Parenting of Divorced Fathers and the Association with Children's Self-Esteem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bastaits, Kim; Ponnet, Koen; Mortelmans, Dimitri

2012-01-01

Research suggests that high parental support and control improves children's well-being. However, a large part of these studies have focused on the parenting of married parents. Research on parenting after a divorce, mainly has focused on parenting of divorced mothers, with few exceptions concentrating primarily on non-residential fathers.…

Resiliency-Based Research and Adolescent Health Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rink, Elizabeth; Tricker, Ray

2003-01-01

Over the past fifty years, research on adolescents' behavior has focused primarily on risk factors. The study of resiliency and what buffers adolescents from engaging in harmful health behaviors has received much less attention. This risk-focused approach has included examining what is lacking in a youth's life that may contribute to that youth's…

Are Teachers Who Need Sustained, Content-Focused Professional Development Getting It? An Administrator's Dilemma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Desimone, Laura M.; Smith, Thomas M.; Ueno, Koji

2006-01-01

Purpose: Policymakers and administrators are increasingly focusing on professional development as a means to improve teaching quality. In this study, the authors examine whether professional development in mathematics is primarily performing an educative function by addressing weak teacher preparation, or a catalytic function by serving mainly…

Motivators and deterrents to blood donation among Black South Africans: a qualitative analysis of focus group data.

PubMed

Muthivhi, T N; Olmsted, M G; Park, H; Sha, M; Raju, V; Mokoena, T; Bloch, E M; Murphy, E L; Reddy, R

2015-08-01

South Africa has a markedly skewed representation where the majority of blood (62%) is presently collected from an ethnically White minority. This study seeks to identify culturally specific factors affecting motivation of donors in South Africa. We performed a qualitative study to evaluate motivators and deterrents to blood donation among Black South Africans. A total of 13 focus groups, comprising a total of 97 Black South Africans, stratified by age and geographic location were conducted. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using a coding framework by Bednall & Bove. Participants made 463 unique comments about motivators focusing primarily on promotional communications (28%), incentives (20%) and prosocial motivation (16%). Participants made 376 comments about deterrents which focused primarily on fear (41%), negative attitudes (14%) and lack of knowledge (10%). Although prosocial motivation (altruism) was the most frequently mentioned individual motivator, promotional communication elicited more overall comments by participants. As reported by many authors, fear and lack of awareness were strong deterrents, but scepticism engendered by perceived racial discrimination in blood collection were unique to the South African environment. © 2015 British Blood Transfusion Society.

Attention and Material-Specific Memory in Children with Lateralized Epilepsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engle, Jennifer A.; Smith, Mary Lou

2010-01-01

Epilepsy is frequently associated with attention and memory problems. In adults, lateralization of seizure focus impacts the type of memory affected (left-sided lesions primarily impact verbal memory, while right-sided lesions primarily impact visual memory), but the relationship between seizure focus and the nature of the memory impairment is…

Understanding What an Individual Experiencing Work-Family Conflict Finds Helpful While in Counseling: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

d'Argent, Julie

2014-01-01

According to Aryee, Fields, and Luk (1999), work-family conflict has become a prevalent problem in society. Past research in this area has focused primarily on outcomes and predictors of work-family conflict. Although research found that work-family conflict often leads to mental health concerns, few studies have focused on the area of work-family…

Learning Time of Day and Students' Academic Achievement at School Certificate Level: A Case Study of Chibote Girls' Secondary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulenga, Henry M.; Mukuka, Angel

2016-01-01

A case study presented here is an investigation into whether time of day for instruction has an effect on students' academic achievement in Mathematics, Science, Biology and English at school certificate level by focusing on the grades candidates obtained after sitting for national examinations. The focus is primarily on 33 randomly selected…

Assessing Writing in Elementary Schools: Moving Away from a Focus on Mechanics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casey, Laura B.; Miller, Neal D.; Stockton, Michelle B.; Justice, William V.

2016-01-01

Many students struggle with writing; however, curriculum-based measures (CBM) of writing often use assessment criteria that focus primarily on mechanics. When academic development is assessed in this way, more complex aspects of a student's writing, such as the expression and development of ideas, may be neglected. The current study was a…

Ego Development and Parenting Style: A Developmental Framework for the Understanding of Maternal Attitudes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walcer, Carol S.

This paper reports a study of the influence of two parent education programs on mothers' personality processes as measured by the Loevinger Scale of Ego Development. Participating in either a Discussion Group program focusing primarily on the mother's needs or a Toy Demonstration program focusing mainly on the child, low income black mothers…

Fear of Success Theory and Librarians.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Rosann Webb; Eggleton, Richard

1980-01-01

Reports on a study to determine the relationships of such variables as age, race, sex, marital status, and work experience to the fear of the effects of success, focusing primarily on female librarians. (FM)

Dynamic real-time routing for evacuation response planning and execution.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-01-01

This study addresses the problem of dynamic routing operations in the emergency response context, primarily in terms : of the routing of response vehicles and evacuees. The study focuses on identifying the paths used for routing response : vehicles a...

Barriers to Care for Depressed Older People: Perceptions of Aged Care among Medical Professionals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCabe, Marita P.; Davison, Tanya; Mellor, David; George, Kuruvilla

2009-01-01

The current study evaluated barriers to detection of depression among older people. Focus groups were conducted with 21 professional carers, 4 nurses, 10 general practitioners, and 7 aged care managers. The results demonstrated that care for older people is primarily focused on physical care. Further, staff resources, a lack of continuity of care,…

"You Have Betrayed Us for a Little Dirty Money!" The Prague Spring as Seen by Primary School Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zounek, Jirí; Šimáne, Michal; Knotová, Dana

2018-01-01

This study focuses on the everyday operation of primary schools in Czechoslovakia during the so-called Prague Spring and the subsequent communist political clampdown after the invasion by the Warsaw Pact forces. The authors focus primarily on the experiences of teachers, how events in this complex period affected their professional lives, and how…

Motivators and deterrents to blood donation among Black South Africans: a qualitative analysis of focus group data

PubMed Central

Muthivhi, T. N.; Olmsted, M. G.; Park, H.; Sha, M.; Raju, V.; Mokoena, T.; Bloch, E. M.; Murphy, E. L.; Reddy, R.

2015-01-01

SUMMARY Background and Objectives South Africa has a markedly skewed representation where the majority of blood (62%) is presently collected from an ethnically White minority. This study seeks to identify culturally specific factors affecting motivation of donors in South Africa. Materials and Methods We performed a qualitative study to evaluate motivators and deterrents to blood donation among Black South Africans. A total of 13 focus groups, comprising a total of 97 Black South Africans, stratified by age and geographic location were conducted. Transcripts of the interviews were analysed using a coding framework by Bednall & Bove. Results Participants made 463 unique comments about motivators focusing primarily on promotional communications (28%), incentives (20%) and prosocial motivation (16%). Participants made 376 comments about deterrents which focused primarily on fear (41%), negative attitudes (14%) and lack of knowledge (10%). Conclusion Although prosocial motivation (altruism) was the most frequently mentioned individual motivator, promotional communication elicited more overall comments by participants. As reported by many authors, fear and lack of awareness were strong deterrents, but scepticism engendered by perceived racial discrimination in blood collection were unique to the South African environment. PMID:26104809

Air traffic control system baseline methodology guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-06-01

The Air Traffic Control System Baseline Methodology Guide serves as a reference in the design and conduct of baseline studies. : Engineering research psychologists are the intended audience for the Methodology Guide, which focuses primarily on techni...

MEASURING CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN STUDIES.

EPA Science Inventory

Biomonitoring of organophosphorous and carbamate pesticides has focused primarily on the inhibition of blood cholinesterase. Blood biomonitoring, however, can be invasive, time-consuming, and costly, especially in young children and infants. Therefore, saliva biomonitoring ha...

The Differential Effects of Two Types of Task Repetition on the Complexity, Accuracy, and Fluency in Computer-Mediated L2 Written Production: A Focus on Computer Anxiety

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amiryousefi, Mohammad

2016-01-01

Previous task repetition studies have primarily focused on how task repetition characteristics affect the complexity, accuracy, and fluency in L2 oral production with little attention to L2 written production. The main purpose of the study reported in this paper was to examine the effects of task repetition versus procedural repetition on the…

Methodological issues in studies of air pollution and reproductive health

EPA Science Inventory

In the past decade there have been an increasing number of scientific studies describing possible effects of air pollution on perinatal health. These papers have mostly focused on commonly monitored air pollutants, primarily ozone (O3), particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (S...

Creativity: Its Relationship to Single Parent Family Structure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Jeanne E.

The insecurities generated in children by stressful environmental changes can compromise their receptivity to learning and their attitude toward school. Studies examining divorce outcomes focus primarily on two cognitive indicators: achievement and intelligence. This study explored the relationship between creative thinking components and family…

Microbial community diversity in agroforestry and grass vegetative filter strips

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Vegetative filter strips (VFS) have long been promoted as a soil conservation practice that yields many additional environmental benefits. Most previous studies have focused primarily on the role of vegetation and/or soil physical properties in these ecosystem services. Few studies have investigated...

An Extensive Analysis of Preservice Elementary Teachers' Knowledge of Fractions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, Kristie Jones

2008-01-01

The study of preservice elementary teachers' knowledge of fractions is important because fractions are notoriously difficult to learn and teach. Unfortunately, studies of preservice teachers' fraction knowledge are limited and have focused primarily on division. The present study included all four operations to provide a more comprehensive…

Exploring the Position of Curriculum Studies across the Continuum of Teacher Education in Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Raymond; McCormack, Orla; Hennessy, Jennifer

2017-01-01

Curriculum, while often narrowly defined, is a contested space that stimulates continuing international debate, yet the importance of curriculum studies is frequently overlooked across the continuum of teacher education. Within the Irish context a technicist interpretation of curriculum studies, focusing primarily of subject knowledge and…

The Ecology of Study Areas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sommer, Robert

This project was conducted to determine the conditions that make a satisfying study environment in colleges and universities and to relay the findings to those who design and manage educational spaces. The investigation focused upon the process of studying and its relation to environmental setting, and data was primarily gathered through site…

Aspirations, Barriers, and Community Strengths: A Qualitative Survey of Urban Chicano Youth and Families. Occasional Paper No. 38. Latino Studies Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vera, Elizabeth M.

To initiate a primary prevention program in a Midwestern urban community consisting primarily of Chicanos, needs were assessed by conducting focus group meetings with school administrators, teachers, parents, and children in a public school setting. In each student focus group, 8-10 children were selected from a seventh-grade classroom, an…

Developing an Understanding of What Constitutes Mathematics Teacher Educator PCK: A Case Study of a Collaboration between Two Teacher Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muir, Tracey; Wells, Jill; Chick, Helen

2017-01-01

Previous research into the knowledge required for teaching has focused primarily on pre-service and in-service teachers' knowledge. What is less researched, however, is the role of the teacher educator in helping pre-service teachers (PSTs) develop the knowledge needed in order to teach mathematics to students. The focus thus shifts from examining…

Biobehavioral Outcomes Following Psychological Interventions for Cancer Patients

PubMed Central

Andersen, Barbara L.

2007-01-01

Psychological interventions for adult cancer patients have primarily focused on reducing stress and enhancing quality of life. However, there has been expanded focus on biobehavioral outcomes—health behaviors, compliance, biologic responses, and disease outcomes—consistent with the Biobehavioral Model of cancer stress and disease course. The author reviewed this expanded focus in quasi-experimental and experimental studies of psychological interventions, provided methodologic detail, summarized findings, and highlighted novel contributions. A final section discussed methodologic issues, research directions, and challenges for the coming decade. PMID:12090371

Transport, energy and environment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-12-01

The conference addressed economic and broader policy issues as well as technological perspectives. Further, focus was primarily on medium to long term aspects. The conference was primarily devoted to Euorpean issues, but papers were also addressing g...

"The Road Less Traveled": Combining Disability Studies and Quantitative Analysis with Medium and Large Data Sets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cosier, Meghan

2012-01-01

Historically, researchers focused on individuals with severe disabilities have utilized single-subject research methodologies to study the application of the behavioral theory to learning. In contrast, disability studies scholars have primarily used qualitative research methodologies to study quality of life or policy issues related to individuals…

Developing seamless connections in the urban transit network : a look toward high-speed rail interconnectivity.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-07-01

In the past, U.S. studies on high-speed rail (HSR) have focused primarily on the economic implications of high-speed rail development. Recently, however, studies have begun evaluating multimodal connectivity of HSR stations. The ways in which differe...

Relations between Teachers' Emotional Exhaustion and Students' Educational Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arens, A. Katrin; Morin, Alexandre J. S.

2016-01-01

Studies investigating the effects of emotional exhaustion among teachers have primarily focused on its relations with teacher-related outcome variables but little research has been done for examining its relations with student outcomes. Therefore, this study examines the relations between teachers' emotional exhaustion and educational outcomes…

A CBO Study: The Economics of Climate Change: A Primer

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-01

issues related to climate change , focusing primarily on its economic aspects. The study draws from numerous published sources to summarize the current...state of climate science and provide a conceptual framework for addressing climate change as an economic problem. It also examines public policy

The MSA: An Instrument for Measuring Motivation to Study Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Philip H.; Lawton, Leigh

2015-01-01

While there is a growing body of research on study abroad programs, as Li, Olson, and Frieze (2013) observed, "Research on study abroad has primarily focused on the effects or outcomes of study abroad participation on the students involved in these programs…Very limited attention has been devoted to studying factors affecting students'…

Children's Language Ideologies in a First-Grade Dual-Language Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez, Minda Morren

2012-01-01

This study explores the language ideologies of young children in a Spanish/English dual language programme in the USA. Recent studies of language ideologies in education have centred primarily on adults or older students, but this study focuses on young children from varied language backgrounds. By analysing discussions centred on children's…

Preparing the Next Generation for Electoral Engagement: Social Studies and the School Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callahan, Rebecca M.; Muller, Chandra; Schiller, Kathryn S.

