Sample records for studies considers existing

  1. Localized transversal-rotational modes in linear chains of equal masses.

    PubMed

    Pichard, H; Duclos, A; Groby, J-P; Tournat, V; Gusev, V E

    2014-01-01

    The propagation and localization of transversal-rotational waves in a two-dimensional granular chain of equal masses are analyzed in this study. The masses are infinitely long cylinders possessing one translational and one rotational degree of freedom. Two dispersive propagating modes are predicted in this granular crystal. By considering the semi-infinite chain with a boundary condition applied at its beginning, the analytical study demonstrates the existence of localized modes, each mode composed of two evanescent modes. Their existence, position (either in the gap between the propagating modes or in the gap above the upper propagating mode), and structure of spatial localization are analyzed as a function of the relative strength of the shear and bending interparticle interactions and for different boundary conditions. This demonstrates the existence of a localized mode in a semi-infinite monatomic chain when transversal-rotational waves are considered, while it is well known that these types of modes do not exist when longitudinal waves are considered.

  2. Multiple positive solutions to a coupled systems of nonlinear fractional differential equations.

    PubMed

    Shah, Kamal; Khan, Rahmat Ali

    2016-01-01

    In this article, we study existence, uniqueness and nonexistence of positive solution to a highly nonlinear coupled system of fractional order differential equations. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of positive solution are developed by using Perov's fixed point theorem for the considered problem. Further, we also established sufficient conditions for existence of multiplicity results for positive solutions. Also, we developed some conditions under which the considered coupled system of fractional order differential equations has no positive solution. Appropriate examples are also provided which demonstrate our results.

  3. Feasibility study of an aerospace museum in the western United States. Volume 1: Summary, conclusions, and recommendations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1972-01-01

    A survey of existing aerospace museums in the U.S. and a study of the feasibility of establishing an aerospace museum in the western U.S. are summarized. It is recommended that prime consideration be given to carefully considered support of development of existing aerospace exhibits rather than establishment of a new major museum. In the event that the decision is made to pursue the establishment of a new museum, Los Angeles is considered to be the most favorable location. In particular, because of the large attendance and existing building space at the California Museum of Science and Industry at Los Angeles, it is recommended that this museum's proposal be given first consideration. Supporting surveys of aerospace museums, funding, and related studies are also summarized.

  4. Faculty Leadership in Baccalaureate Study Abroad Programs: The Relationship between Faculty Preparedness and Intercultural Competence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    MacDonald, Carla J.

    2012-01-01

    The dissertation describes projected research to investigate whether a relationship exists between faculty in baccalaureate education who lead short term study abroad programs (SAPS) and their levels of intercultural competency. Specifically, the research collected considers whether a connection exists between those faculty who received…

  5. Global existence and finite time blow-up for a class of thin-film equation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dong, Zhihua; Zhou, Jun

    2017-08-01

    This paper deals with a class of thin-film equation, which was considered in Li et al. (Nonlinear Anal Theory Methods Appl 147:96-109, 2016), where the case of lower initial energy (J(u_0)≤ d and d is a positive constant) was discussed, and the conditions on global existence or blow-up are given. We extend the results of this paper on two aspects: Firstly, we consider the upper and lower bounds of blow-up time and asymptotic behavior when J(u_0)d.

  6. Standard spacecraft economic analysis. Volume 1: Executive summary

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harris, E. D.; Large, J. P.

    1976-01-01

    A study of the comparative program costs associated with use of various standardized spacecraft for Air Force space test program missions to be flown on the space shuttle during the 1980-1990 time period is reviewed. The first phase of the study considered a variety of procurement mixes composed of existing or programmed NASA standard spacecraft designs and a Air Force standard spacecraft design. The results were briefed to a joint NASA/Air Force audience on July 11, 1976. The second phase considered additional procurement options using an upgraded version of an existing NASA design. The results of both phases are summarized.

  7. Policy Critics and Policy Survivors: Who Are They and How Do They Contribute to a Department Policy Role Typology?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Golding, Jennie

    2017-01-01

    This paper considers the policy "roles" adopted by teachers enacting policy in a department. It draws on a longitudinal study of two secondary mathematics departments endeavouring to make deep change aligned with a demanding curriculum policy. The study validates aspects of an existing typology, demonstrates the existence of a variety of…

  8. Disturbing Practices: Training Workers to Be Lean

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Yasukawa, Keiko; Brown, Tony; Black, Stephen

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore the possibilities for expansive learning during organisational change. It considers the introduction of "lean production" as a disturbance to the existing work practices. Design/methodology/approach: The paper considers two case studies of "lean production" training with…

  9. Environmental criteria for human comfort. A study of the related literature

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jacobson, I. D.

    1974-01-01

    The data presented has for the most part been extracted from existing in-house and memoranda reports. The variables considered are motion, noise, temperature and pressure. The report is broken down into chapters for each of the environmental variables and criteria proposed based on the existing literature.

  10. One-Dimensional Forward–Forward Mean-Field Games

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gomes, Diogo A., E-mail: diogo.gomes@kaust.edu.sa; Nurbekyan, Levon; Sedjro, Marc

    While the general theory for the terminal-initial value problem for mean-field games (MFGs) has achieved a substantial progress, the corresponding forward–forward problem is still poorly understood—even in the one-dimensional setting. Here, we consider one-dimensional forward–forward MFGs, study the existence of solutions and their long-time convergence. First, we discuss the relation between these models and systems of conservation laws. In particular, we identify new conserved quantities and study some qualitative properties of these systems. Next, we introduce a class of wave-like equations that are equivalent to forward–forward MFGs, and we derive a novel formulation as a system of conservation laws. Formore » first-order logarithmic forward–forward MFG, we establish the existence of a global solution. Then, we consider a class of explicit solutions and show the existence of shocks. Finally, we examine parabolic forward–forward MFGs and establish the long-time convergence of the solutions.« less

  11. Chinese Preschoolers' Resource Allocation in the Face of Existing Inequality under Collaborative and Noncollaborative Contexts

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chai, Qiao; He, Jie

    2017-01-01

    The current study investigated the stage at which Chinese preschoolers started considering recipients' material welfare and minimizing existing inequalities under both noncollaborative and collaborative contexts. Also, it analyzed how they behaved when recipients' material welfare was in conflict with merit or equality rule. Experiment 1 found…

  12. Quasi-linear theory of electron density and temperature fluctuations with application to MHD generators and MPD arc thrusters

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, M.

    1972-01-01

    Fluctuations in electron density and temperature coupled through Ohm's law are studied for an ionizable medium. The nonlinear effects are considered in the limit of a third order quasi-linear treatment. Equations are derived for the amplitude of the fluctuation. Conditions under which a steady state can exist in the presence of the fluctuation are examined and effective transport properties are determined. A comparison is made to previously considered second order theory. The effect of third order terms indicates the possibility of fluctuations existing in regions predicted stable by previous analysis.

  13. Feasibility study on the design of a probe for rectal cancer detection

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Anselm, V. J.; Frazer, R. E.; Lecroisset, D. H.; Roseboro, J. A.; Smokler, M. I.

    1977-01-01

    Rectal examination techniques are considered in terms of detection capability, patient acceptance, and cost reduction. A review of existing clinical techniques are considered in terms of detection capability, patient acceptance, and cost reduction. A review of existing clinical techniques and of relevant aerospace technology included evaluation of the applicability of visual, thermal, ultrasound, and radioisotope modalities of examination. The desired improvements can be obtained by redesigning the proctosigmoidoscope to have reduced size, additional visibility, and the capability of readily providing a color photograph of the entire rectosigmoid mucosa in a single composite view.

  14. Interlaminar stress singularities at a straight free edge in composite laminates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Raju, I. S.; Crews, J. H., Jr.

    1981-01-01

    A quasi-three-dimensional finite-element analysis was used to analyze the edge-stress problem in four-ply, composite laminates. The seven laminates that were considered belong to the laminate family where the outer ply angle is between 0 and 90 deg. Systematic convergence studies were made to explore the existence of stress singularities near the free edge. The present analysis appears to confirm the existence of stress singularities at the intersection of the interface and the free edge. The power of the stress singularity was the same for all seven laminates considered.

  15. The Costs and Benefits of Compliance with Renewable Portfolio Standards: Reviewing Experience to Date

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Heeter, Jenny; Barbose, Galen; Bird, Lori

    2014-03-12

    More than half of U.S. states have renewable portfolio standards (RPS) in place and have collectively deployed approximately 46,000 MW of new renewable energy capacity through year-end 2012. Most of these policies have five or more years of implementation experience, enabling an assessment of their costs and benefits. Understanding RPS benefits and costs is essential for policymakers evaluating existing RPS policies, assessing the need for modifications, and considering new policies. A key aspect of this study is the comprehensive review of existing RPS cost and benefit estimates, in addition to an examination of the variety of methods used to calculatemore » such estimates. Based on available data and estimates reported by utilities and regulators, this study summarizes RPS costs to date. The study considers how those costs may evolve going forward, given scheduled increases in RPS targets and cost containment mechanisms incorporated into existing policies. The report also summarizes RPS benefits estimates, based on published studies for individual states, and discusses key methodological considerations.« less

  16. The Case of a Self-Contained Elementary Classroom for the Gifted: Student, Teacher, and Parent Perceptions of Existing versus Desired Teaching-Learning Aspects

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vidergor, Hava E.; Azar Gordon, Lea

    2015-01-01

    This study examined whether a self-contained gifted classroom meets the needs of its learners. Considering the existing and desired aspects, as perceived by students, teachers, and parents, it offers a unique lens forming a holistic in-depth view of the self-contained classroom. Forty-two participants took part in this study: 20 students, 15…

  17. Existence and uniqueness of steady state solutions of a nonlocal diffusive logistic equation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Linan; Shi, Junping; Wang, Yuwen

    2013-08-01

    In this paper, we consider a dynamical model of population biology which is of the classical Fisher type, but the competition interaction between individuals is nonlocal. The existence, uniqueness, and stability of the steady state solution of the nonlocal problem on a bounded interval with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions are studied.

  18. A simple condition for uniqueness of the absolutely continuous ergodic measure and its application to economic models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sato, Kenji; Yano, Makoto

    2012-09-01

    Unique existence of the absolutely continuous ergodic measure, or existence of ergodic chaos (in a strong sense), has been considered important in economics since it explains the mechanism underlying economic fluctuations. In the present study, a simple sufficient condition for ergodic chaos is proved and applied to economic models.

  19. National Facilities study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1994-01-01

    This study provides a set of recommendations for improving the effectiveness of our nation's aeronautics and space facilities. The study plan considers current and future government and commercial needs as well as DOD and NASA mission requirements through the year 2023. It addresses shortfalls in existing capabilities, new facility requirements, upgrades, consolidations, and phase-out of existing facilities. If the recommendations are implemented, they will provide world-class capability where it is vital to our country's needs and make us more efficient in meeting future needs.

  20. Study of Automated Module Fabrication for Lightweight Solar Blanket Utilization

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gibson, C. E.

    1979-01-01

    Cost-effective automated techniques for accomplishing the titled purpose; based on existing in-house capability are described. As a measure of the considered automation, the production of a 50 kilowatt solar array blanket, exclusive of support and deployment structure, within an eight-month fabrication period was used. Solar cells considered for this blanket were 2 x 4 x .02 cm wrap-around cells, 2 x 2 x .005 cm and 3 x 3 x .005 cm standard bar contact thin cells, all welded contacts. Existing fabrication processes are described, the rationale for each process is discussed, and the capability for further automation is discussed.

  1. Performance evaluation on cool roofs for green remodeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yun, Yosun; Cho, Dongwoo; Cho, Kyungjoo

    2018-06-01

    Cool roofs refer that maximize heat emission, and minimize the absorption of solar radiation energy, by applying high solar reflectance paints, or materials to roofs or rooftops. The application of cool roofs to existing buildings does not need to take structural issues into consideration, as rooftop greening, is an alternative that can be applied to existing buildings easily. This study installed a cool roofs on existing buildings, and evaluated the performances, using the results to propose certification standards for green remodeling, considering the cool roof-related standards.

  2. 18 CFR 801.5 - Comprehensive plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... extent feasible, with existing and proposed land uses. The development of a basinwide land use study to... Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report, pertinent plans and reports of the signatories... the Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report will be considered for incorporation...

  3. 18 CFR 801.5 - Comprehensive plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... extent feasible, with existing and proposed land uses. The development of a basinwide land use study to... Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report, pertinent plans and reports of the signatories... the Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report will be considered for incorporation...

  4. 18 CFR 801.5 - Comprehensive plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... extent feasible, with existing and proposed land uses. The development of a basinwide land use study to... Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report, pertinent plans and reports of the signatories... the Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report will be considered for incorporation...

  5. Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?

    PubMed

    Kraus, Shane W; Voon, Valerie; Potenza, Marc N

    2016-12-01

    To review the evidence base for classifying compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a non-substance or 'behavioral' addiction. Data from multiple domains (e.g. epidemiological, phenomenological, clinical, biological) are reviewed and considered with respect to data from substance and gambling addictions. Overlapping features exist between CSB and substance use disorders. Common neurotransmitter systems may contribute to CSB and substance use disorders, and recent neuroimaging studies highlight similarities relating to craving and attentional biases. Similar pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments may be applicable to CSB and substance addictions, although considerable gaps in knowledge currently exist. Despite the growing body of research linking compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) to substance addictions, significant gaps in understanding continue to complicate classification of CSB as an addiction. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.

  6. Flow around a tethered cylinder, the effect of tether length at high layover angles

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ryan, Kris

    2011-07-01

    Tethered cylinder systems constitute a natural extension of the lightly damped, hydro-elastically mounted cylinder. In this case, the cylinder is constrained to travel along an arc prescribed by the tether length. The analysis of the tethered cylinder system is hampered by the dependence of the natural frequency of the system on both the fluid forces acting on the system and the curved motion (which in turn alters the added mass coefficient away from unity). These difficulties have precluded prior studies considering the natural frequency or reduced velocity as a controlling parameter, making direct comparison with the hydro-elastically mounted cylinder system difficult.This investigation considers the case of a tethered cylinder at low Reynolds number (Re=200) for a mass ratio m*=0.2. It notes a local maximum in the amplitude of oscillation when the normalized tether length L*≃2.0, in agreement with prior studies. By instead considering the amplitude of oscillation in a rotational framework, we are able to explain the existence of this peak, and identify two regions of amplitude response, the first region exists for very small tether lengths (L*≲0.3), while the second exists for larger tether lengths. The transition from small tether lengths to large tether lengths exhibits the highest amplitude angular oscillations.Several wake states are also considered for a tethered cylinder which is oscillating about a horizontal mean layover angle. By considering these wake states, coupled with the definition of the natural frequency, an estimate of the added mass coefficient is made. Here we predict that CA≃0.5 for a tether length of L*=1.5. This prediction is based not only on the tether length, but also on the amplitude of oscillation, and hence is Reynolds number dependent.

  7. Multicore Considerations for Legacy Flight Software Migration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vines, Kenneth; Day, Len

    2013-01-01

    In this paper we will discuss potential benefits and pitfalls when considering a migration from an existing single core code base to a multicore processor implementation. The results of this study present options that should be considered before migrating fault managers, device handlers and tasks with time-constrained requirements to a multicore flight software environment. Possible future multicore test bed demonstrations are also discussed.

  8. Géologie du synclinal de l'Itombwe (Zaïre oriental) et le problème de l'existence d'un sillon plissé pan-africain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Villeneuve, Michel

    From the N.S. linear structure of the Itombwe syncline arise some problems in central Africa. Some authors considered it as a Kibarian structure and others as an isolated fold belt of Pan-African orogeny. This ambiguity is the result, in its greatest part, of the scarceness of field work and the lack of dating on the rocks of this syncline. A study on the central area showed the existence of two lithostructural units. The western area is correlated with a Kibarian structure while the eastern area had some similarities with the tectonic Pan-African troughts from NE of Zaïre and west of Uganda. The existence of an area folded during the Pan-African orogeny and in the same environment as the great African lakes area must be considered.

  9. Study on post occupancy evaluation after remodeling in accordance with the `green remodeling certification standards of existing non-residential buildings'- Focusing on the case of H building

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cho, Kyungjoo; Cho, Dongwoo; Yoon, Yosun

    2018-06-01

    South Korea has adopted the Paris Convention and promised to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 37% from business-as-usual (BAU) levels in the `First Basic Plan to Respond to Climate Change'. The reduction goal of greenhouse gas cannot be achieved considering only new buildings; the analysis results shows that the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions from existing buildings is essential. `The Green Remodeling Certification Standards', established in South Korea in 2016, is in line with the above plan. The post-occupancy evaluation (POE) of remodeled buildings after applying the `Green Remodeling Certification Standards of Existing Buildings' must be studied for expansion of this scheme. The study results are expected to be used as foundational data for the promotion of remodeling existing buildings.

  10. Theory of low frequency noise transmission through turbines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matta, R. K.; Mani, R.

    1979-01-01

    Improvements of the existing theory of low frequency noise transmission through turbines and development of a working prediction tool are described. The existing actuator-disk model and a new finite-chord model were utilized in an analytical study. The interactive effect of adjacent blade rows, higher order spinning modes, blade-passage shocks, and duct area variations were considered separately. The improved theory was validated using the data acquired in an earlier NASA program. Computer programs incorporating the improved theory were produced for transmission loss prediction purposes. The programs were exercised parametrically and charts constructed to define approximately the low frequency noise transfer through turbines. The loss through the exhaust nozzle and flow(s) was also considered.

  11. Solitary waves and double layers in a dusty electronegative plasma.

    PubMed

    Mamun, A A; Shukla, P K; Eliasson, B

    2009-10-01

    A dusty electronegative plasma containing Boltzmann electrons, Boltzmann negative ions, cold mobile positive ions, and negatively charged stationary dust has been considered. The basic features of arbitrary amplitude solitary waves (SWs) and double layers (DLs), which have been found to exist in such a dusty electronegative plasma, have been investigated by the pseudopotential method. The small amplitude limit has also been considered in order to study the small amplitude SWs and DLs analytically. It has been shown that under certain conditions, DLs do not exist, which is in good agreement with the experimental observations of Ghim and Hershkowitz [Y. Ghim (Kim) and N. Hershkowitz, Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 151503 (2009)].

  12. Computer-Assisted Instruction in Practical Nursing Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kelley, Maureen

    1976-01-01

    Existing computer-assisted instructional programs for nursing students are studied and their application to the education of practical nurses is considered in the light of the recent history of nursing education. (Author)

  13. Existence and Non-uniqueness of Global Weak Solutions to Inviscid Primitive and Boussinesq Equations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chiodaroli, Elisabetta; Michálek, Martin

    2017-08-01

    We consider the initial value problem for the inviscid Primitive and Boussinesq equations in three spatial dimensions. We recast both systems as an abstract Euler-type system and apply the methods of convex integration of De Lellis and Székelyhidi to show the existence of infinitely many global weak solutions of the studied equations for general initial data. We also introduce an appropriate notion of dissipative solutions and show the existence of suitable initial data which generate infinitely many dissipative solutions.

  14. 75 FR 59118 - Limiting the Use of Wireless Communication Devices

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-27

    ... Texting Prohibition D. Investigations and Studies on Driver Distraction E. Existing Texting Prohibitions...). As a result of the Summit, and based on data from studies on distracted driving, FMCSA is considering... electronic devices in the cab, presumably prohibiting texting. D. Investigations and Studies on Driver...

  15. 18 CFR 801.5 - Comprehensive plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... public utilities and fully consider the findings and recommendations of the signatory parties, their... extent feasible, with existing and proposed land uses. The development of a basinwide land use study to... Susquehanna River Basin Coordinating Committee Study report, pertinent plans and reports of the signatories...

  16. The independent relationship between triglycerides and coronary heart disease.

    PubMed

    Morrison, Alan; Hokanson, John E

    2009-01-01

    The aim was to review epidemiologic studies to reassess whether serum levels of triglycerides should be considered independently of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) as a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). We systematically reviewed population-based cohort studies in which baseline serum levels of triglycerides and HDL-C were included as explanatory variables in multivariate analyses with the development of CHD (coronary events or coronary death) as dependent variable. A total of 32 unique reports describing 38 cohorts were included. The independent association between elevated triglycerides and risk of CHD was statistically significant in 16 of 30 populations without pre-existing CHD. Among populations with diabetes mellitus or pre-existing CHD, or the elderly, triglycerides were not significantly independently associated with CHD in any of 8 cohorts. Triglycerides and HDL-C were mutually exclusive predictors of coronary events in 12 of 20 analyses of patients without pre-existing CHD. Epidemiologic studies provide evidence of an association between triglycerides and the development of primary CHD independently of HDL-C. Evidence of an inverse relationship between triglycerides and HDL-C suggests that both should be considered in CHD risk estimation and as targets for intervention.

  17. The independent relationship between triglycerides and coronary heart disease

    PubMed Central

    Morrison, Alan; Hokanson, John E

    2009-01-01

    Aims: The aim was to review epidemiologic studies to reassess whether serum levels of triglycerides should be considered independently of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) as a predictor of coronary heart disease (CHD). Methods and results: We systematically reviewed population-based cohort studies in which baseline serum levels of triglycerides and HDL-C were included as explanatory variables in multivariate analyses with the development of CHD (coronary events or coronary death) as dependent variable. A total of 32 unique reports describing 38 cohorts were included. The independent association between elevated triglycerides and risk of CHD was statistically significant in 16 of 30 populations without pre-existing CHD. Among populations with diabetes mellitus or pre-existing CHD, or the elderly, triglycerides were not significantly independently associated with CHD in any of 8 cohorts. Triglycerides and HDL-C were mutually exclusive predictors of coronary events in 12 of 20 analyses of patients without pre-existing CHD. Conclusions: Epidemiologic studies provide evidence of an association between triglycerides and the development of primary CHD independently of HDL-C. Evidence of an inverse relationship between triglycerides and HDL-C suggests that both should be considered in CHD risk estimation and as targets for intervention. PMID:19436658

  18. Planning status report: water resources appraisal for hydroelectric licensing, Potomac River basin, Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Virginia, and District of Columbia

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1980-01-01

    Updated information on water resources in the Potomac River Basin is presented for use by the FERC and its staff when considering hydroelectric licensing and other work. The report presents data on water resource developments, existing and potential, and on water use by existing and projected steam-electric generating facilities. Past and present planning studies are summarized.

  19. Engagement beyond Interruption: A Performative Perspective on Listening and Ethics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McRae, Chris; Nainby, Keith

    2015-01-01

    This article presents an understanding of listening as a performative and pedagogical act. Moving beyond existing theories of listening in communication and education studies that frame listening as a selective and incremental act, this article considers listening in terms of a performance studies and critical education studies perspective. An…

  20. Astrobiological Research on Tardigrades: Implications for Extraterrestrial Life Forms

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Horikawa, D. D.

    2013-11-01

    Tardigrades have been considered as a model for astrobiological studies based on their tolerance to extreme environments. Future research on tardigrades might provide important insight into the possibilities of existence of multicellular life forms.

  1. Performance enhancement of existing two-stage sounding rocket vehicles through the use of tandem booster systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Flores, C. C.; Gurkin, L. W.

    1982-01-01

    The three-stage Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk launch vehicle is being considered for performance enhancement of the existing Taurus-Tomahawk flight system. In addition, performance enhancement of other existing two-stage launch vehicles is being considered through the use of tandem booster systems. Aeroballistic characteristics of the proposed Taurus-Nike-Tomahawk vehicle are presented, as are overall performance capabilities of other potential three-stage flight systems.

  2. Existence and global attractivity of positive periodic solutions of periodic n-species Lotka-Volterra competition systems with several deviating arguments.

    PubMed

    Fan, M; Wang, K; Jiang, D

    1999-08-01

    In this paper, we study the existence and global attractivity of positive periodic solutions of periodic n-species Lotka-Volterra competition systems. By using the method of coincidence degree and Lyapunov functional, a set of easily verifiable sufficient conditions are derived for the existence of at least one strictly positive (componentwise) periodic solution of periodic n-species Lotka-Volterra competition systems with several deviating arguments and the existence of a unique globally asymptotically stable periodic solution with strictly positive components of periodic n-species Lotka-Volterra competition system with several delays. Some new results are obtained. As an application, we also examine some special cases of the system we considered, which have been studied extensively in the literature. Some known results are improved and generalized.

  3. Year 2015 transportation plan : Huntsville Area Transportation Study

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-04-01

    The Year 2015 Transportation Plan is an intermodal plan that considers all modes of the existing transportation system, identifies needs, provides policy direction and defines the goals for planning and : project development in the Huntsville urban a...

  4. Ride-sharing activities of Virginia industries.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1977-01-01

    This study sought to measure the extent of existing ridesharing programs among Virginia industries, the potential for additional ride sharing, as presently perceived by management, and the type of information thought to be most useful to firms consid...

  5. Environmental siting suitability analysis for commercial scale ocean renewable energy: A southeast Florida case study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mulcan, Amanda

    This thesis aims to facilitate the siting and implementation of Florida Atlantic University Southeast National Marine Renewable Energy Center (FAU SNMREC) ocean current energy (OCE) projects offshore southeastern Florida through the analysis of benthic anchoring conditions. Specifically, a suitability analysis considering all presently available biologic and geologic datasets within the legal framework of OCE policy and regulation was done. OCE related literature sources were consulted to assign suitability levels to each dataset, ArcGIS interpolations generated seafloor substrate maps, and existing submarine cable pathways were considered for OCE power cables. The finalized suitability map highlights the eastern study area as most suitable for OCE siting due to its abundance of sand/sediment substrate, existing underwater cable route access, and minimal biologic presence. Higher resolution datasets are necessary to locate specific OCE development locales, better understand their benthic conditions, and minimize potentially negative OCE environmental impacts.

  6. Review of NASA short-haul studies

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kenyon, G. C.

    1975-01-01

    The paper summarizes the results of NASA-conducted technological and economic studies of low, medium, and high density short-haul transportation systems. Aircraft concepts considered included CTOL, RTOL, STOL, and general aviation aircraft. For low density systems, it was found that viable air service becomes possible if city pairs are at least 100 km apart and a two-way total travel demand of at least 200 daily passengers exists. Currently available aircraft were found suitable. The medium-density study showed that a 60-passenger twin engine turbofan was the best suited aircraft. For high density systems, STOL appears to be an economically viable means of reducing noise and congestion at major hub airports. Adequate runways 914 m in length or greater either already exist or could be added to most existing major hub airports.

  7. FINAL WHITE PAPER: ASSESSMENT OF EXISTING LINKAGES WITH LOCAL COMMUNITIES AMONG POTENTIAL RESEARCH SITES FOR THE NATIONAL CHILDREN'S STUDY

    EPA Science Inventory

    This paper was prepared to assist the planners of the National Childrens Study (NCS) as they assess possible study design options and consider the role of the community in this initiative. The consensus among the planners is to involve the community in the conduct of the< study. ...

  8. The 1980 V-TECS Marketing Study.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hattwick, Richard E.; And Others

    The Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States (V-TECS) conducted a marketing study that considered the implications of six options for the organization's future. The first option is continuation of the status quo, which is dangerous because existing members may leave the consortium. The second option is the status quo combined with an…

  9. Using Mixed-Modality Vocabulary Learning on Mobile Devices: Design and Evaluation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ou-Yang, Fang Chuan; Wu, Wen-Chi Vivian

    2017-01-01

    To achieve better adaptive learning for mobile-assisted language learning (MALL), individual prior knowledge proficiency, perceptual learning style, and learning behavior should all be considered in system development. While reviewing the existing literature about MALL research, the researchers of this study found very few recent studies exploring…

  10. Assessing the Cultural Proficiency of Teachers: A Critical Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dennie, Deborah A. G.

    2013-01-01

    This critical case study addressed how the achievement gap reflects the culture gap between teachers and historically underrepresented students. This study allows educators to consider how attitudes on culture and diversity impact student achievement. It makes visible existing teacher and student relationships in a rural school system through the…

  11. Local existence of N=1 supersymmetric gauge theory in four Dimensions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Akbar, Fiki T.; Gunara, Bobby E.; Zen, Freddy P.

    2015-04-16

    In this paper, we shall prove the local existence of N=1 supersymmetry gauge theory in 4 dimension. We start from the Lagrangian for coupling chiral and vector multiplets with constant gauge kinetic function and only considering a bosonic part by setting all fermionic field to be zero at level equation of motion. We consider a U(n) model as isometry for scalar field internal geometry. And we use a nonlinear semigroup method to prove the local existence.

  12. Novel strategies for sedentary behavior research.

    PubMed

    Rosenberg, Dori E; Lee, I-Min; Young, Deborah Rohm; Prohaska, Thomas R; Owen, Neville; Buchner, David M

    2015-06-01

    This article reports on the "Novel Strategies for Sedentary Behavior Research" session of the Sedentary Behavior: Identifying Research Priorities workshop. The purpose of this session of the workshop were to propose strategies for accomplishing a research agenda in dealing with sedentary behavior and to consider research priorities for people at high risk for excess sedentary behavior. The four major recommendations from this workshop were as follows: 1) To add repeated objective measures of physical activity and sedentary behavior to existing cohort studies and standardize approaches to measurement and analysis. Epidemiologic studies will be the most efficient design for addressing some research questions. 2) To increase research efficiency, consider the advantages of a network of connected research studies and health systems. Advantages include access to existing data in electronic health records. 3) To carefully select a variety of high-risk study populations and preplan collaboration among studies in intervention research. This strategy can efficiently address the breadth of issues in sedentary behavior research. 4) To include comparative effectiveness designs and pure environmental interventions in intervention research. This strategy facilitates and enhances translation of interventions into practice.

  13. Detrended cross-correlations between returns, volatility, trading activity, and volume traded for the stock market companies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rak, Rafał; Drożdż, Stanisław; Kwapień, Jarosław; Oświȩcimka, Paweł

    2015-11-01

    We consider a few quantities that characterize trading on a stock market in a fixed time interval: logarithmic returns, volatility, trading activity (i.e., the number of transactions), and volume traded. We search for the power-law cross-correlations among these quantities aggregated over different time units from 1 min to 10 min. Our study is based on empirical data from the American stock market consisting of tick-by-tick recordings of 31 stocks listed in Dow Jones Industrial Average during the years 2008-2011. Since all the considered quantities except the returns show strong daily patterns related to the variable trading activity in different parts of a day, which are the most evident in the autocorrelation function, we remove these patterns by detrending before we proceed further with our study. We apply the multifractal detrended cross-correlation analysis with sign preserving (MFCCA) and show that the strongest power-law cross-correlations exist between trading activity and volume traded, while the weakest ones exist (or even do not exist) between the returns and the remaining quantities. We also show that the strongest cross-correlations are carried by those parts of the signals that are characterized by large and medium variance. Our observation that the most convincing power-law cross-correlations occur between trading activity and volume traded reveals the existence of strong fractal-like coupling between these quantities.

  14. Disposal of Vessel Wastes: Shipboard and Shoreside Facilities. Phase 2. Graywater

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-07-01

    Increase in Concentration Resulting from Daily Loadings and Vessel-Induced Mixing 45 3-7 Annual Loadings to Presque Isle - Marquette Harbor from...in port for 24 hours (Upper Lakes Reference Group, 1977a). Two harbors were considered for case studies. The first harbor, Presque Isle -Marquette...harbor. Presque Isle -Marquette The existing conditions of the harbor are considered to be of high quality with respect to coastal waters, the open waters

  15. Next Steps for the 1980s in Student Financial Aid. A Fourth Alternative. Comments and Recommendations by the Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carnegie Council on Policy Studies in Higher Education, Berkeley, CA.

    In 1979 the Congress and the administration will consider legislation to extend and revise the Higher Education Act and, in the process, will review the structure of the student-aid system. Several alternatives are likely to be considered, but a fourth is proposed here: a major overhaul of the existing package of programs to make them more…

  16. Solwnd: A 3D Compressible MHD Code for Solar Wind Studies. Version 1.0: Cartesian Coordinates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Deane, Anil E.

    1996-01-01

    Solwnd 1.0 is a three-dimensional compressible MHD code written in Fortran for studying the solar wind. Time-dependent boundary conditions are available. The computational algorithm is based on Flux Corrected Transport and the code is based on the existing code of Zalesak and Spicer. The flow considered is that of shear flow with incoming flow that perturbs this base flow. Several test cases corresponding to pressure balanced magnetic structures with velocity shear flow and various inflows including Alfven waves are presented. Version 1.0 of solwnd considers a rectangular Cartesian geometry. Future versions of solwnd will consider a spherical geometry. Some discussions of this issue is presented.

  17. Does industrial waste taxation contribute to reduction of landfilled waste? Dynamic panel analysis considering industrial waste category in Japan.

    PubMed

    Sasao, Toshiaki

    2014-11-01

    Waste taxes, such as landfill and incineration taxes, have emerged as a popular option in developed countries to promote the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, and recycle). However, few studies have examined the effectiveness of waste taxes. In addition, quite a few studies have considered both dynamic relationships among dependent variables and unobserved individual heterogeneity among the jurisdictions. If dependent variables are persistent, omitted variables cause a bias, or common characteristics exist across the jurisdictions that have introduced waste taxes, the standard fixed effects model may lead to biased estimation results and misunderstood causal relationships. In addition, most existing studies have examined waste in terms of total amounts rather than by categories. Even if significant reductions in total waste amounts are not observed, some reduction within each category may, nevertheless, become evident. Therefore, this study analyzes the effects of industrial waste taxation on quantities of waste in landfill in Japan by applying the bias-corrected least-squares dummy variable (LSDVC) estimators; the general method of moments (difference GMM); and the system GMM. In addition, the study investigates effect differences attributable to industrial waste categories and taxation types. This paper shows that industrial waste taxes in Japan have minimal, significant effects on the reduction of final disposal amounts thus far, considering dynamic relationships and waste categories. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  18. Should compulsive sexual behavior be considered an addiction?

    PubMed Central

    Kraus, Shane W.; Voon, Valerie; Potenza, Marc N.

    2016-01-01

    Aims To review the evidence base for classifying compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) as a non-substance or “behavioral” addiction. Methods Data from multiple domains (e.g., epidemiological, phenomenological, clinical, biological) are reviewed and considered with respect to data from substance and gambling addictions. Results Overlapping features exist between CSB and substance-use disorders. Common neurotransmitter systems may contribute to CSB and substance-use disorders, and recent neuroimaging studies highlight similarities relating to craving and attentional biases. Similar pharmacological and psychotherapeutic treatments may be applicable to CSB and substance addictions, although considerable gaps in knowledge currently exist. Conclusions Despite the growing body of research linking compulsive sexual behavior to substance addictions, significant gaps in understanding continue to complicate classification of compulsive sexual behaviour as an addiction. PMID:26893127

  19. Education for Sustainable Development and retention: unravelling a research agenda

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lotz-Sisitka, Heila

    2010-06-01

    This paper considers the question of what education for sustainable development (ESD) research might signify when linked to the concept of "retention", and how this relation (ESD and retention) might be researched. It considers two different perspectives on retention, as revealed through educational research trajectories, drawing on existing research and case studies. Firstly, it discusses an ESD research agenda that documents retention by focusing on the issue of keeping children in schools. This research agenda is typical of the existing discourses surrounding Education for All (EFA). It then discusses a related ESD research agenda that focuses more on the pedagogical and curricular aspects of retention, as this provides for a deeper understanding of how ESD can contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning within a wider EFA retention agenda.

  20. Financial Leadership Competencies for Public College and University Presidential Leaders in Georgia: A Delphi Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jones, Susan M.

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of the mixed-method Delphi study is to identify the financial leadership competencies considered most important in operating public higher education institutions. The current study also determined whether differences existed in the perceptions of participants' age, level of education, years of service as a president, the number of…

  1. Study of elastomeric bearings for superelevated U-Beam bridges.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-10-01

    The primary objective of this research was to determine the best way to consider the effects of transverse : superelevation on uniform-height steel-reinforced elastomeric bearing pads for U-Beam bridges. Existing TxDOT : design provisions did not spe...

  2. Scales and Exercises with Aksak Meters in Flute Education: A Study with Turkish and Italian Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sakin, Ajda Senol; Öztürk, Ferda Gürgan

    2016-01-01

    Musical scale and exercise studies in instrumental education are considered as a fundamental component of music education. During an analysis of methods prepared for instrumental education, it was detected that scale and exercise studies for Aksak meters generally did not exist. This study was conducted to identify the effects of scales and…

  3. New derivation of soliton solutions to the AKNS2 system via dressing transformation methods

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Assunção, A. de O.; Blas, H.; da Silva, M. J. B. F.

    2012-03-01

    We consider certain boundary conditions supporting soliton solutions in the generalized nonlinear Schrödinger equation (AKNSr) (r = 1, 2). Using the dressing transformation (DT) method and the related tau functions, we study the AKNSr system for the vanishing, (constant) non-vanishing and the mixed boundary conditions, and their associated bright, dark and bright-dark N-soliton solutions, respectively. Moreover, we introduce a modified DT related to the dressing group in order to consider the free-field boundary condition and derive generalized N dark-dark solitons. As a reduced submodel of the AKNSr system, we study the properties of the focusing, defocusing and mixed focusing-defocusing versions of the so-called coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation (r-CNLS), which has recently been considered in many physical applications. We have shown that two-dark-dark-soliton bound states exist in the AKNS2 system, and three- and higher-dark-dark-soliton bound states cannot exist. The AKNSr (r ⩾ 3) extension is briefly discussed in this approach. The properties and calculations of some matrix elements using level-one vertex operators are outlined. Dedicated to the memory of S S Costa

  4. "All Abroad": Malaysians' Reasons for Seeking an Overseas-Based Doctorate

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tagg, Brendon

    2014-01-01

    This article examines the process by which nine junior Malaysian academics came to complete doctoral degrees in non-Malaysian universities. It expands the scope and refines the focus of an existing study that considered international students' experiences in New Zealand. Part of the motivation for the current study was the researcher's recognition…

  5. Research on Model of Student Engagement in Online Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Peng, Wang

    2017-01-01

    In this study, online learning refers students under the guidance of teachers through the online learning platform for organized learning. Based on the analysis of related research results, considering the existing problems, the main contents of this paper include the following aspects: (1) Analyze and study the current student engagement model.…

  6. Gender Bias in Alberta Social Studies 30 Examinations: Cause and Effect.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walter, Connie; Young, Beth

    1997-01-01

    Reports on an exploration of gender bias in the multiple-choice portions of six Canadian social studies examinations. Considers the lack of women's experiences reflected in the questions, formal content, and epistemological stance. Concludes that gender biases do exist in the questions and may have contributed to differences in achievement. (MJP)

  7. A Proposed Methodology for Contextualised Evaluation in Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nygaard, Claus; Belluigi, Dina Zoe

    2011-01-01

    This paper aims to inspire stakeholders working with quality of higher education (such as members of study boards, study programme directors, curriculum developers and teachers) to critically consider their evaluation methods in relation to a focus on student learning. We argue that many of the existing methods of evaluation in higher education…

  8. Using Computers in Distance Study: Results of a Survey amongst Disabled Distance Students.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ommerborn, Rainer; Schuemer, Rudolf

    2002-01-01

    In the euphoria about new technologies in distance education there exists the danger of not sufficiently considering how ever increasing "virtualization" may exclude some student groups. An explorative study was conducted that asked disabled students about their experiences with using computers and the Internet. Overall, those questioned…

  9. Researchers Supporting Schools to Improve Health: Influential Factors and Outcomes of Knowledge Brokering in the COMPASS Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Kristin M.; Elliott, Susan J.; Leatherdale, Scott T.

    2018-01-01

    Background: Although schools are considered opportune settings for youth health interventions, a gap between school health research and practice exists. COMPASS, a longitudinal study of Ontario and Alberta secondary students and schools (2012-2021), used integrated knowledge translation to enhance schools' uptake of research findings. Schools…

  10. Stability and Existence Results for Quasimonotone Quasivariational Inequalities in Finite Dimensional Spaces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Castellani, Marco; Giuli, Massimiliano, E-mail: massimiliano.giuli@univaq.it

    2016-02-15

    We study pseudomonotone and quasimonotone quasivariational inequalities in a finite dimensional space. In particular we focus our attention on the closedness of some solution maps associated to a parametric quasivariational inequality. From this study we derive two results on the existence of solutions of the quasivariational inequality. On the one hand, assuming the pseudomonotonicity of the operator, we get the nonemptiness of the set of the classical solutions. On the other hand, we show that the quasimonoticity of the operator implies the nonemptiness of the set of nonzero solutions. An application to traffic network is also considered.

  11. Standard spacecraft economic analysis. Volume 2: Findings and conclusions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Harris, E. D.; Large, J. P.

    1976-01-01

    The comparative program costs associated with use of various standardized spacecraft for Air Force space test program missions to be flown on the space shuttle were studied in two phases. In the first phase, a variety of procurement mixes composed of existing or programmed NASA standard spacecraft designs and an Air Force standard spacecraft design were considered. The second phase dealt with additional procurement options using an upgraded version of an existing NASA design. The results of both phases are discussed.

  12. Polyhedral sweeping processes with unbounded nonconvex-valued perturbation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tolstonogov, A. A.

    2017-12-01

    A polyhedral sweeping process with a multivalued perturbation whose values are nonconvex unbounded sets is studied in a separable Hilbert space. Polyhedral sweeping processes do not satisfy the traditional assumptions used to prove existence theorems for convex sweeping processes. We consider the polyhedral sweeping process as an evolution inclusion with subdifferential operators depending on time. The widely used assumption of Lipschitz continuity for the multivalued perturbation term is replaced by a weaker notion of (ρ - H) Lipschitzness. The existence of solutions is proved for this sweeping process.

  13. Hygrothermal Effects in Continuous Fibre Reinforced Composites. Part I. Thermal and Moisture Diffusion in Composite Materials (Effets Hygrothermiques dans les Composites a Renfort de Fibre Continu. Partie I. Diffusion de L’Humidite et de la Chaleur dans les Materiaux Composites)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-01-01

    considered important, complete, and a lasting contribution to existing knowledge. -’ Mechanical Engineering Reports (MS): Scientific and technical information...pertaining to investigations outside aeronautics considered important, complete, and a lasting contribution to existing knowledge. * AERONAUTICAL...NOTES (AN): Information les~s broad in scope but nevertheless of importance as a * contribution to existing knowledge. LABORATORY TECHNICAL REPORTS (LTR

  14. Development of a guide for prioritization of railway bridges for repair and replacement.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2013-09-01

    The objective of this study was to develop evaluation bases for the repair, rehabilitation, and replacement of existing : railway bridges. Considering the importance of bridges to the railway network, the research involved the review and : analysis o...

  15. 40 CFR Appendix D to Part 403 - Selected Industrial Subcategories Considered Dilute for Purposes of the Combined Wastestream Formula

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Selected Industrial Subcategories Considered Dilute for Purposes of the Combined Wastestream Formula D Appendix D to Part 403 Protection of...-MENT REGULATIONS FOR EXIST-ING AND NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION Pt. 403, App. D Appendix D to Part 403...

  16. Existence and uniqueness, attraction for stochastic age-structured population systems with diffusion and Poisson jump

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Huabin

    2013-08-01

    In this paper, the problems about the existence and uniqueness, attraction for strong solution of stochastic age-structured population systems with diffusion and Poisson jump are considered. Under the non-Lipschitz condition with the Lipschitz condition being considered as a special case, the existence and uniqueness for such systems is firstly proved by using the Burkholder-Davis-Gundy inequality (B-D-G inequality) and Itô's formula. And then by using a novel inequality technique, some sufficient conditions ensuring the existence for the domain of attraction are established. As another by-product, the exponential stability in mean square moment of strong solution for such systems can be also discussed.

  17. Parental duties and untreatable genetic conditions

    PubMed Central

    Clarkeburn, H.

    2000-01-01

    This paper considers parental duties of beneficence and non-maleficence to use prenatal genetic testing for non-treatable conditions. It is proposed that this can be a duty only if the testing is essential to protect the interests of the child ie only if there is a risk of the child being born to a life worse than non-existence. It is argued here that non-existence can be rationally preferred to a severely impaired life. Uncontrollable pain and a lack of any opportunity to develop a continuous self are considered to be sufficient criteria for such preference. When parents are at risk of having a child whose life would be worse than non-existence, the parents have a duty to use prenatal testing and a duty to terminate an affected pregnancy. Further, such duty does not apply to any conditions where the resulting life can be considered better than non-existence. Key Words: Prenatal testing • parental duties • beneficence • non-maleficence PMID:11055047

  18. Engineered nanomaterial risk. Lessons learnt from completed nanotoxicology studies: potential solutions to current and future challenges.

    PubMed

    Johnston, Helinor; Pojana, Giulio; Zuin, Stefano; Jacobsen, Nicklas Raun; Møller, Peter; Loft, Steffen; Semmler-Behnke, Manuela; McGuiness, Catherine; Balharry, Dominique; Marcomini, Antonio; Wallin, Håkan; Kreyling, Wolfgang; Donaldson, Ken; Tran, Lang; Stone, Vicki

    2013-01-01

    PARTICLE_RISK was one of the first multidisciplinary projects funded by the European Commission's Framework Programme that was responsible for evaluating the implications of nanomaterial (NM) exposure on human health. This project was the basis for this review which identifies the challenges that exist within the assessment of NM risk. We have retrospectively reflected on the findings of completed nanotoxicology studies to consider what progress and advances have been made within the risk assessment of NMs, as well as discussing the direction that nanotoxicology research is taking and identifying the limitations and failings of existing research. We have reflected on what commonly encountered challenges exist and explored how these issues may be resolved. In particular, the following is discussed (i) NM selection (ii) NM physico-chemical characterisation; (iii) NM dispersion; (iv) selection of relevant doses and concentrations; (v) identification of relevant models, target sites and endpoints; (vi) development of alternatives to animal testing; and (vii) NM risk assessment. These knowledge gaps are relatively well recognised by the scientific community and recommendations as to how they may be overcome in the future are provided. It is hoped that this will help develop better defined hypothesis driven research in the future that will enable comprehensive risk assessments to be conducted for NMs. Importantly, the nanotoxicology community has responded and adapted to advances in knowledge over recent years to improve the approaches used to assess NM hazard, exposure and risk. It is vital to learn from existing information provided by ongoing or completed studies to avoid unnecessary duplication of effort, and to offer guidance on aspects of the experimental design that should be carefully considered prior to the start of a new study.

  19. Quality Dimensions of Internet Search Engines.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Xie, M.; Wang, H.; Goh, T. N.

