Who Studies STEM Subjects at a Level and Degree in England? An Investigation into the Intersections between Students' Family Background, Gender and Ethnicity in Determining Choice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Codiroli Mcmaster, Natasha

2017-01-01

The relative lack of students studying post-compulsory STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) subjects is a key policy concern. A particular issue is the disparities in uptake by students' family background, gender and ethnicity. It remains unclear whether the relationship between student characteristics and choice can be…

Mergers and acquisitions: what has changed.

PubMed

2011-01-01

The Healthcare Financial Management Association's Principles and Practices (P&P) Board prepares background papers to provide views on an issue from a variety of sources and is intended to produce a thorough understanding of the issue. The purpose of this background paper is to provide clarity around certain issues arising in business combinations of not-for-profit entities.

Diversity and Inclusion of Sociopolitical Issues in Foreign Language Classrooms: An Exploratory Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kubota, Ryuko; Austin, Theresa; Saito-Abbott, Yoshiko

2003-01-01

Investigated diversity in the classroom, student background and learning experiences, and perceptions about the relationship between foreign language learning and issues of race, gender, class, and social justice among university students studying Spanish, Japanese, and Swahili. Found more racial diversity in Japanese and Swahili classes and in…

Global Issues: Activities and Resources for the High School Teacher.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Switzer, Kenneth A.; Mulloy, Paul T.

The book is an introduction to teaching about contemporary global concerns in the high school social studies classroom. It contains background and lesson plans for seven units in addition to 39 reproducible student handouts, annotated lists of other good classroom resources, and a guide to sources of teaching materials on global issues. Topics…

High-Performance Sport, Learning and Culture: New Horizons for Sport Pedagogues?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penney, Dawn; McMahon, Jenny

2016-01-01

Background: Research in sport coaching and sport pedagogy including studies published in this special issue bring to the fore the relationship between learning and culture in contexts of high-performance sport. This paper acknowledged that how learning, culture and their relationship are conceptualised is a crucial issue for researchers and…

Beyond an Operational Reserve

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

Background, and Bibliography, (New York: Nova Science Pub Inc, 2002), 72. 46 components, the first in 1993 and later in 1997, to discuss the...8 George Bennett, The United States Army: Issues, Background, and Bibliography, (New York: Nova Science Pub Inc, 2002), 71...George Bennett, The United States Army: Issues, Background, and Bibliography, (New York: Nova Science Pub Inc, 2002), 74. 11 Angelo, M. Reserve

The Teaching Profession against the Background of Educationalisation: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hooge, Edith Helena; Honingh, Marlies Elisabeth; Langelaan, Berber Nadia

2011-01-01

This article focuses on the teaching profession against the background of educationalisation in the Netherlands in the sense that Dutch schools are increasingly regarded as focal points at which to address and solve social issues. Our research project concentrated on the extent to which teachers, being key figures in the school organisation,…

Space station human productivity study. Volume 5: Management plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The 67 Management Plans represent recommended study approaches for resolving 108 of the 305 Issues which were identified. Each study Management Plan is prepared in three formats: Management Plan Overview (lists the subsumed Issues, study background, and related overview information); Study Plan (details the study approach by tasks, lists special needs, and describes expected study products); Schedule-Task Flow (provides a time-lined schedule for the study tasks and resource requirements). The Management Relationships Matrix, included in this volume, shows the data input-output relationships among all recommended studies. A listing is also included which cross-references the unresolved requirements to Issues to management plans. A glossary of all abbreviations utilized is provided.

Special Education in Hong Kong: Background, Contemporary Trends and Issues in Programs for Learners with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lian, Ming-Gon John; Tse, Andrew Chung-yee; Li, Alison Man Ching

2007-01-01

Since the handover of the sovereignty from the United Kingdom to the People's Republic of China in 1997, there have been a series of change, development, and related issues in special education programs for learners with disabilities in Hong Kong. In this paper, we try to describe the background and recent trends, issues, and implications that…

Issues Relating to Selective Reporting When Including Non-Randomized Studies in Systematic Reviews on the Effects of Healthcare Interventions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norris, Susan L.; Moher, David; Reeves, Barnaby C.; Shea, Beverley; Loke, Yoon; Garner, Sarah; Anderson, Laurie; Tugwell, Peter; Wells, George

2013-01-01

Background: Selective outcome and analysis reporting (SOR and SAR) occur when only a subset of outcomes measured and analyzed in a study is fully reported, and are an important source of potential bias. Key methodological issues: We describe what is known about the prevalence and effects of SOR and SAR in both randomized controlled trials (RCTs)…

Addressing the Crisis in Curriculum Studies: Curriculum Integration That Bridges Issues of Identity and Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia-Huidobro, Juan Cristobal

2018-01-01

Many people from non-dominant backgrounds or believers from various religions want their children to acquire the best modern knowledge and to remain open to their home cultures and beliefs. However, this double aspiration poses complex challenges, and most scholars have either stressed the importance of addressing identity (and diversity) issues,…

Workforce Issues--Rural Illinois Hospital Chief Executive Officers' Perceptions of Provider Shortages and Issues in Rural Recruitment and Retention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glasser, Michael; Peters, Karen; MacDowell, Martin

2006-01-01

Background: It is important to assess rural health professions workforce needs and identify variables in recruitment and retention of rural health professionals. Purpose: This study examined the perspectives of rural hospital chief executive officers (CEOs) regarding workforce needs and their views of factors in the recruitment and retention…

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-10

Department of Energy questioned the management practices at the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA), which is responsible for the LEP, arguing...U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy February 10, 2017...

Computer Software & Intellectual Property. Background Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Office of Technology Assessment.

This background paper reviews copyright, patent, and trade secret protections as these issues are related to computer software. Topics discussed include current issues regarding legal protection for computer software including the necessity for defining intellectual property, determining what should or should not be protected, commerical piracy,…

Teaching Controversial Issues in the JLL Classroom for Chinese Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shimojimai, Yasuko

2017-01-01

This paper discusses how teachers explore teaching controversial issues in the Japanese language classroom to Japanese language learner (JLL) or culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students who have different cultural and political backgrounds. Assuring educational opportunities with consideration of JLLs' background is important…

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-07

resources and to address socioeconomic impacts of changing patterns in the use of natural resources. Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for...also increasingly being viewed by some observers as a potential emerging security issue. In varying degrees, the Arctic coastal states have...by the term. Policy discussions of the Arctic can employ varying definitions of the region, and readers should bear in mind that the definition used

The Influence of Religious Background and School Philosophy on Moral Reasoning in Selected Columbus High School Seniors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bainer, Deborah Louise

This study attempted to determine if the Judeo-Christian tradition, when part of an individual's religious background and when incorporated into school philosophy, influenced the level of decision-making of high school seniors (N=130) in sociomoral and environmental issues. Subjects, attending four public and private schools in the Columbus (Ohio)…

Inequalities in Students' Choice of STEM Subjects: An Exploration of Intersectional Relationships. CLS Working Paper 2015/6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Codiroli, Natasha

2015-01-01

The relative lack of students studying post-compulsory STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics) subjects is a key policy concern. A particular issue is the disparities in uptake by students' family background, gender and ethnicity. It remains unclear whether the effects of family background can be explained by academic disparities,…

Further Improvement of the RITS Code for Pulsed Neutron Bragg-edge Transmission Imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, H.; Watanabe, K.; Kiyokawa, K.; Kiyanagi, R.; Hara, K. Y.; Kamiyama, T.; Furusaka, M.; Shinohara, T.; Kiyanagi, Y.

The RITS code is a unique and powerful tool for a whole Bragg-edge transmission spectrum fitting analysis. However, it has had two major problems. Therefore, we have proposed methods to overcome these problems. The first issue is the difference in the crystallite size values between the diffraction and the Bragg-edge analyses. We found the reason was a different definition of the crystal structure factor. It affects the crystallite size because the crystallite size is deduced from the primary extinction effect which depends on the crystal structure factor. As a result of algorithm change, crystallite sizes obtained by RITS drastically approached to crystallite sizes obtained by Rietveld analyses of diffraction data; from 155% to 110%. The second issue is correction of the effect of background neutrons scattered from a specimen. Through neutron transport simulation studies, we found that the background components consist of forward Bragg scattering, double backward Bragg scattering, and thermal diffuse scattering. RITS with the background correction function which was developed through the simulation studies could well reconstruct various simulated and experimental transmission spectra, but refined crystalline microstructural parameters were often distorted. Finally, it was recommended to reduce the background by improving experimental conditions.

Promoting Mental Health and Preventing Substance Abuse and Violence in Elementary Students: A Randomized Control Study of the Michigan Model for Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Neill, James M.; Clark, Jeffrey K.; Jones, James A.

2011-01-01

Background: In elementary grades, comprehensive health education curricula mostly have demonstrated effectiveness in addressing singular health issues. The Michigan Model for Health (MMH) was implemented and evaluated to determine its impact on multiple health issues, including social and emotional skills, prosocial behavior, and drug use and…

Turkish Preservice Science Teachers' Socioscientific Issues-Based Teaching Practices in Middle School Science Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Genel, Abdulkadir; Topçu, Mustafa Sami

2016-01-01

Background: Despite a growing body of research and curriculum reforms including socioscientific issues (SSI) across the world, how preservice science teachers (PST) or in-service science teachers can teach SSI in science classrooms needs further inquiry. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the abilities of PSTs to teach SSI in middle…

Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-10-15

resources and to address socioeconomic impacts of changing patterns in the use of natural resources. Changes in the Arctic: Background and Issues for...by some observers as a potential emerging security issue. In varying degrees, the Arctic coastal states have indicated a willingness to establish and...varying definitions of the region, and readers should bear in mind that the definition used in one discussion may differ from that used in another. This

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-10

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces January 10, 2017......Congressional Research Service Summary The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is being developed by the Army and the Marine Corps as a successor to the High

Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-24

strategy for the OPC; Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service • the potential for using...Acquisition Strategy ........................................................... 24 2012 Testimony...Guard’s funding requests and acquisition strategies for the NSC, OPC, and FRC programs. Congress’s decisions on these three programs could

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-27

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist...... block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress permits the Department of Defense (DOD) to use for a limited number of

GammaKnife surgery: safety and the identity of users.

PubMed

Dinka, David; Nyce, James M; Timpka, Toomas

2005-01-01

In this study we investigated safety-related usability issues of an advanced medical technology, a radiosurgery system. We were interested in which criteria are important for users when a system's usability and safety is to be improved. The data collection was based on interviews and observations at three different sites where the Leksell GammaKnife is used. The analysis was qualitative. The main finding was that the user's identity or professional background has a significant impact both on how he or she views his or her role in the clinical setting, and on how he or she defines what improvements are necessary and general safety issues. In fact, the opinion even of users experienced in safety-related problems was highly influenced by how they related to the technology and its development. None of the users actually considered Leksell GammaKnife as lacking in safety, instead, their assessment was directed towards potential future system improvements. Our findings suggest that the importance of user identity or professional background cannot be neglected during the development of advanced technology. They also suggest that the user feedback should always be related to user background and identity in order to understand how important different issues are for particular users.

Non-English Speaking Background Workers' Literacies--a Health and Safety Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyatt-Smith, Claire; Castleton, Geraldine

1995-01-01

Summarizes the experiences of workers from non-English-speaking backgrounds (NESB) in accessing safety information. The article examines the issue through the workers' eyes and focuses on the potential relationships between language and literacy and workplace health and safety and a concern for the reasons why some NESB workers are losers in…

Latchkey Children and School-Age Child Care: A Background Briefing. Policy Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fink, Dale B.

This background briefing paper synthesizes current thinking and practice on the issue of latchkey children and school-age child care (SACC). The paper defines the problem of latchkey children; reviews related literature and programmatic responses to the problem; reports responses of four southern states; and points out implications for policy…

Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-17

Navy DDG- 51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs December 17......Congressional Research Service Summary The Navy has been procuring Arleigh Burke (DDG- 51 ) class Aegis destroyers since FY1985. The two DDG- 51 class

Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-20

within budget constraints. Navy officials stated that DDG- 51s can provide the area -defense AAW, BMD, and open-ocean ASW capabilities that the Navy wants...Navy DDG- 51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs May 20, 2016...

Praiseworthiness: predictors of positive interpersonal judgments.

PubMed

Ogletree, Shirley M; Covington, Jennifer A; Archer, Richard L

2013-06-01

Deterministic attitudes, information about a person's background, one's perceived similarity to a target person, and attributions of effort and ability may affect praiseworthiness. Two vignette studies with college student participants were conducted to consider this issue. Based on regression analyses, attributing achievement to effort was the strongest predictor of praiseworthiness across both studies. In addition, evidence for an augmenting effect of an impoverished background on praiseworthiness was found. In the first study, perceived similarity to the target individual and religious-philosophical determinism were also predictors of praiseworthiness, while belief in free will predicted praiseworthiness in the second study. Judgments of praiseworthiness may be tied to a number of factors; among the most important of these are overcoming an impoverished childhood background and the attributed effort required for success.

Relative arrival-time upper-mantle tomography and the elusive background mean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bastow, Ian D.

2012-08-01

The interpretation of seismic tomographic images of upper-mantle seismic wave speed structure is often a matter of considerable debate because the observations can usually be explained by a range of hypotheses, including variable temperature, composition, anisotropy, and the presence of partial melt. An additional problem, often overlooked in tomographic studies using relative as opposed to absolute arrival-times, is the issue of the resulting velocity model's zero mean. In shield areas, for example, relative arrival-time analysis strips off a background mean velocity structure that is markedly fast compared to the global average. Conversely, in active areas, the background mean is often markedly slow compared to the global average. Appreciation of this issue is vital when interpreting seismic tomographic images: 'high' and 'low' velocity anomalies should not necessarily be interpreted, respectively, as 'fast' and 'slow' compared to 'normal mantle'. This issue has been discussed in the seismological literature in detail over the years, yet subsequent tomography studies have still fallen into the trap of mis-interpreting their velocity models. I highlight here some recent examples of this and provide a simple strategy to address the problem using constraints from a recent global tomographic model, and insights from catalogues of absolute traveltime anomalies. Consultation of such absolute measures of seismic wave speed should be routine during regional tomographic studies, if only for the benefit of the broader Earth Science community, who readily follow the red = hot and slow, blue = cold and fast rule of thumb when interpreting the images for themselves.

Interactive Technologies and the Social Studies. Emerging Issues and Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martorella, Peter H., Ed.

This book includes contributions from seven authors with diverse backgrounds, whose specializations include the area of social studies education, software development, computer science, and visual design. The chapters are: (1) "Online Learning Communities: Implications for the Social Studies" (Lynn A. Fontana); (2) "Bringing Preservice Teachers…

Juvenile Arrest: A Cross-Cultural Comparison

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vermeiren, Robert; Jones, Stephanie M.; Ruchkin, Vladislav; Deboutte, Dirk; Schwab-Stone, Mary

2004-01-01

Background: Cross-national studies describing the psychopathological characteristics of arrested adolescents are virtually non-existent. Such studies are important because they have implications for national policy on arrest, case-management, and future research. Method: To address this issue, self-report surveys administered to representative…

Contexts of Congressional Decision Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

type, issue dimension measured, and data source. This research design al:o employed controls for member backgrounds and constituency characteristics...34 Contextual Theory . . 15 1. The Integration of Contending Models of the Legislative Process ............ 15 2. The Transcendence of "Static" Research Designs ...Issue.Characteristics . . ........ 1713 3. Communications Controlled by Background and Constituency Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18:3 0. Summary and

The Economics of Fishing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stowell, G.H.

1982-01-01

Presents background material to help British high school students study the economics of the fishing industry. Students apply their knowledge of cost and revenue theory to a case study of a European Economic Community fisheries dispute which raises questions about government intervention in international resource allocation issues. (AM)

The Gasoline Shortage: A National Perspective; A Background Paper, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, U.S. Senate, Ninety-Third Congress, First Session. [Committee Print

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.

This publication is a background document for the National Fuels and Energy Policy Study authorized by Senate Resolution 45. The purpose of this report is to identify the issues, to describe the impact of present policy on gasoline supply and demand, and to suggest potential measures to reduce the shortfall. This document is published to assist…

Air Force KC-X Tanker Aircraft Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-05

General ..................................................................................................................... 12 Best Value vs . Lowest...Druyan was a single “bad apple ” and that her actions did not negate the merits of leasing Boeing 767s for use as tankers. In February 2005, however...Force KC-X Tanker Aircraft Program: Background and Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service 17 Best Value vs . Lowest Cost The question of

Characteristics of Teachers; A Survey Tool for Policy Making. A Descriptive Study in Liberia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reed, Rodney J.

This study examines the usefulness of survey instruments in educational policy making in Liberia, a developing country. The chapter, "Liberia, an Overview," summarizes available background information about Liberian education and introduces the complex issues facing educational planners. "Procedures," discusses the general…

Emerging Characteristics of Women Administrators in Texas Community/Junior Colleges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Durnovo, Maya

A study was conducted to examine the characteristics of women administrators in Texas public community colleges. Specifically, the study examined what positions women administrators occupied at what institutions; their educational, professional, and personal background; career mobility issues; the significance of mentoring; the differences among…

Issues in Quantitative Analysis of Ultraviolet Imager (UV) Data: Airglow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Germany, G. A.; Richards, P. G.; Spann, J. F.; Brittnacher, M. J.; Parks, G. K.

1999-01-01

The GGS Ultraviolet Imager (UVI) has proven to be especially valuable in correlative substorm, auroral morphology, and extended statistical studies of the auroral regions. Such studies are based on knowledge of the location, spatial, and temporal behavior of auroral emissions. More quantitative studies, based on absolute radiometric intensities from UVI images, require a more intimate knowledge of the instrument behavior and data processing requirements and are inherently more difficult than studies based on relative knowledge of the oval location. In this study, UVI airglow observations are analyzed and compared with model predictions to illustrate issues that arise in quantitative analysis of UVI images. These issues include instrument calibration, long term changes in sensitivity, and imager flat field response as well as proper background correction. Airglow emissions are chosen for this study because of their relatively straightforward modeling requirements and because of their implications for thermospheric compositional studies. The analysis issues discussed here, however, are identical to those faced in quantitative auroral studies.

Navy Littoral Combat Ship (LCS)/Frigate Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-23

Defense Daily, June 2, 1014 : 4-5; Michael Fabey, “Robust Air Defense Not Needed In New Frigates, Studies Show,” Aerospace Daily & Defense Report...the frigate, according to an Aug. 7 notice posted to the Federal Business Opportunities website.48 Technical Risk and Issues Relating to Program...the Pentagon’s top test and evaluation officer. “Recent developmental testing provides no statistical evidence that the system is demonstrating

Handball Coaches’ Perceptions About the Value of Working Competences According to Their Coaching Background

PubMed Central

Mesquita, Isabel; Borges, Mario; Rosado, Antonio; Souza, Adriano De

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the value attributed to given working competences, by Portuguese handball coaches according to their coaching background, certification level, coaching experience, and level of education. A sample of 207 handball coaches responded to a questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and a scale focused on perceptions of the level of importance attributed to working competences. Data analysis included an exploratory factorial analysis applying Maximum Likelihood Factoring (MLF) and Oblimin rotation. These factors were submitted to a One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparisons to analyse coaches’ perceptions according to their coaching background. A six factor solution was found where three major domains of competences were highlighted; the first one related to training and competition (e.g. planning and conducting the training, team administration in competition, annual and multi-annual planning, and coaching methodology); the second one related to social and cultural issues and management (e.g. implementation of youth sport development projects, team leadership and coach education) and the third one related to the cognitive background (meta-cognitive competences). The importance ascribed to some working competences was influenced by their coaching experience and certification level. Highly experienced and qualified coaches perceived competences of everyday practice, social, cultural and management issues related to training and competition as more important than the other coaches. This study suggests the need to consider some working competences, until now not explicitly present in the Portuguese coaching education curriculum which could enable coaches to choose the best way to practice/work in a manner that will foster and support their professional development. Key points Three major domains of competences were highlighted by Portuguese handball coaches. The first one related to training and competition, the second one related to social and cultural issues and management and the third one related to the cognitive background. The importance ascribed by Portuguese handball coaches to some working competences was influenced by their coaching experience and certification level, as high experienced coaches and coaches with higher certification levels perceived competences related to training and competition of the everyday practice and social, cultural issues and management as more important. The value attributed by Portuguese handball coaches to working competences did not vary according to the coaches’ academic education level. Portuguese handball coaches valued the meta-cognitive competences, the competences to implement sport development project and related to annual and multi-annual planning independently of their coaching background. PMID:24149314

Handball coaches' perceptions about the value of working competences according to their coaching background.

PubMed

Mesquita, Isabel; Borges, Mario; Rosado, Antonio; Souza, Adriano De

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the value attributed to given working competences, by Portuguese handball coaches according to their coaching background, certification level, coaching experience, and level of education. A sample of 207 handball coaches responded to a questionnaire which included demographic characteristics and a scale focused on perceptions of the level of importance attributed to working competences. Data analysis included an exploratory factorial analysis applying Maximum Likelihood Factoring (MLF) and Oblimin rotation. These factors were submitted to a One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc multiple comparisons to analyse coaches' perceptions according to their coaching background. A six factor solution was found where three major domains of competences were highlighted; the first one related to training and competition (e.g. planning and conducting the training, team administration in competition, annual and multi-annual planning, and coaching methodology); the second one related to social and cultural issues and management (e.g. implementation of youth sport development projects, team leadership and coach education) and the third one related to the cognitive background (meta-cognitive competences). The importance ascribed to some working competences was influenced by their coaching experience and certification level. Highly experienced and qualified coaches perceived competences of everyday practice, social, cultural and management issues related to training and competition as more important than the other coaches. This study suggests the need to consider some working competences, until now not explicitly present in the Portuguese coaching education curriculum which could enable coaches to choose the best way to practice/work in a manner that will foster and support their professional development. Key pointsThree major domains of competences were highlighted by Portuguese handball coaches. The first one related to training and competition, the second one related to social and cultural issues and management and the third one related to the cognitive background.The importance ascribed by Portuguese handball coaches to some working competences was influenced by their coaching experience and certification level, as high experienced coaches and coaches with higher certification levels perceived competences related to training and competition of the everyday practice and social, cultural issues and management as more important.The value attributed by Portuguese handball coaches to working competences did not vary according to the coaches' academic education level.Portuguese handball coaches valued the meta-cognitive competences, the competences to implement sport development project and related to annual and multi-annual planning independently of their coaching background.

Global Warming and Ozone Layer Depletion: STS Issues for Social Studies Classrooms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rye, James A.; Strong, Donna D.; Rubba, Peter A.

2001-01-01

Explores the inclusion of science-technology-society (STS) education in social studies. Provides background information on global warming and the depletion of the ozone layer. Focuses on reasons for teaching global climate change in the social studies classroom and includes teaching suggestions. Offers a list of Web sites about global climate…

Expansive Openness in Teacher Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimmons, Royce

2016-01-01

Background/Context: Previous work on the use of open educational resources in K-12 classrooms has generally focused on issues related to cost. The current study takes a more expansive view of openness that also accounts for adaptation and sharing in authentic classroom contexts. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study The study seeks to…

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-03

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy...February 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41464 Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles...Congressional Research Service Summary Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere

WebQuests as Language-Learning Tools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aydin, Selami

2016-01-01

This study presents a review of the literature that examines WebQuests as tools for second-language acquisition and foreign language-learning processes to guide teachers in their teaching activities and researchers in further research on the issue. The study first introduces the theoretical background behind WebQuest use in the mentioned…

Sociocultural Influences and Issues in an Art Class for Brazilian Preservice Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stokrocki, Mary; Coutinho, Regina

This paper looks at how a Brazilian educator implemented Paolo Freire's notion of critical pedagogy. The study describes Brazil's historical background, previous educational conditions, Freire's educational ideas translated into art education, and preservice education. Through participant observation, the study documents the practice of an art…

Characterizing the Background Corona with SDO/AIA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Napier, Kate; Alexander, Caroline; Winebarger, Amy

2014-01-01

Characterizing the nature of the solar coronal background would enable scientists to more accurately determine plasma parameters, and may lead to a better understanding of the coronal heating problem. Because scientists study the 3D structure of the Sun in 2D, any line-of-sight includes both foreground and background material, and thus, the issue of background subtraction arises. By investigating the intensity values in and around an active region, using multiple wavelengths collected from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) over an eight-hour period, this project aims to characterize the background as smooth or structured. Different methods were employed to measure the true coronal background and create minimum intensity images. These were then investigated for the presence of structure. The background images created were found to contain long-lived structures, including coronal loops, that were still present in all of the wavelengths, 131, 171, 193, 211, and 335 A. The intensity profiles across the active region indicate that the background is much more structured than previously thought.

Current Issues: Critical Issues Confronting the Nation and the World [and] Current Issues Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whittaker, Lynn Page

1991-01-01

This annual publication contains reading materials designed to help students understand the complexities of the domestic and foreign policy issues facing the United States. The first portion of the book features background reading on the structure of the Federal Government. Next, 10 domestic policy issues are covered: the economy, education, civil…

Job satisfaction of overseas-qualified nurses working in Australian hospitals.

PubMed

Timilsina Bhandari, K K; Xiao, L D; Belan, I

2015-03-01

The aims of this study were to explore factors associated with the job satisfaction of overseas-qualified nurses working in public hospitals in South Australia and to compare whether factors associated with job satisfaction of overseas nurses from English-speaking backgrounds differed from those from non-English-speaking backgrounds. Overseas-qualified nurses have become an essential part of the nursing workforce in Australia. Although this nurse population has different expectations and values in relation to their jobs when compared with local nurses, studies on job satisfaction among overseas nurses are scarce. A cross-sectional survey using the Job Satisfaction of Overseas-Qualified Nurses questionnaire was conducted in five major public hospitals in South Australia. One hundred and fifty-one overseas-qualified nurses completed the questionnaire. Four factors were found to influence job satisfaction: Supportive work environment, interpersonal relationships, communication in English, and salary and salary-related benefits. Communication in English was the predominant factor that was associated with job satisfaction in nurses from non-English-speaking backgrounds. This group of nurses also showed a negative correlation between length of stay in Australia and satisfaction with their work environment. Participants' responses to open-ended questions revealed issues relating to discrimination and racism. Supportive work environment, interpersonal relationships, communication in English, and salary and salary-related benefits were major factors associated with job satisfaction in overseas-qualified nurses in this study. Nurses from non-English-speaking backgrounds faced additional challenges in communication in the workplace and in dealing with issues of discrimination and racism. Nurses from non-English-speaking backgrounds need to be supported early in their employment, especially with their communication skills. Consideration also needs to be given to the education of local staff regarding cultural differences of overseas workers. © 2014 International Council of Nurses.

Comprehensive Truck Size and Weight Study : volume 2 : issues and background

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-01-01

Connected vehicle wireless data communications can enable safety applications that may reduce injuries and fatalities suffered on our roads and highways, as well as enabling reductions in traffic congestion and impacts on the environment. As a critic...

Inequalities in Sport and Physical Activity Programs in Ontario Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macintosh, Donald

1981-01-01

Two recent studies of interschool sports and physical education in Ontario secondary schools examine the issues of differences in interschool sports participation as a reflection of socioeconomic background, gender of the participants, degree of participation, and school size.

Qualitative research on the attitudes toward teenage sexual behavior of Chinese British families: methodological issues.

PubMed

Yu, Juping

2009-04-01

Qualitative approaches have been increasingly used to explore ethnic differences in teenage sexual behavior, and methodological issues of conducting such research often remain unaddressed. This article discusses issues related to sampling, rapport, language, and ethnical considerations arising while undertaking research on attitudes toward teenage sexual behavior held by Chinese British families. It highlights the value of using snowball sampling, the importance of establishing rapport, and some advantages of matching the ethnic background between researcher and participants. The researcher's gender and social and cultural backgrounds affect research processes and findings, and this itself merits further reflection.

'May issue' gun carrying laws and police discretion: Some evidence from Massachusetts.

PubMed

Hemenway, David; Hicks, James G

2015-08-01

In almost all states in the United States, to carry a concealed handgun legally requires a permit from the police. Many states have changed from may-issue laws (where the local police chief has discretion about to whom to issue a license) to shall-issue laws (where the police chief must issue a permit if the applicant passes a computerized federal background check). Studies conflict on the effect on crime. None considered the situation in may-issue states when police used discretion and refused to issue a permit. We provide suggestive evidence from a December 2013 survey of police chiefs in Massachusetts' 351 cities and towns. Of the 121 responding police chiefs, a large majority favored retaining police discretion. Chiefs issued few discretionary denials - median 2 per year, citing providing false information, a history of assault (often domestic violence), a history of drug or alcohol abuse, or of mental-health issues as the most common reasons for denial.

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-23

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist...Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition Congressional Research Service Summary Multiyear procurement (MYP) and... block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress permits the Department of Defense (DOD) to use for a limited number of

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-30

action officers to perform voting assistance duties; establish procedures to ensure a postmark or proof of mailing date on absentee ballots; requires...2003 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government...Government and Finance Division Summary Members of the military and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-12

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government Government...and Finance Division Summary Members of the military and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal elections...under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was enacted to improve absentee registration

Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-27

Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress Amy F. Woolf Specialist in... Nuclear Weapons Policy January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43832 Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range... Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Congressional Research Service Summary The United States and Soviet Union signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-25

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist...Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition Congressional Research Service Summary Multiyear procurement (MYP) and... block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress permits the Department of Defense (DOD) to use for a limited number of

36 CFR 401.3 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 401.3 Background. Following World War I many American individuals, organizations and governmental... many issues including host nation approvals, design adequacy, and funding for perpetual maintenance. As...

An Online Forum As a Qualitative Research Method: Practical Issues

PubMed Central

Im, Eun-Ok; Chee, Wonshik

2008-01-01

Background Despite positive aspects of online forums as a qualitative research method, very little is known about practical issues involved in using online forums for data collection, especially for a qualitative research project. Objectives The purpose of this paper is to describe the practical issues that the researchers encountered in implementing an online forum as a qualitative component of a larger study on cancer pain experience. Method Throughout the study process, the research staff recorded issues ranged from minor technical problems to serious ethical dilemmas as they arose and wrote memos about them. The memos and written records of discussions were reviewed and analyzed using the content analysis suggested by Weber. Results Two practical issues related to credibility were identified: a high response and retention rate and automatic transcripts. An issue related to dependability was the participants’ easy forgetfulness. The issues related to confirmability were difficulties in theoretical saturation and unstandardized computer and Internet jargon. A security issue related to hacking attempts was noted as well. Discussion The analysis of these issues suggests several implications for future researchers who want to use online forums as a qualitative data collection method. PMID:16849979

Recommendations for describing statistical studies and results in general readership science and engineering journals.