2010-01-01

In an era of accountability focused primarily on academic outcomes, it may be useful to reconsider the other original aim of U.S. schools: citizenship development. Using longitudinal, nationally representative data (Adolescent Health and Academic Achievement Study [AHAA] and the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health [Add Health]), we…

Promoting Online Learner Self-Efficacy through Instructional Strategies and Course Supports

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Backs, Annette

2017-01-01

The purpose of this basic qualitative study was to examine online learner self-efficacy in terms of instructional strategies and course supports. Prior studies have focused primarily on factors within learners (e.g., motivation, satisfaction, achievement). The current study, with a foundation in adult learning theory, bridged the gap between…

Stainless steel blanket concept for tokamaks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Karbowski, J.S.; Lee, A.Y.; Prevenslik, T.V.

1979-01-25

The purpose of this joint ORNL/Westinghouse Program is to develop a design concept for a tokamak reactor blanket system which satisfies engineering requirements for a utility environment. While previous blanket studies have focused primarily on performance issues (thermal, neutronic, and structural), this study has emphasized consideration of reliability, fabricability, and lifetime.

Peace Studies, the Gulf War, and Peace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephenson, Carolyn M.

1991-01-01

Peace studies, as an academic discipline, dates back to the 1950s, when the field was characterized primarily by research. The 1970s brought a focus on undergraduate education. In the 1980s, a third wave brought the field into a prominence that allows it to challenge the Gulf War. (SLD)

Inclusive Policy and Exclusionary Practice in Secondary Education in Wales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Selleck, Charlotte L. R.

2013-01-01

This article reports on a study of two contrasting secondary schools, serving the same "community" in south-west Wales; a bilingual school (Welsh and English) and an English-medium school (English only). Data were gathered using ethnographic methods, with this study focusing primarily on data elicited through "ethnographic…

Gender-Role Conditioning and Women's Self-Concept.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Vonda O.

While current research is beginning to suggest that it is masculinity that correlates with mental health, results are inconclusive and studies have primarily focused on limited measures of mental health. This study incorporated multiple measures of self-concept in an analysis of the relationship between sex-role orientation and mental health of…

Credentialism: Partners for Business Education. Working Papers of Planning and Development Research 90-6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Protz, Maria

This study examined the current value of credentialism, extending the findings of an earlier report, "Business Training: Content, Enrollment and Delivery." The study acknowledged the distinction between various types of credentials, but focused primarily on professional business certification and investigated the potential for TVOntario…

Project-Based Learning and Student Knowledge Construction during Asynchronous Online Discussion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koh, Joyce Hwee Ling; Herring, Susan C.; Hew, Khe Foon

2010-01-01

Project-based learning engages students in problem solving through artefact design. However, previous studies of online project-based learning have focused primarily on the dynamics of online collaboration; students' knowledge construction throughout this process has not been examined thoroughly. This case study analyzed the relationship between…

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Asian American Families: Challenges in Assessment and Treatment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pham, Andy V.

2013-01-01

Studies addressing assessment and treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have primarily been focused on Caucasian populations, although a growing number of studies have included ethnic minority populations, particularly Hispanic and African American children. Findings regarding the relationship between ADHD diagnosis and race…

Origin of Chlorobenzene Detected by the Curiosity Rover in Yellowknife Bay: Evidence for Martian Organics in the Sheepbed Mudstone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glavin, D.; Freissnet, C.; Eigenbrode, J.; Miller, K.; Martin, M.; Summons, R. E.; Steele, A.; Archer, D.; Brunner, A.; Buch, A.;

Perspectives on Using Video Recordings in Conversation Analytical Studies on Learning in Interaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rusk, Fredrik; Pörn, Michaela; Sahlström, Fritjof; Slotte-Lüttge, Anna

2015-01-01

Video is currently used in many studies to document the interaction in conversation analytical (CA) studies on learning. The discussion on the method used in these studies has primarily focused on the analysis or the data construction, whereas the relation between data construction and analysis is rarely brought to attention. The aim of this…

Methods for the Joint Meta-Analysis of Multiple Tests

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trikalinos, Thomas A.; Hoaglin, David C.; Small, Kevin M.; Terrin, Norma; Schmid, Christopher H.

2014-01-01

Existing methods for meta-analysis of diagnostic test accuracy focus primarily on a single index test. We propose models for the joint meta-analysis of studies comparing multiple index tests on the same participants in paired designs. These models respect the grouping of data by studies, account for the within-study correlation between the tests'…

"The Eyes of the Power Company": Workplace Information Practices of a Vault Inspector

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veinot, Tiffany C.

2007-01-01

To date, LIS studies of workplace information practices have primarily focused on occupations that require a university education, and, consequently, little is known about the information practices of blue-collar workers. This study uses a qualitative case study approach to examine the workplace information practices of a blue-collar worker--a…

Business Students' Choice of Short-Term or Long-Term Study Abroad Opportunities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzsimmons, Stacey R.; Flanagan, David J.; Wang, Xiaodan

2013-01-01

Recent years have seen a proliferation of short-term study abroad opportunities. Although they are both supplementing and replacing semester-long study abroad programs, research has focused primarily on semester (long-term) programs. We draw on the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to explore factors that predict why students choose long-term and…

Museum Signage as Distributed Mediation to Encourage Family Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Kyungyoun

2009-01-01

Many prior studies conducted in museums have focused primarily on exhibits as the main objects for learning. Less progress has been made in studying signage as another meaning-making tool in museums. The present study was designed to understand the role of signage in family learning by answering the following research questions, "How does signage…

Theories and Applications of Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs): The Case for Hybrid Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anders, Abram

2015-01-01

Initial studies of learning in massive open online courses (MOOCs) primarily focused on participation patterns and participant experiences. More recently, research has addressed learning theories and offered case studies of different pedagogical designs for MOOCs. Based on a meta-analysis and synthesis of the research literature, this study…

Learning Community and Nonlearning Community Students in a Midwestern Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laanan, Frankie Santos; Jackson, Dimitra Lynette; Stebleton, Michael J.

2013-01-01

The research on learning communities has focused primarily on students at four-year colleges and universities. There is a dearth of studies that examine learning communities in community colleges. The purpose of this comparative study was to conduct an analysis of learning community and nonlearning community students in a community college located…

A multi-ethnic comparison of perceptions of forest recreation service quality

Treesearch

Chieh-Lu Li; James D. Absher; Harry C. Zinn; Alan R. Graefe; Garry E. Chick

2010-01-01

This study examines perceptions of service quality on an ethnically diverse national forest adjacent to a large metropolitan area, specifically looking for differences among whites, Hispanics, and Asians. Published studies of recreation and ethnicity have focused primarily on activity participation rates and patterns. The literature contains few cross–cultural...

Making a Traditional Study-Abroad Program Geographic: A Theoretically Informed Regional Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jokisch, Brad

2009-01-01

Geographers have been active in numerous focused study-abroad programs, but few have created or led language-based programs overseas. This article describes the development of a Spanish language program in Ecuador and how it was made geographic primarily through a theoretically informed regional geography course. The approach employs theoretical…

Toward a Successful Translation of the "Reduced" Anadiplosis in the Quranic Verses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Essam, Bacem A.

2014-01-01

This study investigates the use of anadiplosis in both English and Arabic. It focuses primarily on outlining and defining the so-called "reduced" anadiplosis in some Quranic verses. The study investigates, too, the most popular English translations of them, highlighting the mismatches between the original holy text and its translations.…

Heroes and Holidays: The Status of Diversity Initiatives at Liberal Arts College Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, Julie

2016-01-01

Studies about diversity initiatives in academic libraries have primarily focused on large research libraries. But what kinds of diversity work occur at smaller libraries? This study examines the status of diversity initiatives, especially those aimed at students, at national liberal arts college libraries. Results from a survey of library…

Deep Reading: Building a Schematic Bridge across World Mythology and Multicultural Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allender, Dale

2002-01-01

The study of mythology that passes on stories is cultural reproduction. By focusing primarily on classical Greek and Roman mythology, teachers handicap students' ability to enter into dialogue about more diverse literature, thus limiting their ability to live more fully in today's diverse, multicultural world. A bibliographic case study of the…

Sex, Career and Family: Including an International Review of Women's Roles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fogarty, Michael P.; And Others

Although concerned primarily with women in top jobs, the study also extends to women's opportunities in professional and managerial positions. It also focuses on the general pattern of relationships between men and women. Examining the special problem of women's promotion to top jobs, Part 1 studies the discrepancy between women's contribution to…

Weaving Web 2.0 and the Writing Process with Feminist Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhao, Ruijie

2010-01-01

This dissertation, as a theoretical study, focused on how Web 2.0 technology potentially helps students gain power, knowledge, and agency in the networked learning environment and how feminist pedagogy conceivably facilitates the implementation of Web 2.0 technology to produce an opportune learning environment. Primarily, this study used feminist…

Marking and Feedback Provision on Essay-Based Coursework: A Process Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tomas, Carmen

2014-01-01

Research on the marking process has focused mainly on judgement and strategy use. Previous studies have depicted the marking process as a monolithic sequence of marking single scripts, and primarily in examination marking contexts. The present study investigated the marking process encompassing aspects relatively neglected in previous research:…

Coping Power Dissemination Study: Intervention and Special Education Effects on Academic Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lochman, John E.; Boxmeyer, Caroline L.; Powell, Nicole P.; Qu, Lixin; Wells, Karen; Windle, Michael

2012-01-01

This study examines whether a school-based preventive intervention for children with aggressive behavior affects children's academic outcomes when it is implemented by school counselors in a dissemination field trial. The Coping Power program targets empirical risk factors for aggressive behavior and focuses primarily on teaching social and…

Developmental and Autism Screening: A Survey across Six States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arunyanart, Wirongrong; Fenick, Ada; Ukritchon, Supak; Imjaijitt, Worarachanee; Northrup, Veronika; Weitzman, Carol

2012-01-01

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends screening children for developmental delay and autism. Studies of current screening practice to date have been limited in scope and primarily focused on small, local samples. This study is designed to determine compliance with AAP screening recommendations: (1) developmental screening at 9, 18,…

Tumorous diseases of turkeys - an update

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This update is primarily focused on addressing various aspects of virus-induced tumorous diseases of turkeys including review of current methods for diagnosis and control of these diseases of turkeys. Virus-induced tumorous diseases of turkeys are caused primarily by retroviruses, namely reticuloend...

Orchestrating Semiotic Resources in Explicit Strategy Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shanahan, Lynn E.; Flury-Kashmanian, Caroline

2014-01-01

Research and pedagogical information provided to teachers on implementing explicit strategy instruction has primarily focused on teachers' speech, with limited attention to other modes of communication, such as gesture and artefacts. This interpretive case study investigates two teachers' use of different semiotic resources when introducing…

Consistency of Students' Ideas across Evaporation, Condensation, and Boiling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirbulut, Zubeyde Demet; Beeth, Michael Edward

2013-01-01

Existing research on students' conceptions contain competing philosophical positions concerning the nature of students' ideas--whether those ideas are coherent, systematic and theory-like, or fragmented and incoherent. Existing research has also focused primarily on studies of individual conceptions rather than investigating multiple, related…

Wisconsin District Case Study. A Report and Estimating Tool for K-12 School Districts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Consortium for School Networking, 2004

2004-01-01

The Wisconsin case study school district is primarily urban and growing with 21,500 students on 40 campuses. This document contains case studies that are presented in the same format at the 2003 studies, but also have a focus on additional technologies beyond the base distributed computing model. These new technologies are voice/data integration,…

Study of IEMP Effects on IC Operational Amplifier Circuits

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-10

plasma focus to study their IEMP responses with and without superposition of TREE responses. The 30-kJ plasma focus device produced photons primarily in the 8- to 100-keV range with pulse widths typically in the range of 10 to 15 nsec. Pulses of electrons were also deposited on the external leads of the operational amplifiers to determine the characteristic responses. These units were operated in circuits with closed-loop gains ranging from 5 to 100. During direct irradiation of the operational amplifiers, it was found that the IEMP responses (caused

Illustrating Praxis: Comic Composition, Narrative Rhetoric, and Critical Multiliteracies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comer, Kathryn

2015-01-01

Thus far, pedagogical discussions about comics in the college classroom have focused primarily on "reading," with less attention paid to the complementary potential of "composing" comics. This essay advocates using narrative theory alongside comic studies to provide students and teachers with a flexible, transferable vocabulary…

Interpreters, Interpreting, and the Study of Bilingualism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valdes, Guadalupe; Angelelli, Claudia

2003-01-01

Discusses research on interpreting focused specifically on issues raised by this literature about the nature of bilingualism. Suggests research carried out on interpreting--while primarily produced with a professional audience in mind and concerned with improving the practice of interpreting--provides valuable insights about complex aspects of…

Integrated arterial and freeway operation control strategies for IVHS advanced traffic management systems : research report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1998-09-01

The main focus of this study is congestion, primarily that occurring on freeway corridors in metropolitan areas. Lack of coordination in the operation of various components of the system is often a major source of inefficiency, : resulting in greater...

Know-Who? Linking Faculty's Networks to Stages of Instructional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Waes, Sara; Van den Bossche, Piet; Moolenaar, Nienke M.; De Maeyer, Sven; Van Petegem, Peter

2015-01-01

Research into faculty members' instructional development has primarily focused on individual skills and knowledge. As collegial interactions may support or constrain faculty's professional development in higher education, this study compared and contrasted the networks of faculty members in different stages of instructional development (novice,…

Forming a Learning Culture to Promote Fracture Prevention Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hjalmarson, Helene V.; Strandmark, Margaretha

2012-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to explore interprofessional experiences of incorporating fracture prevention activities in clinical practice inspired by an empowerment approach. Design/methodology/approach: Data collection consisted primarily of focus groups interviews, systematized and analyzed by the grounded theory method. The study took…

Leaf ontogeny strongly influences photosynthetic tolerance to drought and high temperature in Gossypium hirsutum

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Temperature and drought are major abiotic limitations to crop productivity worldwide. While abiotic stress physiology research has focused primarily on fully expanded leaves, no studies have investigated photosynthetic tolerance to concurrent drought and high temperature during leaf ontogeny. To add...

"Our Family Business Was Education": Professional Socialization among Intergenerational African-American Teaching Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dingus, Jeannine E.

2008-01-01

Teacher socialization is primarily examined as an institutional-based phenomenon, with particular focus on individuals' PK-12 schooling experiences, teacher education programs, or workplace-based socialization. This study situates professional socialization experiences of African-American teachers within teaching families, examining how culturally…

Serving future transportation needs : succession planning for a state department of transportation organization, its people & mission.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

This project will examine the employment of people who accomplish the work of the Department of Transportation & Public Facilities : (AKDOT&PF) those who will serve the future transportation needs of Alaska. The study will focus primarily on prof...