    1998-01-01

    Reviews commonly used search engines (AltaVista, Excite, infoseek, Lycos, HotBot, WebCrawler), focusing on existing comparative studies; considers quality dimensions from the customer's point of view based on a SERVQUAL framework; and groups these quality expectations in five dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and…

  20. An Epidemiologic Perspective. Does Running Cause Osteoarthritis?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Eichner, Edward R.

    1989-01-01

    A review of literature on exercise and arthritis considers relevant epidemiologic and experimental studies of animals and humans, focusing on the relationship between running and osteoarthritis. No conclusive evidence exists that running causes osteoarthritis; research trends suggest that running may slow the functional aspects of musculoskeletal…

  1. A Theoretical Approach for Selecting Elementary School Environmental Variables.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sinclair, Robert L.

    To determine specific environmental variables of the elementary school is the purpose of this study. Stable characteristics of intelligence and achievement were selected because they were considered useful for generating salient environmental counterparts likely to exist in elementary institutions. Achievement motivation, language development, and…

  2. Gravity localization in sine-Gordon braneworlds

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cruz, W.T., E-mail: wilamicruz@gmail.com; Maluf, R.V., E-mail: r.v.maluf@fisica.ufc.br; Sousa, L.J.S., E-mail: luisjose@fisica.ufc.br

    2016-01-15

    In this work we study two types of five-dimensional braneworld models given by sine-Gordon potentials. In both scenarios, the thick brane is generated by a real scalar field coupled to gravity. We focus our investigation on the localization of graviton field and the behaviour of the massive spectrum. In particular, we analyse the localization of massive modes by means of a relative probability method in a Quantum Mechanics context. Initially, considering a scalar field sine-Gordon potential, we find a localized state to the graviton at zero mode. However, when we consider a double sine-Gordon potential, the brane structure is changedmore » allowing the existence of massive resonant states. The new results show how the existence of an internal structure can aid in the emergence of massive resonant modes on the brane.« less

  3. Preliminary feasibility study of pallet-only mode for magnetospheric and plasmas in space payloads, volume 4

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    Results of studies performed on the magnetospheric and plasma portion of the AMPS are presented. Magnetospheric and plasma in space experiments and instruments are described along with packaging (palletization) concepts. The described magnetospheric and plasma experiments were considered as separate entities. Instrumentation ospheric and plasma experiments were considered as separate entities. Instrumentation requirements and operations were formulated to provide sufficient data for unambiguous interpretation of results without relying upon other experiments of the series. Where ground observations are specified, an assumption was made that large-scale additions or modifications to existing facilities were not required.

  4. Awards in Early Education, Childcare and Playwork: A Qualifications Framework for the Future. Insight.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Martin, Carolyn; Wallace, Jennifer; Bell, Andrew

    This study examined the extent to which existing awards and qualifications for the paraprofessional workforce in Scottish early education and care are appropriate to the needs of the sector as it responds to increasing regulation and concerns about quality. The study considered whether the qualifications provided a clear framework, how the…

  5. Evaluation Bias against Work in Progress: Evidence from a Spanish Marketing Conference

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Calderon-Martinez, Aurora; Ruiz-Conde, Enar; Parreno-Selva, Josefa; Mas-Ruiz, Francisco Jose

    2010-01-01

    Traditionally, the literature has analyzed the existence of bias in the evaluation of papers submitted to scientific journals, but it has not considered any possible bias in the evaluation of studies submitted to conferences. In this sense we can ask whether the conferences provide an adequate service for researchers. This study examines whether…

  6. "Is This What You're Talking About?": Identity Negotiation in International Teaching Assistants' Instructional Interactions with U.S. College Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chiang, Shiao-Yun

    2016-01-01

    The instructional performance of international teaching assistants (ITA) in U.S. universities is generally considered as problematic due to linguistic and cultural differences in existing studies. Drawing on interactional sociolinguistics, conversation analysis, and positioning theory, this study aims to find out how ITAs are juxtaposed between…

  7. Beyond the Gender Binary: A Case Study of Two Transgender Students at a Midwestern Research University

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bilodeau, Brent

    2005-01-01

    Few non-pathologizing models of transgender identity development currently exist. This study uses an adaptation of the D'Augelli (1994) lifespan model of sexual orientation identity development to consider the lives of transgender college students. Interviews with two transgender-identified students find that they have developmental experiences in…

  8. Development Engineers' Work and Learning as Shared Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Collin, Kaija

    2008-01-01

    The field of workplace learning lacks empirical studies that view workplace practices as places for learning and see these practices in a critical light. Accordingly, the aim of this study is, first, to describe examples of everyday shared practice and consider what kinds of various conflicting aims and demands exist in it. Second, the purpose is…

  9. Null Effects and Publication Bias in Special Education Research

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cook, Bryan G.; Therrien, William J.

    2017-01-01

    Researchers sometimes conduct a study and find that the predicted relation between variables did not exist or that the intervention did not have a positive impact on student outcomes; these are referred to as null findings because they fail to disconfirm the null hypothesis. Rather than consider such studies as failures and disregard the null…

  10. Digital Participation, Agency, and Choice: An African American Youth's Digital Storytelling about Minecraft

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lewis Ellison, Tisha

    2017-01-01

    This case study examines one African American adolescent male's digital choices and experiences during the creation of a digital story about Minecraft. This study introduces digital participatory choice cultures as a framework to consider how he might recognize and use existing meaning-making and composition strategies to bridge what young people…

  11. Alternative Stable States, Coral Reefs, and Smooth Dynamics with a Kick.

    PubMed

    Ippolito, Stephen; Naudot, Vincent; Noonburg, Erik G

    2016-03-01

    We consider a computer simulation, which was found to be faithful to time series data for Caribbean coral reefs, and an analytical model to help understand the dynamics of the simulation. The analytical model is a system of ordinary differential equations (ODE), and the authors claim this model demonstrates the existence of alternative stable states. The existence of an alternative stable state should consider a sudden shift in coral and macroalgae populations, while the grazing rate remains constant. The results of such shifts, however, are often confounded by changes in grazing rate. Although the ODE suggest alternative stable states, the ODE need modification to explicitly account for shifts or discrete events such as hurricanes. The goal of this paper will be to study the simulation dynamics through a simplified analytical representation. We proceed by modifying the original analytical model through incorporating discrete changes into the ODE. We then analyze the resulting dynamics and their bifurcations with respect to changes in grazing rate and hurricane frequency. In particular, a "kick" enabling the ODE to consider impulse events is added. Beyond adding a "kick" we employ the grazing function that is suggested by the simulation. The extended model was fit to the simulation data to support its use and predicts the existence cycles depending nonlinearly on grazing rates and hurricane frequency. These cycles may bring new insights into consideration for reef health, restoration and dynamics.

  12. Chimera states in two-dimensional networks of locally coupled oscillators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kundu, Srilena; Majhi, Soumen; Bera, Bidesh K.; Ghosh, Dibakar; Lakshmanan, M.

    2018-02-01

    Chimera state is defined as a mixed type of collective state in which synchronized and desynchronized subpopulations of a network of coupled oscillators coexist and the appearance of such anomalous behavior has strong connection to diverse neuronal developments. Most of the previous studies on chimera states are not extensively done in two-dimensional ensembles of coupled oscillators by taking neuronal systems with nonlinear coupling function into account while such ensembles of oscillators are more realistic from a neurobiological point of view. In this paper, we report the emergence and existence of chimera states by considering locally coupled two-dimensional networks of identical oscillators where each node is interacting through nonlinear coupling function. This is in contrast with the existence of chimera states in two-dimensional nonlocally coupled oscillators with rectangular kernel in the coupling function. We find that the presence of nonlinearity in the coupling function plays a key role to produce chimera states in two-dimensional locally coupled oscillators. We analytically verify explicitly in the case of a network of coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators in two dimensions that the obtained results using Ott-Antonsen approach and our analytical finding very well matches with the numerical results. Next, we consider another type of important nonlinear coupling function which exists in neuronal systems, namely chemical synaptic function, through which the nearest-neighbor (locally coupled) neurons interact with each other. It is shown that such synaptic interacting function promotes the emergence of chimera states in two-dimensional lattices of locally coupled neuronal oscillators. In numerical simulations, we consider two paradigmatic neuronal oscillators, namely Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model and Rulkov map for each node which exhibit bursting dynamics. By associating various spatiotemporal behaviors and snapshots at particular times, we study the chimera states in detail over a large range of coupling parameter. The existence of chimera states is confirmed by instantaneous angular frequency, order parameter and strength of incoherence.

  13. Chimera states in two-dimensional networks of locally coupled oscillators.

    PubMed

    Kundu, Srilena; Majhi, Soumen; Bera, Bidesh K; Ghosh, Dibakar; Lakshmanan, M

    2018-02-01

    Chimera state is defined as a mixed type of collective state in which synchronized and desynchronized subpopulations of a network of coupled oscillators coexist and the appearance of such anomalous behavior has strong connection to diverse neuronal developments. Most of the previous studies on chimera states are not extensively done in two-dimensional ensembles of coupled oscillators by taking neuronal systems with nonlinear coupling function into account while such ensembles of oscillators are more realistic from a neurobiological point of view. In this paper, we report the emergence and existence of chimera states by considering locally coupled two-dimensional networks of identical oscillators where each node is interacting through nonlinear coupling function. This is in contrast with the existence of chimera states in two-dimensional nonlocally coupled oscillators with rectangular kernel in the coupling function. We find that the presence of nonlinearity in the coupling function plays a key role to produce chimera states in two-dimensional locally coupled oscillators. We analytically verify explicitly in the case of a network of coupled Stuart-Landau oscillators in two dimensions that the obtained results using Ott-Antonsen approach and our analytical finding very well matches with the numerical results. Next, we consider another type of important nonlinear coupling function which exists in neuronal systems, namely chemical synaptic function, through which the nearest-neighbor (locally coupled) neurons interact with each other. It is shown that such synaptic interacting function promotes the emergence of chimera states in two-dimensional lattices of locally coupled neuronal oscillators. In numerical simulations, we consider two paradigmatic neuronal oscillators, namely Hindmarsh-Rose neuron model and Rulkov map for each node which exhibit bursting dynamics. By associating various spatiotemporal behaviors and snapshots at particular times, we study the chimera states in detail over a large range of coupling parameter. The existence of chimera states is confirmed by instantaneous angular frequency, order parameter and strength of incoherence.

  14. Thermodynamics in Context: A Case Study of Contextualized Teaching for Undergraduates

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Holman, John; Pilling, Gwen

    2004-01-01

    Chemical thermodynamics that is often considered abstract and demanding could be made more accessible by taking a contextualized approach. The trial of a course designed for chemistry majors dealing with gas laws and the first law of thermodynamics in the existing course are illustrated.

  15. Free Play or Tight Spaces? Mapping Participatory Literacies in Apps

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rowsell, Jennifer; Wohlwend, Karen

    2016-01-01

    Building on existing research applying app maps (Israelson, 2015), the authors take an ideological orientation to broaden app evaluations and consider participatory literacies, social and communicational practices relevant to children's everyday digitally mediated lives. Drawing from their North American elementary classroom studies on children's…

  16. Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Retrofit Issues for Coal Fired Power Plants

    EPA Science Inventory

    Several studies have been published on carbon capture technology as an independent island. In contrast, this evaluation considered the impact on the existing plant and the potential improvements to ease the retrofit of a carbon capture process. This paper will provide insight i...

  17. Women-Family in Quality Perspective

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fatimah, Rika P. L.; Aziz, J. Abdul; Ibrahim, K.

    2008-01-01

    Bringing together women and family in quality perspective brings about interesting discussions in this paper. By integrating previous studies and considering expert opinions, we determine the variables and dimensions with respect to women's existence regarding their roles both in the family and at work. Many activities carried out by women…

  18. On the uniqueness of motion of viscous gaseous stars

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Secchi, Paolo

    1990-11-01

    The existence of solutions of the evolutionary equations of motion of a star regarded as a compressible viscous fluid with self-gravitation, bounded by a free surface, has recently been considered by Secchi (1990). In this paper, the uniqueness of the solutions cited is studied.

  19. SCHOOL SITES. SELECTION AND DEVELOPMENT.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    REIDA, G.W.

    CERTAIN CRITICAL CRITERIA SHOULD BE CONSIDERED IN SELECTING THE SCHOOL SITE. IMPORTANT IS THE STUDY OF SUCH FACTORS AS PRESENT AND PROJECTED PUPIL POPULATION, THE SCHOOL MASTER PLAN, MAIN THOROUGHFARES, DWELLINGS, LAND USE, SOILS, (SHOWN BY SERVICE MAPS), EXISTING SCHOOL FACILITIES AND ATTENDANCE, BOUNDARIES, UTILITY SERVICES AND FLOOD CONTROLS.…

  20. Personalizing Research: Special Educators' Awareness of Evidence-Based Practice

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Guckert, Mary; Mastropieri, Margo A.; Scruggs, Thomas E.

    2016-01-01

    Although evidence-based practices are considered critical to student success, a research-to-practice gap exists. This qualitative study examined practicing special education teachers' perceptions of their use of evidence-based practices. Special education teachers were interviewed and their classroom practices examined. Major themes emerged and…

  1. 20 CFR 718.305 - Presumption of pneumoconiosis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... existence of a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary impairment, for purposes of applying the... other evidence demonstrates the existence of a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary impairment... the miner's condition shall be considered to be sufficient to establish the existence of a totally...

  2. 20 CFR 718.305 - Presumption of pneumoconiosis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... existence of a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary impairment, for purposes of applying the... other evidence demonstrates the existence of a totally disabling respiratory or pulmonary impairment... the miner's condition shall be considered to be sufficient to establish the existence of a totally...

  3. Generalized Ordinary Differential Equation Models 1

    PubMed Central

    Miao, Hongyu; Wu, Hulin; Xue, Hongqi

    2014-01-01

    Existing estimation methods for ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are not applicable to discrete data. The generalized ODE (GODE) model is therefore proposed and investigated for the first time. We develop the likelihood-based parameter estimation and inference methods for GODE models. We propose robust computing algorithms and rigorously investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator by considering both measurement errors and numerical errors in solving ODEs. The simulation study and application of our methods to an influenza viral dynamics study suggest that the proposed methods have a superior performance in terms of accuracy over the existing ODE model estimation approach and the extended smoothing-based (ESB) method. PMID:25544787

  4. Generalized Ordinary Differential Equation Models.

    PubMed

    Miao, Hongyu; Wu, Hulin; Xue, Hongqi

    2014-10-01

    Existing estimation methods for ordinary differential equation (ODE) models are not applicable to discrete data. The generalized ODE (GODE) model is therefore proposed and investigated for the first time. We develop the likelihood-based parameter estimation and inference methods for GODE models. We propose robust computing algorithms and rigorously investigate the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator by considering both measurement errors and numerical errors in solving ODEs. The simulation study and application of our methods to an influenza viral dynamics study suggest that the proposed methods have a superior performance in terms of accuracy over the existing ODE model estimation approach and the extended smoothing-based (ESB) method.

  5. Key attributes of health ministries in African American churches: an exploratory survey.

    PubMed

    Carter-Edwards, Lori; Jallah, Yhenneko B; Goldmon, Moses V; Roberson, J T; Hoyo, Cathrine

    2006-01-01

    Church leaders are considered instrumental in the successful implementation of church-based health programs. However it is unknown which program attributes they perceive as important and which program attributes exist in their congregations. To explore the perceived importance and existence of health ministry-related attributes in predominately African American churches. Cross-sectional survey, with a convenience sample of 98 registered church leaders attending a conference on health and spirituality in Raleigh, NC. Attendees were asked to complete a brief survey assessing perceived importance (very important vs. somewhat or not important) and existence (yes vs. no) of 20, health ministry-related attributes in their churches. Percent perceived as very important, percent existence, and their differences were assessed for each attribute. Seventy-two (73.5%) of the attendees completed the survey. Attributes perceived as very important were: displaying health information in churches (73.6%); hosting health fairs for church members (73.2%); pastoral, church-based Internet access (70.8%); willingness to receive foundation funding for activities (66.7%); and incorporating health messages in Sunday bulletins (65.3%). For each of these program attributes, there was a gap between the proportion rating them "very important" and existence of the attribute in their own congregations (range diff in %: -8.3 to -22.2). Lack of generalizability due to sample selection and homogeneity. Among leaders surveyed, despite perceived importance, attributes did not exist for all. Future studies should evaluate whether attributes considered important by church leadership parallel an increase in the development and maintenance of health program activities, and are associated with congregation health behaviors and health outcomes.

  6. Chimera-like states in a neuronal network model of the cat brain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Santos, M. S.; Szezech, J. D.; Borges, F. S.; Iarosz, K. C.; Caldas, I. L.; Batista, A. M.; Viana, R. L.; Kurths, J.

    2017-08-01

    Neuronal systems have been modeled by complex networks in different description levels. Recently, it has been verified that networks can simultaneously exhibit one coherent and other incoherent domain, known as chimera states. In this work, we study the existence of chimera states in a network considering the connectivity matrix based on the cat cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex of the cat can be separated in 65 cortical areas organised into the four cognitive regions: visual, auditory, somatosensory-motor and frontolimbic. We consider a network where the local dynamics is given by the Hindmarsh-Rose model. The Hindmarsh-Rose equations are a well known model of neuronal activity that has been considered to simulate membrane potential in neuron. Here, we analyse under which conditions chimera states are present, as well as the affects induced by intensity of coupling on them. We observe the existence of chimera states in that incoherent structure can be composed of desynchronised spikes or desynchronised bursts. Moreover, we find that chimera states with desynchronised bursts are more robust to neuronal noise than with desynchronised spikes.

  7. Economic evaluation: Concepts, selected studies, system costs, and a proposed program

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Osterhoudt, F. H. (Principal Investigator)

    1979-01-01

    The more usual approaches to valuing crop information are reviewed and an integrated approach is recommended. Problems associated with implementation are examined. What has already been accomplished in the economic evaluation of LACIE-type information is reported including various studies of benefits. The costs of the existing and proposed systems are considered. A method and approach is proposed for further studies.

  8. Relationships between Lexical and Phonological Development: A Look at Bilingual Children--A Commentary on Stoel-Gammon's "Relationships between Lexical and Phonological Development in Young Children"

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kehoe, Margaret

    2011-01-01

    Stoel-Gammon (this issue) highlights the close and symbiotic association that exists between the lexical and phonological domains in early linguistic development. Her comprehensive review considers two bodies of literature: (1) child-centred studies; and (2) studies based on adult psycholinguistic research. Within the child-centred studies, both…

  9. Properties of material in the submillimeter wave region (instrumentation and measurement of index of refraction)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lally, J.; Meister, R.

    1983-01-01

    The Properties of Materials in the Submillimeter Wave Region study was initiated to instrument a system and to make measurements of the complex index of refraction in the wavelength region between 0.1 to 1.0 millimeters. While refractive index data is available for a number of solids and liquids there still exists a need for an additional systematic study of dielectric properties to add to the existing data, to consider the accuracy of the existing data, and to extend measurements in this wavelength region for other selected mateials. The materials chosen for consideration would be those with useful thermal, mechanical, and electrical characteristics. The data is necessary for development of optical components which, for example, include beamsplitters, attenuators, lenses, grids, all useful for development of instrumentation in this relatively unexploited portion of the spectrum.

  10. Dementia ascertainment using existing data in UK longitudinal and cohort studies: a systematic review of methodology.

    PubMed

    Sibbett, Ruth A; Russ, Tom C; Deary, Ian J; Starr, John M

    2017-07-03

    Studies investigating the risk factors for or causation of dementia must consider subjects prior to disease onset. To overcome the limitations of prospective studies and self-reported recall of information, the use of existing data is key. This review provides a narrative account of dementia ascertainment methods using sources of existing data. The literature search was performed using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychInfo and Web of Science. Included articles reported a UK-based study of dementia in which cases were ascertained using existing data. Existing data included that which was routinely collected and that which was collected for previous research. After removing duplicates, abstracts were screened and the remaining articles were included for full-text review. A quality tool was used to evaluate the description of the ascertainment methodology. Of the 3545 abstracts screened, 360 articles were selected for full-text review. 47 articles were included for final consideration. Data sources for ascertainment included: death records, national datasets, research databases and hospital records among others. 36 articles used existing data alone for ascertainment, of which 27 used only a single data source. The most frequently used source was a research database. Quality scores ranged from 7/16 to 16/16. Quality scores were better for articles with dementia ascertainment as an outcome. Some papers performed validation studies of dementia ascertainment and most indicated that observed rates of dementia were lower than expected. We identified a lack of consistency in dementia ascertainment methodology using existing data. With no data source identified as a "gold-standard", we suggest the use of multiple sources. Where possible, studies should access records with evidence to confirm the diagnosis. Studies should also calculate the dementia ascertainment rate for the population being studied to enable a comparison with an expected rate.

  11. Groundwater pumping effects on contaminant loading management in agricultural regions.

    PubMed

    Park, Dong Kyu; Bae, Gwang-Ok; Kim, Seong-Kyun; Lee, Kang-Kun

    2014-06-15

    Groundwater pumping changes the behavior of subsurface water, including the location of the water table and characteristics of the flow system, and eventually affects the fate of contaminants, such as nitrate from agricultural fertilizers. The objectives of this study were to demonstrate the importance of considering the existing pumping conditions for contaminant loading management and to develop a management model to obtain a contaminant loading design more appropriate and practical for agricultural regions where groundwater pumping is common. Results from this study found that optimal designs for contaminant loading could be determined differently when the existing pumping conditions were considered. This study also showed that prediction of contamination and contaminant loading management without considering pumping activities might be unrealistic. Motivated by these results, a management model optimizing the permissible on-ground contaminant loading mass together with pumping rates was developed and applied to field investigation and monitoring data from Icheon, Korea. The analytical solution for 1-D unsaturated solute transport was integrated with the 3-D saturated solute transport model in order to approximate the fate of contaminants loaded periodically from on-ground sources. This model was further expanded to manage agricultural contaminant loading in regions where groundwater extraction tends to be concentrated in a specific period of time, such as during the rice-growing season, using a method that approximates contaminant leaching to a fluctuating water table. The results illustrated that the simultaneous management of groundwater quantity and quality was effective and appropriate to the agricultural contaminant loading management and the model developed in this study, which can consider time-variant pumping, could be used to accurately estimate and to reasonably manage contaminant loading in agricultural areas. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Advanced turboprop testbed systems study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Goldsmith, I. M.

    1982-01-01

    The proof of concept, feasibility, and verification of the advanced prop fan and of the integrated advanced prop fan aircraft are established. The use of existing hardware is compatible with having a successfully expedited testbed ready for flight. A prop fan testbed aircraft is definitely feasible and necessary for verification of prop fan/prop fan aircraft integrity. The Allison T701 is most suitable as a propulsor and modification of existing engine and propeller controls are adequate for the testbed. The airframer is considered the logical overall systems integrator of the testbed program.

  13. KAM for Beating Solutions of the Quintic NLS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haus, E.; Procesi, M.

    2017-09-01

    We consider the nonlinear Schrödinger equation of degree five on the circle T= R / 2π}. We prove the existence of quasi-periodic solutions with four frequencies which bifurcate from "resonant" solutions [studied in Grébert and Thomann (Ann Inst Henri Poincaré Anal Non Linéaire 29(3):455-477, 2012)] of the system obtained by truncating the Hamiltonian after one step of Birkhoff normal form, exhibiting recurrent exchange of energy between some Fourier modes. The existence of these quasi-periodic solutions is a purely nonlinear effect.

  14. Thunder Energy Inc. applications to modify an existing sweet gas processing facility to a sour gas processing facility and increase the hydrogen sulfide concentration of existing pipelines, Kelsey area: Examiner report 98-2, application numbers 1007719 and 1013399

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    Thunder Energy Inc. received approval from the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board for modification of an existing gas plant to process sour gas, and also applied for permission to increase the hydrogen sulfide content of its existing pipelines in the Kelsey area. This report presents the views of Thunder Energy, the Board, and various intervenors at a hearing held to consider objections to the plant approval and matters related to the application. Issues considered include the need for sour gas processing, the need for the plant modification as opposed to the feasibility of using existing sour gas processing facilities, environmentalmore » impacts, and the requirements for notification of industry in the area. The report concludes with the Board`s decision.« less

  15. Cutoff Scores for the Autism Spectrum Disorder--Comorbid for Children (ASD-CC)

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Thorson, Ryan T.; Matson, Johnny L.

    2012-01-01

    Once considered rare, Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are increasingly becoming viewed as common disorders. Additionally, recent studies suggest that comorbid psychopathology within ASD is more common than previously thought. Though these deficits exist, specific instruments to diagnose psychopathology in this population are not available. In this…

  16. Pathways from Global Education Understandings to Teaching Music

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Power, Anne; Horsley, Mike

    2010-01-01

    Research has shown that undergraduate disciplinary study provides new teachers with knowledge schemas derived from their discipline. The key question considered in this article is: what existing disciplinary knowledge do pre-service music teachers call upon to construct their schemas of global education? This is a critical question as global…

  17. What Stands and Develops between Creative and Critical Thinking? Argumentation?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Glassner, Amnon; Schwarz, Baruch B.

    2007-01-01

    Creative and critical thinking have been traditionally considered as involving independent skills and dispositions. However the definition of critical thinking has been gradually reconsidered to include skills and dispositions through which one opens new links instead of scrutinizing existing links in a closed analysis. Experimental studies have…

  18. Does Science Presuppose Naturalism (or Anything at All)?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fishman, Yonatan I.; Boudry, Maarten

    2013-01-01

    Several scientists, scientific institutions, and philosophers have argued that science is committed to Methodological Naturalism (MN), the view that science, by virtue of its methods, is limited to studying "natural" phenomena and cannot consider or evaluate hypotheses that refer to supernatural entities. While they may in fact exist, gods,…

  19. Cross-Modal Facilitation in Speech Prosody

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Foxton, Jessica M.; Riviere, Louis-David; Barone, Pascal

    2010-01-01

    Speech prosody has traditionally been considered solely in terms of its auditory features, yet correlated visual features exist, such as head and eyebrow movements. This study investigated the extent to which visual prosodic features are able to affect the perception of the auditory features. Participants were presented with videos of a speaker…

  20. An Observation of Normative Structure for College Admission and Recruitment Officers

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hodum, Robert L.; James, Glenn W.

    2010-01-01

    This study suggests that an unwritten code of ethics exists in the form of a behavioral normative structure for college and university admission officers. Also considered are the influences that personal and institutional factors have on the espousal of these norms. (Contains 2 tables and 1 note.)

  1. Aligning Person-Centred Methods and Young People's Conceptualizations of Diversity

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Waite, Sue; Boyask, Ruth; Lawson, Hazel

    2010-01-01

    Many existing studies of diversity are concerned with social groups identified by externally determined factors, for example, ethnicity, gender, or educational attainment, and examine, either quantitatively or qualitatively, issues delineated by these. In evaluating methods used in previous research, we consider ways in which the adoption of…

  2. The Impact of Mobile Technologies on Distance Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fuegen, Shauna'h

    2012-01-01

    This article considers the growing amount of research on using mobile technologies in education. As mobile devices become increasingly more prevalent, it is imperative to study their use and effect on the growing field of distance education. This brief review of existing literature indicates that traditional theories of learning, in both…

  3. Comparing Right and Left Brain Dominant Students on Reading Achievement Scores.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Van Giesen, Angela M.; And Others

    1987-01-01

    Assesses the differences in reading achievement scores of remedial reading students identified as having differing hemispheric specializations by studying 64 fourth- and fifth-grade students in a remedial reading program. Suggests that no significant difference exists on the comprehension subtest when hemispheric preference was considered,…

  4. Institutional and Noninstitutional Influences on Information and Communication Technology Adoption and Use among Nonprofit Organizations

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zorn, Theodore E.; Flanagin, Andrew J.; Shoham, Mirit Devorah

    2011-01-01

    In this study, nonprofit organizations (NPOs) in New Zealand were surveyed to explore influences on adoption and use of information and communication technologies (ICTs). We sought to extend existing research by considering "institutional" influences alongside organizational and environmental features and by examining how institutional…

  5. Habituation Is Not Enough: Novelty Preferences, Search, and Memory in Infancy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sophian, Catherine

    1980-01-01

    Critically evaluates habituation and related models for studying infant memory, focusing on methodological and substantive limitations which restrict the derivation of information from them. The essay considers existing research on the development of object permanence as an alternative source of information about infant memory. (Author/DB)

  6. Integrating "Ubunifu," Informal Science, and Community Innovations in Science Classrooms in East Africa

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Semali, Ladislaus M.; Hristova, Adelina; Owiny, Sylvia A.

    2015-01-01

    This study examines the relationship between informal science and indigenous innovations in local communities in which students matured. The discussion considers methods for bridging the gap that exists between parents' understanding of informal science ("Ubunifu") and what students learn in secondary schools in Kenya, Tanzania, and…

  7. Report of the President's Committee On Student Involvement in the University.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Benovich, Joseph B.; And Others

    Originally established to consider expanded faculty and student involvement in the governance of Cleveland State University, the Committee decided to recommend changes within the existing governmental structure rather than encourage the establishment of a new system. Background material was studied, meetings were held and 2 questionnaires were…

  8. Predictors of Job Satisfaction amongst Baccalaureate Nurse Faculty

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Overstreet, Lori M.

    2017-01-01

    The nursing shortage and the nurse faculty shortage are concomitantly connected. Considering the worsening shortage of nurse faculty, inquiry into factors which may influence the job satisfaction of faculty was warranted. The purpose of this quantitative correlational research study was to explore whether a significant relationship existed for…

  9. Quality Parameterization of Educational Resources from the Perspective of a Teacher

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Karolcík, Štefan; Cipková, Elena; Veselský, Milan; Hrubišková, Helena; Matulcíková, Mária

    2017-01-01

    Objective assessment of the quality of available educational resources presupposes the existence of specific quality standards and specific evaluation tools which consider the specificities of digital products with educational ambitions. The study presents the results of research conducted on a representative sample of teachers who commented on…

  10. Employee Perspectives on MOOCs for Workplace Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Egloffstein, Marc; Ifenthaler, Dirk

    2017-01-01

    Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) can be considered a rather novel method in digital workplace learning, and there is as yet little empirical evidence on the acceptance and effectiveness of MOOCs in professional learning. In addition to existing findings on employers' attitudes, this study seeks to investigate the employee perspective towards…

  11. What Is Not Said on Hearing Poetry in the Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gordon, John

    2010-01-01

    This article considers an exchange between pupils in response to heard poetry, approaching it through a "conversation analytic mentality" informed by the theories of Basil Bernstein. Using his terms, it describes an existing "pedagogic device" of poetry study for schools, to which responses under discussion do not easily…

  12. The Educational and Economic Value of Online Learning for Museums

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Crow, William B.; Din, Herminia

    2010-01-01

    Given the increasingly interactive, dynamic, and cost-effective online learning platforms that are available, as well as studies that demonstrate the efficacy of online and blended learning, museums should consider how these new formats may complement their existing educational programs. Besides offering new possibilities for education, online…

  13. Multidimensional Scaling of High School Students' Perceptions of Academic Dishonesty

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schmelkin, Liora Pedhazur; Gilbert, Kimberly A.; Silva, Rebecca

    2010-01-01

    Although cheating on tests and other forms of academic dishonesty are considered rampant, no standard definition of academic dishonesty exists. The current study was conducted to investigate the perceptions of academic dishonesty in high school students, utilizing an innovative methodology, multidimensional scaling (MDS). Two methods were used to…

  14. Autonomous home-care nursing staff are more engaged in their work and less likely to consider leaving the healthcare sector: a questionnaire survey.

    PubMed

    Maurits, Erica E M; de Veer, Anke J E; van der Hoek, Lucas S; Francke, Anneke L

    2015-12-01

    The need for home care is rising in many Western European countries, due to the ageing population and governmental policies to substitute institutional care with home care. At the same time, a general shortage of qualified home-care staff exists or is expected in many countries. It is important to retain existing nursing staff in the healthcare sector to ensure a stable home-care workforce for the future. However, to date there has been little research about the job factors in home care that affect whether staff are considering leaving the healthcare sector. The main purpose of the study was to examine how home-care nursing staff's self-perceived autonomy relates to whether they have considered leaving the healthcare sector and to assess the possible mediating effect of work engagement. The questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study involved 262 registered nurses and certified nursing assistants employed in Dutch home-care organisations (mean age of 51; 97% female). The respondents were members of the Dutch Nursing Staff Panel, a nationwide group of nursing staff members in various healthcare settings (67% response rate). The questionnaire included validated scales concerning self-perceived autonomy and work engagement and a measure for considering pursuing an occupation outside the healthcare sector. Logistic regression and mediation analyses were conducted to test associations between self-perceived autonomy, work engagement and considering leaving the healthcare sector. Nursing staff members in home care who perceive more autonomy are more engaged in their work and less likely to have considered leaving the healthcare sector. The positive association between self-perceived autonomy and considering leaving, found among nursing staff members regardless of their level of education, is mediated by work engagement. In developing strategies for retaining nursing staff in home care, employers and policy makers should target their efforts at enhancing nursing staff's autonomy, thereby improving their work engagement. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Impact of ergonomic intervention in manual orange harvester among the workers of hilly region in India.

    PubMed

    Pranav, P K; Patel, Thaneswer

    2016-04-07

    Manual orange harvesting is very laborious, time consuming and unsafe operation whereas neither mechanical harvesting nor mechanized hand harvesting is possible in north-east India due to its hilly terrains. The awkward postures and repetitive nature of work in orange harvesting, demands a comfortable and appropriate hand harvester for hilly region. The purpose of this study was to develop a manual orange harvester for hilly regions considering the ergonomic parameters, and compare the performance with the existing models of the manual harvester. In this study twenty healthy experienced orchard workers (10 male and 10 female) participated who did not have any previous functional musculoskeletal disorders. We developed a manual orange harvester by eliminating the problems associated with the existing harvesters. The developed model along with existing models was evaluated extensively in the field. During evaluations, heart rate of the subjects was measured and oxygen consumption was predicted to calculate the energy expenditure rate (EER) from the established relationship in the laboratory before the field experiments. Further, performance parameters of orange harvester i.e. plucking rate (PR), damaged quantity (DQ), plucking energy requirement (PER) and discomfort rating were also observed. The PR was 425, 300 and 287 pieces per hour for the developed model (DM), first existing model (EM1) and second existing model (EM2), respectively. The DM showed lower PER (2.14 kJ/piece) followed by EM2 (2.95 kJ/piece) and EM1 (4.02 kJ/piece) which is considered as overall performance as it includes energy per unit of plucking. Further, the body part discomfort score revealed that DM was more comfortable in use followed by EM2 and EM1. The performance of the DM was found better in terms of plucking rate, energy requirement and body part discomfort than the other existing models. Shoulders and neck are the most affected body parts where all subjects felt severe discomfort.

  16. A Comparative Analysis of Holographic, 3D-Printed, and Computer-Generated Models: Implications for Engineering Technology Students' Spatial Visualization Ability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Katsioloudis, Petros J.; Jones, Mildred V.

    2018-01-01

    A number of studies indicate that the use of holographic displays can influence spatial visualization ability; however, research provides inconsistent results. Considering this, a quasi-experimental study was conducted to identify the existence of statistically significant effects on sectional view drawing ability due to the impacts of holographic…

  17. Impacts of Music on Sectional View Drawing Ability for Engineering Technology Students as Measured through Technical Drawings

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Katsioloudis, Petros; Jones, Mildred; Jovanovic, Vukica

    2016-01-01

    Results from a number of studies indicate that the use of different types of music can influence cognition and behavior; however, research provides inconsistent results. Considering this, a quasi-experimental study was conducted to identify the existence of statistically significant effects on sectional view drawing ability due to the impacts of…

  18. Modularity, Working Memory, and Second Language Acquisition: A Research Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Truscott, John

    2017-01-01

    Considerable reason exists to view the mind, and language within it, as modular, and this view has an important place in research and theory in second language acquisition (SLA) and beyond. But it has had very little impact on the study of working memory and its role in SLA. This article considers the need for modular study of working memory,…

  19. [Surgery in aged patients: a study on 476 surgical cases].

    PubMed

    Guglielminetti, D; Angelini, L; Pasi, L; Carosi, V

    1990-06-01

    The Authors report their experience from 1984 to 1989 with surgery in the elderly. Patients aged 75 years were considered as geriatric and entered the study. Mortality and morbidity rates were analysed in 476 cases operated. Pre-existent diseases were related to postoperative complications. The Authors conclude underlining the feasibility of geriatric surgery as well as the acceptable risk rate.

  20. A Descriptive Study of Superintendents' and School Board Members' Perceptions of the Superintendent's Leadership in Rural Districts in Three Mid-Atlantic States

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilson, Janet S.

    2011-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to ascertain if perceptual differences exist between superintendents and board members regarding superintendents' leadership behaviors in rural school districts. Transformational leadership is considered necessary for organizations to move forward in the 21st century. This research sought to determine if…

  1. John Ellard Gore: "Giant Suns and Miniature Stars"

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Holberg, Jay B.

    2007-12-01

    The Irish amateur astronomer John Ellard Gore (1845-1910) was a founding member of the British Astronomical Association and a prolific author of popular astronomy between 1880 and 1910. He is perhaps best remembered for his books `The Visible Universe’ (1893), an English language translation of Camille Flammarion's `Popular Astronomy’ (1894) and his contributions to Agnes Clerk's `Astronomy’ (1898). I consider a little known investigation that Gore undertook into the question of stellar `sizes’ using binary stars. This led him to the realization of the existence of "Giant Suns” as well as "Miniature Stars” the latter included the sun. Gore also considered the existence of hyper-dense compact objects, now known as white dwarfs. Unfortunately Gore rejected the reality of the latter stellar types. Gore based his conclusions on a formula developed by fellow Irish astronomer W.H.S. Monck, who was reaching similar conclusions about Giant stars through the study of stellar motions.

  2. Ultra-sensitive inertial sensors via neutral-atom interferometry

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clauser, John F.

    1989-01-01

    Upon looking at the various colossal interferometers, etc., discussed at this conference to test gravitational theory, one cannot avoid feeling that easier approaches exist. The use of low velocity, neutral atom matter waves in place of electromagnetic waves in sensitive inertial interferometer configurations is proposed. For applications, spacecraft experiments to sense a drag-free condition, to measure the Lense-Thirring precession, to measure the gravitomagnetic effect and/or the earth's geopotential (depending on altitude), and to detect long period gravitational waves are considered. Also, a terrestrial precision test of the equivalence principle on spin polarized atoms, capable of detecting effects of the 5th force is considered. While the ideas described herein are preliminary, the orders of magnitude are sufficiently tantalizing to warrant further study. Although existing proposed designs may be adequate for some of these experiments, the use of matter-wave interferometry offers reduced complexity and cost, and an absence of cryogenics.

  3. Caffeine and suicide: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Silva, Adriana Cardoso; de Oliveira Ribeiro, Natalia Pinho; de Mello Schier, Alexandre Rafael; Pereira, Valeska Martinho; Vilarim, Marina Machado; Pessoa, Tamires Marinho; Arias-Carrión, Oscar; Machado, Sergio; Nardi, Antonio Egidio

    2014-01-01

    Suicide is considered a deliberate act initiated and concluded by a person with full knowledge or expectation of a fatal result, and one of the main symptoms of depression. An individual's conscious and excessive ingestion of a damaging substance is also considered to be an attempted suicide. Despite limited knowledge of caffeine abuse, deaths from overdose of caffeine have been reported in the literature. Thus, this study aims to review the existing literature on caffeine consumption and suicide attempts and deaths, investigating the relation between caffeine consumption and suicide attempts and deaths. We found 24 studies that discuss the relationship between caffeine and suicide. The findings revealed that, despite being an addictive substance and potentially fatal in higher doses, caffeine was still a rare factor in a number of studies concerning its relation with suicide attempts and death. The majority of the research found in this study was of the case study type. Furthermore, the majority of studies focus on the assistance offered to the victim and the procedures undertaken to control the bodily damage created. The existing studies indicate the substance may act as either a direct or an indirect agent in suicide. Therefore, a better understanding of how caffeine may be linked to suicide is crucial for its prevention.

  4. Strategies for improving patient recruitment to focus groups in primary care: a case study reflective paper using an analytical framework.

    PubMed

    Dyas, Jane V; Apekey, Tanefa; Tilling, Michelle; Siriwardena, A Niroshan

    2009-09-22

    Recruiting to primary care studies is complex. With the current drive to increase numbers of patients involved in primary care studies, we need to know more about successful recruitment approaches. There is limited evidence on recruitment to focus group studies, particularly when no natural grouping exists and where participants do not regularly meet. The aim of this paper is to reflect on recruitment to a focus group study comparing the methods used with existing evidence using a resource for research recruitment, PROSPeR (Planning Recruitment Options: Strategies for Primary Care). The focus group formed part of modelling a complex intervention in primary care in the Resources for Effective Sleep Treatment (REST) study. Despite a considered approach at the design stage, there were a number of difficulties with recruitment. The recruitment strategy and subsequent revisions are detailed. The researchers' modifications to recruitment, justifications and evidence from the literature in support of them are presented. Contrary evidence is used to analyse why some aspects were unsuccessful and evidence is used to suggest improvements. Recruitment to focus group studies should be considered in two distinct phases; getting potential participants to contact the researcher, and converting those contacts into attendance. The difficulty of recruitment in primary care is underemphasised in the literature especially where people do not regularly come together, typified by this case study of patients with sleep problems. We recommend training GPs and nurses to recruit patients during consultations. Multiple recruitment methods should be employed from the outset and the need to build topic related non-financial incentives into the group meeting should be considered. Recruitment should be monitored regularly with barriers addressed iteratively as a study progresses.

  5. An Energy Conservation Retrofit Process for Existing Public and Institutional Facilities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tiedeman, Thomas V.

    This manual was developed to provide assistance to public officials first considering energy conservation in existing public buildings. The manual focuses on management decisions which must be made in implementing energy conservation programs for existing buildings. It provides assistance in developing a plan of attack, establishing schedules,…

  6. Is there a conclusive evidence on lightning-related effects on sporadic E layers?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Haldoupis, Christos

    2018-07-01

    In recent years, there have been a few studies claiming that thunderstorm cloud-to-ground lightning discharges affect sporadic E layers existing over the storm. In this brief paper, we consider and critically evaluate the results of these studies in the context of our present knowledge on sporadic E layers and the coupling processes of thunderstorm and lightning wave energy into the upper atmosphere and lower ionosphere. It is shown that the reported findings and their implications raise questions and cast doubts, therefore the conclusions of the existing studies are not substantiated and thus need to be treated with caution. We reason that, the anticipated occurrence of lighting-related effects on midlatitude sporadic E lacks at present firm verification.

  7. Modeling for the allocation of oil spill recovery capacity considering environmental and economic factors.

    PubMed

    Ha, Min-Jae

    2018-01-01

    This study presents a regional oil spill risk assessment and capacities for marine oil spill response in Korea. The risk assessment of oil spill is carried out using both causal factors and environmental/economic factors. The weight of each parameter is calculated using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Final regional risk degrees of oil spill are estimated by combining the degree and weight of each existing parameter. From these estimated risk levels, oil recovery capacities were determined with reference to the recovery target of 7500kl specified in existing standards. The estimates were deemed feasible, and provided a more balanced distribution of resources than existing capacities set according to current standards. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Twelve recommendations for integrating existing systematic reviews into new reviews: EPC guidance.

    PubMed

    Robinson, Karen A; Chou, Roger; Berkman, Nancy D; Newberry, Sydne J; Fu, Rongwei; Hartling, Lisa; Dryden, Donna; Butler, Mary; Foisy, Michelle; Anderson, Johanna; Motu'apuaka, Makalapua; Relevo, Rose; Guise, Jeanne-Marie; Chang, Stephanie

    2016-02-01

    As time and cost constraints in the conduct of systematic reviews increase, the need to consider the use of existing systematic reviews also increases. We developed guidance on the integration of systematic reviews into new reviews. A workgroup of methodologists from Evidence-based Practice Centers developed consensus-based recommendations. Discussions were informed by a literature scan and by interviews with organizations that conduct systematic reviews. Twelve recommendations were developed addressing selecting reviews, assessing risk of bias, qualitative and quantitative synthesis, and summarizing and assessing body of evidence. We provide preliminary guidance for an efficient and unbiased approach to integrating existing systematic reviews with primary studies in a new review. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Engine technology challenges for a 21st Century High-Speed Civil Transport

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shaw, Robert J.; Gilkey, Samuel; Hines, Richard

    1993-01-01

    Ongoing NASA-funded studies by Boeing, McDonnell-Douglas, General Electric, and Pratt & Whitney indicate that an opportunity exists for a 21st Century High-Speed Civil Transport (HSCT) to become a major part of the international air transportation system. However, before industry will consider an HSCT product launch and an investment estimated to be over $15 billion for design and certification, major technology advances must be made. An overview of the propulsion-specific technology advances that must be in hand before an HSCT product launch could be considered is presented.

  10. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rigali, Mark J.; Pye, Steven; Hardin, Ernest

    This study considers the feasibility of large diameter deep boreholes for waste disposal. The conceptual approach considers examples of deep large diameter boreholes that have been successfully drilled, and also other deep borehole designs proposed in the literature. The objective for large diameter boreholes would be disposal of waste packages with diameters of 22 to 29 inches, which could enable disposal of waste forms such as existing vitrified high level waste. A large-diameter deep borehole design option would also be amenable to other waste forms including calcine waste, treated Na-bonded and Na-bearing waste, and Cs and Sr capsules.

  11. Pre-feasibility study for construction of a commercial coal hydrogenation plant

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hahn, W.; Wilhelm, H.; Kleinhueckelkotten, H.; Schmedeshagen, B.

    1982-11-01

    The technical problems, a suitable site and the unsatisfactory economics hinder the realization of a commercial coal liquefaction plant in Germany were identified. It is found that a plant for hydrogenation of coal and heavy oil according to the updated bergius-Pier process can be built. The improvement of acceptable reactor loading and increase of product yield was considered. The infrastructure aspects of a site for the plant which covers 300 hectars as well as eventually existing atmospheric pollution conditions in the environment are also considered.

