strong near-field enhancement and more uniform or less localized field is beneficial.

A comparative study of annealing of waxy, normal and high-amylose maize starches: the role of amylose molecules.

PubMed

Wang, Shujun; Wang, Jinrong; Yu, Jinglin; Wang, Shuo

2014-12-01

The effect of annealing on starch structure and functionality of three maize starches (waxy, normal and high-amylose) was investigated, with the aim of understanding the role of amylose molecules during starch annealing. Amylose content, granular morphology and crystallinity of maize starches were little affected by annealing treatment. Annealing treatment did not alter the swelling power of waxy maize starch, but reduced the swelling power of normal and high-amylose maize starches. The thermal transition temperatures were increased, and the temperature range was decreased, but the enthalpy change was not affected greatly. The pasting viscosities of normal and waxy maize starches were decreased significantly, with the pasting temperature being little affected. The in vitro digestibility of three maize starches was not affected significantly by annealing treatment. Our results demonstrated that amylose molecules play an important role in the structural reorganization of starch granules during annealing treatment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

FT-IR Spectroscopic Analysis of Normal and Malignant Human Oral Tissues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishnakumar, N.; Madhavan, R. Nirmal; Sumesh, P.; Palaniappan, Pl. Rm.; Venkatachalam, P.; Ramachandran, C. R.

2008-11-01

FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to explore the changes in the vibrational bands of normal and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues in the region 4000-400 cm-1. Significant changes in the spectral features were observed. The spectral changes were the results of characteristics structural alterations at the molecular level in the malignant tissues. These alterations include structural changes of proteins and possible increase of its content, an increase in the nucleic-to-cytoplasm ratio, an increase in the relative amount of DNA, an increase in the rate of phosphorylation process induced by carcinogenesis, a loss of hydrogen bonding of the C-OH groups in the amino acid residues of proteins, a decrease in the relative amount of lipids compared to normal epithelial oral tissues. The results of the present study demonstrate that the FT-IR technique has the feasibility of discriminating malignant from normal tissues and other pathological states in a short period of time and may detect malignant transformation earlier than the standard histological examination stage.

A normal' category-specific advantage for naming living things.

PubMed

Laws, K R; Neve, C

1999-10-01

'Artefactual' accounts of category-specific disorders for living things have highlighted that compared to nonliving things, living things have lower name frequency, lower concept familiarity and greater visual complexity and greater within-category structural similarity or 'visual crowding' [7]. These hypotheses imply that deficits for living things are an exaggeration of some 'normal tendency'. Contrary to these notions, we found that normal subjects were consistently worse at naming nonliving than living things in a speeded presentation paradigm. Moreover, their naming was not predicted by concept familiarity, name frequency or visual complexity; however, a novel measure of visual familiarity (i.e. for the appearance of things) did significantly predict naming. We propose that under speeded conditions, normal subjects find nonliving things harder to name because their representations are less visually predictable than for living things (i.e. nonliving things show greater within-item structural variability). Finally, because nonliving things have multiple representations in the real world, this may lower the probability of finding impaired naming and recognition in this category.

Vibrational spectral investigation on xanthine and its derivatives—theophylline, caffeine and theobromine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gunasekaran, S.; Sankari, G.; Ponnusamy, S.

2005-01-01

A normal coordinate analysis has been carried out on four compounds having a similar ring structure with different side chain substitutions, which are xanthine, caffeine, theophylline, and theobromine. Xanthine is chemically known as 2,6-dihydroxy purine. Caffeine, theophylline and theobromine are methylated xanthines. Considering the methyl groups as point mass, the number of normal modes of vibrations can be distributed as Γ vib=27 A'+12 A″ based on C s point group symmetry associated with the structures. In the present work 15 A' and 12 A″ normal modes are considered. A new set of orthonormal symmetry co-ordinates have been constructed. Wilson's F- G matrix method has been adopted for the normal coordinate analysis. A satisfactory vibrational band assignment has been made by employing the FTIR and FT Raman spectra of the compounds. The potential energy distribution is calculated with the arrived values of the force constants and hence the agreement of the frequency assignment has been checked.

Structural and functional consequences of antigenic modulation of red blood cells with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol).