Professional Identity Development of Counselor Education Doctoral Students: A Qualitative Investigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Limberg, Dodie; Bell, Hope; Super, John T.; Jacobson, Lamerial; Fox, Jesse; DePue, M. Kristina; Christmas, Chris; Young, Mark E.; Lambie, Glenn W.

2013-01-01

The professional identity of a counselor educator develops primarily during the individual's doctoral preparation program. This study employed consensual qualitative research methodology to examine the phenomenon of professional identity development in counselor education doctoral students (CEDS) in a cohort model. Cross-sectional focus groups…

Harvesting the Ocean: 2. The Harvest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caton, Albert, Ed.; And Others

This booklet contains the second in a series of three interdisciplinary units which focus specifically on the Pacific Ocean and its surrounding countries. The unit, intended primarily for lower to middle secondary level, consists of readings and interdisciplinary activities (science, art, social studies, English, and home economics) presented in…

Impact of alcohol on lane placement and glance patterns when passing a parked active law enforcement vehicle.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-10-01

For this project, researchers used an existing dataset from a previous research effort to investigate the moth effect : theory, where it is believed that drivers drift toward bright lights. While the previous research study primarily : focused on sig...

The NASA research and technology program on batteries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bennett, Gary L.

1990-01-01

The NASA research and technology program on batteries is being carried out within the Propulsion, Power and Energy Division (Code RP) of NASA's Office of Aeronautics, Exploration and Technology (OAET). The program includes development of high-performance, long-life, cost-effective primary and secondary (rechargeable) batteries. The NASA OAET battery program is being carried out at Lewis Research Center (LeRC) and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). LeRC is focusing primarily on nickel-hydrogen batteries (both individual pressure vessel or IPV and bipolar). LeRC is also involved in a planned flight experiment to test a sodium-sulfur battery design. JPL is focusing primarily on lithium rechargeable batteries, having successfully transferred its lithium primary battery technology to the U.S. Air Force for use on the Centaur upper stage. Both LeRC and JPL are studying advanced battery concepts that offer even higher specific energies. The long-term goal is to achieve 100 Wh/kg.

Multicultural Music Represented in Current Elementary Music Textbooks: A Comparative Study of Two Published Music Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mason, Emily

2010-01-01

Research investigating music textbook series is limited and has primarily focused on series no longer in publication, on two grade levels, and/or on limited cultures. The purpose of this study is to examine what countries are and have been represented in current music textbook series. Additional questions in the study pertain to frequency and…

The Methodological Socialization of Social Science Doctoral Students in China and the USA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhoads, Robert A.; Zheng, Mi; Sun, Xiaoyang

2017-01-01

This qualitative study reports findings from a comparative analysis of the methodological socialization of doctoral students in the social sciences at two universities: one in China and one in the USA. Relying primarily on theories of organizational socialization, the study focuses on formal and informal processes students report as part of…

Mainstream Teachers' Implicit Beliefs about English Language Learners: An Implicit Association Test Study of Teacher Beliefs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrison, Jamie; Lakin, Joni

2018-01-01

Teacher attitudes toward inclusion of English Learners (ELs) in the mainstream classroom have primarily focused on explicit beliefs as accessed through observation, case studies, and self-report surveys. The authors explore implicit mainstream teacher beliefs about ELs using the newly created Implicit Association Test-EL, with correlations to…

Conduct Disorder Symptoms and Subsequent Pregnancy, Child-Birth and Abortion: A Population-Based Longitudinal Study of Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pedersen, Willy; Mastekaasa, Arne

2011-01-01

Research on teenage pregnancy and abortion has primarily focused on socio-economic disadvantage. However, a few studies suggest that risk of unwanted pregnancy is related to conduct disorder symptoms. We examined the relationship between level of conduct disorder symptoms at age 15 and subsequent pregnancy, child-birth and abortion. A…

A Relationship Study on Retention among Traditional and Non-Traditional Students in Select North Carolina Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harpe, J. Michael

2010-01-01

Student retention has become one of the most significant issues facing higher education. Countless hours and considerable amounts of money have been spent in an attempt to determine why some students leave college and while others persist. Previous retention studies have focused primarily on traditional students from four-year, residential…

The Early Careers of Non-College-Bound Men.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grogger, Jeff

Data drawn from the Sophomore Cohort of the High School and Beyond study, also known as the Class of 1982 data, were studied to provide baseline data on the early careers of noncollege-bound (NCB) men. The analysis used data primarily from two post-high school interviews in 1984 and 1986. This report also focuses on restaurant employment, an…

A Nationwide Population-Based Approach to Study Health-Related and Psychosocial Aspects of Neurofibromatosis Type 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-31

the relatively narrow focus on Wechsler’s IQ test (WAIS-IV) – a test chosen primarily due to budget constraints. Thus, to meet the requests from the...consultants allows us to re-allocate financial resources to address the limitations of our study 7 raised by the reviewers. Jens Richardt Møllegaard

Knowledge Work: The Rise of the Office Economy. Full Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doyle, Leonie; Kurth, Brian; Kerr, Ella

The rise of the office economy and its impact on vocational education and training (VET) in Australia were examined by replicating the methodology used in Carnevale and Rose's U.S. study on the impact of the new office economy. Both studies took a functional approach to analyzing economic activities and the work force and focused primarily on…

Women in the 90's: Are They Publishing or Perishing in the NCA Journals?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pledger, Linda M.; Standerfer, Christina

A study focused primarily on determining whether women and men are being published at equal rates in the leading journals of the National Communication Association (NCA). The study also examined whether: females publish more in a particular area or journal; mixed-sex collaboration is as prevalent as same-sex collaboration; female scholars produce…

A Study of the Vestiges of Studio Classroom Projects in Two Middle School Mathematics Departments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordquist, Lora

2010-01-01

Lesson study, a form of school-based professional development widely practiced in Japan, has gained popularity in the United States over the last two decades. However, research on its effectiveness has been limited in scope, typically conducted shortly after the conclusion of the professional learning and focused primarily on the practices of…

Learning to Teach with the Web: Factors Influencing Teacher Education Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Michael M.

2004-01-01

Professional development at postsecondary institutions has primarily been supported through a central faculty development center. With purposive sampling, this small case study explored the ways in which teacher education faculty members were influenced to participate in decentralized professional development focused on learning to teach with…

Does Sexuality Education Make a Difference?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newcomer, Susan F.

The pros and cons of sexuality education are discussed in this report from Planned Parenthood. Research on the effectiveness of sexuality education has focused primarily on college students, having little relevance for teenage sexuality education. The Kirby report, two studies of the effects of sexuality education on teenagers' attitudes,…

Undocumented and Unafraid: Understanding the Disclosure Management Process for Undocumented College Students and Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muñoz, Susana M.

2016-01-01

Previous qualitative studies on undocumented college students have primarily focused on their lived experiences; however, little research has been done to consider the disclosure process or identity management for undocumented students, particularly students who self-identify as "undocumented and unafraid." Using research on legal…

Advances in Families and Health Research in the 21st Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carr, Deborah; Springer, Kristen W.

2010-01-01

We review research on families and health published between 2000 and 2009 and highlight key themes and findings from innovative, methodologically rigorous studies. Whereas research in prior decades focused primarily on whether family structure affects child and adult health, contemporary research examines the contextual and processual factors that…

Serving future transportation needs : succession planning for a state department of transportation organization, its people & mission. [Executive summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-06-01

This project will examine the employment of people who accomplish the work of the Department of Transportation & Public Facilities : (AKDOT&PF) those who will serve the future transportation needs of Alaska. The study will focus primarily on prof...

Expanding the Parameters of Academia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitchurch, Celia

2012-01-01

This paper draws on qualitative data gathered from two studies funded by the UK Leadership Foundation for Higher Education to examine the expansion of academic identities in higher education. It builds on Whitchurch's earlier work, which focused primarily on professional staff, to suggest that the emergence of broadly based projects such as…

Digital Game-Based Learning Supports Student Motivation, Cognitive Success, and Performance Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woo, Jeng-Chung

2014-01-01

Traditional multimedia learning is primarily based on the cognitive load concept of information processing theory. Recent digital game-based learning (DGBL) studies have focused on exploring content support for learning motivation and related game characteristics. Motivation, volition, and performance (MVP) theory indicates that cognitive load and…

From the Floor: Raising Child Care Salaries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitebook, Marcy; And Others

The comprehensive National Child Care Staffing Study confirmed that American children are in jeopardy because their teachers are poorly compensated and minimally trained. An increasing number of local and state efforts have begun to face this crisis head-on. This booklet reviews these efforts, focusing primarily on strategies for raising salaries.…

The Gatekeepers of Business Education Research: An Institutional Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Urbancic, Frank R.

2011-01-01

The author ranked the academic standing of universities based on faculty representation to the editorial boards of business education journals. Previous studies that ranked institutions for editorial board representation focused on journals that primarily favor publication of basic and applied research contributions. As a result, prior research…

Students' Perceptions of Good Citizenship: A Person-Centred Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reichert, Frank

2016-01-01

It is commonly understood that democracies need actively engaged democrats and that adolescence is a significant period in life for educating engaged citizens. Whereas previous quantitative studies in the field have primarily focused on the relationships among participation-related variables, the research reported here aims to categorize secondary…

Children's Developing Understanding of Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mawson, Brent

2010-01-01

The issue of children's conceptions of technology and technology education is seen as important by technology educators. While there is a solid body of literature that documents groups of children's understandings of technology and technology education, this is primarily focused on snapshot studies of children aged 11 and above. There is little…

Interventions Designed To Promote Parent-Teen Communication about Sexuality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirby, Douglas; Miller, Brent C.

2002-01-01

Describes different approaches used to increase parent-child communication about sexuality and summarizes studies that have measured their impact. Focuses primarily on the impact of programs on parent-child communication, but also summarizes the limited research on the impact of such programs on adolescent sexual behavior, or on other determinants…

Learning from Other People in the Workplace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eraut, Michael

2007-01-01

This paper draws primarily on an ESRC-TLRP longitudinal study of early career professional learning, which focused on the first three years of employment of newly qualified nurses, graduate engineers seeking chartered status and trainee chartered accountants. The first section introduces the theoretical and methodological base provided by previous…

Quantitative Measurement of Critical Thinking Skills in Novice and Experienced Physical Therapists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mulhall, Michele L.

2011-01-01

Critical thinking skills (CTS) have been emphasized in educational curricula and professional development of physical therapists. Studies assessing the measurement and development of CTS in healthcare professionals have primarily focused on students enrolled in professional phases of allied health educational programs. Despite the breadth of…

Mass Deacidification: An Update on Possibilities and Limitations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porck, Henk J.

This report provides an update of the possibilities and limitations of currently available mass deacidification methods, focusing on the major developments in research and application of the main operational systems. This study is intended primarily to support the development of a well-considered preservation policy by librarians and archivists,…

Advancing K-8 Teachers' STEM Education for Teaching Interdisciplinary Science and Mathematics with Technologies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niess, Margaret; Gillow-Wiles, Henry

2013-01-01

This primarily online Master's degree program focused on advancing K-8 teachers' interdisciplinary mathematical and science content knowledge while integrating appropriate digital technologies as learning and teaching tools. The mixed-method, interpretive study examined in-service teachers' technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK)…

Dissection of additive, dominance, and imprinting effects for production and reproduction traits in Holstein cattle

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Although genome-wide association and genomic selection studies have primarily focused on additive effects, dominance and imprinting effects play an important role in mammalian biology and development. The degree to which these non-additive genetic effects contribute to phenotypic variation and wheth...

Adolescent Steroid Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Inspector General (DHHS), Washington, DC.

The study focused on non-medical steroid use by adolescents according to data obtained from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, professional literature, 30 key informants knowledgeable in steroid issues, and 72 current or former steroid users. The findings indicated: (1) over 250,000 adolescents, primarily males, used or have used steroids, and…

Harvesting the Ocean: 3. Using the Sea Wisely.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caton, Albert, Ed.; And Others

This booklet contains the third in a series of three interdisciplinary units which focus specifically on the Pacific Ocean and its surrounding countries. The unit, intended primarily for upper secondary students, consists of readings and interdisciplinary activities (science, art, social studies, English, and home economics) presented in four…

INTRODUCTION: INHALATION EXPOSURE AND SYSTEMIC IMMUNOTOXICITY: MECHANISMS LINKING THE LUNG AND IMMUNE SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

Concerns regarding inhaled compounds, immune suppression and increased risk of disease have focused primarily on suppression of local immune responses in the lung and susceptibility to respiratory infections. However, a number of studies have shown that both gaseous (O3, NO2)...

Hope or Despair? Learning in Pakistan's Primary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warwick, Donald P.; Reimers, Fernando

This book reports on the research findings of the Pakistan Study, a collaboration between the Harvard Institute for International Development and other organizations in Pakistan. The focus is primarily on what affects student learning in Pakistan's government-sponsored primary schools. Chapter 1 discusses primary schools in Pakistan and the…

Demography of Disadvantage in Tennessee.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Lewis W., Comp.; And Others

In this report, demography conceptualizes significant characteristics to serve as a basis for more intensive study, planning, and procedures focusing on the target group. A compilation of the latest reports available and primarily tabular in form, identifies and locates Tennessee's disadvantaged people, ranking the 95 counties on each of 8…

Contextual Antecedents of Identity Development in an Adventure Recreation Setting: A Qualitative Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duerden, Mat D.; Taniguchi, Stacy; Widmer, Mark

2011-01-01

Researchers have focused primarily on the processes and outcomes associated with adolescent identity development. Less is known about the interpersonal and contextual elements that facilitate the identity formation process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to qualitatively investigate a structured recreation context that had been…

Visual Cues and Perceived Reachability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gabbard, Carl; Ammar, Diala

2005-01-01

A rather consistent finding in studies of perceived (imagined) compared to actual movement in a reaching paradigm is the tendency to overestimate at midline. Explanations of such behavior have focused primarily on perceptions of postural constraints and the notion that individuals calibrate reachability in reference to multiple degrees of freedom,…

Source and Influence: A Comparative Approach to African Religion and Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanneh, Lamin

The importance of studying the primary context of the relationship between "source" and "influence" in a comparative science of religion and culture is emphasized throughout this article. Focusing primarily on the situation in Muslim and Christian Africa, the article distinguishes between in-coming "sources" and…

Values in the Net Neutrality Debate: Applying Content Analysis to Testimonies from Public Hearings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheng, An-Shou

2012-01-01

The Net neutrality debate is an important telecommunications policy issue that closely tied to technological innovation, economic development, and information access. Existing studies on Net neutrality have focused primarily on technological requirements, economic analysis, and regulatory justifications. Since values, technology, and policy are…

Leading Change with Slogans: Border University in Transition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzales, Leslie D.; Pacheco, Arturo

2012-01-01

In this study, the authors problematize the use of slogans when it comes to leading major organizational change. Specifically, they outline the slogans that Border University leaders used to explain and justify the university's transition from a regional, primarily teaching-focused university to an aspiring nationally recognized, Tier One research…

A Virtual Commitment: Disability Services Information on Public Community College Websites

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Dimitra Lynette; Jones, Stephanie J.