  12. Resilience as a response to the stigma of depression: a mixed methods analysis.

    PubMed

    Boardman, Felicity; Griffiths, Frances; Kokanovic, Renata; Potiriadis, Maria; Dowrick, Christopher; Gunn, Jane

    2011-12-01

    Stigma has been shown to have a significant influence on help-seeking, adherence to treatment and social opportunities for those experiencing depression. There is a need for studies which examine how the stigma of depression intersects with responses to depression. 161 telephone interviews with people experiencing depressive symptoms, derived from a longitudinal cohort study, were sampled on the basis of their perceptions of stigma around depression. Interview transcripts were searched for references to stigma and analysed thematically. The frequency of the themes was calculated and cross-referenced, producing a meta-theme matrix. Stigma was closely linked to ideas about responsibility for causation and/or continuation of depressive symptoms. Stigmatized individuals felt compelled to take steps to develop their resilience including drawing on existing support networks and expanding on positive emotions and personal strengths in order to counteract this stigma. However, such strategies were burdensome for some. These participants gained relief from relinquishing their personal responsibility. The data were briefer than many interview studies. This narrowed its interpretation, but allowed a large sample of participants. When considering how to tailor therapies for those experiencing depressive symptoms, health professionals should consider the interaction of stigma with coping strategies. Many individuals can build on existing relationships and personal strengths to develop resilience, some however need to first relinquish the expectation of having sufficient pre-existing resilience within themselves. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Adapting a Cancer Literacy Measure for Use Among Navajo Women.

    PubMed

    Yost, Kathleen J; Bauer, Mark C; Buki, Lydia P; Austin-Garrison, Martha; Garcia, Linda V; Hughes, Christine A; Patten, Christi A

    2017-05-01

    The authors designed a community-based participatory research study to develop and test a family-based behavioral intervention to improve cancer literacy and promote mammography among Navajo women. Using data from focus groups and discussions with a community advisory committee, they adapted an existing questionnaire to assess cancer knowledge, barriers to mammography, and cancer beliefs for use among Navajo women. Questions measuring health literacy, numeracy, self-efficacy, cancer communication, and family support were also adapted. The resulting questionnaire was found to have good content validity, and to be culturally and linguistically appropriate for use among Navajo women. It is important to consider culture and not just language when adapting existing measures for use with AI/AN (American Indian/Alaskan Native) populations. English-language versions of existing literacy measures may not be culturally appropriate for AI/AN populations, which could lead to a lack of semantic, technical, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence, resulting in misinterpretation of study outcomes.

  14. Approximations to the distribution of a test statistic in covariance structure analysis: A comprehensive study.

    PubMed

    Wu, Hao

    2018-05-01

    In structural equation modelling (SEM), a robust adjustment to the test statistic or to its reference distribution is needed when its null distribution deviates from a χ 2 distribution, which usually arises when data do not follow a multivariate normal distribution. Unfortunately, existing studies on this issue typically focus on only a few methods and neglect the majority of alternative methods in statistics. Existing simulation studies typically consider only non-normal distributions of data that either satisfy asymptotic robustness or lead to an asymptotic scaled χ 2 distribution. In this work we conduct a comprehensive study that involves both typical methods in SEM and less well-known methods from the statistics literature. We also propose the use of several novel non-normal data distributions that are qualitatively different from the non-normal distributions widely used in existing studies. We found that several under-studied methods give the best performance under specific conditions, but the Satorra-Bentler method remains the most viable method for most situations. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.

  15. "Inflaming your neighbors": copycat firesetting in adolescents.

    PubMed

    Lambie, Ian; Randell, Isabel; McDowell, Heather

    2014-09-01

    The objective of this article is to consider and discuss existing research and theory concerning copycat problem behaviors and copycat offending and how this may be applicable to populations of firesetting children and adolescents. The primary databases used to search for literature were PsychInfo, Medline, and Eric. Google Scholar was used as an additional Internet search engine. While the primary focus was on literature published since 1990, earlier literature considered to be important was also included. Qualitative and quantitative studies suggest that consumption of violent media affects aggressive behaviors and supports the existence of a copycat effect within some offending populations. Existing literature suggests that processes such as desensitization, observational learning, priming, and alteration of scripts are involved in copycat behaviors and are mediated by individual, environmental, and media factors. While literature concerning firesetters has largely overlooked the possibility of a copycat effect, given their young age, and the often antisocial nature and individual and environmental problems associated with firesetters, they may be a population particularly vulnerable to such an effect. There is a need for consideration of the potential role of the media in copycat behaviors and for care to be taken in the way that the media reports events. © The Author(s) 2013.

  16. Population genetic testing for cancer susceptibility: founder mutations to genomes.

    PubMed

    Foulkes, William D; Knoppers, Bartha Maria; Turnbull, Clare

    2016-01-01

    The current standard model for identifying carriers of high-risk mutations in cancer-susceptibility genes (CSGs) generally involves a process that is not amenable to population-based testing: access to genetic tests is typically regulated by health-care providers on the basis of a labour-intensive assessment of an individual's personal and family history of cancer, with face-to-face genetic counselling performed before mutation testing. Several studies have shown that application of these selection criteria results in a substantial proportion of mutation carriers being missed. Population-based genetic testing has been proposed as an alternative approach to determining cancer susceptibility, and aims for a more-comprehensive detection of mutation carriers. Herein, we review the existing data on population-based genetic testing, and consider some of the barriers, pitfalls, and challenges related to the possible expansion of this approach. We consider mechanisms by which population-based genetic testing for cancer susceptibility could be delivered, and suggest how such genetic testing might be integrated into existing and emerging health-care structures. The existing models of genetic testing (including issues relating to informed consent) will very likely require considerable alteration if the potential benefits of population-based genetic testing are to be fully realized.

  17. Uptake of explosives from contaminated soil by existing vegetation at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Schneider, J.F.; Zellmer, S.D.; Tomczyk, N.A.

    This study examines the uptake of explosives by existing vegetation growing in soils contaminated with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) and 1,3,5-trinitro-3,5-triazine (RDX) in three areas at the Iowa Army Ammunition Plant (IAAP). To determine explosives uptake under natural environmental conditions, existing plant materials and soil from the root zone were sampled at different locations in each area, and plant materials were separated by species. Standard methods were used to determine the concentrations of explosives, their derivatives, and metabolites in the soil samples. Plant materials were also analyzed. The compound TNT was not detected in the aboveground portion of plants, and vegetation growingmore » on TNT-contaminated soils is not considered a health hazard. However, soil and plant roots may contain TNT degradation products that may be toxic; hence, their consumption is not advised. The compound RDX was found in the tops and roots of plants growing on RDX-contaminated soils at all surveyed sites. Although RDX is not a listed carcinogen, several of its potentially present degradation products are carcinogens. Therefore, the consumption of any plant tissues growing on RDX-contaminated sites should be considered a potential health hazard.« less

  18. Surface electromagnetic waves in Fibonacci superlattices: Theoretical and experimental results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    El Hassouani, Y.; Aynaou, H.; El Boudouti, E. H.; Djafari-Rouhani, B.; Akjouj, A.; Velasco, V. R.

    2006-07-01

    We study theoretically and experimentally the existence and behavior of the localized surface modes in one-dimensional (1D) quasiperiodic photonic band gap structures. These structures are made of segments and loops arranged according to a Fibonacci sequence. The experiments are carried out by using coaxial cables in the frequency region of a few tens of MHz. We consider 1D periodic structures (superlattice) where each cell is a well-defined Fibonacci generation. In these structures, we generalize a theoretical rule on the surface modes, namely when one considers two semi-infinite superlattices obtained by the cleavage of an infinite superlattice, it exists exactly one surface mode in each gap. This mode is localized on the surface either of one or the other semi-infinite superlattice. We discuss the existence of various types of surface modes and their spatial localization. The experimental observation of these modes is carried out by measuring the transmission through a guide along which a finite superlattice (i.e., constituted of a finite number of quasiperiodic cells) is grafted vertically. The surface modes appear as maxima of the transmission spectrum. These experiments are in good agreement with the theoretical model based on the formalism of the Green function.

  19. Solving the competitive facility location problem considering the reactions of competitor with a hybrid algorithm including Tabu Search and exact method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bagherinejad, Jafar; Niknam, Azar

    2018-03-01

    In this paper, a leader-follower competitive facility location problem considering the reactions of the competitors is studied. A model for locating new facilities and determining levels of quality for the facilities of the leader firm is proposed. Moreover, changes in the location and quality of existing facilities in a competitive market where a competitor offers the same goods or services are taken into account. The competitor could react by opening new facilities, closing existing ones, and adjusting the quality levels of its existing facilities. The market share, captured by each facility, depends on its distance to customer and its quality that is calculated based on the probabilistic Huff's model. Each firm aims to maximize its profit subject to constraints on quality levels and budget of setting up new facilities. This problem is formulated as a bi-level mixed integer non-linear model. The model is solved using a combination of Tabu Search with an exact method. The performance of the proposed algorithm is compared with an upper bound that is achieved by applying Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. Computational results show that our algorithm finds near the upper bound solutions in a reasonable time.

  20. [The French National Medicines Assessment Committee, innovation and therapeutic progress].

    PubMed

    Bouvenot, Gilles

    2006-01-01

    In France the role of the French National Medicines Assessment Committee, which is a part of the French National Authority for Health (HAS), is to evaluate the expected performance of new drugs in comparison with that of existing drug or non-drug treatments. This process includes evaluation of degree of innovation generally based on whether the drug can be considered as possibly, likely or certain to represent a factor of progress. However innovation and progress are not always synonymous. Progress is defined in terms of improvement in efficacy or tolerance determined by estimating the impact of the new product in comparison with existing modalities on the health of a subgroup of patients that can be readily defined, identified and studied. In general the committee considers any originality as positive since a new chemical or pharmacological class or a new mechanism of action may allow treatment of patients that did not respond to or tolerate existing products. However, when confronted with a concept without clear clinical benefits, the committee must distinguish between true and false innovation so that deliberation focuses more on recognition and quantification of progress than on systematic evaluation of innovation.

  1. Considering the Impact of Change when Using a Human Performance Technology (HPT) Approach with an Existing Instructional Coaching Intervention

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McElwain, Calee A.

    2012-01-01

    This action research study sought to examine the impact of applying the Human Performance Technology (HPT) principles to an intervention already in place in a suburban Missouri school district, and to review how those involved perceived the change of using the HPT approach. This action research study also examined what happened to the…

  2. A Survey of Homework Use, Experience of Barriers to Homework, and Attitudes about the Barriers to Homework among Couples and Family Therapists

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dattilio, Frank M.; Kazantzis, Nikolaos; Shinkfield, Gregg; Carr, Amanda G.

    2011-01-01

    Homework is a therapeutic process that has strong theoretical and empirical basis, but existing research has focused on "compliance" rather than considering the broader and more clinically meaningful construct of "engagement." Absent in the literature is empirical study of the barriers to engagement or study of homework use among couple and family…

  3. A CURRICULUM FOR ENGLISH, STUDENT PACKET, GRADE 9.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nebraska Univ., Lincoln. Curriculum Development Center.

    THE FIRST UNIT OF THE STUDENT PACKET FOR GRADE NINE OF THE NEBRASKA ENGLISH CURRICULUM IS A STUDY OF THE RELATIONSHIPS WHICH EXIST BETWEEN AUTHOR AND AUDIENCE, AND AN EXAMINATION OF THE EPIGRAM, LIMERICK, PARABLE, FABLE, AND ODE. WITH THIS BACKGROUND, STUDENTS CONSIDER "ON AVARICE" AND "ANIMAL FARM" AS EXAMPLES OF FORMAL AND…

  4. The Role of Educational Building in Urban Renewal.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Veenendaal, Alice C.; Wijk, Teun J. van

    A study was conducted to consider ways in which the existing stock of educational buildings can be deployed together with new capital investment and, where appropriate, in cooperation with other national or local initiatives, to contribute to social, economic, and environmental renewal in urban areas. Issues of management and access in the design…

  5. Integrating Technology into Classroom: The Learner-Centered Instructional Design

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sezer, Baris; Karaoglan Yilmaz, Fatma Gizem; Yilmaz, Ramazan

    2013-01-01

    In this study, to present an instructional model by considering the existing models of instructional design (ARCS, ADDIE, ASSURE, Dick and Carey, Seels and Glasgow, Smith and Ragan etc.) with the nature of technology-based education and to reveal analysis, design, development, implementation, evaluation, and to revise levels with lower levels of…

  6. Adolescent Girls and Body Image: Influence of Outdoor Adventure on Healthy Living

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barr-Wilson, Susie K.; Roberts, Nina S.

    2016-01-01

    Outdoor adventure may improve body image. However, minimal research exists on the effect outdoor adventure has on body image in adolescent girls, a demographic continually plagued by negative body image. In response, this exploratory study considered the influence of one outdoor adventure program in the San Francisco Bay Area. Through…

  7. Surprise! Infants Consider Possible Bases of Generalization for a Single Input Example

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gerken, LouAnn; Dawson, Colin; Chatila, Razanne; Tenenbaum, Josh

    2015-01-01

    Infants have been shown to generalize from a small number of input examples. However, existing studies allow two possible means of generalization. One is via a process of noting similarities shared by several examples. Alternatively, generalization may reflect an implicit desire to explain the input. The latter view suggests that generalization…

  8. Remedial Attitudinal Therapy in the Reformatory Classroom.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Whipple, Charles M.

    To determine if a link exists between academic progress and the correctional process in the reformatory classroom, this study considers the effect of bibliotherapy on the academic achievement and the personality of inmates of the Oklahoma State Reformatory enrolled in a biology course for a total of four, 10-week semesters. Becauses classes were…

  9. Determining the Debilitative Impact of Test Anxiety.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Madsen, Harold S.

    The detrimental effects of anxiety in English as a second language/foreign language (ESL/FL) are investigated. Although empirical research on the subject of ESL/FL test affect is limited, helpful insights on test anxiety exist in the psychological literature. Two constructs in the anxiety literature are considered relevant for this study: trait…

  10. Investigating Learning through Developmental Dance Movement as a Kinaesthetic Tool in the Early Years Foundation Stage

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Golding, Alison; Boes, Claudia; Nordin-Bates, Sanna M.

    2016-01-01

    The understanding of the significance of movement to learning benefits from advances in neuroscience. This study considered a neurophysiological perspective in relation to the educational theory of Accelerated Learning (AL) for which little empirical evidence exists. Childhood development themes and learning strategies from a…

  11. Ethics Education in Initial Teacher Education: Pre-Service Provision in England

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Walters, Sue; Heilbronn, Ruth; Daly, Caroline

    2018-01-01

    Ethics education exists in most professions internationally, yet is less prevalent in teacher education. This article reports on research exploring how ethics education is provided in university courses of initial teacher education (ITE) in England that was conducted as the second phase of an international survey study which considered the…

  12. A Dynamic System to Manage Changes in Course Material

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zaneldin, Essam K.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: Despite the popularity of existing course management systems, they do not consider the management of course material changes, particularly courses that require more than one instructor. The main purpose of this study is to instantly communicate course material changes to all instructors teaching the same course and to communicate approved…

  13. Pathways of Knowing: Integrating Citizen Science and Critical Thinking in the Adult ELL Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Basham, Melody

    2012-01-01

    This action research study examines what common perceptions and constructs currently exist in educating adult immigrants in Arizona and considers how might the integration of citizen science with the current English curriculum promote higher order thinking and educational equity in this population. A citizen science project called the Mastodon…

  14. The Public Good in English Private School Governance

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boyask, Ruth

    2015-01-01

    There exist some rare private schools that attempt to mitigate the anti-democratic qualities of the private schooling sector in England. This article reports on a study of private schools that aim to promote equality and participation through some aspects of their operations. It considers to what extent the governance structures within the schools…

  15. Theoretical survey on positronium formation and ionisation in positron atom scattering

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Basu, Madhumita; Ghosh, A. S.

    1990-01-01

    The recent theoretical studies are surveyed and reported on the formation of exotic atoms in positron-hydrogen, positron-helium and positron-lithium scattering specially at intermediate energy region. The ionizations of these targets by positron impact was also considered. Theoretical predictions for both the processes are compared with existing measured values.

  16. A Threshold Theory of the Humor Response

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Epstein, Robert; Joker, Veronica R.

    2007-01-01

    The humor response has long been considered mysterious, and it is given relatively little attention in modern experimental psychology, in spite of the fact that numerous studies suggest that it has substantial benefits for mood and health. Existing theories of humor fail to account for some of the most basic humor phenomena. On most occasions when…

  17. Improving Prospective Teachers' Counseling Competence in Parent-Teacher Talks: Effects of Training and Feedback

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gerich, Mara; Trittel, Monika; Schmitz, Bernhard

    2017-01-01

    Counseling parents concerning students' learning processes is considered to be an increasingly important competence area of teachers. However, few educational programs exist specifically focusing on improving this essential teacher competence, particularly in early teacher education. The current study, which took place at a German university,…

  18. Alternative Models of Service, Centralized Machine Operations. Phase II Report. Volume II.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Technology Management Corp., Alexandria, VA.

    A study was conducted to determine if the centralization of playback machine operations for the national free library program would be feasible, economical, and desirable. An alternative model of playback machine services was constructed and compared with existing network operations considering both cost and service. The alternative model was…

  19. Improving the Effectiveness of English Vocabulary Review by Integrating ARCS with Mobile Game-Based Learning

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wu, Ting-Ting

    2018-01-01

    Memorizing English vocabulary is often considered uninteresting, and a lack of motivation exists during learning activities. Moreover, most vocabulary practice systems automatically select words from articles and do not provide integrated model methods for students. Therefore, this study constructed a mobile game-based English vocabulary practice…

  20. Gender Development in 46,XY DSD: Influences of Chromosomes, Hormones, and Interactions with Parents and Healthcare Professionals

    PubMed Central

    Wisniewski, Amy B.

    2012-01-01

    Variables that impact gender development in humans are difficult to evaluate. This difficulty exists because it is not usually possible to tease apart biological influences on gender from social variables. People with disorders of sex development, or DSD, provide important opportunities to study gender within individuals for whom biologic components of sex can be discordant with social components of gender. While most studies of gender development in people with 46,XY DSD have historically emphasized the importance of genes and hormones on gender identity and gender role, more recent evidence for a significant role for socialization exists and is considered here. For example, the influence of parents' perceptions of, and reactions to, DSD are considered. Additionally, the impact of treatments for DSD such as receiving gonadal surgeries or genitoplasty to reduce genital ambiguity on the psychological development of people with 46,XY DSD is presented. Finally, the role of multi-disciplinary care including access to peer support for advancing medical, surgical and psychosexual outcomes of children and adults with 46,XY DSD, regardless of sex of rearing, is discussed. PMID:24278745

  1. A Study of Practical Proxy Reencryption with a Keyword Search Scheme considering Cloud Storage Structure

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Im-Yeong

    2014-01-01

    Data outsourcing services have emerged with the increasing use of digital information. They can be used to store data from various devices via networks that are easy to access. Unlike existing removable storage systems, storage outsourcing is available to many users because it has no storage limit and does not require a local storage medium. However, the reliability of storage outsourcing has become an important topic because many users employ it to store large volumes of data. To protect against unethical administrators and attackers, a variety of cryptography systems are used, such as searchable encryption and proxy reencryption. However, existing searchable encryption technology is inconvenient for use in storage outsourcing environments where users upload their data to be shared with others as necessary. In addition, some existing schemes are vulnerable to collusion attacks and have computing cost inefficiencies. In this paper, we analyze existing proxy re-encryption with keyword search. PMID:24693240

  2. A study of practical proxy reencryption with a keyword search scheme considering cloud storage structure.

    PubMed

    Lee, Sun-Ho; Lee, Im-Yeong

    2014-01-01

    Data outsourcing services have emerged with the increasing use of digital information. They can be used to store data from various devices via networks that are easy to access. Unlike existing removable storage systems, storage outsourcing is available to many users because it has no storage limit and does not require a local storage medium. However, the reliability of storage outsourcing has become an important topic because many users employ it to store large volumes of data. To protect against unethical administrators and attackers, a variety of cryptography systems are used, such as searchable encryption and proxy reencryption. However, existing searchable encryption technology is inconvenient for use in storage outsourcing environments where users upload their data to be shared with others as necessary. In addition, some existing schemes are vulnerable to collusion attacks and have computing cost inefficiencies. In this paper, we analyze existing proxy re-encryption with keyword search.

  3. Systematic review of modulators of benzodiazepine receptors in irritable bowel syndrome: Is there hope?

    PubMed Central

    Salari, Pooneh; Abdollahi, Mohammad

    2011-01-01

    Several drugs are used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but all have side effects and variable efficacy. Considering the role of the gut-brain axis, immune, neural, and endocrine pathways in the pathogenesis of IBS and possible beneficial effects of benzodiazepines (BZD) in this axis, the present systematic review focuses on the efficacy of BZD receptor modulators in human IBS. For the years 1966 to February 2011, all literature was searched for any articles on the use of BZD receptor modulators and IBS. After thorough evaluation and omission of duplicate data, 10 out of 69 articles were included. BZD receptor modulators can be helpful, especially in the diarrhea-dominant form of IBS, by affecting the inflammatory, neural, and psychologic pathways, however, controversies still exist. Recently, a new BZD receptor modulator, dextofisopam was synthesized and studied in human subjects, but the studies are limited to phase IIb clinical trials. None of the existing trials considered the neuroimmunomodulatory effect of BZDs in IBS, but bearing in mind the concentration-dependent effect of BZDs on cytokines and cell proliferation, future studies using pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic approaches are highly recommended. PMID:22090780

  4. Unemployment and ill health: understanding the relationship.

    PubMed Central

    Bartley, M

    1994-01-01

    OBJECTIVE--To review research relevant to understanding the psychological, social, and biological pathways by which unemployment may affect health risk; to consider the importance of four specific mechanisms; and to indicate some directions for future research. CRITERIA FOR INCLUSION AND EXCLUSION OF PUBLISHED STUDIES--Studies were chosen to illustrate the development of four major hypotheses regarding the relationship between unemployment and ill health, as well as the present state of knowledge. The review therefore includes some much-cited "classics" drawn from a long time span. Where recent reviews already exist relevant to individual mechanisms, these are referred to. Recent (since 1987) reports were sought by searching the BIDS data base. Particular effort was made to locate studies which enabled alternative hypotheses to be evaluated, and to point out where existing evidence is inconsistent or incomplete, indicating the need for further research. CONCLUSIONS--To understand the relationship between unemployment and ill health and mortality, four mechanisms need to be considered: the role of relative poverty; social isolation and loss of self esteem; health related behaviour (including that associated with membership of certain types of "subculture"); and the effect that a spell of unemployment has on subsequent employment patterns. PMID:7964329

  5. Existence and non-uniqueness of similarity solutions of a boundary-layer problem

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hussaini, M. Y.; Lakin, W. D.

    1986-01-01

    A Blasius boundary value problem with inhomogeneous lower boundary conditions f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = - lambda with lambda strictly positive was considered. The Crocco variable formulation of this problem has a key term which changes sign in the interval of interest. It is shown that solutions of the boundary value problem do not exist for values of lambda larger than a positive critical value lambda. The existence of solutions is proven for 0 lambda lambda by considering an equivalent initial value problem. It is found however that for 0 lambda lambda, solutions of the boundary value problem are nonunique. Physically, this nonuniqueness is related to multiple values of the skin friction.

  6. Existence and non-uniqueness of similarity solutions of a boundary layer problem

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hussaini, M. Y.; Lakin, W. D.

    1984-01-01

    A Blasius boundary value problem with inhomogeneous lower boundary conditions f(0) = 0 and f'(0) = - lambda with lambda strictly positive was considered. The Crocco variable formulation of this problem has a key term which changes sign in the interval of interest. It is shown that solutions of the boundary value problem do not exist for values of lambda larger than a positive critical value lambda. The existence of solutions is proven for 0 lambda lambda by considering an equivalent initial value problem. It is found however that for 0 lambda lambda, solutions of the boundary value problem are nonunique. Physically, this nonuniqueness is related to multiple values of the skin friction.

  7. Spatial structure of the magnetic field induced by an infrasonic wave in the oceanic waveguide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Semkin, S. V.; Smagin, V. P.

    2012-05-01

    The magnetic field generated by an acoustic wave propagating in the oceanic waveguide has been considered. The effect of the self-induction factor on the spatial structure of this field has been studied. It has been indicated that there exists a frequency range where it is necessary to take into consideration self-induction. It has been indicated that the induced field is most substantial at frequencies when only the first normal mode exists. The dependences of the induced field on the depth, frequency, and geomagnetic field direction have been obtained and analyzed for this frequency range.

  8. Basic Emotions in Human Neuroscience: Neuroimaging and Beyond.

    PubMed

    Celeghin, Alessia; Diano, Matteo; Bagnis, Arianna; Viola, Marco; Tamietto, Marco

    2017-01-01

    The existence of so-called 'basic emotions' and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology. Recently, neuroimaging evidence, especially related to the advent of neuroimaging meta-analytic methods, has revitalized this debate in the endeavor of systems and human neuroscience. The core theme focuses on the existence of unique neural bases that are specific and characteristic for each instance of basic emotion. Here we review this evidence, outlining contradictory findings, strengths and limits of different approaches. Constructionism dismisses the existence of dedicated neural structures for basic emotions, considering that the assumption of a one-to-one relationship between neural structures and their functions is central to basic emotion theories. While these critiques are useful to pinpoint current limitations of basic emotions theories, we argue that they do not always appear equally generative in fostering new testable accounts on how the brain relates to affective functions. We then consider evidence beyond PET and fMRI, including results concerning the relation between basic emotions and awareness and data from neuropsychology on patients with focal brain damage. Evidence from lesion studies are indeed particularly informative, as they are able to bring correlational evidence typical of neuroimaging studies to causation, thereby characterizing which brain structures are necessary for, rather than simply related to, basic emotion processing. These other studies shed light on attributes often ascribed to basic emotions, such as automaticity of perception, quick onset, and brief duration. Overall, we consider that evidence in favor of the neurobiological underpinnings of basic emotions outweighs dismissive approaches. In fact, the concept of basic emotions can still be fruitful, if updated to current neurobiological knowledge that overcomes traditional one-to-one localization of functions in the brain. In particular, we propose that the structure-function relationship between brain and emotions is better described in terms of pluripotentiality, which refers to the fact that one neural structure can fulfill multiple functions, depending on the functional network and pattern of co-activations displayed at any given moment.

  9. Hydraulic and Condition Assessment of Existing Sewerage Network: A Case Study of an Educational Institute

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sourabh, Nishant; Timbadiya, P. V.

    2018-04-01

    The hydraulic simulation of the existing sewerage network provides various information about critical points to assess the deteriorating condition and help in rehabilitation of existing network and future expansion. In the present study, hydraulic and condition assessment of existing network of educational Institute (i.e. Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology-Surat, Gujarat, India), having an area of 100 ha and ground levels in range of 5.0-9.0 m above mean sea level, has been carried out using sewage flow simulation for existing and future scenarios analysis using SewerGEMS v8i. The paper describes the features of 4.79 km long sewerage network of institute followed by network model simulation for aforesaid scenarios and recommendations on improvement of the existing network for future use. The total sewer loads for present and future scenarios are 1.67 million litres per day (MLD) and 3.62 MLD, considering the peak factor of 3 on the basis of population. The hydraulic simulation of the existing scenario indicated depth by diameter (d/D) ratio in the range of 0.02-0.48 and velocity range of 0.08-0.53 m/s for existing network for present scenario. For the future scenario, the existing network is needed to be modified and it was found that total of 11 conduits (length: 464.8 m) should be replaced to the next higher diameter available, i.e., 350 mm for utilization of existing network for future scenario. The present study provides the methodology for condition assessment of existing network and its utilization as per guidelines provided by Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization, 2013. The methodology presented in this paper can be used by municipal/public health engineer for the assessment of existing sewerage network for its serviceability and improvement in future.

  10. The Human Drones of Isis: How 21st Century Terrorism Uses Remote Warfare

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-06-01

    aftermath of 9/11 is Lorenzo Vidino’s Al Qaeda in Europe. Focusing on Al Qaeda (AQ) attacks in Europe, Vidino uses case studies of the major...the main focuses of our theory-building case study . 62 “The European Union’s Policies on Counter...it will consider case studies , and conduct cross- case comparisons in order to identify gaps in existing remote warfare theory. It will further

  11. Contour plot assessment of existing meta-analyses confirms robust association of statin use and acute kidney injury risk.

    PubMed

    Chevance, Aurélie; Schuster, Tibor; Steele, Russell; Ternès, Nils; Platt, Robert W

    2015-10-01

    Robustness of an existing meta-analysis can justify decisions on whether to conduct an additional study addressing the same research question. We illustrate the graphical assessment of the potential impact of an additional study on an existing meta-analysis using published data on statin use and the risk of acute kidney injury. A previously proposed graphical augmentation approach is used to assess the sensitivity of the current test and heterogeneity statistics extracted from existing meta-analysis data. In addition, we extended the graphical augmentation approach to assess potential changes in the pooled effect estimate after updating a current meta-analysis and applied the three graphical contour definitions to data from meta-analyses on statin use and acute kidney injury risk. In the considered example data, the pooled effect estimates and heterogeneity indices demonstrated to be considerably robust to the addition of a future study. Supportingly, for some previously inconclusive meta-analyses, a study update might yield statistically significant kidney injury risk increase associated with higher statin exposure. The illustrated contour approach should become a standard tool for the assessment of the robustness of meta-analyses. It can guide decisions on whether to conduct additional studies addressing a relevant research question. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. SCOUT: simultaneous time segmentation and community detection in dynamic networks

    PubMed Central

    Hulovatyy, Yuriy; Milenković, Tijana

    2016-01-01

    Many evolving complex real-world systems can be modeled via dynamic networks. An important problem in dynamic network research is community detection, which finds groups of topologically related nodes. Typically, this problem is approached by assuming either that each time point has a distinct community organization or that all time points share a single community organization. The reality likely lies between these two extremes. To find the compromise, we consider community detection in the context of the problem of segment detection, which identifies contiguous time periods with consistent network structure. Consequently, we formulate a combined problem of segment community detection (SCD), which simultaneously partitions the network into contiguous time segments with consistent community organization and finds this community organization for each segment. To solve SCD, we introduce SCOUT, an optimization framework that explicitly considers both segmentation quality and partition quality. SCOUT addresses limitations of existing methods that can be adapted to solve SCD, which consider only one of segmentation quality or partition quality. In a thorough evaluation, SCOUT outperforms the existing methods in terms of both accuracy and computational complexity. We apply SCOUT to biological network data to study human aging. PMID:27881879

  13. National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Daniel, John P.; Liu, Shu; Ibanez, Eduardo

    2014-07-30

    The National Offshore Wind Energy Grid Interconnection Study (NOWEGIS) considers the availability and potential impacts of interconnecting large amounts of offshore wind energy into the transmission system of the lower 48 contiguous United States. A total of 54GW of offshore wind was assumed to be the target for the analyses conducted. A variety of issues are considered including: the anticipated staging of offshore wind; the offshore wind resource availability; offshore wind energy power production profiles; offshore wind variability; present and potential technologies for collection and delivery of offshore wind energy to the onshore grid; potential impacts to existing utility systemsmore » most likely to receive large amounts of offshore wind; and regulatory influences on offshore wind development. The technologies considered the reliability of various high-voltage ac (HVAC) and high-voltage dc (HVDC) technology options and configurations. The utility system impacts of GW-scale integration of offshore wind are considered from an operational steady-state perspective and from a regional and national production cost perspective.« less

  14. Utilization of design data on conventional system to building information modeling (BIM)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akbar, Boyke M.; Z. R., Dewi Larasati

    2017-11-01

    Nowadays infrastructure development becomes one of the main priorities in the developed country such as Indonesia. The use of conventional design system is considered no longer effectively support the infrastructure projects, especially for the high complexity building design, due to its fragmented system issues. BIM comes as one of the solutions in managing projects in an integrated manner. Despite of the all known BIM benefits, there are some obstacles on the migration process to BIM. The two main of the obstacles are; the BIM implementation unpreparedness of some project parties and a concerns to leave behind the existing database and create a new one on the BIM system. This paper discusses the utilization probabilities of the existing CAD data from the conventional design system for BIM system. The existing conventional CAD data's and BIM design system output was studied to examine compatibility issues between two subject and followed by an utilization scheme-strategy probabilities. The goal of this study is to add project parties' eagerness in migrating to BIM by maximizing the existing data utilization and hopefully could also increase BIM based project workflow quality.

  15. RACOON: a multiuser QoS design for mobile wireless body area networks.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Shihheng; Huang, Chingyao; Tu, Chun Chen

    2011-10-01

    In this study, Random Contention-based Resource Allocation (RACOON) medium access control (MAC) protocol is proposed to support the quality of service (QoS) for multi-user mobile wireless body area networks (WBANs). Different from existing QoS designs that focus on a single WBAN, a multiuser WBAN QoS should further consider both inter-WBAN interference and inter-WBAN priorities. Similar problems have been studied in both overlapped wireless local area networks (WLANs) and Bluetooth piconets that need QoS supports. However, these solutions are designed for non-medical transmissions that do not consider any priority scheme for medical applications. Most importantly, these studies focus on only static or low mobility networks. Network mobility of WBANs will introduce unnecessary inter-network collisions and energy waste, which are not considered by these solutions. The proposed multiuser-QoS protocol, RACOON, simultaneously satisfies the inter WBAN QoS requirements and overcomes the performance degradation caused by WBAN mobility. Simulation results verify that RACOON provides better latency and energy control, as compared with WBAN QoS protocols without considering the inter-WBAN requirements.

  16. ENGINEERING ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF A PROGRAM FOR ARTIFICIAL GROUNDWATER RECHARGE.

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Reichard, Eric G.; Bredehoeft, John D.

    1984-01-01

    This study describes and demonstrates two alternate methods for evaluating the relative costs and benefits of artificial groundwater recharge using percolation ponds. The first analysis considers the benefits to be the reduction of pumping lifts and land subsidence; the second considers benefits as the alternative costs of a comparable surface delivery system. Example computations are carried out for an existing artificial recharge program in Santa Clara Valley in California. A computer groundwater model is used to estimate both the average long term and the drought period effects of artificial recharge in the study area. Results indicate that the costs of artificial recharge are considerably smaller than the alternative costs of an equivalent surface system. Refs.

  17. The Cuban “Exception”: The Development of an Advanced Scientific System in an Underdeveloped Country

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baracca, Angelo

    Science, education, politics, social development and economics are today considered to be highly interdependent. Although none of these factors can exist on their own, they have nevertheless often been considered in isolation from one other, or studies of their interactions have been confined to the consideration of more or less local contexts. When it comes to studying the history of physics in Cuba, however, it is not only inconceivable to separate scientific developments from their social, political, and cultural contexts. But, as this volume shows, the history of physics in Cuba cannot just focus on local contexts since it is closely entangled with global history, from colonialism to the Cold War.

  18. Comparative evaluation of existing expendable upper stages for space shuttle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Weyers, V. J.; Sagerman, G. D.; Borsody, J.; Lubick, R. J.

    1974-01-01

    The use of existing expendable upper stages in the space shuttle during its early years of operation is evaluated. The Burner 2, Scout, Delta, Agena, Transtage, and Centaur were each studied under contract by their respective manufacturers to determine the extent and cost of the minimum modifications necessary to integrate the stage with the shuttle orbiter. A comparative economic analysis of thirty-five different families of these stages is discussed. Results show that the overall transportation system cost differences between many of the families are quite small. However, by considering several factors in addition to cost, it is possible to select one family as being representative of the capability of the minimum modification existing stage approach. The selected family meets all of the specified mission requirements during the early years of shuttle operation.

  19. 40 CFR 790.24 - Criteria for determining whether a consensus exists concerning the provisions of a draft consent...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... consensus exists concerning the provisions of a draft consent agreement. 790.24 Section 790.24 Protection of... Rules § 790.24 Criteria for determining whether a consensus exists concerning the provisions of a draft... included in the consent agreement. (2) A draft consent agreement is considered inadequate by other...

  20. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-2 - Effective dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... existence. (c) Time of plan existence—(1) General rule. For purposes of this section, a plan is considered... in existence on January 1, 1974. Under section 1017(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, in the case of a plan which was not in existence on January 1, 1974, section 410 and the...

  1. 26 CFR 1.411(a)-2 - Effective dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... existence. (c) Time of plan existence—(1) General rule. For purposes of this section, a plan is considered... in existence on January 1, 1974. Under section 1017(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, in the case of a plan which was not in existence on January 1, 1974, section 411 and the...

  2. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-2 - Effective dates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... considered to be in existence. (c) Time of plan existence—(1) General rule. For purposes of this section, a.... (a) Plans not in existence on January 1, 1974. Under section 1017(a) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, in the case of a plan which was not in existence on January 1, 1974, section...

  3. A Conceptual Framework for Evaluating Attrition in Online Courses

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Laing, C. Linda; Laing, Gregory K.

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to develop a conceptual framework that considers the role that the sense of isolation and alienation play in contributing to attrition in online courses in the higher education sector. The approach adopted in this paper is a theoretical study aimed at synthesizing existing theories. The ultimate contribution of this…

  4. Emergent Literacy Activities in the Final Preschool Year in the German Federal States of Bavaria and Hesse

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smidt, Wilfried K.; Lehrl, Simone; Anders, Yvonne; Pohlmann-Rother, Sanna; Kluczniok, Katharina

    2012-01-01

    Emergent literacy activities are considered to be important for promoting children's emergent literacy skills. However, little research exists, especially in Germany, regarding how often such activities occur and in what context. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent of emergent literacy activities occurring in the final preschool…

  5. Practices against Culture that "Work" in Nunavut Schools: Problematizing Two Common Practices

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Berger, Paul; Epp, Juanita Ross

    2006-01-01

    Practices exist in Nunavut schools that were reported by "Qallunaat" (non-Inuit) teachers in Berger's (2001) study to "work," but that seem to be against historical Inuit culture. In this paper we discuss dangers in using such practices in schools that already erode Inuit culture, and also reasons to consider their use, then…

  6. 75 FR 64397 - Value Pricing Pilot Program Participation, Fiscal Years 2010 and 2011

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-19

    ... existing highway. Absent one or both of these conditions being met, an agreement will not be considered... program can be used to support pre- implementation study activities as well as to pay for pricing-specific implementation costs of value pricing projects. Pursuant to section 1012(b)(2) of ISTEA, FHWA may not fund pre...

  7. Study of Programs To Meet the Developmental Needs of Young Children. Report to the Legislature.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Minnesota State Dept. of Education, St. Paul. Div. of Development and Partnership.

    Committees discussed six educational program options for 4- and 5-year-old children, in terms of curriculum, staff and licensure, cost and school facilities, coordination with existing resources, public opinion, and school-age day care. The curriculum committee developed a set of goals, outlined a program design, and considered the possible…

  8. Investigating Differences in Personality Traits and Academic Needs among Prepared and Underprepared First-Year College Students

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Melzer, Dawn K.; Grant, Ruth M.

    2016-01-01

    Research has discovered that underprepared students are more likely to exhibit an external locus of control and low self-efficacy than those considered prepared. What differences exist between prepared and underprepared college students that may account for the variation in college performance? The objective of this study was to explore…

  9. Autumn monitoring of resident avifauna on Guana Island, British Virgin Islands

    Treesearch

    C.W. Boal; J.M. Wunderle Jr.; W.J. Arendt

    2013-01-01

    Although the Caribbean region is considered a biodiversity hotspot and a priority for ecological conservation efforts, little information exists on population trends of West Indian landbirds. We combined avian survey data collected from three studies spanning a 16-year period on a small island with a minimal human presence in the British Virgin Islands. Although...

  10. Toward a Systematic Framework for an Entrepreneurial University: A Study in Iranian Context with IPOO Model

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Salamzadeh, Aidin; Salarnzadeh, Yashar; Daraei, Mohammad Reza

    2011-01-01

    Purpose - The present paper aims to elaborate and consolidate the existing knowledge of the entrepreneurial university domain, and also seeks to provide a framework for the third generation of universities, i.e. Entrepreneurial Universities. In this research the third mission of universities is considered alongside traditional teaching and…

  11. A New Higher Education Curriculum in Organic Chemistry: What Questions Should Be Asked?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lafarge, David L.; Morge, Ludovic M.; Méheut, Martine M.

    2014-01-01

    Organic chemistry is often considered to be a difficult subject to teach and to learn, particularly as students prefer to resort to memorization alone rather than reasoning using models from chemical reactivity. Existing studies have led us to suggest principles for redefining the curriculum, ranging from its overall structure to the tasks given…

  12. The American College Student Cell Phone Survey

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Emanuel, Richard C.

    2013-01-01

    This article reports on a study of cell phone use among college students. This group is considered particularly important because college students tend to be among the first to try new technology, are the group most likely to innovate new ways of using existing technology, and are most vocal about what they need and/or want to see changed…

  13. Media, Millennials, and the Academy: Understanding the State of Media Literacy within Higher Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schmidt, H. C.

    2012-01-01

    While the perception exists that today's university students are digital natives, comfortable with all forms of new media and digital technology, previous research has suggested that there may be limits to our students' media savvy. This study considers the extent to which students possess competencies related to the message communication…

  14. The Communication Skills of Accountants: What We Know and the Gaps in Our Knowledge

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Siriwardane, Harshini P.; Durden, Chris H.

    2014-01-01

    This paper critically reviews 19 studies published between 1972 and 2012 that investigated the written and/or oral communication skills of practicing accountants. The core aim of the review was to identify skills considered important and highlight gaps regarding what is known about existing and desired communication skills in the accounting…

  15. Recognizing Value of Educational Collaboration between High Schools and Universities Facilitated by Modern ICT

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Zielinski, K.; Czekierda, L.; Malawski, F.; Stras, R.; Zielinski, S.

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we address the problem of an educational gap existing between high schools and universities: many students consider their choice of field of study as inappropriate, mostly due to insufficient information regarding the discipline and the university educational process. To solve this problem, we define an innovative, information and…

  16. "Freedom Can Only Exist in an Ordered State": Harmony and Civic Education in Singapore

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ho, Li-Ching

    2017-01-01

    This paper uses the concept of stories of peoplehood to examine how the Singapore government has constructed a story of harmony and to consider how this story has influenced two important school subjects focused on civic education: Social Studies and Character and Citizenship Education. Stories of peoplehood, including constitutive, economic and…

  17. Summary Report: Pilot Study of an Innovative Biological Treatment Process for the Removal of Ammonia from a Small Drinking Water System

    EPA Science Inventory

    The use of biologically active filtration to oxidize ammonia as a full-scale drinking water treatment process has not been thoroughly considered in the United States. A number of concerns with biological water treatment exist including the potential release of excessive numbers o...

  18. The Exploitative Nature of Work-Based Studies: A Sketch of an Idea

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gibbs, Paul

    2004-01-01

    This article argues that, if education is considered as a means of increasing human capital, then the potential exists for exploitation of the learners through the inequitable distribution of the value accruing from their research activities. To illustrate the argument, I discuss these issues through the lens of a work-based professional doctorate…

  19. Comparative study of cellulose nanofibrils Disintegrated from different Approaches

    Treesearch

    Yan Qing; Ronald Sabo; J.Y. Zhu; Zhiyong Cai; Yiqiang Wu

    2013-01-01

    The use of renewable materials has received a great deal of attention over the last several decades due to the environmental impact and finite resources of petroleum and other non-renewable resources. Cellulose nanofibrils are a type of nanomaterial made from natural resources like wood and non-wood plants, and they are considering promising alternative to existing...

  20. The "Individualized" (Woman) in the Academy: Ulrich Beck, Gender and Power

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Skelton, Christine

    2005-01-01

    This article considers the tensions and struggles that exist between men and women and between women and women in the academic workplace. The research reported here is a small-scale case study of 22 academic women from two generations who were interviewed about their career experiences. The theoretical framework is materialist feminism and draws…

  1. Graduate Introductory Educational Research Courses: A Look at What Is Required.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Todd, Robert F.; Reece, Carol Carter

    A diversity of practices exists with regard to the actual content taught in graduate-level courses in introduction to educational research. In a recent Delphi study, a national panel of 21 experts in educational research generated a list of 114 skills and knowledge areas they considered worthy objectives in an introductory course. What remained…

  2. The Mechanics of Social Capital and Academic Performance in an Indian College

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hasan, Sharique; Bagde, Surendrakumar

    2013-01-01

    In this article we examine how social capital affects the creation of human capital. Specifically, we study how college students' peers affect academic performance. Building on existing research, we consider the different types of peers in the academic context and the various mechanisms through which peers affect performance. We test our model…

  3. The Contribution of International Large-Scale Assessments to Educational Research: Combining Individual and Institutional Data Sources

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Strietholt, Rolf; Scherer, Ronny

    2018-01-01

    The present paper aims to discuss how data from international large-scale assessments (ILSAs) can be utilized and combined, even with other existing data sources, in order to monitor educational outcomes and study the effectiveness of educational systems. We consider different purposes of linking data, namely, extending outcomes measures,…

  4. International Service-Learning: Rethinking the Role of Emotions

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Larsen, Marianne A.

    2017-01-01

    Existing research on international service-learning (ISL) only implicitly alludes to emotions or considers emotions as a limited vehicle through which the more important work of learning occurs. This study set out to shift this focus on emotions to show how emotions are an integral part of the overall ISL experience. The aim was to understand how…

  5. Helping Students Understand Media: Examining the Efficacy of Interdisciplinary Media Training at the University Level

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Schmidt, Hans C.

    2015-01-01

    Crowded curriculums and restrictive program requirements often mean that comprehensive media literacy education is impractical at the university level, and that media literacy competencies can be addressed only in the form of narrowly focused lessons integrated into existing classes. This study considers the extent to which such limited lessons…

  6. Improving EFL Majors' Critical Reading Skills and Political Awareness: A Proposed Translation Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Abdel halim, Safaa M.