PubMed

Gardenier, John S

2012-12-01

This paper recommends how authors of statistical studies can communicate to general audiences fully, clearly, and comfortably. The studies may use statistical methods to explore issues in science, engineering, and society or they may address issues in statistics specifically. In either case, readers without explicit statistical training should have no problem understanding the issues, the methods, or the results at a non-technical level. The arguments for those results should be clear, logical, and persuasive. This paper also provides advice for editors of general journals on selecting high quality statistical articles without the need for exceptional work or expense. Finally, readers are also advised to watch out for some common errors or misuses of statistics that can be detected without a technical statistical background.

Cyberbullying, Schools and the Law: A Comparative Study in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Purdy, Noel; Mc Guckin, Conor

2015-01-01

Background: This study addresses the fast developing behavioural issue of cyberbullying in schools and its complex legal context. Purpose: This study set out to investigate teachers' perceptions of the extent of cyberbullying and the extent to which school leaders in Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland feel knowledgeable and confident…

Current Issues: Critical Issues Confronting the Nation and the World. 1997 Edition [and] Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Close Up Foundation, Arlington, VA.

This student text and teacher's guide feature current events and policy issues that are in discussion today. The books offer background on 20 important domestic and foreign policy issues and present arguments from both sides of key issues. The books are divided into three sections. Section 1, "The Federal Government," contains: (1) "The Clinton…

Cultural Relativism: Occupation and Independence Reconsidered.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteford, Gail Elizabeth; Wilcock, Ann Allart

2000-01-01

A study focused on the experiences of 22 occupational therapy students working with people from different social and cultural backgrounds in New Zealand over a 3-year period. Results highlight issues about how occupation and independence are conceptualized across cultures. (Contains 102 references.) (JOW)

Re-Conceptualizing Teacher Authority: When to Exact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tzuo, Pei-Wen; Chen, Der-Thanq

2011-01-01

Background: This paper re-conceptualizes issues related to teacher authority by integrating the constructivist (including social constructivist) and critical perspectives. The traditional perspectives perceive that teacher authority inhibits children's autonomy of learning. This perspective has been largely challenged by two groups of studies--the…

The Now Frontier. Linking Earth and Planets. Issue No. 1-4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jet Propulsion Lab., Pasadena, CA.

This publication includes four pamphlets providing background material for understanding the NASA program of planetary flights. Each issue presents student involvement activities as well as suggested reading lists. Issue 1 describes the innermost planets of the solar system. Issue 2 gives information about the evolution of the planetary system as…

Not Just Another Single Issue: Teen Pregnancy Prevention's Link to Other Critical Social Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Campaign To Prevent Teen Pregnancy, Washington, DC.

This report discusses critical social issues linked to teen pregnancy, explaining that teen pregnancy prevention should be viewed as working to improve these social issues. After providing general background on teen pregnancy, the report offers five fact sheets: (1) "Teen Pregnancy, Welfare Dependency, and Poverty" (continuing to reduce…

Children, Youth and Family Issues, 1997. State Legislative Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stelzer, Leann, Ed.

This document is a compilation of legislation on issues critical to children and families enacted during 1997 by the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The laws pertaining to various issues are listed by state and briefly described. Issues are: (1) abuse and neglect (including background checks and screening, court procedures, financing,…

Measuring Learning Progressions Using Bayesian Modeling in Complex Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rutstein, Daisy Wise

2012-01-01

This research examines issues regarding model estimation and robustness in the use of Bayesian Inference Networks (BINs) for measuring Learning Progressions (LPs). It provides background information on LPs and how they might be used in practice. Two simulation studies are performed, along with real data examples. The first study examines the case…

Adolescent Co-Occurring Disorders Treatment: Clinicians' Attitudes, Values, and Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denby, Ramona W.; Brinson, Jesse A.; Ayala, Jessica

2011-01-01

This study examined community-based clinicians' (N = 294) attitudes, background/experiences, values, and knowledge relating to issues of co-occurring disorders, which occur at a high rate among adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system. Study results reveal that clinicians self-rate their clinical values and attitudes at or above the…

School Administrator Perceptions of Cyberbullying Facilitators and Barriers to Preventive Action: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Rachel; Tully, Melissa; Ramirez, Marizen

2017-01-01

Background: Schools are often held responsible for preventing or addressing cyberbullying, yet little is known about school administrator perceptions of cyberbullying and the challenges they face in addressing this public health issue. Aims: The goal of this study is to examine school administrators' perceptions of the facilitators of…

The Direct Economic Impact of New Jersey's Community Colleges.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Gordon Jeremiah

The study described in this report examined the direct economic impact of Brookdale Community College (BCC) on Monmouth County and the economic impact of the state community college system on New Jersey. Chapter 1 reviews the background and significance of economic impact studies; discusses the issue from general, New Jersey, and BCC perspectives;…

The Possible Role of the Kynurenine Pathway in Adolescent Depression with Melancholic Features

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabbay, Vilma; Klein, Rachel G.; Katz, Yisrael; Mendoza, Sandra; Guttman, Leah E.; Alonso, Carmen M.; Babb, James S.; Hirsch, Glenn S.; Liebes, Leonard

2010-01-01

Background: Although adolescent major depressive disorder (MDD) is acknowledged to be a heterogeneous disorder, no studies have reported on biological correlates of its clinical subgroups. This study addresses this issue by examining whether adolescent MDD with and without melancholic features (M-MDD and NonM-MDD) have distinct biological features…

Relevance Revisited: Curriculum Development in the Humanities. No. III: Humanists and Policy Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

French, Roderick S., Ed.

Papers presented at a March 1977 workshop that examined issues raised by the participation of academic humanists and other humanistically oriented academics in policy research and teaching are provided. Section I contains three background papers: "The Humanist, Technology, and Policy Studies," by Joseph W. Slade; "The Relevance of…

Nuclear Reactions: Studying Peaceful Applications in the Middle and Secondary School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szymanski Sunal, Cynthia; Sunal, Dennis W.

1999-01-01

Asserts that students must learn about nuclear fission and fusion in the social studies curriculum to help them develop a foundation for considering the social issues associated with the everyday use of nuclear reactions. Gives background on the two types of reactions and provides three lessons for middle and secondary classrooms. (CMK)

Some Cognitive Developmental Characteristics of Social Diversity Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Maurianne; Zhou, Yu-hui A.

This paper, on a 1988-89 study of 219 undergraduates, addresses issues of cognitive development, learning style, and attitudes toward social diversity and social justice. A parallel study was conducted in spring/fall 1989 with subsequent changes noted. The table of contents presents the following sections: (1) "Background and Educational Context";…

Developmental Trajectories of Conduct Problems and Hyperactivity from Ages 2 to 10

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Daniel S.; Lacourse, Eric; Nagin, Daniel S.

2005-01-01

Background: Conduct problems (CP) and hyperactivity/attention problems (HAP) are thought to covary with regularity, yet few studies have examined their co-occurrence or risk factors that discriminate their trajectories beginning in early childhood. Method: The present study sought to advance our understanding of this issue by examining separate…

Women and Minorities. Leaders in Transition: A National Study of Higher Education Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Kathryn M.

Career issues, educational concerns, and the professional, educational, and personal backgrounds of 2,896 senior college administrators were studied, with focus on the status of women and minorities. Women represented 20 percent of the sample; minorities, 8 percent. Women and minorities were largely registrars, librarians, and financial aid…

Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy for Command Hallucinations and Intellectual Disability: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrowcliff, Alastair L.

2008-01-01

Background: There is a paucity of literature detailing cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for psychosis in people with intellectual disability. Of the available literature, only two case studies involve people with command hallucinations and these do not address specific issues of intervention indicated in the wider literature for this type of…

Correlates of Work-Life Balance for Faculty across Racial/Ethnic Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denson, Nida; Szelényi, Katalin; Bresonis, Kate

2018-01-01

Very few studies have examined issues of work-life balance among faculty of different racial/ethnic backgrounds. Utilizing data from Harvard University's Collaborative on Academic Careers in Higher Education project, this study examined predictors of work-life balance for 2953 faculty members from 69 institutions. The final sample consisted of…

Instant World; A Report on Telecommunications in Canada.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Information Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).

Telecommission, the study of the present state and future prospects of telecommunications in Canada, began in 1969. This general report focuses attention on the main issues and problems disclosed by the 40 individual Telecommission studies and presents options for consideration. Part one of the report sets out the complex background of problems…

Impact of Poison Prevention Education on the Knowledge and Behaviors of Seniors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Paul R.; Sheppard, Monique A.; Snowden, Cecelia B.; Miller, Ted R.; Nelkin, Valerie S.; Nguyen, Denise D.; Tominack, Ivy; Dunlap, Hallie Chillag

2010-01-01

Background: Unintentional poisoning is an important public health issue that exacts a heavy toll on our nation's seniors. However, relatively few empirical studies have examined the efficacy of poison prevention education programs on this cohort. Purpose: This study assessed the impact of a poison education program on the knowledge, perceptions,…

On Pretending to Listen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burbules, Nicholas C.; Rice, Suzanne

2010-01-01

Background/Context: This article is part of a series of studies carried out by the authors in this special issue on the general topic of listening and its specific relevance to teaching. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: We examine the common activity of pretending to listen and argue that thinking about it carefully reveals some…

Women in Engineering Education. Studies in Engineering Education 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michel, Jean

Engineering in higher education has the lowest proportion of women students when compared with other fields of study. This book discusses the issues and problems that face the training and promotion of women at the university level. Part one discusses the background and trends of female participation in different regions and disciplines of higher…

Risk Management for Study Abroad Programs: Issues and Resources to Inform Program Development, Administration, and Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhodes, Gary

2014-01-01

This chapter provides a practical background to the health and safety risks and challenges for U.S. colleges and universities and other program providers. Potential risks, field-based guidelines, good practices, and resources to support the management of risks by study abroad offices will be covered.

Intellectual Assessment of Children from Culturally Diverse Backgrounds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armour-Thomas, Eleanor

1992-01-01

Examines assumptions and premises of standardized tests of mental ability and reviews extant theories and research on intellectual functioning of children from culturally different backgrounds. Discusses implications of these issues and perspectives for new directions for intellectual assessment for children from culturally different backgrounds.…

Navy Columbia Class (Ohio Replacement) Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-18

of UK design and manufacture . 12 For more on the arrangement for jointly building Virginia- class boats, see CRS Report RL32418, Navy Virginia (SSN...schedule reduction in Missile Tube Module manufacturing for the OR Class . This schedule reduction, on a potential critical path assembly, would reduce...Navy Columbia Class (Ohio Replacement) Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke

Navy LPD-17 Amphibious Ship Procurement: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

Background, Issues, and Options for Congress 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e . TASK...performed out of sequence and significant rework has been required, disrupting the optimal construction sequence and application of lessons learned...deeply concerned about Northrop Grumman Ship Systems’ ( NGSS ) ability to recover in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, particularly in regard to

Navy LPD-17 Amphibious Ship Procurement: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-10

Background, Issues, and Options for Congress 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e . TASK...out of sequence and significant rework has been required, disrupting the optimal construction sequence and application of lessons learned for...concerned about Northrop Grumman Ship Systems’ ( NGSS ) ability to recover in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, particularly in regard to construction

Student Financing in the Health Professions: Dependence on and Interactions between the Higher Education Act and the Public Health Service Act Financial Aid Programs: A Background Paper. Draft.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Advisory Committee on Student Financial Assistance, Washington, DC.

This paper identifies issues that underlie student financing of education in the health professions in terms of the interrelationships and interactions between financial aid programs under Title IV of the Higher Education Act and Titles VII and VIII of the Public Health Service Act. Section 1 provides background to the issues by describing…

V-22 Osprey Tilt-Rotor Aircraft: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-22

perpendicular to spindle shaft ) by not producing the commands requested by the pilot’s controls positions. This tends to significantly reduce the severity of... designed to transport 24 fully equipped Marines at a cruising speed of about 250 knots (about 288 mph), exceeding the performance of the Marine Corps CH...Background and Issues for Congress Congressional Research Service 2 22 is designed to carry 18 troops, with auxiliary fuel tanks increasing the

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-08

Order Code RS20764 Updated March 8, 2007 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in...register and vote absentee in federal elections under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was...enacted to improve absentee registration and voting for this group of voters and to consolidate existing laws. Since 1942, several federal laws have

Welding Metallurgy and Processing Issues for Joining of Power Sources

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lienert, Thomas J.; Reardon, Patrick T.

2012-08-14

Weldability issues with the pertinent alloys have been reviewed and preliminary results of our work on Haynes 25 have been presented. Further results on the mechanical properties and metallography on the EB welds are imminent. Hot-ductility experiments will commence within a few weeks. Aging studies on the effects of heat treatment using the Gleeble are also planned. MST-6 has extensive background in the welding metallurgy of the pertinent alloys. We also have considerable experience with the various welding processes to be used.

BRCA1/2 genetic background-based therapeutic tailoring of human ovarian cancer: hope or reality?

PubMed Central

Tagliaferri, Pierosandro; Ventura, Monica; Baudi, Francesco; Cucinotto, Iole; Arbitrio, Mariamena; Di Martino, Maria Teresa; Tassone, Pierfrancesco

2009-01-01

Ovarian epithelial tumors are an hallmark of hereditary cancer syndromes which are related to the germ-line inheritance of cancer predisposing mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. Although these genes have been associated with multiple different physiologic functions, they share an important role in DNA repair mechanisms and therefore in the whole genomic integrity control. These findings have risen a variety of issues in terms of treatment and prevention of breast and ovarian tumors arising in this context. Enhanced sensitivity to platinum-based anticancer drugs has been related to BRCA1/2 functional loss. Retrospective studies disclosed differential chemosensitivity profiles of BRCA1/2-related as compared to "sporadic" ovarian cancer and led to the identification of a "BRCA-ness" phenotype of ovarian cancer, which includes inherited BRCA1/2 germ-line mutations, a serous high grade histology highly sensitive to platinum derivatives. Molecularly-based tailored treatments of human tumors are an emerging issue in the "era" of molecular targeted drugs and molecular profiling technologies. We will critically discuss if the genetic background of ovarian cancer can indeed represent a determinant issue for decision making in the treatment selection and how the provocative preclinical findings might be translated in the therapeutic scenario. The presently available preclinical and clinical evidence clearly indicates that genetic background has an emerging role in treatment individualization for ovarian cancer patients. PMID:19825178

Adolescents' Sleep Behaviors and Perceptions of Sleep

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noland, Heather; Price, James H.; Dake, Joseph; Telljohann, Susan K.

2009-01-01

Background: Sleep duration affects the health of children and adolescents. Shorter sleep durations have been associated with poorer academic performance, unintentional injuries, and obesity in adolescents. This study extends our understanding of how adolescents perceive and deal with their sleep issues. Methods: General education classes were…

Women and Teaching in Academic Psychiatry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hirshbein, Laura D.; Fitzgerald, Kate; Riba, Michelle

2004-01-01

Objective: This article explores past, present, and future issues for women and teaching in academic psychiatry. A small study of didactic teaching responsibilities along faculty groups in one academic psychiatry department helps to illustrate challenges and opportunities for women in psychiatric teaching settings. Background: Although women have…

Great Minds? Great Lakes!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Environmental Protection Agency, Chicago, IL. Great Lakes National Program Office.

This booklet introduces an environmental curriculum for use in a variety of elementary subjects. The lesson plans provide an integrated approach to incorporating Great Lakes environmental issues into the subjects of history, social studies, and environmental sciences. Each of these sections contains background information, discussion points, and a…

Attitudes and Attributes of Hong Kong Academics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Postiglione, Gerard A.

1996-01-01

Data from a 1993 survey of Hong Kong college and university faculty, part of a larger international study, provide information about teacher demographic characteristics; educational background; attitudes toward working conditions, mobility, and salaries; professional interests; and views on student quality and governance issues. Implications for…

Non-heart-beating donors: a case study in procurement.

PubMed

Lewis, D D; Valerius, W; Sommerville, M A

1998-12-01

To help meet the increasing need for transplantable organs, especially kidneys, organ procurement organizations are recovering organs from non-heart-beating patients. This article outlines the successful recovery and transplantation of kidneys from such a donor. Consent issues and historical background are also discussed.

Student Leadership in Small Group Science Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oliveira, Alandeom W.; Boz, Umit; Broadwell, George A.; Sadler, Troy D.

2014-01-01

Background: Science educators have sought to structure collaborative inquiry learning through the assignment of static group roles. This structural approach to student grouping oversimplifies the complexities of peer collaboration and overlooks the highly dynamic nature of group activity. Purpose: This study addresses this issue of…

Clean, Safe Water. For How Long?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zenke, Pam

The document presents research and project-oriented activities at the secondary school level for studying Illinois' streams, water pollution, and methods for controlling pollution. Social, economic, and political issues are examined as part of the planning for pollution prevention. Following six teaching objectives, background information traces…

Teachers' Work in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Jennifer

2011-01-01

Teachers in culturally and linguistically diverse classrooms work in highly charged contexts where policy, curriculum, student backgrounds, equity issues and pedagogical expertise provide both resources and constraints. Often, these classrooms are in underachieving schools in low socio-economic areas. This study investigated one school in…

The relationship between adult health and childhood maltreatment, as moderated by anger and ethnic background.

PubMed

Rapoza, Kimberly A; Wilson, Denise T; Widmann, Wendy A; Riley, Michelle A; Robertson, Thomas W; Maiello, Elizabeth; Villot, Nikisha; Manzella, Dana J; Ortiz-Garcia, Alberto L

2014-03-01

Childhood maltreatment, anger, and racial/ethnic background were examined in relation to physical health, psychological well-being, and blood pressure outcomes. This study used data from a diverse sample of African American, Latino, and Caucasian participants (N=198). Results from a series of multiple regressions indicated anger and total childhood maltreatment were robust predictors of poorer health. Although correlational analyses found maltreatment from the mother and father were associated with poorer health outcomes, when considered as part of the regression models, only a relationship between maltreatment from the mother and physical health was found. Greater anger scores were linked with lower blood pressure, particularly systolic blood pressure. Generally, more psychological and physical symptom reporting was found with greater anger scores, and higher levels of total maltreatment also predicted physical symptoms. The pattern of interactions indicated anger was more detrimental for African American participant's (and marginally so for Latino participant's) physical health. Interestingly, interactions also indicated total childhood maltreatment was related to fewer symptoms for Latino participants. Although child maltreatment may be viewed as a moral and/or human rights issue, this study provides evidence that it can also be viewed as a public health issue. Our study demonstrated that known health risk factors such as anger and maltreatment may operate in a different pattern dependent on ethnic/cultural background. The findings suggest health and health disparities research would benefit from greater exploration of the differential impact of certain moderating variables based on racial/ethnic background. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A Citizen's Guide to U.S. Foreign Policy: Election '88. Nonpartisan Briefs on 18 Key Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy, Ed.; And Others

In order to make informed voting decisions citizens need background information on complex foreign policy issues facing the United States. This guide presents current issues and provides information to help citizens cast a thoughtful vote. The guide is divided into six main headings: Leadership; Security; Economic and Social Issues; Critical…

Theme issue on e-mental health: a growing field in internet research.

PubMed

Riper, Heleen; Andersson, Gerhard; Christensen, Helen; Cuijpers, Pim; Lange, Alfred; Eysenbach, Gunther

2010-12-19

This theme issue on e-mental health presents 16 articles from leading researchers working on systems and theories related to supporting and improving mental health conditions and mental health care using information and communication technologies. In this editorial, we present the background of this theme issue, and highlight the content of this issue.

Emotional Stability as a Condition of Students' Adaptation to Studying in a Higher Educational Institution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serebryakova, Tat'yana A.; Morozova, Lyudmila B.; Kochneva, Elena M.; Zharova, Darya V.; Kostyleva, Elena A.; Kolarkova, Oxana G.

2016-01-01

Background/Objectives: The objective of the paper is analysis and description of findings of an empiric study on the issue of social and psychological adaptation of first year students to studying in a higher educational institution. Methods/Statistical analysis: Using the methods of theoretical analysis the paper's authors plan and carry out an…

A Case Study to Evaluate Balance Training with Movement Test Items and through Teaching Observation: Beyond Specificity and Transfer of Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kluwe, Margret; Miyahara, Motohide; Heveldt, Kate

2012-01-01

Background: Specificity and transfer of learning have been examined in experimental studies. However, their findings may not be relevant to practitioners because of the difference between the experiment conditions and teaching situations. This case study investigates the theoretical issue of specificity vs. transfer of learning by conducting…

Predictors of fitness to practise declarations in UK medical undergraduates.

PubMed

Paton, Lewis W; Tiffin, Paul A; Smith, Daniel; Dowell, Jon S; Mwandigha, Lazaro M

2018-04-05

Misconduct during medical school predicts subsequent fitness to practise (FtP) events in doctors, but relatively little is known about which factors are associated with such issues during undergraduate education. This study exploits the newly created UK medical education database (UKMED), with the aim of identifying predictors of conduct or health-related issues that could potentially impair FtP. The findings would have implications for policies related to both the selection and support of medical students. Data were available for 14,379 students obtaining provisional registration with the General Medical Council who started medical school in 2007 and 2008. FtP declarations made by students were available, as were various educational and demographic predictor variables, including self-report 'personality measures' for students who participated in UK Clinical Aptitude Test (UKCAT) pilot studies. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were developed to evaluate the predictors of FtP declarations. Significant univariable predictors (p < 0.05) for conduct-related declarations included male gender, white ethnicity and a non-professional parental background. Male gender (OR 3.07) and higher 'self-esteem' (OR 1.45) were independently associated with an increased risk of a conduct issue. Female gender, a non-professional background, and lower self-reported 'confidence' were, among others, associated with increased odds of a health-related declaration. Only 'confidence' was a significant independent predictor of a health declaration (OR 0.69). Female gender, higher UKCAT score, a non-professional background and lower 'confidence' scores were significant predictors of reported depression, and the latter two variables were independent predictors of declared depression. White ethnicity and UK nationality were associated with increased odds of both conduct and health-related declarations, as were certain personality traits. Students from non-professional backgrounds may be at increased risk of depression and therefore could benefit from targeted support. The small effect sizes observed for the 'personality measures' suggest they would offer little potential benefit for selection, over and above those measures already in use.

Navy Columbia Class (Ohio Replacement) Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-03

of UK design and manufacture . 12 For more on the arrangement for jointly building Virginia- class boats, see CRS Report RL32418, Navy Virginia (SSN...lines would result in a cumulative one year schedule reduction in Missile Tube Module manufacturing for the OR Class . This schedule reduction, on a...Navy Columbia Class (Ohio Replacement) Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN[X]) Program: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke

Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[X]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-05

Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[ X ]) Ballistic Missile Submarine Program: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist in Naval...Affairs April 5, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41129 Navy Ohio Replacement (SSBN[ X ]) Ballistic Missile Submarine...as the SSBN( X ) program, as the Navy’s top priority program. The Navy wants to procure the first Ohio replacement boat in FY2021, and the $773.1

Characterizing the True Background Corona with SDO/AIA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Napier, Kate; Winebarger, Amy; Alexander, Caroline

2014-01-01

Characterizing the nature of the solar coronal background would enable scientists to more accurately determine plasma parameters, and may lead to a better understanding of the coronal heating problem. Because scientists study the 3D structure of the Sun in 2D, any line of sight includes both foreground and background material, and thus, the issue of background subtraction arises. By investigating the intensity values in and around an active region, using multiple wavelengths collected from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) over an eight-hour period, this project aims to characterize the background as smooth or structured. Different methods were employed to measure the true coronal background and create minimum intensity images. These were then investigated for the presence of structure. The background images created were found to contain long-lived structures, including coronal loops, that were still present in all of the wavelengths, 193 Angstroms,171 Angstroms,131 Angstroms, and 211 Angstroms. The intensity profiles across the active region indicate that the background is much more structured than previously thought.

Manpower and Employment in American Astronomy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berendzen, Richard

The study indicates that jobs in astronomy have become severely limited in the last few years, with a near balance between supply and demand of astronomers. The following issues are assessed in this study: the current supply of astronomers in the United States, and its change as a function of time; the background and make-up of astronomers in the…

Exploring Teaching Practices in Physical Education with Culturally Diverse Classes: A Cross-Cultural Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dagkas, Symeon

2007-01-01

This is a cross-cultural comparative study that sets out to explore teachers' knowledge, understanding and practices of the teaching of Physical Education (PE) to students from different cultural backgrounds. More specifically, it explores key issues in the teaching of PE to Muslim students. Thirteen PE teachers, six from England and seven from…

The International Computer and Information Literacy Study from a European Perspective: Introduction to the Special Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gerick, Julia; Eickelmann, Birgit; Bos, Wilfried

2017-01-01

The "International Computer and Information Literacy Study" (ICILS 2013) provides, for the first time, information about students' computer and information literacy (CIL), as well as its acquisition, based on a computer-based test for students and background questionnaires. Among the 21 education systems that participated in ICILS 2013,…

Ethical Issues in Covering Teen Suicide Stories: Deadly Dilemmas and Fatal Flaws.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willey, Susan

A study examined news coverage by "The Saint Petersburg Times" of a local double teen suicide in August 1993. Focusing on how the story was covered, the study explored the newspaper's decision-making process, analyzing the process in relation to standard philosophical methods in ethics and recognized journalistic principles. As background,…

Diversity, Child Care Quality and Developmental Outcomes. FPG Snapshot, #21

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

FPG Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina, 2004

2004-01-01

It is widely accepted that high quality child care enhances children's cognitive and social development, but some people question if what constitutes quality care depends on the child's ethnic and cultural background. To examine this issue, secondary analysis of the two largest U.S. studies of child care--the Cost, Quality, and Outcomes Study and…

Internet Use, Risks and Online Behaviour: The View of Internet Users with Intellectual Disabilities and Their Caregivers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiner, Esther; Gómez-Puerta, Marcos; Cardona-Moltó, María Cristina

2017-01-01

Background: Internet offers opportunities to people with intellectual disabilities, but it also involves some risks. The aim of this study was to explore these issues considering caregivers and people with intellectual disabilities' perspectives. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted. The sample consisted of 77…

Selective Mutism in Elementary School: Multidisciplinary Interventions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giddan, Jane J.; And Others

1997-01-01

Presents the symptoms of selective mutism and historical background for treatment. It provides a case study which illustrates successful multidisciplinary treatment outcomes for a child who was selectively mute. Issues relevant to speech-language pathologists working with elementary school children are discussed and treatment guidelines provided.…

Computational fluid dynamics modeling to assess the impact of roadside barriers on near-road air quality

EPA Science Inventory

Near-road air quality is an issue of emerging concern, with field studies consistently showing elevated air pollutant concentrations adjacent to major roads, usually decreasing to background levels within several hundred meters. Roadside barriers, both vegetative and structural, ...

Mental Verbs and Pragmatic Language Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spanoudis, George; Natsopoulos, Demetrios; Panayiotou, Georgia

2007-01-01

Background: Pragmatic language impairment has recently been the subject of a number of studies that attempted to illuminate classification and diagnostic issues, and identify the profile of children with pragmatic language difficulties. Although much progress has been made, the nature of pragmatic difficulties remains unclear. Aims: To contrast…

The Evaluation of School-Based Violence Prevention Programs: A Meta-Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park-Higgerson, Hyoun-Kyoung; Perumean-Chaney, Suzanne E.; Bartolucci, Alfred A.; Grimley, Diane M.; Singh, Karan P.

2008-01-01

Background: Youth violence and related aggressive behaviors have become serious public health issues with physical, economic, social, and psychological impacts and consequences. This study identified and evaluated the characteristics of successful school-based violence prevention programs. Methods: Twenty-six randomized controlled trial (RCT),…

Special Issue Busing. NCRIEEO Newsletter, Volume 3, Number 2, May 1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Edmund W., Ed.