PubMed

Murad, K L; Mahany, K L; Brugnara, C; Kuypers, F A; Eaton, J W; Scott, M D

1999-03-15

We previously showed that the covalent modification of the red blood cell (RBC) surface with methoxypoly(ethylene glycol) [mPEG; MW approximately 5 kD] could significantly attenuate the immunologic recognition of surface antigens. However, to make these antigenically silent RBC a clinically viable option, the mPEG-modified RBC must maintain normal cellular structure and functions. To this end, mPEG-derivatization was found to have no significant detrimental effects on RBC structure or function at concentrations that effectively blocked antigenic recognition of a variety of RBC antigens. Importantly, RBC lysis, morphology, and hemoglobin oxidation state were unaffected by mPEG-modification. Furthermore, as shown by functional studies of Band 3, a major site of modification, PEG-binding does not affect protein function, as evidenced by normal SO4- flux. Similarly, Na+ and K+ homeostasis were unaffected. The functional aspects of the mPEG-modified RBC were also maintained, as evidenced by normal oxygen binding and cellular deformability. Perhaps most importantly, mPEG-derivatized mouse RBC showed normal in vivo survival ( approximately 50 days) with no sensitization after repeated transfusions. These data further support the hypothesis that the covalent attachment of nonimmunogenic materials (eg, mPEG) to intact RBC may have significant application in transfusion medicine, especially for the chronically transfused and/or allosensitized patient.

Inheritance of balanced translocation t(17; 22) from a Down syndrome mother to a phenotypically normal daughter.

PubMed

Liu, X Y; Jiang, Y T; Wang, R X; Luo, L L; Liu, Y H; Liu, R Z

2015-08-28

We report that a 30-year-old woman with mental retardation was referred for prenatal diagnoses during pregnancy. An ultrasound scan showed that the heart structure and function of the fetus were normal. Cytogenetic analysis showed that the female karyotype was 47,XX, t(17; 22) (q21; q11), +21. The woman's husband had a normal male karyotype and was phenotypically normal. During this first pregnancy, an amniocentesis, which was done at 19 weeks, revealed that the fetal karyotype was 46,XX, t(17; 22) (q21; q11). Fluorescence in situ hybridization testing of amniotic fluid gave a normal result for chromosome 21. The child was a phenotypically normal female baby.

14 CFR 23.365 - Pressurized cabin loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... landing. (d) The airplane structure must be strong enough to withstand the pressure differential loads... AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure Flight Loads § 23... structure must be strong enough to withstand the flight loads combined with pressure differential loads from...

14 CFR 23.571 - Metallic pressurized cabin structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AIRCRAFT AIRWORTHINESS STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Structure... the following: (a) A fatigue strength investigation in which the structure is shown by tests, or by analysis supported by test evidence, to be able to withstand the repeated loads of variable magnitude...

Molecular dynamics study of lipid bilayers modeling the plasma membranes of normal murine thymocytes and leukemic GRSL cells.

PubMed

Andoh, Yoshimichi; Okazaki, Susumu; Ueoka, Ryuichi

2013-04-01

Molecular dynamics (MD) calculations for the plasma membranes of normal murine thymocytes and thymus-derived leukemic GRSL cells in water have been performed under physiological isothermal-isobaric conditions (310.15K and 1 atm) to investigate changes in membrane properties induced by canceration. The model membranes used in our calculations for normal and leukemic thymocytes comprised 23 and 25 kinds of lipids, respectively, including phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, lysophospholipids, and cholesterol. The mole fractions of the lipids adopted here were based on previously published experimental values. Our calculations clearly showed that the membrane area was increased in leukemic cells, and that the isothermal area compressibility of the leukemic plasma membranes was double that of normal cells. The calculated membranes of leukemic cells were thus considerably bulkier and softer in the lateral direction compared with those of normal cells. The tilt angle of the cholesterol and the conformation of the phospholipid fatty acid tails both showed a lower level of order in leukemic cell membranes compared with normal cell membranes. The lateral radial distribution function of the lipids also showed a more disordered structure in leukemic cell membranes than in normal cell membranes. These observations all show that, for the present thymocytes, the lateral structure of the membrane is considerably disordered by canceration. Furthermore, the calculated lateral self-diffusion coefficient of the lipid molecules in leukemic cell membranes was almost double that in normal cell membranes. The calculated rotational and wobbling autocorrelation functions also indicated that the molecular motion of the lipids was enhanced in leukemic cell membranes. Thus, here we have demonstrated that the membranes of thymocyte leukemic cells are more disordered and more fluid than normal cell membranes. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Brain Structural Differences between Normal and Obese Adults and their Links with Lack of Perseverance, Negative Urgency, and Sensation Seeking.