2014-01-01

The research on students with disabilities has focused primarily on transition programs and the accessibility of information in the classroom environment. There is a dearth of studies that examine the accessibility of disability services information on community college websites for prospective students with disabilities. A researcher-developed…

Age-Related Differences in Academic Burnout of Korean Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jayoung; Puig, Ana; Lea, Eunkyoung; Lee, Sang Min

2013-01-01

Korean adolescents experience considerable stress because of an educational system that focuses primarily on college entrance examinations, pressure for academic achievement, and a competitive atmosphere in school. The main purpose of this study was to explore age differences in the construct of Korean adolescents' academic burnout. Once…

Teaching High-Expectation Strategies to Teachers through an Intervention Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDonald, Lyn; Flint, Annaline; Rubie-Davies, Christine M.; Peterson, Elizabeth R.; Watson, Penny; Garrett, Lynda

2016-01-01

This study describes the outcomes of an intervention focused on the strategies and practices of high-expectation teachers. Specifically, the intervention involved 84 teachers who were randomly assigned to control and intervention groups. The research methodology was primarily qualitative, grounded in the interpretive tradition. Data collected from…

Profiles of Partnerships between Tribal Education Departments and Local Education Agencies. REL 2012-No. 137

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beesley, Andrea D.; Shebby, Susan; Mackety, Dawn; Rainey, Jesse; Cicchinelli, Louis F.; Cherasaro, Trudy

2012-01-01

This study examines nine voluntary working relationships or partnerships between tribal education departments (TEDs) and local education agencies supporting American Indian students. Individual profiles describe how each partnership works, focusing primarily on collaborative activities intended to improve education outcomes for American Indian…

Cultural Assets and Substance Use among Hispanic Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ma, Mindy; Malcolm, Lydia R.; Díaz-Albertini, Kristine; Sánchez, Juan Carlos; Simpson, Brett; Cortes, Lissette; Kibler, Jeffrey L.

2017-01-01

Research on cultural factors and substance use among Hispanic adolescents has focused primarily on acculturation, while specific core Hispanic values and attributes have received minimal attention. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between traditional Hispanic cultural assets and substance use among adolescents. A…

A User Study on Tactile Graphic Generation Methods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krufka, S. E.; Barner, K. E.

2006-01-01

Methods to automatically convert graphics into tactile representations have been recently investigated, creating either raised-line or relief images. In particular, we briefly review one raised-line method where important features are emphasized. This paper focuses primarily on the effects of such emphasis and on comparing both raised-line and…

Incremental Bayesian Category Learning from Natural Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frermann, Lea; Lapata, Mirella

2016-01-01

Models of category learning have been extensively studied in cognitive science and primarily tested on perceptual abstractions or artificial stimuli. In this paper, we focus on categories acquired from natural language stimuli, that is, words (e.g., "chair" is a member of the furniture category). We present a Bayesian model that, unlike…

Online Collaboration for Programming: Assessing Students' Cognitive Abilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Othman, Mahfudzah; Muhd Zain, Nurzaid

2015-01-01

This study is primarily focused on assessing the students' logical thinking and cognitive levels in an online collaborative environment. The aim is to investigate whether the online collaboration has significant impact to the students' cognitive abilities. The assessment of the logical thinking involved the use of the online Group Assessment…

Patch burn grazing management and grassland bird habitat in shortgrass steppe

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Combining prescribed fire and grazing management has been recommended as a tool to generate a heterogeneous vegetation mosaic for grassland birds. Past studies addressing this interaction of fire and grazing have primarily focused on tallgrass prairies of the eastern Great Plains, while less is know...

Emerging Understanding of Patterning in 4-Year-Olds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rittle-Johnson, Bethany; Fyfe, Emily R.; McLean, Laura E.; McEldoon, Katherine L.

2013-01-01

Young children have an impressive amount of mathematics knowledge, but past psychological research has focused primarily on their number knowledge. Preschoolers also spontaneously engage in a form of early algebraic thinking-patterning. In the current study, we assessed 4-year-old children's knowledge of repeating patterns on two occasions…

Leadership Characteristics of Workforce Development Administrators in Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lebesch, Anna Marie

2011-01-01

The community college environment is a complex and ever-changing system that requires effective leadership. The leadership characteristics in community colleges have been investigated substantially with studies primarily focused on the presidency and the pathway of the traditional academic pipeline. But as community colleges have struggled to do…

Transition to Postsecondary Education: A Call for Evidence-Based Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Stan F.; Dukes, Lyman L., III

2013-01-01

Transition policy and programs have primarily focused on preparing students with disabilities for employment. Public policy over the last three decades has gradually broadened to include increasing emphasis on transition to postsecondary education. To date, the literature has primarily addressed matters related to demographics, legislation and…

Information about Student Enrollment, College Staff and the Budget.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA. Office of Institutional Development.

Consisting primarily of charts and tables, this report provides historical data on student enrollment, college staff, and the budget at California's College of the Canyons, focusing primarily on the period from 1990-94. The first section provides tables on student enrollment, including total headcount; enrollment by gender, age group,…

[Focused ultrasound therapy: current status and potential applications in neurosurgery].

PubMed

Dervishi, E; Aubry, J-F; Delattre, J-Y; Boch, A-L

2013-12-01

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) therapy is an innovative approach for tissue ablation, based on high intensity focused ultrasound beams. At the focus, HIFU induces a temperature elevation and the tissue can be thermally destroyed. In fact, this approach has been tested in a number of clinical studies for the treatment of several tumors, primarily the prostate, uterine, breast, bone, liver, kidney and pancreas. For transcranial brain therapy, the skull bone is a major limitation, however, new adaptive techniques of phase correction for focusing ultrasound through the skull have recently been implemented by research systems, paving the way for HIFU therapy to become an interesting alternative to brain surgery and radiotherapy. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Youth Attitudes and Military Service: Findings from Two Decades of Monitoring the Future National Samples of American Youth

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-06-01

data have focused on drug use and related factors, the study content is much broader (as the title implies) and includes vocational and educational ...over time. The present reporting, in contrast, focuses primarily on trend data and certain subgroup differences, using simple statistics (percentages...report are included on all forms of the 8th and 10th grade surveys. Tests for the statistical significance of mean differences between data collected in

Conductive Education: Feasibility Study on Developing a National Curriculum Plan for Those Working in Conductive Education in New Zealand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wagner, Graham A.

This study sought to determine whether there are national training needs among staff of conductive education programs in New Zealand. Conductive education is a unified system of education for children and adults with a motor disorder whose disability has been caused by damage to the central nervous system. The study, which focuses primarily on…

CPERC CONSORTIUM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boopathy, Ramaraj

2012-12-31

CPERC’s activities focused on two major themes: (a) cost-effective production of next-generation fuels with a focus on hydrogen from gasification and biofuels (primarily ethanol and butanol), and (b) efficient utilization of hydrogen and biofuels for power generation with a focus on improved performance, greater reliability and reduced energy costs.

Who Pays for National Defense? Financing Defense Programs in the United States, 1947-2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heo, Uk; Bohte, John

2012-01-01

Past studies on military expenditures in the United States have primarily focused on the extent to which guns versus butter trade-offs are prevalent without examining this relationship in the context of how other fiscal policy tools are used to pay for defense. Using annual data from 1947-2007, this study examines the relative importance of…

Social Justice in India: Perspectives from School Leaders in Diverse Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Jayson W.; Sauers, Nicholas J.

2014-01-01

This study focuses on social justice from the perspective of five school leaders in Delhi, India. Four of the schools in the study are affluent. One school serves primarily students who live in extreme poverty. Through interviewing these leaders, two major themes were identified. First, these leaders tended to view human rights as a driver of a…

Leadership Behaviors at Air War College

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

study has primarily focused on three areas: traits, behaviors, and situational approaches.2 Traits Leadership trait theory addresses specific traits...behavior theory has been prominent for thirty years5; however, more recently situational leadership theories have received primary attention... leadership traits, skills, or behaviors which are relevant.7 This theory is useful to this study because the situation may translate to where one’s level

The 200-Day Calendar Initiative in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles: Three Schools' Decision to Break the Mold

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sabatino, Anthony; Huchting, Karen; Dell'Olio, Franca

2013-01-01

This research study investigated the decision-making process utilized by three elementary schools in adopting the 200-day calendar initiative in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles. The schools in the study represented three distinct sets of demographics focusing primarily on high, middle, and low socioeconomic characteristics, as reported by the…

A Racing Heart, Rattling Knees, and Ruminative Thoughts: Defining, Explaining, and Treating Public Speaking Anxiety

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bodie, Graham D.

2010-01-01

Considered by many to be the foundation upon which our discipline was built, the study of public speaking has evolved from its humble beginnings into a vast literature of experimental and expositional studies. The focus of research on public speaking has primarily been to discover the antecedents, causes, and consequences of anxiety associated…

Cognitive dimensions of recreational user experiences in wilderness: an exploratory study in Adirondack wilderness areas.

Treesearch

Chad P. Dawson; Peter Newman; Alan Watson

1998-01-01

This exploratory study involved identifying the dimensions of a wilderness experience sought by users based on the available literature and on input from wilderness users. Input was collected using focus group interviews with members of four groups that were primarily involved in wilderness use and preservation in recent years. Positive and negative dimensions are...

Age-Related Differences in Response to Music-Evoked Emotion among Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephenson, K. G.; Quintin, E. M.; South, M.

2016-01-01

While research regarding emotion recognition in ASD has focused primarily on social cues, musical stimuli also elicit strong emotional responses. This study extends and expands the few previous studies of response to music in ASD, measuring both psychophysiological and behavioral responses in younger children (ages 8-11) as well as older…

The Effects of Teaching a Science Topic in the Regents Living Environment Course in a Mini-Lesson Instructional Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrows, Calder James

2010-01-01

This study investigated the effects on high school students' understanding of studying a science topic in the Regents Living Environment course using a Mini-Lesson educational protocol. Mini-Lesson instruction is one of guided instruction, which consists primarily of three sections. First, a brief, focused section in which the teachers explicitly…

A Novel Approach to Regeneration of Bone: Using Focused Ultrasound for the Spatiotemporal Patterning of Angiogenic and Osteogenic Factors

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

approach uses high intensity focused ultrasound ( HIFU ) and heat shock/ligand-dependent gene switches. Focused ultrasound generates localized...vasculature and bone. The approach uses high intensity focused ultrasound ( HIFU ) and heat shock/ligand-dependent gene switches. Focused ultrasound ...regeneration. Biomedical applications of high intensity focused ultrasound ( HIFU ) have revolved primarily around the mechanical and thermal ablation of

Interorgan Communication Pathways in Physiology: Focus on Drosophila

PubMed Central

Droujinine, Ilia A.; Perrimon, Norbert

2017-01-01

Studies in mammals and Drosophila have demonstrated the existence and significance of secreted factors involved in communication between distal organs. In this review, primarily focusing on Drosophila, we examine the known interorgan communication factors and their functions, physiological inducers, and integration in regulating physiology. Moreover, we describe how organ-sensing screens in Drosophila can systematically identify novel conserved interorgan communication factors. Finally, we discuss how interorgan communication enabled and evolved as a result of specialization of organs. Together, we anticipate that future studies will establish a model for metazoan interorgan communication network (ICN) and how it is deregulated in disease. PMID:27732790

Interorgan Communication Pathways in Physiology: Focus on Drosophila.

PubMed

Droujinine, Ilia A; Perrimon, Norbert

2016-11-23

Studies in mammals and Drosophila have demonstrated the existence and significance of secreted factors involved in communication between distal organs. In this review, primarily focusing on Drosophila, we examine the known interorgan communication factors and their functions, physiological inducers, and integration in regulating physiology. Moreover, we describe how organ-sensing screens in Drosophila can systematically identify novel conserved interorgan communication factors. Finally, we discuss how interorgan communication enabled and evolved as a result of specialization of organs. Together, we anticipate that future studies will establish a model for metazoan interorgan communication network (ICN) and how it is deregulated in disease.

Government policies, industry/economics, social trends, and educational opportunities in 'women's decisions to work outside versus inside the home.

PubMed

Bosco, Susan M

2002-12-01

Research on the career decision processes of women has focused primarily on internal considerations such as mathematical ability, intelligence, and self-esteem; however, the external environment also has an influence on these processes. To date, the environmental factors have primarily been researched separately, if at all. They include government policies, industry/economics, social trends/expected sex roles, and educational opportunities. This pilot study investigated these four external factors simultaneously. In addition, a survey of literature on career decision indicated such research to be based on a limited pool of highly educated, management/professional women. This study also uses a wider group including housewives, blue collar, and pink collar women.

Metamemory Development: Understanding the Role of Similarity in False Memories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaswal, Vikram K.; Dodson, Chad S.

2009-01-01

Research on the development of metamemory has focused primarily on children's understanding of the variables that influence how likely a person is to remember something. But metamemory also involves an understanding of why people occasionally misremember things. In this study, 5- and 6-year-olds (N = 38) were asked to decide whether another…

Incidental Learning of Gender Agreement in L2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denhovska, Nadiia; Serratrice, Ludovica

2017-01-01

Incidental learning of grammar has been an area of interest for many decades; nevertheless, existing research has primarily focused on artificial or semi-artificial languages. The present study examines the incidental acquisition of the grammar of a natural language by exposing adult speakers of an ungendered L1 (English) to the gender agreement…

Marine Activity Dynamics (M.A.D.). Unit S.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhode Island State Dept. of Education, Providence. Education Information Center.