Contents of this issue of the NCRIEEO Newsletter include the following articles: (1) "Editor's commentary: background to the issue," by Edmund Gordon, which puts busing into perspective as an important educational resource--like physical facilities, instructional materials, and teachers--to be used to achieve educational and social…

Practical Issues in Developing a Culturally Tailored Physical Activity Promotion Program for Chinese and Korean American Midlife Women: A Pilot Study

PubMed Central

Chee, Wonshik; Kim, Sangmi; Chu, Tsung-Lan; Ji, Xiaopeng; Zhang, Jingwen; Chee, Eunice; Im, Eun-Ok

2016-01-01

Background With advances in computer technologies, Web-based interventions are widely accepted and welcomed by health care providers and researchers. Although the benefits of Web-based interventions on physical activity promotion have been documented, the programs have rarely targeted Asian Americans, including Asian American midlife women. Subsequently, culturally competent Web-based physical activity programs for Asian Americans may be necessary. Objective The purpose of our study was to explore practical issues in developing and implementing a culturally competent Web-based physical activity promotion program for 2 groups of Asian American women—Chinese American and Korean American midlife women—and to provide implications for future research. Methods While conducting the study, the research team members wrote individual memos on issues and their inferences on plausible reasons for the issues. The team had group discussions each week and kept the minutes of the discussions. Then, the memos and minutes were analyzed using a content analysis method. Results We identified practical issues in 4 major idea categories: (1) bilingual translators’ language orientations, (2) cultural sensitivity requirement, (3) low response rate, interest, and retention, and (4) issues in implementation logistics. Conclusions Based on the issues, we make several suggestions for the use of bilingual translators, motivational strategies, and implementation logistics. PMID:27872035

Navy-Marine Corps Amphibious and Maritime Prepositioning Ship Programs: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-12

up Northrop Grumman Ship Systems ( NGSS ). Table 2. FY2008-FY2013 Amphibious and MPF(F) Ship Procurement Plan (Ships fully funded in FY2006 shown for... Plan . . 13 Navy-Marine Corps Amphibious and Maritime Prepositioning Ship Programs: Background and Oversight Issues for Congress Introduction The...is whether to approve, modify, or reject the Navy’s plans for procuring amphibious and MPF(F) ships. Decisions that Congress makes on this CRS-2 1 The

Navy Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-03

the use of nuclear power to a wider array of Navy surface ships, including the Navy’s planned CG(X) cruiser. Section 1012 of the FY2008 Defense...wider array of Navy surface ships, starting with the Navy’s planned CG(X) cruiser. Section 1012 of the FY2008 Defense Authorization Act (H.R. 4986...CG(X) Cruiser Program: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress, by Ronald O’Rourke. 8 For more on the Navy’s 313-ship plan , see CRS

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues for the 107th Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-02

2002 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues for the 107th Congress Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National... absentee in federal elections under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was enacted to...improve absentee registration and voting for this group of voters and to consolidate existing laws. Since 1942, several federal laws have been enacted to

Nurse managers' experience with ethical issues in six government hospitals in Malaysia: A cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Nurse managers have the burden of experiencing frequent ethical issues related to both their managerial and nursing care duties, according to previous international studies. However, no such study was published in Malaysia. The purpose of this study was to explore nurse managers' experience with ethical issues in six government hospitals in Malaysia including learning about the way they dealt with the issues. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in August-September, 2010 involving 417 (69.2%) of total 603 nurse managers in the six Malaysian government hospitals. Data were collected using three-part self-administered questionnaire. Part I was regarding participants' demographics. Part II was about the frequency and areas of management where ethical issues were experienced, and scoring of the importance of 11 pre-identified ethical issues. Part III asked how they dealt with ethical issues in general; ways to deal with the 11 pre-identified ethical issues, and perceived stress level. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, cross-tabulations and Pearson's Chi-square. Results A total of 397 (95.2%) participants experienced ethical issues and 47.2% experienced them on weekly to daily basis. Experiencing ethical issues were not associated with areas of practice. Top area of management where ethical issues were encountered was "staff management", but "patient care" related ethical issues were rated as most important. Majority would "discuss with other nurses" in dealing generally with the issues. For pre-identified ethical issues regarding "patient care", "discuss with doctors" was preferred. Only 18.1% referred issues to "ethics committees" and 53.0% to the code of ethics. Conclusions Nurse managers, regardless of their areas of practice, frequently experienced ethical issues. For dealing with these, team-approach needs to be emphasized. Proper understanding of the code of ethics is needed to provide basis for reasoning. PMID:22085735

Background Information for Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Environmental Protection Agency, 2001

2001-01-01

Mercury is a naturally occurring and widely used element that can cause health and ecological problems when released to the environment through human activities. Though a national and even international issue, the health and environmental impacts of mercury are best understood when studied at the local level. "Mercury: An Educator's Toolkit"…

Annotation: The Savant Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heaton, Pamela; Wallace, Gregory L.

2004-01-01

Background: Whilst interest has focused on the origin and nature of the savant syndrome for over a century, it is only within the past two decades that empirical group studies have been carried out. Methods: The following annotation briefly reviews relevant research and also attempts to address outstanding issues in this research area.…

Narrative Competence in Children with Pragmatic Language Impairment: A Longitudinal Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ketelaars, Mieke P.; Jansonius, Kino; Cuperus, Juliane; Verhoeven, Ludo

2016-01-01

Background: Children with pragmatic language impairment (PLI) show impairments in the use of language in social contexts. Although the issue has been gaining attention in recent literature, not much is known about the developmental trajectories of children who experience pragmatic language problems. Since narrative competence is an important…

Burnout in Premedical Undergraduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Young, Christina; Fang, Daniel; Golshan, Shah; Moutier, Christine; Zisook, Sidney

2012-01-01

Background: There has been growing recognition that medical students, interns, residents and practicing physicians across many specialties are prone to burnout, with recent studies linking high rates of burnout to adverse mental health issues. Little is known about the trajectory and origins of burnout or whether its roots may be traced to earlier…

Reading Strategies: Issues in the Computerization of Machiavelli's "Il demonio che prese moglie".

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Leslie Zarker

1994-01-01

The ideal computer-based foreign language reading program must include cognitive background, a learning taxonomy, sound computer design, and knowledge of what is needed for the specific language. Machiavelli's "Il demonia che prese moglie" is chosen for study due to its historical interest. (63 references) (CK)

Assessing Student Attitudes toward Animal Welfare, Resource Use, and Food Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordstrom, Patricia A.; Richards, Martha J.; Wilson, Lowell L.; Coe, Brenda L.; Fivek, Marianne L.; Brown, Michele B.

2000-01-01

Students participating in the Pennsylvania Governor's School for Agricultural Sciences (n=192) studied animal welfare, resource use, and food safety. They ranked food safety as a primary concern. Students with and without agricultural backgrounds showed positive changes in knowledge and perception of issues after the course. (SK)

Enabling Integration in Sports for Adolescents with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grandisson, Marie; Tetreault, Sylvie; Freeman, Andrew R.

2012-01-01

Background: Promoting the health and social participation of adolescents with intellectual disability is important as they are particularly vulnerable to encountering difficulties in those areas. Integration of these individuals in integrated sports is one strategy to address this issue. Methods: The main objective of this study was to gain a…

Concepts in International Relations: Contemporary Issues in South America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starbird, Caroline; Pettit, Jenny; Hurt,J.P.; Antony; DeBoer, Dale

2005-01-01

This book's purpose is to give students an in-depth understanding of South American countries and cultures. The book approaches this understanding through examinations of statistics, maps, articles and editorials, case studies, and text of legislation. The book provides students with background for each situation, giving them a good understanding…

Eye-Witness Memory and Suggestibility in Children with Asperger Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCrory, Eamon; Henry, Lucy A.; Happe, Francesca

2007-01-01

Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) present with a particular profile of memory deficits, executive dysfunction and impaired social interaction that may raise concerns about their recall and reliability in forensic and legal contexts. Extant studies of memory shed limited light on this issue as they involved either…

Thinking Differently about "Difference": Multicultural Literature and Service-Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grobman, Laurie

2004-01-01

Questions of "difference," embroiled in identity politics, a politics of difference, cultural identity(ies) and democracy, are among multicultural literary studies' most pressing and controversial issues and affect all who teach literature by writers of multicultural backgrounds, especially in introductory and survey courses. In this article, the…

Mentoring Doctoral Students through Scholastic Engagement: Adult Learning Principles in Action

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mullen, Carol A.; Fish, Valorie L.; Hutinger, Janice L.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this discussion is to explore a graduate intervention that was aimed at promoting the understanding, empowerment, and skills building of doctoral students in education. Addressed are mentoring and learning frameworks, background issues, the pedagogical context, study details, thematic results, and implications. The authors offer a…

A Collaborative Group Method of Inclusive Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bigby, Christine; Frawley, Patsie; Ramcharan, Paul

2014-01-01

Background: Funding bodies in Australia and the United Kingdom require research on issues that affect the lives of people with intellectual disability to be inclusive. Debate continues about the nature and benefits of inclusive research, which has become an umbrella term encompassing a broad spectrum of approaches. Method: This study proposes one…

Sexual Victimization of Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Small, Kevonne; Zweig, Janine M.

2007-01-01

An estimated 7.0% to 8.1% of American youth report being sexually victimized at some point in their life time. This article presents a background to youth sexual victimization, focusing on prevalence data, challenging issues when studying this problem, risk factors, and common characteristics of perpetrators. Additionally, a type of sexual…

Transitions to College: Lessons from the Disciplines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trent, William; Orr, Margaret Terry; Ranis, Sheri; Holdaway, Jennifer

2007-01-01

Background/Context: Prior research on the challenges of college going and retention among adolescents today, particularly low-income, minority, and first-generation college-going youth, provide the context for this article. Purpose/Objective/Research Question/Focus of Study: This article sets the stage for the special issue articles by framing the…

Navy Virginia (SSN 774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-14

programs before the Seapower subcommittee of the Senate Armed Services Committee, the following exchange occurred: SENATOR KELLY AYOTTE (continuing... Bryan Bender, “Navy Eyes Cutting Submarine Force,” Boston Globe, May 12, 2004, p. 1; Lolita C. Baldor, “Study Recommends Cutting Submarine Fleet

Health and Fitness App Use in College Students: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gowin, Mary; Cheney, Marshall; Gwin, Shannon; Wann, Taylor Franklin

2015-01-01

Background: College students experience weight gain that can contribute to serious health issues. Health education efforts with college students are increasingly utilizing new technologies. Smartphone applications (apps) in particular are growing in popularity and use in all young adults. Purpose: Formative research was conducted to describe how…

[Iowa Studies in Rhetoric.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorne, Edward J., Ed.

1972-01-01

This special issue opens with an article by Franklyn S. Haiman, "The Fighting Word Doctrine: From Chaplinsky to Brown," in which he reviews the problem of the use of "fighting words" in public situations. He discusses this type of communication as one that borders individual and collective rights, and provides background information on significant…

A Critical Study of Language Minority Students' Participation in Language Communities in the Korean Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Miso; Kim, Tae-Young

2015-01-01

In South Korea, "Damunwha" students (students from multicultural family backgrounds) have difficulties at school because of others' derogatory perception of them and the different linguistic and cultural settings. In light of this issue, this paper addresses the "Damunwha" students' identities and participation within the…

The Impact of E-Skills on the Settlement of Iranian Refugees in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shariati, Saeed; Armarego, Jocelyn; Sudweeks, Fay

2017-01-01

Aim/Purpose: The research investigates the impact of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) on Iranian refugees' settlement in Australia. Background: The study identifies the issues of settlement, such as language, cultural and social differences. Methodology: The Multi-Sited Ethnography (MSE), which is a qualitative methodology, has…

Preservice Teacher Beliefs about Proofs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mingus, Tabitha T. Y.; Grassl, Richard M.

1999-01-01

Describes the study of backgrounds, beliefs, and attitudes of teachers (n=51) about proofs. Explores four issues: (1) preservice teachers' experiences/exposure to proof; (2) their beliefs about what constitutes proof; (3) the role of proof in mathematics; and (4) their beliefs about when proof should be introduced in K-12 math classes. Discusses…

The Conversion of Found Space for Educational Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meier, James Paul

This study explores some experiences in recycling buildings for schools and suggests a background to use in planning and evaluating this approach to school space acquisition. Such factors as educational program, physical environment, building codes, cost and financing, legal issues, administrative processes and time, and political and social…

Early Childhood Aetiology of Mental Health Problems: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bayer, Jordana K.; Hiscock, Harriet; Ukoumunne, Obioha C.; Price, Anna; Wake, Melissa

2008-01-01

Background: Mental health problems comprise an international public health issue affecting up to 20% of children and show considerable stability. We aimed to identify child, parenting, and family predictors from infancy in the development of externalising and internalising behaviour problems by age 3 years. Methods: "Design"…

Signs, Symbols and Schemas: Understanding Meaning in a Child's Drawings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deguara, Jo; Nutbrown, Cathy

2018-01-01

This paper examines the schematic underpinnings in the drawings of a four-year-old girl, Thea. The paper reviews literature on graphic representations, signs and meaning-making before discussing schematic "form" in children's drawings, the theoretical background for the study. The paper discusses ethical issues and methodological…

Cultural Pluralism, Physical Activity, and Youth Sports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malina, Robert M.

Literature and studies on the influence and scope of youth sports were surveyed with particular attention to selected issues or aspects related to cultural pluralism in North America. An exploration was made of attitudes toward participation in youth sports, which were influenced by ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds of parents and children.…

Implementation Challenges for a Constructivist Physical Education Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhu, Xihe; Ennis, Catherine D.; Chen, Ang

2011-01-01

Background: Curriculum fidelity describes the extent to which a curriculum is implemented faithfully as planned. Curriculum fidelity issues may arise when teachers implement the curriculum inconsistently due to differences in philosophy, barriers in the setting, or other local concerns. Purpose: The study examined challenges that a teacher faced…

Selected Readings in Genetic Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mertens, Thomas R.; Robinson, Sandra K.

1973-01-01

Describes different sources of readings for understanding issues and concepts of genetic engineering. Broad categories of reading materials are: concerns about genetic engineering; its background; procedures; and social, ethical and legal issues. References are listed. (PS)

Comparison of Standard Link Color Visibility Between Young Adults and Elderly Adults

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saito, Daisuke; Saito, Keiichi; Notomi, Kazuhiro; Saito, Masao

The rapid dissemination of the World Wide Web raises the issue of the Web accessibility, and one of the important things is the combination of a foreground color and a background color. In our previous study, the visibility of web-safe colors on the white background was examined, and the blue used for unvisited standard link color was found high visibility in wide range of ages. Since the usage of the blue and an underline are recommended as a link, in this study, we examined high-visibility background colors to the unvisited standard link color, i.e. blue. One hundred and twenty three background colors to the blue were examined using pair comparison method, and the relationship between the visibility and the color difference was discussed on the uniform color space, CIELAB (L*a*b* color space). As the result, effective background colors to the standard link color were determined on the CIE LAB, that is, L* larger than 68, a* smaller than 50, and b* larger than -50 provided high visibility in wide range of ages.

Commentary: criminal background checks for entering medical students: history, current issues, and future considerations.

PubMed

Kleshinski, James; Case, Steven T; Davis, Dwight; Heinrich, George F; Witzburg, Robert A

2011-07-01

In this commentary, the authors aim to contextualize the history and rationale for what has become the Association of American Medical Colleges-facilitated criminal background check process for entering medical students. As the process was being considered, many issues with a standardized process were identified. There were concerns that demographic or socioeconomic factors might unfairly burden certain applicants or discourage them from applying to medical school. On the other hand, a unified, national program would minimize cost and enhance quality assurance. The authors discuss these issues. Lessons learned in the first three years of the program are also addressed, including some unexpected and favorable consequences such as the identification of accepted applicants with at-risk behaviors (e.g., substance abuse), who would have otherwise gone undetected. Several challenges remain, including the fact that the criminal background check process creates an enhanced role for prehealth advisors and encourages undergraduate institutions to establish standards and processes relating to professionalism. While this is, no doubt, an evolving program which needs continued oversight and ongoing reevaluation, the authors support the continued advancement of the criminal background check process for entering medical students.

Ethical and methodological issues in research with Sami experiencing disability.

PubMed

Melbøe, Line; Hansen, Ketil Lenert; Johnsen, Bjørn-Eirik; Fedreheim, Gunn Elin; Dinesen, Tone; Minde, Gunn-Tove; Rustad, Marit

2016-01-01

Background A study of disability among the indigenous Sami people in Norway presented a number of ethical and methodological challenges rarely addressed in the literature. Objectives The main study was designed to examine and understand the everyday life, transitions between life stages and democratic participation of Norwegian Sami people experiencing disability. Hence, the purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of possible ethical and methodological issues in research within this field. The article describes and discusses ethical and methodological issues that arose when conducting our study and identifies some strategies for addressing issues like these. Methods The ethical and methodological issues addressed in the article are based on a qualitative study among indigenous Norwegian Sami people experiencing disability. The data in this study were collected through 31 semi-structured in-depth interviews with altogether 24 Sami people experiencing disability and 13 next of kin of Sami people experiencing disability (8 mothers, 2 fathers, 2 sister and 1 guardian). Findings and discussion The researchers identified 4 main areas of ethical and methodological issues. We present these issues chronologically as they emerged in the research process: 1) concept of knowledge when designing the study, 2) gaining access, 3) data collection and 4) analysis and accountability. Conclusion The knowledge generated from this study has the potential to benefit future health research, specifically of Norwegian Sami people experiencing disability, as well as health research concerning indigenous people in general, providing scientific-based insight into important ethical and methodological issues in research with indigenous people experiencing disability.

Ethical and methodological issues in research with Sami experiencing disability

PubMed Central

Melbøe, Line; Hansen, Ketil Lenert; Johnsen, Bjørn-Eirik; Fedreheim, Gunn Elin; Dinesen, Tone; Minde, Gunn-Tove; Rustad, Marit

2016-01-01

Background A study of disability among the indigenous Sami people in Norway presented a number of ethical and methodological challenges rarely addressed in the literature. Objectives The main study was designed to examine and understand the everyday life, transitions between life stages and democratic participation of Norwegian Sami people experiencing disability. Hence, the purpose of this article is to increase the understanding of possible ethical and methodological issues in research within this field. The article describes and discusses ethical and methodological issues that arose when conducting our study and identifies some strategies for addressing issues like these. Methods The ethical and methodological issues addressed in the article are based on a qualitative study among indigenous Norwegian Sami people experiencing disability. The data in this study were collected through 31 semi-structured in-depth interviews with altogether 24 Sami people experiencing disability and 13 next of kin of Sami people experiencing disability (8 mothers, 2 fathers, 2 sister and 1 guardian). Findings and discussion The researchers identified 4 main areas of ethical and methodological issues. We present these issues chronologically as they emerged in the research process: 1) concept of knowledge when designing the study, 2) gaining access, 3) data collection and 4) analysis and accountability. Conclusion The knowledge generated from this study has the potential to benefit future health research, specifically of Norwegian Sami people experiencing disability, as well as health research concerning indigenous people in general, providing scientific-based insight into important ethical and methodological issues in research with indigenous people experiencing disability. PMID:27396747

Social Maturity and Theory of Mind in Typically Developing Children and Those on the Autism Spectrum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Candida C.; Slaughter, Virginia P.; Paynter, Jessica

2007-01-01

Background: Results of several studies using the Vineland scale to explore links between social behavior and theory of mind (ToM) have produced mixed results, especially for children on the autism spectrum. The present pair of studies developed a psychometrically sound, age-referenced measure of social maturity to explore these issues further.…

Phase 2 of CATALISE: A Multinational and Multidisciplinary Delphi Consensus Study of Problems with Language Development--Terminology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bishop, Dorothy V. M.; Snowling, Margaret J.; Thompson, Paul A.; Greenhalgh, Trisha

2017-01-01

Background: Lack of agreement about criteria and terminology for children's language problems affects access to services as well as hindering research and practice. We report the second phase of a study using an online Delphi method to address these issues. In the first phase, we focused on criteria for language disorder. Here we consider…

Experiences of School Teachers on Participation in a Brief School Mental Health Program: A Qualitative Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shrinivasa, Basavaraj; Reshma, B. K.; Virupaksha, H. G.; Chaithra, Chandrakanth; Vidya, Naik; Nithyananda, S.; Joseph Arthur, Julian Anthony; Amaresha, Anekal C.

2016-01-01

Background: School mental health programs (SMHPs) aim to strengthen school teachers' understanding about issues related to child and adolescent mental health and their management. Many studies have looked at outcomes of such programs quantitatively. However, there is a lack of studies on the qualitative effects of SMHPs. With this in mind, the aim…

Early Childbearing: Perspectives of Black Adolescents on Pregnancy, Abortion, and Contraception. Sage Library of Social Research 192.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Ellen W.; Rickels, Karl

This book reports on the Penn Study of Teenage Pregnancy, which examined issues surrounding adolescent pregnancy, abortion, and childbearing. Participants were African-American teenagers between the ages of 13 and 17 from disadvantaged urban backgrounds. Based on individual interviews over 2 years in the early 1980s, the study provided details…

Developing a Model of Educators' Professional Training Special for Remote Areas through the Implementation of Lesson Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fauziyah, Nur; Uchtiawati, Sri

2017-01-01

This study is an R & D (Research and Development) project which has the main goal to develop appropriate model of professional training for remote areas in Indonesia. This research is important because there are still many teachers who teach subjects that are not in accordance with their educational background. These issues will not only…

Training Determinants and Productivity Impact of Training in China: A Case of Shanghai

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ng, Y.C.

2005-01-01

While much is known about the economics of training in the developed world, studies of issues associated with training in less-developed countries are rarely found. Based on a survey conducted in China, the present study attempts to fill this gap. Job characteristics and firm background were found to play key roles in determining training…

Researching Pedagogic Tasks: Second Language Learning, Teaching, and Testing. Applied Linguistics and Language Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bygate, Martin; Skehan, Peter; Swain, Merrill

This book brings together a series of empirical studies into the use of pedagogical tasks for second language learning, with a view to better understanding the structure of tasks, their impact on students, and their use by teachers. This edited volume starts with an introduction to the background and key issues in the topic area. Each section…

Connecticut's Challenge: An Agenda for Educational Equity and Excellence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut State Board of Education, Hartford.

In early 1984, Connecticut's state board of education adopted an agenda of seven major initiatives for improving the quality of education in the state. Each initiative was further broken down into one or more specific issues. This document examines the background of each issue, presents recommendations for addressing the issue, discusses…

Critical Visual Analysis of Multicultural Sketches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayik, Rawia

2011-01-01

In a teaching context fraught with conflicts on religious and ethnic backgrounds, I decide as a teacher researcher to address these issues with Israeli-Arab middle school students in my EFL classroom. Picture books on religious diversity and minority issues are used as a springboard for providing spaces for students to discuss these issues orally,…

Nuclear Dangers: A Resource Guide for Secondary School Teachers. Teaching Nuclear Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meier, Paulette; McPherson, Beth

Provided in this guide are annotated lists of teacher and student resources for teaching and learning about nuclear issues in the secondary school. Resources are grouped into five major sections. The first section (background reading for teachers) contains books and articles focusing on nuclear issues (nuclear war; arms race/disarmament; nuclear…

Architecture Capabilities to Improve Healthcare Environments

PubMed Central

Ebrahimi, Ali; Mardomi, Karim; Hassanpour Rahimabad, Kasra

2013-01-01

Background The physical environment of healthcare buildings has great importance in issues such as patient safety, functional efficiency, user satisfaction, healthcare outcomes, and energy and resources consumption. Objectives The present study assesses physical environments of Iranian healthcare buildings. Materials and Methods This study was performed using a descriptive-analytical method. Data collection was carried out via a written questionnaire. Results Based on the findings of this study, "functional efficiency", "user satisfaction", "environmental issues", "patient safety”, “accountability in incidents and disasters", and "flexibility" are regarded as the most issues in the country's hospitals. Also, none of the parameters is "without any problem" and has a "desirable status". Conclusions According to the responses, all of the healthcare buildings in this research had flaws in their physical environment, which require attention. Thus, it is necessary to review and pay more attention to the architecture of the country's healthcare buildings. PMID:24350145

A Review of the Major Issues and Problems of Welfare Reform; A Background Paper Developed for the Community Services Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technical Assistance Research Programs, Inc., Washington, DC.

This background paper was developed for the Community Services Administration (CSA) in order to provide background information concerning welfare reform. It examines possible public assistance strategies, such as the following: (1) broad-based cash transfer (negative income tax, wage rate subsidies, demogrants, and family allowances), (2)…

Enhancing introductory hydrology curriculum by integrating perspectives from multi-disciplinary graduate fields of study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arnold, T. E.; Henson, W.; Reijo, C. J.; Laing, J.; Weinkam, G.

2015-12-01

A cross-disciplinary hydrology course was developed that combined field and classroom based techniques to educate undergraduate level students on issues related to water resources in Florida, USA. Six instructors from separate departments brought a different perspective, research experience, and view on water quality and quantity issues. The course progressed by examining hydrologic processes at different spatio-temporal scales beginning with the geologic scale (the formation of aquifers) and ending with present-day water management and policy concerns. We were challenged to introduce students from various academic backgrounds and levels to the core concepts of hydrology and water chemistry. Additionally, the instructors faced the task of making our research fit together seamlessly, such that one topic would naturally progress to the next topic. We ensured that students' knowledge progressed enough so they could address complex management issues through critical thinking and application of basic field techniques. It is our objective to share the experiences and challenges in developing an interdisciplinary course that: 1) introduced new research ideas and concepts from six separate fields, 2) enhanced lecture concepts by hands-on, field-based activities, and 3) would keep students from science and non-science backgrounds engaged and challenged but not overwhelmed.

Working Memory and Executive Function Profiles of Individuals with Borderline Intellectual Functioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alloway, T. P.

2010-01-01

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the following issues: (1) Do students with borderline intellectual functioning have a pervasive pattern of impaired working memory skills across both verbal and visuo-spatial domains? (2) Is there evidence for impairment in executive function skills, and which tasks indicate greater…

Teachers' Needs in Supporting Students with a Disability in the Classroom: A Research Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eraclides, George

An Australian study explored what teachers thought about working with students with disabilities and what kind of factors affected their practices. Twelve teachers from Box Hill Institute in Melbourne were interviewed using questions grouped into these four categories: background and experience, attitude, professional issues, and recommendations.…

Effects of Incest: A Cluster Analysis of MMPI Profiles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ritchey, Kathleen M.; Dixon, David N.

This study was conducted to assess the effects of incest using the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Women (N=81) seeking counseling for issues related to an incestuous childhood and nonsexually abused adult female counseling clients (N=90) completed the MMPI and a background information questionnaire. The groups were compared by…

Barriers to Providing the Sexuality Education That Teachers Believe Students Need

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eisenberg, Marla E.; Madsen, Nikki; Oliphant, Jennifer A.; Sieving, Renee E.

2013-01-01

Background: Sexuality education teachers' perspectives are important to gain a full understanding of the issues surrounding teaching this subject. This study uses a statewide sample of public school teachers to examine what sexuality education content is taught, what barriers teachers face, and which barriers are associated with teaching specific…

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-24

13 The FALCON Study...range strike capabilities. These include bombers, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and boost-glide technologies that would mate a rocket booster...Command, Hearing, April 4, 2005. 23 Grossman, Elaine M., “U.S. General: Precise Long-Range Missiles may Enable Big Nuclear Cuts,” Inside the Pentagon

Racialised Norms in Apprenticeship Systems in England and Germany

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chadderton, Charlotte; Wischmann, Anke

2014-01-01

In this paper, we consider the issue of the under-representation of young people from minority ethnic/migrant backgrounds in apprenticeships in England and Germany. Whilst there are many studies on apprenticeships in England and Germany, few focus on under-representation or discrimination, even fewer on ethnic under-representation, and there are…

Sexuality and HIV Education in Charter Schools: An Exploratory Study with Principals in San Diego County, California

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh-Buhi, Eric R.; Dao, Brandon; Salgin, Linda; Marshall, James; Miller, Rachel; Fisher, Doug; Walsh-Buhi, Margaret

2017-01-01

Background: Schools can address critical sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues among youth. However, little is known about SRH education being implemented in charter schools. Thus, our purpose was to explore implementation of SRH education in charter schools. Methods: Using purposive sampling, semistructured telephone interviews were…

Teaching about Ethnic Conflict: Global Issues. Ethnic Heritage Series, Volume 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamy, Steven L.

The document presents background information and activities for use by secondary school social studies teachers as they incorporate material on ethnic conflict into the curriculum. Ethnic conflicts are interpreted as hostilities which are either solely based upon or accentuated by ethnic differences. Examples are violence in Northern Ireland,…

Development of Integrated Public Administration Custom Services in Hungary.

PubMed

Laki, Tamas

2015-01-01

The paper is a case-study introducing a national project in Hungary establishing a countrywide public administration customer service system where accessibility was a key issue. Starting from the concept the paper describes the methods and organisational background how accessible design was integrated in the planning method and gives a feedback of site experiences.

Reflections on Doing Inclusive Research in the "Making Life Good in the Community" Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bigby, Christine; Frawley, Patsie

2010-01-01

Background: The involvement of people with intellectual disability in research is framed as inclusive, denoting their active participation in its processes. However, questions are raised about ownership and control, genuineness of involvement, and the need for honest accounts to develop practice. Such issues are particularly pressing in Australia,…

The Culture of Mexican-Americans: Its Importance for Early Childhood Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saracho, Olivia N.; Martinez-Hancock, Frances

2007-01-01

This paper provides an introduction to the Mexican-American culture, describing (1) cultural diversity and linguistic policies in the United States; (2) cultural and linguistic studies that have examined the backgrounds of Mexican-American individuals; (3) the characteristics of this population; (4) issues on discrimination and human relations;…

The Process of Coping with Changes: A Study of Learning Experiences for the Aboriginal Nursing Freshmen

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Ruo Lan

2012-01-01

Background: Given the increasing presence of aborigines in Taiwan higher education, especially in nursing institutes, the retention and adaptation of aboriginal students is a critical issue for research. Understanding the adjustment and transformation process of aboriginal nursing freshmen is very important for improving their learning, but very…

International Videoconferencing for Public Health Education: Linking the U.S. and Germany

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, Sloane C.; Chaney, Beth H.; Kirsten, Wolf

2010-01-01

Background: Video-linking with other countries provides a low-cost vehicle for students to learn more about health issues of other cultures and reflectively discuss the public health promotion and education activities of those countries in real time. Purpose: This article presents a case study of international videoconferencing in the higher…

Evaluation of the Association between Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs)and Diabetes in Epidemiological Studies: A National Toxicology Program Workshop Review

EPA Science Inventory

Background: Diabetes is a major threat to public health in the United States and worldwide. Understanding the role of environmental chemicals in the development or progression of diabetes is an emerging issue in environmental health.Objective: We assessed the epidemiologic litera...

Promoting Fitness and Safety in Elementary Students: A Randomized Control Study of the Michigan Model for Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Neill, James M.; Clark, Jeffrey K.; Jones, James A.

2016-01-01

Background: In elementary grades, comprehensive health education curricula have demonstrated effectiveness in addressing singular health issues. The Michigan Model for Health (MMH) was implemented and evaluated to determine its impact on nutrition, physical fitness, and safety knowledge and skills. Methods: Schools (N = 52) were randomly assigned…

Impact of Large-Scale Assessment on Mexico's Education Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martínez-Rizo, Felipe; Silva-Guerrero, Juana E.

2016-01-01

After an introduction that briefly describes the two studies on which this article is based, we provide background information on Mexico's education system and the sociopolitical context of the country, and we explain relevant issues of this context for education, arising from the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic political system,…

Education in Asia: Reviews, Reports and Notes. Number 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Bangkok (Thailand). Regional Office for Education in Asia and Oceania.

This issue contains a special report on education in Papua New Guinea, nine reviews of recent publications and studies, and brief descriptions of 14 Asian educational documents. The special report discusses the political, economic, and historical background of education in Fapua New Guinea; describes goals of the five-year plan for 1976-80; and…

Current Issues in Undergraduate Psychiatry Education: The Findings of a Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dogra, Nisha; Edwards, Ruth; Karim, Khalid; Cavendish, Susan

2008-01-01

Background: Recruitment into psychiatry is correlated with the quality of undergraduate medical school teaching programmes and with a commitment of major resources to teaching students. There is an extensive literature related to attitudes towards psychiatry but less on the learning and teaching of psychiatry. Aims: To identify the current issues…

Elementary School Personnel's Perceptions on Childhood Obesity: Pervasiveness and Facilitating Factors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Odum, Mary; McKyer, E. Lisako J.; Tisone, Christine A.; Outley, Corliss W.