    2011-01-01

    Surveying the existing situation and considering the pilot study conducted by the researcher, it was clear that there is a problem concerning weaknesses in critical reading and translation skills aside from the lack of political awareness on the part of fourth year EFL majors at the Faculty of Education, Helwan University. The majority of…

  7. Planning for Bike Share Connectivity to Rail Transit

    PubMed Central

    Griffin, Greg Phillip; Sener, Ipek Nese

    2016-01-01

    Bike sharing can play a role in providing access to transit stations and then to final destinations, but early implementation of these systems in North America has been opportunistic rather than strategic. This study evaluates local intermodal plan goals using trip data and associated infrastructure such as transit stops and bike share station locations in Austin, Texas, and Chicago, Illinois. Bike sharing use data from both cities suggest a weak relationship with existing rail stations that could be strengthened through collaborative, intermodal planning. The study suggests a planning framework and example language that could be tailored to help address the linkage between bike sharing and transit. Rather than an exhaustive study of the practice, this study provides evidence from these two cities that identify opportunities to improve intermodal planning. Cities that are planning or expanding a bike sharing system should consider carefully how to leverage this mode with existing modes of transport. Regardless of a city’s status in implementing a bike sharing system, planners can leverage information on existing transport systems for planning at regional and local levels. PMID:27872554

  8. Urban development under extreme hydrologic and weather conditions for El Paso-Juarez: Recommendations resulting from hydrologic modeling, GIS, and remote sensing analyses

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barud-Zubillaga, Alberto

    During the 2006 El Paso-Juarez flood there were many concerns regarding the capability of the existing stormwater system to handle 50- and 100-year flood events in El Paso, Texas and Juarez, Mexico area. Moreover in 2008, a considerable wet year from the normal 223 mm of annual precipitation for El Paso demonstrated that the area could very well received large amounts of precipitation at localized areas in short periods of time, representing a great flood threat to residents living in areas prone to flood. Some climate change projections for the area are exactly what had occurred over the last two decades; an increased number of torrential rainstorms over smaller concentrated pieces of land separated by longer years of drought between rainstorms. This study consisted in three projects focused on three critical regions within the El Paso-Juarez area that were greatly affected by the 2006 Flood. The goal was to identify if natural arroyos or the existent built stormwater system, could properly managed the projected precipitation patterns. The three projects described in this dissertation touch on the following points: (a) the importance of a reliable precipitation model that could accurately describes precipitation patterns in the region under extreme drought and wet climates conditions; (b) differences in land use/land cover characteristics as factors promoting or disrupting the possibility for flooding, and (c) limitations and capabilities of existent stormwater systems and natural arroyos as means to control flooding. Conclusions and recommendations are shown below, which apply not only to each particular project, but also to all study areas and similar areas in the El Paso-Juarez region. Urbanization can improve or worsen a pre-existing natural stormwater system if built under its required capacity. Such capacity should be calculated considering extreme weather conditions, based on a denser network of precipitation stations to capture the various microclimates found in the region and taking into account climate change predictions. Development of new areas needs to consider not only the watershed of study but its relation to other watersheds around them. Basin parameters seemed to be of low impact while comparing them with precipitation rates. High resolution DEMs, such as those derived from LiDAR can dramatically improve the accuracy and reliability of a hydrological model. Hardware capabilities and limitations however should be considered. The overall recommendations derived from this dissertation are to direct new studies, policies and regulations at the three levels of government---local, state and federal---to: limit urban development to areas of no or low potential for flooding; implementing some type of ecological, green corridors, or conservation easements to preserve these areas; build semi-natural or hybrid stormwater infrastructure to slowdown, collect, and ultimately, transport runoff to the Rio Grande or any other waterway; consider extreme wet and dry scenarios for designation of flood-prone areas and future construction of stormwater infrastructure; and design stormwater infrastructure to retrofit the existing natural and irrigation drains.

  9. MHD Stability of Axisymmetric Plasmas In Closed Line Magnetic Fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Simakov, Andrei N.; Catto, Peter J.; Ramos, Jesus J.; Hastie, R. J.

    2003-04-01

    The stability of axisymmetric plasmas confined by closed poloidal magnetic field lines is considered. The results are relevant to plasmas in the dipolar fields of stars and planets, as well as the Levitated Dipole Experiment, multipoles, Z pinches and field reversed configurations. The ideal MHD energy principle is employed to study stability of pressure driven Alfvén modes. A point dipole is considered in detail to demonstrate that equilibria exist, which are MHD stable for arbitrary beta. Effects of sound waves and plasma resistivity are investigated next for point dipole equilibria by means of resistive MHD theory.

  10. Competition between trees and grasses for both soil water and mineral nitrogen in dry savannas.

    PubMed

    Donzelli, D; De Michele, C; Scholes, R J

    2013-09-07

    The co-existence of trees and grasses in savannas in general can be the result of processes involving competition for resources (e.g. water and nutrients) or differential response to disturbances such as fire, animals and human activities; or a combination of both broad mechanisms. In moist savannas, the tree-grass coexistence is mainly attributed to of disturbances, while in dry savannas, limiting resources are considered the principal mechanism of co-existence. Virtually all theoretical explorations of tree-grass dynamics in dry savannas consider only competition for soil water. Here we investigate whether coexistence could result from a balanced competition for two resources, namely soil water and mineral nitrogen. We introduce a simple dynamical resource-competition model for trees and grasses. We consider two alternative hypotheses: (1) trees are the superior competitors for nitrogen while grasses are superior competitors for water, and (2) vice-versa. We study the model properties under the two hypotheses and test each hypothesis against data from 132 dry savannas in Africa using Kendall's test of independence. We find that Hypothesis 1 gets much more support than Hypothesis 2, and more support than the null hypothesis that neither is operative. We further consider gradients of rainfall and nitrogen availability and find that the Hypothesis 1 model reproduces the observed patterns in nature. We do not consider our results to definitively show that tree-grass coexistence in dry savannas is due to balanced competition for water and nitrogen, but show that this mechanism is a possibility, which cannot be a priori excluded and should thus be considered along with the more traditional explanations. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Socially Strategic Ecological Restoration: A Game-Theoretic Analysis Shortened: Socially Strategic Restoration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buckley, Mark; Haddad, Brent M.

    2006-07-01

    Major transitions in a multiple-use or mosaic landscape often lead to frictions among new and existing users. In this article, we consider the problem of ecological restoration within a mosaic landscape in which restoration activities elicit feedbacks from individuals and groups that are harmed by restoration outcomes. Using game theory, we identify three potential outcomes ranked by the extent of restoration of ecosystem services and processes: nonstrategic, noncooperative strategic equilibrium, and cooperative bargaining solution. We identify conditions under which additional restoration can decrease the overall flow of ecosystem services and processes. A “strategic restorationist” will cease new restoration activities when the net effect of defensive response moves by farmers offsets gains. Imperfect information regarding expected payoffs to farmers can lead to inefficient overshooting or undershooting the optimal scale, geographical positioning, and form of restoration. Gains to all parties from cooperation might exist. As a case study and to aid model design, we consider restoration activities on California’s upper Sacramento River.

  12. New Internet search volume-based weighting method for integrating various environmental impacts

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ji, Changyoon, E-mail: changyoon@yonsei.ac.kr; Hong, Taehoon, E-mail: hong7@yonsei.ac.kr

    Weighting is one of the steps in life cycle impact assessment that integrates various characterized environmental impacts as a single index. Weighting factors should be based on the society's preferences. However, most previous studies consider only the opinion of some people. Thus, this research proposes a new weighting method that determines the weighting factors of environmental impact categories by considering public opinion on environmental impacts using the Internet search volumes for relevant terms. To validate the new weighting method, the weighting factors for six environmental impacts calculated by the new weighting method were compared with the existing weighting factors. Themore » resulting Pearson's correlation coefficient between the new and existing weighting factors was from 0.8743 to 0.9889. It turned out that the new weighting method presents reasonable weighting factors. It also requires less time and lower cost compared to existing methods and likewise meets the main requirements of weighting methods such as simplicity, transparency, and reproducibility. The new weighting method is expected to be a good alternative for determining the weighting factor. - Highlight: • A new weighting method using Internet search volume is proposed in this research. • The new weighting method reflects the public opinion using Internet search volume. • The correlation coefficient between new and existing weighting factors is over 0.87. • The new weighting method can present the reasonable weighting factors. • The proposed method can be a good alternative for determining the weighting factors.« less

  13. Current knowledge on Mycobacterium leprae transmission: a systematic literature review.

    PubMed

    Bratschi, Martin W; Steinmann, Peter; Wickenden, Anna; Gillis, Thomas P

    2015-06-01

    Summary The transmission pathways of Mycobacterium leprae are not fully understood. Solid evidence exists for an increased risk for individuals living in close contact with leprosy patients but the existence of zoonotic leprosy, environmental reservoirs and trauma-related transmission has also been established. To assess the current state of knowledge on M. leprae transmission, we conducted a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature pertaining to this topic. Major electronic bibliographic databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles published up to January 2014. No restrictions on study types, participants and location were applied, and all outcomes demonstrated to contribute to the transmission of M. leprae were considered. Included studies were grouped by mode of transmission, namely (i) human-to-human via aerosols or direct contact; (ii) direct inoculation (e.g. injury); and (iii) transmission to humans from environmental or zoonotic reservoirs, and by insects. The importance of the different transmission pathways and the strength of the evidence were assessed considering the number of publications describing similar findings, the consistency of the findings and the methodological quality of the studies. A total of 79 relevant articles were retained out of 3,805 hits resulting from the application of the search strategy. Solid evidence for transmission among contacts exists, and for zoonotic leprosy in the southern States of the USA. Based on the extant evidence, skin-to-skin contact, aerosols/droplets and shedding of bacteria into the environment and subsequent infection, e.g. through dust or small wounds, all remain possible options. No study has unequivocally demonstrated the mechanisms by which M. leprae bacteria travel from one case of leprosy to another.

  14. Existence of equilibria in articulated bearings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buscaglia, G.; Ciuperca, I.; Hafidi, I.; Jai, M.

    2007-04-01

    The existence of equilibrium solutions for a lubricated system consisting of an articulated body sliding over a flat plate is considered. Though this configuration is very common (it corresponds to the popular tilting-pad thrust bearings), the existence problem has only been addressed in extremely simplified cases, such as planar sliders of infinite width. Our results show the existence of at least one equilibrium for a quite general class of (nonplanar) slider shapes. We also extend previous results concerning planar sliders.

  15. Traveling-wave tube reliability estimates, life tests, and space flight experience

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lalli, V. R.; Speck, C. E.

    1977-01-01

    Infant mortality, useful life, and wearout phase of twt life are considered. The performance of existing developmental tubes, flight experience, and sequential hardware testing are evaluated. The reliability history of twt's in space applications is documented by considering: (1) the generic parts of the tube in light of the manner in which their design and operation affect the ultimate reliability of the device, (2) the flight experience of medium power tubes, and (3) the available life test data for existing space-qualified twt's in addition to those of high power devices.

  16. Global existence of weak solutions to dissipative transport equations with nonlocal velocity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bae, Hantaek; Granero-Belinchón, Rafael; Lazar, Omar

    2018-04-01

    We consider 1D dissipative transport equations with nonlocal velocity field: where is a nonlocal operator given by a Fourier multiplier. We especially consider two types of nonlocal operators: (1) , the Hilbert transform, (2) . In this paper, we show several global existence of weak solutions depending on the range of γ, δ and α. When , we take initial data having finite energy, while we take initial data in weighted function spaces (in the real variables or in the Fourier variables), which have infinite energy, when .

  17. Multiple positive normalized solutions for nonlinear Schrödinger systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gou, Tianxiang; Jeanjean, Louis

    2018-05-01

    We consider the existence of multiple positive solutions to the nonlinear Schrödinger systems set on , under the constraint Here are prescribed, , and the frequencies are unknown and will appear as Lagrange multipliers. Two cases are studied, the first when , the second when In both cases, assuming that is sufficiently small, we prove the existence of two positive solutions. The first one is a local minimizer for which we establish the compactness of the minimizing sequences and also discuss the orbital stability of the associated standing waves. The second solution is obtained through a constrained mountain pass and a constrained linking respectively.

  18. Three-Dimensional Flow of Nanofluid Induced by an Exponentially Stretching Sheet: An Application to Solar Energy

    PubMed Central

    Khan, Junaid Ahmad; Mustafa, M.; Hayat, T.; Sheikholeslami, M.; Alsaedi, A.

    2015-01-01

    This work deals with the three-dimensional flow of nanofluid over a bi-directional exponentially stretching sheet. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoretic diffusion of nanoparticles are considered in the mathematical model. The temperature and nanoparticle volume fraction at the sheet are also distributed exponentially. Local similarity solutions are obtained by an implicit finite difference scheme known as Keller-box method. The results are compared with the existing studies in some limiting cases and found in good agreement. The results reveal the existence of interesting Sparrow-Gregg-type hills for temperature distribution corresponding to some range of parametric values. PMID:25785857

  19. Remarks on Hierarchic Control for a Linearized Micropolar Fluids System in Moving Domains

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jesus, Isaías Pereira de, E-mail: isaias@ufpi.edu.br

    We study a Stackelberg strategy subject to the evolutionary linearized micropolar fluids equations in domains with moving boundaries, considering a Nash multi-objective equilibrium (non necessarily cooperative) for the “follower players” (as is called in the economy field) and an optimal problem for the leader player with approximate controllability objective. We will obtain the following main results: the existence and uniqueness of Nash equilibrium and its characterization, the approximate controllability of the linearized micropolar system with respect to the leader control and the existence and uniqueness of the Stackelberg–Nash problem, where the optimality system for the leader is given.

  20. Stability and Optimal Harvesting of Modified Leslie-Gower Predator-Prey Model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Toaha, S.; Azis, M. I.

    2018-03-01

    This paper studies a modified of dynamics of Leslie-Gower predator-prey population model. The model is stated as a system of first order differential equations. The model consists of one predator and one prey. The Holling type II as a predation function is considered in this model. The predator and prey populations are assumed to be beneficial and then the two populations are harvested with constant efforts. Existence and stability of the interior equilibrium point are analysed. Linearization method is used to get the linearized model and the eigenvalue is used to justify the stability of the interior equilibrium point. From the analyses, we show that under a certain condition the interior equilibrium point exists and is locally asymptotically stable. For the model with constant efforts of harvesting, cost function, revenue function, and profit function are considered. The stable interior equilibrium point is then related to the maximum profit problem as well as net present value of revenues problem. We show that there exists a certain value of the efforts that maximizes the profit function and net present value of revenues while the interior equilibrium point remains stable. This means that the populations can live in coexistence for a long time and also maximize the benefit even though the populations are harvested with constant efforts.

  1. On twelve types of covering-based rough sets.

    PubMed

    Safari, Samira; Hooshmandasl, Mohammad Reza

    2016-01-01

    Covering approximation spaces are a generalization of equivalence-based rough set theories. In this paper, we will consider twelve types of covering based approximation operators by combining four types of covering lower approximation operators and three types of covering upper approximation operators. Then, we will study the properties of these new pairs and show they have most of the common properties among existing covering approximation pairs. Finally, the relation between these new pairs is studied.

  2. Development of Predictive Relationships for Flood Hazard Assessments in Ungaged Basins

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-02-01

    Hydrological Analysis (GSSHA) model (Downer and Ogden 2004) was deployed in megascale for ungaged basins of the Philippine Islands . The GSSHA...et al. [1988]). STUDY AREA: Two megascale catchments in the Philippine Islands were considered in this study. No stream gage data exists for either...imagery. The Cagayan River Basin on Luzon Island (Figure 1[a]) is the largest river in the Philippines with a drainage area of 27,280 km2

  3. Use of existing systematic reviews for evidence assessments in infectious disease prevention: a comparative case study.

    PubMed

    Harder, Thomas; Remschmidt, Cornelius; Haller, Sebastian; Eckmanns, Tim; Wichmann, Ole

    2016-10-11

    Given limited resources and time constraints, the use of existing systematic reviews (SR) for the development of evidence-based public health recommendations has become increasingly important. Recently, a five-step approach for identifying, analyzing, appraising and using existing SRs based on recent guidance by the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) was proposed within the Project on a Framework for Rating Evidence in Public Health (PRECEPT). However, case studies are needed to test whether this approach is useful, what challenges arise and how problems can be solved. In two case studies, the five-step approach was applied to integrate existing SRs in the development of evidence-based public health recommendations. Case study A focused on the role of neonatal sepsis as a risk factor for adverse neurodevelopmental outcome. Case study B examined the efficacy, effectiveness and safety of influenza vaccination during pregnancy. For each step, we report the approach of the review team, discuss challenges and describe solutions. For case study A, one existing SR was identified, while in case study B four SRs were eligible for analysis. We found that comparison of inclusion criteria alone was sufficient to judge on relevance of SRs in case study A, but not B. Although methodological quality of all identified SRs was acceptable, risk of bias assessments of individual studies included in the SRs had to be repeated in both case studies. Particular challenges appeared in case study B where multiple SRs addressed the same research question. With the help of spreadsheets comparing the characteristics of the existing SR we decided to use the most comprehensive one for our evidence synthesis and supplemented the results with those from the other SRs. In both case studies using the complete SR was not possible. The five-step approach provided useful and structured guidance and should be routinely applied when using existing SRs as a basis for evidence-based recommendations in public health. In situations where more than one SR has to be considered, the development of spreadsheets comparing characteristics, inclusion criteria, risk of bias, included studies and outcomes seems useful.

  4. Data requirements for valuing externalities: The role of existing permitting processes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, A.D.; Baechler, M.C.; Callaway, J.M.

    1990-08-01

    While the assessment of externalities, or residual impacts, will place new demands on regulators, utilities, and developers, existing processes already require certain data and information that may fulfill some of the data needs for externality valuation. This paper examines existing siting, permitting, and other processes and highlights similarities and differences between their data requirements and the data required to value environmental externalities. It specifically considers existing requirements for siting new electricity resources in Oregon and compares them with the information and data needed to value externalities for such resources. This paper also presents several observations about how states can takemore » advantage of data acquired through processes already in place as they move into an era when externalities are considered in utility decision-making. It presents other observations on the similarities and differences between the data requirements under existing processes and those for valuing externalities. This paper also briefly discusses the special case of cumulative impacts. And it presents recommendations on what steps to take in future efforts to value externalities. 35 refs., 2 tabs.« less

  5. Importance-Performance Matrix Analysis (IPMA) Of Transport Disadvantage Variables on Social Exclusion in a Rural Context

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Larasati, Ophilia; Puspita Dirgahayani, Eng., Dr.

    2018-05-01

    Transport services are essential to support daily life. A lack of transport supply leads to the existence of transport disadvantaged (TDA) groups who are vulnerable to social exclusion, which happens when a particular group or individual is having difficulties to access certain activities that are considered normal in society. To tackle this phenomenon, the understanding of the influence of TDA variables on social exclusion is needed. The aim of this study is to analyze the influences of TDA variables on social exclusion in a rural context, with Cibeureum Village (Bandung Barat Regency) and Bunikasih Village (Subang Regency) as the study case. Both case studies provide different characteristics of accessibility. Partial Least Squares (PLS) Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is chosen as the method to analyze the influences of TDA variables on social exclusion. The PLS-SEM model is developed according to the social exclusion variable and four TDA variables, i.e., accessibility, individual characteristics, private vehicle existence, and travel behavior. IPMA is done after the PLS-SEM model is evaluated. The study reveals that among four of the TDA variables, accessibility has the most influence on social exclusion, hence interventions related to improving accessibility are needed to tackle social exclusion. More specifically, the provision of alternative modes is needed in both study areas, while in Bunikasih Village the cost of travel is also an important variable to consider.

  6. Analysis of 2-alkylcyclobutanones in cashew nut, nutmeg, apricot kernel, and pine nut samples: re-evaluating the uniqueness of 2-alkylcyclobutanones for irradiated food identification.

    PubMed

    Leung, Elvis M K; Tang, Phyllis N Y; Ye, Yuran; Chan, Wan

    2013-10-16

    2-Alkylcyclobutanones (2-ACBs) have long been considered as unique radiolytic products that can be used as indicators for irradiated food identification. A recent report on the natural existence of 2-ACB in non-irradiated nutmeg and cashew nut samples aroused worldwide concern because it contradicts the general belief that 2-ACBs are specific to irradiated food. The goal of this study is to test the natural existence of 2-ACBs in nut samples using our newly developed liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method with enhanced analytical sensitivity and selectivity ( Ye , Y. ; Liu , H. ; Horvatovich , P. ; Chan , W. Liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric analysis of 2-alkylcyclobutanones in irradiated chicken by precolumn derivatization with hydroxylamine . J. Agric. Food Chem. 2013 , 61 , 5758 - 5763 ). The validated method was applied to identify 2-dodecylcyclobutanone (2-DCB) and 2-tetradecylcyclobutanone (2-TCB) in nutmeg, cashew nut, pine nut, and apricot kernel samples (n = 22) of different origins. Our study reveals that 2-DCB and 2-TCB either do not exist naturally or exist at concentrations below the detection limit of the existing method. Thus, 2-DCB and 2-TCB are still valid to be used as biomarkers for identifying irradiated food.

  7. Studies on Agri-environmental Measures: A Survey of the Literature

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Uthes, Sandra; Matzdorf, Bettina

    2013-01-01

    Agri-environmental measures (AEM) are incentive-based instruments in the European Union (EU) that provide payments to farmers for voluntary environmental commitments related to preserving and enhancing the environment and maintaining the cultural landscape. We review the AEM literature and provide an overview of important research topics, major research results and future challenges as discussed in the available literature concerning these measures. This review contributes to the existing literature by attempting to equally consider ecological and economic perspectives. The reviewed articles are analyzed regarding their regional focus, topics and methods. The analytical section of the article seeks to discuss commonly asked questions about AEM on the basis of results from reviewed studies. The vast amount of available literature provides valuable insights into specific cases and reveals a complex picture with few general conclusions. The existing research is usually either biased toward ecological or economic perspectives and fails to provide a holistic picture of the problems and challenges within agri-environmental programming (e.g., multiple measures, multiple target areas, legal aspects, financial constraints, transaction costs). Most empirical studies provide detailed insights into selected individual measures but are incapable of providing results at a level relevant to decision-making, as they neglect the role of farmers and the available AEM budget. Predominantly economic approaches often only consider rough assumptions of ecological and economic processes and are also not suitable for decision-making. Decision-support tools that build on these disciplinary results and simultaneously consider scheme factors and environmental conditions at high spatial resolution for application by the responsible authorities are rare and require further research.

  8. Heavy metal toxicity to bacteria - are the existing growth media accurate enough to determine heavy metal toxicity?

    PubMed

    Rathnayake, I V N; Megharaj, Mallavarapu; Krishnamurti, G S R; Bolan, Nanthi S; Naidu, Ravi

    2013-01-01

    A new minimal medium was formulated considering the limitations of the existing media for testing heavy metal sensitivity to bacteria. Toxicity of cadmium and copper to three bacteria was investigated in the new medium and compared with three other media commonly used to study the effect of the toxic metals. Based on speciation data arrived at using ion-selective electrodes, the available free-metal concentration in solution was highest in the MES-buffered medium. This finding was strongly supported by the estimated EC(50) values for the metals tested based on the toxicity bioassays. The free-ionic cadmium and copper concentrations in the medium provide more accurate determination of metal concentrations that affects the bacteria, than with most of other existing media. This will avoid doubts on other media and misleading conclusions relevant to the toxicity of heavy metals to bacteria and provides a better option for the study of metal-bacteria interactions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Influence of Food on Paediatric Gastrointestinal Drug Absorption Following Oral Administration: A Review

    PubMed Central

    Batchelor, Hannah K.

    2015-01-01

    The objective of this paper was to review existing information regarding food effects on drug absorption within paediatric populations. Mechanisms that underpin food–drug interactions were examined to consider potential differences between adult and paediatric populations, to provide insights into how this may alter the pharmacokinetic profile in a child. Relevant literature was searched to retrieve information on food–drug interaction studies undertaken on: (i) paediatric oral drug formulations; and (ii) within paediatric populations. The applicability of existing methodology to predict food effects in adult populations was evaluated with respect to paediatric populations where clinical data was available. Several differences in physiology, anatomy and the composition of food consumed within a paediatric population are likely to lead to food–drug interactions that cannot be predicted based on adult studies. Existing methods to predict food effects cannot be directly extrapolated to allow predictions within paediatric populations. Development of systematic methods and guidelines is needed to address the general lack of information on examining food–drug interactions within paediatric populations. PMID:27417362

  10. Adapting a Cancer Literacy Measure for Use among Navajo Women

    PubMed Central

    Yost, Kathleen J.; Bauer, Mark C.; Buki, Lydia P.; Austin-Garrison, Martha; Garcia, Linda V.; Hughes, Christine A.; Patten, Christi A.

    2016-01-01

    Purpose The authors designed a community-based participatory research study to develop and test a family-based behavioral intervention to improve cancer literacy and promote mammography among Navajo women. Methods Using data from focus groups and discussions with a community advisory committee, they adapted an existing questionnaire to assess cancer knowledge, barriers to mammography, and cancer beliefs for use among Navajo women. Questions measuring health literacy, numeracy, self-efficacy, cancer communication, and family support were also adapted. Results The resulting questionnaire was found to have good content validity, and to be culturally and linguistically appropriate for use among Navajo women. Conclusions It is important to consider culture and not just language when adapting existing measures for use with AI/AN populations. English-language versions of existing literacy measures may not be culturally appropriate for AI/AN populations, which could lead to a lack of semantic, technical, idiomatic, and conceptual equivalence, resulting in misinterpretation of study outcomes. PMID:26879319

  11. Conduction Delay Learning Model for Unsupervised and Supervised Classification of Spatio-Temporal Spike Patterns

    PubMed Central

    Matsubara, Takashi

    2017-01-01

    Precise spike timing is considered to play a fundamental role in communications and signal processing in biological neural networks. Understanding the mechanism of spike timing adjustment would deepen our understanding of biological systems and enable advanced engineering applications such as efficient computational architectures. However, the biological mechanisms that adjust and maintain spike timing remain unclear. Existing algorithms adopt a supervised approach, which adjusts the axonal conduction delay and synaptic efficacy until the spike timings approximate the desired timings. This study proposes a spike timing-dependent learning model that adjusts the axonal conduction delay and synaptic efficacy in both unsupervised and supervised manners. The proposed learning algorithm approximates the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, and classifies the input data encoded into spatio-temporal spike patterns. Even in the supervised classification, the algorithm requires no external spikes indicating the desired spike timings unlike existing algorithms. Furthermore, because the algorithm is consistent with biological models and hypotheses found in existing biological studies, it could capture the mechanism underlying biological delay learning. PMID:29209191

  12. Conduction Delay Learning Model for Unsupervised and Supervised Classification of Spatio-Temporal Spike Patterns.

    PubMed

    Matsubara, Takashi

    2017-01-01

    Precise spike timing is considered to play a fundamental role in communications and signal processing in biological neural networks. Understanding the mechanism of spike timing adjustment would deepen our understanding of biological systems and enable advanced engineering applications such as efficient computational architectures. However, the biological mechanisms that adjust and maintain spike timing remain unclear. Existing algorithms adopt a supervised approach, which adjusts the axonal conduction delay and synaptic efficacy until the spike timings approximate the desired timings. This study proposes a spike timing-dependent learning model that adjusts the axonal conduction delay and synaptic efficacy in both unsupervised and supervised manners. The proposed learning algorithm approximates the Expectation-Maximization algorithm, and classifies the input data encoded into spatio-temporal spike patterns. Even in the supervised classification, the algorithm requires no external spikes indicating the desired spike timings unlike existing algorithms. Furthermore, because the algorithm is consistent with biological models and hypotheses found in existing biological studies, it could capture the mechanism underlying biological delay learning.

  13. Structural Validation of Nursing Terminologies

    PubMed Central

    Hardiker, Nicholas R.; Rector, Alan L.

    2001-01-01

    Objective: The purpose of the study is twofold: 1) to explore the applicability of combinatorial terminologies as the basis for building enumerated classifications, and 2) to investigate the usefulness of formal terminological systems for performing such classification and for assisting in the refinement of both combinatorial terminologies and enumerated classifications. Design: A formal model of the beta version of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP) was constructed in the compositional terminological language GRAIL (GALEN Representation and Integration Language). Terms drawn from the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association Taxonomy I (NANDA taxonomy) were mapped into the model and classified automatically using GALEN technology. Measurements: The resulting generated hierarchy was compared with the NANDA taxonomy to assess coverage and accuracy of classification. Results: In terms of coverage, in this study ICNP was able to capture 77 percent of NANDA terms using concepts drawn from five of its eight axes. Three axes—Body Site, Topology, and Frequency—were not needed. In terms of accuracy, where hierarchic relationships existed in the generated hierarchy or the NANDA taxonomy, or both, 6 were identical, 19 existed in the generated hierarchy alone (2 of these were considered suitable for incorporation into the NANDA taxonomy and 17 were considered inaccurate), and 23 appeared in the NANDA taxonomy alone (8 of these were considered suitable for incorporation into ICNP, 9 were considered inaccurate, and 6 reflected different, equally valid perspectives). Sixty terms appeared at the top level, with no indenting, in both the generated hierarchy and the NANDA taxonomy. Conclusions: With appropriate refinement, combinatorial terminologies such as ICNP have the potential to provide a useful foundation for representing enumerated classifications such as NANDA. Technologies such as GALEN make possible the process of building automatically enumerated classifications while providing a useful means of validating and refining both combinatorial terminologies and enumerated classifications. PMID:11320066

  14. Two-dimensional Manifold with Point-like Defects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gani, V. A.; Dmitriev, A. E.; Rubin, S. G.

    We study a class of two-dimensional compact extra spaces isomorphic to the sphere S 2 in the framework of multidimensional gravitation. We show that there exists a family of stationary metrics that depend on the initial (boundary) conditions. All these geometries have a singular point. We also discuss the possibility for these deformed extra spaces to be considered as dark matter candidates.

  15. A visual resource management study of alternative dams, reservoirs and highway and transmission line corridors near Copper Creek, Washington

    Treesearch

    John Ady; Brian A. Gray; Grant R. Jones

    1979-01-01

    Three alternative dams have been considered by Seattle City Light for the Skagit River Narrows in the North Cascades National Recreation Area, Washington. The authors assessed the area's existing visual resources, identified three alternative highway and transmission line realignments, evaluated changes in visual character and quality for 13 different combinations...

  16. Potential impacts of carbon taxes on carbon flux in western Oregon private forests

    Treesearch

    Eun Ho Im; Darius M. Adams; Gregory S. Latta

    2007-01-01

    This study considers a carbon tax system as a policy tool for encouraging carbon sequestration through modification of management in existing forests and examines its welfare impacts and costs of the carbon sequestered. The simulated carbon tax leads to reduced harvest and increased carbon stock in the standing trees and understory biomass. Changes in the level of...

  17. On the Factor Structure of the Beck Depression Inventory-II: G Is the Key

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brouwer, Danny; Meijer, Rob R.; Zevalkink, Jolien

    2013-01-01

    The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II; Beck, Steer, & Brown, 1996) is intended to measure severity of depression, and because items represent a broad range of depressive symptoms, some multidimensionality exists. In recent factor-analytic studies, there has been a debate about whether the BDI-II can be considered as one scale or whether…

  18. Implementation and Impact of Experiential Learning in a Graduate Level Teacher Education Program: An Example from a Canadian University

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hill, Cher M.; MacDonald, Margaret

    2016-01-01

    Teacher inquiry, in which teachers study their own professional practice, is currently a popular form of experiential learning that is considered a powerful tool to bring about effective change in teaching and learning. Little empirical evidence, however, exists to explain precisely if and how this pedagogical methodology moves teachers toward…

  19. "Coming Out" as Pregnant or Having a Baby While Attending School: Experiences and Challenges of Scottish Schoolgirl Mothers/Mothers-to-Be

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ferguson, Beverley

    2016-01-01

    Concerns exist about schoolgirls disengaging from education, becoming pregnant, dropping out of school and having lower-level or fewer qualifications. Few studies have considered the experiences and challenges that schoolgirls who become mothers face when continuing in education. This article discusses the experiences and challenges of Scottish…

  20. Learning Peace (and Conflict): The Role of Primary Learning Materials in Peacebuilding in Post-War Afghanistan, South Sudan and Sri Lanka

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vanner, Catherine; Akseer, Spogmai; Kovinthan, Thursica

    2017-01-01

    Post-war education is usually considered a positive contributor to peacebuilding; however, it can also reinforce divisive perspectives. Textbooks and learning materials can be instrumental in maintaining or exacerbating existing inequalities. This paper uses case study literature reviews of Afghanistan, South Sudan and Sri Lanka to explore the…

  1. Potential Relationships of Community College Faculty Credentials and Measures of Instructional Effectiveness: Student Survey of Instruction and Grades

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Willis, Marc

    2017-01-01

    The purpose of this research was to determine what, if any, relationship existed when considering instructor credentials in relation to student surveys of instruction (SSOI), instructor credentials in relation to grade distribution, and the relationship between SSOI and grade distribution. The case study college is a two-year rural institution in…

  2. Are Young Children's Utterances Affected by Characteristics of Their Learning Environments? A Multiple Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Richardson, Tanya; Murray, Jane

    2017-01-01

    Within English early childhood education, there is emphasis on improving speech and language development as well as a drive for outdoor learning. This paper synthesises both aspects to consider whether or not links exist between the environment and the quality of young children's utterances as part of their speech and language development and if…

  3. Ergonomics and Literacy: More in Common Than You Think.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Worden, Elizabeth

    Ergonomics, or human factors, is the study of the relationship between people as functioning physical beings and the world in which they exist and this includes the textual material that they read. The presentation of textual material can be considered from two points of view: (1) the qualities of the text as impacted by the author; and (2) the…

  4. Existence and numerical simulation of periodic traveling wave solutions to the Casimir equation for the Ito system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abbasbandy, S.; Van Gorder, R. A.; Hajiketabi, M.; Mesrizadeh, M.

    2015-10-01

    We consider traveling wave solutions to the Casimir equation for the Ito system (a two-field extension of the KdV equation). These traveling waves are governed by a nonlinear initial value problem with an interesting nonlinearity (which actually amplifies in magnitude as the size of the solution becomes small). The nonlinear problem is parameterized by two initial constant values, and we demonstrate that the existence of solutions is strongly tied to these parameter values. For our interests, we are concerned with positive, bounded, periodic wave solutions. We are able to classify parameter regimes which admit such solutions in full generality, thereby obtaining a nice existence result. Using the existence result, we are then able to numerically simulate the positive, bounded, periodic solutions. We elect to employ a group preserving scheme in order to numerically study these solutions, and an outline of this approach is provided. The numerical simulations serve to illustrate the properties of these solutions predicted analytically through the existence result. Physically, these results demonstrate the existence of a type of space-periodic structure in the Casimir equation for the Ito model, which propagates as a traveling wave.

  5. Using experimental data to reduce the single-building sigma of fragility curves: case study of the BRD tower in Bucharest, Romania

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perrault, Matthieu; Gueguen, Philippe; Aldea, Alexandru; Demetriu, Sorin

    2013-12-01

    The lack of knowledge concerning modelling existing buildings leads to signifiant variability in fragility curves for single or grouped existing buildings. This study aims to investigate the uncertainties of fragility curves, with special consideration of the single-building sigma. Experimental data and simplified models are applied to the BRD tower in Bucharest, Romania, a RC building with permanent instrumentation. A three-step methodology is applied: (1) adjustment of a linear MDOF model for experimental modal analysis using a Timoshenko beam model and based on Anderson's criteria, (2) computation of the structure's response to a large set of accelerograms simulated by SIMQKE software, considering twelve ground motion parameters as intensity measurements (IM), and (3) construction of the fragility curves by comparing numerical interstory drift with the threshold criteria provided by the Hazus methodology for the slight damage state. By introducing experimental data into the model, uncertainty is reduced to 0.02 considering S d ( f 1) as seismic intensity IM and uncertainty related to the model is assessed at 0.03. These values must be compared with the total uncertainty value of around 0.7 provided by the Hazus methodology.

  6. Quantile Regression for Recurrent Gap Time Data

    PubMed Central

    Luo, Xianghua; Huang, Chiung-Yu; Wang, Lan

    2014-01-01

    Summary Evaluating covariate effects on gap times between successive recurrent events is of interest in many medical and public health studies. While most existing methods for recurrent gap time analysis focus on modeling the hazard function of gap times, a direct interpretation of the covariate effects on the gap times is not available through these methods. In this article, we consider quantile regression that can provide direct assessment of covariate effects on the quantiles of the gap time distribution. Following the spirit of the weighted risk-set method by Luo and Huang (2011, Statistics in Medicine 30, 301–311), we extend the martingale-based estimating equation method considered by Peng and Huang (2008, Journal of the American Statistical Association 103, 637–649) for univariate survival data to analyze recurrent gap time data. The proposed estimation procedure can be easily implemented in existing software for univariate censored quantile regression. Uniform consistency and weak convergence of the proposed estimators are established. Monte Carlo studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. An application to data from the Danish Psychiatric Central Register is presented to illustrate the methods developed in this article. PMID:23489055

  7. Cannabis use and risk of psychosis: an etiological link?

    PubMed

    Verdoux, Helene; Tournier, Marie

    2004-01-01

    The nature of the link between cannabis use and psychosis remains to be clarified. The paper reviews the evidence suggesting that cannabis may be a risk factor for psychosis onset. Cross-sectional and retrospective epidemiological studies show that individuals with psychosis use cannabis more often than other individuals in the general population. It has long been considered that this association is explained by the self-medication hypothesis, postulating that cannabis is used to self-medicate psychotic symptoms. This hypothesis has been recently challenged by several prospective studies carried out in population-based samples, showing that cannabis exposure is associated with an increased risk of psychosis, possibly by interacting with a pre-existing vulnerability for these disorders. A dose-response relationship was found between cannabis exposure and risk of psychosis, and this association was independent from potential confounding factors such as exposure to other drugs and pre-existence of psychotic symptoms. However, the diagnostic specificity is weak, as cannabis exposure may be a risk factor for the occurrence of a large spectrum of psychiatric disorders, ranging from schizophrenia to mood and anxiety disorders. Considering the growing number of adolescents exposed to cannabis, the impact of this substance on the population mental health should be further explored.

  8. An integrated production-inventory model for food products adopting a general raw material procurement policy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fauza, G.; Prasetyo, H.; Amanto, B. S.

    2018-05-01

    Studies on an integrated production-inventory model for deteriorating items have been done extensively. Most of the studies define deterioration as physical depletion of some inventories over time. This definition may not represent the deterioration characteristics of food products. The quality of food production decreases over time while the quantity remains the same. Further, in the existing models, the raw material is replenished several times (or at least once) within one production cycle. In food industries, however, a food company, for several reasons (e.g., the seasonal raw materials, discounted price, etc.) sometimes will get more benefit if it orders raw materials in a large quantity. Considering this fact, this research, therefore, is aimed at developing a more representative inventory model by (i) considering the quality losses in food and (ii) adopting a general raw material procurement policy. A mathematical model is established to represent the proposed policy in which the total profit of the system is the objective function. To evaluate the performance of the model, a numerical test was conducted. The numerical test indicates that the developed model has better performance, i.e., the total profit is 2.3% higher compared to the existing model.

  9. Tautomerism and thermal decomposition of tetrazole: high-level ab initio study.

    PubMed

    Kiselev, Vitaly G; Cheblakov, Pavel B; Gritsan, Nina P

    2011-03-10

    The mutual interconversion and decomposition reactions of four tetrazole isomers (1H-TZ, 2H-TZ, 5H-TZ, and an N-heterocyclic carbene 14H) have been studied theoretically using the W1 high-level procedure. Computations allowed resolution of the existing discrepancies in the mechanism and key intermediates of TZ thermolysis. The tautomeric equilibria between 1H-TZ, 2H-TZ, and 14H turned out to play a very important role in the mechanism of thermal decomposition. Although the barriers of monomolecular tautomeric transformations were found to be high (∼50-70 kcal/mol), the concerted double H atom transfer reactions in the H-bonded complexes of TZ tautomers have profoundly lower barriers (∼18-28 kcal/mol). These reactions lead to fast interconversion between 1H-TZ, 2H-TZ, and 14H. The carbene 14H has never been considered before; however, it was predicted to be a key intermediate in the mechanism of thermal decomposition of TZ. For all species considered, the unimolecular reactions of N(2) elimination were predicted to dominate over the elimination of hydrazoic acid. In agreement with existing experimental data, the effective activation energy of thermolysis was calculated to be 36.2 kcal/mol.

  10. Existence of solution for a general fractional advection-dispersion equation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Torres Ledesma, César E.

    2018-05-01

    In this work, we consider the existence of solution to the following fractional advection-dispersion equation -d/dt ( p {_{-∞}}It^{β }(u'(t)) + q {t}I_{∞}^{β }(u'(t))) + b(t)u = f(t, u(t)),t\\in R where β \\in (0,1) , _{-∞}It^{β } and tI_{∞}^{β } denote left and right Liouville-Weyl fractional integrals of order β respectively, 0

  11. [Cannabis use and risk of psychosis, an etiological link?].

    PubMed

    Verdoux, Hélène; Tournier, Marie

    2004-04-24

    CANNABIS TO TREAT PSYCHOSIS: The nature of the link between cannabis use and psychosis remains to be clarified. Cross-sectional epidemiological studies have shown that individuals with psychosis use cannabis more often than other individuals in the general population. It has long been considered that this association was explained by the self-medication hypothesis, postulating that cannabis is used to self-medicate psychotic symptoms. This hypothesis has been recently challenged. PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS ENHANCED BY CANNABIS: Several prospective studies carried out in population-based samples, showed that cannabis exposure was associated with an increased risk of psychosis. A dose-response relationship was found between cannabis exposure and risk of psychosis, and this association was independent from potential confounding factors such as exposure to other drugs and pre-existence of psychotic symptoms. The brain mechanisms underlying the association have to be elucidated; they may implicate deregulation of cannabinoid and dopaminergic systems. A RISK FACTOR NOT TO BE NEGLECTED: Cannabis exposure may be a risk factor for psychotic disorders by interacting with a pre-existing vulnerability for these disorders. If further studies confirm that cannabis is a risk factor for psychosis, its impact on the population's mental health may not be negligible considering the growing number of adolescents exposed to this substance.

  12. Development of vendor evaluation criteria and post-implementation considerations for MSFC center-wide executive information system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Moynihan, Gary P.

    1992-01-01

    In June 1991, the MITRE Corporation submitted a series of recommendations as part of a Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) Management Information System Requirements Study, initiated by the Information Systems Office (ISO). A major recommendation of the study was to develop an Executive Information System (EIS) for MSFC executives. ISO was directed, by center management, to proceed with the development of a Center-Wide Executive Information System. Existing EIS prototypes, developed by the Space Shuttle Projects Office and the Payload Projects Office, were reviewed. These existing MSFC prototypes were considered not to encompass the required functionality needed on a center-wide basis. A follow-up study by MITRE provided top-level system requirements. These were later incorporated into a final requirements specification document by Boeing Computer Support Services.

  13. Shuttle sortie electro-optical instruments study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    A study to determine the feasibility of adapting existing electro-optical instruments (designed and sucessfully used for ground operations) for use on a shuttle sortie flight and to perform satisfactorily in the space environment is considered. The suitability of these two instruments (a custom made image intensifier camera system and an off-the-shelf secondary electron conduction television camera) to support a barium ion cloud experiment was studied for two different modes of spacelab operation - within the pressurized module and on the pallet.

  14. Demonstration project: Putting the bioastronautics data book on line

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Travis, I. L.

    1985-01-01

    The possibilities for prototyping electronic document designs using existing microcomputer software are considered. An initial prototype of a hierarchically structured design that includes both text and graphics from a section of the Bioastronautics Data Book are considered.

  15. A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR ECOSYSTEM - HUMAN HEALTH INTERCONNECTIONS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Much environmental policy fails to consider the relationships that exist among component parts of the natural and social world. The linkages that exist between natural and social systems are intricate and varied and call for new and creative approaches to environmental policy and...

  16. Declaring the Existence of Human Germ-Cell Mutagens

    EPA Science Inventory

    After more than 80 years of searching for human germ-cell mutagens, I think that sufficient evidence already exists for a number of agents to be so considered, and definitive confirmation seems imminent due to the application ofrecently developed genomic techniques. In preparatio...

  17. Second Chances

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Boyd, Karen Anne

    2007-01-01

    Accommodating change in existing buildings on a college campus or in a school district is challenging, but manageable. The key to successful adaptive reuse is thoughtful and thorough decision-making. Why consider recycling existing buildings? There are many reasons, including limited institutional resources, the increasing cost of new…

  18. On the existence of topological dyons and dyonic black holes in anti-de Sitter Einstein-Yang-Mills theories with compact semisimple gauge groups

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baxter, J. Erik

    2018-05-01

    Here we study the global existence of "hairy" dyonic black hole and dyon solutions to four-dimensional, anti-de Sitter Einstein-Yang-Mills theories for a general simply connected and semisimple gauge group G, for the so-called topologically symmetric systems, concentrating here on the regular case. We generalise here cases in the literature which considered purely magnetic spherically symmetric solutions for a general gauge group and topological dyonic solutions for s u (N ) . We are able to establish the global existence of non-trivial solutions to all such systems, both near existing embedded solutions and as |Λ| → ∞. In particular, we can identify non-trivial solutions where the gauge field functions have no zeroes, which in the s u (N ) case proved important to stability. We believe that these are the most general analytically proven solutions in 4D anti-de Sitter Einstein-Yang-Mills systems to date.

  19. Fitting Formulae and Constraints for the Existence of S-type and P-type Habitable Zones in Binary Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Zhaopeng; Cuntz, Manfred

    2017-10-01

    We derive fitting formulae for the quick determination of the existence of S-type and P-type habitable zones (HZs) in binary systems. Based on previous work, we consider the limits of the climatological HZ in binary systems (which sensitively depend on the system parameters) based on a joint constraint encompassing planetary orbital stability and a habitable region for a possible system planet. Additionally, we employ updated results on planetary climate models obtained by Kopparapu and collaborators. Our results are applied to four P-type systems (Kepler-34, Kepler-35, Kepler-413, and Kepler-1647) and two S-type systems (TrES-2 and KOI-1257). Our method allows us to gauge the existence of climatological HZs for these systems in a straightforward manner with detailed consideration of the observational uncertainties. Further applications may include studies of other existing systems as well as systems to be identified through future observational campaigns.

  20. Fitting Formulae and Constraints for the Existence of S-type and P-type Habitable Zones in Binary Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang Zhaopeng; Cuntz, Manfred, E-mail: zhaopeng.wang@mavs.uta.edu, E-mail: cuntz@uta.edu

    We derive fitting formulae for the quick determination of the existence of S-type and P-type habitable zones (HZs) in binary systems. Based on previous work, we consider the limits of the climatological HZ in binary systems (which sensitively depend on the system parameters) based on a joint constraint encompassing planetary orbital stability and a habitable region for a possible system planet. Additionally, we employ updated results on planetary climate models obtained by Kopparapu and collaborators. Our results are applied to four P-type systems (Kepler-34, Kepler-35, Kepler-413, and Kepler-1647) and two S-type systems (TrES-2 and KOI-1257). Our method allows us tomore » gauge the existence of climatological HZs for these systems in a straightforward manner with detailed consideration of the observational uncertainties. Further applications may include studies of other existing systems as well as systems to be identified through future observational campaigns.« less

  1. The Implicit Function Theorem and Non-Existence of Limit of Functions of Several Variables

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    dos Santos, A. L. C.; da Silva, P. N.

    2008-01-01

    We use the Implicit Function Theorem to establish a result of non-existence of limit to a certain class of functions of several variables. We consider functions given by quotients such that both the numerator and denominator functions are null at the limit point. We show that the non-existence of the limit of such function is related with the…

  2. Influence of distributed delays on the dynamics of a generalized immune system cancerous cells interactions model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Piotrowska, M. J.; Bodnar, M.