PubMed

Wang, Haifeng; Wen, Baohong; Cheng, Jingliang; Li, Hongpeng

2017-01-16

In order to examine the difference in brain structure between obese and normal weight individuals, and to explore the relationship between the neuroanatomical changes and impulsivity traits, this study used a voxel-based morphometry method to examine gray matter (GM) volume alterations related to impulsive personality traits in obese individuals relative to normal weight. Eighty adults that completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale were analyzed. Possible GM volume alterations were first analyzed at the whole brain level, and then the relationship between regional GM volume differences and UPPS-P scores were examined in selected regions of interest. Reduced GM volumes were found in the frontal and limbic regions in the obese group compared to normal weight individuals. In the normal weight group, lack of perseverance was negatively correlated with GM volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, and negative urgency was negatively correlated with GM volume in the insula. In the obese group, sensation seeking was negatively correlated with GM volume in the left amygdala and right pallidum. These findings might improve our understanding of the relationship between lack of perseverance, negative urgency, and sensation seeking and body weight fluctuations.

Brain Structural Differences between Normal and Obese Adults and their Links with Lack of Perseverance, Negative Urgency, and Sensation Seeking

PubMed Central

Wang, Haifeng; Wen, Baohong; Cheng, Jingliang; Li, Hongpeng

2017-01-01

In order to examine the difference in brain structure between obese and normal weight individuals, and to explore the relationship between the neuroanatomical changes and impulsivity traits, this study used a voxel-based morphometry method to examine gray matter (GM) volume alterations related to impulsive personality traits in obese individuals relative to normal weight. Eighty adults that completed the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale were analyzed. Possible GM volume alterations were first analyzed at the whole brain level, and then the relationship between regional GM volume differences and UPPS-P scores were examined in selected regions of interest. Reduced GM volumes were found in the frontal and limbic regions in the obese group compared to normal weight individuals. In the normal weight group, lack of perseverance was negatively correlated with GM volume in the anterior cingulate cortex, and negative urgency was negatively correlated with GM volume in the insula. In the obese group, sensation seeking was negatively correlated with GM volume in the left amygdala and right pallidum. These findings might improve our understanding of the relationship between lack of perseverance, negative urgency, and sensation seeking and body weight fluctuations. PMID:28091559

Long Valley caldera and the UCERF depiction of Sierra Nevada range-front faults

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hill, David P.; Montgomery-Brown, Emily K.

2015-01-01

Long Valley caldera lies within a left-stepping offset in the north-northwest-striking Sierra Nevada range-front normal faults with the Hilton Creek fault to the south and Hartley Springs fault to the north. Both Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast (UCERF) 2 and its update, UCERF3, depict slip on these major range-front normal faults as extending well into the caldera, with significant normal slip on overlapping, subparallel segments separated by ∼10  km. This depiction is countered by (1) geologic evidence that normal faulting within the caldera consists of a series of graben structures associated with postcaldera magmatism (intrusion and tumescence) and not systematic down-to-the-east displacements consistent with distributed range-front faulting and (2) the lack of kinematic evidence for an evolving, postcaldera relay ramp structure between overlapping strands of the two range-front normal faults. The modifications to the UCERF depiction described here reduce the predicted shaking intensity within the caldera, and they are in accord with the tectonic influence that underlapped offset range-front faults have on seismicity patterns within the caldera associated with ongoing volcanic unrest.

19 CFR 351.505 - Loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... future action or achieving some goal in fulfillment of the loan's requirements, the Secretary normally...-provided loan, the Secretary normally will place primary emphasis on similarities in the structure of the... paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if the government-provided loan is a short-term loan, the Secretary...

19 CFR 351.505 - Loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... future action or achieving some goal in fulfillment of the loan's requirements, the Secretary normally...-provided loan, the Secretary normally will place primary emphasis on similarities in the structure of the... paragraph (a)(1) of this section, if the government-provided loan is a short-term loan, the Secretary...

Fernandina caldera collapse morphology in geometric and dynamic comparison to sandbox models, subsidence sinks over nuclear-explosion cavities, and some other calderas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Howard, K. A.