2013-01-01

Background: Researchers in numerous disciplines have investigated the effects of the school environment on childhood obesity (CHO), one of the greatest current health concerns in the United States. There is a gap in current empirical evidence, however, on school personnel's perspectives of this issue. This study examined school personnel's…

The History of the English Language Course: A Cross-Disciplinary Approach to the Humanities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dressman, Michael R.

2007-01-01

The study of the history of the English language can help students become aware of major issues in several academic fields, including history, literature, political science, anthropology, communication, economics, the Arts, and, of course, languages and linguistics. Even though instructors may not have an especially broad background in the…

Homeless Education and Social Capital: An Examination of School and Community Leaders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Peter M.

2011-01-01

Background/Context: This study contributes to the literature on the schooling of homeless and highly mobile students. Although previous work has detailed the demographics of homelessness, the effects of homelessness on academic progress, and particular legal issues in homeless education, this research focused on how individual and institutional…

Comparative Education: Contemporary Issues and Trends.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halls, W. D., Ed.

The global status of comparative education from the 1960s to the present is presented in three parts. Part 1 comprises a general review of the background to seven regional studies. The review provides a picture of the overall historical development; the modifications in the concept of comparative education that have occurred; the general…

Fiction from the Other Americas: Bibliographic Surveys and Classroom Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahony, Elizabeth

This paper contains bibliographies of Latin American fiction and classroom applications for use in a 3-week unit in an introduction to fiction class. Section 1 discusses background research, selection of materials, choice of authors, translation issues, and plans for future study and course development. Section 2 contains an annotated bibliography…

Relationship between Health Risk and School Attendance among Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Centeio, Erin E.; Cance, Jessica Duncan; Barcelona, Jeanne M.; Castelli, Darla M.

2018-01-01

Background/Purpose: The prevalence of childhood obesity and school truancy are contemporary health issues, as millions of children do not attend school, when required. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between intent to be physically active, aerobic fitness, and school absences. Methods: Data from 1907 adolescents from the…

Listening for Identity beyond the Speech Event

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wortham, Stanton

2010-01-01

Background: A typical account of listening focuses on cognition, describing how a listener understands and reacts to the cognitive contents of a speaker's utterance. The articles in this issue move beyond a cognitive view, arguing that listening also involves moral, aesthetic, and political aspects. Focus of Study: This article attends to all four…

Children's Postdisaster Trajectories of PTS Symptoms: Predicting Chronic Distress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

La Greca, Annette M.; Lai, Betty S.; Llabre, Maria M.; Silverman, Wendy K.; Vernberg, Eric M.; Prinstein, Mitchell J.

2013-01-01

Background: There are no studies of the distinct trajectories of children's psychological distress over the first year after a destructive natural disaster and the determinants of these trajectories. Objective: We examined these issues using an existing dataset of children exposed to Hurricane Andrew, one of the most devastating natural…

Accessing Multicultural Issues through Critical Thinking, Critical Inquiry, and the Student Research Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Judith

2006-01-01

This qualitative study describes and evaluates a pedagogical procedure that allows multicultural college freshmen to devise and research topics indigenous to their communal backgrounds. The researcher wishes to ascertain whether a method delineated by an academic procedure and limited to a classroom setting can have extended social implications…

The Road Barely Taken: Funerals, and People with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forrester-Jones, Rachel

2013-01-01

Background: The topic of funerals within the life cycle approach to care in the UK remains largely absent. This small exploratory study sought to investigate how practitioners deal with this sensitive issue and to capture the views of older people with and without intellectual disabilities about funerals. Methods: A semi-structured questionnaire…

Student Teacher Experiences in a Service-Learning Project for Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilkinson, Shawn; Harvey, William J.; Bloom, Gordon A.; Joober, Ridha; Grizenko, Natalie

2013-01-01

Background: Service learning (SL) is a collaborative relationship between university professors, their students, and community partners who combine academic learning and active participation to address community issues. Previous studies in SL and physical education teacher education (PETE) found SL projects increased opportunities for learning and…

The Role of Transport Use in Adolescent Wilderness Treatment: Its Relationship to Readiness to Change and Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tucker, Anita R.; Bettmann, Joanna E.; Norton, Christine L.; Comart, Casey

2015-01-01

Background: Considering the sensitive ethical issues related to involuntary treatment of adolescents, research investigating youth transport practices and treatment outcomes is clearly needed. Youth transport is common practice in many private pay programs, including wilderness therapy programs. Objective: This study of 350 adolescents in…

Exploring the Weight and Health Status of Adults with Down Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Havercamp, Susan M.; Tassé, Marc J.; Navas, Patricia; Benson, Betsey A.; Allain, Dawn; Manickam, Kandamurugu

2017-01-01

Background: People with developmental disabilities experience worse health than typically developing peers. This health differential is often described in terms of health disparities, which refers to differences caused or exacerbated by social or access issues. Objective: the goal of this study was to compare the weight status and health…

Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) Scores in 11-Year-Old Children with Communication Impairments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Botting, Nicola

2004-01-01

Background: The pragmatic skills of children with communication disorders and their assessment are currently an issue for speech and language therapy and educational placement. Aims: To explore whether different subgroups of children with communication disorders score differently on the Children's Communication Checklist (CCC) and to study how…

Community Politics and Educational Change. Ten School Systems Under Court Order.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willie, Charles V., Ed.; Greenblath, Susan L., Ed.

This book contains reports on ten school districts' responses to court ordered desegregation. The book begins with an historical background and a discussion of racial politics and community conflict. Following the introduction are the ten case studies, whose titles reveal the city and issues under examination: (1) "Boston, Massachusetts:…

Practitioner Review: Adolescent Alcohol Use Disorders--Assessment and Treatment Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perepletchikova, Francheska; Krystal, John H.; Kaufman, Joan

2008-01-01

Background: Alcohol use disorders in adolescents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning of research on adolescent alcohol use disorders. Methods: A summary of the alcohol assessment tools is provided, and randomized studies reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of state…

Smart Desktops for Teachers. ECS Issue Paper: Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palaich, Robert M.; Good, Dixie Griffin; Stout, Connie; Vickery, Emily

This report presents the results of a study of how emerging technologies can help educators deliver standards-based education to K-12 students. The first section of the report provides background on the new technology offerings and defines smart desktop systems. The second section lists critical questions for decisionmakers related to general…

Implementation of a Study Skills Program for Entering At-Risk Medical Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Cynthia J.

2014-01-01

While the first year of medical school is challenging for all students, there may be specific issues for students from rural areas, economically disadvantaged backgrounds, ethnic minorities, or nontraditional age groups. A Summer Prematriculation Program (SPP) was created to prepare entering at-risk students for the demands of medical school. For…

Hybrid Problem-Based Learning in Digital Image Processing: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tan, Songxin; Shen, Zixing

2018-01-01

Contribution: This paper reports a curriculum development in hybrid problem-based learning (h-PBL), addresses the design, implementation, effectiveness, and assessment issues of h-PBL, and explains the mixed results observed regarding the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) on student grades from a hybrid perspective. Background: The effect of…

Adolescent Behavioral, Affective, and Cognitive Engagement in School: Relationship to Dropout

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Archambault, Isabelle; Janosz, Michel; Morizot, Julien; Pagani, Linda

2009-01-01

Background: High school dropout represents an important public health issue. This study assessed the 3 distinct dimensions of student engagement in high school and examined the relationships between the nature and course of such experiences and later dropout. Methods: We administered questionnaires to 13,330 students (44.7% boys) from 69 high…

School Psychology Recruitment Research Characteristics and Implications for Increasing Racial and Ethnic Diversity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Proctor, Sherrie L.; Romano, Maria

2016-01-01

Shortages of school psychologists and the underrepresentation of minorities in school psychology represent longstanding concerns. Scholars recommend that one way to address both issues is to recruit individuals from racially and ethnically diverse backgrounds into school psychology. The purpose of this study was to explore the characteristics and…

Navy DDG-1000 (DD(X)) and CG(X) Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-20

Report RL32665, Navy Force Structure and Shipbuilding Plans : Background and Issues for Congress, by Ronald O’Rourke. The Navy wants to procure a total of 7...DDG-1000s and 19 CG(X)s as part of a proposed 313-ship fleet.2 Under the Navy’s proposed plan , the first two DDG-1000s are to be procured in FY2007...major DDG-1000 contractors, including Northrop Grumman’s Ship Systems ( NGSS ) division (which includes the Ingalls Shipyard in Pascagoula, MS), General

Measurement Issues in Health Disparities Research

PubMed Central

Ramírez, Mildred; Ford, Marvella E; Stewart, Anita L; A Teresi, Jeanne

2005-01-01

Background Racial and ethnic disparities in health and health care have been documented; the elimination of such disparities is currently part of a national agenda. In order to meet this national objective, it is necessary that measures identify accurately the true prevalence of the construct of interest across diverse groups. Measurement error might lead to biased results, e.g., estimates of prevalence, magnitude of risks, and differences in mean scores. Addressing measurement issues in the assessment of health status may contribute to a better understanding of health issues in cross-cultural research. Objective To provide a brief overview of issues regarding measurement in diverse populations. Findings Approaches used to assess the magnitude and nature of bias in measures when applied to diverse groups include qualitative analyses, classic psychometric studies, as well as more modern psychometric methods. These approaches should be applied sequentially, and/or iteratively during the development of measures. Conclusions Investigators performing comparative studies face the challenge of addressing measurement equivalence, crucial for obtaining accurate results in cross-cultural comparisons. PMID:16179000

26 CFR 301.6110-6 - Written determinations issued in response to requests submitted before November 1, 1976.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Written determinations issued in response to... Information and Returns Returns and Records § 301.6110-6 Written determinations issued in response to requests submitted before November 1, 1976. (a) Inspection of written determinations and background file documents—(1...

Intellectual property issues in holography and high tech

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reingand, Nadya

2004-06-01

The author with technical education background (Ph.D. in holography) shares her 3+ years of experience working on intellectual property (IP) issues that includes patents, trademarks, and copyrights. A special attention is paid to the patent issues: the application procedure, the patent requirements, the databases for prior art search, how to make the cost efficient filing.

Update on Law-Related Education, 1977-1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Update on Law-Related Education, 1992

1992-01-01

This document consists of the first 16 volumes (47 issues) of a serial devoted to law-related education (LRE) that offers background information on a wide range of legal issues as well as teaching strategies for LRE. Issues of the magazine focus on the law as it affects schools and young people, with articles on school discipline, juvenile…

CTE's Role in Energy and Environmental Sustainability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hyslop, Alisha

2009-01-01

ACTE Issue Briefs are designed to highlight the role of career and technical education (CTE) in a broader issue of national interest. Each Brief is designed to strengthen the voice of CTE related to the specific issue and to draw more attention to CTE activities and best practices around the country. The Briefs provide background information,…

Incredible Years Parent and Teacher Programmes: Emerging Themes and Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wetherall, Michelle

2014-01-01

This paper examines the Incredible Years Parent and Teacher Programmes that have originated from the work of Webster-Stratton. It provides a brief background on the programmes and a critical analysis of the issues as identified in current literature. The issues can be grouped into four main categories, the first being government decision-making…

Critical Issues for Teacher Educators and Literacy Specialists: A View from Higher Education in New York

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goatley, Virginia

2008-01-01

This article outlines five critical issues for teacher educators and literacy specialists in New York State. Intended to raise issues and share recent policy decisions, the article provides background and conversations about current policy. Readers are encouraged to make decisions about how to participate in the current conversations across the…

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-10

and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles Congressional Research Service Forward-Based Global Strike ( FBGS ...they may address the nuclear ambiguity issues raised by long-range ballistic missiles in the CPGS program. Forward-Based Global Strike ( FBGS

The Influence of Cultural Background on Parental Perceptions of Adolescent Gambling Behaviour: A Canadian Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Colin A.; Derevensky, Jeffrey L.; Meerkamper, Eric; Cutajar, Jo

2012-01-01

Considerable research has begun to address youth gambling issues from a bio-psycho-social perspective. The current Canadian national study adds to this body of knowledge by examining the cultural influences impacting parent's attitudes, behaviors and perceptions of youth gambling. A total of 3,279 parents with a child between the ages of 13 and 18…

Background Papers Prepared for the "Study of the Escalating Costs of Higher Education."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pelavin Associates, Inc., Washington, DC.

This report presents seven studies commissioned by the U.S. Department of Education to examine the issue of the rapid rise of college costs during the 1980s and the ability of American students and families to afford higher education. The seven papers are as follows: (1) "The Ability to Afford Higher Education: Past, Present, and Future" (Ralph M.…

Reconciling the Perspective of Practitioner and Service User: Findings from The Aphasia in Scotland Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Law, James; Huby, Guro; Irving, Anne-Marie; Pringle, Ann-Marie; Conochie, Douglas; Haworth, Catherine; Burston, Amanda

2010-01-01

Background: It is widely accepted that service users should be actively involved in new service developments, but there remain issues about how best to consult with them and how to reconcile their views with those of service providers. Aims: This paper uses data from The Aphasia in Scotland study, set up by NHS Quality Improvement Scotland to…

[Basic thoughts on psychopharmacological interventions through psychotherapy of severe forms of post-traumatic stress disorder: a case study].

PubMed

Joksimovic, Ljiljana; Wöller, Wolfgang; Kunzke, Dieter

2013-01-01

The present paper focuses on clinical issues concerning the psychopharmacological treatment of severe forms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).Using a case study, we discuss problems in this field against the background of psychodynamic and psychotraumatological theories. We also present strategies for the appropriate use of psychotropic drugs in the psychotherapy of PTSD.

Chiral Magnetic Effect Search in p(d)+Au, Au+Au Collisions at RHIC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Jie

The chiral magnetic effect (CME) refers to charge separation along a strong magnetic field of single-handed quarks, caused by interactions with topological gluon fields from QCD vacuum fluctuations. A major background of CME measurements in heavy-ion collisions comes from resonance decays coupled with elliptical flow anisotropy. These proceedings present two new studies from STAR to shed further light on the background issue: (1) small system p+Au and d+Au collisions where the CME signal is not expected, and (2) pair invariant mass dependence where resonance peaks can be identified.

Media coverage of health issues and how to work more effectively with journalists: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background The mass media has enormous potential to influence health-related behaviours and perceptions. Much research has focused on how the media frames health issues. This study sought to explore how journalists in Australia select and shape news on health issues. Methods The study involved semi-structured interviews with 16 journalists from major Australian print, radio and television media organisations reporting on avian influenza and pandemic planning. Journalists, including reporters, editors and producers, were interviewed between October 2006 and August 2007. Thematic analysis was used to draw out major lessons for health communicators. Results Journalists routinely attempted to balance different, sometimes competing, aims amidst significant operational constraints. They perceived the most trusted sources on health issues to be respected and independent doctors. Specialist health and medical reporters had a more sound technical knowledge, channels to appropriate sources, power within their organisations, and ability to advocate for better quality coverage. Conclusions An awareness of how to work with the media is essential for health communicators. This includes understanding journalists' daily routines, being available, providing resources, and building relationships with specialist health reporters. PMID:20822552

Herd health status and management practices on 16 Irish suckler beef farms

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background There have been few studies published internationally which document herd health management practices in suckler beef herds and no published Irish studies. The study objective was to document herd health status and management practices on sixteen Irish suckler beef herds over a two year period (2009–2010). The farms used in the study were part of the Teagasc BETTER farm beef programme. The mean (s.d.) herd size, stocking rate and farm size was 68 cows (27.6), 2.0 LU/ha (0.3) and 64.3 (21.6) adjusted hectares, respectively. Two questionnaires were designed; 1) a farmer questionnaire to collect information on farm background and current herd health control practices and 2) a veterinary questionnaire to collect information on the extent of animal health advice given by veterinarians to their clients and identification of any on-farm herd health issues. Results Dystocia, calf pneumonia, and calf diarrhoea, in that order, were identified as the primary herd health issues in these Irish suckler beef herds. In addition, substantial deficiencies in biosecurity practices were also identified on these farms. Conclusions The findings of this study may serve as the focus for future research in animal health management practices in Irish suckler beef herds. PMID:24195997

Occupant protection issues among older drivers and passengers. Volume 2, Appendices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-04-01

The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration is concerned about highway safety issues for older adults and is interested in understanding what contributes to seat belt use or nonuse among people 65 and older. This background report details the ...

Issues in container transportation in the Northeast : background, framework, illustrative results and future directions

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-12-01

An integrated framework for addressing container transportation issues in the Northeast US is developed and illustrated. The framework involves the extension of a spatial-economic coastal container port and related multimodal demand simulation model ...

Chemistry from Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harding, Jan; Donaldson, Jim

1986-01-01

Describes the "Chemistry from Issues" project at Chelsea College. Provides the background information, rationale, and overall structure of a proposed course about the importance of chemistry to common culture. Outlines one module about the British steel industry that has been taught at King's College. (TW)

Background antibiotic resistance patterns in antibiotic-free pastured poultry production

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Antibiotic resistance (AR) is a significant public health issue, and agroecosystems are often viewed as major environmental sources of antibiotic resistant foodborne pathogens. While the use of antibiotics in agroecosystems can potentially increase AR, appropriate background resistance levels in th...

Key issues concerning environmental enrichment for laboratory-held fish species.

PubMed

Williams, T D; Readman, G D; Owen, S F

2009-04-01

An improved knowledge and understanding of the fundamental biological requirements is needed for many of the species of fish held in captivity and, without this knowledge it is difficult to determine the optimal conditions for laboratory culture. The aim of this paper is to review the key issues concerning environmental enrichment for laboratory-held fish species and identify where improvements are required. It provides background information on environmental enrichment, describes enrichment techniques currently used in aquatic ecotoxicology studies, identifies potential restrictions in their use and discusses why more detailed and species-specific guidance is needed.

Growing Up in a Nuclear World: A Resource Guide for Elementary School Teachers. Teaching Nuclear Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meier, Paulette; McPherson, Beth

Provided in this guide are annotated lists of teacher and student resources for teaching and learning about nuclear issues in the elementary/junior high school (grades K-8). Resources are grouped into five major sections. The first section (background reading for teachers) contains books and articles focusing on nuclear issues (nuclear war; arms…

Working with Practicing Teachers in a High-Stakes Teaching Context to Rethink Their Pedagogical Practices with Children of Diverse Backgrounds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Christopher P.; Weber, Natalie Babiak

2016-01-01

The public education system in the United States continues to struggle in educating children of diverse backgrounds. Many have addressed this issue by documenting how certain practices teach children particular types of knowledge and skills. This developmental focus on what should be happening to children of diverse backgrounds tends to ignore the…

Untangling Psychiatric Comorbidity in Young Children Who Experienced Single, Repeated, or Hurricane Katrina Traumatic Events

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheeringa, Michael S.

2015-01-01

Background: In individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 70-90 % have at least one comorbid non-PTSD disorder. Objective: This study tested several hypotheses to untangle comorbidity issues. Following McMillen et al. ("Compr Psychiatry" 43(6):478-485, 2002), we hypothesized that few non-PTSD disorders would arise following…

Participation in the Adoption Mentoring Partnership: Mentors' Experiences of Ethnic Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garber, Karin J.; French, Quade Y. S.; Grotevant, Harold D.

2015-01-01

The Adoption Mentoring Partnership (AMP) matches preadolescent adoptees with adopted college students, prioritizing matches of the same ethnic background. As part of AMP, participants actively discuss issues of ethnicity and adoption with a cohort of mentors over a period of 1 to 3 years in mentor group meetings (MGMs). This study focuses on…

Turkey: Women in Development. A World Bank Country Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hadler, Sandra

This report is intended to serve as the basis of the World Bank's support to the government of Turkey in the implementation of its policies to enhance the participation of women in the economic development process. The report provides background information on the situation of women in Turkey, including legal and health issues, and examines…

Challenge of the Future: Visions and Versions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conboy, William A., Ed.

This book presents background information and approximately 40 articles on various aspects of the future. It is intended for use as a textbook and/or reader in advanced high school or college level future studies courses. The objectives are to help students of the future examine major problems and issues and to encourage them to devise new models…

Preparing Students for Democratic Citizenship in a Multicultural Society: Engaging Diversity through Project Mosaik

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zúñiga, Ximena; Nelson Laird, Thomas F.; Mitchell, Tania D.

2015-01-01

This study examines whether participation in a diversity initiative, Project MosaiK, helped prepare students to engage and actively address social justice issues in their residence halls. After controlling for background characteristics, findings suggest that the more students participated in Project MosaiK activities, the more likely they were to…

Preparing Students for a Diverse, Deliberative Democracy: College Diversity Experiences and Informed Citizenship after College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denson, Nida; Bowman, Nicholas A.; Park, Julie J.

2017-01-01

Background/Context: The role of race in the university continues to be a contentious issue. Proponents of college diversity often cite the importance of fostering a diverse and deliberative democratic society, but the link between student experiences and postcollege citizenship has received limited attention. Purpose/Objective: This study explores…

Socio-Demographic Differences in Self-Reported Psychological Distress among 25- to 64-Year-Old Finns

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talala, Kirsi; Huurre, Taina; Aro, Hillevi; Martelin, Tuija; Prattala, Ritva

2008-01-01

Background: Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the relative importance of socio-demographic characteristics associated with different domains of psychological distress in Finland. Methods: Data source was a nationwide survey "Health Behaviour and Health among the Finnish Adult…

Personal and Formal Backgrounds as Factors Which Influence Linguistic and Cultural Competency in the Teaching of Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen-Le, Khanh

2010-01-01

This dissertation addresses the need for effective teaching approaches in a society with increasing numbers of culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) students. The focus of this study is on teachers' linguistic and cultural competency (LCC), which I define as teachers' critical thinking and sensitivity concerning issues of language and…

The Development of Instructional Materials E-Learning Based on Blended Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kristanto, Andi; Mustaji; Mariono, Andi

2017-01-01

The use of e-learning is becoming the global issue now. In an educational field, there are many institutions already use it. The study very important aimed to test the feasibility and effectiveness the development of instructional materials e-learning based on the blended learning in audio/radio media development course. The background laid behind…

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-08-26

13 The FALCON Study...that would mate a rocket booster with a hypersonic glide vehicle. Congress has generally supported the rationale for the PGS mission, but it has...General: Precise Long-Range Missiles may Enable Big Nuclear Cuts,” Inside the Pentagon, April 28, 2005. Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-05

13 The FALCON Study...bombers, cruise missiles, ballistic missiles, and boost-glide technologies that would mate a rocket booster with a hypersonic glide vehicle. Congress has...Strategic Command, Hearing, April 4, 2005. 23 Grossman, Elaine M., “U.S. General: Precise Long-Range Missiles may Enable Big Nuclear Cuts,” Inside the

Science, Technology and Society in Contemporary Egypt: Background Information for Social Studies Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1989

Egypt is having a very difficult time supplying enough food to meet the demands of its swelling population. This complex problem is analyzed and discussed from a variety of perspectives. Factors such as foreign aid, family planning, agriculture, demographics, and religious and social culture are examined, as well as more specific issues such as…

Learning from Success as Leverage for a Professional Learning Community: Exploring an Alternative Perspective of School Improvement Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schechter, Chen

2010-01-01

Background: Although the professional learning community as a means of improving student achievement has received growing support from researchers and practitioners alike, professionals are still exploring ways to develop interaction networks regarding teaching and learning issues. Purpose: This study explores the evolving stages of a collective…

Influence of Course in Medical Ethics and Law on Career Plans of Medical Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheng, Shi-Yann; Lin, Lih-Hwa; Kao, Chung-Han; Chan, Tzu-Min

2015-01-01

Background: The significant increase in medical disputes and lawsuits in recent years in Taiwan has severely affected behavior and ecology in medical practice. For this reason, we designed integrated courses on ethics and law and conducted a questionnaire-based career plan study to understand whether these issues influence their specialty…

Integrated Programs for Mothers with Substance Abuse Issues and Their Children: A Systematic Review of Studies Reporting on Child Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niccols, Alison; Milligan, Karen; Smith, Ainsley; Sword, Wendy; Thabane, Lehana; Henderson, Joanna

2012-01-01

Background: Integrated treatment programs (those that include on-site pregnancy-, parenting-, or child-related services with addiction services) were developed to break the intergenerational cycle of addiction, potential child maltreatment, and poor outcomes for children. Objectives: To examine the impact and effects of integrated programs for…

Health Promotion Efforts as Predictors of Physical Activity in Schools: An Application of the Diffusion of Innovations Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glowacki, Elizabeth M.; Centeio, Erin E.; Van Dongen, Daniel J.; Carson, Russell L.; Castelli, Darla M.

2016-01-01

Background: Implementing a comprehensive school physical activity program (CSPAP) effectively addresses public health issues by providing opportunities for physical activity (PA). Grounded in the Diffusion of Innovations model, the purpose of this study was to identify how health promotion efforts facilitate opportunities for PA. Methods: Physical…

Academic and Social Adjustment of High School Refugee Youth in Newfoundland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Xuemei; Grineva, Marina

2016-01-01

This article addresses the complex academic and social adjustment issues of newcomer youth of refugee background at a high school in Newfoundland and Labrador, a province where the newcomer population is small but the percentage of refugees in relation to all newcomers is high. Data for this qualitative study include documents from educational…

Understanding "A Tale of Two Cities": A Student Casebook to Issues, Sources, and Historical Documents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newlin, George

Charles Dickens' novel, "A Tale of Two Cities," does not waste a word in telling a touching, suspenseful tale set against the background of one of the bloodiest events in history, the French Revolution. This casebook's collection of historical documents, collateral readings, and commentary will promote interdisciplinary study of the…

Towards an Integrated Second-Language Pedagogy for Foreign and Community/Heritage Languages in Multilingual Britain

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Jim

2008-01-01

A key issue, which has undermined the development of community/heritage language teaching in the UK over recent decades, has been the need to define an appropriate pedagogical approach which takes account of the bilingual and bicultural background of the majority of learners studying these languages. Within the National Curriculum, community…

The Prevalence and Determinants of Tobacco Use among Adolescents in Saudi Arabia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Al Agili, Dania E.; Park, Hyoun-Kyoung

2012-01-01

Background: Adolescent tobacco use has been a serious public health issue, resulting in longer duration of tobacco use and higher nicotine dependence in adulthood. This study identified the current status of tobacco use among middle schools students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and the factors leading to tobacco use, to provide information on how to…

Colorectal Cancer Screening: Knowledge, Perceived Benefits and Barriers, and Intentions among College and University Employees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bajracharya, Srijana M.; Wigglesworth, Janet K.

2013-01-01

Background: Early detection through routine screening is critical in reducing the incidence rate of colorectal cancer (CRC). Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine college and university employees' knowledge of CRC issues, their perceptions of the benefits of and barriers to CRC screening, and their intentions toward it. Methods: This…

Students' Use of Evaluative Constructivism: Comparative Degrees of Intentional Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conner, Lindsey Norma

2014-01-01

"Evaluative constructivism" is used to describe how students derived learning intentions and made choices about what they would do during a unit of work in a final-year high school biology class, as they conducted an inquiry into the social and ethical issues associated with cancer. The context of the study, theoretical background and…

Getting Past the Gatekeeper: Safeguarding and Access Issues in Researching HIV+ Children in Jamaica

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Paul; Kelly, Kemesha; Spawls, Nicola

2013-01-01

This article is derived from a recently completed research study on the "Schooling Experiences of HIV+ Children in Jamaica". It is written against the background of researching children generally, and also in the context of researching vulnerable children, specifically those who are HIV+. Research carries with it various notions of power…

Factors Influencing Success in Integrating the Four-Year Business School Curriculum: Implications for Business Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Athavale, Manoj; Myring, Mark; Davis, Rodney E.; Truell, Allen D.

2010-01-01

Background: Previous research has advocated the use of an integrated business curriculum, and has examined issues related to content, design and delivery of an integrated curriculum. However, no study was found that evaluated deans' perceptions of the importance of integration, the status of integration efforts, and the resources necessary for…

Being Reliable: Issues in Determining the Reliability and Making Sense of Observations of Adults with Congenital Deafblindness?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prain, M. I.; McVilly, K. R.; Ramcharan, P.

2012-01-01

Background: Most research into interactions with people who are congenitally deafblind involves observational data. In order for practitioners and researchers to have confidence in the findings of observational studies, researchers need to demonstrate that the processes employed are replicable and trustworthy. This paper draws on data from an…

Diversity and Educational Challenges in Oslo and Los Angeles--A Metropolitan Perspective nr 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Özerk, Kamil; Kerchner, Charles Taylor

2014-01-01

Receiving, accommodation and education of children with immigrant background is one of the challenging issues in almost all the metropolitan areas in many countries. In our study we are exploring the impact of demographic changes on political agendas, legal frames, educational approaches, research findings and student achievement in the field of…

Teaching Language Minority Students in Los Angeles and Oslo--A Metropolitan Perspective nr 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kerchner, Charles Taylor; Özerk, Kamil

2014-01-01

Receiving, accommodation and education of children with immigrant background is one of the challenging issues in almost all the metropolitan areas in many countries. In our study we are exploring the impact of demographic changes on political agendas, legal frames, educational approaches, research findings and student achievement in the field of…

Forensic Marketing: The Use of the Historical Method in a Capstone Marketing Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bussiere, Dave

2005-01-01

Case studies have long been used in marketing programs as a way to provide real-world context to business issues and to structure analysis and decision making. In a similar fashion, advocates of the teaching of business/marketing history believe that it provides a contextual background for the marketing student. This article first demonstrates…

Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-21

Procurement Congressional Research Service 4 Figure 1. Virginia-Class Attack Submarine Source: U.S. Navy file photo accessed by CRS on January...May 12, 2004, p. 1; Lolita C. Baldor, “Study Recommends Cutting Submarine Fleet,” NavyTimes.com, May 13, 2004. 44 U.S. Department of the Navy, An

Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-12

Research Service 4 Figure 1. Virginia-Class Attack Submarine Source: U.S. Navy file photo accessed by CRS on January 11, 2011, at http...September 2001, p. 23. 42 Bryan Bender, “Navy Eyes Cutting Submarine Force,” Boston Globe, May 12, 2004, p. 1; Lolita C. Baldor, “Study Recommends

Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-01

Source: U.S. Navy file photo accessed by CRS on January 11, 2011, at http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp? story_id=55715. Past and Projected...September 2001, p. 23. 52 Bryan Bender, “Navy Eyes Cutting Submarine Force,” Boston Globe, May 12, 2004, p. 1; Lolita C. Baldor, “Study Recommends

Pre-Service Teachers' Perceptions towards Multicultural Education & Teaching of Culturally & Linguistically Diverse Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Roben; Kumi-Yeboah, Alex; Ringlaben, Ravic P.