    2018-01-01

    We present a generalisation of the mathematical models describing the interactions between the immune system and tumour cells which takes into account distributed time delays. For the analytical study we do not assume any particular form of the stimulus function describing the immune system reaction to presence of tumour cells but we only postulate its general properties. We analyse basic mathematical properties of the considered model such as existence and uniqueness of the solutions. Next, we discuss the existence of the stationary solutions and analytically investigate their stability depending on the forms of considered probability densities that is: Erlang, triangular and uniform probability densities separated or not from zero. Particular instability results are obtained for a general type of probability densities. Our results are compared with those for the model with discrete delays know from the literature. In addition, for each considered type of probability density, the model is fitted to the experimental data for the mice B-cell lymphoma showing mean square errors at the same comparable level. For estimated sets of parameters we discuss possibility of stabilisation of the tumour dormant steady state. Instability of this steady state results in uncontrolled tumour growth. In order to perform numerical simulation, following the idea of linear chain trick, we derive numerical procedures that allow us to solve systems with considered probability densities using standard algorithm for ordinary differential equations or differential equations with discrete delays.

  3. A testing-coverage software reliability model considering fault removal efficiency and error generation.

    PubMed

    Li, Qiuying; Pham, Hoang

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we propose a software reliability model that considers not only error generation but also fault removal efficiency combined with testing coverage information based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). During the past four decades, many software reliability growth models (SRGMs) based on NHPP have been proposed to estimate the software reliability measures, most of which have the same following agreements: 1) it is a common phenomenon that during the testing phase, the fault detection rate always changes; 2) as a result of imperfect debugging, fault removal has been related to a fault re-introduction rate. But there are few SRGMs in the literature that differentiate between fault detection and fault removal, i.e. they seldom consider the imperfect fault removal efficiency. But in practical software developing process, fault removal efficiency cannot always be perfect, i.e. the failures detected might not be removed completely and the original faults might still exist and new faults might be introduced meanwhile, which is referred to as imperfect debugging phenomenon. In this study, a model aiming to incorporate fault introduction rate, fault removal efficiency and testing coverage into software reliability evaluation is developed, using testing coverage to express the fault detection rate and using fault removal efficiency to consider the fault repair. We compare the performance of the proposed model with several existing NHPP SRGMs using three sets of real failure data based on five criteria. The results exhibit that the model can give a better fitting and predictive performance.

  4. Identification of clinical phenotypes in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review of the literature.

    PubMed

    Dell'Isola, A; Allan, R; Smith, S L; Marreiros, S S P; Steultjens, M

    2016-10-12

    Knee Osteoarthritis (KOA) is a heterogeneous pathology characterized by a complex and multifactorial nature. It has been hypothesised that these differences are due to the existence of underlying phenotypes representing different mechanisms of the disease. The aim of this study is to identify the current evidence for the existence of groups of variables which point towards the existence of distinct clinical phenotypes in the KOA population. A systematic literature search in PubMed was conducted. Only original articles were selected if they aimed to identify phenotypes of patients aged 18 years or older with KOA. The methodological quality of the studies was independently assessed by two reviewers and qualitative synthesis of the evidence was performed. Strong evidence for existence of specific phenotypes was considered present if the phenotype was supported by at least two high-quality studies. A total of 24 studies were included. Through qualitative synthesis of evidence, six main sets of variables proposing the existence of six phenotypes were identified: 1) chronic pain in which central mechanisms (e.g. central sensitisation) are prominent; 2) inflammatory (high levels of inflammatory biomarkers); 3) metabolic syndrome (high prevalence of obesity, diabetes and other metabolic disturbances); 4) Bone and cartilage metabolism (alteration in local tissue metabolism); 5) mechanical overload characterised primarily by varus malalignment and medial compartment disease; and 6) minimal joint disease characterised as minor clinical symptoms with slow progression over time. This study identified six distinct groups of variables which should be explored in attempts to better define clinical phenotypes in the KOA population.

  5. Numerical simulation for flow and heat transfer to Carreau fluid with magnetic field effect: Dual nature study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hashim; Khan, Masood; Alshomrani, Ali Saleh

    2017-12-01

    This article considers a realistic approach to examine the magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of Carreau fluid induced by the shrinking sheet subject to the stagnation-point. This study also explores the impacts of non-linear thermal radiation on the heat transfer process. The governing equations of physical model are expressed as a system of partial differential equations and are transformed into non-linear ordinary differential equations by introducing local similarity variables. The economized equations of the problem are numerically integrated using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg integration scheme. In this study, we explore the condition of existence, non-existence, uniqueness and dual nature for obtaining numerical solutions. It is found that the solutions may possess multiple natures, upper and lower branch, for a specific range of shrinking parameter. Results indicate that due to an increment in the magnetic parameter, range of shrinking parameter where a dual solution exists, increases. Further, strong magnetic field enhances the thickness of the momentum boundary layer in case of the second solution while for first solution it reduces. We further note that the fluid suction diminishes the fluid velocity and therefore the thickness of the hydrodynamic boundary layer decreases as well. A critical analysis with existing works is performed which shows that outcome are benchmarks with these works.

  6. Publication bias in the pulmonary/allergy literature: effect of pharmaceutical company sponsorship.

    PubMed

    Liss, Howard

    2006-07-01

    A publication bias exists towards positive results in studies funded by pharmaceutical companies. To determine whether drug studies in the pulmonary/allergy literature also demonstrate a publication bias towards more favorable results when a pharmaceutical company funds the study. We reviewed all original articles published in seven pulmonary and allergy journals between October 2002 and September 2003. Included in the review were studies of inhaled corticosteroids (oral or nasal), long- or short-acting bronchodilators, or leukotriene receptor antagonists. Articles with funding from a pharmaceutical company and/or one or more authors employed by a pharmaceutical company were considered pharmaceutical company-sponsored studies. The remaining studies were considered not sponsored by a pharmaceutical company. Results were compared to ascertain whether positive results were obtained more frequently in the company-sponsored studies. Of the 100 articles included in this review 63 were considered pharmaceutical company-sponsored research. Results favorable for the drugs studies were significantly more common in those funded by a pharmaceutical company (98% vs. 32%). In the pulmonary and allergy literature, as in other fields, there is a publication bias towards positive results in pharmaceutical company-sponsored research.

  7. High performance dash on warning air mobile, missile system. [intercontinental ballistic missiles - systems analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Levin, A. D.; Castellano, C. R.; Hague, D. S.

    1975-01-01

    An aircraft-missile system which performs a high acceleration takeoff followed by a supersonic dash to a 'safe' distance from the launch site is presented. Topics considered are: (1) technological feasibility to the dash on warning concept; (2) aircraft and boost trajectory requirements; and (3) partial cost estimates for a fleet of aircraft which provide 200 missiles on airborne alert. Various aircraft boost propulsion systems were studied such as an unstaged cryogenic rocket, an unstaged storable liquid, and a solid rocket staged system. Various wing planforms were also studied. Vehicle gross weights are given. The results indicate that the dash on warning concept will meet expected performance criteria, and can be implemented using existing technology, such as all-aluminum aircraft and existing high-bypass-ratio turbofan engines.

  8. Archival analyses of eyewitness identification test outcomes: what can they tell us about eyewitness memory?

    PubMed

    Horry, Ruth; Halford, Paul; Brewer, Neil; Milne, Rebecca; Bull, Ray

    2014-02-01

    Several archival studies of eyewitness identification have been conducted, but the results have been inconsistent and contradictory. We identify some avoidable pitfalls that have been present in previous analyses and present new data that address these pitfalls. We explored associations among various estimator variables and lineup outcomes for 833 "real life" lineups, including 588 lineups in which corroborating evidence of the suspect's guilt existed. Suspect identifications were associated with exposure duration, viewing distance, and the age of the witness. Nonidentifications were associated with the number of perpetrators. We also consider some of the inherent, unavoidable limitations with archival studies and consider what such studies can really tell researchers. We conclude that differences in sampling prohibit sensible comparisons between the results of laboratory and archival studies, and that the informational value of archival studies is actually rather limited.

  9. 19 CFR 357.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... and imported product, as reflected in actual purchases and sales (but does not include import prices... decision to that person (the Deputy Assistant Secretary for Compliance.) (g) Short supply exists for a... United States. In determining whether short supply exists, the Secretary will not consider one factor...

  10. A multi-objective model for closed-loop supply chain optimization and efficient supplier selection in a competitive environment considering quantity discount policy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jahangoshai Rezaee, Mustafa; Yousefi, Samuel; Hayati, Jamileh

    2017-06-01

    Supplier selection and allocation of optimal order quantity are two of the most important processes in closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) and reverse logistic (RL). So that providing high quality raw material is considered as a basic requirement for a manufacturer to produce popular products, as well as achieve more market shares. On the other hand, considering the existence of competitive environment, suppliers have to offer customers incentives like discounts and enhance the quality of their products in a competition with other manufacturers. Therefore, in this study, a model is presented for CLSC optimization, efficient supplier selection, as well as orders allocation considering quantity discount policy. It is modeled using multi-objective programming based on the integrated simultaneous data envelopment analysis-Nash bargaining game. In this study, maximizing profit and efficiency and minimizing defective and functions of delivery delay rate are taken into accounts. Beside supplier selection, the suggested model selects refurbishing sites, as well as determining the number of products and parts in each network's sector. The suggested model's solution is carried out using global criteria method. Furthermore, based on related studies, a numerical example is examined to validate it.

  11. Spin-electron acoustic soliton and exchange interaction in separate spin evolution quantum plasmas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Andreev, Pavel A., E-mail: andreevpa@physics.msu.ru

    Separate spin evolution quantum hydrodynamics is generalized to include the Coulomb exchange interaction, which is considered as interaction between the spin-down electrons being in quantum states occupied by one electron. The generalized model is applied to study the non-linear spin-electron acoustic waves. Existence of the spin-electron acoustic soliton is demonstrated. Contributions of concentration, spin polarization, and exchange interaction to the properties of the spin electron acoustic soliton are studied.

  12. Evaluation of introduction scenarios for a broadband access network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bocker, Geert-Jan; Cuthbert, Laurie; Gobbi, Roberta; Inch, Robert; Sara, Lini

    1995-02-01

    The provision of broadband services at a reasonable cost to residential and small business customers is one of the major challenges facing operators. The introduction of cost-effective systems considering the existing infrastructure is an important study. Within the RACE project 2024 Broadband Access Facilities, the economic and evolution aspects of different introduction scenarios of a broadband access system suitable for providing these services are investigated. This paper presents the final results of this study.

  13. Anaesthesia for electroconvulsive therapy - new tricks for old drugs: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Stripp, Tobias Kvist; Jorgensen, Martin Balslev; Olsen, Niels Vidiendal

    2018-04-01

    The objective of this review is to investigate existing literature in order to delineate whether the use of anaesthesia and timing of seizure induction in a new and optimised way may improve the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). PubMed/MEDLINE was searched for existing literature, last search on 24 June 2015. Relevant clinical studies on human subjects involving choice of anaesthetic, ventilation and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring in the ECT setting were considered. The references of relevant studies were likewise considered. Propofol yields the shortest seizures, etomidate and ketamine the longest. Etomidate and ketamine+propofol 1 : 1 seems to yield the seizures with best quality. Seizure quality is improved when induction of ECT is delayed until the effect of the anaesthetic has waned - possibly monitored with BIS values. Manual hyperventilation with 100% O2 may increase the pO2/pCO2-ratio, which may be correlated with better seizure quality. Etomidate or a 1 : 1 ketamine and propofol combination may be the best method to achieve general anaesthesia in the ECT setting. There is a need for large randomised prospective studies comparing the effect of methohexital, thiopental, propofol, ketamine, propofol+ketamine 1 : 1 and etomidate in the ECT treatment of major depressed patients. These studies should investigate safety and side effects, and most importantly have antidepressant efficacy and cognitive side effects as outcome measures instead of seizure quality.

  14. Satellite communications system 'Tyulpan'

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tchuyan, R. K.; Tarasov, E. V.; Belousov, A. P.; Balyk, V. M.; Kovtunenko, V. M.; Morozov, V. A.; Andreev, V. A.; v'yunenko, K. A.

    1993-10-01

    A concept of the satellite communication system called 'Tyulpan' (because or its tulip-resembling shape) is considered. This conception envisages the use of six satellites-retranslators installed on high-latitude elliptic orbits. Such a system can provide the communication for mean- and high-latitude region of Europe, Asia, and America. For the communication, super small ground stations of 0.4 m in diameter can be used. In the development of system conception, the already existing technical solutions and possibility of conversion or existing installations of military destination were taken into account. Therefore, the system considered can be realized at the earliest possible date.

  15. Prospects and limitations for use of frequency spectrum from 40 to 300 GHz

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Catoe, C. E.

    1979-01-01

    The existing and future use of the electromagnetic spectrum from 40 to 300 gigahertz is discussed. The activities envisioned for this segment of the electromagnetic spectrum fall generically into two basic categories: communications and remote sensing. The communications services considered for this region are focused on the existing and future frequency allocations that are required for terrestrial radio services, space to ground radio services, space to space radio services, and space to deep space radio services. The remote sensing services considered for this region are divided into two groups of activities: earth viewing and space viewing.

  16. NEIGHBORHOODS AND COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT: NO MICROBE IS AN ISLAND

    EPA Science Inventory

    The most important thing which must be understood about microorganisms in their environments is that no microbe exists by itself. We should consider that in the environment no microbe is an island existing independently. There are only a few, extremely rare, instances when a sing...

  17. Equipment Efficiency for Healthy School Meals. [Videotape].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    National Food Service Management Inst., University, MS.

    A satellite seminar on large-scale food production equipment discusses ways child nutrition personnel can maximize use of existing equipment, considers research related to use of existing equipment, explains plan reviews for equipment selection and purchase, and explores new equipment options. Examples illustrate use of planning or modernizing…

  18. When Your Dorms Become Their Business.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Biddison, Gail B.; Hier, Thomas C.

    1996-01-01

    As more colleges and universities consider privatization of college housing, without many existing models to observe, institutions are encouraged to consider these issues before making a decision: in loco parentis responsibility; legal liability; shared obligations; financial arrangements and performance criteria; vendor responsibility for capital…

  19. 48 CFR 9.406-1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... mitigating factors should be considered in making any debarment decision. Before arriving at any debarment decision, the debarring official should consider factors such as the following: (1) Whether the contractor... programs to prevent recurrence. The existence or nonexistence of any mitigating factors or remedial...

  20. What Drives U.S. Gasoline Prices?

    EIA Publications

    2014-01-01

    This analysis provides context for considering the impact of rising domestic light crude oil production on the price that U.S. consumers pay for gasoline, and provides a framework to consider how changes to existing U.S. crude oil export restrictions might affect gasoline prices.

  1. Closed inflationary universe in patch cosmology

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Campo, Sergio del; Herrera, Ramon; Saavedra, Joel

    2009-09-15

    In this paper, we study closed inflationary universe models using the Gauss-Bonnet Brane. We determine and characterize the existence of a universe with {omega}>1, with an appropriate period of inflation. We have found that this model is less restrictive in comparison with the standard approach where a scalar field is considered. We use recent astronomical observations to constrain the parameters appearing in the model.

  2. Gaussian maximally multipartite-entangled states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Facchi, Paolo; Florio, Giuseppe; Lupo, Cosmo; Mancini, Stefano; Pascazio, Saverio

    2009-12-01

    We study maximally multipartite-entangled states in the context of Gaussian continuous variable quantum systems. By considering multimode Gaussian states with constrained energy, we show that perfect maximally multipartite-entangled states, which exhibit the maximum amount of bipartite entanglement for all bipartitions, only exist for systems containing n=2 or 3 modes. We further numerically investigate the structure of these states and their frustration for n≤7 .

  3. A Sojourn Experience in the Land of Fire and Ice: Examining Cultural Competence and Employee Well-Being through an Autoethnographic Exploration

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Grenier, Robin S.

    2016-01-01

    This article is an autoethnographic study of my sojourner experiences as a visiting professor in Iceland. In sharing how the Fulbright sojourner-experience has influenced my professional practice and sense of self I hope to provide some insight into existing research of the sojourner experience and help others as they consider living and teaching…

  4. Cats, Comics, and Knausgård: Promoting Student Reading at a U.K. Academic Library with a Leisure Reading Collection

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hurst, Susan; Marsh, Dominic; Brown, Dean; Forbes, Shona

    2017-01-01

    This case study describes the creation of a leisure reading collection in the Clifford Whitworth library at the University of Salford. It briefly surveys existing literature on leisure reading collections and looks at the growing interest among U.K. academic libraries in recreational reading. It considers the reasons for promoting reading as a…

  5. California Institute of Technology: Caltech Energy Conservation Investment Program. Green Revolving Funds in Action: Case Study Series

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Caine, Rebecca

    2011-01-01

    The Caltech Energy Conservation Investment Program (CECIP) was initiated in 2009. It manages $8 million within an existing fund in the school's endowment, which had been created to finance capital projects. Any member of the Caltech community may submit a project proposal, and projects are considered for approval as long as they have at least a 15…

  6. When Is the Story in the Subgroups? Strategies for Interpreting and Reporting Intervention Effects on Subgroups. MDRC Working Papers on Research Methodology

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bloom, Howard S.; Michalopoulos, Charles

    2010-01-01

    This paper examines strategies for interpreting and reporting estimates of intervention effects for subgroups of a study sample. Specifically, the paper considers: why and how subgroup findings are important for applied research, the importance of pre-specifying sub- groups before analyses are conducted, the importance of using existing theory and…

  7. Late-time behaviour of the Einstein–Boltzmann system with a positive cosmological constant

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Ho; Nungesser, Ernesto

    2018-01-01

    In this paper we study the Einstein–Boltzmann system for Israel particles with a positive cosmological constant. We consider spatially homogeneous solutions of all Bianchi types except type IX and obtain future global existence and the asymptotic behaviour of solutions to the Einstein–Boltzmann system. The result shows that the solutions converge to the de Sitter solution at late times.

  8. Basic Emotions in Human Neuroscience: Neuroimaging and Beyond

    PubMed Central

    Celeghin, Alessia; Diano, Matteo; Bagnis, Arianna; Viola, Marco; Tamietto, Marco

    2017-01-01

    The existence of so-called ‘basic emotions’ and their defining attributes represents a long lasting and yet unsettled issue in psychology. Recently, neuroimaging evidence, especially related to the advent of neuroimaging meta-analytic methods, has revitalized this debate in the endeavor of systems and human neuroscience. The core theme focuses on the existence of unique neural bases that are specific and characteristic for each instance of basic emotion. Here we review this evidence, outlining contradictory findings, strengths and limits of different approaches. Constructionism dismisses the existence of dedicated neural structures for basic emotions, considering that the assumption of a one-to-one relationship between neural structures and their functions is central to basic emotion theories. While these critiques are useful to pinpoint current limitations of basic emotions theories, we argue that they do not always appear equally generative in fostering new testable accounts on how the brain relates to affective functions. We then consider evidence beyond PET and fMRI, including results concerning the relation between basic emotions and awareness and data from neuropsychology on patients with focal brain damage. Evidence from lesion studies are indeed particularly informative, as they are able to bring correlational evidence typical of neuroimaging studies to causation, thereby characterizing which brain structures are necessary for, rather than simply related to, basic emotion processing. These other studies shed light on attributes often ascribed to basic emotions, such as automaticity of perception, quick onset, and brief duration. Overall, we consider that evidence in favor of the neurobiological underpinnings of basic emotions outweighs dismissive approaches. In fact, the concept of basic emotions can still be fruitful, if updated to current neurobiological knowledge that overcomes traditional one-to-one localization of functions in the brain. In particular, we propose that the structure-function relationship between brain and emotions is better described in terms of pluripotentiality, which refers to the fact that one neural structure can fulfill multiple functions, depending on the functional network and pattern of co-activations displayed at any given moment. PMID:28883803

  9. The Resource Usage Aware Backfilling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guim, Francesc; Rodero, Ivan; Corbalan, Julita

    Job scheduling policies for HPC centers have been extensively studied in the last few years, especially backfilling based policies. Almost all of these studies have been done using simulation tools. All the existent simulators use the runtime (either estimated or real) provided in the workload as a basis of their simulations. In our previous work we analyzed the impact on system performance of considering the resource sharing (memory bandwidth) of running jobs including a new resource model in the Alvio simulator. Based on this studies we proposed the LessConsume and LessConsume Threshold resource selection policies. Both are oriented to reduce the saturation of the shared resources thus increasing the performance of the system. The results showed how both resource allocation policies shown how the performance of the system can be improved by considering where the jobs are finally allocated.

  10. Effects of self-coupling and asymmetric output on metastable dynamical transient firing patterns in arrays of neurons with bidirectional inhibitory coupling.

    PubMed

    Horikawa, Yo

    2016-04-01

    Metastable dynamical transient patterns in arrays of bidirectionally coupled neurons with self-coupling and asymmetric output were studied. First, an array of asymmetric sigmoidal neurons with symmetric inhibitory bidirectional coupling and self-coupling was considered and the bifurcations of its steady solutions were shown. Metastable dynamical transient spatially nonuniform states existed in the presence of a pair of spatially symmetric stable solutions as well as unstable spatially nonuniform solutions in a restricted range of the output gain of a neuron. The duration of the transients increased exponentially with the number of neurons up to the maximum number at which the spatially nonuniform steady solutions were stabilized. The range of the output gain for which they existed reduced as asymmetry in a sigmoidal output function of a neuron increased, while the existence range expanded as the strength of inhibitory self-coupling increased. Next, arrays of spiking neuron models with slow synaptic inhibitory bidirectional coupling and self-coupling were considered with computer simulation. In an array of Class 1 Hindmarsh-Rose type models, in which each neuron showed a graded firing rate, metastable dynamical transient firing patterns were observed in the presence of inhibitory self-coupling. This agreed with the condition for the existence of metastable dynamical transients in an array of sigmoidal neurons. In an array of Class 2 Bonhoeffer-van der Pol models, in which each neuron had a clear threshold between firing and resting, long-lasting transient firing patterns with bursting and irregular motion were observed. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Design sensitivity analysis with Applicon IFAD using the adjoint variable method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Frederick, Marjorie C.; Choi, Kyung K.

    1984-01-01

    A numerical method is presented to implement structural design sensitivity analysis using the versatility and convenience of existing finite element structural analysis program and the theoretical foundation in structural design sensitivity analysis. Conventional design variables, such as thickness and cross-sectional areas, are considered. Structural performance functionals considered include compliance, displacement, and stress. It is shown that calculations can be carried out outside existing finite element codes, using postprocessing data only. That is, design sensitivity analysis software does not have to be imbedded in an existing finite element code. The finite element structural analysis program used in the implementation presented is IFAD. Feasibility of the method is shown through analysis of several problems, including built-up structures. Accurate design sensitivity results are obtained without the uncertainty of numerical accuracy associated with selection of a finite difference perturbation.

  12. Global existence and incompressible limit in critical spaces for compressible flow of liquid crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bie, Qunyi; Cui, Haibo; Wang, Qiru; Yao, Zheng-An

    2017-10-01

    The Cauchy problem for the compressible flow of nematic liquid crystals in the framework of critical spaces is considered. We first establish the existence and uniqueness of global solutions provided that the initial data are close to some equilibrium states. This result improves the work by Hu and Wu (SIAM J Math Anal 45(5):2678-2699, 2013) through relaxing the regularity requirement of the initial data in terms of the director field. Based on the global existence, we then consider the incompressible limit problem for ill prepared initial data. We prove that as the Mach number tends to zero, the global solution to the compressible flow of liquid crystals converges to the solution to the corresponding incompressible model in some function spaces. Moreover, the accurate converge rates are obtained.

  13. Use of Green's functions in the numerical solution of two-point boundary value problems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gallaher, L. J.; Perlin, I. E.

    1974-01-01

    This study investigates the use of Green's functions in the numerical solution of the two-point boundary value problem. The first part deals with the role of the Green's function in solving both linear and nonlinear second order ordinary differential equations with boundary conditions and systems of such equations. The second part describes procedures for numerical construction of Green's functions and considers briefly the conditions for their existence. Finally, there is a description of some numerical experiments using nonlinear problems for which the known existence, uniqueness or convergence theorems do not apply. Examples here include some problems in finding rendezvous orbits of the restricted three body system.

  14. Do "whiplash" victims with neck pain differ from those with neck pain and other symptoms?

    PubMed

    Tencer, A F; Mirza, S; Cummings, P

    2001-01-01

    Studying 432 patients with "whiplash" neck pain after a low speed rear-end crash, we determined whether those who reported associated symptoms (arm or low back pain) differed from those with neck pain only. Exposure variables were: age, gender, height, weight, surprised by impact, rotated position of the head, and pre-existing cervical or lumbar spinal degeneration. Immediate symptoms were considered. Odds ratios (OR) were derived from logistic regression. Only pre-existing lumbar spinal degeneration was associated with having arm symptoms (OR = 9.6, CI = 1.1, 83.6) or low back pain (OR = 23.3, CI = 2.6, 206.7) along with neck pain.

  15. The Mandate of the Collective: Apology Representativeness Determines Perceived Sincerity and Forgiveness in Intergroup Contexts.

    PubMed

    Wenzel, Michael; Okimoto, Tyler G; Hornsey, Matthew J; Lawrence-Wood, Ellie; Coughlin, Anne-Marie

    2017-06-01

    The sincerity of an apology is often critical for it to be viewed positively by victims. For collective apologies, we argue that sincerity takes on a particular meaning: It is a function of the apology's perceived representativeness for the offender group's will or sentiment. Consistent with this notion, when an apologetic (vs. nonapologetic) message was democratically chosen (Study 1) or explicitly endorsed by the majority of the offending outgroup (Study 2), it was considered more sincere and, through this, led to more forgiveness. Furthermore, while disagreement about an apology within the offender group reduced its perceived representativeness and sincerity, this was less so when the dissenters could be subtyped: when disagreement was correlated with an existing subgroup within the offending outgroup (Study 3) and in line with expectations for that subgroup (Study 4). This research shows that victim group members consider intragroup processes within the offending outgroup for attributions of sincerity.

  16. A systematic literature review of automated clinical coding and classification systems

    PubMed Central

    Williams, Margaret; Fenton, Susan H; Jenders, Robert A; Hersh, William R

    2010-01-01

    Clinical coding and classification processes transform natural language descriptions in clinical text into data that can subsequently be used for clinical care, research, and other purposes. This systematic literature review examined studies that evaluated all types of automated coding and classification systems to determine the performance of such systems. Studies indexed in Medline or other relevant databases prior to March 2009 were considered. The 113 studies included in this review show that automated tools exist for a variety of coding and classification purposes, focus on various healthcare specialties, and handle a wide variety of clinical document types. Automated coding and classification systems themselves are not generalizable, nor are the results of the studies evaluating them. Published research shows these systems hold promise, but these data must be considered in context, with performance relative to the complexity of the task and the desired outcome. PMID:20962126

  17. A systematic literature review of automated clinical coding and classification systems.

    PubMed

    Stanfill, Mary H; Williams, Margaret; Fenton, Susan H; Jenders, Robert A; Hersh, William R

    2010-01-01

    Clinical coding and classification processes transform natural language descriptions in clinical text into data that can subsequently be used for clinical care, research, and other purposes. This systematic literature review examined studies that evaluated all types of automated coding and classification systems to determine the performance of such systems. Studies indexed in Medline or other relevant databases prior to March 2009 were considered. The 113 studies included in this review show that automated tools exist for a variety of coding and classification purposes, focus on various healthcare specialties, and handle a wide variety of clinical document types. Automated coding and classification systems themselves are not generalizable, nor are the results of the studies evaluating them. Published research shows these systems hold promise, but these data must be considered in context, with performance relative to the complexity of the task and the desired outcome.

  18. An integrative approach for measuring semantic similarities using gene ontology.

    PubMed

    Peng, Jiajie; Li, Hongxiang; Jiang, Qinghua; Wang, Yadong; Chen, Jin

    2014-01-01

    Gene Ontology (GO) provides rich information and a convenient way to study gene functional similarity, which has been successfully used in various applications. However, the existing GO based similarity measurements have limited functions for only a subset of GO information is considered in each measure. An appropriate integration of the existing measures to take into account more information in GO is demanding. We propose a novel integrative measure called InteGO2 to automatically select appropriate seed measures and then to integrate them using a metaheuristic search method. The experiment results show that InteGO2 significantly improves the performance of gene similarity in human, Arabidopsis and yeast on both molecular function and biological process GO categories. InteGO2 computes gene-to-gene similarities more accurately than tested existing measures and has high robustness. The supplementary document and software are available at http://mlg.hit.edu.cn:8082/.

  19. The Optimization of In-Memory Space Partitioning Trees for Cache Utilization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yeo, Myung Ho; Min, Young Soo; Bok, Kyoung Soo; Yoo, Jae Soo

    In this paper, a novel cache conscious indexing technique based on space partitioning trees is proposed. Many researchers investigated efficient cache conscious indexing techniques which improve retrieval performance of in-memory database management system recently. However, most studies considered data partitioning and targeted fast information retrieval. Existing data partitioning-based index structures significantly degrade performance due to the redundant accesses of overlapped spaces. Specially, R-tree-based index structures suffer from the propagation of MBR (Minimum Bounding Rectangle) information by updating data frequently. In this paper, we propose an in-memory space partitioning index structure for optimal cache utilization. The proposed index structure is compared with the existing index structures in terms of update performance, insertion performance and cache-utilization rate in a variety of environments. The results demonstrate that the proposed index structure offers better performance than existing index structures.

  20. Wind Energy Facilities and Residential Properties: The Effect of Proximity and View on Sales Prices

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hoen, Ben; Wiser, Ryan; Cappers, Peter

    2010-04-01

    With wind energy expanding rapidly in the U.S. and abroad, and with an increasing number of communities considering nearby wind power developments, there is a need to empirically investigate community concerns about wind project development. One such concern is that property values may be adversely affected by wind energy facilities, and relatively little existing research exists on the subject. The present research is based on almost 7,500 sales of single-family homes situated within ten miles of 24 existing wind facilities in nine different U.S. states. The conclusions of the study are drawn from four different hedonic pricing models. The modelmore » results are consistent in that neither the view of the wind facilities nor the distance of the home to those facilities is found to have a statistically significant effect on home sales prices.« less

  1. Minimal wave speed for a class of non-cooperative reaction-diffusion systems of three equations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Tianran

    2017-05-01

    In this paper, we study the traveling wave solutions and minimal wave speed for a class of non-cooperative reaction-diffusion systems consisting of three equations. Based on the eigenvalues, a pair of upper-lower solutions connecting only the invasion-free equilibrium are constructed and the Schauder's fixed-point theorem is applied to show the existence of traveling semi-fronts for an auxiliary system. Then the existence of traveling semi-fronts of original system is obtained by limit arguments. The traveling semi-fronts are proved to connect another equilibrium if natural birth and death rates are not considered and to be persistent if these rates are incorporated. Then non-existence of bounded traveling semi-fronts is obtained by two-sided Laplace transform. Then the above results are applied to some disease-transmission models and a predator-prey model.

  2. History of the Earth - The History of Life

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rozanov, A. Yu.

    2017-05-01

    To date there is more and more evidence that life is a phenomenon of galactic scale, and the problem of the life origin should be moved to an earlier time, at least 1-2 billion years from the usual dating. The process of life formation could begin already at the stage of the formation of solar clusters from molecular clouds, which leads us to consider the possible existence of an RNA world up to 7 billion years ago. Verification of physical conditions on the early Earth with the latest astrobiological and paleontological data shows that the optimal conditions for the existence of ancient bacteria suggest that the average temperature of the ocean is slightly higher than today. Also, thanks to the studies of the last two decades, the hypothesis of the oxygen-free atmosphere of the Earth in the first 2 billion years of its existence is rejected.

  3. Rethinking our approach to gender and disasters: Needs, responsibilities, and solutions.

    PubMed

    Montano, Samantha; Savitt, Amanda

    2016-01-01

    To explore how the existing literature has discussed the vulnerability and needs of women in a disaster context. It will consider the literature's suggestions of how to minimize vulnerability and address the needs of women, including who involved in emergency management should be responsible for such efforts. Empirical journal articles and book chapters from disaster literature were collected that focused on "women" or "gender," and their results and recommendations were analyzed. This review found existing empirical research on women during disasters focuses on their vulnerabilities more than their needs. Second, when researchers do suggest solutions, they tend not to be comprehensive or supported by empirical evidence. Finally, it is not clear from existing research who is responsible for addressing these needs and implementing solutions. Future research should study the intersection of gender and disasters in terms of needs and solutions including who is responsible for implementing solutions.

  4. Application of Three Existing Stope Boundary Optimisation Methods in an Operating Underground Mine

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Erdogan, Gamze; Yavuz, Mahmut

    2017-12-01

    The underground mine planning and design optimisation process have received little attention because of complexity and variability of problems in underground mines. Although a number of optimisation studies and software tools are available and some of them, in special, have been implemented effectively to determine the ultimate-pit limits in an open pit mine, there is still a lack of studies for optimisation of ultimate stope boundaries in underground mines. The proposed approaches for this purpose aim at maximizing the economic profit by selecting the best possible layout under operational, technical and physical constraints. In this paper, the existing three heuristic techniques including Floating Stope Algorithm, Maximum Value Algorithm and Mineable Shape Optimiser (MSO) are examined for optimisation of stope layout in a case study. Each technique is assessed in terms of applicability, algorithm capabilities and limitations considering the underground mine planning challenges. Finally, the results are evaluated and compared.

  5. Mathematical model of carotid artery for stent placement

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rahman, Tengku Husna Tengku Abdul; Din, Ummul Khair Salma; Ahmad, Rokiah @ Rozita

    2016-11-01

    The carotid artery stenting is one of the methods used to reduce the effect of artherosclerosis which caused by the thickening of the artery wall. In most of the studies, the measure of wall elasticity, shear stress and the blood pressure through the blood flow were considered. The aim of this study is to determine the position to place the stent inside the carotid artery. A mathematical model is reconstructed to determine the suitable location of the stent in the carotid artery. Throughout the study, differences in fluid flow between a normal carotid artery wall and stenosed carotid artery wall are investigated. Since the existence of the stenosis provides a resistance in the flow, it is important to identify the right position to place the stent. The stent will be placed in the position where stenosis exists to ease the blood to flow normally. Later after the stent placement, the blood flow normally through the blood vessel.

  6. The SIR model of Zika virus disease outbreak in Brazil at year 2015

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aik, Lim Eng; Kiang, Lam Chee; Hong, Tan Wei; Abu, Mohd Syafarudy

    2017-05-01

    This research study demonstrates a numerical model intended for comprehension the spread of the year 2015 Zika virus disease utilizing the standard SIR framework. In modeling virulent disease dynamics, it is important to explore whether the illness spread could accomplish a pandemic level or it could be eradicated. Information from the year 2015 Zika virus disease event is utilized and Brazil where the event began is considered in this research study. A three dimensional nonlinear differential equation is formulated and solved numerically utilizing the Euler's method in MS excel. It is appeared from the research study that, with health intercessions of public, the viable regenerative number can be decreased making it feasible for the event to cease to exist. It is additionally indicated numerically that the pandemic can just cease to exist when there are no new infected people in the populace.

  7. Video prompting versus other instruction strategies for persons with Alzheimer's disease.

    PubMed

    Perilli, Viviana; Lancioni, Giulio E; Hoogeveen, Frans; Caffó, Alessandro; Singh, Nirbhay; O'Reilly, Mark; Sigafoos, Jeff; Cassano, Germana; Oliva, Doretta

    2013-06-01

    Two studies assessed the effectiveness of video prompting as a strategy to support persons with mild and moderate Alzheimer's disease in performing daily activities. In study I, video prompting was compared to an existing strategy relying on verbal instructions. In study II, video prompting was compared to another existing strategy relying on static pictorial cues. Video prompting and the other strategies were counterbalanced across tasks and participants and compared within alternating treatments designs. Video prompting was effective in all participants. Similarly effective were the other 2 strategies, and only occasional differences between the strategies were reported. Two social validation assessments showed that university psychology students and graduates rated the patients' performance with video prompting more favorably than their performance with the other strategies. Video prompting may be considered a valuable alternative to the other strategies to support daily activities in persons with Alzheimer's disease.

  8. EEG Derived Neuronal Dynamics during Meditation: Progress and Challenges

    PubMed Central

    Kaur, Chamandeep; Singh, Preeti

    2015-01-01

    Meditation advances positivity but how these behavioral and psychological changes are brought can be explained by understanding neurophysiological effects of meditation. In this paper, a broad spectrum of neural mechanics under a variety of meditation styles has been reviewed. The overall aim of this study is to review existing scientific studies and future challenges on meditation effects based on changing EEG brainwave patterns. Albeit the existing researches evidenced the hold for efficacy of meditation in relieving anxiety and depression and producing psychological well-being, more rigorous studies are required with better design, considering client variables like personality characteristics to avoid negative effects, randomized controlled trials, and large sample sizes. A bigger number of clinical trials that concentrate on the use of meditation are required. Also, the controversial subject of epileptiform EEG changes and other adverse effects during meditation has been raised. PMID:26770834

  9. Current Developments in Measuring Academic Behavioural Confidence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sander, Paul

    2009-01-01

    Using published findings and by further analyses of existing data, the structure, validity and utility of the Academic Behavioural Confidence scale (ABC) is critically considered. Validity is primarily assessed through the scale's relationship with other existing scales as well as by looking for predicted differences. The utility of the ABC scale…

  10. The Historical Development of Private Education in Canada

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    MacKay, Brenda; Firmin, Michael W.

    2008-01-01

    The Canadian educational system has been influenced by geography, population, and natural resources. In some provinces, denominational schools exist within the public school system. Although committed to a multiethnic society, private education also exists within the larger system, with religious or Christian schools considered a subset of private…

  11. The Myth of Learning Styles

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Riener, Cedar; Willingham, Daniel

    2010-01-01

    There is no credible evidence that learning styles exist. In this article, the authors begin by defining "learning styles"; then they address the claims made by those who believe that they exist, in the process acknowledging what the authors consider the valid claims of learning-styles theorists. But in separating the wheat from the…

  12. An assessment of survey measures used across key epidemiologic studies of United States Gulf War I Era Veterans

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Over the past two decades, 12 large epidemiologic studies and 2 registries have focused on U.S. veterans of the 1990–1991 Gulf War Era. We conducted a review of these studies’ research tools to identify existing gaps and overlaps of efforts to date, and to advance development of the next generation of Gulf War Era survey tools. Overall, we found that many of the studies used similar instruments. Questions regarding exposures were more similar across studies than other domains, while neurocognitive and psychological tools were the most variable. Many studies focused on self-reported survey results, with a range of validation practices. However, physical exams, biomedical assessments, and specimen storage were not common. This review suggests that while research may be able to pool data from past surveys, future surveys need to consider how their design can yield data comparable with previous surveys. Additionally, data that incorporate recent technologies in specimen and genetic analyses would greatly enhance such survey data. When combined with existing data on deployment-related exposures and post-deployment health conditions, longitudinal follow-up of existing studies within this collaborative framework could represent an important step toward improving the health of veterans. PMID:23302181

  13. Should we reconsider the routine use of placebo controls in clinical research?

    PubMed

    Avins, Andrew L; Cherkin, Daniel C; Sherman, Karen J; Goldberg, Harley; Pressman, Alice

    2012-04-27

    Modern clinical-research practice favors placebo controls over usual-care controls whenever a credible placebo exists. An unrecognized consequence of this preference is that clinicians are more limited in their ability to provide the benefits of the non-specific healing effects of placebos in clinical practice. We examined the issues in choosing between placebo and usual-care controls. We considered why placebo controls place constraints on clinicians and the trade-offs involved in the choice of control groups. We find that, for certain studies, investigators should consider usual-care controls, even if an adequate placebo is available. Employing usual-care controls would be of greatest value for pragmatic trials evaluating treatments to improve clinical care and for which threats to internal validity can be adequately managed without a placebo-control condition. Intentionally choosing usual-care controls, even when a satisfactory placebo exists, would allow clinicians to capture the value of non-specific therapeutic benefits that are common to all interventions. The result could be more effective, patient-centered care that makes the best use of both specific and non-specific benefits of medical interventions.

  14. Prediction of brittleness based on anisotropic rock physics model for kerogen-rich shale

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qian, Ke-Ran; He, Zhi-Liang; Chen, Ye-Quan; Liu, Xi-Wu; Li, Xiang-Yang

    2017-12-01

    The construction of a shale rock physics model and the selection of an appropriate brittleness index ( BI) are two significant steps that can influence the accuracy of brittleness prediction. On one hand, the existing models of kerogen-rich shale are controversial, so a reasonable rock physics model needs to be built. On the other hand, several types of equations already exist for predicting the BI whose feasibility needs to be carefully considered. This study constructed a kerogen-rich rock physics model by performing the selfconsistent approximation and the differential effective medium theory to model intercoupled clay and kerogen mixtures. The feasibility of our model was confirmed by comparison with classical models, showing better accuracy. Templates were constructed based on our model to link physical properties and the BI. Different equations for the BI had different sensitivities, making them suitable for different types of formations. Equations based on Young's Modulus were sensitive to variations in lithology, while those using Lame's Coefficients were sensitive to porosity and pore fluids. Physical information must be considered to improve brittleness prediction.

  15. Exploring Health Information Exchange Implementation Using Qualitative Assessments of Nursing Home Leaders

    PubMed Central

    Alexander, Gregory L.; Popejoy, Lori; Lyons, Vanessa; Shumate, Sue; Mueller, Jessica; Galambos, Colleen; Vogelsmeier, Amy; Rantz, Marilyn; Flesner, Marcia

    2016-01-01

    Objectives Limited research exists on nursing home information technologies, such as health information exchange (HIE) systems. Capturing the experiences of early HIE adopters provides vital information about how these systems are used. In this study, we conduct a secondary analysis of qualitative data captured during interviews with 15 nursing home leaders representing 14 nursing homes in the midwestern United States that are part of the Missouri Quality Improvement Initiative (MOQI) national demonstration project. Methods The interviews were conducted as part of an external evaluation of the HIE vendor contracting with the MOQI initiative with the purpose of understanding the challenges and successes of HIE implementation, with a particular focus on Direct HIE services. Results Emerging themes included (1) incorporating HIE into existing work processes, (2) participation inside and outside the facility, (3) appropriate training and retraining, (4) getting others to use the HIE, (5) getting the HIE operational, and 6) putting policies for technology into place. Discussion Three essential areas should be considered for nursing homes considering HIE adoption: readiness to adopt technology, availability of technology resources, and matching of new clinical workflows. PMID:27843423

  16. Policy design and performance of emissions trading markets: an adaptive agent-based analysis.

    PubMed

    Bing, Zhang; Qinqin, Yu; Jun, Bi

    2010-08-01

    Emissions trading is considered to be a cost-effective environmental economic instrument for pollution control. However, the pilot emissions trading programs in China have failed to bring remarkable success in the campaign for pollution control. The policy design of an emissions trading program is found to have a decisive impact on its performance. In this study, an artificial market for sulfur dioxide (SO2) emissions trading applying the agent-based model was constructed. The performance of the Jiangsu SO2 emissions trading market under different policy design scenario was also examined. Results show that the market efficiency of emissions trading is significantly affected by policy design and existing policies. China's coal-electricity price system is the principal factor influencing the performance of the SO2 emissions trading market. Transaction costs would also reduce market efficiency. In addition, current-level emissions discharge fee/tax and banking mechanisms do not distinctly affect policy performance. Thus, applying emissions trading in emission control in China should consider policy design and interaction with other existing policies.

  17. Practical Application Limits of Fuel Cells and Batteries for Zero Emission Vessels

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Minnehan, John J.; Pratt, Joseph William

    Batteries and hydrogen fuel cells provide zero emission power at the point of use. They are studied as an alternative powerplant for maritime vessels by considering 14 case studies of various ship sizes and routes varying from small passenger vessels to the largest cargo ships. The method used was to compare the mass and volume of the required zero emission solution to the available mass and volume on an existing vessel considering its current engine and fuel storage systems. The results show that it is practically feasible to consider these zero emission technologies for most vessels in the world's fleet.more » Hydrogen fuel cells proved to be the most capable while battery systems showed an advantage for high power, short duration missions. The results provide a guide to ship designers to determine the most suitable types of zero emission powerplants to fit a ship based on its size and energy requirements.« less

  18. Improvement of a method for positioning of pithead by considering motion of the surface water

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yi, H.; Lee, D. K.

    2016-12-01

    Underground mining has weakness compared with open pit mining in aspects of efficiency, economy and working environment. However, the method has applied for the development of a deep orebody. Development plan is established when the economic valuation and technical analysis of the deposits is completed through exploration of mineral resources. Development is a process to open a passage from the ground surface to the orebody as one of the steps of mining process. In the planning, there are details such as pithead positioning, mining method selection, and shaft design, etc. Among these, pithead positioning is implemented by considering infrastructures, watershed, geology, and economy. In this study, we propose a method to consider the motion of the surface waters in order to improve the existing pithead positioning techniques. The method contemplates the terrain around the mine and makes the surface water flow information. Then, the drainage treatment cost for each candidate location of pithead is suggested. This study covers the concept and design of the scheme.

  19. A combined analytical formulation and genetic algorithm to analyze the nonlinear damage responses of continuous fiber toughened composites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jeon, Haemin; Yu, Jaesang; Lee, Hunsu; Kim, G. M.; Kim, Jae Woo; Jung, Yong Chae; Yang, Cheol-Min; Yang, B. J.

    2017-09-01

    Continuous fiber-reinforced composites are important materials that have the highest commercialized potential in the upcoming future among existing advanced materials. Despite their wide use and value, their theoretical mechanisms have not been fully established due to the complexity of the compositions and their unrevealed failure mechanisms. This study proposes an effective three-dimensional damage modeling of a fibrous composite by combining analytical micromechanics and evolutionary computation. The interface characteristics, debonding damage, and micro-cracks are considered to be the most influential factors on the toughness and failure behaviors of composites, and a constitutive equation considering these factors was explicitly derived in accordance with the micromechanics-based ensemble volume averaged method. The optimal set of various model parameters in the analytical model were found using modified evolutionary computation that considers human-induced error. The effectiveness of the proposed formulation was validated by comparing a series of numerical simulations with experimental data from available studies.

  20. Two-Dimensional Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge under Wave Loading

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seeram, Madhuri; Manohar, Y.