This curriculum guide describes an activity-oriented marine study program, designed for use with middle school children (grade 5). The content focuses primarily upon the life sciences, with some emphasis on chemistry and geology. Following the development of a rationale for the inclusion of marine sciences in the school curriculum, a middle…

Parental Reactions to Cleft Palate Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vanpoelvoorde, Leah

This literature review examines parental reactions following the birth of a cleft lip/palate child, focusing primarily on the mother's reactions. The research studies cited have explored such influences on maternal reactions as her feelings of lack of control over external forces and her feelings of guilt that the deformity was her fault. Delays…

The potential use of bacterial community succession in forensics as described by high throughput metagenomic sequencing

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Decomposition studies primarily focus on the gross observable data that can be seen with the naked eye, such as insects or vertebrate scavengers, with little regard for what might be occurring at the microorganism community level. Here we document the 'necrobiome' or the community of species associ...

Characteristics of People with Intellectual Disabilities in a Secure U.S. Forensic Hospital

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stinson, Jill Diane; Robbins, Sharon Bradford

2014-01-01

Prior research examining persons with intellectual disabilities who have committed criminal offenses has focused primarily on correctional populations, or those who reside in secure forensic settings in the United Kingdom and Australia. This study describes 235 persons with intellectual, developmental, and cognitive disabilities who reside in a…

Social Justice Competencies and Career Development Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arthur, Nancy; Collins, Sandra; Marshall, Catherine; McMahon, Mary

2013-01-01

The recent focus on social justice issues in career development is primarily conceptual in nature and few resources account for the challenges or successes experienced by career development practitioners. The purpose of this article is to report the results of a research study of career practitioners in Canada regarding the competencies they use…

Sex Differences in Arithmetical Performance Scores: Central Tendency and Variability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martens, R.; Hurks, P. P. M.; Meijs, C.; Wassenberg, R.; Jolles, J.

2011-01-01

The present study aimed to analyze sex differences in arithmetical performance in a large-scale sample of 390 children (193 boys) frequenting grades 1-9. Past research in this field has focused primarily on average performance, implicitly assuming homogeneity of variance, for which support is scarce. This article examined sex differences in…

Doing Disability Research in a Southern Context: Challenges and Possibilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singal, Nidhi

2010-01-01

Research on disability issues in countries of the South is primarily dominated by a focus on generating large scale quantitative data sets. This paper discusses the many challenges, opportunities and dilemmas faced in designing and undertaking a qualitative research study in one district in India. The Disability, Education and Poverty Project…

Creating Significant Learning Experiences: A Case Study in the College Religion Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Jennifer L.; St. Hilaire, Robert

2012-01-01

In a domain historically dominated by student passivity, instruction that entices students to integrate and assimilate new content into their pre-existing cognitive schema is a new but necessary shift from the traditional teaching paradigm. No longer is college teaching primarily focused on quantity of information, but rather the quality of…

"Sports Illustrated": Is Every Team Treated Equally?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shields, Carin K.

A study examined whether "Sports Illustrated" offers a biased view of the sports world by focusing primarily on the eastern teams. The units of analysis were articles about Major League baseball appearing in the "Sports Illustrated" issues from late April to early October in the years 1975 to 1984. The teams were divided into…

Culture and Assessment: Discovering What Students Really Know

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Digest: Essential Readings Condensed for Quick Review, 2011

2011-01-01

This article reports on a work by Sharon Nelson-Barber, formerly the Director of WestEd's Center for the Study of Culture and Language in Education. The center's research focused primarily on how culture, language, and socioeconomic status influence the ways people think and solve problems. More recently, Nelson-Barber has been exploring how…

Early Undergraduate Research Experiences Lead to Similar Learning Gains for STEM and Non-STEM Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stanford, Jennifer S.; Rocheleau, Suzanne E.; Smith, Kevin P. W.; Mohan, Jaya

2017-01-01

Undergraduate research is touted as a high-impact educational practice yielding important benefits such as increased retention and notable learning gains. Large-scale studies describing benefits of mentored research programs have focused primarily on outcomes for science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) undergraduates. The Students…

Coordination of Fractional Quantities: Cueing of Resources, Constraints, and Effect of Numeric Structure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramful, Ajay; Nenduradu, Rajeev

2013-01-01

While previous work in the domain of proportional reasoning has primarily focused on the coordination of integer quantities, this study investigates how students coordinate fractional quantities. Fine-grained analysis of two seventh graders' responses to a set of systematically designed proportional tasks, shows how their knowledge of…

Examining the Interactive Positions and Storylines of an Emergent Bilingual Learner

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Erin

2017-01-01

The U.S. storyline of emergent bilinguals has historically failed to highlight the mathematical and linguistic assets of this group; instead, it has primarily focused on providing support. To disrupt this narrative, a case study of one elementary teacher, Ms. Bristow, is presented. Ms. Bristow's discursive practices and pedagogy illustrate how she…

Good Cop, Bad Cop: Exploring School Principals' Emotionally Manipulative Behaviours

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berkovich, Izhak; Eyal, Ori

2017-01-01

Research on school principals' behaviours that affect teachers' emotional states is limited. Currently, the focus is primarily on extreme manifestations of mistreatment and emotional abuse; normative daily behaviours, such as emotionally manipulative ones, have yet to be explored. The purpose of the present study is to investigate primary school…

Pre- and Peri-Natal Environmental Risks for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): The Potential Role of Epigenetic Processes in Mediating Susceptibility

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mill, Jonathan; Petronis, Arturas

2008-01-01

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurobehavioural disorder defined by symptoms of developmentally inappropriate inattention, impulsivity and hyperactivity. As is the norm for most psychiatric phenotypes, traditional aetiological studies have focused primarily on the interplay between genetic and environmental…

Enrichment, Stress, and Growth from Parenting an Individual with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phelps, Kenneth W.; McCammon, Susan L.; Wuensch, Karl L.; Golden, Jeannie A.

2009-01-01

Background: Past researchers have focused primarily on the associated negative impact of caring for a child with special needs. In this study, caregivers report the enrichment and stress of caring for a child with an autism spectrum disorder. Method Eighty caregivers completed the "Social Communication Questionnaire" (SCQ), "Effects of the…

Does Addressing Prejudice and Discrimination through Holocaust Education Produce Better Citizens?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowan, Paula; Maitles, Henry

2007-01-01

Previous research on teaching the Holocaust, primarily case studies in either the primary or the secondary sectors, suggests that Holocaust education can contribute to pupils' citizenship values in a positive way. Yet, in common with other initiatives, this evidence focuses exclusively on the short term impact of Holocaust education. Our ongoing…

Competition among agricultural pest insects and its role in pest outbreaks associated with trasgenic Bt-cotton

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Empirical studies on the ecological causes of agricultural pest outbreaks have focused primarily on two biotic factors—release from natural enemies and changes in host plant quality. Release from competition, on the other hand, has been theorized as a potential cause but never tested. With the exp...

SPECIATION OF ARSENIC IN EDIBLE BIOTA TO SUPPORT RISK ASSESSMENT DETERMINATION OF RELATIVE SOURCE CONTRIBUTION FOR ARSENIC

EPA Science Inventory

The Office of Research and Development has designated the study of arsenic as a high priority research area because of the health risk associated from exposure to this element. Present monitoring efforts are primarily focused on total concentration of arsenic in drinking water. ...

Connecting Critical Theory of Technology to Educational Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kruger-Ross, Matthew James

2013-01-01

In this article, I explore how transformative learning theory, an approach to educating drawn from adult education, can be used to provide access to the critical theory of technology for educators. Rather than focusing primarily on K-12 teachers and educational systems or higher education and other postsecondary instruction, I connect learning as…

The Effects of Virtual Communities on Group Identity in Classroom Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ho, Tu-Kuang; Lin, Yu-Tzeng

2016-01-01

Group identity is a critical component in developing effective classroom management. While there have been numerous studies on group identity, they have primarily focused on its effects on the physical classroom entity. Advances in information technology, however, have enabled the creation of virtual communities, which have become a vital channel…

An Examination of It Occupational Culture: Interpretation, Measurement, and Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacks, Timothy

2012-01-01

Past IS studies on culture have primarily focused on two levels of analysis: national culture and organizational culture. The gap in our knowledge of culture is in the area of occupational culture of IT professionals. Occupational culture, unlike organizational culture, is not bounded by a single organization, but rather forms itself around…

(En)Countering Social and Environmental Messages in the Rainforest Cafe [sic], Children's Picturebooks, and Other Visual Culture Sites

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reisberg, Mira; Han, Sandrine

2009-01-01

Our study critically examines social and environmental messages in a range of visual sites educating about rainforest environments. We focus primarily on the Rainforest Cafe, an international series of rainforest-themed edutainment restaurant/stores, whose inherent contradictions between consumption and conservation are quite disturbing when…

Instructional Supervision: A Descriptive Study Focusing on the Observation and Evaluation of Teachers in Cyberschools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farley, Gregory Charles

2010-01-01

Since 1996, K-12 schools are increasingly moving from a traditional, face-to-face educational environment to an online learning environment utilizing technologies to deliver instruction primarily via the Internet. As this trend continues, administrators familiar with traditional supervisory methods will observe and evaluate teachers of online…

Antecedents of Identity Development in a Structured Recreation Setting: A Qualitative Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duerden, Mat D.; Taniguchi, Stacy; Widmer, Mark

2012-01-01

Identity research has focused primarily on outcomes associated with identity formation. Far less attention, however, has been given to understanding the facilitating contextual elements of this process. This qualitative study examined a context, a 2-week adventure recreation program for youth, quantitatively shown in previous research to have…

Factors for Academic Success among African-American Men: A Phenomenological Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Samuel Rontez

2017-01-01

Academic success among African men has increased but many African-American men continue to fall behind the academic achievements of their Caucasian male counterparts. African-American men who achieve academic success have been marginalized in research that primarily focuses on reporting deficit or negative factors that hinder and not promote…

Importance of biophysical effects on climate warming mitigation potential of biofuel crops over the conterminous United States

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Current quantification of Climate Warming Mitigation Potential (CWMP) of biomass-derived energy has focused primarily on its biogeochemical effects. This study used site-level observations of carbon, water, and energy fluxes of biofuel crops to parameterize and evaluate the Community Land Model (CLM...

Controlling Costs. Managing Resources Module. Operational Management Programme. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayter, Roy

This self-study unit focuses on managing resources--materials, equipment, personnel, money, energy, time, and information. The material is designed primarily for those in a supervisory or junior management position working within their company's policies and systems. The unit may be of value to the small business proprietor, as an introduction to…

Differential Effects of Insular and Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex Lesions on Risky Decision-Making

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, L.; Bechara, A.; Damasio, H.; Aitken, M. R. F.; Sahakian, B. J.; Robbins, T. W.

2008-01-01

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and insular cortex are implicated in distributed neural circuitry that supports emotional decision-making. Previous studies of patients with vmPFC lesions have focused primarily on decision-making under uncertainty, when outcome probabilities are ambiguous (e.g. the Iowa Gambling Task). It remains unclear…

Human Resource Development to Facilitate Experiential Learning: The Case of Yahoo Japan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matsuo, Makoto

2015-01-01

Although work experiences are recognized as important mechanisms for developing leaders in organizations, existing research has focused primarily on work assignments rather than on human resource development (HRD) systems that promote experiential learning of managers. The primary goal of this study was to develop an HRD model for facilitating…

Source-Constrained Recall: Front-End and Back-End Control of Retrieval Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halamish, Vered; Goldsmith, Morris; Jacoby, Larry L.

2012-01-01

Research on the strategic regulation of memory accuracy has focused primarily on monitoring and control processes used to edit out incorrect information after it is retrieved (back-end control). Recent studies, however, suggest that rememberers also enhance accuracy by preventing the retrieval of incorrect information in the first place (front-end…

Beyond Decision Making for Outdoor Leaders: Expanding the Safety Behavior Research Agenda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Jeff S.

2016-01-01

The study of safety behaviour of designated outdoor leaders primarily revolves around their decision making and judgement. The last ten years, however, have seen relatively little peer-reviewed research regarding guide or instructor safety cognition and behaviour. The narrow decision making focus of modern work makes for a field of study…

Do Close Supportive Relationships Moderate the Effect of Depressive Symptoms on Suicidal Ideation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray, Aja L.; McKenzie, Karen; Murray, Kara R.; Richelieu, Marc

2016-01-01

Depressive symptoms, a lack of close supportive relationships and suicidal ideation are important risk factors for suicidal acts. Previous studies have primarily focused on the additive effects of close relationships and depressive symptoms on suicide risk. Here we explored whether, in addition, close relationships moderated the impact of…

Teaching about Nature of Science in Secondary Education: A View from Multicultural Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gandolfi, Haira Emanuela

2017-01-01

Teaching about nature of science (NOS) within a science curriculum that is primarily concerned with developing scientific content continues to provide a challenge for teachers. This study of science lessons focuses on whether NOS is being incorporated implicitly or explicitly, and whether epistemic aspects (e.g. models, theories) and social…

Effects of acute low temperature events on development of Erysiphe necator and susceptibility of Vitis vinifera

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Growth and development of Erysiphe necator (syn. Uncinula necator) has been extensively studied under controlled conditions, primarily with a focus on development within the optimal temperature range and the lethal effects of high temperatures. Little is known of the effect of cold temperatures on ...

Resource- and Approach-Driven Multidimensional Change: Three-Year Effects of School Improvement Grants

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sun, Min; Penner, Emily K.; Loeb, Susanna

2017-01-01

Hoping to spur dramatic school turnaround, the federal government channeled resources to the country's lowest-performing schools through School Improvement Grants (SIG). However, prior research on SIG effectiveness is limited and focuses primarily on student achievement. This study uses a difference-in-differences strategy to estimate program…

Science-Technology-Society or Technology-Society-Science? Insights from an Ancient Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Yeung Chung

2010-01-01

Current approaches to science-technology-society (STS) education focus primarily on the controversial socio-scientific issues that arise from the application of science in modern technology. This paper argues for an interdisciplinary approach to STS education that embraces science, technology, history, and social and cultural studies. By employing…

Connecting People with Their Museum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abd el Salam, Heba; McCormack, Dawn; Martin, Brenden

2017-01-01

In western countries, engagement with neighboring communities is an expected part of a museum's mission. However, in other parts of the world, this is often not the case. In Egypt, the focus of museums has been primarily on foreign tourists. The re-opening of the Mallawi Museum provided the opportunity to undertake a case study to adapt western…

James Madison and the Constitutional Convention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scanlon, Thomas M.