2016-01-01

The issue of diversity in U.S. K-12 schools requires significant training and experiences for preservice teachers to recognize the importance of students' socio-cultural, religious values, and the influence their cultural background have in their quest to succeed in their educational endeavors. This study provides significant information to…

Capabilities of radar as they might relate to entomological studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Skolnik, M. I.

1979-01-01

A tutoral background of radar capabilities and its potential for insect research is provided. The basic principles and concepts of radar were reviewed. Information on current radar equipment was examined. Specific issues related to insect research included; target cross-section, radar frequency, tracking target recognition and false alarms, clutter reduction, radar transmitter power, and ascertained atmospheric processes.

Arithmetic Difficulties in Children with Cerebral Palsy Are Related to Executive Function and Working Memory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenks, Kathleen M.; de Moor, Jan; van Lieshout, Ernest C. D. M.

2009-01-01

Background: Although it is believed that children with cerebral palsy are at high risk for learning difficulties and arithmetic difficulties in particular, few studies have investigated this issue. Methods: Arithmetic ability was longitudinally assessed in children with cerebral palsy in special (n = 41) and mainstream education (n = 16) and…

Locating the "I" in the Teaching of Death and Dying: Challenges of the Open Distance Learning Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watts, Jacqueline H.

2007-01-01

The UK Open University's second-level undergraduate course "Death and Dying" (K260) draws on personal and professional experience to explore the issues of loss, care, ethical practice, communication and grief. Students come from diverse occupational backgrounds (nurses, social workers, medical practitioners) but many study K260 for…

The Contributions of Economics to the Study of College Access and Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Bridget Terry

2007-01-01

Background/Context: The essay provides a comprehensive review of work by economists and others in related quantitative disciplines on the transition of students to college. A particular emphasis is given to the role of price and financial aid although issues related to college preparation, access, and persistence are also investigated. The final…

American Indian Women and Screening Mammography: Findings from a Qualitative Study in Oklahoma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tolma, Eleni; Batterton, Chasity; Hamm, Robert M.; Thompson, David; Engelman, Kimberly K.

2012-01-01

Background: Breast cancer is an important public health issue within the American Indian (AI) community in Oklahoma; however, there is limited information to explain the low screening mammography rates among AI women. Purpose: To identify the motivational factors affecting an AI woman's decision to obtain a mammogram. Methods: Through the use of…

Producing Success: The Culture of Personal Advancement in an American High School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demerath, Peter

2009-01-01

Middle- and upper-middle-class students continue to outpace those from less privileged backgrounds. Most attempts to redress this inequality focus on the issue of access to financial resources, but as "Producing Success" makes clear, the problem goes beyond mere economics. In this eye-opening study, Peter Demerath examines a typical suburban…

Instructional Language Policy in Ethiopia: Motivated by Politics or the Educational Needs of Children?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alemu, Daniel S.; Tekleselassie, Abebayehu A.

2006-01-01

The purpose of this study is to explain the formulation, implementation, and outcome of Ethiopia's instructional language policy in light of the PRINCE system of power analysis as adapted by Fowler (2004), along with several literature references pertinent to the issue. After providing a brief background on Ethiopia and its education and language…

Coming of Age of Human Biology: A Study of the Birth and Growth of a Subject in the School Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denny, M.

1983-01-01

Human biology is a school subject whose utilitarian/pedagogical traditions enjoy support at the School Certificate level but whose academic tradition is under threat at the General Certificate of Education level. An interpretation of the issues involved are discussed in terms of the subject's historical background. (JN)

The Notional-Functional Approach: Teaching the Real Language in Its Natural Context.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laine, Elaine

This study of the notional-functional approach to second language teaching reviews the history and theoretical background of the method, current issues, and implementation of a notional-functional syllabus. Chapter 1 discusses the history and theory of the approach and the organization and advantages of the notional-functional syllabus. Chapter 2…

Long-Term Effects of Psychological Trauma on Psychosocial Functioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolton, Derek; Hill, Jonathan; O'Ryan, Dominic; Udwin, Orlee; Boyle, Stephanie; Yule, William

2004-01-01

Background: Most studies of the effects of trauma on mental health have generally not separately assessed psychosocial functioning, and in those that have key issues have received little attention, such as the relation between the time courses of the two kinds of outcome, and detailed assessment of social functioning in a range of domains. The…

Navy Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-29

246 of H.R. 2647 would require DOD to submit to the congressional defense committees a study on the use of thorium -liquid fueled nuclear reactors ...Congressional Research Service 19 SEC. 246. STUDY ON THORIUM -LIQUID FUELED REACTORS FOR NAVAL FORCES. (a) Study Required- The Secretary of Defense and...the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff shall jointly carry out a study on the use of thorium -liquid fueled nuclear reactors for naval power

Constitutional Issues: Separation of Powers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Leslie; Burroughs, Wynell

1987-01-01

Using a copy of a February 1937 letter from the publisher of the Gannett newspapers as a discussion springboard, this article provides historical background and teaching suggestions for addressing the issue of the separation of powers through Franklin Roosevelt's attempt to 'pack' the Supreme Court. (JDH)

The Person-Centered Approach to Peace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whiteley, John M.

1987-01-01

This article introduces a special issue of the journal dedicated to Carl Rogers' person-centered approach to peace. Background work leading to the special issue is reviewed and a brief overview of Rogers' accomplishments in psychology before his death in 1987 is included. (NB)

Difficulty understanding speech in noise by the hearing impaired: underlying causes and technological solutions.

PubMed

Healy, Eric W; Yoho, Sarah E

2016-08-01

A primary complaint of hearing-impaired individuals involves poor speech understanding when background noise is present. Hearing aids and cochlear implants often allow good speech understanding in quiet backgrounds. But hearing-impaired individuals are highly noise intolerant, and existing devices are not very effective at combating background noise. As a result, speech understanding in noise is often quite poor. In accord with the significance of the problem, considerable effort has been expended toward understanding and remedying this issue. Fortunately, our understanding of the underlying issues is reasonably good. In sharp contrast, effective solutions have remained elusive. One solution that seems promising involves a single-microphone machine-learning algorithm to extract speech from background noise. Data from our group indicate that the algorithm is capable of producing vast increases in speech understanding by hearing-impaired individuals. This paper will first provide an overview of the speech-in-noise problem and outline why hearing-impaired individuals are so noise intolerant. An overview of our approach to solving this problem will follow.

Preparing Students for Humanity's Latest Adventure--Conquering Space. How to Do It in the Social Studies Classroom. Series 4, Number 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wolken, Lawrence C.

Background information and resources to help K-12 social studies teachers prepare today's youth to cope with the problems that conquering space is sure to bring are provided in this guide. The first part of the guide focuses on political, social, and economic issues that may arise as humans attempt to conquer space. Discussed are the international…

Working-Class Girls in a Foreign Land. Social Class and Settling into University in a Cross-Current between Two Cultures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Käyhkö, Mari

2015-01-01

In Finland, the financial status of a family does not in general place any restrictions on a person's studies. However, in spite of equality of opportunity, class as a cultural and social issue is a significant factor guiding the education of young people. In the article, I analyse women with a working-class background studying at university,…

Should High Non-Completion Rates amongst Ethnic Minority Students Be Seen as an Ethnicity Issue? Evidence from a Case Study of a Student Cohort from a British University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodgers, Timothy

2013-01-01

This paper examines the question of how the high non-completion rates found amongst ethnic minority students in UK higher education should be interpreted. US studies examining the nexus between academic performance, ethnicity and social background have concluded that ethnicity-related performance differences are not just the by-product of social…

Overview of the Health and Retirement Study and Introduction to the Special Issue.

PubMed

Fisher, Gwenith G; Ryan, Lindsay H

2018-01-01

Twenty five years ago, the largest academic behavioral and social science project ever undertaken in the U.S. began: the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). The HRS is an invaluable publicly available dataset for investigating work, aging, and retirement and informing public policy on these issues. This biennial longitudinal study began in 1992 and has studied more than 43,000 individuals and produced almost 4000 journal articles, dissertations, books, book chapters, and reports to date. The purpose of this special issue of Work, Aging and Retirement is to describe the HRS and highlight relevant research that utilizes this rich and complex dataset. First, we briefly describe the background that led to the development of the HRS. Then we summarize key aspects of the study, including its development, sampling, and methodology. Our review of the content of the survey focuses on the aspects of the study most relevant to research on worker aging and retirement. Next, we identify key strengths and important limitations of the study and provide advice to current and future HRS data users. Finally, we summarize the articles in this Special Issue (all of which use data from the HRS) and how they advance our knowledge and understanding of worker aging and retirement.

The morality of socioscientific issues: Construal and resolution of genetic engineering dilemmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadler, Troy D.; Zeidler, Dana L.

2004-01-01

The ability to negotiate and resolve socioscientific issues has been posited as integral components of scientific literacy. Although philosophers and science educators have argued that socioscientific issues inherently involve moral and ethical considerations, the ultimate arbiters of morality are individual decision-makers. This study explored the extent to which college students construe genetic engineering issues as moral problems. Twenty college students participated in interviews designed to elicit their ideas, reactions, and feelings regarding a series of gene therapy and cloning scenarios. Qualitative analyses revealed that moral considerations were significant influences on decision-making, indicating a tendency for students to construe genetic engineering issues as moral problems. Students engaged in moral reasoning based on utilitarian analyses of consequences as well as the application of principles. Issue construal was also influenced by affective features such as emotion and intuition. In addition to moral considerations, a series of other factors emerged as important dimensions of socioscientific decision-making. These factors included personal experiences, family biases, background knowledge, and the impact of popular culture. The implications for classroom science instruction and future research are discussed.

Agricultural Land Conversion: Background and Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furuseth, Owen J.

1982-01-01

Analyzes forces contributing to the conversion of agricultural land for other uses, causes for the depletion of the land, major issues surrounding the loss of farmland, and current policies designed to control haphazard land conversion. Concludes that the United States lacks a national farmland protection policy. (KC)

Critical Issues in Teacher and Student Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Purohit, Anal A.; And Others

1977-01-01

Background information is provided to clarify some of the issues surrounding teacher and student evaluation in pharmacy education. Major questions explored dealt with what should be evaluated, how the data should be collected and used, and the adaptability of the experiential domain for students. (Author/LBH)

The Cultured Word: Cultural Background, Bilingualism, and the School Library.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agosto, Denise E.

2001-01-01

Presents major research related to cultural background as a framework for textual meaning-making, bilingualism, and literacy development. Discusses bilingualism, literacy, and social context; considers why these issues are important to school librarians; and offers suggestions for making multicultural materials central aspects of school library…

Public School Accountability. Background Paper 95-14.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sturm, H. Pepper

This paper describes the background of various accountability systems, discusses policy issues related to the use of educational accountability information, and offers a history of the school-accountability law in Nevada. The paper concludes that because policymakers continue to express concerns about uniform measurements and comparability, it is…

Update on Law-Related Education, 1997.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Update on Law-Related, 1997

1997-01-01

This document consists of 3 volumes of a serial devoted to law-related education (LRE) offering background information on a wide range of legal issues and teaching strategies for LRE. The title themes for the three volumes include "International Law,""Crime and Freedom," and "Civil Law". Background articles are…

Background Checks on School Personnel. ERIC Digest Series EA 55.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baas, Alan

Although it is relatively simple to check on applicants' basic professional competency, ensuring the moral competency of potential school employees is much more difficult. This digest examines major legal issues, district liabilities and responsibilities, suggested guidelines, and information sources involving employee background checks. Of more…

The First Attempts to Unionize the Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cain, Timothy Reese

2010-01-01

Background/Context: Faculty unionization is an important topic in modern higher education, but the history of the phenomenon has not yet been fully considered. This article brings together issues of professionalization and unionization and provides needed historical background to ongoing unionization efforts and debates. Purpose/Objective/Research…

Effect of culture on acceptance of telemedicine in Middle Eastern countries: case study of Jordan and Syria.

PubMed

Alajlani, Mohannad; Clarke, Malcolm

2013-04-01

We investigated issues that affect the use and adoption of telemedicine in Middle Eastern countries, taking the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan and the Syrian Arab Republic as case studies. Our study is based on interviews with key stakeholders (including doctors, technicians, engineers, and decision makers) and questionnaires administered to key stakeholders (including patients), ensuring opinion was gained from people from a full range of backgrounds and roles in the healthcare system. We found doctor and patient resistance was a major issue preventing the adoption of telemedicine in both countries, followed by poor infrastructure, lack of funding, and lack of information technology training. Our research identifies that culture is a greater issue than technical matters for the adoption of telemedicine in Middle Eastern countries. Based on our preliminary results we developed a guideline framework for each country that might be applied to telemedicine projects at the pre-implementation phase. The proposed guideline framework was validated through a return visit to the stakeholders and seeking further opinion.

The complex legal and ethical issues related to generic medications. Viral hepatitis: a case study.

PubMed

Danta, M; Ghinea, N

2017-04-01

The economic impact of medications is significant, with many countries unable to afford the essential medicines listed by the WHO. Generic medications are one strategy to address this issue. Generic medications are similar to but not the same as originator medications. They have a significant cost advantage because they do not require the background research and development studies to support registration. Consequently, they are gaining increased market share in both the developed and developing world. Many new medications are now licensed to generic manufacturers in the developing world. As a result, it is possible for patients to bypass regulatory and cost barriers by importing medications directly from generic producers. Importation of the novel hepatitis C direct-acting antiviral therapy into Australia before it was registered in the country is an illustrative case study. This review will characterise generic medications and some of the legal and ethical issues around their utilisation, focusing on the relevant players, including pharma, government, patients and doctors.

Photovoltaic system criteria documents. Volume 3: Environmental issues and evaluation criteria for photovoltaic applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Koenig, John C.; Billitti, Joseph W.; Tallon, John M.

1979-01-01

The environmental issues and evaluation criteria relating to the suitability of sites proposed for photovoltaic (PV) system deployment are identified. The important issues are defined, briefly discussed and then developed into evaluation criteria. System designers are provided with information on the environmental sensitivity of PV systems in realistic applications, background material which indicates the applicability of the siting issues identified, and evaluation criteria are defined to facilitate the selection of sites that maximize PV system operation.

The Impact of the Internet on Students' Enhancement of Cultural Aspects in Design Projects: A Case Study on Interior Design Graduation Projects, University of Dammam, Saudi Arabia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eldardiry, Dalia H.; Elmoghazy, Zeinab A.

2018-01-01

The paper explores the impact of the internet on students and their enhancement of their Identity and culture in the world of globalization. It is based on two stages; a theoretical background in the literature that provides criteria for examining the issue of the study. Then, the analytical study is done to the collected data. The paper…

The capability of satellite borne remote sensors to measure stratospheric trace constituents. Volume 1: Background and requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keitz, E. L.

1978-01-01

Volume 1 of a three volume report issued as MITRE/METREX Technical Report is presented. This volume contains a synthesis of the results of two previous MITRE/METREX studies and an update of the information. These studies deal with a comprehensive review of stratospheric trace constituent measurement requirements. The scope of the study was restricted to those contituents which fall into the general category of air pollutants.

Navy Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-23

congressional defense committees a study on the use of thorium -liquid fueled nuclear reactors for Navy surface ships. The text of Section 246 is as follows...carry out a study on the use of thorium -liquid fueled nuclear reactors for naval power needs pursuant to section 1012, of the National Defense...force— (1) compare and contrast thorium -liquid fueled reactor concept to the 2005 Quick Look, 2006 Navy Alternative Propulsion Study, and the navy CG

Navy Nuclear-Powered Surface Ships: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-17

thorium -liquid fueled nuclear reactors for Navy surface ships. Section 1012 of the FY2010 defense authorization bill (S. 1390) as reported by the Senate...to the congressional defense committees a study on the use of thorium -liquid fueled nuclear reactors for Navy surface ships. The text of Section...STUDY ON THORIUM -LIQUID FUELED REACTORS FOR NAVAL FORCES. (a) Study Required- The Secretary of Defense and the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Resonant Soft X-ray Scattering studies with Transition Edge Sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Yizhi; Lee, Sangjun; de La Pena, Gilberto; Sun, Xiaolan; Rodolakis, Fanny; McChesney, Jessica; Fowler, Joe; Joe, Young Il; Doriese, William; Morgan, Kelsey; Swetz, Daniel; Ullom, Joel; Abbamonte, Peter

Resonant Soft X-ray has been one of the key techniques to study charge orders in high Tc cuperates. To solve the issue of unwanted enhancement of inelastic florescence background at resonance, we have developed an energy-resolving superconducting Transition-Edge Sensor microcalorimeters. These superconducting sensors obtain exquisite energy resolution by exploiting the superconducting-to-normal transition to photon energy and by operating at cryogenic temperatures ( 70 mK) where thermal noise is minimal. This TES has demonstrated 1.0 eV resolution below 1 keV. We present first results using this detector to study the (002) Bragg peak and specular elastic scattering from a single crystal of stripe-ordered La 2 - x Bax CuO4 (x=0.125). Use of this detector for studying excitations and rejecting background fluorescence will be discussed.

Great Trials in History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kratoville, Betty Lou

Designed as a supplementary resource for any classroom that incorporates global education, this workbook describes the issues and outcomes of 12 famous historical court cases. The court cases familiarize students with recurring controversial social issues. Each reading section begins with a brief outline of the time period and background of each…

Facilitating Dialogues about Racial Realities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quaye, Stephen John

2014-01-01

Background/Context: Facilitating dialogues about racial issues in higher education classroom settings continues to be a vexing problem facing postsecondary educators. In order for students to discuss race with their peers, they need skilled facilitators who are knowledgeable about racial issues and able to support students in these difficult…

Issue Papers To Consumer Protection in Postsecondary Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1974

This document is intended to present background information on the basic consumer protection issues in postsecondary education. Topics discussed are: (1) recruitment practices of postsecondary schools; (2) the role of a state agency in consumer protection; (3) consumer rights, responsibilities and redress of consumer protection; (4) advertising…

Algeria: Current Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-13

Policy , coordinated by John Rollins. President Bouteflika’s tenure has produced an energized foreign policy . Strains in ties with neighboring Morocco...Issues for U.S. Policy ............................................................................................................3 Background...Algeria, where oil and gas revenues provide resources for policies that some view as designed to buy off dissenters. The government also has taken

Accommodating the Spectrum of Individual Abilities. Clearinghouse Publication 81.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Commission on Civil Rights, Washington, DC.

The monograph addresses legal issues involving discrimination against handicapped persons and the key legal requirement of reasonable accommodation. Four chapters in Part I examine background issues, including definitions and statistical overviews of handicaps; historical attitudes toward handicapped persons and an analysis of the extent of…

Malaysian Serials: Issues and Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bahri, Che Norma

This paper analyzes the issues and problems while looking at the trends and developments of serials publishing in Malaysia. The first section provides background; topics addressed include the country and people of Malaysia, the history of serials publishing in Malaysia, categories and formats of serials publishing, academic publications,…

Private Pay Progression. Research Brief. Edition 6

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anders, Jake

2015-01-01

While the issue of access to the professions is relatively well understood, there is limited understanding of the impact of entrants' backgrounds on success once in graduate employment. The research looks at the way social background continues to influence graduate pay and career progression once in professional employment. Key findings include:…

Inclusion in Higher Education: Issues in University-School Partnership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armstrong, D.; Cairnduff, A.

2012-01-01

The significant under-representation of people from low socio-economic backgrounds in higher education in Australia has been placed squarely at the front of the Australian Federal Government's higher education agenda. The barriers for students from low socio-economic backgrounds to access higher education are broad and multi-causal. The…

Chronically Ill Children in America: Background and Recommendations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hobbs, Nicholas; And Others

The report examines chronic illness in children and considers issues and recommendations for change in public policies and programs affecting chronically ill children and their families. The background chapter notes the significance of the problem, reviews 11 diseases that are representative of the severe chronic illnesses of childhood: juvenile…

Increasing Reading Achievement of Students from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCollin, Michelle; O'Shea, Doris

2005-01-01

Legislative language, mandated by the newly reauthorized Individuals With Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA) of 2004 and the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) of 2001, underscores a number of issues relevant to students from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds displaying reading-achievement difficulties. In this article,…

Mexico: The Quest for a U.S. Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Peter H.

Illustrated with photographs, cartoons and charts, this essay provides background information on the Mexican political system and economy and discusses the main issues confronting the United States in its relations with Mexico. The essay was written to provide interested citizens with background information on important foreign policy questions.…

Issues in Curriculum and Instruction for Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogan, Kathleen; Hathcote, Andrea

2014-01-01

Teachers are being asked to educate a variety of students, including a growing number of students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds (Diaz-Rico, 2012. "A course for teaching English learners." Upper Saddle River, NY: Pearson). Because students from diverse backgrounds are the fastest growing population in…

44 CFR 150.1 - Background and purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL PUBLIC SAFETY AWARDS TO PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS § 150.1 Background and purpose. The regulations in this part are issued under the authority of the Federal Fire... functions of the Secretary of Commerce were transferred by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1978 to the...

Influence of background music on work attention in clients with chronic schizophrenia.

PubMed

Shih, Yi-Nuo; Chen, Chi-Sheng; Chiang, Hsin-Yu; Liu, Chien-Hsiou

2015-01-01

Work attention in persons with chronic schizophrenia is an important issue in vocational rehabilitation. Some of the research literature indicates that background music may influence visual attention performance. Based on the theory of occupational therapy, environmental sounds, colors and decorations may affect individual performance, this study thus examined the influence of music on work attention in persons with schizophrenia. Participants were recruited from a halfway house in Taipei. Forty-nine (49) patients with chronic schizophrenia volunteered. They had been accepted into vocational rehabilitation and a work-seeking program. The sample included 20 females and 29 males. The participant ages ranged between 29 and 63 years old, and their average age was 47 years old. Using a randomized controlled trial (RCT) study, the participants were assigned to one of three conditions: quiet environment as the control group (n= 16), classical light music as background music (n= 16), and popular music as background music (n= 17). For Group 1 (control group/quiet environment), there was no significant variance (sig = 0.172). For Group 2 (Classical light music), the intervention revealed significant variance (sig = 0.071*). For Group 3 (popular music), the intervention had significant variance (sig = 0.048**). The introduction of background music tended to increase attention test scores of persons with schizophrenia. Moreover, the increase in test attention scores was statistically significant when popular music was played in the background. This result suggested that background music may improve attention performance of persons with chronic schizophrenia. Future research is required with a larger sample size to support the study results.

Adapted Physical Activity Programme and Self-Perception in Obese Adolescents with Intellectual Disability: Between Morphological Awareness and Positive Illusory Bias

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salaun, Laureline; Reynes, Eric; Berthouze-Aranda, Sophie E.

2014-01-01

Background: In adolescents with intellectual disability, the management of obesity is a crucial issue, yet also quite complex because of their particular perception of themselves. This study investigated the relationship between self-perception variables and morphological variables and their changes after a 9-month Adapted Physical Activity (APA)…

Authentic Inquiry-Based Learning in Health and Physical Education: A Case Study of "R/Evolutionary" Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Justen; Jeanes, Ruth; Alfrey, Laura

2016-01-01

Background: Greater understandings about how progressive pedagogies are interpreted and practiced within schools will be required if international calls to enhance relevance and meaning in Health and Physical Education (HPE) are to be realised. Little is understood about how inquiry-based units of work connected to real-life issues are enacted,…

Bread and Dreams: A Case Study of Bilingual Schooling in the U.S.A. CARE Occasional Publications No. 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacDonald, Barry; And Others

The background, design, results, and implications of an investigation of bilingual education, based on programs in Boston, are examined. The goals of the investigation were to: (1) portray bilingual schooling in practice; (2) provide an educational critique of bilingual schooling; (3) analyze the issues; and (4) review bilingual research,…

The Social Skills Problems of Victims of Bullying: Self, Peer and Teacher Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Claire L.; Boulton, Michael J.

2005-01-01

Background: A small number of prior studies have found that victims of school bullying tend to exhibit poor social skills. Few of these have examined this issue from multiple perspectives, and there has been a focus on a restricted range of social skills. Aims: To determine the extent to which self, peers, and teachers regard victims as having…

Parent, Teacher, and School Factors Associated with Over-the-Counter Drug Use among Multiracial Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vidourek, Rebecca A.; King, Keith A.

2013-01-01

Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) drug use is an increasing health issue among adolescents. Purpose: This study investigated OTC drug use among 7th through 12th grade multiracial students in one metropolitan area. Methods: A total of 2134 students completed the PRIDE Questionnaire, which examines alcohol and other drug use. Results: A total of…

Development and Implementation of a Curriculum Infusion Plan for Alcohol Abuse Education in a College Population

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenney, Sarah; Grim, Melissa

2015-01-01

Background: College binge drinking continues to be a pervasive issue across campuses nationwide. Though curriculum infusion (CI) has been shown to be an effective strategy to reduce students' negative consequences related to alcohol, information about the process is limited. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the content and process…

Suicide Prevention among High School Students: Evaluation of a Nonrandomized Trial of a Multi-Stage Suicide Screening Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Torcasso, Gina; Hilt, Lori M.

2017-01-01

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death among youth. Suicide screening programs aim to identify mental health issues and prevent death by suicide. Objective: The present study evaluated outcomes of a multi-stage screening program implemented over 3 school years in a moderately-sized Midwestern high school. Methods: One hundred ninety-three…

Academic Calendar Task Force Report to the President.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College of DuPage, Glen Ellyn, IL.

This report presents the findings of a study done by a college-wide task force at the College of DuPage (Illinois) on academic calendar formats in an effort to determine whether to retain the quarter system or convert to another calendar. A brief introduction gives the background to the issue at DuPage. A section on procedures explains that the…

Genetic Influences on Early Word Recognition Abilities and Disabilities: A Study of 7-Year-Old Twins

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harlaar, Nicole; Spinath, Frank M.; Dale, Philip S.; Plomin, Robert

2005-01-01

Background: A fundamental issue for child psychology concerns the origins of individual differences in early reading development. Method: A measure of word recognition, the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (TOWRE), was administered by telephone to a representative population sample of 3,909 same-sex and opposite-sex pairs of 7-year-old twins.…

The Association between the Working Alliance with Adolescent Girls in Residential Care and Their Trauma-Related Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayotte, Marie-Hélène; Lanctôt, Nadine; Tourigny, Marc

2017-01-01

Background: Until now, the relations between the working alliance and trauma-related symptoms have received little or no study in residential-care settings. However, considering the high prevalence of past experiences of interpersonal trauma among young people in residential centers, it is essential to examine this issue more closely. Objective:…

Unraveling the Effect of Genes and Environment in the Transmission of Parental Antisocial Behavior to Children's Conduct Disturbance, Depression and Hyperactivity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silberg, Judy L.; Maes, Hermine; Eaves, Lindon J.

2012-01-01

Background: A critical issue in devising effective interventions for the treatment of children's behavioral and emotional problems identifying genuine family environmental factors that place children at risk. In most twin and family studies, environmental factors are confounded with both direct genetic risk from parents and the indirect effect of…

Nicaraguan Sign Language and Theory of Mind: The Issue of Critical Periods and Abilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Gary; Kegl, Judy

2006-01-01

Background: Previous studies in the literature report that deaf individuals who experience late access to language perform poorly on false belief tests of Theory of Mind (ToM) compared with age-matched deaf and hearing controls exposed to language early. Methods: A group of 22 deaf Nicaraguans (aged 7 to 39 years) who learned Nicaraguan Sign…

Navy Virginia (SSN-774) Class Attack Submarine Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-27

Submarine Source: U.S. Navy file photo accessed by CRS on January 11, 2011, at http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp? story_id=55715. Past and Projected...May 12, 2004, p. 1; Lolita C. Baldor, “Study Recommends Cutting Submarine Fleet,” NavyTimes.com, May 13, 2004. 51 U.S. Department of the Navy, An

Experiencing Rights within Positive, Person-Centred Support Networks of People with Intellectual Disability in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hillman, A.; Donelly, M.; Whitaker, L.; Dew, A.; Stancliffe, R. J.; Knox, M.; Shelley, K.; Parmenter, T. R.

2012-01-01

Background: This research describes issues related to human rights as they arose within the everyday lives of people in nine personal support networks that included adult Australians with an intellectual disability (ID). Method: The research was part of a wider 3-year ethnographic study of nine personal support networks. A major criterion for…

Living Conditions of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities from a Gender Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Umb-Carlsson, O.; Sonnander, K.

2006-01-01

Background: The role of gender has been a neglected issue in research on intellectual disability (ID). People with ID are generally treated as a homogenous group that are largely categorized by their level of ID. This study compared living conditions of women and men with ID and related the results to similarities and differences among the general…

The Nature and Extent of Lead Poisoning in Children in the United States: A Report to Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (DHHS/PHS), Atlanta, GA.

This national study on lead poisoning in children is organized in three parts. Part 1 provides an executive summary. Part 2 presents background information, an overview, findings, and conclusions. Part 3, which constitutes the bulk of the report, discusses terms, issues, and findings concerning lead metabolism, its relationship to lead exposure…

Navy Shipboard Lasers for Surface, Air, and Missile Defense: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-14

absorption and turbulence , suitable for use to evaluate notional maritime beam director subsystems, and shall include studies in adaptive optics for...is good enough in terms of atmospheric transmission to permit the laser to disable targets of interest at tactically useful ranges, and that...Countering Targets ........................................................ 7 Types of Lasers Being Developed for Potential Shipboard Use

Generalization of Tactics in Tag Rugby from Practice to Games in Middle School Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Myung-Ah; Ward, Phillip

2009-01-01

Background: Many of the issues relating to game performance of students found in the physical education literature can be considered a failure of generalization from practices to games, and from games to games. However, no study in secondary physical education has examined generalization effects as a result of effective game pedagogy in the…

Equity in Mathematics and Science Outcomes: Characteristics Associated with High and Low Achievement on PISA 2006 in Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilleece, Lorraine; Cosgrove, Jude; Sofroniou, Nick

2010-01-01

Equity in education is a key concern internationally; however, it is rare that this issue is examined separately for low- and high-achieving students and concurrently across different subject domains. This study examines student and school background characteristics associated with low and high achievement in mathematics and science on the…

The Aftermath of the Port Arthur Incident: The Response by Project Hahn to Adolescent Needs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Allan; Sveen, Robert L.; Denholm, Carey J.