    2018-06-01

    In the present study finite element analysis is performed for a modified fan type cable-stayed bridge using ANSYS Mechanical. A cable stayed bridge with two towers and main deck is considered for the present study. Dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate natural frequencies. The obtained natural frequencies and mode shapes of cable stayed bridge are compared to the existing results. Further studies have been conducted for offshore area application by increasing the pylon/tower height depending upon the water depth. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are evaluated for the cable stayed bridge for offshore area application. The results indicate that the natural periods are higher than the existing results due to the effect of increase in mass of the structure and decrease in stiffness of the pylon/tower. The cable stayed bridge is analyzed under various environmental loads such as dead, live, vehicle, seismic and wave loading. Morison equation is considered to evaluate the wave force. The sum of inertia and drag force is taken as the wave force distribution along the fluid interacting height of the pylon. Airy's wave theory is used to assess water particle kinematics, for the wave periods ranging from 5 to 20 s and unit wave height. The maximum wave force among the different regular waves is considered in the wave load case. The support reactions, moments and deflections for offshore area application are highlighted. It is observed that the maximum support reactions and support moments are obtained due to wave and earthquake loading respectively. Hence, it is concluded that the wave and earthquake forces shall be given significance in the design of cable stayed bridge.

  1. Two-Dimensional Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge under Wave Loading

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seeram, Madhuri; Manohar, Y.

    2018-02-01

    In the present study finite element analysis is performed for a modified fan type cable-stayed bridge using ANSYS Mechanical. A cable stayed bridge with two towers and main deck is considered for the present study. Dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate natural frequencies. The obtained natural frequencies and mode shapes of cable stayed bridge are compared to the existing results. Further studies have been conducted for offshore area application by increasing the pylon/tower height depending upon the water depth. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are evaluated for the cable stayed bridge for offshore area application. The results indicate that the natural periods are higher than the existing results due to the effect of increase in mass of the structure and decrease in stiffness of the pylon/tower. The cable stayed bridge is analyzed under various environmental loads such as dead, live, vehicle, seismic and wave loading. Morison equation is considered to evaluate the wave force. The sum of inertia and drag force is taken as the wave force distribution along the fluid interacting height of the pylon. Airy's wave theory is used to assess water particle kinematics, for the wave periods ranging from 5 to 20 s and unit wave height. The maximum wave force among the different regular waves is considered in the wave load case. The support reactions, moments and deflections for offshore area application are highlighted. It is observed that the maximum support reactions and support moments are obtained due to wave and earthquake loading respectively. Hence, it is concluded that the wave and earthquake forces shall be given significance in the design of cable stayed bridge.

  2. Experimental Study of Sand Production and Mud Erosion Phenomena for Sand Mud Alternate Layer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Oyama, H.; Sato, T.

    2014-12-01

    Methane hydrates are crystalline, ice-like compounds under specific thermodynamic conditions. The existence of methane hydrates is confirmed in the Nankai Trough, an offshore area of Japan. Japan's Methane Hydrate Research and Development Program (MH21) has been under way at this area. In the early 2013, the world's first intentional gas production attempt from marine gas hydrate deposits was tried and accomplished in the Daini Atumi Knoll area of the Eastern Nankai Trough. For gas production, depressurization method has been considered as a promising gas production technique from methane hydrate reservoirs. However, considering of continuous gas production over a long period, there is still something to clarify. The methane hydrate crystals are very small and existed in the intergranular pores of sandy layer of turbidite sediments. When the intergranular methane hydrates will be dissociated, it is considered that dissociated gas and water flow will cause sand production and mud erosion phenomena of turbidite sediments. The production of framework sands into a well is one of the problems plaguing the gas because of its adverse effects on well productivity and equipment. If the eroded mud is accumulated in the pore space of sand, skin is generated and permeability becomes lower. In addition, mud erosion has a negative effect for the well stability. This research presents an experimental study to understand sand production and mud erosion phenomena for sand mud alternate layer. The aims of this study are to understand these phenomena and clarify driving forces. In our experiments, we used an artificial sedimentary core and performed experiments under various conditions. As the results, the driving forces of these phenomena are not dissociation gas flow but water flow through pore.

  3. Non-destructive inspection of polymer composite products

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Anoshkin, A. N.; Sal'nikov, A. F.; Osokin, V. M.; Tretyakov, A. A.; Luzin, G. S.; Potrakhov, N. N.; Bessonov, V. B.

    2018-02-01

    The paper considers the main types of defects encountered in products made of polymer composite materials for aviation use. The analysis of existing methods of nondestructive testing is carried out, features of their application are considered taking into account design features, geometrical parameters and internal structure of objects of inspection. The advantages and disadvantages of the considered methods of nondestructive testing used in industrial production are shown.

  4. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brihaye, Yves; Delsate, Terence; Kodama, Yuta

    We consider a six-dimensional brane world model, where the brane is described by a localized solution to the baby-Skyrme model extending in the extra dimensions. The branes have a cosmological constant modeled by inflating four-dimensional slices, and we further consider a bulk cosmological constant. We construct solutions numerically and present evidence that the solutions cease to exist for large values of the brane cosmological constant in some particular case. Then we study the stability of the model by considering perturbation of the gravitational part (resp. baby Skyrmion) with fixed matter fields (resp. gravitational background). Our results indicate that the perturbationmore » equations do not admit localized solutions for certain type of perturbation. The stability analysis can be alternatively seen as leading to a particle spectrum; we give mass estimations for the baby-Skyrme perturbation and for the graviton.« less

  5. Geographical distribution of Musa gracilis Holttum in Peninsular Malaysia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Norfazlina, B.; Wickneswari, R.; Choong, C. Y.

    2016-11-01

    Musa gracilis (Musaceae) is placed under section Callimusa and was considered endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the current occurrence of Musa gracilis in Peninsular Malaysia. The coordinates of each population was recorded using the Global Positioning System (GPS) and mapped to show the geographical distribution of Musa gracilis. This study revealed that Musa gracilis exhibits specific pattern of distribution, which exists only in a lowland areas on the eastern and southern part of Peninsular Malaysia.

  6. An Analysis of the Requirements for and the Costs and Benefits of the National Microwave Landing System (MLS). Volume I,

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-06-01

    International MLS Market ........ ................. ... 2-82 2.11 Opinions about MLS from Aviation User Organizations ... ........ 2-91 CHAPTER 3 - Study...in its use. Until then, the existing ICAD category defintions are satisfactory for the comparison purposes of this study. LIMITATIONS OF THE ILS This...considered is r = 0.12; this represents the average estimated costs of borrowing funds in today’s conmercial money market . All private, non-FAA

  7. Do regional methods really help reduce uncertainties in flood frequency analyses?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cong Nguyen, Chi; Payrastre, Olivier; Gaume, Eric

    2013-04-01

    Flood frequency analyses are often based on continuous measured series at gauge sites. However, the length of the available data sets is usually too short to provide reliable estimates of extreme design floods. To reduce the estimation uncertainties, the analyzed data sets have to be extended either in time, making use of historical and paleoflood data, or in space, merging data sets considered as statistically homogeneous to build large regional data samples. Nevertheless, the advantage of the regional analyses, the important increase of the size of the studied data sets, may be counterbalanced by the possible heterogeneities of the merged sets. The application and comparison of four different flood frequency analysis methods to two regions affected by flash floods in the south of France (Ardèche and Var) illustrates how this balance between the number of records and possible heterogeneities plays in real-world applications. The four tested methods are: (1) a local statistical analysis based on the existing series of measured discharges, (2) a local analysis valuating the existing information on historical floods, (3) a standard regional flood frequency analysis based on existing measured series at gauged sites and (4) a modified regional analysis including estimated extreme peak discharges at ungauged sites. Monte Carlo simulations are conducted to simulate a large number of discharge series with characteristics similar to the observed ones (type of statistical distributions, number of sites and records) to evaluate to which extent the results obtained on these case studies can be generalized. These two case studies indicate that even small statistical heterogeneities, which are not detected by the standard homogeneity tests implemented in regional flood frequency studies, may drastically limit the usefulness of such approaches. On the other hand, these result show that the valuation of information on extreme events, either historical flood events at gauged sites or estimated extremes at ungauged sites in the considered region, is an efficient way to reduce uncertainties in flood frequency studies.

  8. Existence of almost periodic solutions for forced perturbed systems with piecewise constant argument

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xia, Yonghui; Huang, Zhenkun; Han, Maoan

    2007-09-01

    Certain almost periodic forced perturbed systems with piecewise argument are considered in this paper. By using the contraction mapping principle and some new analysis technique, some sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence and uniqueness of almost periodic solution of these systems. Furthermore, we study the harmonic and subharmonic solutions of these systems. The obtained results generalize the previous known results such as [A.M. Fink, Almost Periodic Differential Equation, Lecture Notes in Math., volE 377, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1974; C.Y. He, Almost Periodic Differential Equations, Higher Education Press, Beijing, 1992 (in Chinese); Z.S. Lin, The existence of almost periodic solution of linear system, Acta Math. Sinica 22 (5) (1979) 515-528 (in Chinese); C.Y. He, Existence of almost periodic solutions of perturbation systems, Ann. Differential Equations 9 (2) (1992) 173-181; Y.H. Xia, M. Lin, J. Cao, The existence of almost periodic solutions of certain perturbation system, J. Math. Anal. Appl. 310 (1) (2005) 81-96]. Finally, a tangible example and its numeric simulations show the feasibility of our results, the comparison between non-perturbed system and perturbed system, the relation between systems with and without piecewise argument.

  9. Learning Potential and Cognitive Modifiability

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kozulin, Alex

    2011-01-01

    The relationship between thinking and learning constitutes one of the fundamental problems of cognitive psychology. Though there is an obvious overlap between the domains of thinking and learning, it seems more productive to consider learning as being predominantly acquisition while considering thinking as the application of the existent concepts…

  10. What Are Good Universities?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Connell, Raewyn

    2016-01-01

    This paper considers how we can arrive at a concept of the good university. It begins with ideas expressed by Australian Vice-Chancellors and in the "league tables" for universities, which essentially reproduce existing privilege. It then considers definitions of the good university via wish lists, classic texts, horror lists, structural…

  11. Long-time behavior for suspension bridge equations with time delay

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, Sun-Hye

    2018-04-01

    In this paper, we consider suspension bridge equations with time delay of the form u_{tt}(x,t) + Δ ^2 u (x,t) + k u^+ (x,t) + a_0 u_t (x,t) + a_1 u_t (x, t- τ ) + f(u(x,t)) = g(x). Many researchers have studied well-posedness, decay rates of energy, and existence of attractors for suspension bridge equations without delay effects. But, as far as we know, there is no work about suspension equations with time delay. In addition, there are not many studies on attractors for other delayed systems. Thus we first provide well-posedness for suspension equations with time delay. And then show the existence of global attractors and the finite dimensionality of the attractors by establishing energy functionals which are related to the norm of the phase space to our problem.

  12. Emissions from residential combustion considering end-uses and spatial constraints: Part II, emission reduction scenarios

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Winijkul, Ekbordin; Bond, Tami C.

    2016-01-01

    Cooking, heating, and other activities in the residential sector are major sources of indoor and outdoor air pollution, especially when solid fuels are used to provide energy. Because of their deleterious effects on the atmosphere and human health, multinational strategies to reduce emissions have been proposed. This study examines the effects of some possible policies, considering realistic factors that constrain mitigation: end-uses, spatial constraints involving proximity to forest or electricity, existing technology, and assumptions about user behavior. Reduction scenarios are applied to a year-2010, spatially distributed baseline of emissions of particulate matter, black carbon, organic carbon, nitrogen oxides, methane, non-methane hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide. Scenarios explored are: (1) cleanest current stove, where we assume that existing technology in each land type is applied to burn existing fuels; (2) stove standards, where we assume that stoves are designed to meet performance standards; and (3) clean fuels, where users adopt the cleanest fuels plausible in each land type. We assume that people living in forest access areas continue to use wood regardless of available fuels, so the clean-fuels scenario leads to a reduction in emissions of 18-25%, depending on the pollutant, across the study region. Cleaner stoves preferentially affect land types with forest access, where about half of the fuel is used; emission reductions range from 25 to 82%, depending on the pollutant. If stove performance standards can be met, particulate matter emissions are reduced by 62% for the loosest standards and 95% for the tightest standards, and carbon monoxide is reduced by 40% and 62% for the loosest and tightest standards. Reductions in specific regions and countries depend on the existing fuel mixture and the population division among land types, and are explored for Latin America, Africa, East Asia, South Asia, and Southeast Asia.

  13. The impact of climate change and aeroallergens on children's health.

    PubMed

    Schmier, Jordana K; Ebi, Kristie L

    2009-01-01

    There are unequivocal data that climate change is occurring and that there are resulting health impacts. Climate change can affect the prevalence and severity of allergic and respiratory disorders through projected increases in the temporal and spatial distribution and concentrations of some aeroallergens. This study was designed to critique and summarize existing knowledge on asthma-related impacts of aeroallergen exposure on children in the United States and to provide suggestions about reducing the negative impacts of climate change through increasing education, adapting current management strategies, and modifying distribution channels. A review and synthesis of published literature was performed. Five studies identified evaluated the relationship between aeroallergens and particular symptoms and six evaluated use of the emergency department and hospital care for asthma. Little is known about the relationship between aeroallergens and particular asthma symptoms. However, overall, there appears to be evidence that weed pollen is significantly associated with asthma exacerbations and use of emergency and hospital services. Activities that can help mitigate the impact of additional climate change-induced respiratory disease include continued research, physician and patient education, optimizing production and distribution, and actively considering the budgetary impact of increased prevalence and severity of respiratory disease. Although more research is needed on aeroallergens and respiratory disease, existing studies suggest that it will be essential to consider the health impacts on children. Strategies to reduce the impacts should be developed and implemented now.

  14. Land Resources Allocation Strategies in an Urban Area Involving Uncertainty: A Case Study of Suzhou, in the Yangtze River Delta of China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Shasha; Guan, Xingliang; Zhou, Min; Wang, Yang

    2014-05-01

    A large number of mathematical models have been developed to support land resource allocation decisions and land management needs; however, few of them can address various uncertainties that exist in relation to many factors presented in such decisions (e.g., land resource availabilities, land demands, land-use patterns, and social demands, as well as ecological requirements). In this study, a multi-objective interval-stochastic land resource allocation model (MOISLAM) was developed for tackling uncertainty that presents as discrete intervals and/or probability distributions. The developed model improves upon the existing multi-objective programming and inexact optimization approaches. The MOISLAM not only considers economic factors, but also involves food security and eco-environmental constraints; it can, therefore, effectively reflect various interrelations among different aspects in a land resource management system. Moreover, the model can also help examine the reliability of satisfying (or the risk of violating) system constraints under uncertainty. In this study, the MOISLAM was applied to a real case of long-term urban land resource allocation planning in Suzhou, in the Yangtze River Delta of China. Interval solutions associated with different risk levels of constraint violation were obtained. The results are considered useful for generating a range of decision alternatives under various system conditions, and thus helping decision makers to identify a desirable land resource allocation strategy under uncertainty.

  15. Osteoporosis in premenopausal women.

    PubMed

    Langdahl, Bente L

    2017-07-01

    The scope of this review was to review the newest developments in the context of the existing knowledge on premenopausal bone fragility. Fragility fractures are common in postmenopausal women and men and diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis have been agreed and multiple pharmacological treatments have been developed over the last 25 years. In premenopausal women, fragility fractures and very low bone mass are uncommon and osteoporosis in premenopausal women has therefore attracted much less interest. Recent studies have highlighted that lifestyle and dietary habits affect premenopausal bone mass. Bone mass may be improved by sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin D together with increased physical activity in premenopausal women with idiopathic osteoporosis. If pharmacological treatment is needed, teriparatide has been demonstrated to efficiently increase bone mass; however, no fracture studies and no comparative studies against antiresorptive therapies have been conducted. Pregnancy affects bone turnover and mass significantly, but pregnancy-associated osteoporosis is a rare and heterogeneous condition. The diagnosis of osteoporosis should only be considered in premenopausal women with existing fragility fractures, diseases or treatments known to cause bone loss or fractures. Secondary causes of osteoporosis should be corrected or treated if possible. The women should be recommended sufficient intake of calcium and vitamin and physical activity. In women with recurrent fractures or secondary causes that cannot be eliminated, for example glucocorticoid or cancer treatment, pharmacological intervention with bisphosphonates or teriparatide (not in the case of cancer) may be considered.

  16. Forced cubic Schrödinger equation with Robin boundary data: large-time asymptotics

    PubMed Central

    Kaikina, Elena I.

    2013-01-01

    We consider the initial-boundary-value problem for the cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation, formulated on a half-line with inhomogeneous Robin boundary data. We study traditionally important problems of the theory of nonlinear partial differential equations, such as the global-in-time existence of solutions to the initial-boundary-value problem and the asymptotic behaviour of solutions for large time. PMID:24204185

  17. Religion and the Media in GCSE and A-Level Syllabuses: A Regrettable Gap and Proposals to Fill It

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Horrell, David G.; O'Donnell, Karen; Tollerton, David

    2018-01-01

    Existing GCSE and A-level syllabuses include modules on religion and the media, but these have not been widely or well studied for a variety of reasons. The modules may be considered difficult to teach well, and teachers have few good resources to use in comparison with more popular topics such as medical or environmental ethics. The newly…

  18. Issues of Food Chain Security and Case Studies in the Czech Army

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Komar, Ales; Vasicka, Pavlina

    Food supply system is fundamental extremely open complex. Global challenge is acknowledged and must be considered because food is important source of existence and can be used as a desirable terrorist vehicle. Raw material and food featured intentional versus accidental contamination. Manifestation of global challenges, aspiration for sustainable development and appearance of terrorism create the new paradigm for threats to food safety and defence management.

  19. Pilot Moncat: Making Way for Montana's Union Catalog. A Report of the Interlibrary Loan Committee of the Montana State Library Commission.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Givens, Beth

    A year-long study involving 29 libraries (11 public, 5 academic, 1 combined academic/public, 6 special, 1 combined public/school, and 5 school) was undertaken in FY 1984 to monitor the usage of an existing union catalog--the Washington Library Network Resource Directory--and determine what policies and protocols should be considered when preparing…

  20. Theoretical Background and Prognostic Modeling for Benchmarking SHM Sensors for Composite Structures

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-10-01

    minimum flaw size can be detected by the existing SHM based monitoring methods. Sandwich panels with foam , WebCore and honeycomb structures were...Whether it be hat stiffened, corrugated sandwich, honeycomb sandwich, or foam filled sandwich, all composite structures have one basic handicap in...based monitoring methods. Sandwich panels with foam , WebCore and honeycomb structures were considered for use in this study. Eigenmode frequency

  1. Machine-Building for Fuel and Energy Complex: Perspective Forms of Interaction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nikitenko, S. M.; Goosen, E. V.; Pakhomova, E. A.; Rozhkova, O. V.; Mesyats, M. A.

    2017-10-01

    The article is devoted to the study of the existing forms of cooperation between the authorities, business and science in the fuel and energy complex and the machine-building industry at the regional level. The possibilities of applying the concept of the “triple helix” and its multi-helix modifications for the implementation of the import substitution program for high- tech products have been considered.

  2. The impact of contact

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Finney, B.

    1986-10-01

    Scenarios of the impact on human society of radio contact with an extraterrestrial civilization are presented. Some believe that contact with advanced extraterrestrials would quickly devastate the human spirit, while others believe that these super-intelligent beings would show the inhabitants of the earth how to live in peace. It is proposed that the possible existence of extraterrestrial civilizations and the development of means of studying and communicating with them need to be considered.

  3. A testing-coverage software reliability model considering fault removal efficiency and error generation

    PubMed Central

    Li, Qiuying; Pham, Hoang

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we propose a software reliability model that considers not only error generation but also fault removal efficiency combined with testing coverage information based on a nonhomogeneous Poisson process (NHPP). During the past four decades, many software reliability growth models (SRGMs) based on NHPP have been proposed to estimate the software reliability measures, most of which have the same following agreements: 1) it is a common phenomenon that during the testing phase, the fault detection rate always changes; 2) as a result of imperfect debugging, fault removal has been related to a fault re-introduction rate. But there are few SRGMs in the literature that differentiate between fault detection and fault removal, i.e. they seldom consider the imperfect fault removal efficiency. But in practical software developing process, fault removal efficiency cannot always be perfect, i.e. the failures detected might not be removed completely and the original faults might still exist and new faults might be introduced meanwhile, which is referred to as imperfect debugging phenomenon. In this study, a model aiming to incorporate fault introduction rate, fault removal efficiency and testing coverage into software reliability evaluation is developed, using testing coverage to express the fault detection rate and using fault removal efficiency to consider the fault repair. We compare the performance of the proposed model with several existing NHPP SRGMs using three sets of real failure data based on five criteria. The results exhibit that the model can give a better fitting and predictive performance. PMID:28750091

  4. Hotspots of species richness, threat and endemism for terrestrial vertebrates in SW Europe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pascual, López-López; Luigi, Maiorano; Alessandra, Falcucci; Emilio, Barba; Luigi, Boitani

    2011-09-01

    The Mediterranean basin, and the Iberian Peninsula in particular, represent an outstanding "hotspot" of biological diversity with a long history of integration between natural ecosystems and human activities. Using deductive distribution models, and considering both Spain and Portugal, we downscaled traditional range maps for terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, breeding birds, mammals and reptiles) to the finest possible resolution with the data at hand, and we identified hotspots based on three criteria: i) species richness; ii) vulnerability, and iii) endemism. We also provided a first evaluation of the conservation status of biodiversity hotspots based on these three criteria considering both existing and proposed protected areas (i.e., Natura 2000). For the identification of hotspots, we used a method based on the cumulative distribution functions of species richness values. We found no clear surrogacy among the different types of hotspots in the Iberian Peninsula. The most important hotspots (considering all criteria) are located in the western and southwestern portions of the study area, in the Mediterranean biogeographical region. Existing protected areas are not specifically concentrated in areas of high species richness, with only 5.2% of the hotspots of total richness being currently protected. The Natura 2000 network can potentially constitute an important baseline for protecting vertebrate diversity in the Iberian Peninsula although further improvements are needed. We suggest taking a step forward in conservation planning in the Mediterranean basin, explicitly considering the history of the region as well as its present environmental context. This would allow moving from traditional reserve networks (conservation focused on "patterns") to considerations about the "processes" that generated present biodiversity.

  5. Research on robust optimization of emergency logistics network considering the time dependence characteristic

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    WANG, Qingrong; ZHU, Changfeng; LI, Ying; ZHANG, Zhengkun

    2017-06-01

    Considering the time dependence of emergency logistic network and complexity of the environment that the network exists in, in this paper the time dependent network optimization theory and robust discrete optimization theory are combined, and the emergency logistics dynamic network optimization model with characteristics of robustness is built to maximize the timeliness of emergency logistics. On this basis, considering the complexity of dynamic network and the time dependence of edge weight, an improved ant colony algorithm is proposed to realize the coupling of the optimization algorithm and the network time dependence and robustness. Finally, a case study has been carried out in order to testify validity of this robustness optimization model and its algorithm, and the value of different regulation factors was analyzed considering the importance of the value of the control factor in solving the optimal path. Analysis results show that this model and its algorithm above-mentioned have good timeliness and strong robustness.

  6. Semantic classification of urban buildings combining VHR image and GIS data: An improved random forest approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Shihong; Zhang, Fangli; Zhang, Xiuyuan

    2015-07-01

    While most existing studies have focused on extracting geometric information on buildings, only a few have concentrated on semantic information. The lack of semantic information cannot satisfy many demands on resolving environmental and social issues. This study presents an approach to semantically classify buildings into much finer categories than those of existing studies by learning random forest (RF) classifier from a large number of imbalanced samples with high-dimensional features. First, a two-level segmentation mechanism combining GIS and VHR image produces single image objects at a large scale and intra-object components at a small scale. Second, a semi-supervised method chooses a large number of unbiased samples by considering the spatial proximity and intra-cluster similarity of buildings. Third, two important improvements in RF classifier are made: a voting-distribution ranked rule for reducing the influences of imbalanced samples on classification accuracy and a feature importance measurement for evaluating each feature's contribution to the recognition of each category. Fourth, the semantic classification of urban buildings is practically conducted in Beijing city, and the results demonstrate that the proposed approach is effective and accurate. The seven categories used in the study are finer than those in existing work and more helpful to studying many environmental and social problems.

  7. A criterion for the existence of zero modes for the Pauli operator with fastly decaying fields

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benguria, R. D.; Van Den Bosch, H.

    2015-05-01

    We consider the Pauli operator in ℝ3 for magnetic fields in L3/2 that decay at infinity as |x|-2-β with β > 0. In this case, we are able to prove that the existence of a zero mode for this operator is equivalent to a quantity δ(B), defined below, being equal to zero. Complementing a result from Balinsky et al. [J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 34, L19-L23 (2001)], this implies that for the class of magnetic fields considered, Sobolev, Hardy, and Cwikel, Lieb, Rosenblum (CLR) inequalities hold whenever the magnetic field has no zero mode.

  8. Exploring the notion of space coupling propulsion

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Millis, Marc G.

    1990-01-01

    All existing methods of space propulsion are based on expelling a reaction mass (propellant) to induce motion. Alternatively, 'space coupling propulsion' refers to speculations about reacting with space-time itself to generate propulsive forces. Conceivably, the resulting increases in payload, range, and velocity would constitute a breakthrough in space propulsion. Such speculations are still considered science fiction for a number of reasons: (1) it appears to violate conservation of momentum; (2) no reactive media appear to exist in space; (3) no 'Grand Uniform Theories' exist to link gravity, an acceleration field, to other phenomena of nature such as electrodynamics. The rationale behind these objectives is the focus of interest. Various methods to either satisfy or explore these issues are presented along with secondary considerations. It is found that it may be useful to consider alternative conventions of science to further explore speculations of space coupling propulsion.

  9. Space transportation activities in the United States

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gabris, Edward A.

    1994-01-01

    The status of the existing space transportation systems in the U.S. and options for increased capability is being examined in the context of mission requirements, options for new vehicles, cost to operate the existing vehicles, cost to develop new vehicles, and the capabilities and plans of other suppliers. This assessment is addressing the need to build and resupply the space station, to maintain necessary military assets in a rapidly changing world, and to continue a competitive commercial space transportation industry. The Department of Defense (DOD) and NASA each conducted an 'access to space' study using a common mission model but with the emphasis on their unique requirements. Both studies considered three options: maintain and improve the existing capability, build a new launch vehicle using contemporary technology, and build a new launch vehicle using advanced technology. While no decisions have been made on a course of action, it will be influenced by the availability of funds in the U.S. budget, the changing need for military space assets, the increasing competition among space launch suppliers, and the emerging opportunity for an advanced technology, low cost system and international partnerships to develop it.

  10. What Are the Real Procedural Costs of Bariatric Surgery? A Systematic Literature Review of Published Cost Analyses.

    PubMed

    Doble, Brett; Wordsworth, Sarah; Rogers, Chris A; Welbourn, Richard; Byrne, James; Blazeby, Jane M

    2017-08-01

    This review aims to evaluate the current literature on the procedural costs of bariatric surgery for the treatment of severe obesity. Using a published framework for the conduct of micro-costing studies for surgical interventions, existing cost estimates from the literature are assessed for their accuracy, reliability and comprehensiveness based on their consideration of seven 'important' cost components. MEDLINE, PubMed, key journals and reference lists of included studies were searched up to January 2017. Eligible studies had to report per-case, total procedural costs for any type of bariatric surgery broken down into two or more individual cost components. A total of 998 citations were screened, of which 13 studies were included for analysis. Included studies were mainly conducted from a US hospital perspective, assessed either gastric bypass or adjustable gastric banding procedures and considered a range of different cost components. The mean total procedural costs for all included studies was US$14,389 (range, US$7423 to US$33,541). No study considered all of the recommended 'important' cost components and estimation methods were poorly reported. The accuracy, reliability and comprehensiveness of the existing cost estimates are, therefore, questionable. There is a need for a comparative cost analysis of the different approaches to bariatric surgery, with the most appropriate costing approach identified to be micro-costing methods. Such an analysis will not only be useful in estimating the relative cost-effectiveness of different surgeries but will also ensure appropriate reimbursement and budgeting by healthcare payers to ensure barriers to access this effective treatment by severely obese patients are minimised.

  11. More than the money: A review of the literature examining healthy volunteer motivations

    PubMed Central

    Stunkel, Leanne; Grady, Christine

    2016-01-01

    Background and Objective Few existing data report the motivations of healthy volunteers in clinical research trials. Some worry that volunteers consider only financial motivations. This study summarized and analyzed existing empirical research on self-reported motivations of healthy volunteers participating in studies not intended to offer benefit from participation. Study Selection A systematic PubMed search was conducted. Inclusion criteria captured English-language empirical studies on the self-reported motivations, reasons, or factors influencing the decision of healthy volunteers to enroll in clinical research. Twelve studies involving more than 2000 healthy volunteers met the criteria and were included in this review. Data Extraction Independent review by the authors and extraction of information about the sample, methodology and objective of the motivations study, description of the clinical trial and whether participation was actual or hypothetical, reported primary and secondary motivations of the healthy volunteers, risk evaluation, and reported differences in motivations related to sociodemographic variables. Results This review showed that although financial reward is the primary motivation for healthy volunteers to participate in clinical trials, financial motivations are one among many other reported motivations, including contributing to science or the health of others, accessing ancillary healthcare benefits, scientific interest or interest in the goals of the study, as well as meeting people and curiosity. Volunteers consider risk when making a decision about participation. Conclusions Although financial incentives are important in recruiting healthy volunteers, their motivations are not limited to financial motivations. Further research is needed to examine motivations in different contexts and countries, the decision making of healthy volunteers, and the dynamics of repeat participation. PMID:21146635

  12. 29 CFR 2510.3-37 - Multiemployer plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...)-(iv). The purpose of this regulation is to establish such requirements. (b) Plans in existence before the effective date. (1) A plan in existence before September 2, 1974, will be considered a multiemployer plan if it satisfies the requirements of section 3(37)(A)(i)-(iv) of the Act. (2) For purposes of...

  13. 29 CFR 2510.3-37 - Multiemployer plan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...)-(iv). The purpose of this regulation is to establish such requirements. (b) Plans in existence before the effective date. (1) A plan in existence before September 2, 1974, will be considered a multiemployer plan if it satisfies the requirements of section 3(37)(A)(i)-(iv) of the Act. (2) For purposes of...

  14. Do Native American Culture, Life Experiences, Physics and the Bible Provide Supportive Evidence For Julian Barbour's Thesis About Anachronisms Relating to The End of Time?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mears, Paul C.; Mc Leod, Roger D.

    2002-10-01

    Historic, and current Native American attitude considers that time can be considered in a cyclic sense that contrasts against a majority view of physicists that time varies in a linear algebraic sense. Precognition experiences offer evidence that time has a more subtle substance. The Bible clearly delineates "prophetic awareness of the future." Embedded "Bible codes" are touted as mathematical evidence for the existence of God. His existence is better served if "past-tense" information of events can propagate backward relative to our "present-tense" time. Barbour, p39: [some] " physicists entertain the idea time truly does not exist applies to motion .suggestion; it too is pure illusion." The concept of prophecy has been interpreted as evidence or "proof" of the existence of "Manitou" or God. Our interpretation is that, according to Native American legends, or the Bible, for as yet unspecified reasons, time behaves as though it can convey information in a backward, or forward, sense. It is like an f (t ± ti).

  15. Autobalancing of a rigid rotor in viscoelastic orthotropic supports considering eccentricity of the automatic ball balancer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bykov, V. G.; Kovachev, A. S.

    2018-05-01

    A statically unbalanced rotor in viscoelastic orthotropic supports equipped with an automatic ball balancer (ABB), the axis of symmetry of which does not coincide with the symmetry axis of the rotor, is considered. Based on an analysis of the equations describing the stationary modes of motion of the system, the principal impossibility of complete balancing of the rotor is shown. The possibility of the existence of two types of stationary modes is established, one of which has a constant average amplitude of residual vibration equal to the eccentricity of the ABB. The solution corresponding to this almost balanced mode is constructed analytically. A study is made of its asymptotic stability.

  16. Modeling of information flows in natural gas storage facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ranjbari, Leyla; Bahar, Arifah; Aziz, Zainal Abdul

    2013-09-01

    The paper considers the natural-gas storage valuation based on the information-based pricing framework of Brody-Hughston-Macrina (BHM). As opposed to many studies which the associated filtration is considered pre-specified, this work tries to construct the filtration in terms of the information provided to the market. The value of the storage is given by the sum of the discounted expectations of the cash flows under risk-neutral measure, conditional to the constructed filtration with the Brownian bridge noise term. In order to model the flow of information about the cash flows, we assume the existence of a fixed pricing kernel with liquid, homogenous and incomplete market without arbitrage.

  17. Comparative ruralism and 'opening new windows' on gentrification.

    PubMed

    Phillips, Martin; Smith, Darren P

    2018-03-01

    In response to the five commentaries on our paper 'Comparative approaches to gentrification: lessons from the rural', we open up more 'windows' on rural gentrification and its urban counterpart. First, we highlight the issues of metrocentricity and urbanormativity within gentrification studies, highlighting their employment by our commentators. Second, we consider the issue of displacement and its operation within rural space, as well as gentrification as a coping strategy for neoliberal existence and connections to more-than-human natures. Finally, we consider questions of scale, highlighting the need to avoid naturalistic conceptions of scale and arguing that attention could be paid to the role of material practices, symbolizations and lived experiences in producing scaled geographies of rural and urban gentrification.

  18. Modern Methods of Rail Welding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kozyrev, Nikolay A.; Kozyreva, Olga A.; Usoltsev, Aleksander A.; Kryukov, Roman E.; Shevchenko, Roman A.

    2017-10-01

    Existing methods of rail welding, which are enable to get continuous welded rail track, are observed in this article. Analysis of existing welding methods allows considering an issue of continuous rail track in detail. Metallurgical and welding technologies of rail welding and also process technologies reducing aftereffects of temperature exposure are important factors determining the quality and reliability of the continuous rail track. Analysis of the existing methods of rail welding enable to find the research line for solving this problem.

  19. 2D Slightly Compressible Ideal Flow in an Exterior Domain

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Secchi, Paolo

    2006-12-01

    We consider the Euler equations of barotropic inviscid compressible fluids in the exterior domain. It is well known that, as the Mach number goes to zero, the compressible flows approximate the solution of the equations of motion of inviscid, incompressible fluids. In dimension 2 such limit solution exists on any arbitrary time interval, with no restriction on the size of the initial data. It is then natural to expect the same for the compressible solution, if the Mach number is sufficiently small. First we study the life span of smooth irrotational solutions, i.e. the largest time interval T(ɛ) of existence of classical solutions, when the initial data are a small perturbation of size ɛ from a constant state. Then, we study the nonlinear interaction between the irrotational part and the incompressible part of a general solution. This analysis yields the existence of smooth compressible flow on any arbitrary time interval and with no restriction on the size of the initial velocity, for any Mach number sufficiently small. Finally, the approach is applied to the study of the incompressible limit. For the proofs we use a combination of energy estimates and a decay estimate for the irrotational part.

  20. Shifting Paradigms to Better Serve Twice-Exceptional African-American Learners

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Owens, Charissa M.; Ford, Donna Y.; Lisbon, April J.; Owens, Michael T.

    2016-01-01

    Existing research on students with twice-exceptional abilities concentrates on strategies to improve the educational experiences of individuals who demonstrate the comorbid presence of a talent for high academic achievement (often considered a strength) and a disability (often considered a weakness). However, this body of work typically excludes…

  1. 76 FR 58286 - Notice of Availability of Draft Programmatic Environmental Assessment for the Nationwide...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-20

    ... the comment, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review a... this mandate through the development and transformation of approximately 35 existing Coast Guard Sector... considered for reconfiguration to IOCs. Addresses of Sector Locations Considered for Transformation to IOC...

  2. This Time, Let's Put Energy Conservation on the Blueprint for New Schools.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hansen, Shirley J.

    1985-01-01

    With a new round of school construction on the horizon, planners must consider such energy conservation measures as placing energy consumption limitations in design specifications, retaining experienced engineers, using staff expertise, considering boilers offering fuel options, seeking outside assistance, resisting use of existing plans, and…

  3. Library Automation: Guidelines to Costing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ford, Geoffrey

    As with all new programs, the costs associated with library automation must be carefully considered before implementation. This document suggests guidelines to be followed and areas to be considered in the costing of library procedures. An existing system model has been suggested as a standard (Appendix A) and a classification of library tasks…

  4. Nonlinear waves in repulsive media supported by spatially localized parity-time-symmetric potentials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Devassy, Lini; Jisha, Chandroth P.; Alberucci, Alessandro; Kuriakose, V. C.

    2017-06-01

    We study the existence, stability and dynamics of solitons in a PT-symmetric potential in the presence of a local defocusing nonlinearity. For the sake of concreteness, we refer to Bose-Einstein condensates, where defocusing nonlinearity stems from a repulsive inter-particle interaction. Two kinds of transverse profiles for the gain-loss mechanism, i.e., the imaginary part of the potential, are considered. Differently from the attractive inter-particle interaction, solitons exist only inside a narrow band of chemical potential and particle number. The existence region shrinks as the magnitude of the gain-loss is increased, with the soliton ceasing to exist above the linear exceptional point, that is, the point at which PT symmetry is broken. Using linear stability analysis together with full numerical simulations of the Gross-Pitaevskii equation, we show that solitons survive on temporal scales much longer than the diffusion time. For magnitude of gain-loss close to the exceptional point, stability depends on the transverse profile of the gain-loss mechanism and the magnitude of the nonlinear excitation.

  5. Do hip muscle weakness and dynamic knee valgus matter for the clinical evaluation and decision-making process in patients with patellofemoral pain?

    PubMed

    Rabelo, Nayra Deise Dos Anjos; Lucareli, Paulo Roberto Garcia

    Patellofemoral pain is a very common musculoskeletal condition. In the last years, evidence regarding this disease increased exponentially. Although widely investigated, this problem still frustrates patients and clinicians for having an unfavorable prognosis. Some gaps still exist in the understanding and managing of patellofemoral pain. Numerous cross-sectional association studies show an association between gluteus muscular strength and dynamic knee valgus in patients with patellofemoral pain. In spite of this biological plausibility, many evidences challenge the direct relationship between these factors. Recent studies have concluded that women with patellofemoral pain show muscular weakness of the hip based on the cross-sectional studies, however prospective studies indicate that hip weakness cannot be considered a risk for development of patellofemoral pain. In addition, some clinical trials have demonstrated that strength training of the gluteal muscles promotes significant improvement in symptoms but not alter the kinematics of the patients with patellofemoral pain. These findings cast doubt on whether the cause of this condition is really being treated, whether all individuals suffering from patellofemoral pain present dynamic knee valgus or if this is a disturbance present in only a subgroup of patients and whether the strengthening of the hip musculature is an option to consider for prevention of patellofemoral pain. Certainly, more studies should be conducted to clarify the influence of mechanical patterns on this condition, but with the existing evidence so far, the importance given to these issues in the evaluation and clinical decision on treatment of these patients seems questionable. Therefore, this masterclass explores the understanding about patellofemoral pain, highlighting mainly the importance of muscular strength and dynamic knee valgus, as well as other possible factors that must be consider during the evaluation and the decision making in these patients. Copyright © 2017 Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Fisioterapia. Publicado por Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

  6. The impact of heterogeneous response on coupled spreading dynamics in multiplex networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nie, Xiaoyu; Tang, Ming; Zou, Yong; Guan, Shuguang; Zhou, Jie

    2017-10-01

    Many recent studies have demonstrated that individual awareness of disease may significantly affect the spreading process of infectious disease. In the majority of these studies, the response of the awareness is generally treated homogeneously. Considering of diversity and heterogeneity in the human behavior which widely exist under different circumstances, in this paper we study heterogeneous response when people are aware of the prevalence of infectious diseases. Specifically, we consider that an individual with more neighbors may take more preventive measures as a reaction when he is aware of the disease. A suppression strength is introduced to describe such heterogeneity, and we find that a more evident heterogeneity may cause a more effective suppressing effect to the spreading of epidemics. A mean-field theory is developed to support the results which are verified on the multiplex networks with different interlayer degree correlation.

  7. Components of cognitive competence predictive of occupational competence in persons with dementia: a Delphi study.

    PubMed

    Zur, Briana M; Rudman, Debbie Laliberte; Johnson, Andrew M; Roy, Eric A; Wells, Jennie L

    2013-04-01

    Within the area of dementia care, occupational therapists are asked to predict occupational competence in everyday living and often do so by assessing cognitive competence. Considering the cognitive changes that occur with dementia over time, the construct of cognitive competence is a key consideration. Still, a gap exists in the literature examining the relationship between cognitive competence and occupational competence. This study developed a consensus among participating Canadian occupational therapists regarding the components of cognitive competence they considered essential to predict occupational competence in people with dementia. A three-round Delphi study was completed with English- and French-speaking occupational therapists (n = 127; 116; 125) experienced in dementia care. Ten cognitive components were identified as essential to predict occupational competence in individuals with dementia. The 10 identified components provide direction for assessment practices and education in dementia care and for development of measurement tools.

  8. Perceptual full-reference quality assessment of stereoscopic images by considering binocular visual characteristics.

    PubMed

    Shao, Feng; Lin, Weisi; Gu, Shanbo; Jiang, Gangyi; Srikanthan, Thambipillai

    2013-05-01

    Perceptual quality assessment is a challenging issue in 3D signal processing research. It is important to study 3D signal directly instead of studying simple extension of the 2D metrics directly to the 3D case as in some previous studies. In this paper, we propose a new perceptual full-reference quality assessment metric of stereoscopic images by considering the binocular visual characteristics. The major technical contribution of this paper is that the binocular perception and combination properties are considered in quality assessment. To be more specific, we first perform left-right consistency checks and compare matching error between the corresponding pixels in binocular disparity calculation, and classify the stereoscopic images into non-corresponding, binocular fusion, and binocular suppression regions. Also, local phase and local amplitude maps are extracted from the original and distorted stereoscopic images as features in quality assessment. Then, each region is evaluated independently by considering its binocular perception property, and all evaluation results are integrated into an overall score. Besides, a binocular just noticeable difference model is used to reflect the visual sensitivity for the binocular fusion and suppression regions. Experimental results show that compared with the relevant existing metrics, the proposed metric can achieve higher consistency with subjective assessment of stereoscopic images.

  9. Knowledge is power: how conceptual knowledge transforms visual cognition.

    PubMed

    Collins, Jessica A; Olson, Ingrid R

    2014-08-01

    In this review, we synthesize the existing literature demonstrating the dynamic interplay between conceptual knowledge and visual perceptual processing. We consider two theoretical frameworks that demonstrate interactions between processes and brain areas traditionally considered perceptual or conceptual. Specifically, we discuss categorical perception, in which visual objects are represented according to category membership, and highlight studies showing that category knowledge can penetrate early stages of visual analysis. We next discuss the embodied account of conceptual knowledge, which holds that concepts are instantiated in the same neural regions required for specific types of perception and action, and discuss the limitations of this framework. We additionally consider studies showing that gaining abstract semantic knowledge about objects and faces leads to behavioral and electrophysiological changes that are indicative of more efficient stimulus processing. Finally, we consider the role that perceiver goals and motivation may play in shaping the interaction between conceptual and perceptual processing. We hope to demonstrate how pervasive such interactions between motivation, conceptual knowledge, and perceptual processing are in our understanding of the visual environment, and to demonstrate the need for future research aimed at understanding how such interactions arise in the brain.

  10. Efficiency of protected areas in Amazon and Atlantic Forest conservation: A spatio-temporal view

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sobral-Souza, Thadeu; Vancine, Maurício Humberto; Ribeiro, Milton Cezar; Lima-Ribeiro, Matheus S.

    2018-02-01

    The Amazon and Atlantic Forest are considered the world's most biodiverse biomes. Human and climate change impacts are the principal drivers of species loss in both biomes, more severely in the Atlantic Forest. In response to species loss, the main conservation action is the creation of protected areas (PAs). Current knowledge and research on the PA network's conservation efficiency is scarce, and existing studies have mainly considered a past temporal view. In this study, we tested the efficiency of the current PA network to maintain climatically stable areas (CSAs) across the Amazon and Atlantic Forest. To this, we used an ecological niche modeling approach to biome and paleoclimatic simulations. We propose three categories of conservation priority areas for both biomes, considering CSAs, PAs and intact forest remnants. The biomes vary in their respective PA networks' protection efficiency. Regarding protect CSAs, the Amazon PA network is four times more efficient than the Atlantic Forest PA network. New conservation efforts in these two forest biomes require different approaches. We discussed the conservation actions that should be taken in each biome to increase the efficiency of the PA network, considering both the creation and expansion of PAs as well as restoration programs.

  11. Model Predictive Control considering Reachable Range of Wheels for Leg / Wheel Mobile Robots

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suzuki, Naito; Nonaka, Kenichiro; Sekiguchi, Kazuma

    2016-09-01

    Obstacle avoidance is one of the important tasks for mobile robots. In this paper, we study obstacle avoidance control for mobile robots equipped with four legs comprised of three DoF SCARA leg/wheel mechanism, which enables the robot to change its shape adapting to environments. Our previous method achieves obstacle avoidance by model predictive control (MPC) considering obstacle size and lateral wheel positions. However, this method does not ensure existence of joint angles which achieves reference wheel positions calculated by MPC. In this study, we propose a model predictive control considering reachable mobile ranges of wheels positions by combining multiple linear constraints, where each reachable mobile range is approximated as a convex trapezoid. Thus, we achieve to formulate a MPC as a quadratic problem with linear constraints for nonlinear problem of longitudinal and lateral wheel position control. By optimization of MPC, the reference wheel positions are calculated, while each joint angle is determined by inverse kinematics. Considering reachable mobile ranges explicitly, the optimal joint angles are calculated, which enables wheels to reach the reference wheel positions. We verify its advantages by comparing the proposed method with the previous method through numerical simulations.

  12. Knowledge is Power: How Conceptual Knowledge Transforms Visual Cognition

    PubMed Central

    Collins, Jessica A.; Olson, Ingrid R.