2009-12-01

The 1968 collapse structure of Fernandina caldera (1.5 km3 collapsed) and also the smaller Darwin Bay caldera in Galápagos each closely resembles morphologically the structural zoning of features found in depressions collapsed into nuclear-explosion cavities (“sinks” of Houser, 1969) and in coherent sandbox-collapse models. Coherent collapses characterized by faulting, folding, and organized structure contrast with spalled pit craters (and lab experiments with collapsed powder) where disorganized piles of floor rubble result from tensile failure of the roof. Subsidence in coherent mode, whether in weak sand in the lab, stronger desert alluvium for nuclear-test sinks, or in hard rock for calderas, exhibits consistent morphologic zones. Characteristically in the sandbox and the nuclear-test analogs these include a first-formed central plug that drops along annular reverse faults. This plug and a surrounding inward-tilted or monoclinal ring (hanging wall of the reverse fault) contract as the structure expands outward by normal faulting, wherein peripheral rings of distending material widen the upper part of the structure along inward-dipping normal faults and compress inner zones and help keep them intact. In Fernandina, a region between the monocline and the outer zone of normal faulting is interpreted, by comparison to the analogs, to overlie the deflation margin of an underlying magma chamber. The same zoning pattern is recognized in structures ranging from sandbox subsidence features centimeters across, to Alae lave lake and nuclear-test sinks tens to hundreds of meters across, to Fenandina’s 2x4 km-wide collapse, to Martian calderas tens of kilometers across. Simple dimensional analysis using the height of cliffs as a proxie for material strength implies that the geometric analogs are good dynamic analogs, and validates that the pattern of both reverse and normal faulting that has been reported consistently from sandbox modeling applies widely to calderas.

Weight restoration therapy rapidly reverses cortical thinning in anorexia nervosa: A longitudinal study.

PubMed

Bernardoni, Fabio; King, Joseph A; Geisler, Daniel; Stein, Elisa; Jaite, Charlotte; Nätsch, Dagmar; Tam, Friederike I; Boehm, Ilka; Seidel, Maria; Roessner, Veit; Ehrlich, Stefan

2016-04-15

Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have documented reduced gray matter in acutely ill patients with anorexia nervosa to be at least partially reversible following weight restoration. However, few longitudinal studies exist and the underlying mechanisms of these structural changes are elusive. In particular, the relative speed and completeness of brain structure normalization during realimentation remain unknown. Here we report from a structural neuroimaging study including a sample of adolescent/young adult female patients with acute anorexia nervosa (n=47), long-term recovered patients (n=34), and healthy controls (n=75). The majority of acutely ill patients were scanned longitudinally (n=35): at the beginning of standardized weight restoration therapy and again after partial weight normalization (>10% body mass index increase). High-resolution structural images were processed and analyzed with the longitudinal stream of FreeSurfer software to test for changes in cortical thickness and volumes of select subcortical regions of interest. We found globally reduced cortical thickness in acutely ill patients to increase rapidly (0.06 mm/month) during brief weight restoration therapy (≈3 months). This significant increase was predicted by weight restoration alone and could not be ascribed to potentially mediating factors such as duration of illness, hydration status, or symptom improvements. By comparing cortical thickness in partially weight-restored patients with that measured in healthy controls, we confirmed that cortical thickness had normalized already at follow-up. This pattern of thinning in illness and rapid normalization during weight rehabilitation was largely mirrored in subcortical volumes. Together, our findings indicate that structural brain insults inflicted by starvation in anorexia nervosa may be reversed at a rate much faster than previously thought if interventions are successful before the disorder becomes chronic. This provides evidence drawing previously speculated mechanisms such as (de-)hydration and neurogenesis into question and suggests that neuronal and/or glial remodeling including changes in macromolecular content may underlie the gray matter alterations observed in anorexia nervosa. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vila, Fernando D.; Rehr, John J.; Nuzzo, Ralph G.

Supported Pt nanocatalysts generally exhibit anomalous behavior, including negative thermal expansion and large structural disorder. Finite temperature DFT/MD simulations reproduce these properties, showing that they are largely explained by a combination of thermal vibrations and low-frequency disorder. We show in this paper that a full interpretation is more complex and that the DFT/MD mean-square relative displacements (MSRD) can be further separated into vibrational disorder, “dynamic structural disorder” (DSD), and long-time equilibrium fluctuations of the structure dubbed “anomalous structural disorder” (ASD). We find that the vibrational and DSD components behave normally, increasing linearly with temperature while the ASD decreases, reflecting themore » evolution of mean nanoparticle geometry. Finally, as a consequence the usual procedure of fitting the MSRD to normal vibrations plus temperature-independent static disorder results in unphysical bond strengths and Grüneisen parameters.« less

Tensor products of process matrices with indefinite causal structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Ding; Sakharwade, Nitica

2018-03-01

Theories with indefinite causal structure have been studied from both the fundamental perspective of quantum gravity and the practical perspective of information processing. In this paper we point out a restriction in forming tensor products of objects with indefinite causal structure in certain models: there exist both classical and quantum objects the tensor products of which violate the normalization condition of probabilities, if all local operations are allowed. We obtain a necessary and sufficient condition for when such unrestricted tensor products of multipartite objects are (in)valid. This poses a challenge to extending communication theory to indefinite causal structures, as the tensor product is the fundamental ingredient in the asymptotic setting of communication theory. We discuss a few options to evade this issue. In particular, we show that the sequential asymptotic setting does not suffer the violation of normalization.