1987-01-01

Part 1 of this three-part article traces James Madison's life and focuses primarily on those events that prepared him for leadership in the U.S. Constitutional Convention of 1787. It describes his early love of learning, education, and public service efforts. Part 2 chronicles Madison's devotion to study and preparation prior to the Constitutional…

Disproportionate effects of non-colonial small herbivores on structure and diversity of grassland dominated by large herbivores

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The response of semiarid grasslands to small, non-colonial herbivores has received little attention, focusing primarily on the effects of granivore assemblages on annual plant communities. We studied the long-term effects of small and large herbivores on vegetation structure and species diversity of...

Health-Related Quality of Life in Children and Adolescents Following Traumatic Injury: A Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin-Herz, Susanne P.; Zatzick, Douglas F.; McMahon, Robert J.

2012-01-01

This paper comprehensively reviews the published literature investigating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) following general traumatic injury in individuals between birth and 18 years. Studies were not considered if they primarily compared medical treatment options, evaluated physical function but not other aspects of HRQOL, or focused on…

12 CFR 225.127 - Investment in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Nation's social problems. Although the interpretation primarily focuses on low- and moderate-income... remedying our social ills. Section 225.25(b)(6) is intended to provide an opportunity for them to assume... or medium-sized locally-controlled businesses in low-income urban or other economically depressed...

Community energy management in Sitka, Alaska: What strategies can help increase energy independence?

Treesearch

David Nicholls; Trista Patterson

2013-01-01

This report summarizes practical energy management strategies that could help communities in southeast Alaska move closer to energy independence while utilizing local resources more effectively. Our analysis focuses primarily on Sitka, Alaska, yet could be relevant to other communities having similar energy structures that rely primarily on hydroelectric power...

Development of a National HRD Strategy Model: Cases of India and China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alagaraja, Meera; Wang, Jia

2012-01-01

National human resource development (NHRD) literature describes the importance of developing human resources at the national level and presents several models. These models are primarily concerned with the national contexts of developing and underdeveloped countries. In contrast, the NHRD models in the non-HRD literature focus primarily on…

Information about Student Enrollment, College Staff and the Budget.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College of the Canyons, Santa Clarita, CA. Office of Institutional Development.

Consisting primarily of charts and tables, this report provides historical data on student enrollment, college staff, and the budget at California's College of the Canyons, focusing primarily on the period from 1991 to 1995. The first section provides tables on student enrollment, including total headcount; enrollment by full-/part-time status,…

Converting MEMS technology into profits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bryzek, Janusz

1998-08-01

This paper discusses issues related to transitioning a company from the advanced technology development phase (with a particular focus on MEMS) to a profitable business, with emphasis on start-up companies. It includes several case studies from (primarily) NovaSensor MEMS development history. These case studies illustrate strategic problems with which advanced MEMS technology developers have to be concerned. Conclusions from these case studies could be used as checkpoints for future MEMS developers to increase probability of profitable operations. The objective for this paper is to share the author's experience from multiple MEMS start-ups to accelerate development of the MEMS market by focusing state- of-the-art technologists on marketing issues.

Toward a Theory of Adaptive Transfer: Expanding Disciplinary Discussions of "Transfer" in Second-Language Writing and Composition Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DePalma, Michael-John; Ringer, Jeffrey M.

2011-01-01

In this paper, we argue that discussions of transfer in L2 writing and composition studies have focused primarily on the reuse of past learning and thus have not adequately accounted for the adaptation of learned writing knowledge in unfamiliar situations. In an effort to expand disciplinary discussions of transfer in L2 writing and composition…

Financing Independent Higher Education in Michigan: A Staff Report Analyzing Recent Enrollment, Cost, and Revenue Trends, with Projections to 1980 and 1985.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agor, Weston H.

This study focuses exclusively on independent higher education institutions in Michigan. It includes an analysis of recent enrollment, cost, and revenue trends by institution (with comparisons to the public sector) and projections to 1980 and 1985 on a statewide basis. The study was completed using primarily HEGIS data, and some data on…

Costs Associated with Endangered Species Act Compliance

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

August 2013 2 on economic costs or values related to endangered species costs or values, focuses primarily on Contingent Valuation Method studies...of species preservation (Lew, Layton, and Rowe 2010; Wallmo 2006). Most studies consider public valuation of species preservation, and not costs of...2012, NMFS 2006, U.S. Army Engineer, Mississippi Valley Division 2012, Kozlowski 1993, PFMC 2002) and through development of expenditure categories

National Indian Education Study 2015: American Indian and Alaska Native Students at Grades 4 and 8. NCES 2017-161

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ninneman, A. M.; Deaton, J.; Francis-Begay, K.

2017-01-01

The National Indian Education Study (NIES) is administered as part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) to allow more in-depth reporting on the achievement and experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native (AI/AN)1 students in grades 4 and 8. This report focuses primarily on two themes identified during the development of the…

Interactive Video, Tablets and Self-Paced Learning in the Classroom: Preservice Teachers Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papadopoulou, Anthia; Palaigeorgiou, George

2016-01-01

In recent years, a lot of focus has been given to the study of interactive video. However, interactive video has not been examined as a tool for self-directed learning in the classroom and has not been exploited together with tablets. This study tries to assess the value of an e-learning environment which is based primarily on interactive learning…

Teenagers' Significant Experiences in Areas of Arts: A Study of the Subjectively Felt Impact and Some Qualitative Aspects of Experiences Involving Productive Arts Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finnas, Leif

2012-01-01

As a part of a larger project, this study focused primarily on Finland-Swedish ninth-graders' "productive" arts experiences (involving music-making, acting, writing, painting/drawing, dancing), as these had been reported when the pupils had been asked to write down descriptions of "strong" experiences in arts areas (music,…

Can Global Learning Raise Standards within Pupils' Writing in the Primary Phase? Development Education Research Centre. Research Paper No. 16

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alcock, Hilary L.; Ramirez Barker, Linda

2016-01-01

This study was primarily undertaken by teachers for teachers, and focuses on the potential contribution of global learning and development education (DE) methodologies to a core aspect of curriculum provision, namely writing. The aim of the study is to explore whether using global learning and DE methodologies can have an impact on pupils'…

Determinants of Children's Mental Health in War-Torn Settings: Translating Research Into Action.

PubMed

Miller, Kenneth E; Jordans, Mark J D

2016-06-01

Research on the mental health and psychosocial wellbeing of children in conflict-affected settings has undergone a significant paradigm shift in recent years. Earlier studies based on a war exposure model primarily emphasized the effects of direct exposure to armed conflict; this has gradually given way to a broader understanding of the diverse pathways by which organized violence affects children. A robustly supported comprehensive model includes risk factors at multiple points in time (prior war exposure, ongoing daily stressors) and at all levels of the social ecology. In particular, findings suggest that material deprivation and a set of family variables, including harsh parenting, parental distress, and witnessing intimate partner violence, are important mediators of the relationship between armed conflict and children's wellbeing. To date, however, interventions aimed at supporting war-affected children's wellbeing, both preventive and treatment-focused, have focused primarily on direct work with children, while paying only modest attention to ongoing risk factors in their families and broader environments. Possible reasons for the ongoing prioritization of child-focused interventions are considered, and examples are provided of recent evidence-based interventions that have reduced toxic stressors (harsh parenting and the use of violent discipline by teachers) in conflict-affected communities.

Study of shock waves and related phenomena motivated by astrophysics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Drake, R. P.; Keiter, P. A.; Kuranz, C. C.

This study discusses the recent research in High-Energy-Density Physics at our Center. Our work in complex hydrodynamics is now focused on mode coupling in the Richtmyer-Meshkov process and on the supersonic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. These processes are believed to occur in a wide range of astrophysical circumstances. In radiation hydrodynamics, we are studying radiative reverse shocks relevant to cataclysmic variable stars. Our work on magnetized flows seeks to produce magnetized jets and study their interactions. We build the targets for all these experiments, and simulate them using our CRASH code. We also conduct diagnostic research, focused primarily on imaging x-ray spectroscopymore » and its applications to scattering and fluorescence.« less

Study of shock waves and related phenomena motivated by astrophysics

DOE PAGES

Drake, R. P.; Keiter, P. A.; Kuranz, C. C.; ...

2016-04-01

This study discusses the recent research in High-Energy-Density Physics at our Center. Our work in complex hydrodynamics is now focused on mode coupling in the Richtmyer-Meshkov process and on the supersonic Kelvin-Helmholtz instability. These processes are believed to occur in a wide range of astrophysical circumstances. In radiation hydrodynamics, we are studying radiative reverse shocks relevant to cataclysmic variable stars. Our work on magnetized flows seeks to produce magnetized jets and study their interactions. We build the targets for all these experiments, and simulate them using our CRASH code. We also conduct diagnostic research, focused primarily on imaging x-ray spectroscopymore » and its applications to scattering and fluorescence.« less

Contingent Commitments: Bringing Part-Time Faculty into Focus. Methodology Supplement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Community College Student Engagement, 2014

2014-01-01

Center reporting prior to 2013 focused primarily on descriptive statistics (frequencies and means) of student and faculty behaviors. The goal of the analyses reported here and in "Contingent Commitments: Bringing Part-Time Faculty into Focus" is to understand the engagement of part-time or contingent faculty in various activities that…

12 CFR 225.127 - Investment in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... social problems. Although the interpretation primarily focuses on low- and moderate-income housing, it is... social ills. Section 225.25(b)(6) is intended to provide an opportunity for them to assume such a role... percent of the bank holding company's total consolidated capital stock and surplus, without additional...

A Question of Interference: FM Radio's Early Struggle for Survival 1934-1945.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zenaty, Jayne W.

This paper explores FM radio's struggle for survival in the 1940s, focusing primarily on the impact of Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decision making and on the influence and activities of the well-established radio corporations, primarily the Radio Corporation of America (RCA). It describes the invention of FM radio by Edwin H. Armstrong…

The Protective Roles of the Antioxidant Enzymes Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase in the Green Photosynthetic Bacterium Chloroflexus Aurantiacus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blankenship, Robert E.; Rothschild, Lynn (Technical Monitor)

2004-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the biochemical response of the green thermophilic photosynthetic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus to oxidative stress. Lab experiments focused primarily on characterizing the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase and the response of this organism to oxidative stress. Experiments in the field at the hotsprings in Yellowstone National Park focused on the changes in the level of these enzymes during the day in response to oxidants and to the different types of ultraviolet radiation.

Learning for All: The Value of Field Experience in Training a New Generation of Program Evaluators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buitrag, Carolina

2015-01-01

Professionals in various fields have the opportunity to train in real-life situations before they take on a job by themselves. In program evaluation, however, preservice training usually focuses on coursework oriented to research design and methods. After completing these studies, evaluators go off to conduct evaluations guided primarily by their…

Some Things Never Change: Gender Segregation in Higher Education across Eight Nations and Three Decades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barone, Carlo

2011-01-01

This article examines the overall strength, the qualitative pattern, and the evolution over time of gender segregation in higher education across eight European countries. Although previous studies have focused primarily on the divide between humanistic and scientific fields, this work indicates that this divide accounts for no more than half of…

Public Attitudes toward Education in Ontario, 1982. Fourth OISE Survey. Informal Series/51.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Livingstone, D. W.; And Others

Results of the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education 1982 Survey, intended primarily to offer ongoing profiles of mass attitudes on major issues of current educational reform, are reported. In addition to documenting trends in public support for general curricular and financing options, the survey focuses on attitudes towards alternative ways…

Examining the Gaps between Teaching and Learning in the Technology Curriculum within Taiwan's 9-Year Articulated Curriculum Reform from the Perspective of Curriculum Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Kuen-Yi; Chang, Liang-Te; Tsai, Fu-Hsing; Kao, Chia-Pin

2015-01-01

Curriculum reform has frequently focused on the curriculum-development stage, overlooking considerations regarding curriculum implementation, which has led to reform failure. In this study, consideration was placed primarily on the curriculum implementation stage. The gaps between teachers' and students' perceptions of content, learning…

Equity Considerations in the Assessment of the Bayh-Dole Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Valdivia, Walter D.

2011-01-01

Extant evaluation studies of the Bayh-Dole Act of 1980 have focused primarily on its effects on the pace of innovation and on the norms and practices of academic research but neglected other public values. Seeking to redress this shortcoming, I begin by examining Bayh-Dole with respect to other relevant public values following the "Public Value…

EFL Teachers' Attempts at Feedback Innovation in the Writing Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Icy; Mak, Pauline; Burns, Anne

2016-01-01

To date, research on feedback in second language (L2) writing has primarily focused on feedback per se, with little attention paid to the teachers' professional development with regard to feedback in writing. This study aims to explore the ways in which two secondary teachers in Hong Kong attempted to implement feedback innovation in their writing…

Ain't I a Leader: Exploring the Leadership Narratives of Black Female Undergraduate Student Leaders at a Predominantly White Institution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warren, Lamara D.