    2014-01-01

    In this review we synthesize the existing literature demonstrating the dynamic interplay between conceptual knowledge and visual perceptual processing. We consider two theoretical frameworks demonstrating interactions between processes and brain areas traditionally considered perceptual or conceptual. Specifically, we discuss categorical perception, in which visual objects are represented according to category membership, and highlight studies showing that category knowledge can penetrate early stages of visual analysis. We next discuss the embodied account of conceptual knowledge, which holds that concepts are instantiated in the same neural regions required for specific types of perception and action, and discuss the limitations of this framework. We additionally consider studies showing that gaining abstract semantic knowledge about objects and faces leads to behavioral and electrophysiological changes that are indicative of more efficient stimulus processing. Finally, we consider the role that perceiver goals and motivation may play in shaping the interaction between conceptual and perceptual processing. We hope to demonstrate how pervasive such interactions between motivation, conceptual knowledge, and perceptual processing are to our understanding of the visual environment, and demonstrate the need for future research aimed at understanding how such interactions arise in the brain. PMID:24402731

  13. Assessing the Queuing Process Using Data Envelopment Analysis: an Application in Health Centres.

    PubMed

    Safdar, Komal A; Emrouznejad, Ali; Dey, Prasanta K

    2016-01-01

    Queuing is one of the very important criteria for assessing the performance and efficiency of any service industry, including healthcare. Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) is one of the most widely-used techniques for performance measurement in healthcare. However, no queue management application has been reported in the health-related DEA literature. Most of the studies regarding patient flow systems had the objective of improving an already existing Appointment System. The current study presents a novel application of DEA for assessing the queuing process at an Outpatients' department of a large public hospital in a developing country where appointment systems do not exist. The main aim of the current study is to demonstrate the usefulness of DEA modelling in the evaluation of a queue system. The patient flow pathway considered for this study consists of two stages; consultation with a doctor and pharmacy. The DEA results indicated that waiting times and other related queuing variables included need considerable minimisation at both stages.

  14. Identification of influential users by neighbors in online social networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sheikhahmadi, Amir; Nematbakhsh, Mohammad Ali; Zareie, Ahmad

    2017-11-01

    Identification and ranking of influential users in social networks for the sake of news spreading and advertising has recently become an attractive field of research. Given the large number of users in social networks and also the various relations that exist among them, providing an effective method to identify influential users has been gradually considered as an essential factor. In most of the already-provided methods, those users who are located in an appropriate structural position of the network are regarded as influential users. These methods do not usually pay attention to the interactions among users, and also consider those relations as being binary in nature. This paper, therefore, proposes a new method to identify influential users in a social network by considering those interactions that exist among the users. Since users tend to act within the frame of communities, the network is initially divided into different communities. Then the amount of interaction among users is used as a parameter to set the weight of relations existing within the network. Afterward, by determining the neighbors' role for each user, a two-level method is proposed for both detecting users' influence and also ranking them. Simulation and experimental results on twitter data shows that those users who are selected by the proposed method, comparing to other existing ones, are distributed in a more appropriate distance. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms the other ones in terms of both the influential speed and capacity of the users it selects.

  15. Enhanced model of photovoltaic cell/panel/array considering the direct and reverse modes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zegaoui, Abdallah; Boutoubat, Mohamed; Sawicki, Jean-Paul; Kessaissia, Fatma Zohra; Djahbar, Abdelkader; Aillerie, Michel

    2018-05-01

    This paper presents an improved generalized physical model for photovoltaic, PV cells, panels and arrays taking into account the behavior of these devices when considering their biasing existing in direct and reverse modes. Existing PV physical models generally are very efficient for simulating influence of irradiation changes on the short circuit current but they could not visualize the influences of temperature changes. The Enhanced Direct and Reverse Mode model, named EDRM model, enlightens the influence on the short-circuit current of both temperature and irradiation in the reverse mode of the considered PV devices. Due to its easy implementation, the proposed model can be a useful power tool for the development of new photovoltaic systems taking into account and in a more exhaustive manner, environmental conditions. The developed model was tested on a marketed PV panel and it gives a satisfactory results compared with parameters given in the manufacturer datasheet.

  16. FIND: difFerential chromatin INteractions Detection using a spatial Poisson process

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Yang; Zhang, Michael Q.

    2018-01-01

    Polymer-based simulations and experimental studies indicate the existence of a spatial dependency between the adjacent DNA fibers involved in the formation of chromatin loops. However, the existing strategies for detecting differential chromatin interactions assume that the interacting segments are spatially independent from the other segments nearby. To resolve this issue, we developed a new computational method, FIND, which considers the local spatial dependency between interacting loci. FIND uses a spatial Poisson process to detect differential chromatin interactions that show a significant difference in their interaction frequency and the interaction frequency of their neighbors. Simulation and biological data analysis show that FIND outperforms the widely used count-based methods and has a better signal-to-noise ratio. PMID:29440282

  17. Psychological Pathways Linking Social Support to Health Outcomes: A Visit with the “Ghosts” of Research Past, Present, and Future

    PubMed Central

    Uchino, Bert N.; Bowen, Kimberly; Carlisle, McKenzie; Birmingham, Wendy

    2012-01-01

    Contemporary models postulate the importance of psychological mechanisms linking perceived and received social support to physical health outcomes. In this review, we examine studies that directly tested the potential psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and health-relevant physiological processes (1980s to 2010). Inconsistent with existing theoretical models, no evidence was found that psychological mechanisms such as depression, perceived stress, and other affective processes are directly responsible for links between support and health. We discuss the importance of considering statistical/design issues, emerging conceptual perspectives, and limitations of our existing models for future research aimed at elucidating the psychological mechanisms responsible for links between social support and physical health outcomes. PMID:22326104

  18. Power law f(𝒢,T) gravity models supporting wormhole solutions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shamir, M. Farasat; Ahmad, Mushtaq

    This work provides some feasible regions for the existence of traversable wormhole geometries in modified f(𝒢,T) gravity. For this purpose, three different matter contents have been studied with special emphasis on anisotropic fluid by considering a specific f(𝒢,T) gravity power law model. It has been shown that the null energy conditions for the effective energy-momentum tensor are widely violated for the ordinary matter content. However, some small feasible regions to support the wormhole solutions have been noted. Furthermore, the stability of the anisotropic feasible regions for the wormhole solutions has been discussed. It is concluded that the wormhole geometries threaded by the ordinary matter actually exist and are well stable in f(𝒢,T) gravity.

  19. Modeling spatial competition for light in plant populations with the porous medium equation.

    PubMed

    Beyer, Robert; Etard, Octave; Cournède, Paul-Henry; Laurent-Gengoux, Pascal

    2015-02-01

    We consider a plant's local leaf area index as a spatially continuous variable, subject to particular reaction-diffusion dynamics of allocation, senescence and spatial propagation. The latter notably incorporates the plant's tendency to form new leaves in bright rather than shaded locations. Applying a generalized Beer-Lambert law allows to link existing foliage to production dynamics. The approach allows for inter-individual variability and competition for light while maintaining robustness-a key weakness of comparable existing models. The analysis of the single plant case leads to a significant simplification of the system's key equation when transforming it into the well studied porous medium equation. Confronting the theoretical model to experimental data of sugar beet populations, differing in configuration density, demonstrates its accuracy.

  20. Simulation of existing gas-fuelled conventional steam power plant using Cycle Tempo

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jamel, M. S.; Abd Rahman, A.; Shamsuddin, A. H.

    2013-06-01

    Simulation of a 200 MW gas-fuelled conventional steam power plant located in Basra, Iraq was carried out. The thermodynamic performance of the considered power plant is estimated by a system simulation. A flow-sheet computer program, "Cycle-Tempo" is used for the study. The plant components and piping systems were considered and described in detail. The simulation results were verified against data gathered from the log sheet obtained from the station during its operation hours and good results were obtained. Operational factors like the stack exhaust temperature and excess air percentage were studied and discussed, as were environmental factors, such as ambient air temperature and water inlet temperature. In addition, detailed exergy losses were illustrated and describe the temperature profiles for the main plant components. The results prompted many suggestions for improvement of the plant performance.

  1. Rotating a curvaton brane in a warped throat

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, Jun; Piao, Yun-Song; Cai, Yi-Fu, E-mail: zhangjun408@mails.gucas.ac.cn, E-mail: caiyf@ihep.ac.cn, E-mail: yspiao@gucas.ac.cn

    2010-05-01

    In this paper we study a curvaton model obtained by considering a probe anti-D3-brane with angular motion at the bottom of a KS throat with approximate isometries. We calculate the spectrum of curvature perturbations and the non-Gaussianities of this model. Specifically, we consider the limit of relativistic rotation of the curvaton brane which leads to a small sound speed, and thus it can be viewed as an implementation of the DBI-curvaton mechanism. We find that the primordial power spectrum is nearly scale-invariant while the non-Gaussianity of local type is sizable and that of equilateral type is usually large and negative.more » Moreover, we study both the theoretical and observational constraints on this model, and find that there exists a sizable allowed region for the phase space of this model.« less

  2. Report on Integration of Existing Grid Models for N-R HES Interaction Focused on Balancing Authorities for Sub-hour Penalties and Opportunities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McJunkin, Timothy; Epiney, Aaron; Rabiti, Cristian

    2017-06-01

    This report provides a summary of the effort in the Nuclear-Renewable Hybrid Energy System (N-R HES) project on the level 4 milestone to consider integration of existing grid models into the factors for optimization on shorter time intervals than the existing electric grid models with the Risk Analysis Virtual Environment (RAVEN) and Modelica [1] optimizations and economic analysis that are the focus of the project to date.

  3. Correlates of weight stigma in adults with overweight and obesity: A systematic literature review.

    PubMed

    Papadopoulos, Stephanie; Brennan, Leah

    2015-09-01

    While evidence regarding associations between weight stigma and biopsychosocial outcomes is accumulating, outcomes are considered in isolation. Thus, little is known about their complex relationships. This article extends existing work by systematically reviewing the biopsychosocial consequences of stigma in adults with overweight/obesity. Articles were identified through Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Independent extraction of articles was conducted using predefined data fields, including data on biopsychosocial correlates in each study. Twenty-three studies published from 2001 and addressing correlates of stigma in adults with overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg m(-2); 18-65 years) were identified. Numerous biopsychosocial correlates of weight stigma were studied, particularly in treatment-seeking individuals. Available research shows that weight stigma is consistently associated with medication non-adherence, mental health, anxiety, perceived stress, antisocial behavior, substance use, coping strategies, and social support. Biopsychosocial correlates were not considered in combination in research. Psychological correlates were well documented in comparison to biological and social correlates for each weight stigma type. There were some indications that associations are stronger once stigma is internalized. While there is evidence for biopsychosocial correlates of weight stigma, these are not considered in combination in research; thus their inter-relationships are unknown. Conclusions from the review are limited by this and the small number of studies, types of designs, and variables considered. © 2015 The Obesity Society.

  4. A Study of Failure Criteria of Fibrous Composite Materials

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Paris, Federico; Jackson, Karen E. (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    The research described in this paper is focused on two areas: (1) evaluation of existing composite failure criteria in the nonlinear, explicit transient dynamic finite element code, MSC.Dytran, and (2) exploration of the possibilities for modification of material and failure models to account for large deformations, progressive failure, and interaction of damage accumulation with stress/strain response of laminated composites. Following a review of the MSC.Dytran user manual, a bibliographical review of existing failure criteria of composites was performed. The papers considered most interesting for the objective of this report are discussed in section 2. The failure criteria included in the code under consideration are discussed in section 3. A critical summary of the present procedures to perform analysis and design of composites is presented in section 4. A study of the most important historical failure criteria for fibrous composite materials and some of the more recent modifications proposed were studied. The result of this analysis highlighted inadequacies in the existing failure criteria and the need to perform some numerical analyses to elucidate the answer to questions on which some of the proposed criteria are based. A summary of these ideas, which is a proposal of studies to be developed, is presented in section 5. Finally, some ideas for future developments are summarized in section 6.

  5. 40 CFR 60.562-2 - Standards: Equipment leaks of VOC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... from bleed ports in existing pumps in light liquid service are not considered to be a leak as defined... feature of the pump whereby polymer fluid used to provide lubrication and/or cooling of the pump shaft exits the pump, thereby resulting in a visible leak of fluid. This exemption expires when the existing...

  6. 40 CFR 60.562-2 - Standards: Equipment leaks of VOC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... from bleed ports in existing pumps in light liquid service are not considered to be a leak as defined... feature of the pump whereby polymer fluid used to provide lubrication and/or cooling of the pump shaft exits the pump, thereby resulting in a visible leak of fluid. This exemption expires when the existing...

  7. 40 CFR 60.562-2 - Standards: Equipment leaks of VOC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... from bleed ports in existing pumps in light liquid service are not considered to be a leak as defined... feature of the pump whereby polymer fluid used to provide lubrication and/or cooling of the pump shaft exits the pump, thereby resulting in a visible leak of fluid. This exemption expires when the existing...

  8. 40 CFR 60.562-2 - Standards: Equipment leaks of VOC.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... from bleed ports in existing pumps in light liquid service are not considered to be a leak as defined... feature of the pump whereby polymer fluid used to provide lubrication and/or cooling of the pump shaft exits the pump, thereby resulting in a visible leak of fluid. This exemption expires when the existing...

  9. How Theory-Building Research on Instruction Can Support Instructional Improvement: Toward a Modelling Perspective in Secondary Geometry

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Herbst, Patricio

    2016-01-01

    How can basic research on mathematics instruction contribute to instructional improvement? In our research on the practical rationality of geometry teaching we describe existing instruction and examine how existing instruction responds to perturbations. In this talk I consider the proposal that geometry instruction could be improved by infusing it…

  10. Neutrino Physics

    DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

    Lederman, L. M.

    1963-01-09

    The prediction and verification of the neutrino are reviewed, together with the V A theory for its interactions (particularly the difficulties with the apparent existence of two neutrinos and the high energy cross section). The Brookhaven experiment confirming the existence of two neutrinos and the cross section increase with momentum is then described, and future neutrino experiments are considered. (D.C.W.)

  11. 47 CFR 1.1935 - Obtaining the services of a hearing official.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... under this section is considered to be an official certification regarding the existence and amount of the debt for purposes of executing salary offset under 5 U.S.C. 5514. A creditor agency may make a... regarding the existence and amount of the debt based on the certification of a hearing official. If a...

  12. 47 CFR 1.1935 - Obtaining the services of a hearing official.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... under this section is considered to be an official certification regarding the existence and amount of the debt for purposes of executing salary offset under 5 U.S.C. 5514. A creditor agency may make a... regarding the existence and amount of the debt based on the certification of a hearing official. If a...

  13. 40 CFR 63.11194 - What is the affected source of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... requirements of this subpart after June 4, 2010 due to a fuel switch from gaseous fuel to solid fossil fuel, biomass, or liquid fuel is considered to be an existing source under this subpart as long as the boiler... applicability criteria at the time you commence reconstruction. (e) An existing dual-fuel fired boiler meeting...

  14. 40 CFR 63.11194 - What is the affected source of this subpart?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... requirements of this subpart after June 4, 2010 due to a fuel switch from gaseous fuel to solid fossil fuel, biomass, or liquid fuel is considered to be an existing source under this subpart as long as the boiler... applicability criteria at the time you commence reconstruction. (e) An existing dual-fuel fired boiler meeting...

  15. A lower bound on the solutions of Kapustin-Witten equations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Huang, Teng

    2016-11-01

    In this article, we consider the Kapustin-Witten equations on a closed four-manifold. We study certain analytic properties of solutions to the equations on a closed manifold. The main result is that there exists an L2 -lower bound on the extra fields over a closed four-manifold satisfying certain conditions if the connections are not ASD connections. Furthermore, we also obtain a similar result about the Vafa-Witten equations.

  16. de Sitter geodesics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cotăescu, Ion I.

    2017-12-01

    The geodesics on the (1 + 3)-dimensional de Sitter (dS) spacetime are considered studying how their parameters are determined by the conserved quantities in the conformal Euclidean, Friedmann-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker, de Sitter-Painlevé and static local charts with Cartesian space coordinates. Moreover, it is shown that there exists a special static chart in which the geodesics are genuine hyperbolas whose asymptotes are given by the conserved momentum and the associated dual momentum.

  17. Darwin in disguise.

    PubMed

    Derry, J F

    2009-02-01

    Darwinism appears in many more academic areas than just evolutionary biology. New disciplines are created out of its fusion with existing fields of study. However, this practise is criticised for a lack of evidence-based justification, and for adopting gene-oriented reductionism in the social sciences. This article briefly considers seven examples of new disciplines for which Darwinism has been appropriated. In each case, succinct background information precedes quotes provided for this purpose by a leading researcher.

  18. Dynamical behavior for the three-dimensional generalized Hasegawa-Mima equations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang Ruifeng; Guo Boling; Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, P.O. Box 8009, Beijing 100088

    2007-01-15

    The long time behavior of solution of the three-dimensional generalized Hasegawa-Mima [Phys. Fluids 21, 87 (1978)] equations with dissipation term is considered. The global attractor problem of the three-dimensional generalized Hasegawa-Mima equations with periodic boundary condition was studied. Applying the method of uniform a priori estimates, the existence of global attractor of this problem was proven, and also the dimensions of the global attractor are estimated.

  19. A Study of Comparative Management Styles in Japan and Korea.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-06-01

    of temporary employees. These temporary workers are mostly women . Even today, it is not common that a major Japanese firm will hire women into...professional jobs except a few labor-intensive industries. Women workers are gener- ally considered temporary employees and are the first to be laid off in...primarily as suppliers to the major firms. The combination of bonus payments, temporary employ- ment of women workers, and existence of small firms

  20. A Benchmarking Study of Air Force Program Manager Competencies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-03-01

    New tools and techniques are needed for managing complex projects. • There is an inevitability of scope creep, especially if the project is...workforce could be reshaped. The Task Force identified new initiatives as well as existing DOD programs that were considered innovative approaches to...projected growth of its civilian workforce in order to keep civilian staffing at fiscal 2010 levels (AF News , 2011). One person hired for every two new

  1. Transversely bounded DFB lasers. [bounded distributed-feedback lasers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Elachi, C.; Evans, G.; Yeh, C.

    1975-01-01

    Bounded distributed-feedback (DFB) lasers are studied in detail. Threshold gain and field distribution for a number of configurations are derived and analyzed. More specifically, the thin-film guide, fiber, diffusion guide, and hollow channel with inhomogeneous-cladding DFB lasers are considered. Optimum points exist and must be used in DFB laser design. Different-modes feedback and the effects of the transverse boundaries are included. A number of applications are also discussed.

  2. Error enhancement in geomagnetic models derived from scalar data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stern, D. P.; Bredekamp, J. H.

    1975-01-01

    An investigation conducted by Backus (1970) regarding the possible existence of two harmonic functions of certain characteristics in three-dimensional space is considered. The derivation of a model of the main geomagnetic field from scalar data is discussed along with a numerical simulation study. It is found that experimental discrepancies between vector field observations and the predictions of the model may have a mathematical origin, related to the work of Backus.

  3. Scale invariant hairy black holes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Banados, Maximo; Theisen, Stefan

    Scalar fields coupled to three-dimensional gravity are considered. We uncover a scaling symmetry present in the black hole reduced action, and use it to prove a Smarr formula valid for any potential. We also prove that nonrotating hairy black holes exists only for positive total energy. The extension to higher dimensions is also considered.

  4. Drugs in the Womb: College Student Perceptions of Maternal v. Fetal Rights.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vener, Arthur M.; And Others

    1992-01-01

    Surveyed 523 undergraduates regarding drug use during pregnancy. Rank order of relative safety of drugs existed for respondents. Tobacco, alcohol, and aspirin were perceived as similar in their consequences to fetus. Cocaine was considered most deleterious and Accutane was considered least deleterious. Seventy-five percent would imprison pregnant…

  5. Concept considerations for a small orbital transfer vehicle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Green, M.; Sibila, A. I.

    1979-01-01

    This paper summarizes a study of small orbital transfer vehicles to place payloads in orbits with altitudes above those of the standard Shuttle operations. The overall objective of the study is to examine the role of the small orbital transfer vehicle (SOTV) in Shuttle operations and to identify typical propulsion concepts for accomplishing the mission. Consideration is given to existing and planned systems and upper stages, along with new propulsion stages. The new propulsion concept development examines tandem and clustered solids, controlled solids, monopropellant and bipropellant liquids, and staged solid/liquid combinations. The paper presents considerations of the mission requirements, tradeoffs of the various configurations, and candidate selections. For the selected candidate concepts the performance, support equipment, operational considerations and program costs were determined. The results show that a new modular liquid stage system is cost effective in handling the majority of the payloads considered. The remainder of the payloads can be accomodated by existing systems.

  6. Physiologic measures of sexual function in women: a review.

    PubMed

    Woodard, Terri L; Diamond, Michael P

    2009-07-01

    To review and describe physiologic measures of assessing sexual function in women. Literature review. Studies that use instruments designed to measure female sexual function. Women participating in studies of female sexual function. Various instruments that measure physiologic features of female sexual function. Appraisal of the various instruments, including their advantages and disadvantages. Many unique physiologic methods of evaluating female sexual function have been developed during the past four decades. Each method has its benefits and limitations. Many physiologic methods exist, but most are not well-validated. In addition there has been an inability to correlate most physiologic measures with subjective measures of sexual arousal. Furthermore, given the complex nature of the sexual response in women, physiologic measures should be considered in context of other data, including the history, physical examination, and validated questionnaires. Nonetheless, the existence of appropriate physiologic measures is vital to our understanding of female sexual function and dysfunction.

  7. Infinitesimal and global rigidity and inflexibility of surfaces of revolution with flattening at the poles

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sabitov, I Kh

    The subject of this article is one of the most important questions of classical geometry: the theory of bendings and infinitesimal bendings of surfaces. These questions are studied for surfaces of revolution and, unlike previous well-known works, we make only minimal smoothness assumptions (the class C{sup 1}) in the initial part of our study. In this class we prove local existence and uniqueness theorems for infinitesimal bendings. We then consider the analytic class and establish simple criteria for rigidity and inflexibility of compact surfaces. These criteria depend on the values of certain integer characteristics related to the order of flattening ofmore » the surface at its poles. We also show that in the nonanalytic situation there exist nonrigid surfaces with any given order of flattening at the poles. Bibliography: 22 titles.« less

  8. Analysis of Classes of Singular Steady State Reaction Diffusion Equations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Son, Byungjae

    We study positive radial solutions to classes of steady state reaction diffusion problems on the exterior of a ball with both Dirichlet and nonlinear boundary conditions. We study both Laplacian as well as p-Laplacian problems with reaction terms that are p-sublinear at infinity. We consider both positone and semipositone reaction terms and establish existence, multiplicity and uniqueness results. Our existence and multiplicity results are achieved by a method of sub-supersolutions and uniqueness results via a combination of maximum principles, comparison principles, energy arguments and a-priori estimates. Our results significantly enhance the literature on p-sublinear positone and semipositone problems. Finally, we provide exact bifurcation curves for several one-dimensional problems. In the autonomous case, we extend and analyze a quadrature method, and in the nonautonomous case, we employ shooting methods. We use numerical solvers in Mathematica to generate the bifurcation curves.

  9. The need for better evidence to evaluate the health & economic benefits of India's Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana

    PubMed Central

    Nandi, Arindam; Holtzman, E. Phoebe; Malani, Anup; Laxminarayan, Ramanan

    2015-01-01

    In this review the existing evidence on the impact of Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY) is discussed in the context of international literature available on health insurance. We describe potential pathways through which health insurance can affect health and economic outcomes, discuss evidence from other developing countries, and identify potential biases and inconsistencies in existing studies on RSBY impact. Given the relatively recent introduction of RSBY, lack of quality, verifiable data on utilization patterns, and the absence of reliable evaluation studies, there is a need to exercise caution while assessing the merits of the programme. Considering the enormous potential and cost of the programme, we emphasize the need for a rigorous impact evaluation of RSBY. It will not only help capture the real impact of the scheme, but may also be able to estimate the extent of systemic inefficiencies at the level of the consumer. PMID:26609029

  10. Applications of integrated human error identification techniques on the chemical cylinder change task.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Ching-Min; Hwang, Sheue-Ling

    2015-03-01

    This paper outlines the human error identification (HEI) techniques that currently exist to assess latent human errors. Many formal error identification techniques have existed for years, but few have been validated to cover latent human error analysis in different domains. This study considers many possible error modes and influential factors, including external error modes, internal error modes, psychological error mechanisms, and performance shaping factors, and integrates several execution procedures and frameworks of HEI techniques. The case study in this research was the operational process of changing chemical cylinders in a factory. In addition, the integrated HEI method was used to assess the operational processes and the system's reliability. It was concluded that the integrated method is a valuable aid to develop much safer operational processes and can be used to predict human error rates on critical tasks in the plant. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

  11. Same-sex marriage: a new social phenomenon.

    PubMed

    Chamie, Joseph; Mirkin, Barry

    2011-01-01

    Same-sex marriage (SSM) is a new social phenomenon. In modern times SSM did not exist until the 21st century when an increasing number of countries began permitting same-sex couples to marry legally. This study presents statistical and related evidence concerning SSM worldwide, with special attention to the United States, where SSM has evolved into a major political and legal issue. In addition to examining data on levels and trends, differentials between men and women are investigated. The study also considers common arguments for and against SSM and likely changes in laws and policies that may occur. Although same-sex marriage now exists in a small number of countries and US states, its consequences and implications are being felt far beyond the borders of those countries and areas. In coming years same-sex marriage will remain a controversial and salient part of the legal, political, and cultural landscape, locally, nationally, and internationally.

  12. Signal honesty and predation risk among a closely related group of aposematic species

    PubMed Central

    María Arenas, Lina; Walter, Dominic; Stevens, Martin

    2015-01-01

    Many animals have bright colours to warn predators that they have defences and are not worth attacking. However, it remains unclear whether the strength of warning colours reliably indicate levels of defence. Few studies have unambiguously established if warning signals are honest, and have rarely considered predator vision or conspicuousness against the background. Importantly, little data exists either on how differences in signal strength translate into survival advantages. Ladybirds exhibit impressive variation in coloration both among and within species. Here we demonstrate that different levels of toxicity exist among and within ladybird species, and that signal contrast against the background is a good predictor of toxicity, showing that the colours are honest signals. Furthermore, field experiments with ladybird models created with regards to predator vision show that models with lower conspicuousness were attacked more frequently. This provides one of the most comprehensive studies on signal honesty in warning coloration to date. PMID:26046332

  13. Creating a firestorm: a review of children who deliberately light fires.

    PubMed

    Lambie, Ian; Randell, Isabel

    2011-04-01

    Deliberate firesetting is a significant social problem that causes millions of dollars of property damage each year. Of particular concern is that a high proportion of these arson offences are committed by children and adolescents. Youth firesetters are a unique and diverse group, variant in their motivations, needs and behavior and distinct from their adult counterparts. The study of firesetting has been approached in a number of ways and thus the existing body of research lacks a coherent, consistent and comprehensive set of empirical findings. In synthesizing the literature on child and adolescent firesetting, this review considers the potential relationships between firesetting typologies, risk factors, development and treatment. It considers the extent to which firesetting can be considered within the framework of antisocial behavior and what implications such a relationship may have for clinical practice. The review concludes that despite a number of risk factors being repeatedly identified, an understanding of the etiology behind firesetting behavior and potential developmental trajectories remains theoretically rather than empirically based. Existing typological theories do not take sufficient account of the complexities of firesetting behavior and there is not yet a typology and accompanying assessment that has undergone thorough empirical testing and is of significant clinical utility. Despite indications that the relationship between firesetting and antisocial behavior is of a serious nature, there has been a general lack of attention to this in literature and practice. Attention to this relationship is necessary not just in the area of firesetting research and practice, but also amongst those working with youth with behavioral difficulties and conduct problems, as for these individuals firesetting is likely to indicate particularly high risk for severity of behavior and future offending. Because of this relationship and the diversity of firesetting populations there is a need for collaborative intervention for firesetters that includes thorough assessment and provides an individualized, and developmentally appropriate approach best suited to the needs of the individual. This review reflects on the methodological limitations as well as clinical implications of existing studies and suggests necessary directions for future research. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Anxiety disorders: diagnosis and treatment.

    PubMed

    Jack, R A; Mathew, R J

    1985-07-01

    Pathologic anxiety, marked by inappropriate apprehension and/or fear, causes patients to seek help. Anxiety is associated with a wide variety of physical illnesses, and these must be initially considered when making a diagnosis. Similarly, anxiety associated with a wide variety of psychiatric syndromes must also be considered. Finally, the possibility of transient situational anxiety is ever present. Once it is determined that a primary anxiety disorder exists, then the presence or absence of phobias, panic attacks, and chronic "free-floating" anxiety will fully characterize the disorder. With an accurate diagnosis in hand, a multifaceted treatment approach can be designed. Effective treatments now exist for phobic and panic disorders, and more effective treatment for chronic generalized anxiety may be forthcoming.

  15. Nonlinear dynamics of the rock-paper-scissors game with mutations.

    PubMed

    Toupo, Danielle F P; Strogatz, Steven H

    2015-05-01

    We analyze the replicator-mutator equations for the rock-paper-scissors game. Various graph-theoretic patterns of mutation are considered, ranging from a single unidirectional mutation pathway between two of the species, to global bidirectional mutation among all the species. Our main result is that the coexistence state, in which all three species exist in equilibrium, can be destabilized by arbitrarily small mutation rates. After it loses stability, the coexistence state gives birth to a stable limit cycle solution created in a supercritical Hopf bifurcation. This attracting periodic solution exists for all the mutation patterns considered, and persists arbitrarily close to the limit of zero mutation rate and a zero-sum game.

  16. Clinical Outcomes of Virologically-Suppressed Patients with Pre-existing HIV-1 Drug Resistance Mutations Switching to Rilpivirine/Emtricitabine/Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate in the SPIRIT Study.

    PubMed

    Porter, Danielle P; Toma, Jonathan; Tan, Yuping; Solberg, Owen; Cai, Suqin; Kulkarni, Rima; Andreatta, Kristen; Lie, Yolanda; Chuck, Susan K; Palella, Frank; Miller, Michael D; White, Kirsten L

    2016-02-01

    Antiretroviral regimen switching may be considered for HIV-1-infected, virologically-suppressed patients to enable treatment simplification or improve tolerability, but should be guided by knowledge of pre-existing drug resistance. The current study examined the impact of pre-existing drug resistance mutations on virologic outcomes among virologically-suppressed patients switching to Rilpivirine (RPV)/emtricitabine (FTC)/tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF). SPIRIT was a phase 3b study evaluating the safety and efficacy of switching to RPV/FTC/TDF in virologically-suppressed HIV-1-infected patients. Pre-existing drug resistance at baseline was determined by proviral DNA genotyping for 51 RPV/FTC/TDF-treated patients with known mutations by historical RNA genotype and matched controls and compared with clinical outcome at Week 48. Drug resistance mutations in protease or reverse transcriptase were detected in 62.7% of patients by historical RNA genotype and in 68.6% by proviral DNA genotyping at baseline. Proviral DNA sequencing detected 89% of occurrences of NRTI and NNRTI resistance-associated mutations reported by historical genotype. Mutations potentially affecting RPV activity, including E138A/G/K/Q, Y181C, and H221Y, were detected in isolates from 11 patients by one or both assays. None of the patients with single mutants had virologic failure through Week 48. One patient with pre-existing Y181Y/C and M184I by proviral DNA genotyping experienced virologic failure. Nineteen patients with K103N present by historical genotype were confirmed by proviral DNA sequencing and 18/19 remained virologically-suppressed. Virologic success rates were high among virologically-suppressed patients with pre-existing NRTI and NNRTI resistance-associated mutations who switched to RPV/FTC/TDF in the SPIRIT study. While plasma RNA genotyping remains preferred, proviral DNA genotyping may provide additional value in virologically-suppressed patients for whom historical resistance data are unavailable.

  17. A study of alternative methods for reclaiming oxygen from carbon dioxide and water by a solid-electrolyte process for spacecraft applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1971-01-01

    Two alternative technical approaches were studied for application of an electrochemical process using a solid oxide electrolyte (zirconia stabilized by yttria or scandia) to oxygen reclamation from carbon dioxide and water, for spacecraft life support systems. Among the topics considered are the advisability of proceeding to engineering prototype development and fabrication of a full scale model for the system concept, the optimum choice of method or approach to be carried into prototype development, and the technical problem areas which exist.

  18. Study of vibrations produced by a vibrating beam used for vibrating concretes. [and their transmission to human operator

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Silas, C.; Brindeu, L.; Grosanu, I.; Cioara, T.

    1974-01-01

    For compacting concretes in building, vibrating beams are used. The vibrations are generated by inertial vibrators, and the beam is normally displaced by the operator by means of a handle that is elastically fastened to the beam by means of rubber pads. Considered are vibrations transmitted to the operator, taking into account the beam's shock vibration motions. The steady state motion of a dynamic beam pattern is studied, and results of experimental tests with existing equipment are presented.

  19. Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study. Report no. 3: Design/cost tradeoff studies. Appendix C: EOS program requirements document

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1974-01-01

    An analysis of the requirements for the Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) system specifications is presented. The analysis consists of requirements obtained from existing documentation and those derived from functional analysis. The requirements follow the hierarchy of program, mission, system, and subsystem. The code for designating specific requirements is explained. Among the subjects considered are the following: (1) the traffic model, (2) space shuttle related performance, (3) booster related performance, (4) the data collection system, (5) spacecraft structural tests, and (6) the ground support requirements.

  20. Periodicity computation of generalized mathematical biology problems involving delay differential equations.

    PubMed

    Jasim Mohammed, M; Ibrahim, Rabha W; Ahmad, M Z

    2017-03-01

    In this paper, we consider a low initial population model. Our aim is to study the periodicity computation of this model by using neutral differential equations, which are recognized in various studies including biology. We generalize the neutral Rayleigh equation for the third-order by exploiting the model of fractional calculus, in particular the Riemann-Liouville differential operator. We establish the existence and uniqueness of a periodic computational outcome. The technique depends on the continuation theorem of the coincidence degree theory. Besides, an example is presented to demonstrate the finding.

  1. Does Science Presuppose Naturalism (or Anything at All)?

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fishman, Yonatan I.; Boudry, Maarten

    2013-05-01

    Several scientists, scientific institutions, and philosophers have argued that science is committed to Methodological Naturalism (MN), the view that science, by virtue of its methods, is limited to studying `natural' phenomena and cannot consider or evaluate hypotheses that refer to supernatural entities. While they may in fact exist, gods, ghosts, spirits, and extrasensory or psi phenomena are inherently outside the domain of scientific investigation. Recently, Mahner (Sci Educ 3:357-371, 2012) has taken this position one step further, proposing the more radical view that science presupposes an a priori commitment not just to MN, but also to ontological naturalism (ON), the metaphysical thesis that supernatural entities and phenomena do not exist. Here, we argue that science presupposes neither MN nor ON and that science can indeed investigate supernatural hypotheses via standard methodological approaches used to evaluate any `non-supernatural' claim. Science, at least ideally, is committed to the pursuit of truth about the nature of reality, whatever it may be, and hence cannot exclude the existence of the supernatural a priori, be it on methodological or metaphysical grounds, without artificially limiting its scope and power. Hypotheses referring to the supernatural or paranormal should be rejected not because they violate alleged a priori methodological or metaphysical presuppositions of the scientific enterprise, but rather because they fail to satisfy basic explanatory criteria, such as explanatory power and parsimony, which are routinely considered when evaluating claims in science and everyday life. Implications of our view for science education are discussed.

  2. Conduit magma convection of a rhyolitic magma: Constraints from cosmic-ray muon radiography of Iwodake, Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shinohara, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Hiroyuki K. M.

    2012-10-01

    Quantitative re-evaluation of the muon radiography data obtained by Tanaka et al. (2009) was conducted to constrain conduit magma convection at the Iwodake rhyolitic cone of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan. Re-evaluation of the measurement error considering topography and fake muon counts confirms the existence of a low-density body of 300 m in diameter and with 0.9-1.0 g cm-3 at depths of 135-190 m from the summit crater floor. The low-density material is interpreted as rhyolitic magma with 60% vesicularity on average, and existence of this unstable highly vesiculated magma at shallow depth without any recent eruptive or intrusive activity is considered as evidence of conduit magma convection. The structure of the convecting magma column top was modeled based on density calculations of vesiculated ascending and outgassed descending magmas, compared with the observed density anomaly. The existence of the low-density anomaly was confirmed by comparison with published gravity measurements, and the predicted degassing at the shallow magma conduit top agrees with observed heat discharge anomaly distribution localized at the summit area. This study confirms that high viscosity of silicic magmas can be compensated by a large size conduit to cause the conduit magma convection phenomena. The rare occurrence of conduit magma convection in a rhyolitic magma system at Iwodake is suggested to be due to its specific magma features of low H2O content and high temperature.

  3. Experiences of undergraduate nursing students in peer assisted learning in clinical practice: a qualitative systematic review.

    PubMed

    Carey, Matthew C; Kent, Bridie; Latour, Jos M

    2018-05-01

    The objective of this qualitative systematic review was to identify and synthesize the best available evidence on experiences of peer assisted learning (PAL) among student nurses in clinical practice so as to understand the value of PAL for this population. Peer-assisted learning considers the benefits of peers working in collaboration and supporting each other in professional roles. This approach to facilitate learning is effective within universities, but there is limited exploration within the clinical practice environment. Within the UK, 50% of student nurses' learning is undertaken within clinical practice, providing a large portion of student allocation within these areas, but is unexplored in relation to PAL. Therefore, existing evidence examining PAL in clinical practice needs further exploration for a better understanding of its value to student nurses' learning. The systematic review considered studies that included male and female nursing students aged 18-50 years that explored undergraduate nursing students' experiences of PAL within the clinical practice environment. Studies that utilized designs such as phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, action research and feminist research were considered. Other text such as opinion papers and reports were to be considered if no qualitative studies could be located. The review excluded quantitative studies, as well as those addressing PAL outside the nursing profession and students within the nursing profession but not including undergraduate student nurses. This review considered studies that included aspects related to experiences of PAL in the clinical practice setting, as seen by undergraduate nursing students and the researcher. A three-step search strategy was undertaken to find both published and unpublished studies in English from 2003 to 2017 in various databases, and included searching of reference lists within articles selected for appraisal. Each of the included studies were assessed for methodological quality independently by two reviewers, using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Form for Interpretive and Critical Research. Qualitative data was extracted using the standardized JBI qualitative data extraction tool. Qualitative research findings were synthesized using JBI methodology. From the eight included studies, 37 findings were extracted. These findings were further aggregated into seven categories, and then into three synthesized findings. These three synthesized findings are: 1) Challenges of clinical practice are mitigated by peer support; 2) Peers are role models for enhancing clinical knowledge; and 3) Support and feedback develop competence and confidence, and reduce stress and anxiety. Peer-assisted learning exists in clinical practice in both formal and informal circumstances. Friendship and community are often expressed as occurring when peers work together. Support and feedback help students develop in their clinical role and enhance clinical knowledge. Outcomes include enhancing the competency and confidence of peers, and reducing stress and anxiety. Challenges of clinical practice are mitigated through PAL.

  4. An Adjunct Galilean Satellite Orbiter Using a Small Radioisotope Power Source

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Abelson, Robert Dean; Randolph, J.; Alkalai, L.; Collins, D.; Moore, W.

    2005-01-01

    This is a conceptual mission study intended to demonstrate the range of possible missions and applications that could be enabled were a new generation of Small Radioisotope Power Systems to be developed by NASA and DOE. While such systems are currently being considered by NASA and DOE, they do not currently exist. This study is one of several small RPS-enabled mission concepts that were studied and presented in the NASA/JPL document "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" available at: http://solarsystem.nasa.gov/multimedia/download-detail.cfm?DL_ID=82

  5. GEANT4 benchmark with MCNPX and PHITS for activation of concrete

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tesse, Robin; Stichelbaut, Frédéric; Pauly, Nicolas; Dubus, Alain; Derrien, Jonathan

    2018-02-01

    The activation of concrete is a real problem from the point of view of waste management. Because of the complexity of the issue, Monte Carlo (MC) codes have become an essential tool to its study. But various codes or even nuclear models exist in MC. MCNPX and PHITS have already been validated for shielding studies but GEANT4 is also a suitable solution. In these codes, different models can be considered for a concrete activation study. The Bertini model is not the best model for spallation while BIC and INCL model agrees well with previous results in literature.

  6. Clinical significance of neonatal menstruation.

    PubMed

    Brosens, Ivo; Benagiano, Giuseppe

    2016-01-01

    Past studies have clearly shown the existence of a spectrum of endometrial progesterone responses in neonatal endometrium, varying from proliferation to full decidualization with menstrual-like shedding. The bleedings represent, similar to what occurs in adult menstruation, a progesterone withdrawal bleeding. Today, the bleeding is completely neglected and considered an uneventful episode of no clinical significance. Yet clinical studies have linked the risk of bleeding to a series of events indicating fetal distress. The potential link between the progesterone response and major adolescent disorders requires to be investigated by prospective studies. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  7. An Early Years Toolbox for Assessing Early Executive Function, Language, Self-Regulation, and Social Development: Validity, Reliability, and Preliminary Norms

    PubMed Central

    Howard, Steven J.; Melhuish, Edward

    2016-01-01

    Several methods of assessing executive function (EF), self-regulation, language development, and social development in young children have been developed over previous decades. Yet new technologies make available methods of assessment not previously considered. In resolving conceptual and pragmatic limitations of existing tools, the Early Years Toolbox (EYT) offers substantial advantages for early assessment of language, EF, self-regulation, and social development. In the current study, results of our large-scale administration of this toolbox to 1,764 preschool and early primary school students indicated very good reliability, convergent validity with existing measures, and developmental sensitivity. Results were also suggestive of better capture of children’s emerging abilities relative to comparison measures. Preliminary norms are presented, showing a clear developmental trajectory across half-year age groups. The accessibility of the EYT, as well as its advantages over existing measures, offers considerably enhanced opportunities for objective measurement of young children’s abilities to enable research and educational applications. PMID:28503022

  8. Early psychosocial interventions after disasters, terrorism and other shocking events: is there a gap between norms and practice in Europe?

    PubMed Central

    Te Brake, Hans

    2013-01-01

    Background Internationally, several initiatives exist to describe standards for post-disaster psychosocial care. Objective This study explored the level of consensus of experts within Europe on a set of recommendations on early psychosocial intervention after shocking events (Dutch guidelines), and to what degree these standards are implemented into mental health care practice. Methods Two hundred and six (mental) health care professionals filled out a questionnaire to assess the extent to which they consider the guidelines’ scope and recommendations relevant and part of the regular practice in their own country. Forty-five European experts from 24 EU countries discussed the guidelines at an international seminar. Results The data suggest overall agreement on the standards although many of the recommendations appear not (yet) to be embedded in everyday practice. Conclusions Although large consensus exists on standards for early psychosocial care, a chasm between norms and practice appears to exist throughout the EU, stressing the general need for investments in guideline development and implementation. PMID:23393613

  9. A Goal Oriented Approach for Modeling and Analyzing Security Trade-Offs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Elahi, Golnaz; Yu, Eric

    In designing software systems, security is typically only one design objective among many. It may compete with other objectives such as functionality, usability, and performance. Too often, security mechanisms such as firewalls, access control, or encryption are adopted without explicit recognition of competing design objectives and their origins in stakeholder interests. Recently, there is increasing acknowledgement that security is ultimately about trade-offs. One can only aim for "good enough" security, given the competing demands from many parties. In this paper, we examine how conceptual modeling can provide explicit and systematic support for analyzing security trade-offs. After considering the desirable criteria for conceptual modeling methods, we examine several existing approaches for dealing with security trade-offs. From analyzing the limitations of existing methods, we propose an extension to the i* framework for security trade-off analysis, taking advantage of its multi-agent and goal orientation. The method was applied to several case studies used to exemplify existing approaches.

  10. Monte Carlo simulation study of positron generation in ultra-intense laser-solid interactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Yonghong; Wu, Yuchi; Zhao, Zongqing; Teng, Jian; Yu, Jinqing; Liu, Dongxiao; Dong, Kegong; Wei, Lai; Fan, Wei; Cao, Leifeng; Yao, Zeen; Gu, Yuqiu

    2012-02-01

    The Monte Carlo transport code Geant4 has been used to study positron production in the transport of laser-produced hot electrons in solid targets. The dependence of the positron yield on target parameters and the hot-electron temperature has been investigated in thick targets (mm-scale), where only the Bethe-Heitler process is considered. The results show that Au is the best target material, and an optimal target thickness exists for generating abundant positrons at a given hot-electron temperature. The positron angular distributions and energy spectra for different hot electron temperatures were studied without considering the sheath field on the back of the target. The effect of the target rear sheath field for positron acceleration was studied by numerical simulation while including an electrostatic field in the Monte Carlo model. It shows that the positron energy can be enhanced and quasi-monoenergetic positrons are observed owing to the effect of the sheath field.

  11. Patient characteristics in low back pain subgroups based on an existing classification system. A descriptive cohort study in chiropractic practice.

    PubMed

    Eirikstoft, Heidi; Kongsted, Alice

    2014-02-01

    Sub-grouping of low back pain (LBP) is believed to improve prediction of prognosis and treatment effects. The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine whether chiropractic patients could be sub-grouped according to an existing pathoanatomically-based classification system, (2) to describe patient characteristics within each subgroup, and (3) to determine the proportion of patients in whom clinicians considered the classification to be unchanged after approximately 10 days. A cohort of 923 LBP patients was included during their first consultation. Patients completed an extensive questionnaire and were examined according to a standardised protocol. Based on the clinical examination, patients were classified into diagnostic subgroups. After approximately 10 days, chiropractors reported whether they considered the subgroup had changed. The most frequent subgroups were reducible and partly reducible disc syndromes followed by facet joint pain, dysfunction and sacroiliac (SI)-joint pain. Classification was inconclusive in 5% of the patients. Differences in pain, activity limitation, and psychological factors were small across subgroups. Within 10 days, 82% were reported to belong to the same subgroup as at the first visit. In conclusion, LBP patients could be classified according to a standardised protocol, and chiropractors considered most patient classifications to be unchanged within 10 days. Differences in patient characteristics between subgroups were very small, and the clinical relevance of the classification system should be investigated by testing its value as a prognostic factor or a treatment effect modifier. It is recommended that this classification system be combined with psychological and social factors if it is to be useful. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Autoimmune hepatitis related autoantibodies in children with type 1 diabetes

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Background and objectives The frequency of Type 1 diabetes (T1D)-related autoantibodies was determined in children with autoimmune hepatitis. However, the incidence of autoimmune hepatitis related autoantibodies in children with T1D has been poorly investigated. The aim of the present cross sectional prospective study was to determine the occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis-related autoantibodies in children with T1D. Methods Children with T1D following in diabetic clinic in our center were screened for existence of liver related autoantibodies from November 2010 to November 2011. The patients’ sera were analyzed for the existence of autoantibodies such as anti-nuclear antibody, anti-smooth muscle antibody, and anti-Liver Kidney microsomal antibody, using enzyme linked immunoassay and indirect immunofluorescence methods. A titer of anti-nuclear antibody ≥1/40 was considered positive and titer of < 1/40 was considered negative. Anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody titer of < 3 U/ml was considered negative, 3 – 5 U/ml borderlines, and > 5 U/ml was considered positive. Results 106 children with T1D have been examined over a one-year period: age ranges between 8 months to 15.5 years, sixty two patients were females. Autoantibody screen revealed a girl with positive anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody (1%) and 8 children had positive anti-nuclear antibody (7.5%), without clinical, biochemical or radiologic evidence of liver disease. None of the patients had positive smooth muscle antibody. In conclusion Anti-liver kidney microsomal antibody is rarely found in sera of children with T1D; the clinical significance of which is unknown. PMID:24636465

  13. The Rescue of the Aesthetic Character of Existence in Kierkegaard Philosophy.

    PubMed

    de Feijoo, Ana Maria Lopez Calvo; Protasio, Myriam Moreira

    2015-08-01

    The intention of this article is to develop considerations regarding the unity in all that constitutes the multifaceted work of Soren Kierkegaard. The guides to the subject of this investigation are the stages of existence. His work is devoted to considering the unity of all spheres in their original place, which is concrete existence. To search for this unity, Kierkegaard resumes the aesthetic element of existence, which had been abandoned since the Greeks, passing by Christianity and radicalizing itself since philosophers of subjectivity, to show that this abandon provokes the suppression of the aesthetic element, without which oneness is not possible.