Comparative Tectonics of Europa and Ganymede

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pappalardo, R. T.; Collins, G. C.; Prockter, L. M.; Head, J. W.

2000-10-01

Europa and Ganymede are sibling satellites with tectonic similarities and differences. Ganymede's ancient dark terrain is crossed by furrows, probably related to ancient large impacts, and has been normal faulted to various degrees. Bright grooved is pervasively deformed at multiple scales and is locally highly strained, consistent with normal faulting of an ice-rich lithosphere above a ductile asthenosphere, along with minor horizontal shear. Little evidence has been identified for compressional structures. The relative roles of tectonism and icy cryovolcanism in creating bright grooved terrain is an outstanding issue. Some ridge and trough structures within Europa's bands show tectonic similarities to Ganymede's grooved terrain, specifically sawtooth structures resembling normal fault blocks. Small-scale troughs are consistent with widened tension fractures. Shearing has produced transtensional and transpressional structures in Europan bands. Large-scale folds are recognized on Europa, with synclinal small-scale ridges and scarps probably representing folds and/or thrust blocks. Europa's ubiquitous double ridges may have originated as warm ice upwelled along tidally heated fracture zones. The morphological variety of ridges and troughs on Europa imply that care must be taken in inferring their origin. The relative youth of Europa's surface means that the satellite has preserved near-pristine morphologies of many structures, though sputter erosion could have altered the morphology of older topography. Moderate-resolution imaging has revealed lesser apparent diversity in Ganymede's ridge and trough types. Galileo's 28th orbit has brought new 20 m/pixel imaging of Ganymede, allowing direct comparison to Europa's small-scale structures.

Using small molecule reagents to help distinguish among prion structural models

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The only demonstrated difference between infectious prions (PrPSc) and the isosequential normal cellular prion protein (PrPC) is conformation. The structure of PrPC has been determined by a variety of instrumental techniques. The structure of prions remains uncertain. Recent instrumental analysis h...

Minimization of color shift generated in RGBW quad structure.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hong Chul; Yun, Jae Kyeong; Baek, Heume-Il; Kim, Ki Duk; Oh, Eui Yeol; Chung, In Jae

2005-03-01

The purpose of RGBW Quad Structure Technology is to realize higher brightness than that of normal panel (RGB stripe structure) by adding white sub-pixel to existing RGB stripe structure. However, there is side effect called 'color shift' resulted from increasing brightness. This side effect degrades general color characteristics due to change of 'Hue', 'Brightness' and 'Saturation' as compared with existing RGB stripe structure. Especially, skin-tone colors show a tendency to get darker in contrast to normal panel. We"ve tried to minimize 'color shift' through use of LUT (Look Up Table) for linear arithmetic processing of input data, data bit expansion to 12-bit for minimizing arithmetic tolerance and brightness weight of white sub-pixel on each R, G, B pixel. The objective of this study is to minimize and keep Δu'v' value (we commonly use to represent a color difference), quantitative basis of color difference between RGB stripe structure and RGBW quad structure, below 0.01 level (existing 0.02 or higher) using Macbeth colorchecker that is general reference of color characteristics.

Effect of normalizing and tempering on structure and mechanical properties of advanced martensitic 10% Cr-3% Co-0.2% Re steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fedoseeva, Alexandra; Nikitin, Ivan; Dudova, Nadezhda; Kaibyshev, Rustam

2017-12-01

9-10% Cr-3% Co martensitic steels are perspective materials for elements of boilers, tubes, and pipes for fossil power plants, which are able to work at ultra-supercritical steam parameters (T = 620-650°C, P = 25-30 MPa). The advanced martensitic 10% Cr-3% Co-3% W-0.2% Re-VNbBN steel was thermally treated in different regimes to obtain the combination of the hardness less than 220 HB and impact toughness more than 40 J/cm-2. Heat treatment consisting of normalization at temperatures above A3 and tempering at temperatures below A1 has to provide the formation of a hierarchical structure of tempered martensite laths with a high dislocation density within martensitic laths. This structure consists of prior-austenite grains, which are separated into blocks, which contain packets with laths. An increase in the normalizing temperature from 1050 to 1150°C increases the mean size of prior-austenite grains from 59 to 150 µm. No δ-ferrite is revealed at any temperature. No δ-ferrite in the structure even at T = 1150°C is provided by the balance between α- and γ-stabilizers. The effect of different regimes of heat treatment on the structure and mechanical properties (hardness, yield stress, ultimate tensile strength, elongation, impact toughness) is discussed in detail.