This paper provides background information about the Project Hahn adventure-based program and its ongoing involvement with the Port Arthur Recovery Group to assist 42 adolescents directly affected by the murders of 36 people by a lone gunman in Tasmania in 1996. Case studies relate personal, social, and community issues faced by these adolescents,…

Implementation Differences of Two Staffing Models in the German Home Visiting Program "Pro Kind"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Tilman; Jungmann, Tanja

2012-01-01

As different competencies or professional backgrounds may affect the quality of program implementation, staffing is a critical issue in home visiting. In this study, N = 430 women received home visits delivered either by a tandem of a midwife and a social worker or by only one home visitor (primarily midwives, continuous model). The groups were…

Students with Mild Disabilities in Regular Classrooms: The Development and Utility of the Student Perceptions of Classroom Support Scale

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Rourke, John; Houghton, Stephen

2006-01-01

Background: There is a dearth of empirical research pertaining to the perceptions of students with mild disabilities of the academic and social outcomes of classroom support mechanisms. The absence of suitable measures is a primary issue contributing to this situation. Method: The present study reports the development and utility of the…

Chicano Educational Achievement: Comparing Escuela Tlatelolco, a Chicanocentric School, and a Public High School. Latino Communities: Emerging Voices--Political, Social, Cultural, and Legal Issues--A Garland Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKissack, Elena Aragon de

Building on the theorem that a positive self-identity is fundamental to completion of an education, a study was conducted to learn how schools with differing backgrounds affected the ethnic identity of students. Two schools in Denver (Colorado) were selected for this case study. "Broderick High School" is a large public school whose…

Brigadier General Marsena Patrick, Provost Marshal General for the Army of the Potomac

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-13

According to historian John K. Mahon, “Patrick, the resettlement officer, good laissez faire devotee that he was, felt sure that this issue would sap the... leadership experiences prior to his appointment as provost marshal general. It went on to study Patrick’s performance as provost marshal general...background, training, and leadership experiences prior to his appointment as provost marshal general. It goes on to study Patrick’s performance as

Radiological Health Protection Issues Associated with Use of Active Detection Technology Systems for Detection of Radioactive Threat Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-07-01

detection system available will simply register events resulting from natural background radiation if a suitable source emission is not employed. The...random fluctuations in the natural background radiation level. Noise within the detection system can result from any of the various components that...Uritani et al., 1994). Nothing can generally be done to reduce or stabilize the amount of natural background radiation present for nonstationary

Explaining student success in engineering education at Delft University of Technology: a literature synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van den Bogaard, M.

2012-03-01

Student success is among the most widely researched areas in tertiary education. Generalisability of research in this field is problematic due to cultural and structural differences between countries, institutions and programmes where the research is done. Engineering education in the Netherlands has not been studied in depth. In this paper, outcomes of studies done outside and inside engineering and outside and inside the Netherlands are discussed to help understand the complexity of student retention issues. Although generalisation is an issue, there are a number of concepts and variables that surface in many of these studies, including students' background and disposition variables, education attributes, variables concerning educational climate and student behaviour. How these variables are related and how a university can apply the outcomes of research in this field of study are discussed in this paper.

Mandated monitoring of post-project impacts in the Czech EIA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Branis, Martin; Christopoulos, Stamatios

2005-04-15

Altogether, 801 documents of consent (50% of all) issued under the EIA Act No. 244/1992 by the competent authorities in the Czech Republic between 1993 and 2001 were studied. The aim of the analysis was to find and characterize conditions prescribing to the developer to perform ex-ante and ex-post monitoring of potential impacts of projects submitted for approval. It was found that each of the studied documents (standpoints) contained on average three to four conditions prescribing to collect data on various environmental factors during the preparation, implementation and/or operation phase of the development in question. The number of monitoring conditionsmore » contained in the standpoints issued by the Ministry of Environment as well as by the District Offices increased during the period studied from about two to five per project indicating a growing interest in and/or need to obtaining such data. Even though there is a good legal background for collecting monitoring data from implementation and operation phase of new developments, the Czech EIA Act (similarly as EIA acts in other countries) does not provide any practical background for this activity. Without relevant institutional, personal and financial support the possibility to impose post-project monitoring to the developer remains rather a challenge to, not advantage of the Czech EIA Act.« less

Multivariate normative comparisons using an aggregated database

PubMed Central

Murre, Jaap M. J.; Huizenga, Hilde M.

2017-01-01

In multivariate normative comparisons, a patient’s profile of test scores is compared to those in a normative sample. Recently, it has been shown that these multivariate normative comparisons enhance the sensitivity of neuropsychological assessment. However, multivariate normative comparisons require multivariate normative data, which are often unavailable. In this paper, we show how a multivariate normative database can be constructed by combining healthy control group data from published neuropsychological studies. We show that three issues should be addressed to construct a multivariate normative database. First, the database may have a multilevel structure, with participants nested within studies. Second, not all tests are administered in every study, so many data may be missing. Third, a patient should be compared to controls of similar age, gender and educational background rather than to the entire normative sample. To address these issues, we propose a multilevel approach for multivariate normative comparisons that accounts for missing data and includes covariates for age, gender and educational background. Simulations show that this approach controls the number of false positives and has high sensitivity to detect genuine deviations from the norm. An empirical example is provided. Implications for other domains than neuropsychology are also discussed. To facilitate broader adoption of these methods, we provide code implementing the entire analysis in the open source software package R. PMID:28267796

Simulating Issue Networks in Small Classes using the World Wide Web.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Josefson, Jim; Casey, Kelly

2000-01-01

Provides background information on simulations and active learning. Discusses the use of simulations in political science courses. Describes a simulation exercise where students performed specific institutional role playing, simulating the workings of a single congressional issue network, based on the reauthorization of the Endangered Species Act.…

Legal Issues for Postsecondary Education. Briefing Papers 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blumer, Dennis H., Ed.

This publication is intended to outline basic legal issues in key areas confronting the postsecondary education community, and to provide background information of which every college administrator should be aware. Chapter 1, Some General Thoughts on Postsecondary Education and the Law, discusses the increased activity of courts in campus matters…

77 FR 2708 - Performance of Registration Functions by National Futures Association With Respect To Swap...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-19

... standards established by the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and the Commission's regulations issued thereunder...: January 19, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara S. Gold, Associate Director, Christopher W... Background In a separate document published elsewhere in today's Federal Register, the Commission is issuing...

Navy LX(R) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-27

and LHA-8 to NASSCO, Ingalls,” USNI News, July 10, 2015; Valerie Insinna, “Navy Quietly Issues RFP for LHA-8, TAO(X),” (continued...) Navy LX(R...to two bidders—Huntington Ingalls Industries’ Ingalls Shipbuilding (HII/Ingalls) and General Dynamics’ National Steel and Shipbuilding Company—on

Comparing Mental Health Issues among Undergraduate and Graduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wyatt, Tammy; Oswalt, Sara B.

2013-01-01

Background: Stress and other mental health issues can negatively impact the health and academic performance of college students. Purpose: Examine relationships among stress, mental health, and academic classification in a national sample of college students. Methods: Analyses utilized secondary data from 27 387 college students responding to the…

Teaching Controversial Environmental Issues: Neutrality and Balance in the Reality of the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cotton, Deborah R. E.

2006-01-01

Background: Environmental issues are frequently controversial and involve conflicting interests and values. Much environmental education literature explicitly encourages teachers to promote pro-environmental attitudes and behaviours amongst their students, despite evidence that teacher support for such a policy is ambiguous at best. The literature…

Using Climate Change Scenarios to Assess High School Students' Argumentation Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dawson, Vaille; Carson, Katherine

2017-01-01

Background: Many international science curriculum documents mandate that students should be able to participate in argument, debate and decision-making about contemporary science issues affecting society. Termed socioscientific issues, these topics provide students with opportunities to use their scientific knowledge to discuss, debate and defend…

Great Decisions '86.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

Designed to initiate discussion of foreign policy decisions, this book contains an analysis of eight foreign policy issues confronting the United States in 1986. Each unit provides the background and guidelines to provide perspective to assist in understanding foreign policy crises. The units included in this issue are: (1) "How Foreign Policy Is…

Florida's Information Policy: Problems and Issues in the Information Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Legislature, Tallahassee.

This report examines the major issues arising from the impact of information technology on the creation of government information and its storage, processing, and recordkeeping, based on information gathered through a literature search, several mailed questionnaires, and three public hearings. An outline of the background of the information policy…

Navy Ford (CVN-78) Class Aircraft Carrier Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-17

AP funding for the ship. Oversight issues for Congress for the CVN-78 program include the following:  the potential impact on the CVN-78 program...Potential Impact of Continuing Resolution (CR) for FY2016 .................................................. 7 Overview...7 Impact on CVN-78 Program

PREFACE SPECIAL ISSUE ON MODEL EVALUATION: EVALUATION OF URBAN AND REGIONAL EULERIAN AIR QUALITY MODELS

EPA Science Inventory

The "Preface to the Special Edition on Model Evaluation: Evaluation of Urban and Regional Eulerian Air Quality Models" is a brief introduction to the papers included in a special issue of Atmospheric Environment. The Preface provides a background for the papers, which have thei...

Internet Safety Issues for Adolescents and Adults with Intellectual Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buijs, Petra C. M.; Boot, Erik; Shugar, Andrea; Fung, Wai Lun Alan; Bassett, Anne S.

2017-01-01

Background: Research on Internet safety for adolescents has identified several important issues including unwanted exposure to sexual material and sexual solicitation. Methods: Although individuals with intellectual disabilities often have poor insight and judgment, and may therefore be at risk for Internet dangers, there is surprisingly little…

Great Decisions [and] Great Decisions Activity Book. 1994 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoepli, Nancy L., Ed.

This book discusses foreign policy issues and provides background information on current topics. This edition examines the following major issues: (1) "Conflict in Former Yugoslavia: Quest for Solutions" (Susan L. Woodward); (2) "South Africa: Forging a Democratic Union" (Jean Herskovits); (3) "Environmental Crisis in Former Soviet Bloc: Whose…

Identifying Sources of Bias in the WISC-R.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vance, Booney; Sabatino, David

1991-01-01

The issues of construct validity, predictive validity, and item content bias on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised (WISC-R) are examined. The review concludes that most objective data have not supported the issue of bias of the WISC-R when used with children of different ethnic backgrounds. (JDD)

Resource Cycles: A Curriculum for Middle and High School Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

San Francisco Recycling Program, CA.

Learning about issues such as natural resources, solid waste management, waste reduction, and the economics of recycling can encourage people to make better choices for the future. This curriculum provides teachers and students with background information and activities relating to four major ecological issues: natural resources, waste management,…

Helicopter simulator qualification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hampson, Brian

1992-01-01

CAE has extensive experience in building helicopter simulators and has participated in group working sessions for fixed-wing advisory circulars. Against this background, issues that should be addressed in establishing helicopter approval criteria were highlighted. Some of these issues are not immediately obvious and may, indeed, be more important than the criteria a themselves.

Introductory animal science-based instruction influences attitudes on animal agriculture issues.

PubMed

Bobeck, E A; Combs, D K; Cook, M E

2014-02-01

The demographics of incoming university animal science majors have shifted from students with a farm background to urban students with no history of direct livestock contact. Research completed before the Internet was a central source of information indicated that incoming urban students tend to express no opinion or a neutral opinion regarding livestock agriculture issues. Due to the changing background of incoming students enrolled in introductory university-level animal science classes, we sought to determine 1) if livestock background (self-identified as raised in a farm or urban setting), sex, or animal science career interest influenced the opinions of incoming students regarding critical issues involving livestock farming practices and 2) if 15 wk of introductory animal science instruction changed student opinions. A total of 224 students were given 2 identical anonymous surveys (start and end of 15 wk) with 5 demographic questions and 9 animal issue statements. For each statement, students marked their opinion by placing a vertical line on a continuous 130 mm horizontal line, where a vertical line placed at 0 mm = strongly agree and 130 mm = strongly disagree. Data were analyzed by ANOVA to determine any significant effects of instruction, background, sex, and future career preference on survey responses. Before instruction, urban students were less agreeable than farm students that animal farming was moral and humane and that farmers are concerned about animal welfare and livestock are of value to society (P ≤ 0.05). Urban students were more likely than farm students to purchase organic foods or food based on environmental/welfare standards (P ≤ 0.05). Introductory animal science instruction resulted in students becoming more agreeable that animal farming was humane, farmers are concerned about animal welfare, and animal agriculture is a value to society (P ≤ 0.05). Postinstruction, students were more likely to buy food products based on price (P ≤ 0.05). Males found farm practices more humane than females (P ≤ 0.05), but sex differences were not evident for other questions. Future professional career plans did not affect student opinions. Data showed that incoming urban students tend to be more neutral with regards to animal farming issues, and introductory animal science instruction fosters a more agreeable attitude towards animal farming practices, especially in students with urban backgrounds.

When Fairness Clashes with Personal Autonomy and Parental Authority: A Comparison of Daughters' and Mothers' Reasoning in Two Cultural Contexts in Turkey.

PubMed

Acar, Melike

2017-01-01

The author examined religious and secular daughters' and mothers' reasoning about personal autonomy, maternal authority, and moral concepts in family decision-making situations in urban Turkey. Sixty-eight daughters and 34 mothers were individually interviewed about decision-making autonomy in general issues and hypothetical daughter-mother conflicts. Results indicated participants regardless of their family status and religious background assigned more decision-making autonomy to mothers when evaluating general issues. Analysis of controversial issues as hypothetical conflicts indicated that daughters and mothers do not hold unitary social judgments about the social world that were always consistent with the norms of their community and family status. There were some religious background differences in evaluations of some conflict stories as a function of whether they evaluated the choices as moral, conventional, personal, and prudential matters. Although secular and religious participants conceptualized daughters and mothers in relational terms rather than characterizing the relations and social issues by harmony, obedience to authority, and acceptance of norms findings suggested that secular women evaluated the hypothetical adolescent-mother conflicts more consistently when the issue entails violation of a moral principle such as justice, fairness, and well-being of the other.

Superluminality in dilatationally invariant generalized Galileon theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolevatov, R. S.

2015-12-01

We consider small perturbations about homogeneous backgrounds in dilatationally invariant Galileon models. The issues we address are stability (absence of ghosts and gradient instabilities) and superluminality. We show that in the Minkowski background, it is possible to construct the Lagrangian in such a way that any homogeneous Galileon background solution is stable and small perturbations about it are subluminal. On the other hand, in the case of Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) backgrounds, for any Lagrangian functions there exist homogeneous background solutions to the Galileon equation of motion and time dependence of the scale factor, such that the stability conditions are satisfied, but the Galileon perturbations propagate with superluminal speed.

Modulated Raman Spectroscopy for Enhanced Cancer Diagnosis at the Cellular Level

PubMed Central

De Luca, Anna Chiara; Dholakia, Kishan; Mazilu, Michael

2015-01-01

Raman spectroscopy is emerging as a promising and novel biophotonics tool for non-invasive, real-time diagnosis of tissue and cell abnormalities. However, the presence of a strong fluorescence background is a key issue that can detract from the use of Raman spectroscopy in routine clinical care. The review summarizes the state-of-the-art methods to remove the fluorescence background and explores recent achievements to address this issue obtained with modulated Raman spectroscopy. This innovative approach can be used to extract the Raman spectral component from the fluorescence background and improve the quality of the Raman signal. We describe the potential of modulated Raman spectroscopy as a rapid, inexpensive and accurate clinical tool to detect the presence of bladder cancer cells. Finally, in a broader context, we show how this approach can greatly enhance the sensitivity of integrated Raman spectroscopy and microfluidic systems, opening new prospects for portable higher throughput Raman cell sorting. PMID:26110401

A systematic review of ethical issues in vaccine studies involving pregnant women

PubMed Central

Beeler, Jennifer A.; Lambach, Philipp; Fulton, T. Roice; Narayanan, Divya; Ortiz, Justin R.; Omer, Saad B.

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: Immunization during pregnancy can provide protection for mother and child. However, there have been only a limited number of studies documenting the efficacy and safety of this strategy. Aims: To determine the extent and nature of subject matter related to ethics in maternal immunization by systematically documenting the spectrum of ethical issues in vaccine studies involving pregnant women. Method: We conducted a systematic literature review of published works pertaining to vaccine and therapeutic studies involving pregnant women through searches of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. We selected literature meeting the inclusion criteria published between 1988 and June 2014. We systematically abstracted subject matter pertaining to ethical issues in immunization studies during pregnancy. Immunization-specific ethical issues were matched and grouped into major categories and subcategories. Results: Seventy-seven published articles met the inclusion criteria. Published articles reported findings on data that had been collected in 26 countries, the majority of which were classified as high-income or upper-middle-income nations according to World Bank criteria. Review of these publications produced 60 immunization-specific ethical issues, grouped into six major categories. Notably, many studies demonstrated limited acknowledgment of key ethical issues including the rights and welfare of participants. Additionally, there was no discussion pertaining to the ethics of program implementation, including integration of maternal immunization programs into existing routine immunization programs. Conclusion: This review of ethical issues in immunization studies of pregnant women can be used to help inform future vaccine trials in this important population. Consistent documentation of these ethical issues by investigators will facilitate a broader and more nuanced discussion of ethics in immunization of pregnant women – offering new and valuable insights for programs developed to prevent disease in newborn children in low- and middle-income countries. PMID:27246403

Five C Framework: A Student-Centered Approach for Teaching Programming Courses to Students with Diverse Disciplinary Background

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tom, Mary

2015-01-01

The already existing complexities of teaching and learning computer programming are increased where students are diverse in their disciplinary backgrounds, language skills, and culture. Learners experience emotional issues of anxiety, fear or boredom. Identifying opportunities for improvement and applying theoretical and empirical evidence found…

Teaching Computer Languages and Elementary Theory for Mixed Audiences at University Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christiansen, Henning

2004-01-01

Theoretical issues of computer science are traditionally taught in a way that presupposes a solid mathematical background and are usually considered more or less inaccessible for students without this. An effective methodology is described which has been developed for a target group of university students with different backgrounds such as natural…

44 CFR 150.1 - Background and purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL PUBLIC SAFETY AWARDS TO PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS § 150.1 Background and purpose. The regulations in this part are issued under the authority of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 (the Act), 15 U.S.C. 2201 et seq. The Act establishes two classes of...

44 CFR 150.1 - Background and purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... HOMELAND SECURITY FIRE PREVENTION AND CONTROL PUBLIC SAFETY AWARDS TO PUBLIC SAFETY OFFICERS § 150.1 Background and purpose. The regulations in this part are issued under the authority of the Federal Fire Prevention and Control Act of 1974 (the Act), 15 U.S.C. 2201 et seq. The Act establishes two classes of...

Going to University: Pacific Island Migrant Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cuthill, Michael; Scull, Sue

2011-01-01

Despite extensive and on-going efforts, people from a low socio-economic background continue to be significantly under-represented in Australian higher education. In response to this situation, a two year action research project explored the broad issue of higher education access for young people from low socio-economic backgrounds in South East…

Developing effective serious games: the effect of background sound on visual fidelity perception with varying texture resolution.

PubMed

Rojas, David; Kapralos, Bill; Cristancho, Sayra; Collins, Karen; Hogue, Andrew; Conati, Cristina; Dubrowski, Adam

2012-01-01

Despite the benefits associated with virtual learning environments and serious games, there are open, fundamental issues regarding simulation fidelity and multi-modal cue interaction and their effect on immersion, transfer of knowledge, and retention. Here we describe the results of a study that examined the effect of ambient (background) sound on the perception of visual fidelity (defined with respect to texture resolution). Results suggest that the perception of visual fidelity is dependent on ambient sound and more specifically, white noise can have detrimental effects on our perception of high quality visuals. The results of this study will guide future studies that will ultimately aid in developing an understanding of the role that fidelity, and multi-modal interactions play with respect to knowledge transfer and retention for users of virtual simulations and serious games.

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) issues in dental school environments: dental student leaders' perceptions.

PubMed

Anderson, Joan I; Patterson, April N; Temple, Henry J; Inglehart, Marita Rohr

2009-01-01

The objectives of the study reported in this article were to assess dental student leaders' perceptions of educational efforts concerning lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) topics and the cultural climate concerning LGBT issues in dental schools in the United States and Canada. In addition, the perceptions of student leaders who self-identified as belonging to the LGBT community and of students with a heterosexual orientation were compared. Data were collected from 113 dental student leaders from twenty-seven dental schools in the United States and three in Canada. Fifty student leaders were females, and sixty-two were males. Only 13.3 percent of the respondents agreed that their dental education prepared them well to treat patients from LGBT backgrounds. The more the student leaders believed that their university has an honest interest in diversity, the better they felt prepared by their dental school program to treat patients from LGBT backgrounds (r=.327; p<.001). The better they felt prepared, the more they perceived the clinic environment as sensitive and affirming for patients with different sexual orientations (r=.464; p<.001). The more they reported that dental schools' administrations create a positive environment for students with LGBT orientations, the more they agreed that persons can feel comfortable regardless of their sexual orientation (r=.585; p<.001). In conclusion, the findings indicate that dental school administrators play an important role in ensuring that future care providers are well prepared to treat patients from LGBT backgrounds and that staff, faculty, students, and patients from these backgrounds are not discriminated against.

Diversity in action: exchange of perspectives and reflections on taxonomies of individual differences.

PubMed

Uher, Jana; Trofimova, Irina; Sulis, William; Netter, Petra; Pessoa, Luiz; Posner, Michael I; Rothbart, Mary K; Rusalov, Vladimir; Peterson, Isaac T; Schmidt, Louis A

2018-04-19

Throughout the last 2500 years, the classification of individual differences in healthy people and their extreme expressions in mental disorders has remained one of the most difficult challenges in science that affects our ability to explore individuals' functioning, underlying psychobiological processes and pathways of development. To facilitate analyses of the principles required for studying individual differences, this theme issue brought together prominent scholars from diverse backgrounds of which many bring unique combinations of cross-disciplinary experiences and perspectives that help establish connections and promote exchange across disciplines. This final paper presents brief commentaries of some of our authors and further scholars exchanging perspectives and reflecting on the contributions of this theme issue.This article is part of the theme issue 'Diverse perspectives on diversity: multi-disciplinary approaches to taxonomies of individual differences'. © 2018 The Author(s).

Clinical Ethics in Gabon: The Spectrum of Clinical Ethical Issues Based on Findings from In-Depth Interviews at Three Public Hospitals.

PubMed

Sippel, Daniel; Marckmann, Georg; Ndzie Atangana, Etienne; Strech, Daniel

2015-01-01

Unlike issues in biomedical research ethics, ethical challenges arising in daily clinical care in Sub-Saharan African countries have not yet been studied in a systematic manner. However this has to be seen as a distinct entity as we argue in this paper. Our aim was to give an overview of the spectrum of clinical ethical issues and to understand what influences clinical ethics in the Sub-Saharan country of Gabon. In-depth interviews with 18 health care professionals were conducted at three hospital sites in Gabon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach (open and axial coding), giving a qualitative spectrum of categories for clinical ethical issues. Validity was checked at a meeting with study participants and other health care experts in Gabon after analysis of the data. Twelve main categories (with 28 further-specified subcategories) for clinical ethical issues were identified and grouped under three core categories: A) micro level: "confidentiality and information", "interpersonal, relational and behavioral issues", "psychological strain of individuals", and "scarce resources"; B) meso level: "structural issues of medical institutions", "issues with private clinics", "challenges connected to the family", and "issues of education, training and competence"; and C) macro level: "influence of society, culture, religion and superstition", "applicability of western medicine", "structural issues on the political level", and "legal issues". Interviewees reported a broad spectrum of clinical ethical issues that go beyond challenges related to scarce financial and human resources. Specific socio-cultural, historical and educational backgrounds also played an important role. In fact these influences are central to an understanding of clinical ethics in the studied local context. Further research in the region is necessary to put our study into perspective. As many participants reported a lack of awareness of ethical issues amongst other health care professionals in daily clinical practice, we suggest that international organizations and national medical schools should consider infrastructure and tools to improve context-sensitive capacity building in clinical ethics for Sub-Saharan African countries like Gabon.

Navy John Lewis (TAO-205) Class Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-08

to two bidders—Ingalls Shipbuilding of Huntington Ingalls Industries (HII/Ingalls) and National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of General Dynamics...4 Valerie Insinna, “Navy to Name Next Generation Oilers for Civil Rights Icons,” Defense Daily, January...programs. Contracts for Trade Studies On July 3, 2013, the Navy awarded three shipbuilding firms—General Dynamics’ National Steel and Shipbuilding

21st Century Skills and Competences for New Millennium Learners in OECD Countries. OECD Education Working Papers, No. 41

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ananiadou, Katerina; Claro, Magdalean

2009-01-01

This paper discusses issues related to the teaching and assessment of 21st century skills and competencies in OECD countries drawing on the findings of a questionnaire study and other relevant background material such as white papers or curriculum documents. Although all OECD countries were invited to participate in the questionnaire survey,…

A Review of Terminological, Conceptual, and Methodological Issues in the Developmental Risk Factor Literature for Antisocial and Delinquent Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Day, David M.; Wanklyn, Sonya G.; Yessine, Annie K.

2014-01-01

Background: The study of risk factors for antisocial and delinquent behavior has flourished in the past 20 years, as great strides have been made in understanding the developmental pathways that give rise to the onset, course, and desistance of the behavior. However, as a body of literature, risk factor research (RFR) is characterized by…

End-of-Life Care and Dying: Issues Raised by Staff Supporting Older People with Intellectual Disability in Community Living Services

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiese, Michele; Stancliffe, Roger J.; Balandin, Susan; Howarth, Glennys; Dew, Angela

2012-01-01

Background: The aim of this study was to explore the current status of end-of-life care and dying of people with intellectual disability based on the experiences of staff in community living services. Materials and Methods: Focus groups and individual interviews were conducted, guided by grounded theory methodology. Results: The current status of…

Increasing Students' Perceptions of Being Valued through the Study of Multicultural Literature and Analysis of Diversity Related Issues in a Regular Level Sophomore English Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goughnour, Martha Jean

2013-01-01

The action research project report was created to remedy a lack of multicultural literature within the regular level sophomore English class and to assist regular level sophomore students' connection to their reading. The teacher-researcher also examined her students' own ethnic backgrounds, cultures, religions, economic status, gender, and/or…

Age, Cumulative Trauma and Stressful Life Events, and Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Older Adults in Prison: Do Subjective Impressions Matter?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maschi, Tina; Morgen, Keith; Zgoba, Kristen; Courtney, Deborah; Ristow, Jennifer

2011-01-01

Background: The aging prison population in the United States presents a significant public health challenge with high rates of trauma and mental health issues that the correctional system alone is ill-prepared to address. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of age, objective, and subjective measures of trauma and stressful…

Locus of Control, Interest in Schooling and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Academic Achievement among Junior Secondary School Students in Osun State, Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tella, Adeyinka; Tella, Adedeji; Adeniyi, Sam Olufemi

2011-01-01

Background: Academic achievement is interestingly an important issue; a fundamental premium upon which all teaching-learning activities are measured using some criteria of excellence e.g. good academic performance, poor academic performance and academic failure. Aims: This study examines locus of control, interest in schooling and self-efficacy as…

ACASI and Face-to-Face Interviews Yield Inconsistent Estimates of Domestic Violence among Women in India: The Samata Health Study 2005-2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rathod, Sujit D.; Minnis, Alexandra M.; Subbiah, Kalyani; Krishnan, Suneeta

2011-01-01

Background: Audio computer-assisted self-interviews (ACASI) are increasingly used in health research to improve the accuracy of data on sensitive behaviors. However, evidence is limited on its use among low-income populations in countries like India and for measurement of sensitive issues such as domestic violence. Method: We compared reports of…

Exploring the Cognitive Features in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Their Co-Twins, and Typically Developing Children within a Population-Based Sample

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunsdon, Victoria E. A.; Colvert, Emma; Ames, Catherine; Garnett, Tracy; Gillan, Nicola; Hallett, Victoria; Lietz, Stephanie; Woodhouse, Emma; Bolton, Patrick; Happé, Francesca

2015-01-01

Background: The behavioural symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are thought to reflect underlying cognitive deficits/differences. The findings in the literature are somewhat mixed regarding the cognitive features of ASD. This study attempted to address this issue by investigating a range of cognitive deficits and the prevalence of multiple…

The Effect of the New Copyright Law on the Interlibrary Loan Activity Involving Periodicals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steuben, John

Since 1954 when Congress authorized the Copyright Office to prepare a series of studies to serve as background for revision hearings, copyright has been one of the major issues in librarianship. Although the impact that the New Copyright Law will have on interlibrary loan activity is yet to be determined, there is a need to know whether present…

Setting by Ability--Or Is It? A Quantitative Study of Determinants of Set Placement in English Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muijs, Daniel; Dunne, Mairead

2010-01-01

Background: Grouping students into classes by ability on a subject-by-subject basis, also known as setting, is a common practice in many educational systems. An important issue is therefore the way in which setting decisions are made. While educators and policy-makers favouring setting claim that ability or achievement is the sole criterion used,…

Low Pressure Nuclear Thermal Rocket (LPNTR) concept

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ramsthaler, J. H.

1991-01-01

A background and a description of the low pressure nuclear thermal system are presented. Performance, mission analysis, development, critical issues, and some conclusions are discussed. The following subject areas are covered: LPNTR's inherent advantages in critical NTR requirement; reactor trade studies; reference LPNTR; internal configuration and flow of preliminary LPNTR; particle bed fuel assembly; preliminary LPNTR neutronic study results; multiple LPNTR engine concept; tank and engine configuration for mission analysis; LPNTR reliability potential; LPNTR development program; and LPNTR program costs.

International Nursing: How Much Power Do Nurse Managers Have?