  14. Experimental study of near-field air entrainment by subsonic volcanic jets

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Solovitz, Stephen A.; Mastin, Larry G.

    2009-01-01

    The flow structure in the developing region of a turbulent jet has been examined using particle image velocimetry methods, considering the flow at steady state conditions. The velocity fields were integrated to determine the ratio of the entrained air speed to the jet speed, which was approximately 0.03 for a range of Mach numbers up to 0.89 and Reynolds numbers up to 217,000. This range of experimental Mach and Reynolds numbers is higher than previously considered for high-accuracy entrainment measures, particularly in the near-vent region. The entrainment values are below those commonly used for geophysical analyses of volcanic plumes, suggesting that existing 1-D models are likely to understate the tendency for column collapse.

  15. Rich Global Dynamics in a Prey-Predator Model with Allee Effect and Density Dependent Death Rate of Predator

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sen, Moitri; Banerjee, Malay

    In this work we have considered a prey-predator model with strong Allee effect in the prey growth function, Holling type-II functional response and density dependent death rate for predators. It presents a comprehensive study of the complete global dynamics for the considered system. Especially to see the effect of the density dependent death rate of predator on the system behavior, we have presented the two parametric bifurcation diagrams taking it as one of the bifurcation parameters. In course of that we have explored all possible local and global bifurcations that the system could undergo, namely the existence of transcritical bifurcation, saddle node bifurcation, cusp bifurcation, Hopf-bifurcation, Bogdanov-Takens bifurcation and Bautin bifurcation respectively.

  16. Towards a detailed anthropometric body characterization using the Microsoft Kinect.

    PubMed

    Domingues, Ana; Barbosa, Filipa; Pereira, Eduardo M; Santos, Márcio Borgonovo; Seixas, Adérito; Vilas-Boas, João; Gabriel, Joaquim; Vardasca, Ricardo

    2016-01-01

    Anthropometry has been widely used in different fields, providing relevant information for medicine, ergonomics and biometric applications. However, the existent solutions present marked disadvantages, reducing the employment of this type of evaluation. Studies have been conducted in order to easily determine anthropometric measures considering data provided by low-cost sensors, such as the Microsoft Kinect. In this work, a methodology is proposed and implemented for estimating anthropometric measures considering the information acquired with this sensor. The measures obtained with this method were compared with the ones from a validation system, Qualisys. Comparing the relative errors determined with state-of-art references, for some of the estimated measures, lower errors were verified and a more complete characterization of the whole body structure was achieved.

  17. Comparative ruralism and ‘opening new windows’ on gentrification

    PubMed Central

    Phillips, Martin; Smith, Darren P

    2018-01-01

    In response to the five commentaries on our paper ‘Comparative approaches to gentrification: lessons from the rural’, we open up more ‘windows’ on rural gentrification and its urban counterpart. First, we highlight the issues of metrocentricity and urbanormativity within gentrification studies, highlighting their employment by our commentators. Second, we consider the issue of displacement and its operation within rural space, as well as gentrification as a coping strategy for neoliberal existence and connections to more-than-human natures. Finally, we consider questions of scale, highlighting the need to avoid naturalistic conceptions of scale and arguing that attention could be paid to the role of material practices, symbolizations and lived experiences in producing scaled geographies of rural and urban gentrification. PMID:29657709

  18. Nitrogen in chromium-manganese stainless steels: a review on the evaluation of stacking fault energy by computational thermodynamics.

    PubMed

    Mosecker, Linda; Saeed-Akbari, Alireza

    2013-06-01

    Nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels and its effect on the stacking fault energy (SFE) has been the subject of intense discussions in the literature. Until today, no generally accepted method for the SFE calculation exists that can be applied to a wide range of chemical compositions in these systems. Besides different types of models that are used from first-principle to thermodynamics-based approaches, one main reason is the general lack of experimentally measured SFE values for these steels. Moreover, in the respective studies, not only different alloying systems but also different domains of nitrogen contents were analyzed resulting in contrary conclusions on the effect of nitrogen on the SFE. This work gives a review on the current state of SFE calculation by computational thermodynamics for the Fe-Cr-Mn-N system. An assessment of the thermodynamic effective Gibbs free energy, [Formula: see text], model for the [Formula: see text] phase transformation considering existing data from different literature and commercial databases is given. Furthermore, we introduce the application of a non-constant composition-dependent interfacial energy, б γ / ε , required to consider the effect of nitrogen on SFE in these systems.

  19. Nitrogen in chromium–manganese stainless steels: a review on the evaluation of stacking fault energy by computational thermodynamics

    PubMed Central

    Mosecker, Linda; Saeed-Akbari, Alireza

    2013-01-01

    Nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels and its effect on the stacking fault energy (SFE) has been the subject of intense discussions in the literature. Until today, no generally accepted method for the SFE calculation exists that can be applied to a wide range of chemical compositions in these systems. Besides different types of models that are used from first-principle to thermodynamics-based approaches, one main reason is the general lack of experimentally measured SFE values for these steels. Moreover, in the respective studies, not only different alloying systems but also different domains of nitrogen contents were analyzed resulting in contrary conclusions on the effect of nitrogen on the SFE. This work gives a review on the current state of SFE calculation by computational thermodynamics for the Fe–Cr–Mn–N system. An assessment of the thermodynamic effective Gibbs free energy, , model for the phase transformation considering existing data from different literature and commercial databases is given. Furthermore, we introduce the application of a non-constant composition-dependent interfacial energy, бγ/ε, required to consider the effect of nitrogen on SFE in these systems. PMID:27877573

  20. Treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

    PubMed

    Rosenberg, Casandra J; Watson, James C

    2015-02-01

    Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy impairs quality of life and can be difficult to treat. To discuss current treatment recommendations for painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Literature review. Systematic review of the literature discussing treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Existing treatment guidelines were studied and compared. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy occurs in about one in six people with diabetes. This condition impairs quality of life and increases healthcare costs. Treatment recommendations exist, but individual patient therapy can require a trial-and-error approach. Many treatment options have adjuvant benefits or side effects which should be considered prior to initiating therapy. Often, a combination of treatment modalities with various mechanisms of action is required for adequate pain control. Adequate medication titration and a reasonable trial period should be allowed. The treatment of painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy can be challenging, but effective management can improve patient's quality of life. Painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy impairs quality of life and can be difficult to treat. Many treatment options have adjuvant benefits or side effects which should be considered prior to initiating therapy. Often, a combination of treatment modalities with various mechanisms of action is required for adequate pain control. © The International Society for Prosthetics and Orthotics 2014.

  1. Infrastructure optimisation via MBR retrofit: a design guide.

    PubMed

    Bagg, W K

    2009-01-01

    Wastewater management is continually evolving with the development and implementation of new, more efficient technologies. One of these is the Membrane Bioreactor (MBR). Although a relatively new technology in Australia, MBR wastewater treatment has been widely used elsewhere for over 20 years, with thousands of MBRs now in operation worldwide. Over the past 5 years, MBR technology has been enthusiastically embraced in Australia as a potential treatment upgrade option, and via retrofit typically offers two major benefits: (1) more capacity using mostly existing facilities, and (2) very high quality treated effluent. However, infrastructure optimisation via MBR retrofit is not a simple or low-cost solution and there are many factors which should be carefully evaluated before deciding on this method of plant upgrade. The paper reviews a range of design parameters which should be carefully evaluated when considering an MBR retrofit solution. Several actual and conceptual case studies are considered to demonstrate both advantages and disadvantages. Whilst optimising existing facilities and production of high quality water for reuse are powerful drivers, it is suggested that MBRs are perhaps not always the most sustainable Whole-of-Life solution for a wastewater treatment plant upgrade, especially by way of a retrofit.

  2. The relationship between 2D static features and 2D dynamic features used in gait recognition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Alawar, Hamad M.; Ugail, Hassan; Kamala, Mumtaz; Connah, David

    2013-05-01

    In most gait recognition techniques, both static and dynamic features are used to define a subject's gait signature. In this study, the existence of a relationship between static and dynamic features was investigated. The correlation coefficient was used to analyse the relationship between the features extracted from the "University of Bradford Multi-Modal Gait Database". This study includes two dimensional dynamic and static features from 19 subjects. The dynamic features were compromised of Phase-Weighted Magnitudes driven by a Fourier Transform of the temporal rotational data of a subject's joints (knee, thigh, shoulder, and elbow). The results concluded that there are eleven pairs of features that are considered significantly correlated with (p<0.05). This result indicates the existence of a statistical relationship between static and dynamics features, which challenges the results of several similar studies. These results bare great potential for further research into the area, and would potentially contribute to the creation of a gait signature using latent data.

  3. The effect of extremity strength training on fibromyalgia symptoms and disease impact in an existing multidisciplinary treatment program.

    PubMed

    Kas, Tamara; Colby, Megan; Case, Maureen; Vaughn, Dan

    2016-10-01

    The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of upper and lower body extremity strengthening exercise in patients with Fibromyalgia (FM) within an existing multidisciplinary treatment program. Patients between the ages of 18-65 with the medical diagnosis of FM. Comparative study design. The control and experimental group received the same multidisciplinary treatment except that the experimental group performed upper and lower extremity strengthening exercises. The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) was administered at evaluation and discharge from the program in order to measure change in quality of life (QOL). Statistically significant changes in FIQ scores were found for both groups. The addition of extremity strengthening in the experimental group produced an average 4 points greater reduction in FIQ score, however, these results are not considered statistically significant. This study appears to validate the success of a multidisciplinary approach in treating patients with FM, with the possibility for further benefit with the addition of extremity strengthening. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Crystal defect studies using x-ray diffuse scattering

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Larson, B.C.

    1980-01-01

    Microscopic lattice defects such as point (single atom) defects, dislocation loops, and solute precipitates are characterized by local electronic density changes at the defect sites and by distortions of the lattice structure surrounding the defects. The effect of these interruptions of the crystal lattice on the scattering of x-rays is considered in this paper, and examples are presented of the use of the diffuse scattering to study the defects. X-ray studies of self-interstitials in electron irradiated aluminum and copper are discussed in terms of the identification of the interstitial configuration. Methods for detecting the onset of point defect aggregation intomore » dislocation loops are considered and new techniques for the determination of separate size distributions for vacancy loops and interstitial loops are presented. Direct comparisons of dislocation loop measurements by x-rays with existing electron microscopy studies of dislocation loops indicate agreement for larger size loops, but x-ray measurements report higher concentrations in the smaller loop range. Methods for distinguishing between loops and three-dimensional precipitates are discussed and possibilities for detailed studies considered. A comparison of dislocation loop size distributions obtained from integral diffuse scattering measurements with those from TEM show a discrepancy in the smaller sizes similar to that described above.« less

  5. Evaluating reproducibility of differential expression discoveries in microarray studies by considering correlated molecular changes.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Min; Zhang, Lin; Zou, Jinfeng; Yao, Chen; Xiao, Hui; Liu, Qing; Wang, Jing; Wang, Dong; Wang, Chenguang; Guo, Zheng

    2009-07-01

    According to current consistency metrics such as percentage of overlapping genes (POG), lists of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) detected from different microarray studies for a complex disease are often highly inconsistent. This irreproducibility problem also exists in other high-throughput post-genomic areas such as proteomics and metabolism. A complex disease is often characterized with many coordinated molecular changes, which should be considered when evaluating the reproducibility of discovery lists from different studies. We proposed metrics percentage of overlapping genes-related (POGR) and normalized POGR (nPOGR) to evaluate the consistency between two DEG lists for a complex disease, considering correlated molecular changes rather than only counting gene overlaps between the lists. Based on microarray datasets of three diseases, we showed that though the POG scores for DEG lists from different studies for each disease are extremely low, the POGR and nPOGR scores can be rather high, suggesting that the apparently inconsistent DEG lists may be highly reproducible in the sense that they are actually significantly correlated. Observing different discovery results for a disease by the POGR and nPOGR scores will obviously reduce the uncertainty of the microarray studies. The proposed metrics could also be applicable in many other high-throughput post-genomic areas.

  6. A methodology for overall consequence modeling in chemical industry.

    PubMed

    Arunraj, N S; Maiti, J

    2009-09-30

    Risk assessment in chemical process industry is a very important issue for safeguarding human and the ecosystem from damages caused to them. Consequence assessment is an integral part of risk assessment. However, the commonly used consequence estimation methods involve time-consuming complex mathematical models and simple assimilation of losses without considering all the consequence factors. This lead to the deterioration of quality of estimated risk value. So, the consequence modeling has to be performed in detail considering all major losses with optimal time to improve the decisive value of risk. The losses can be broadly categorized into production loss, assets loss, human health and safety loss, and environment loss. In this paper, a conceptual framework is developed to assess the overall consequence considering all the important components of major losses. Secondly, a methodology is developed for the calculation of all the major losses, which are normalized to yield the overall consequence. Finally, as an illustration, the proposed methodology is applied to a case study plant involving benzene extraction. The case study result using the proposed consequence assessment scheme is compared with that from the existing methodologies.

  7. Lunar launch and landing facilities and operations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1987-01-01

    The Florida Institute of Technology established an Interdisciplinary Design Team to design a lunar based facility whose primary function involves launch and landing operations for future moon missions. Both manned and unmanned flight operations were considered in the study with particular design emphasis on the utilization (or reutilization) of all materials available on the moon. This resource availability includes man-made materials which might arrive in the form of expendable landing vehicles as well as in situ lunar minerals. From an engineering standpoint, all such materials are considered as to their suitability for constructing new lunar facilities and/or repairing or expanding existing structures. Also considered in this design study was a determination of the feasibility of using naturally occurring lunar materials to provide fuel components to support lunar launch operations. Conventional launch and landing operations similar to those used during the Apollo Program were investigated as well as less conventional techniques such as rail guns and electromagnetic mass drivers. The Advanced Space Design team consisted of students majoring in Physics and Space Science as well as Electrical, Mechanical, Chemical and Ocean Engineering.

  8. [The short-term effects of air pollution on mortality: the results of the EMECAM project in 2 cities of Asturias. Estudio Multicéntrico Español sobre la Relación entre la Contaminación Atmosférica y la Mortalidad].

    PubMed

    Cañada Martínez, A; García González, J V; Rodríguez Suárez, V; Fernández Noval, F; Fernández Rodríguez, C; Huerta González, I

    1999-01-01

    The studies conducted to date regarding the possibility that air pollutants, at levels considered safe to date, are capable of having impact are capable of having impact on human health have not led to homogeneous findings. This study is aimed at estimating the degrees of relationship between the daily levels of the pollutants and the death rate on a short-terms basis in the two most populated cities in Austria (Gijón and Oviedo), as well as contributing to increasing the statistical importance and the representative nature of the EMECAM Project, within which this study is comprised. Ecological time series study, Estimate of degrees of group exposure based on the readings taken at the pollution control stations. Modeling of the death rate series, including control variables, by means of Poisson regression. Estimating risks related to each pollutant for the death rate, controlling the series-based autocorrelation. Throughout the 1993-1996 period, the pollution by means of particles in suspension and CO was greater in Gijón, that involving SO2 and NO2 having been greater in Oviedo. In these two cities, the levels can be considered to be low and to fall within what is considered admissible under the laws currently in impact. Most of the relative risk forecasts neared the zero impact point, although significant positive (especially for NO2) as well as negative relationships have been found to exist. The significant relationships found were not proven to be consistent in these two cities for the periods studied. Based on the findings of this study, the conclusion cannot be drawn that a clear-cut relationship exists between the pollutants studied (particles, SO2, NO2, CO) and the death rate on a short-term basis, at least at the levels detected in Gijón and Oviedo.

  9. Work outcomes of sickness absence related to mental disorders: a systematic literature review

    PubMed Central

    Dewa, Carolyn S; Loong, Desmond; Bonato, Sarah

    2014-01-01

    Objectives The purpose of this systematic literature review is to examine the current state of knowledge regarding the return-to-work outcomes of sickness absences related to mental disorders that increase costs borne by employers. We address two questions: (1) Based on the existing literature, from the employer's perspective, what are the relevant economic return-to-work outcomes for sickness absences related to mental disorders? and (2) From the employer's economic perspective, are there gaps in knowledge about the relevant return-to-work outcomes for sickness absences related to mental disorders? Setting The included studies used administrative data from either an employer, insurer or occupational healthcare provider. Participants Studies included working adults between 18 and 65 years old who had a sickness absence related to a mental disorder. Primary and secondary outcome measures The studies considered two general return-to-work outcome categories: (1) outcomes focusing on return-to-work and (2) outcomes focusing on sickness absence recurrence. Results A total of 3820 unique citations were identified. Of these, 10 studies were identified whose quality ranged from good to excellent. Half of the identified studies came from one country. The studies considered two characteristics of sickness absence: (1) whether and how long it took for a worker to return-to-work and (2) sickness absence recurrence. None of the studies examined return-to-work outcomes related to work reintegration. Conclusions The existing literature suggests that along with the incidence of sickness absence related to mental disorders, the length of sickness absence episodes and sickness absence recurrence (ie, number and time between) should be areas of concern. However, there also seems to be gaps in the literature regarding the work reintegration process and its associated costs. PMID:25023133

  10. Planning Library Interiors: The Selection of Furnishings for the 21st Century. Revised Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brown, Carol R.

    For many librarians, the selection of furniture for a new building or the major refurbishing of an existing facility is a once-in-a-lifetime task. The furniture selection process now involves much more than considering what products are available. The acquisition of furniture and shelving includes the following steps: look at the existing library…

  11. 5 CFR 550.1107 - Obtaining the services of a hearing official.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... section is considered to be an official certification regarding the existence and amount of the debt for purposes of executing salary offset under 5 U.S.C. 5514. A creditor agency may make a certification to the Secretary of the Treasury under § 550.1108 or a paying agency under § 550.1109 regarding the existence and...

  12. Development of a Food Group-Based Diet Score and Its Association with Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly: The Rotterdam Study.

    PubMed

    de Jonge, Ester A L; Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C; de Groot, Lisette C P G M; Voortman, Trudy; Schoufour, Josje D; Zillikens, M Carola; Hofman, Albert; Uitterlinden, André G; Franco, Oscar H; Rivadeneira, Fernando

    2015-08-18

    No diet score exists that summarizes the features of a diet that is optimal for bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly. Our aims were (a) to develop a BMD-Diet Score reflecting a diet that may be beneficial for BMD based on the existing literature, and (b) to examine the association of the BMD-Diet Score and the Healthy Diet Indicator, a score based on guidelines of the World Health Organization, with BMD in Dutch elderly participating in a prospective cohort study, the Rotterdam Study (n = 5144). Baseline dietary intake, assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, was categorized into food groups. Food groups that were consistently associated with BMD in the literature were included in the BMD-Diet Score. BMD was measured repeatedly and was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD-Diet Score considered intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, whole grains, legumes/beans and dairy products as "high-BMD" components and meat and confectionary as "low-BMD" components. After adjustment, the BMD-Diet Score was positively associated with BMD (β (95% confidence interval) = 0.009 (0.005, 0.012) g/cm(2) per standard deviation). This effect size was approximately three times as large as has been observed for the Healthy Diet Indicator. The food groups included in our BMD-Diet Score could be considered in the development of future dietary guidelines for healthy ageing.

  13. Characterization of spacecraft and environmental disturbances on a SmallSat

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Johnson, Thomas A.; Nguyen, Dung Phu Chi; Cuda, Vince; Freesland, Doug

    1994-01-01

    The objective of this study is to model the on-orbit vibration environment encountered by a SmallSat. Vibration control issues are common to the Earth observing, imaging, and microgravity communities. A spacecraft may contain dozens of support systems and instruments each a potential source of vibration. The quality of payload data depends on constraining vibration so that parasitic disturbances do not affect the payload's pointing or microgravity requirement. In practice, payloads are designed incorporating existing flight hardware in many cases with nonspecific vibration performance. Thus, for the development of a payload, designers require a thorough knowledge of existing mechanical devices and their associated disturbance levels. This study evaluates a SmallSat mission and seeks to answer basic questions concerning on-orbit vibration. Payloads were considered from the Earth observing, microgravity, and imaging communities. Candidate payload requirements were matched to spacecraft bus resources of present day SmallSats. From the set of candidate payloads, the representative payload GLAS (Geoscience Laser Altimeter System) was selected. The requirements of GLAS were considered very stringent for the 150 - 500 kg class of payloads. Once the payload was selected, a generic SmallSat was designed in order to accommodate the payload requirements (weight, size, power, etc.). This study seeks to characterize the on-orbit vibration environment of a SmallSat designed for this type of mission and to determine whether a SmallSat can provide the precision pointing and jitter control required for earth observing payloads.

  14. Development of a Food Group-Based Diet Score and Its Association with Bone Mineral Density in the Elderly: The Rotterdam Study

    PubMed Central

    de Jonge, Ester A. L.; Kiefte-de Jong, Jessica C.; de Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M.; Voortman, Trudy; Schoufour, Josje D.; Zillikens, M. Carola; Hofman, Albert; Uitterlinden, André G.; Franco, Oscar H.; Rivadeneira, Fernando

    2015-01-01

    No diet score exists that summarizes the features of a diet that is optimal for bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly. Our aims were (a) to develop a BMD-Diet Score reflecting a diet that may be beneficial for BMD based on the existing literature, and (b) to examine the association of the BMD-Diet Score and the Healthy Diet Indicator, a score based on guidelines of the World Health Organization, with BMD in Dutch elderly participating in a prospective cohort study, the Rotterdam Study (n = 5144). Baseline dietary intake, assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, was categorized into food groups. Food groups that were consistently associated with BMD in the literature were included in the BMD-Diet Score. BMD was measured repeatedly and was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The BMD-Diet Score considered intake of vegetables, fruits, fish, whole grains, legumes/beans and dairy products as “high-BMD” components and meat and confectionary as “low-BMD” components. After adjustment, the BMD-Diet Score was positively associated with BMD (β (95% confidence interval) = 0.009 (0.005, 0.012) g/cm2 per standard deviation). This effect size was approximately three times as large as has been observed for the Healthy Diet Indicator. The food groups included in our BMD-Diet Score could be considered in the development of future dietary guidelines for healthy ageing. PMID:26295256

  15. 76 FR 17544 - Board of Veterans' Appeals: Remand or Referral for Further Action; Notification of Evidence...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-30

    ... the Board's practice of referring unadjudicated claims to the Agency of Original Jurisdiction (AOJ... Rules of Practice to outline the procedures the Board must follow when supplementing the record with a... considering law not considered by the AOJ. The purpose of these amendments is to codify existing practices...

  16. Critical Health Literacy: Shifting Textual-Social Practices in the Health Classroom

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Renwick, Kerry

    2014-01-01

    This paper will consider ways in which students are constructed as aliens in health classrooms. Creating the classroom as a setting for health promotion requires closer attention to those who make use of such space. If classrooms are places where diversity exists and is recognised, then health educators are challenged to consider how students are…

  17. 40 CFR Table 3 to Subpart Wwww of... - Organic HAP Emissions Limits for Existing Open Molding Sources, New Open Molding Sources Emitting...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... cure 25 lb/ton.4 NA—this is considered to be a closed molding operation. 25 lb/ton.4 Use the... vented during spinning and cure 20 lb/ton.4 NA—this is considered to be a closed molding operation. 20 lb...

  18. An Analysis of Patient Perceptions and Expectations to Dental Implants: Is There a Significant Effect on Long-Term Satisfaction Levels?

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    Here we present an analysis of patient perceptions and expectations to dental implant placement and their prosthetic reconstruction, to then consider whether they have an effect on long-term satisfaction levels. A Post-Treatment Completion Questionnaire was designed to analyse whether patient satisfaction is influenced by age and/or gender; has an effect on patient-reported self-confidence levels; contributes to increased levels of oral hygiene; provides further insight into the average pain levels during and after the surgical intervention; or influences further acceptance of dental implant surgery. And then whether relationships exist between any of these factors. 182 consecutive patients completed the survey: 68 males and 114 females (age mean 64.68 years ± 11.23 SD); the average number of months since treatment completion was 37.4 (males) and 62.6 (females). There is a significant relationship between comfort rating and “how well informed” the patient was (p = 0.015). A significantly positive relationship exists between “considering dental implants in the future” and “overall experience” (p = 0.001). A significantly positive relationship exists between “overall satisfaction with appearance” and “satisfaction with comfort” (p = 0.011). A significant relationship exists between “overall satisfaction with appearance,” “satisfaction with comfort,” and “overall satisfaction with experience” (p = 0.001). The results amplify the need to transmit logical, truthful information to patients when dental implant treatment is being considered. The “fully informed” patient will have realistic expectations that lead to high degrees of satisfaction. PMID:28928771

  19. Linear quadratic optimization for positive LTI system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Muhafzan, Yenti, Syafrida Wirma; Zulakmal

    2017-05-01

    Nowaday the linear quadratic optimization subject to positive linear time invariant (LTI) system constitute an interesting study considering it can become a mathematical model of variety of real problem whose variables have to nonnegative and trajectories generated by these variables must be nonnegative. In this paper we propose a method to generate an optimal control of linear quadratic optimization subject to positive linear time invariant (LTI) system. A sufficient condition that guarantee the existence of such optimal control is discussed.

  20. To Take Care of Them: An Ethical Case Study of the Canal Incident

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-06-14

    relativism , which holds there exist no absolutes, and that right and wrong are dependent on the culture and society in which the behavior occurs. Somewhere...103 Bentham suggested it is good to maximize pleasure and minimize suffering. Mill adjusted hedonic philosophy by focusing on maximizing happiness...According to the hedonic calculus, your actions can be considered good because they maximize the pleasure of you living while minimizing the pain of your

  1. Computer-controlled attenuator.

    PubMed

    Mitov, D; Grozev, Z

    1991-01-01

    Various possibilities for applying electronic computer-controlled attenuators for the automation of physiological experiments are considered. A detailed description is given of the design of a 4-channel computer-controlled attenuator, in two of the channels of which the output signal can change by a linear step, in the other two channels--by a logarithmic step. This, together with the existence of additional programmable timers, allows to automate a wide range of studies in different spheres of physiology and psychophysics, including vision and hearing.

  2. A high fusion power gain tandem mirror

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fowler, T. K.; Moir, R. W.; Simonen, T. C.

    2017-10-01

    Utilizing advances in high field superconducting magnet technology and microwave gyrotrons we illustrate the possibility of a high power gain (Q = 10-20) tandem mirror fusion reactor. Inspired by recent Gas Dynamic Trap (GDT) achievements we employ a simple axisymmetric mirror magnet configuration. We consider both DT and cat. DD fuel options that utilize existing as well as future technology development. We identify subjects requiring further study such as hot electron physics, trapped particle modes and plasma startup.

  3. Systematic Study of p-type Doping and Related Defects in III-Nitrides: Pathway toward a Nitride HBT

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-11-20

    InGaN growth where an intermediate regime does not exist.40 Considering GaN molecular - beam epitaxy (MBE) growth phase diagrams such as those...1009 (2007). 44 S. D. Burnham, Improved Understanding and Control of Magnesium-Doped Gallium Nitride by Plasma Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy , in...reported using a modified form of molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) called Metal-Modulated Epitaxy (MME).11, 12 The details of this shuttered technique

  4. Small vibrations of a linearly elastic body surrounded by heavy, incompressible, non-Newtonian fluids with free surfaces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Licht, Christian; Tran Thu Ha

    2005-02-01

    We consider the small transient motions of a coupled system constituted by a linearly elastic body and two heavy, incompressible, non-Newtonian fluids.Through a formulation in terms of non-linear evolution equations in Hilbert spaces of possible states with finite mechanical energy, we obtain existence and uniqueness results and study the influence of gravity. To cite this article: C. Licht, Tran Thu Ha, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).

  5. Consolidation and reconsolidation: Two lives of memories?

    PubMed Central

    McKenzie, Sam; Eichenbaum, Howard

    2011-01-01

    Most studies on memory consolidation consider the new information as if it were imposed on a tabula rasa, but considerable evidence indicates that new memories must be interleaved within a large network of relevant pre-existing knowledge. Early studies on reconsolidation highlighted that a newly consolidated memory could be erased after reactivation, but new evidence has shown that an effective reactivation experience must also involve memory re-organization to incorporate new learning. The combination of these observations on consolidation and reconsolidation highlight the fundamental similarities of both phenomena as integration of new information on old, and suggest that reconsolidation = consolidation as a never-ending process of schema modification. Memories evolve over time, and many have come to consider that memories have two extended “lives” following the initial encoding of new information. The first, called consolidation, involves a prolonged period after learning when new information becomes fixed at a cellular level and interleaved among already existing memories to enrich our body of personal and factual knowledge. The second, called reconsolidation, turns the tables on a memory and involves the converse process in which a newly consolidated memory is now subject to modification though subsequent reminders and interference. Here we propose that the time has come to join the literatures on these two lives of memories, towards the goal of understanding memory as an ever-evolving organization of the record of experience. PMID:21791282

  6. Size distribution, characteristics and sources of heavy metals in haze episode in Beijing.

    PubMed

    Duan, Jingchun; Tan, Jihua; Hao, Jiming; Chai, Fahe

    2014-01-01

    Size segragated samples were collected during high polluted winter haze days in 2006 in Beijing, China. Twenty nine elements and 9 water soluble ions were determined. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effect on human being. Among these heavy metals, the levels of Mn, As and Cd exceeded the reference values of National Ambient Air Quality Standard (GB3095-2012) and guidelines of World Health Organization. By estimation, high percentage of atmospheric heavy metals in PM2.5 indicates it is an effective way to control atmospheric heavy metals by PM2.5 controlling. Pb, Cd, and Zn show mostly in accumulation mode, V, Mn and Cu exist mostly in both coarse and accumulation modes, and Ni and Cr exist in all of the three modes. Considering the health effect, the breakthrough rates of atmospheric heavy metals into pulmonary alveoli are: Pb (62.1%) > As (58.1%) > Cd (57.9%) > Zn (57.7%) > Cu (55.8%) > Ni (53.5%) > Cr (52.2%) > Mn (49.2%) > V (43.5%). Positive matrix factorization method was applied for source apportionment of studied heavy metals combined with some marker elements and ions such as K, As, SO4(2-) etc., and four factors (dust, vehicle, aged and transportation, unknown) are identified and the size distribution contribution of them to atmospheric heavy metals are discussed.

  7. Physical phenomena and the microgravity response

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Todd, Paul

    1989-01-01

    The living biological cell is not a sack of Newtonian fluid containing systems of chemical reactions at equilibrium. It is a kinetically driven system, not a thermodynamically driven system. While the cell as a whole might be considered isothermal, at the scale of individual macromolecular events there is heat generated, and presumably sharp thermal gradients exist at the submicron level. Basic physical phenomena to be considered when exploring the cell's response to inertial acceleration include particle sedimentation, solutal convection, motility electrokinetics, cytoskeletal work, and hydrostatic pressure. Protein crystal growth experiments, for example, illustrate the profound effects of convection currents on macromolecular assembly. Reaction kinetics in the cell vary all the way from diffusion-limited to life-time limited. Transport processes vary from free diffusion, to facilitated and active transmembrane transport, to contractile-protein-driven motility, to crystalline immobilization. At least four physical states of matter exist in the cell: aqueous, non-aqueous, immiscible-aqueous, and solid. Levels of order vary from crystalline to free solution. The relative volumes of these states profoundly influence the cell's response to inertial acceleration. Such subcellular phenomena as stretch-receptor activation, microtubule re-assembly, synaptic junction formation, chemotactic receptor activation, and statolith sedimentation were studied recently with respect to both their basic mechanisms and their responsiveness to inertial acceleration. From such studies a widespread role of cytoskeletal organization is becoming apparent.

  8. Rogue waves: a unique approach to multidisciplinary physics

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Residori, S.; Onorato, M.; Bortolozzo, U.; Arecchi, F. T.

    2017-01-01

    Rogue waves are giant waves appearing erratically and unexpectedly on the ocean surfaces. Their existence, considered as mythical in the ancient times, has recently been recognised by the scientific community and, since then, rogue waves have become the object of numerous theoretical and experimental studies. Their relevance is not restricted to oceanography, but it extends in a wide spectrum of physical contexts. General models and mathematical tools have been developed on a interdisciplinary ground and many experiments have been specifically conceived for the observation of rogue waves in a variety of different physical systems. Rogue wave phenomena are, nowadays, studied, for instance, in hydrodynamics, optics, plasmas, complex media, Bose-Einstein condensation and acoustics. We can, therefore, consider rogue waves as a paradigmatic description, able to account for the manifestation of extreme events in multidisciplinary physics. In this review, we present the main physical concepts and mathematical tools for the description of rogue waves. We will refer mostly to examples from water waves and optics, the two domains having in common the non-linear Schrödinger equation from which prototype rogue wave solutions can be derived. We will highlight the most common features of the rogue wave phenomena, as the large deviations from the Gaussian statistics of the amplitude, the existence of many uncorrelated 'grains' of activity and their clustering in inhomogeneous spatial domains via large-scale symmetry breaking.

  9. Does an activity based remuneration system attract young doctors to general practice?

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background The use of increasingly complex payment schemes in primary care may represent a barrier to recruiting general practitioners (GP). The existing Norwegian remuneration system is fully activity based - 2/3 fee-for-service and 1/3 capitation. Given that the system has been designed and revised in close collaborations with the medical association, it is likely to correspond - at least to some degree - with the preferences of current GPs (men in majority). The objective of this paper was to study which preferences that young doctors (women in majority), who are the potential entrants to general practice have for activity based vs. salary based payment systems. Methods In November-December 2010 all last year medical students and all interns in Norway (n = 1.562) were invited to participate in an online survey. The respondents were asked their opinion on systems of remuneration for GPs; inclination to work as a GP; risk attitude; income preferences; work pace tolerance. The data was analysed using one-way ANOVA and multinomial logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 831 (53%) responded. Nearly half the sample (47%) did not consider the remuneration system to be important for their inclination to work as GP; 36% considered the current system to make general practice more attractive, while 17% considered it to make general practice less attractive. Those who are attracted by the existing system were men and those who think high income is important, while those who are deterred by the system are risk averse and less happy with a high work pace. On the question of preferred remuneration system, half the sample preferred a mix of salary and activity based remuneration (the median respondent would prefer a 50/50 mix). Only 20% preferred a fully activity based system like the existing one. A salary system was preferred by women, and those less concerned with high income, while a fully activity based system was preferred by men, and those happy with a high work pace. Conclusions Given a concern about low recruitment to general practice in Norway, and the fact that an increasing share of medical students is women, we were interested in the extent to which the current Norwegian remuneration system correspond with the preferences of potential GPs. This study suggests that an existing remuneration mechanism has a selection effect on who would like to become a GP. Those most attracted are income motivated men. Those deterred are risk averse, and less happy with a high work pace. More research is needed on the extent to which experienced GPs differ along the questions we asked potential GPs, as well as studying the relative importance of other attributes than payment schemes. PMID:22433750

  10. FIND: difFerential chromatin INteractions Detection using a spatial Poisson process.

    PubMed

    Djekidel, Mohamed Nadhir; Chen, Yang; Zhang, Michael Q

    2018-02-12

    Polymer-based simulations and experimental studies indicate the existence of a spatial dependency between the adjacent DNA fibers involved in the formation of chromatin loops. However, the existing strategies for detecting differential chromatin interactions assume that the interacting segments are spatially independent from the other segments nearby. To resolve this issue, we developed a new computational method, FIND, which considers the local spatial dependency between interacting loci. FIND uses a spatial Poisson process to detect differential chromatin interactions that show a significant difference in their interaction frequency and the interaction frequency of their neighbors. Simulation and biological data analysis show that FIND outperforms the widely used count-based methods and has a better signal-to-noise ratio. © 2018 Djekidel et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

  11. Issues of data governance associated with data mining in medical research: experiences from an empirical study.

    PubMed

    Nahar, Jesmin; Imam, Tasadduq; Tickle, Kevin S; Garcia-Alonso, Debora

    2013-01-01

    This chapter is a review of data mining techniques used in medical research. It will cover the existing applications of these techniques in the identification of diseases, and also present the authors' research experiences in medical disease diagnosis and analysis. A computational diagnosis approach can have a significant impact on accurate diagnosis and result in time and cost effective solutions. The chapter will begin with an overview of computational intelligence concepts, followed by details on different classification algorithms. Use of association learning, a well recognised data mining procedure, will also be discussed. Many of the datasets considered in existing medical data mining research are imbalanced, and the chapter focuses on this issue as well. Lastly, the chapter outlines the need of data governance in this research domain.

  12. Nuclear pasta phases within the quark-meson coupling model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grams, Guilherme; Santos, Alexandre M.; Panda, Prafulla K.; Providência, Constança; Menezes, Débora P.

    2017-05-01

    In this work, the low-density regions of nuclear and neutron star matter are studied. The search for the existence of nuclear pasta phases in this region is performed within the context of the quark-meson coupling (QMC) model, which incorporates quark degrees of freedom. Fixed proton fractions are considered, as well as nuclear matter in β equilibrium at zero temperature. We discuss the recent attempts to better understand the surface energy in the coexistence phases regime and we present results that show the existence of the pasta phases subject to some choices of the surface energy coefficient. We also analyze the influence of the nuclear pasta on some neutron star properties. The equation of state containing the pasta phase will be part of a complete grid for future use in supernova simulations.

  13. Some series of intuitionistic fuzzy interactive averaging aggregation operators.

    PubMed

    Garg, Harish

    2016-01-01

    In this paper, some series of new intuitionistic fuzzy averaging aggregation operators has been presented under the intuitionistic fuzzy sets environment. For this, some shortcoming of the existing operators are firstly highlighted and then new operational law, by considering the hesitation degree between the membership functions, has been proposed to overcome these. Based on these new operation laws, some new averaging aggregation operators namely, intuitionistic fuzzy Hamacher interactive weighted averaging, ordered weighted averaging and hybrid weighted averaging operators, labeled as IFHIWA, IFHIOWA and IFHIHWA respectively has been proposed. Furthermore, some desirable properties such as idempotency, boundedness, homogeneity etc. are studied. Finally, a multi-criteria decision making method has been presented based on proposed operators for selecting the best alternative. A comparative concelebration between the proposed operators and the existing operators are investigated in detail.

  14. Evaluating existing access opportunities for disabled persons at remote shoreline recreation sites

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bley, M.R.; Kearns, M.T.

    1995-12-31

    Draft guidelines for providing outdoor recreation access opportunities for disabled persons have been recommended by the Recreation Access Advisory Committee and in the Universal Access to Outdoor Recreation: A Design Guide. The Federal Energy Regulatory Commission requires applicants for new hydropower licenses to consider access opportunities for disabled persons at existing hydropower projects. A process for evaluating existing access opportunities for disabled persons at remote shoreline recreation sites at hydropower projects is described. The process includes five steps: (1) preparing a preliminary map of existing recreation sites; (2) data collection in the field; (3) evaluating compliance of existing facilities; (4)more » feasibility of enhancing existing facilities; and (5) designing enhancements. The process will be refined when final standards and processes are approved by the appropriate agencies and organizations.« less

  15. Environmental engineering of navigation infrastructure: a survey of existing practices, challenges, and potential opportunities.

    PubMed

    Fredette, Thomas J; Foran, Christy M; Brasfield, Sandra M; Suedel, Burton C

    2012-01-01

    Navigation infrastructure such as channels, jetties, river training structures, and lock-and-dam facilities are primary components of a safe and efficient water transportation system. Planning for such infrastructure has until recently involved efforts to minimize impacts on the environment through a standardized environmental assessment process. More recently, consistent with environmental sustainability concepts, planners have begun to consider how such projects can also be constructed with environmental enhancements. This study examined the existing institutional conditions within the US Army Corps of Engineers and cooperating federal agencies relative to incorporating environmental enhancements into navigation infrastructure projects. The study sought to (1) investigate institutional attitudes towards the environmental enhancement of navigation infrastructure (EENI) concept, (2) identify potential impediments to implementation and solutions to such impediments, (3) identify existing navigation projects designed with the express intent of enhancing environmental benefit in addition to the primary project purpose, (4) identify innovative ideas for increasing environmental benefits for navigation projects, (5) identify needs for additional technical information or research, and (6) identify laws, regulations, and policies that both support and hinder such design features. The principal investigation tool was an Internet-based survey with 53 questions. The survey captured a wide range of perspectives on the EENI concept including ideas, concerns, research needs, and relevant laws and policies. Study recommendations included further promotion of the concept of EENI to planners and designers, documentation of existing projects, initiation of pilot studies on some of the innovative ideas provided through the survey, and development of national goals and interagency agreements to facilitate implementation. Copyright © 2011 SETAC.

  16. Simulation-Based Prediction of Equivalent Continuous Noises during Construction Processes

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Hong; Pei, Yun

    2016-01-01

    Quantitative prediction of construction noise is crucial to evaluate construction plans to help make decisions to address noise levels. Considering limitations of existing methods for measuring or predicting the construction noise and particularly the equivalent continuous noise level over a period of time, this paper presents a discrete-event simulation method for predicting the construction noise in terms of equivalent continuous level. The noise-calculating models regarding synchronization, propagation and equivalent continuous level are presented. The simulation framework for modeling the noise-affected factors and calculating the equivalent continuous noise by incorporating the noise-calculating models into simulation strategy is proposed. An application study is presented to demonstrate and justify the proposed simulation method in predicting the equivalent continuous noise during construction. The study contributes to provision of a simulation methodology to quantitatively predict the equivalent continuous noise of construction by considering the relevant uncertainties, dynamics and interactions. PMID:27529266

  17. Consider the source: persuasion of implicit evaluations is moderated by source credibility.

    PubMed

    Smith, Colin Tucker; De Houwer, Jan; Nosek, Brian A

    2013-02-01

    The long history of persuasion research shows how to change explicit, self-reported evaluations through direct appeals. At the same time, research on how to change implicit evaluations has focused almost entirely on techniques of retraining existing evaluations or manipulating contexts. In five studies, we examined whether direct appeals can change implicit evaluations in the same way as they do explicit evaluations. In five studies, both explicit and implicit evaluations showed greater evidence of persuasion following information presented by a highly credible source than a source low in credibility. Whereas cognitive load did not alter the effect of source credibility on explicit evaluations, source credibility had an effect on the persuasion of implicit evaluations only when participants were encouraged and able to consider information about the source. Our findings reveal the relevance of persuasion research for changing implicit evaluations and provide new ideas about the processes underlying both types of evaluation.

  18. Hawking radiation and propagation of massive charged scalar field on a three-dimensional Gödel black hole

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    González, P. A.; Övgün, Ali; Saavedra, Joel; Vásquez, Yerko

    2018-06-01

    In this paper we consider the three-dimensional Gödel black hole as a background and we study the vector particle tunneling from this background in order to obtain the Hawking temperature. Then, we study the propagation of a massive charged scalar field and we find the quasinormal modes analytically, which turns out be unstable as a consequence of the existence of closed time-like curves. Also, we consider the flux at the horizon and at infinity, and we compute the reflection and transmission coefficients as well as the absorption cross section. Mainly, we show that massive charged scalar waves can be superradiantly amplified by the three-dimensional Gödel black hole and that the coefficients have an oscillatory behavior. Moreover, the absorption cross section is null at the high frequency limit and for certain values of the frequency.

  19. A bicycle safety index for evaluating urban street facilities.

    PubMed

    Asadi-Shekari, Zohreh; Moeinaddini, Mehdi; Zaly Shah, Muhammad

    2015-01-01

    The objectives of this research are to conceptualize the Bicycle Safety Index (BSI) that considers all parts of the street and to propose a universal guideline with microscale details. A point system method comparing existing safety facilities to a defined standard is proposed to estimate the BSI. Two streets in Singapore and Malaysia are chosen to examine this model. The majority of previous measurements to evaluate street conditions for cyclists usually cannot cover all parts of streets, including segments and intersections. Previous models also did not consider all safety indicators and cycling facilities at a microlevel in particular. This study introduces a new concept of a practical BSI to complete previous studies using its practical, easy-to-follow, point system-based outputs. This practical model can be used in different urban settings to estimate the level of safety for cycling and suggest some improvements based on the standards.

  20. Personalizing Biomaterials for Precision Nanomedicine Considering the Local Tissue Microenvironment.

    PubMed

    Oliva, Nuria; Unterman, Shimon; Zhang, Yi; Conde, João; Song, Hyun Seok; Artzi, Natalie

    2015-08-05

    New advances in (nano)biomaterial design coupled with the detailed study of tissue-biomaterial interactions can open a new chapter in personalized medicine, where biomaterials are chosen and designed to match specific tissue types and disease states. The notion of a "one size fits all" biomaterial no longer exists, as growing evidence points to the value of customizing material design to enhance (pre)clinical performance. The complex microenvironment in vivo at different tissue sites exhibits diverse cell types, tissue chemistry, tissue morphology, and mechanical stresses that are further altered by local pathology. This complex and dynamic environment may alter the implanted material's properties and in turn affect its in vivo performance. It is crucial, therefore, to carefully study tissue context and optimize biomaterials considering the implantation conditions. This practice would enable attaining predictable material performance and enhance clinical outcomes. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

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