2009-01-01

Traditionally, research on student leadership development has been exclusive and focused primarily on the experiences of White, male undergraduate student leaders. Therefore, there is little knowledge about the leadership development of Black female undergraduate students. This exploratory study attempts to fills a gap in the student leadership…

The Interpretation of Dreams: Ladson-Billings, Freud, and Derrida

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenwalt, Kyle

2010-01-01

This study provides a critical and close reading of "The Dreamkeepers" (1994), by Gloria Ladson-Billings. The paper focuses primarily on the gendered nature of "being a teacher" and "being a student" as revealed in the dreamkeeper text, while maintaining its engagement with race and culture as it is manifested in the United States context. It…

Teaching for Life? Midlife Narratives from Female Classroom Teachers Who Considered Leaving the Profession

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Helen; Mackenzie Davey, Kate

2011-01-01

Career decision-making research has focused primarily on occupation change as a discrete event and emphasised occupational mobility. Not all of those who consider changing occupation do so though, and this study explored the narrative accounts of nine female teachers who had considered leaving the profession, but remained teaching at midlife.…

Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Bipolar Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2007

2007-01-01

This practice parameter reviews the literature on the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with bipolar disorder. The parameter focuses primarily on bipolar 1 disorder because that is the type most often studied in juveniles. The presentation of bipolar disorder in youth, especially children, is often considered atypical compared…

A Collaboratively Designed Child Mental Health Service Model: Multiple Family Groups for Urban Children with Conduct Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKay, Mary M.; Gopalan, Geetha; Franco, Lydia; Dean-Assael, Kara; Chacko, Anil; Jackson, Jerrold M.; Fuss, Ashley

2011-01-01

This article presents preliminary outcomes associated with an experimental, longitudinal study of a Multiple Family Group (MFG) service delivery approach set within 13 urban outpatient clinics serving children and their families living in inner-city, primarily African American and Latino communities. Specifically, this article focuses on parent…

A Review of Effective Schools Research: The Message for Secondary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neufeld, Barbara; And Others

A summary and critique is presented on research of effective schools, based primarily on a review of the reviews written about that work. It is pointed out that the majority of research findings came from studies of elementary schools and focused upon the characteristics of effective schools for minority and poor students. Most research reviewed…

Using the L1 "Errors" of Native Speakers in the EFL Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rebuck, Mark

2011-01-01

While it is common for teachers to focus on learners' errors in the EFL classroom, little attention is given to the "errors" that native English speakers make in their mother tongue. This paper reports on a study to assess the reaction of Japanese university students to an activity that primarily required identifying…

The Great Depression and Elementary School Teachers as Reported in "Grade Teacher" Magazine

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Field, Sherry L.; Bellows, Elizabeth

2012-01-01

This study focuses on elementary school teachers during the Great Depression and the role that they played to sustain everyday school activity. The authors draw evidence primarily from the pages of "Grade Teacher" magazine, through teachers' letters written to its editor, Florence Hale, and her responses to them. Opportunities to study…

Genetic diversity and populations structure in pitch pine (Pinus rigida Mill.)

Treesearch

Raymond P. Guries; F. Thomas Ledig

1982-01-01

Electrophoretic studies of protein polymorphisms in plants have focused upon herbaceous species, primarily inbreeding annuals, in efforts to characterize the levels and patterns of genic variation within and between populations (Clegg and Allard, 1972; Gottlieb, 1973, 1975; Levin, 1975, 1978; Levy and Levin, 1975; Schaal, 1975; Roose and Gottlieb, 1976; Brown et al.,...

Treatment Effect Heterogeneity in a Science Professional Development Initiative: The Case for School Capacity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruch, Sarah; Grigg, Jeffrey; Hanselman, Paul

2010-01-01

This study focuses on how the treatment effects of a teacher professional development initiative in science differed by school capacity. In other words, the authors are primarily concerned with treatment effect heterogeneity. As such, this paper complements ongoing evaluation of the average treatment effects of the initiative over time. The…

Fear of Death, Mortality Communication, and Psychological Distress among Secular and Religiously Observant Family Caregivers of Terminal Cancer Patients

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bachner, Yaacov G.; O'Rourke, Norm; Carmel, Sara

2011-01-01

Previous research suggests that caregivers and terminally ill patients face substantial difficulties discussing illness and death. Existing research, however, has focused primarily on the experience of patients. The current study compared responses as well as the relative strength of association between mortality communication, fear of death, and…

Understanding of Self and Maternal Warmth Predict Later Self-Regulation in Toddlers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jennings, Kay D.; Sandberg, Ian; Kelley, Sue A.; Valdes, Lourdes; Yaggi, Kirsten; Abrew, Amy; Macey-Kalcevic, Melody

2008-01-01

Research on the development of self-regulation has focused primarily on the roles of maternal behavior and attention, but cognitive understanding of the self is also likely to contribute, as is exposure to maternal depression. In this study toddlers' understanding of self-as-object and understanding of agency were assessed behaviorally at both 20…

CLIL in Junior Vocational Secondary Education: Challenges and Opportunities for Teaching and Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denman, Jenny; Tanner, Rosie; de Graaff, Rick

2013-01-01

In many countries, Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) in secondary education, whether by default or design, focuses primarily on high-achieving students. This paper presents a study of CLIL programs for a different population: junior vocational students in the lower streams of secondary education in the Netherlands. On the basis of a…

Integration of Multimedia Courseware into ESP Instruction for Technological Purposes in Higher Technical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Shu-Chiao

2012-01-01

This study reports on integrating ESP (English for specific purposes) multimedia courseware for semiconductor technology into instruction of three different language programs in higher education by using it as a silent partner. It focuses primarily on techniques and tools to motivate retention of under-prepared students in an EFL setting. The…

Understanding travel information search behaviors by levels of information technology adoption

Treesearch

Junghye Angela Kah; Christine A. Vogt; Kelly MacKay

2007-01-01

Although the signifi cance of the Internet has been widely discussed in previous studies, the research of e-commerce has focused primarily on organizational and business perspectives (Sigala 2004). The growing number of Internet users allows a better understanding of online tourists who seek travel information and book or purchase travel products. The levels of...

It Happens, Just Not to Me: Hazing on a Canadian University Campus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massey, Kyle D.; Massey, Jennifer

2017-01-01

Research on hazing in higher education has primarily focused on Greek-letter organizations and athletes, with little research beyond these two subsets of college students. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the attitudes of students from the general student population at a Canadian university with regard to hazing and identify…

Giving Voice to Student and Alumnae Opposition during the Transition to Coeducation by a College for Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Rebecca Jean Grandstaff

2011-01-01

This dissertation provides insight into students' and alumnae's experiences during the transition and legal proceedings as their former college for women transitioned to coeducation. Previous research on the transition of single-sex colleges to coeducation has primarily examined the process from an organizational perspective. This study focuses on…

A Proposed Theory of School Librarian Leadership: A Meta-Ethnographic Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everhart, Nancy; Johnston, Melissa P.

2016-01-01

This paper uses a meta-ethnographic approach to examine a core body of research conducted primarily by one iSchool research center that has bolstered its curriculum in support of school librarian leadership in the past decade. Substantive studies, conducted by faculty and doctoral students, have focused on various phases of leadership from…

Approaches to Teaching Online: Exploring Factors Influencing Teachers in a Fully Online University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Badia, Antoni; Garcia, Consuelo; Meneses, Julio

2017-01-01

In recent years there has been widespread interest in the implementation of online courses in universities. While most studies about online learning environments primarily focus on technology-related issues or instructional methods, little attention has been given to online teachers and their teaching approaches. The aim of this paper is to…

Monetary and Nonmonetary Student Incentives for Tutoring Services: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Springer, Matthew G.; Rosenquist, Brooks A.; Swain, Walker A.

2015-01-01

In recent years, the largely punitive accountability measures imposed by the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act have given way to an emphasis on financial incentives. Although most policy interventions have focused primarily on linking teacher compensation to student test scores, several recent studies have examined the prospects for the use of…

Gender Differences between Graphical User Interfaces and Command Line Interfaces in Computer Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barker, Dan L.

This study focused primarily on two types of computer interfaces and the differences in academic performance that resulted from their use; it was secondarily designed to examine gender differences that may have existed before and after any change in interface. Much of the basic research in computer use was conducted with command line interface…

Using Interviews and Peer Pairs to Better Understand How School Environments Affect Young Children's Playground Physical Activity Levels: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parrish, Anne-Maree; Yeatman, Heather; Iverson, Don; Russell, Ken

2012-01-01

School break times provide a daily opportunity for children to be active; however, research indicates this time is underutilized. Reasons for low children's playground activity levels have primarily focused on physical barriers. This research aimed to contribute to physical environmental findings affecting children's playground physical activity…

Are Women Prepared to Be School Superintendents? An Essay on the Myths and Misunderstandings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunner, C. Cryss; Kim, Yong-Lyun

2010-01-01

The purpose of this essay is to examine and respond to Tom Glass's (2000) assertions about the dearth of women in the superintendency using the lenses of new data (from two large national studies) and analysis--an analysis that primarily focuses on women superintendents' and central office administrators' formal, experiential, and personal…

Key Issues in an International Clinical Experience for Graduate Students in Education: Implications for Policy and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaudino, Ann C.; Moss, David M.; Wilson, Eleanor V.

2012-01-01

This study examines international clinical experiences in England with graduate education students from The University of Connecticut (UConn) and The University of Virginia (UVA) in the United States of America. Limited research available about international clinical experiences in the field of Education focuses primarily to only describe programs…

The Influence of Homebuyer Education on Default and Foreclosure Risk: A Natural Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Scott R.

2016-01-01

The recent housing crisis has generated debate over the benefits and risks of policies and programs promoting homeownership for low and moderate income households. One important facet of this conversation is whether prepurchase homebuyer education (HBE) is effective in reducing default or foreclosure risk. Studies to date have primarily focused on…

A Full-Time Dilemma: Examining the Experiences of Part-Time Faculty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kimmel, Krista M.; Fairchild, Jennifer L.

2017-01-01

Part-time faculty now account for more than half of all faculty in American colleges and universities. Existing scholarship primarily has focused on the teaching effectiveness of part-time faculty. In this exploratory study, the authors employ a qualitative approach to examine the perspectives of part-time faculty members at a public, regional…

Family Quality of Life from the Perspective of Older Parents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jokinen, N. S.; Brown, R. I.

2005-01-01

Background: Family quality of life is a relatively new field of study. Research has primarily concentrated on families of children and young adults with intellectual disability (ID). Method: This project explored the concept of family quality of life from the perspective of older parents who had adult children with ID aged 40. Focus groups,…

Executive Succession and Institutional Change: A Case Study of the University of New Mexico, 1967-1972.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bjork, Lars G.

The history of the University of New Mexico during 1967-1972, when a new president was appointed, is examined. Attention is focused primarily on the environmental milieu relating to federal support of university research and the president's leadership initiative in establishing the Office of the Vice President for Research. In reviewing…

Environmental Identity: A New Approach to Understanding Students' Participation in Environmental Learning Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jaksha, Amanda P.

2013-01-01

The goal of this study is to develop an understanding of how participants express their environmental identities during an environmental learning program. Past research on the outcomes of environmental learning programs has focused primarily on changes in knowledge and attitudes. However, even if knowledge or attitudes can be accurately measured,…

Resampling and Distribution of the Product Methods for Testing Indirect Effects in Complex Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Jason; MacKinnon, David P.

2008-01-01

Recent advances in testing mediation have found that certain resampling methods and tests based on the mathematical distribution of 2 normal random variables substantially outperform the traditional "z" test. However, these studies have primarily focused only on models with a single mediator and 2 component paths. To address this limitation, a…

A Study of ESL Students' Perceptions of Their Digital Reading

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gilbert, John

2017-01-01

While research has increasingly been focused on second language reading, it has primarily been centered on how the learner interacts and decodes printed text. However, there has been minimal research conducted on how the English language learner processes web text, navigates the Internet, or evaluates and comprehends what he/she is reading through…

Trends of Mobile Learning in Computing Education from 2006 to 2014: A Systematic Review of Research Publications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anohah, Ebenezer; Oyelere, Solomon Sunday; Suhonen, Jarkko

2017-01-01

The majority of the existing research regarding mobile learning in computing education has primarily focused on studying the effectiveness of, and in some cases reporting about, implemented mobile learning solutions. However, it is equally important to explore development and application perspectives on the integration of mobile learning into…

Ecological consequences of fragmentation and deforestation in an urban landscape: a case study

Treesearch

W.C. Zipperer; T.W. Foresman; S.P. Walker; C.T. Daniel

2012-01-01

Landscape change is an ongoing process even within established urban landscapes. Yet, analyses of fragmentation and deforestation have focused primarily on the conversion of non-urban to urban landscapes in rural landscapes and ignored urban landscapes. To determine the ecological effects of continued urbanization in urban landscapes, tree-covered patches were mapped...

Perceived Learning Outcomes from Participation in One Type of Registered Student Organization: Equestrian Sport Clubs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mikulec, Erin; McKinney, Kathleen

2014-01-01

Learning takes place both inside and outside of the classroom. While there are a few studies that focus on the professional, developmental, and learning outcomes of participation in student organizations, there has been insufficient research on these outcomes in sport clubs. The paper reports on the results of an online, primarily qualitative…

Language Development in a 3-Year-Old Boy with Prader-Willi Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkin, Keith; Lorch, Marjorie Perlman

2007-01-01

Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) is a genetic disorder which has widespread developmental consequences including motor, cognitive and language delay. Previous research on PWS children has focused primarily on phonological development and dysfluency. In the present study, the lexical development of a boy with PWS was investigated in a series of 18 play…

An Assessment of Self-Healing Fiber Reinforced Composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Joseph G., Jr.

2012-01-01

Several reviews and books have been written concerning self-healing polymers over the last few years. These have focused primarily on the types of self-healing materials being studied, with minor emphasis given to composite properties. The purpose of this review is to assess the self-healing ability of these materials when utilized in fiber reinforced composites

Project-Based Learning: A Literature Review. Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Condliffe, Barbara

2017-01-01

The concept of project-based learning (PBL) has garnered wide support among a number of K-12 education policy advocates and funders. This working paper builds on and updates a seminal literature review of PBL published in 2000. Focused primarily on articles and studies that have emerged in the 17 years since then, the working paper discusses the…

A Comparison of Performance on a Silent Informal Reading Inventory and Achievement on a Standardized Reading Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Birger, Barbara

A study compared performance on a silent informal reading inventory and achievement on a standardized reading test, focusing on students' individual skill needs and how effective tests were in identifying specific strengths and weaknesses in these skill areas. Subjects, 25 students entering fourth grade in a primarily middle class suburban…

Students' Self-Reflections on Their Personality Scores Applied to the Processes of Learning and Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mcilroy, David; Todd, Valerie; Palmer-Conn, Sue; Poole, Karen

2016-01-01

Research on personality in the educational context has primarily focused on quantitative approaches, so this study used a mixed methods approach to capture the boarder aspects of students' learning processes. Goals were to ensure that student responses were reliable and normal (quantitative data), and to examine qualitative reflections on…

TPACK Development in a Three-Year Online Masters Program: How Do Teacher Perceptions Align with Classroom Practice?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staus, Nancy; Gillow-Wiles, Henry; Niess, Margaret

2014-01-01

A new primarily distance education Master's degree program was focused on the development of technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) for integrating appropriate digital technologies in mathematics and science classes. In this mixed-method multiple case study, we documented in-service K-8 teachers' perceptions of their TPACK…

Relationship of Weight-Based Teasing and Adolescents' Psychological Well-Being and Physical Health

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greenleaf, Christy; Petrie, Trent A.; Martin, Scott B.