PubMed

Trus, Marija; Martinkenas, Arvydas; Suominen, Tarja

This study was conducted to explore issues of nurse managers' power and empowerment. Data were collected from nurse managers by way of a questionnaire consisting of background factors, work-related questions, and power-related questions at the unit and organization levels. The degree of empowerment was evaluated using 2 established instruments (CWEQ-II and Work Empowerment Questionnaire). The overall level of managers' personal power within their own units was relatively high. Nurse managers' perception of their power at an organizational level was found to be at a moderate level. Several factors related to an individual's professional background were correlated to power issues, both at the unit and organizational levels. Structural and psychological empowerment correlated with the overall level of power at a unit level and the overall level of power at an organizational level. Nurse managers self-reported their own general power at a unit level as high, which offers them possibilities to lead the development of nursing care in their units. Organizations may benefit more from nurse managers' leadership by more fully integrating them in the development processes of the entire organization.

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Children as a Result of Violence: A Review of Current Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karcher, Christopher Robb

This review of research on post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in children resulting from human violence focuses on methodological issues, types of violence, treatment issues, and directions for future research. Literature reviewed is predominantly that published since 1986. An introduction offers background information and examines the…

Home on the range: might the cattle peacefully graze?

Treesearch

Sally Duncan

1999-01-01

Grazing and how it impacts the landscape is a concern for public and private land managers. This issue of "Science Findings" examines the issue of cattle and grazing and provides some background, perspective, and research results on various grazing systems. Researchers Jim McIver, of the Forest Service's Blue Mountains Natural Resources Institute, and...

26 CFR 301.6110-1 - Public inspection of written determinations and background file documents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... The text of any written determination issued pursuant to a request postmarked or hand delivered before...(g)) relating to a particular written determination issued pursuant to a request postmarked or hand... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Public inspection of written determinations and...

Proposals Relating to Increasing Housing Opportunities for Homeless Persons. Discussion Paper 91-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Laura; Matthias, Mary

This paper provides a basis for discussion of housing proposals relating to increasing housing opportunities for homeless persons in Wisconsin. Six major topics relating to housing for homeless and potentially homeless persons are presented. Issues are listed under each topic. For each issue, background information is provided and alternatives for…

AB 1725, IV: Part-Time Faculty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Community Colleges, Sacramento. Board of Governors.

An overview is provided of issues related to the use of part-time faculty in community colleges in California and elsewhere in the nation. First, background information is provided on the major relevant issues. This section: (1) lists the teaching functions which are best carried out by full-time instructors as argued by those who favor employing…

Addressing Issues of Religious Difference through Values Education: An Islam Instance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lovat, Terence; Clement, Neville; Dally, Kerry; Toomey, Ron

2010-01-01

The article's main focus is on exploring ways in which modern forms of values education are being utilized to address major issues of social dissonance, with special focus on dissonance related to religious difference between students of Islamic and non-Islamic backgrounds. The article begins by appraising philosophical and neuroscientific…

Opt-Outs: What Is Lost When Students Do Not Test. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Croft, Michelle

2015-01-01

Scores on annual statewide achievement tests can provide parents, students, educators, and policymakers with valuable information--but only if students participate. This issue brief provides the background about recent increases in (and efforts to expand) the number of students opting out of statewide assessments, describes the information and…

Perspectives on High School Reform. NCREL Viewpoints, Volume 13

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Learning Point Associates / North Central Regional Educational Laboratory (NCREL), 2005

2005-01-01

Viewpoints is a multimedia package containing two audio CDs and a brief, informative booklet. This volume of Viewpoints focuses on issues related to high school reform. This booklet offers background information explaining the issues surrounding high school reform with perspectives from research, policy, and practice. It also provides a list of…

University Interdisciplinary Research Organizations in the Process of Collaborative Innovation: Advantages, Difficulties and Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bi Ying; Yang, Liansheng

2015-01-01

Under the background of collaborative innovation, interdisciplinary research organizations due to its structural advantages should actively target frontier science and the great needs of national development, key research and strategic issues of solving the country's need, prospective issues in the frontier of science and technology and major…

Policy Issues for Australia's Education Systems: Evidence from International and Australian Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marks, Gary; McMillan, Julie; Ainley, John

2004-01-01

Our purpose here is to discuss education policy issues in the context of empirical evidence. We note that many commonly held beliefs about Australian education such as, the relative performance and participation levels of Australian students; the importance of socioeconomic background on educational outcomes both relative to other countries and…

Crossing the Line: When Pedagogical Relationships Go Awry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Tara Star

2010-01-01

Background/Context: Very little empirical research has been conducted on the issue of educator sexual misconduct (ESM) in secondary settings. The few reports available typically treat a larger social issue, such as sexual harassment or child abuse; therefore, data on ESM specifically must be extrapolated. When such data are obtained, the focus has…

Value-Added Model (VAM) Research for Educational Policy: Framing the Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amrein-Beardsley, Audrey; Collins, Clarin; Polasky, Sarah A.; Sloat, Edward F.

2013-01-01

In this manuscript, the guest editors of the EPAA Special Issue on "Value-Added Model (VAM) Research for Educational Policy" (1) introduce the background and policy context surrounding the increased use of VAMs for teacher evaluation and accountability purposes across the United States; (2) summarize the five research papers and one…

The Future of the National Technical Information Service: Issues and Options.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClure, Charles R.

In recent years there has been considerable debate about the appropriate role, management structure, and activities for the National Technical Information Service (NTIS). This background paper identifies key issues that require attention by Congress and by NTIS itself to increase the effectiveness of NTIS in the collection and dissemination of…

Helping Low-Income Mothers with Criminal Records Achieve Self-Sufficiency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Rebecca

2000-01-01

This issue of WIN (Welfare Information Network) Issue Notes focuses on helping low-income mothers with criminal records achieve self-sufficiency. Section 1 offers background. Section 2 answers these policy questions: why states might want to focus on serving low-income mothers with criminal records; how states can encourage employers to hire…

The ecology of forest insect invasions and advances in their management

Treesearch

Eckehard G. Brockerhoff; Andrew M. Liebhold; Herv& #233; Jactel

2006-01-01

Invasions by nonindigenous forest insects can have spectacular effects on the biodiversity, ecology, and economy of affected areas. This introduction explores several critical issues that are generally relevant to invasions by forest insects to provide an extended background for this special issue of the Canadian Journal of Forest Research and...

Life or Death of Severely Disabled Infants: A Counseling Issue.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Head, David W.; And Others

1985-01-01

Presents dimensions that serve as a background for counselors to assist families in considering options related to disabled infants. Dimensions include the meaning of life, cost to benefit ratio, medical options, legal precedent, and a theological perspective. This issue is related to counseling practice through counselor ethics and values.…

Education for the Handicapped: What Is the Appropriate Federal Role?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IFG Policy Notes, 1981

1981-01-01

This series of short articles discusses two separate educational policy issues: the federal role in education for the handicapped and tuition tax credits. Concerning the first issue, the document discusses the background of P.L. 94-142 and its first 5 years, concluding that, although accomplishments are impressive, there are still difficulties in…

Women's Action Almanac: A Complete Resource Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williamson, Jane, Ed.; And Others

Designed to provide answers to questions on women's issues and programs, the guide is arranged into two parts. Part 1, which comprises about three-fourths of the guide, contains background information and answers to often asked questions on 84 issues, such as abortion, affirmative action, battered women, divorce, incest, and insurance. Each entry…

Comorbid Depression and Anxiety in Childhood and Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa: Prevalence and Implications for Outcome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Elizabeth K.

2012-01-01

Background: Comorbid conditions are common in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and can raise issues for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. Methods: First, reported prevalence rates for depression and anxiety in children and adolescents with AN were reviewed. Diagnostic issues and current understanding of the temporal onset and…

Crises as Catalysts for Change: Re-Energising Teacher Education in Northern Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moran, Anne

2012-01-01

Background: Teacher education has been the subject of a seven-year review culminating with the issuing of a consultation document "Teacher education in a climate of change: The way forward" (Department for Employment and Learning and Department for Education 2010). Issues of rationalisation, demographic trends, the over-provision of…

Current Economic Issues in Employee Benefits. Background Paper No. 39.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodbury, Stephen A.

A multitude of public policy issues currently surround the tax treatment of employee benefits, particularly since the tax-favored status of employer contributions to pensions and health insurance has been blamed for a shrinking tax base that has exacerbated the federal budget deficit, an inefficient and bloated health-care sector, overinsurance by…

Catching up in Community Colleges: Academic Preparation and Transfer to Four-Year Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roksa, Josipa; Calcagno, Juan Carlos

2010-01-01

Background/Context: Transfer from community colleges to four-year institutions remains a contentious issue in higher education, with proponents showing that students do indeed transfer to four-year institutions and opponents arguing that starting in community colleges hinders baccalaureate degree attainment. One particularly salient issue in this…

Comparing the Emancipation Proclamation and the Russian Emancipation Manifesto.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, Clair W.

1989-01-01

Offers a lesson plan for comparing the ideas and context of the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln on September 22, 1862, and the Emancipation Manifesto issued on March 3, 1861, by Alexander II of Russia. Gives background information on the Emancipation Manifesto, discusses preparation and lesson procedures, and suggests…

Methodological Issues in Research on Web-Based Behavioral Interventions

PubMed Central

Danaher, Brian G; Seeley, John R

2013-01-01

Background Web-based behavioral intervention research is rapidly growing. Purpose We review methodological issues shared across Web-based intervention research to help inform future research in this area. Methods We examine measures and their interpretation using exemplar studies and our research. Results We report on research designs used to evaluate Web-based interventions and recommend newer, blended designs. We review and critique methodological issues associated with recruitment, engagement, and social validity. Conclusions We suggest that there is value to viewing this burgeoning realm of research from the broader context of behavior change research. We conclude that many studies use blended research designs, that innovative mantling designs such as the Multiphase Optimization Strategy and Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial methods hold considerable promise and should be used more widely, and that Web-based controls should be used instead of usual care or no-treatment controls in public health research. We recommend topics for future research that address participant recruitment, engagement, and social validity. PMID:19806416

Powerless positions, silenced voices? - critical views on health and social care management.

PubMed

Hujala, Anneli; Laulainen, Sanna; Lindberg, Kajsa

2014-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to provide background to this special issue and consider how critically oriented research can be applied to health and social care management. Basic principles of critical management studies are introduced briefly to frame subsequent papers in this issue. In order to identify the wicked problems and darker sides of the care field, there is a need to study things in alternative ways through critical lenses. Giving a voice to those in less powerful positions may result in redefinition and redesign of conventional roles and agency of patients, volunteers and professionals and call into question the taken-for-granted understanding of health and social care management. The special issue as a whole was designed to enhance critical approaches to the discussion in the field of health and social care. This editorial hopefully raises awareness of CMS and serves as an opening for further discussion on critical views in the research on management and organization in this field.

Stakeholders' views on ethical issues in the practice of in-vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer in Nigeria.

PubMed

Ajayi, R A; Dibosa-Osadolor, O J

2011-09-01

The provision of IVF for the specialized treatment of infertility has grown very rapidly in Nigeria in recent times, especially within the private sector. The objective of this study was to document the views of key stakeholders regarding salient ethical issues relating to the practice of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) in Nigeria. A think-tank session was convened with participants drawn from different backgrounds and disciplines to deliberate on ethical issues in IVF. Ten key issues were discussed at this inaugural session. It was unanimously agreed that there are no right or wrong answers when considering the ethics and morality of IVF as these are principally dependent on choice and circumstances. However within the legal and socio-cultural dictates of the Nigerian society, right and wrong may be clearly determined on some issues. With the expansion of the IVF industry and technology in Nigeria, the need to address related ethical issues have become paramount. The forum recommended that it is important that regulatory guidelines are put in place to regulate the practice of IVF in Nigeria and to protect patients' rights and safety.

T-duality, non-geometry and Lie algebroids in heterotic double field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blumenhagen, Ralph; Sun, Rui

2015-02-01

A number of issues in heterotic double field theory are studied. This includes the analysis of the T-dual configurations of a flat constant gauge flux background, which turn out to be non-geometric. Performing a field redefinition to a non-geometric frame, these T-duals take a very simple form reminiscent of the constant Q- and R-flux backgrounds. In addition, it is shown how the analysis of arXiv:1304.2784 generalizes to heterotic generalized geometry. For every field redefinition specified by an O( D, D + n) transformation, the structure of the resulting supergravity action is governed by the differential geometry of a corresponding Lie algebroid.

Minority students in the science classroom: Issues of language, class, race, culture and pedagogy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sweeney, Aldrin Edward

A considerable proportion of the educationally at-risk students in the K-12 public education system is composed of minority students, either in terms of cultural background, linguistic background, and frequently, both. In particular, satisfactory levels of achievement in science are not being attained by these students. The concerns of this study center on examining and understanding the reasons underlying this situation, with a view to suggesting how these problems of underachievement in science might be addressed. Previous and ongoing educational research concerning these issues suggest that such underachievement may be due to current pedagogical practices which seem to actively discourage these students from achieving any significant measure of academic, educational or professional success. The purpose of this study is thus to explore the beliefs and pedagogical practices of science teachers as they relate to minority students, especially those minority students for whom English is not a first language and who have limited English proficiency (LEP). In the course of this study, the terminology 'minority students' will refer to and be inclusive of cultural and/or language minorities, i.e. those students who differ from the mainstream white American student in terms of cultural background and a native language other than English. Culturally derived usages of non-standard forms of English (e.g. Black English Vernacular) also will be subsumed within this definition of cultural and language minority students. Particular attention will be given to emergent issues relating to current pedagogical practices, also to the science teacher beliefs and epistemological rationales underlying such practices. In exploring these beliefs and pedagogical practices, the study also will seek to delineate and to understand the various problems which are being encountered in the teaching of science to minority students. As the result of exploring the beliefs and pedagogical practices of science teachers as they relate to minority students, it is intended that the completed study will contribute toward the development and elaboration of a substantive pedagogical content knowledge base for science teachers of cultural and language minority students. It is anticipated that the development of such a knowledge base will be of practical assistance to science teachers in their pedagogical decisions such that a greater inclusion of these students in the science discourse community may be attained.

Treating Patients Who Strain the Research Psychotherapy Paradigm

PubMed Central

Markowitz, John C.; Kaplowitz, Matthew; Suh, Eun-Jung; Meehan, Kevin; Neria, Yuval; Jonker, Hanske; Rafaeli, Alexandra; Lovell, Karina

2013-01-01

Background Clinical trials of psychotherapy require diagnostic homogeneity, which implies a convergence of clinical presentations. Yet research study patients present diversely, and patients who do not fit a treatment paradigm may greatly complicate delivery of the study psychotherapy. The research literature has not addressed this issue. Methods The authors use case illustrations of three psychotherapies – Prolonged Exposure, Relaxation Therapy, and Interpersonal Psychotherapy – from an ongoing psychotherapy outcome trial of posttraumatic stress disorder to describe psychotherapeutic responses to complex, “atypical” patients who strain standard treatment paradigms. Results Therapists required flexibility, and occasionally deviations from strict protocol, in treating heterodox patients. Conclusions Such heterogeneity of presentation may have implications for psychotherapy outcome in research trials. Despite lack of discussion in the literature, many trials may face such issues. PMID:22759936

Teaching Creole-Speaking Children: Issues, Concerns and Resolutions for the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wigglesworth, Gillian; Billington, Rosey

2013-01-01

There are now significant numbers of children who speak a language other than English when they enter the formal school system in Australia. Many of these children come from a language background that is entirely different from the school language. Many Indigenous children, however, come from creole-speaking backgrounds where their home language…

Managing Library Staff from a Different Cultural Background--The East-West Conflict in Berlin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lux, Claudia

This paper discusses personnel management issues that arose when the East Berlin (Germany) Municipal Library and the West Berlin America Memorial Library united in 1995 to form the Central and State Library. The first section provides historical background on the two libraries and their merger. The second section summarizes the East-West conflict…

Who Benefits from Honors: An Empirical Analysis of Honors and Non-Honors Students' Backgrounds, Academic Attitudes, and Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brimeyer, Ted M.; Schueths, April M.; Smith, William L.

2014-01-01

Supporters of university honors programs argue that these programs benefit the university and entire student body while critics argue that honors programs reproduce socioeconomic and racial privileges. In an attempt to address these issues, researchers used quantitative survey data to compare the background characteristics, behaviors, and…

Creating Connections: Using the Internet to Support Struggling Readers' Background Knowledge. Issues in Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karchmer, Rachel A.

2004-01-01

Background knowledge plays an important role in one?s ability to learn. We learn new knowledge by relating it to our prior knowledge, which in turn provides concrete understanding (Piaget, 1969). Rosenblatt (1996) explained, "The reader brings to the work personality traits, memories of past events, present needs and preoccupations, a…

77 FR 60683 - Proposed Extension of Approval of Information Collection; Comment Request-Safety Standard for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-04

.... Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received, go to http://www...: [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A. Background In 1979, the Commission issued the Safety... based on a test of each product or upon a reasonable testing program. Section 14(b) of the CPSA...

The Influence of Social Background on Participation in Adult Education:Applying the Cultural Capital Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cincinnato, Sebastiano; De Wever, Bram; Van Keer, Hilde; Valcke, Martin

2016-01-01

In this article, we address the issue of participation in adult education building on the cultural capital framework. This theoretical framework suggests that (educational) practices are affected by one's social background and, more precisely, by the cultural resources handed down in the family context. To examine the validity of this theoretical…

Resilience in Utility Technologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seaton, Roger

The following sections are included: * Scope of paper * Preamble * Background to the case-study projects * Source projects * Resilience * Case study 1: Electricity generation * Context * Model * Case study 2: Water recycling * Context * Model * Case study 3: Ecotechnology and water treatment * Context * The problem of classification: Finding a classificatory solution * Application of the new taxonomy to water treatment * Concluding comments and questions * Conclusions * Questions and issues * Purposive or Purposeful? * Resilience: Flexibility and adaptivity? * Resilience: With respect of what? * Risk, uncertainty, surprise, emergence - What sort of shock, and who says so? * Co-evolutionary friction * References

Navy LX(R) Amphibious Ship Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-08

and National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of General Dynamics (GD/NASSCO)—on the grounds that these are the only two shipbuilders that have the...LaGrone, “Navy Issues RFP for Oilers and LHA-8 to NASSCO, Ingalls,” USNI News, July 10, 2015; Valerie Insinna, “Navy Quietly Issues RFP for LHA-8...amphibious assault ship so that San Diego-based General Dynamics National Steel and Shipbuilding Co. (NASSCO) and the Huntington Ingalls Industries

The Relationship of Discipline Background to Upper Secondary Students' Argumentation on Socioscientific Issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christenson, Nina; Chang Rundgren, Shu-Nu; Zeidler, Dana L.

2014-08-01

In the present STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)-driven society, socioscientific issues (SSI) have become a focus globally and SSI research has grown into an important area of study in science education. Since students attending the social and science programs have a different focus in their studies and research has shown that students attending a science program are less familiar with argumentation practice, we make a comparison of the supporting reasons social science and science majors use in arguing different SSI with the goal to provide important information for pedagogical decisions about curriculum and instruction. As an analytical framework, a model termed SEE-SEP covering three aspects (of knowledge, value, and experiences) and six subject areas (of sociology/culture, economy, environment/ecology, science, ethics/morality, and policy) was adopted to analyze students' justifications. A total of 208 upper secondary students (105 social science majors and 103 science majors) from Sweden were invited to justify and expound their arguments on four SSI including global warming, genetically modified organisms (GMO), nuclear power, and consumer consumption. The results showed that the social science majors generated more justifications than the science majors, the aspect of value was used most in students' argumentation regardless of students' discipline background, and justifications from the subject area of science were most often presented in nuclear power and GMO issues. We conclude by arguing that engaging teachers from different subjects to cooperate when teaching argumentation on SSI could be of great value and provide students from both social science and science programs the best possible conditions in which to develop argumentation skills.

Researchers’ Perceptions of the Ethical Implications of Pharmacogenomics Research with Children

PubMed Central

Avard, D.; Silverstein, T.; Sillon, G.; Joly, Y.

2009-01-01

Background This paper presents the results of an exploratory qualitative study that assesses Canadian pediatric researchers’ perceptions of a pre-selected group of ethical issues raised by pharmacogenomics research with children. Methods As a pilot study, we conducted semi-structured telephone interviews with Canadian pediatric pharmacogenomic researchers. The interviews were guided by the following themes: (1) benefits and risks of inclusion, (2) the consent/assent process, and (3) the return of research results. Results Issues about assent, consent, risks and benefits, as well as the communication of results were addressed by the respondents. Some issues, such as the unique vulnerability of children, the long term privacy concerns associated with biobanking, additional core elements that need to be discussed and included in the consent/assent forms, as well as the challenges of communicating research results in a pediatric research were not explicitly identified by the respondents. Conclusion Further consideration should be given to address the ethical challenges of including children in pharmacogenomics research. This exploratory study indicates that further guidance is needed if children are to be protected and yet benefit from such research. PMID:19204423

Psycho-Socio-Economic Issues Challenging Multidrug Resistant Tuberculosis Patients: A Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Thomas, Beena Elizabeth; Shanmugam, Poonguzhali; Malaisamy, Muniyandi; Ovung, Senthanro; Suresh, Chandra; Subbaraman, Ramnath; Adinarayanan, Srividya; Nagarajan, Karikalan

2016-01-01

Background Limited treatment options, long duration of treatment and associated toxicity adversely impact the physical and mental well-being of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients. Despite research advances in the microbiological and clinical aspects of MDR-TB, research on the psychosocial context of MDR-TB is limited and less understood. Methodology We searched the databases of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase and Google Scholar to retrieve all published articles. The final manuscripts included in the review were those with a primary focus on psychosocial issues of MDR-TB patients. These were assessed and the information was thematically extracted on the study objective, methodology used, key findings, and their implications. Intervention studies were evaluated using components of the methodological and quality rating scale. Due to the limited number of studies and the multiple methodologies employed in the observational studies, we summarized these studies using a narrative approach, rather than conducting a formal meta-analysis. We used ‘thematic synthesis’ method for extracting qualitative evidences and systematically organised to broader descriptive themes. Results A total of 282 published articles were retrieved, of which 15 articles were chosen for full text review based on the inclusion criteria. Six were qualitative studies; one was a mixed methods study; and eight were quantitative studies. The included studies were divided into the following issues affecting MDR-TB patients: a) psychological issues b) social issues and economic issues c) psychosocial interventions. It was found that all studies have documented range of psychosocial and economic challenges experienced by MDR-TB patients. Depression, stigma, discrimination, side effects of the drugs causing psychological distress, and the financial constraints due to MDR-TB were some of the common issues reported in the studies. There were few intervention studies which addressed these psychosocial issues most of which were small pilot studies. There is dearth of large scale randomized psychosocial intervention studies that can be scaled up to strengthen management of MDR-TB patients which is crucial for the TB control programme. Conclusion This review has captured the psychosocial and economic issues challenging MDR patients. However there is urgent need for feasible, innovative psychosocial and economic intervention studies that help to equip MDR-TB patients cope with their illness, improve treatment adherence, treatment outcomes and the overall quality of life of MDR-TB patients. PMID:26807933

[Introduction of neuroethics: out of clinic, beyond academia in human brain research].

PubMed

Fukushi, Tamami; Sakura, Osamu

2008-11-01

Higher cognitive function in human brain is one of well-developed fields of neuroscience research in the 21st century. Especially functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and near infrared recording system have brought so many non-clinical researchers whose background is such as cognitive psychology, economics, politics, pedagogy, and so on, to the human brain mapping study. Authors have introduced the ethical issues related to incidental findings during the fMRI recording for non-clinical purpose, which is a typical problem derived from such expanded human brain research under non clinical condition, that is, neuroethics. In the present article we would introduce neuroethical issues in contexts of "out of clinic" and "beyond academia".

To be seen or to hide: visual characteristics of body patterns for camouflage and communication in the Australian giant cuttlefish Sepia apama.

PubMed

Zylinski, S; How, M J; Osorio, D; Hanlon, R T; Marshall, N J

2011-05-01

It might seem obvious that a camouflaged animal must generally match its background whereas to be conspicuous an organism must differ from the background. However, the image parameters (or statistics) that evaluate the conspicuousness of patterns and textures are seldom well defined, and animal coloration patterns are rarely compared quantitatively with their respective backgrounds. Here we examine this issue in the Australian giant cuttlefish Sepia apama. We confine our analysis to the best-known and simplest image statistic, the correlation in intensity between neighboring pixels. Sepia apama can rapidly change their body patterns from assumed conspicuous signaling to assumed camouflage, thus providing an excellent and unique opportunity to investigate how such patterns differ in a single visual habitat. We describe the intensity variance and spatial frequency power spectra of these differing body patterns and compare these patterns with the backgrounds against which they are viewed. The measured image statistics of camouflaged animals closely resemble their backgrounds, while signaling animals differ significantly from their backgrounds. Our findings may provide the basis for a set of general rules for crypsis and signals. Furthermore, our methods may be widely applicable to the quantitative study of animal coloration.

The projected background for the CUORE experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alduino, C.; Alfonso, K.; Artusa, D. R.; Avignone, F. T.; Azzolini, O.; Banks, T. I.; Bari, G.; Beeman, J. W.; Bellini, F.; Benato, G.; Bersani, A.; Biassoni, M.; Branca, A.; Brofferio, C.; Bucci, C.; Camacho, A.; Caminata, A.; Canonica, L.; Cao, X. G.; Capelli, S.; Cappelli, L.; Carbone, L.; Cardani, L.; Carniti, P.; Casali, N.; Cassina, L.; Chiesa, D.; Chott, N.; Clemenza, M.; Copello, S.; Cosmelli, C.; Cremonesi, O.; Creswick, R. J.; Cushman, J. S.; D'Addabbo, A.; Dafinei, I.; Davis, C. J.; Dell'Oro, S.; Deninno, M. M.; Di Domizio, S.; Di Vacri, M. L.; Drobizhev, A.; Fang, D. Q.; Faverzani, M.; Fernandes, G.; Ferri, E.; Ferroni, F.; Fiorini, E.; Franceschi, M. A.; Freedman, S. J.; Fujikawa, B. K.; Giachero, A.; Gironi, L.; Giuliani, A.; Gladstone, L.; Gorla, P.; Gotti, C.; Gutierrez, T. D.; Haller, E. E.; Han, K.; Hansen, E.; Heeger, K. M.; Hennings-Yeomans, R.; Hickerson, K. P.; Huang, H. Z.; Kadel, R.; Keppel, G.; Kolomensky, Yu. G.; Leder, A.; Ligi, C.; Lim, K. E.; Ma, Y. G.; Maino, M.; Marini, L.; Martinez, M.; Maruyama, R. H.; Mei, Y.; Moggi, N.; Morganti, S.; Mosteiro, P. J.; Napolitano, T.; Nastasi, M.; Nones, C.; Norman, E. B.; Novati, V.; Nucciotti, A.; O'Donnell, T.; Ouellet, J. L.; Pagliarone, C. E.; Pallavicini, M.; Palmieri, V.; Pattavina, L.; Pavan, M.; Pessina, G.; Pettinacci, V.; Piperno, G.; Pira, C.; Pirro, S.; Pozzi, S.; Previtali, E.; Rosenfeld, C.; Rusconi, C.; Sakai, M.; Sangiorgio, S.; Santone, D.; Schmidt, B.; Schmidt, J.; Scielzo, N. D.; Singh, V.; Sisti, M.; Smith, A. R.; Taffarello, L.; Tenconi, M.; Terranova, F.; Tomei, C.; Trentalange, S.; Vignati, M.; Wagaarachchi, S. L.; Wang, B. S.; Wang, H. W.; Welliver, B.; Wilson, J.; Winslow, L. A.; Wise, T.; Woodcraft, A.; Zanotti, L.; Zhang, G. Q.; Zhu, B. X.; Zimmermann, S.; Zucchelli, S.; Laubenstein, M.

2017-08-01

The Cryogenic Underground Observatory for Rare Events (CUORE) is designed to search for neutrinoless double beta decay of ^{130}Te with an array of 988 TeO_2 bolometers operating at temperatures around 10 mK. The experiment is currently being commissioned in Hall A of Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Italy. The goal of CUORE is to reach a 90% C.L. exclusion sensitivity on the ^{130}Te decay half-life of 9 × 10^{25} years after 5 years of data taking. The main issue to be addressed to accomplish this aim is the rate of background events in the region of interest, which must not be higher than 10^{-2} counts/keV/kg/year. We developed a detailed Monte Carlo simulation, based on results from a campaign of material screening, radioassays, and bolometric measurements, to evaluate the expected background. This was used over the years to guide the construction strategies of the experiment and we use it here to project a background model for CUORE. In this paper we report the results of our study and our expectations for the background rate in the energy region where the peak signature of neutrinoless double beta decay of ^{130}Te is expected.

Key Health Information Technologies and Related Issues for Iran: A Qualitative Study

PubMed Central

Hemmat, Morteza; Ayatollahi, Haleh; Maleki, Mohammadreza; Saghafi, Fatemeh

2018-01-01

Background and Objective: Planning for the future of Health Information Technology (HIT) requires applying a systematic approach when conducting foresight studies. The aim of this study was to identify key health information technologies and related issues for Iran until 2025. Methods: This was a qualitative study and the participants included experts and policy makers in the field of health information technology. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted and data were analyzed by using framework analysis and MAXQDA software. Results: The findings revealed that the development of national health information network, electronic health records, patient health records, a cloud-based service center, interoperability standards, patient monitoring technologies, telehealth, mhealth, clinical decision support systems, health information technology and mhealth infrastructure were found to be the key technologies for the future. These technologies could influence the economic, organizational and individual levels. To achieve them, the economic and organizational obstacles need to be overcome. Conclusion: In this study, a number of key technologies and related issues were identified. This approach can help to focus on the most important technologies in the future and to priorities these technologies for better resource allocation and policy making. PMID:29854016

Using climate change scenarios to assess high school students' argumentation skills

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dawson, Vaille; Carson, Katherine

2017-01-01

Background: Many international science curriculum documents mandate that students should be able to participate in argument, debate and decision-making about contemporary science issues affecting society. Termed socioscientific issues, these topics provide students with opportunities to use their scientific knowledge to discuss, debate and defend their decisions and to evaluate the arguments of their peers.

Positive Discipline A to Z: 1001 Solutions to Everyday Parenting Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelsen, Jane; And Others

This book is a parenting reference work that offers background on common disciplinary problems and parenting issues, advice on how to handle problems and issues as they arise, and insight into how to avoid disciplinary problems in the future. The book is divided into three sections: Basic Positive Discipline Parenting Tools, Positive Discipline…

The Experiences of Staff Who Support People with Intellectual Disability on Issues about Death, Dying and Bereavement: A Metasynthesis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lord, Ailsa J.; Field, Stephen; Smith, Ian C.

2017-01-01

Background: Historically, people with intellectual disabilities have tended to be excluded from knowing about death, dying and bereavement. Staff in intellectual disability services can play a valuable role in improving understanding of these issues in those they support. This qualitative metasynthesis aimed to understand the experiences of staff…

Proprietary Schools and Student Financial Aid Programs: Background and Policy Issues. Congressional Report for Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fraas, Charlotte J.

This report examines some of the major issues that Congress is likely to confront in considering future use of student aid programs by proprietary school students. Chapter 1 presents an historical overview of proprietary school participation in Title IV student aid programs and Chapter 2 explores the current participation of proprietary school…

Competition in the Franchise Business. Instructor's Guide [and] Student Materials. Business Issues in the Classroom. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maxey, Phyllis F.

One of a series of units designed to acquaint secondary students with business issues, this packet examines the franchise as a type of business organization. Teacher and student materials are provided in separate sections. The teacher's guide provides an overview, objectives, four detailed lesson plans, answer keys, background information, and…

Democracy's College: The American Community College in the 21st Century--Framing the Issue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Topper, Amelia M.; Powers, Jeanne M.

2013-01-01

In this manuscript, the guest editors of the EPAA Special Issue on "Democracy's College: The American Community College in the 21st Century": a) introduce the background, history, and context of community colleges in the larger higher education landscape; b) summarize the three research papers and two video commentaries that were…

Literacy and Deaf Students in Taiwan: Issues, Practices and Directions for Future Research--Part I

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Hsiu Tan; Liu, Chun Jung; Andrews, Jean F.

2014-01-01

We describe the literacy issues facing young deaf and hard of hearing (DHH) learners in Taiwan who are learning both a logographic and an alphabetic script. We describe the contextual factors that surround their reading and writing processes such as island demographics, reading achievement levels, and background language learning variables…

Ethical Issues in Accounting: A Teaching Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doolan, Amy L.

2013-01-01

Theodore Roosevelt said, "To educate a person in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society." With this quote in mind, this paper describes three ethical issues in the discipline area of accounting. The format of the paper is to first provide background information on the ethical question or scenario then to provide a…

Reporter's Guide: Drugs, Drug Abuse Issues, Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parachini, Allan

The purposes of this booklet are: (1) to serve as a commentary on the evolution, state and problems of drug reporting; (2) to make the journalist aware of the prominent issues and some of the major misconceptions common among reporters, readers and/or listeners; (3) to serve as a guide to the fundamental background literature of the field; (4) to…

Education of the Deaf Act: Background and Reauthorization Issues. CRS Report for Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aleman, Steven R.

This summary of the Education of the Deaf Act (Public Law 99-371) discusses the special institutions funded under the act and other issues related to the Act's reauthorization. The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (Rochester, New York) and Gallaudet University (District of Columbia) provide postsecondary training for deaf individuals.…

Cable Television In Metro Denver. Background and Policy Issues For Local Decision-Making.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bortz, Paul I.; Gilmore, John S.

A general introduction to cable television (CATV) in the metropolitan Denver area, with a focus on policy issues for local decision-making, is provided. The overview is based upon a literature review, information presented at conferences, local surveys of CATV, interviews with people involved with CATV, and on-going research conducted by the…

Using Popular Culture Texts in the Classroom to Interrogate Issues of Gender Transgression Related Bullying

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Happel-Parkins, Alison; Esposito, Jennifer

2015-01-01

This article examines how undergraduate instructors of pre-service educators can address complex issues of sexuality and sexual orientation within the classroom. First, we explain our own backgrounds and positionalities to provide a context for our ensuing ideas and discussions. Second, by reviewing the literature on homophobic bullying, we…

Some Major Issues of the International Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hopkins, Frank Snowden

Mankind's problems, which tend to be global in nature and extent, need global solutions. This paper lists and elaborates on a number of these global problems. No solutions are given. The first part of the paper presents background information on the following issues with which the world's governments will be dealing in the next quarter century:…

The Department of Defense’s Use of Private Security Contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan: Background, Analysis, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-19

they are generally considered to be support personnel under Title X. 34 A 2007 study published by the Combat Studies Institute determined the tooth...for which it contracts with private companies in military operations. Congress has generally accepted the concept of using unarmed contractors to...installations and U.S. embassies and consulates in a number of countries where stability generally is not an issue. 3 According to one report, “Not

Treating Anxiety Disorders in Inner City Schools: Results from a Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing CBT and Usual Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ginsburg, Golda S.; Becker, Kimberly D.; Drazdowski, Tess K.; Tein, Jenn-Yun

2012-01-01

Background: The effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) in inner city schools, when delivered by novice CBT clinicians, and compared to usual care (UC), is unknown. Objective: This pilot study addressed this issue by comparing a modular CBT for anxiety disorders to UC in a sample of 32 volunteer youth (mean age 10.28 years, 63%…

The normative background of empirical-ethical research: first steps towards a transparent and reasoned approach in the selection of an ethical theory.

PubMed

Salloch, Sabine; Wäscher, Sebastian; Vollmann, Jochen; Schildmann, Jan

2015-04-04

Empirical-ethical research constitutes a relatively new field which integrates socio-empirical research and normative analysis. As direct inferences from descriptive data to normative conclusions are problematic, an ethical framework is needed to determine the relevance of the empirical data for normative argument. While issues of normative-empirical collaboration and questions of empirical methodology have been widely discussed in the literature, the normative methodology of empirical-ethical research has seldom been addressed. Based on our own research experience, we discuss one aspect of this normative methodology, namely the selection of an ethical theory serving as a background for empirical-ethical research. Whereas criteria for a good ethical theory in philosophical ethics are usually related to inherent aspects, such as the theory's clarity or coherence, additional points have to be considered in the field of empirical-ethical research. Three of these additional criteria will be discussed in the article: (a) the adequacy of the ethical theory for the issue at stake, (b) the theory's suitability for the purposes and design of the empirical-ethical research project, and (c) the interrelation between the ethical theory selected and the theoretical backgrounds of the socio-empirical research. Using the example of our own study on the development of interventions which support clinical decision-making in oncology, we will show how the selection of an ethical theory as a normative background for empirical-ethical research can proceed. We will also discuss the limitations of the procedures chosen in our project. The article stresses that a systematic and reasoned approach towards theory selection in empirical-ethical research should be given priority rather than an accidental or implicit way of choosing the normative framework for one's own research. It furthermore shows that the overall design of an empirical-ethical study is a multi-faceted endeavor which has to balance between theoretical and pragmatic considerations.

Clinical Ethics in Gabon: The Spectrum of Clinical Ethical Issues Based on Findings from In-Depth Interviews at Three Public Hospitals

PubMed Central

Sippel, Daniel; Marckmann, Georg; Ndzie Atangana, Etienne; Strech, Daniel

2015-01-01

Introduction Unlike issues in biomedical research ethics, ethical challenges arising in daily clinical care in Sub-Saharan African countries have not yet been studied in a systematic manner. However this has to be seen as a distinct entity as we argue in this paper. Our aim was to give an overview of the spectrum of clinical ethical issues and to understand what influences clinical ethics in the Sub-Saharan country of Gabon. Materials and Methods In-depth interviews with 18 health care professionals were conducted at three hospital sites in Gabon. Interview transcripts were analyzed using a grounded theory approach (open and axial coding), giving a qualitative spectrum of categories for clinical ethical issues. Validity was checked at a meeting with study participants and other health care experts in Gabon after analysis of the data. Results Twelve main categories (with 28 further-specified subcategories) for clinical ethical issues were identified and grouped under three core categories: A) micro level: “confidentiality and information”, “interpersonal, relational and behavioral issues”, “psychological strain of individuals”, and “scarce resources”; B) meso level: “structural issues of medical institutions”, “issues with private clinics”, “challenges connected to the family”, and “issues of education, training and competence”; and C) macro level: “influence of society, culture, religion and superstition”, “applicability of western medicine”, “structural issues on the political level”, and “legal issues”. Discussion Interviewees reported a broad spectrum of clinical ethical issues that go beyond challenges related to scarce financial and human resources. Specific socio-cultural, historical and educational backgrounds also played an important role. In fact these influences are central to an understanding of clinical ethics in the studied local context. Further research in the region is necessary to put our study into perspective. As many participants reported a lack of awareness of ethical issues amongst other health care professionals in daily clinical practice, we suggest that international organizations and national medical schools should consider infrastructure and tools to improve context-sensitive capacity building in clinical ethics for Sub-Saharan African countries like Gabon. PMID:26161655

Policy issues facing the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty and prospects for the future

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sweeney, J.

1999-04-01

This report is divided into the following 5 sections: (1) Background; (2) Major Issues Facing Ratification of CTBT; (3) Current Status on CTBT Ratification; (4) Status of CTBT Signatories and Ratifiers; and (5) CTBT Activities Not Prohibited. The major issues facing ratification of CTBT discussed here are: impact on CTBT of START II and ABM ratification; impact of India and Pakistan nuclear tests; CTBT entry into force; and establishment of the Comprehensive Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty Organization.

Comparison of accelerator physics issues for symmetric and asymmetric B-factory rings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tigner, M.

1990-10-10

A systematic comparison of accelerator physics issues from the beam-beam interaction to single particle stability including ring and IR layout, synchrotron radiation and lost particle backgrounds, and single and multi-bunch instabilities is given. While some practical handicap probably accrues to the asymmetric design because of its extra constraints, the differences in the two approaches tend to be obscured by larger issues such as how to achieve the enormous increases in luminosity demanded of a b-factory.

Report of the Second Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP) Study Meeting.

PubMed

Kim, Choung-Soo; Lee, Ji Youl; Chung, Byung Ha; Kim, Wun-Jae; Fai, Ng Chi; Hakim, Lukman; Umbas, Rainy; Ong, Teng Aik; Lim, Jasmine; Letran, Jason L; Chiong, Edmund; Wu, Tong-Lin; Lojanapiwat, Bannakij; Türkeri, Levent; Murphy, Declan G; Gardiner, Robert A; Moretti, Kim; Cooperberg, Matthew; Carroll, Peter; Mun, Seong Ki; Hinotsu, Shiro; Hirao, Yoshihiko; Ozono, Seiichiro; Horie, Shigeo; Onozawa, Mizuki; Kitagawa, Yasuhide; Kitamura, Tadaichi; Namiki, Mikio; Akaza, Hideyuki

2017-09-01

The Asian Prostate Cancer (A-CaP) Study is an Asia-wide initiative that has been developed over the course of 2 years. The study was launched in December 2015 in Tokyo, Japan, and the participating countries and regions engaged in preparations for the study during the course of 2016, including patient registration and creation of databases for the purpose of the study. The Second A-CaP Meeting was held on September 8, 2016 in Seoul, Korea, with the participation of members and collaborators from 12 countries and regions. Under the study, each participating country or region will begin registration of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients and conduct prognostic investigations. From the data gathered, common research themes will be identified, such as comparisons among Asian countries of background factors in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. This is the first Asia-wide study of prostate cancer and has developed from single country research efforts in this field, including in Japan and Korea. At the Second Meeting, participating countries and regions discussed the status of preparations and discussed various issues that are being faced. These issues include technical challenges in creating databases, promoting participation in each country or region, clarifying issues relating to data input, addressing institutional issues such as institutional review board requirements, and the need for dedicated data managers. The meeting was positioned as an opportunity to share information and address outstanding issues prior to the initiation of the study. In addition to A-CaP-specific discussions, a series of special lectures was also delivered as a means of providing international perspectives on the latest developments in prostate cancer and the use of databases and registration studies around the world.

Students' Choice of Post-Compulsory Science: In Search of Schools that Compensate for the Socio-Economic Background of Their Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderhag, Per; Emanuelsson, Patrik; Wickman, Per-Olof; Hamza, Karim Mikael

2013-01-01

It is commonly argued that socio-economic inequalities can explain many of the differences in achievement and participation in science education that have been reported among countries and among schools within a country. We addressed this issue by examining (a) the relationship between variables associated with socio-economic background and…

Comprehensive Employment and Training Act. Review and Oversight. Part I: Background and First Year Results. Part II: Public Policy Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Employment and Training Administration (DOL), Washington, DC.

This report reviews the establishment and early performance of the comprehensive manpower system established by the Comprehensive Employment and Training Act (CETA). The report is divided into two major sections. Part 1 examines the background and first year results of the CETA program. The legislative and programmatic antecedents to CETA are…

Exploratory Workshop on the Social Impacts of Robotics. Summary and Issues. A Background Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Office of Technology Assessment.

This report contains a summary of the results of an exploratory workshop to discuss the future of industrial robotics and its likely impact on public policy. Background information is presented, and workshop goals are delineated. Under the general area of robot technology, these topics are covered: the roots of robotics technology, a definition of…

The Role of Institutions of Higher Education in Sustainability: The Comprehensive, Public, Land-Grant University

Treesearch

Patrick J. Pellicane

2006-01-01

This paper introduces a background discussion of the importance of sustainability in the 21st century, the issues surrounding how we learn, the role of science, and the importance of interdisciplinarity with respect to ecological and socio-economic sustainability. Furthermore, background information is provided about the history and origins of the American public, land...

Secondary Statistical Modeling with the National Assessment of Adult Literacy: Implications for the Design of the Background Questionnaire. Working Paper Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaplan, David

This paper offers recommendations to the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) on the development of the background questionnaire for the National Assessment of Adult Literacy (NAAL). The recommendations are from the viewpoint of a researcher interested in applying sophisticated statistical models to address important issues in adult…

Distracted While Reading? Changing to a Hard-to-Read Font Shields against the Effects of Environmental Noise and Speech on Text Memory

PubMed Central

Halin, Niklas

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the distractive effects of background speech, aircraft noise and road traffic noise on text memory and particularly to examine if displaying the texts in a hard-to-read font can shield against the detrimental effects of these types of background sounds. This issue was addressed in an experiment where 56 students read shorter texts about different classes of fictitious creatures (i.e., animals, fishes, birds, and dinosaurs) against a background of the aforementioned background sounds respectively and silence. For half of the participants the texts were displayed in an easy-to-read font (i.e., Times New Roman) and for the other half in a hard-to-read font (i.e., Haettenschweiler). The dependent measure was the proportion correct answers on the multiple-choice tests that followed each sound condition. Participants’ performance in the easy-to-read font condition was significantly impaired by all three background sound conditions compared to silence. In contrast, there were no effects of the three background sound conditions compared to silence in the hard-to-read font condition. These results suggest that an increase in task demand—by displaying the text in a hard-to-read font—shields against various types of distracting background sounds by promoting a more steadfast locus-of-attention and by reducing the processing of background sound. PMID:27555834

Organisational performance and business continuity management: a theoretical perspective and a case study.

PubMed

Sawalha, Ihab Hanna Salman

2013-01-01

This paper seeks to extend the research relating to the strategic view of business continuity management (BCM) to the context of organisational performance (OP). It discusses potential performance consequences resulting from applying BCM aspects/elements within an organisation. The paper contributes to the understanding of the role of BCM in OP by discussing how deployment of BCM key aspects/elements can improve OP. Two main issues are discussed: first, background to performance and the elements of OP; and secondly, the role of BCM in achieving optimised OP. These issues are significant, as they go further than the extant literature relating to the significance of BCM and its potential influence on OP. The study focuses on Jordanian banks as a case study and as a way of illustrating how BCM helps improve OP for those organisations facing performance shortcomings or difficulties.

Cultural relativism: occupation and independence reconsidered.

PubMed

Whiteford, G E; Wilcock, A A

2000-12-01

In this article, findings from a qualitative study of a cohort of occupational therapy students in Auckland, New Zealand are presented. The study focussed on the experiences of students as they learned to work with people from different social and cultural backgrounds over a 3-year period. As well as identifying curriculum and teaching/learning processes that enhance intercultural competence development, the data that emerged from the study also highlight important issues about how occupation and independence are conceptualised across cultures. A review of the trans-disciplinary and occupational therapy literature dealing with theoretical, conceptual and educational issues relating to cross-cultural practice is followed by a presentation of narrative extracts that address the key concepts of occupation and independence. These are then discussed with reference to relevant occupational therapy literature. In conclusion, implications for future research and practice are explored focussing on a need for occupation and independence to be reconsidered as culturally relative constructions.

A technical investigation on tools and concepts for sustainable management of the subsurface in The Netherlands.

PubMed

Griffioen, Jasper; van Wensem, Joke; Oomes, Justine L M; Barends, Frans; Breunese, Jaap; Bruining, Hans; Olsthoorn, Theo; Stams, Alfons J M; van der Stoel, Almer E C

2014-07-01

In response to increasing use of the subsurface, there is a need to modernise policies on sustainable use of the subsurface. This holds in particular for the densely populated Netherlands. We aimed to analyse current practice of subsurface management and the associated pressure points and to establish a conceptual overview of the technical issues related to sustainable management of the subsurface. Case studies on the exploitation of subsurface resources (including spatial use of the subsurface) were analysed, examining social relevance, environmental impact, pressure points and management solutions. The case studies ranged from constructing underground garages to geothermal exploitation. The following issues were identified for the technological/scientific aspects: site investigation, suitability, risk assessment, monitoring and measures in the event of failure. Additionally, the following general issues were identified for the administrative aspects: spatial planning, option assessment, precaution, transparency, responsibility and liability. These issues were explored on their technological implications within the framework of sustainable management of the subsurface. This resulted into the following key aspects: (1) sustainability assessment, (2) dealing with uncertainty and (3) policy instruments and governance. For all three aspects, different options were identified which might have a legal, economic or ethical background. The technological implications of these backgrounds have been identified. A set of recommendations for sustainable management of the subsurface resources (incl. space) was established: (1) management should be driven by scarcity, (2) always implement closed loop monitoring when the subsurface activities are high-risk, (3) when dealing with unknown features and heterogeneity, apply the precautionary principle, (4) responsibility and liability for damage must be set out in legislation and (5) sustainability should be incorporated in all relevant legislation and not only in environmental legislation. Other aspects to be considered are the reversibility of the impacts from subsurface activities and the abandonment of installations. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contraceptive use among migrant women with a history of induced abortion in Finland.

PubMed

Väisänen, Heini; Koponen, Päivikki; Gissler, Mika; Kontula, Osmo

2018-06-25

Women's contraceptive choices may change after an induced abortion, due to contraceptive counselling or a behavioural change prompted by the experience. The effect may vary between women; sociocultural background, for example, may affect their subsequent reproductive choices. We examined whether women's current contraceptive use was differently associated with a history of induced abortion among immigrant groups in Finland (Russian, Kurdish and Somali) and the general Finnish population. We analysed data from two surveys, the Migrant Health and Wellbeing study and the Health 2011 study, linked to the Finnish register of induced abortions. Propensity score weighted logistic regression was used to analyse the data. The likelihood of using contraceptives after an abortion varied depending on women's sociocultural background. A history of induced abortion increased contraceptive use among all groups, except Russian women, in whom there was no effect. The effect was particularly strong for Kurdish women. Sociocultural background was an important determinant of post-abortion contraceptive use. Some immigrants may struggle to navigate the Finnish health care system due to language or literacy issues. Attention should be paid to improving access to family planning among these groups.

Control-Structure-Interaction (CSI) technologies and trends to future NASA missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Control-structure-interaction (CSI) issues which are relevant for future NASA missions are reviewed. This goal was achieved by: (1) reviewing large space structures (LSS) technologies to provide a background and survey of the current state of the art (SOA); (2) analytically studying a focus mission to identify opportunities where CSI technology may be applied to enhance or enable future NASA spacecraft; and (3) expanding a portion of the focus mission, the large antenna, to provide in-depth trade studies, scaling laws, and methodologies which may be applied to other NASA missions. Several sections are presented. Section 1 defines CSI issues and presents an overview of the relevant modeling and control issues for LLS. Section 2 presents the results of the three phases of the CSI study. Section 2.1 gives the results of a CSI study conducted with the Geostationary Platform (Geoplat) as the focus mission. Section 2.2 contains an overview of the CSI control design methodology available in the technical community. Included is a survey of the CSI ground-based experiments which were conducted to verify theoretical performance predictions. Section 2.3 presents and demonstrates a new CSI scaling law methodology for assessing potential CSI with large antenna systems.

[Care and difference: from integration to fragmentation of being].

PubMed

Meyer, D E

2001-07-01

With this paper I intend to join to theorists who have discussed issues of difference and identity, with the aim of problematising some of the knowing/doing dimensions of nursing in contemporaneity. I am using as an analytical-theoretical background the Cultural Studies and Gender theories that develop a critical approach to post-structuralism. In the light of such a background I analyse some elements or constitutive aspects of the current theories on Care. I argue that to think care from the perspective of difference is to accept the challenge of not thinking about it as an action underpinned by scientific, philosophical and universal humanitarian assumptions, and start its theorisation and exercise as an action that is fundamentally political.

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities -- Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-04

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions...information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1 . REPORT DATE 04 APR 2008 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2008 to... 1 Issue for Congress

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities -- Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-12

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions...information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1 . REPORT DATE 12 SEP 2008 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2008... 1 Issue for Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scope, Sources, and

China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities - Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-11

Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions...information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. 1 . REPORT DATE 11 AUG 2008 2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4... 1 Issue for Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Scope, Sources

FY2010 National Defense Authorization Act: Selected Military Personnel Policy Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-17

Prohibition on Recruiting or Retaining Individuals Associated with Hate Groups ........................6 Chiropractic Health Care for Members on...Policy Issues Congressional Research Service 7 Chiropractic Health Care for Members on Active Duty Background: Chiropractic is a health care approach...supporting the body’s natural ability to heal itself. Research to expand the scientific understanding of chiropractic treatment is ongoing. Section 702

Religion as a Source of Strength or Weakness in Young Adult Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuchs, Lucy

A survey of books for young people reveals that some of the best (and even award-winning) novels deal with the controversial issue of religion. Although most of these books deal with religion only in the background, some clearly present this issue in the forefront. One book, Cynthia Rylant's "A Fine White Dust" (1986), traces a religious…

"My Colleagues Wear Blinkers. . . If They Were Trained, They Would Understand Better". Reflections on Teacher Education on Inclusion in Cyprus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Symeonidou, Simoni; Phtiaka, Helen

2014-01-01

This paper discusses fundamental theoretical issues in relation to education on inclusion. These issues inform core decisions about initial teacher education courses and in-service teacher-training programmes on inclusion. International and local discussions and research in this area formed the background for the design and implementation of a…

Exploring the Issue of Employment for Adults with an Intellectual Disability in Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGlinchey, Eimear; McCallion, Philip; Burke, Eilish; Carroll, Rachel; McCarron, Mary

2013-01-01

Background: The benefits of being in employment are well documented; however, underemployment is a critical issue for people with intellectual disability (ID). Some individuals perceive themselves as being in employment when in fact they are attending a non-work site such as a day service. The impact that this perception of employment has on other…

Folksong in the Classroom. A Network of Teachers of History, Literature, Music, and the Humanities, A Newsletter. Volume XII, Fall-Spring 1992.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, John W., Ed.; Seidman, Laurence, Ed.

1992-01-01

"Folksong in the Classroom" is a newsletter of a network of teachers of history, literature, music, and the humanities. Each issue contains songs, background information, classroom activities, and ideas for teachers to use in integrating folksongs into their teaching. Three issues of "Folksong in the Classroom" are included in…

American Foreign Policy for the '80s: A Voter's Guide to the Facts and Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irwin, Wallace, Jr., Ed.; And Others

The purpose of this guide is to provide voters, officeholders, and candidates with background information on major foreign policy issues so that they can follow the 1980 presidential debates and reach their own informed conclusions. Thirteen major foreign policy topics are covered. The material is written in telegraphic style to get the essential…

Selected International Definitions about Young Students' Leisure Time: Theoretical and Practical Background in Poland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Janicka-Panek, Teresa

2017-01-01

Terms such as recreation, leisure, functions of spare time, physical hygiene, mental hygiene or forms of spare time are among the issues discussed in the branch of educational science. The majority of educationalists are convinced that the issue of active leisure should form part of the core curriculum and should be an objective of education in…

Policies and Practices on a Slippery Terrain: Lessons from Latin America and Africa in Educational Gender Equity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stromquist, Nelly P.

This paper compares and contrasts educational and gender experiences in Latin America and Africa. It provides a brief background for each area and addresses some commonly recognized issues, such as access to schooling and dropping out. The article discusses educational policies and examines some less-commonly recognized issues in higher education,…

Recognizing the Signs: What School Mental Health Professionals Can Do about Suicide and Self-Injury

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Christina

2009-01-01

In the everyday bustle of high school life, a student can have wounds--physical or emotional--that often go unnoticed. A lot of issues affect adolescents of all backgrounds. Two particularly serious issues among U.S. high school students are suicide and self-injury. This article discusses what school mental health professionals can do about…

District Decision-Makers' Considerations of Equity and Equality Related to Students' Opportunities to Learn Algebra

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herbel-Eisenmann, Beth A.; Keazer, Lindsay; Traynor, Anne

2018-01-01

Background/Context: In this article we explore equity issues related to school district decision-making about students' opportunities to learn algebra. We chose algebra because of the important role it plays in the U.S. as a gatekeeper to future academic success. Current research has not yet explored issues of equity in district-level…

Issues Related to Obtaining Intelligence Quotient-Matched Controls in Autism Research

PubMed Central

Rao, Vanitha S.; Raman, Vijaya; Mysore, Ashok V.

2015-01-01

Background: Intelligence Quotient (IQ) is considered to be an index of global cognitive functioning and has traditionally been used as a fulcral measure in case-control studies in neuro-developmental disorders such as autism. Aim: The aim is to highlight the issues of “matching for IQ” with controls in autism research. Materials and Methods: Percentile scores on the Coloured Progressive Matrices of 20 children with autism in the age range of 5 to 12 years have been graphically compared with 21 age matched typically developing children. Results and Conclusions: The percentile scores of the so-called high functioning children with autism from special schools were well below that of typically developing children. There are many challenges when using IQ in case-control studies of autism. Alternative approaches need to be considered. PMID:25969598

Ethical considerations in malaria research proposal review: empirical evidence from 114 proposals submitted to an Ethics Committee in Thailand.

PubMed

Adams, Pornpimon; Prakobtham, Sukanya; Limphattharacharoen, Chanthima; Vutikes, Pitchapa; Khusmith, Srisin; Pengsaa, Krisana; Wilairatana, Polrat; Kaewkungwal, Jaranit

2015-09-14

Malaria research is typically conducted in developing countries in areas of endemic disease. This raises specific ethical issues, including those related to local cultural concepts of health and disease, the educational background of study subjects, and principles of justice at the community and country level. Research Ethics Committees (RECs) are responsible for regulating the ethical conduct of research, but questions have been raised whether RECs facilitate or impede research, and about the quality of REC review itself. This study examines the review process for malaria research proposals submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Tropical Medicine at Mahidol University, Thailand. Proposals for all studies submitted for review from January 2010 to December 2014 were included. Individual REC members' reviewing forms were evaluated. Ethical issues (e.g., scientific merit, risk-benefit, sample size, or informed-consent) raised in the forms were counted and analysed according to characteristics, including study classification/design, use of specimens, study site, and study population. All 114 proposals submitted during the study period were analysed, comprising biomedical studies (17 %), drug trials (13 %), laboratory studies (24 %) and epidemiological studies (46 %). They included multi-site (13 %) and international studies (4 %), and those involving minority populations (28 %), children (17 %) and pregnant women (7 %). Drug trials had the highest proportion of questions raised for most ethical issues, while issues concerning privacy and confidentiality tended to be highest for laboratory and epidemiology studies. Clarifications on ethical issues were requested by the ethics committee more for proposals involving new specimen collection. Studies involving stored data and specimens tended to attract more issues around privacy and confidentiality. Proposals involving minority populations were more likely to raise issues than those that did not. Those involving vulnerable populations were more likely to attract concerns related to study rationale and design. This study stratified ethical issues raised in a broad spectrum of research proposals. The Faculty of Tropical Medicine at Mahidol University is a significant contributor to global malaria research output. The findings shed light on the ethical review process that may be useful for stakeholders, including researchers, RECs and sponsors, conducting malaria research in other endemic settings.

Navy TAO(X) Oiler Shipbuilding Program: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-17

Ingalls) and National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of General Dynamics (GD/NASSCO)—on the grounds that these are the only two shipbuilders that have...shipbuilding programs. Contracts for Trade Studies On July 3, 2013, the Navy awarded three shipbuilding firms—General Dynamics’ National Steel and...Industries (HII/Ingalls) and National Steel and Shipbuilding Company of General Dynamics (GD/NASSCO)—on the grounds that these are the only two

The myth of Jocasta and maternal narcissism.

PubMed

Butterfield, Ingrid

2012-04-01

This paper utilises the ancient Greek myth of Oedipus, and in particular the character's frequently overlooked mother Jocasta, to highlight some of the issues associated with maternal narcissism. A discussion of Jocasta forms the background to case studies where a mother's narcissism, along with an absent father, was pivotal to coping difficulties, which ultimately compelled the patient to seek therapy. Consideration of the Oedipus-Jocasta interpersonal dynamic can contribute to a greater understanding of these patients.

Health Care Financing In Iran; Is Privatization A Good Solution?

PubMed Central

Davari, M; Haycox, A; Walley, T

2012-01-01

Background: This paper considers a range of issues related to the financing of health care system and relevant government policies in Iran. Methods: This study used mixed methods. A systematic literature review was undertaken to identify relevant publications. This was supplemented by hand searching in books and journals, including government publications. The issues and uncertainties identified in the literature were explored in detail through semi-structured interviews with key informants. These were triangulated with empirical evidence in the form of the literature, government statistics and independent expert opinions to validate the views expressed in the interviews. Results: The systematic review of published literature showed that no previous publication has addressed issues relating to the financing of healthcare services in Iran. However, a range of opinion pieces outlined issues to be explored further in the interviews. Such issues summarised into four main categories. Conclusion: The health care market in Iran has faced a period in which financial issues have enhanced managerial complexity. Privatization of health care services would appear to be a step too far in assisting the system to confront its challenges at the current time. The most important step toward solving such challenges is to focus on a feasible, relevant and comprehensive policy, which optimises the use of health care resources in Iran. PMID:23113205