2014-01-01

Background: To date, research has focused primarily on psychological correlates of weight-based teasing. In this study, we extended previous work by also examining physical health-related variables (eg, physical self-concept and physical fitness [PF]). Methods: Participants included 1419 middle school students (637 boys and 782 girls). Of these,…

Readiness to Change in Adolescents Screening Positive for Substance Use in Urban Primary Care Clinics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Jack; McGeehan, Jennifer; Kelleher, Kelly J.

2010-01-01

Primary care physicians often perceive patients as unlikely to decrease their substance use and suggest this reluctance to change diminishes their willingness to screen and intervene. The literature on readiness to change has primarily focused on adults, and the available studies on adolescents have largely included hospitalized and/or…

Stressors influencing Middle Eastern women's perceptions of the risk of cardiovascular disease: a focus group study.

PubMed

Gholizadeh, Leila; Digiacomo, Michelle; Salamonson, Yenna; Davidson, Patricia M

2011-08-01

To better understand Australia-dwelling Middle Eastern women's lack of service utilization in cardiovascular health, we undertook a study to investigate their understandings and meanings of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its risk factors. Eight focus groups were conducted in community settings with Turkish, Persian, and Arab women. We found that the women understated their risk of CVD, faced many barriers in reducing their risks, and perceived stress as the most significant contributor to CVD. Women described their stress as primarily emanating from issues surrounding migration and acculturation. Implications for development and delivery of tailored health interventions for Middle Eastern women are discussed.

Finite Element Analysis Modeling of Chemical Vapor Deposition of Silicon Carbide

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-19

thesis primarily focuses on mass transport by gas -phase flow and diffusion , chemical reaction in gas phase and on solid surfaces, and thin film...chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This thesis primarily focuses on mass transport by gas -phase flow and diffusion , chemical reaction in gas phase and...9 Fluid Flow…………………………………………..…………………..…………….9 Thermodynamics………………………………………..………………….….…….11 Chemical Reaction and Diffusion

The Optimal Conditions for Form-Focused Instruction: Method, Target Complexity, and Types of Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Jeong-eun

2012-01-01

This dissertation investigates optimal conditions for form-focused instruction (FFI) by considering effects of internal (i.e., timing and types of FFI) and external (i.e., complexity and familiarity) variables of FFI when it is offered within a primarily meaning-focused context of adult second language (L2) learning. Ninety-two Korean-speaking…

Learning from Disaster: The Learning Environment of the 2006 Rutgers University Hurricane Katrina Relief Project and How Service Learning Generates Transformative Learning: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heilman, Donald C.

2012-01-01

Problem: The study primarily focused on how a Service Learning project resulted in a Transformative Learning experience. The sample was drawn from 82 participants from Rutgers University who took part in a week-long alternative Spring Break community service project in New Orleans following Hurricane Katrina in 2006. Interviews were conducted…

12 CFR 225.127 - Investment in corporations or projects designed primarily to promote community welfare.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 6 of the Depository Institutions Disaster Relief Act of 1992 permits state member banks (12 U.S.C... social problems. Although the interpretation primarily focuses on low- and moderate-income housing, it is... moderate-income housing with respect to which a mortgage is insured under section 221(d)(3), 221(d)(4), or...

Disparities and access to healthy food in the United States: A review of food deserts literature.

PubMed

Walker, Renee E; Keane, Christopher R; Burke, Jessica G

2010-09-01

Increasingly, studies are focusing on the role the local food environment plays in residents' ability to purchase affordable, healthy and nutritious foods. In a food desert, an area devoid of a supermarket, access to healthy food is limited. We conducted a systematic review of studies that focused on food access and food desert research in the United States. The 31 studies identified utilized 9 measures to assess food access. Results from these studies can be summarized primarily into four major statements. Findings from other countries offer insight into ways, in which future research, policy development and program implementation in the U.S. may continue to be explored. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

French for Travelers--Spanish for Travelers: Nonsequential Semester Courses in the Foreign Language Area. Guidelines and Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prince George's County Board of Education, Upper Marlboro, MD.

Guidelines for nonsequential, one-semester courses in French and Spanish for travelers, offered at the secondary level of instruction, are presented in this study. The courses are intended for those who wish a brief introduction to the language focusing primarily on selected phrases and expressions often used by travelers. The categories of…

Preparing Doctoral Students in Rhetoric and Composition for Faculty Careers that Contribute to the Public Good

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quinn, Stephanie Anderson

2010-01-01

This descriptive study re-examines the graduate education of doctoral students in rhetoric and composition in light of the field's civic tradition. This project explores the current preparation of rhetoric and composition students in Ph.D. programs and then focuses primarily on how doctoral programs are preparing aspiring new faculty members to…

The Predictive Ability of IQ and Working Memory Scores in Literacy in an Adult Population

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alloway, Tracy Packiam; Gregory, David

2013-01-01

Literacy problems are highly prevalent and can persist into adulthood. Yet, the majority of research on the predictive nature of cognitive skills to literacy has primarily focused on development and adolescent populations. The aim of the present study was to extend existing research to investigate the roles of IQ scores and Working Memory…

Sensitivity and Specificity of French Language and Processing Measures for the Identification of Primary Language Impairment at Age 5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thordardottir, Elin; Kehayia, Eva; Mazer, Barbara; Lessard, Nicole; Majnemer, Annette; Sutton, Ann; Trudeau, Natacha; Chilingaryan, Gevorg

2011-01-01

Purpose: Research on the diagnostic accuracy of different language measures has focused primarily on English. This study examined the sensitivity and specificity of a range of measures of language knowledge and language processing for the identification of primary language impairment (PLI) in French-speaking children. Because of the lack of…

Children's Expressions of Positive Emotion Are Sustained by Smiling, Touching, and Playing with Parents and Siblings: A Naturalistic Observational Study of Family Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bai, Sunhye; Repetti, Rena L.; Sperling, Jacqueline B.

2016-01-01

Research on family socialization of positive emotion has primarily focused on the infant and toddler stages of development, and relied on observations of parent-child interactions in highly structured laboratory environments. Little is known about how children's spontaneous expressions of positive emotion are maintained in the uncontrolled…

"Neither Here nor There": An Examination of Language Curriculum and Ideology in a New Jersey Public School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinsella, Benjamin

2018-01-01

This case study focuses on one primarily Latino public primary school in New Jersey that waived the state's bilingual education requirement and implemented a curricular alternative, comprised of bilingual and monolingual English classrooms. A corpus was generated from one-to-one interviews (N = 8) with administrators and teachers, as well as…

Analysis of the Dynamics among Tutors in an After-School Tutoring Program in a Homeless Shelter for Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacGillivray, Laurie; Goode, Gretchen S.

2016-01-01

Researchers of after-school tutoring primarily focus on educational outcomes with little attention to the social dynamics of such programs. In our qualitative case study, we examined the nature of interactions among tutors in a tutoring program at a homeless shelter for families. Employing Bourdieu's concepts of "social capital" and…

Reduced Spiking in Entorhinal Cortex during the Delay Period of a Cued Spatial Response Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gupta, Kishan; Keller, Lauren A.; Hasselmo, Michael E.

2012-01-01

Intrinsic persistent spiking mechanisms in medial entorhinal cortex (mEC) neurons may play a role in active maintenance of working memory. However, electrophysiological studies of rat mEC units have primarily focused on spatial modulation. We sought evidence of differential spike rates in the mEC in rats trained on a T-maze, cued spatial delayed…

Operational Characteristics of a Rotating Detonation Engine Using Hydrogen and Air

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Naval Research Laboratory PDE Pulsed detonation engine RDE Rotating detonation engine TDW Transverse detonation wave Symbols [SI units...primarily been on pulsed detonation engines ( PDEs ). Recently, however, detonation research has begun to also focus on rotating , or continuous... rotating detonation engines have been studied, however, more progress was initially made regarding PDEs . Recently, though, there has been a renewed

Technology and Tasks for Bridging the Language-Content Gap: Teacher-Researcher Collaboration in a Third-Year Spanish Writing Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gleason, Jesse

2013-01-01

Many scholars have noted the disjunction between language instruction at the lower- and upper levels of FL study (Byrnes, 2002; Kraemer, 2008; Lord, 2014; Maxim, 2005; Schultz, 2000; Swaffar & Arens, 2005). Whereas lower-division courses tend to focus primarily on learning grammatical patterns and the "four skills," upper-level…

Exploring the Literature on Relationships between Gender Roles, Intimate Partner Violence, Occupational Status, and Organizational Benefits

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kwesiga, Eileen; Bell, Myrtle P.; Pattie, Marshall; Moe, Angela M.

2007-01-01

Studies of intimate partner violence (IPV) and work have been primarily conducted with women in low-wage low-status (LWLS) positions, as much of this research has focused on poverty, welfare, and homelessness. Although women in LWLS positions represent a large percentage of working women in the United States, it is also important to investigate…

"Students Getting Pregnant Are Not Gonna Go Nowhere": Manifestations of Stigma in Adolescent Mothers' Educational Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bermea, Autumn M.; Toews, Michelle L.; Wood, Leila G.

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine adolescent mothers' perceptions of how individuals within the schools viewed them and how those views shaped their educational experiences. The sample consisted of 83 primarily Hispanic adolescent mothers who participated in one of 19 semi-structured focus group interviews during the 2014-2015 school year.…

Are Integrated Portfolio Systems the Answer? An Evaluation of a Web-Based Portfolio System to Improve Preservice Teachers' Reflective Thinking Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oner, Diler; Adadan, Emine

2016-01-01

This study investigated the effectiveness of an integrated web-based portfolio system, namely the BOUNCE System, which primarily focuses on improving preservice teachers' reflective thinking skills. BOUNCE©, the software component of the system, was designed and developed to support a teaching practice model including a cycle of activities to be…

Competitive release of an agricultural insect pest: The case of stink bug outbreaks in transgenic Bt cotton in the southeast US

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Empirical studies on the ecological causes of agricultural pest outbreaks have focused primarily on two biotic factors—release from natural enemies and changes in host plant quality. Release from competition, on the other hand, has been theorized as a potential cause but never tested. With the ex...

The Role of Amplitude Envelope in Lexical Tone Perception: Evidence from Cantonese Lexical Tone Discrimination in Adults with Normal Hearing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhou, Yining Victor

2012-01-01

Previously published studies on the role of amplitude envelope in lexical tone perception focused on Mandarin only. Amplitude envelope was found to co-vary with fundamental frequency in Mandarin lexical tones, and amplitude envelope alone could cue tone perception in Mandarin which uses primarily tone contour for phonemic tonal contrasts. The…

Internet in Teachers' Professional Practice outside the Classroom: Examining Supportive and Management Uses in Primary and Secondary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meneses, Julio; Fabregues, Sergi; Rodriguez-Gomez, David; Ion, Georgeta

2012-01-01

In recent years there has been widespread interest in the implementation of information and communication technologies (ICT) in schools. While most studies primarily focus on the use of ICT in teaching and learning, little attention has been given to their incorporation as a professional tool outside the classroom. Using a digital inequality…

Assistive Technology for Students with Learning Disabilities: A Glimpse of the Livescribe Pen and Its Impact on Homework Completion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Kelly A.; Kurtzworth-Keen, Kristin; Marable, Michele A.

2017-01-01

This research investigated the effectiveness of an assistive technology tool, the Livescribe Pen (LSP), with an elementary student identified with dyslexia. Using interview and focus group methodologies over the span of one academic year, the study probed the perceptions of teachers, parent, and child. While the LSP was primarily utilized for…

Voices from Around the World: International Undergraduate Student Experiences. Professional File Number 104, Summer 2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terkla, Dawn Geronimo; Etish-Andrews, Jane; Roscoe, Heather S.

2007-01-01

This paper explores how students adjust to life at universities outside their home countries. Much of the current research was conducted prior to the 9/11 tragedy and focuses primarily on studies within a single U.S. institution. This project expands the boundaries by including multiple institutions from around the globe post-9/11. Findings…

"Facebook Official," "Hooking Up," "Friends with Benefits": Decoding the Terminology, Relationship Status, and Sexual Behaviors of Female College Students to Best Target Health Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richman, Alice R.; Webb, Monica C.; Eicher, Lesley; Adams, Phyllis; Troutman, Jamie

2017-01-01

Objective: This study aimed to assist college healthcare providers with patient communication by determining the relationship terminology commonly used by college students. Participants: A total of 17 female college students participated in four focus groups across two Universities. Participants were primarily white (71%) and heterosexual (88%).…

Assessing Mental Health Needs of Rural Schools in South Texas: Counselors' Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bain, Steve F.; Rueda, Breeze; Mata-Villarreal, Jennifer; Mundy, Marie-Anne

2011-01-01

Texas continues to fall short of the necessary mental health resources for those communities and populations in rural counties. The purpose of this article was to review the mental health resource needs of rural schools in South Texas. The study focused primarily on the perspectives of the school counselors in the identified districts. Funded by a…

A Retrospective Study of Academic Leadership Skill Development, Retention and Use: The Experience of the Food Systems Leadership Institute

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandez, Claudia S. P.; Noble, Cheryl C.; Jensen, Elizabeth T.; Martin, Linda; Stewart, Marshall

2016-01-01

The Food Systems Leadership Institute (FSLI) is a 2-year leadership development program consisting of 3 intensive in-person immersion retreats, and a robust and customizable distance-based program. Participants come primarily from land-grant and public universities and learn about personal, organizational and system leadership with a focus on food…

Evaluating a Practice-Oriented Service Model to Increase the Use of Respite Services among Minorities and Rural Caregivers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montoro-Rodriguez, Julian; Kosloski, Karl; Montgomery, Rhonda J. V.

2003-01-01

Purpose: The goal of this study was to evaluate the practice-oriented model of service use (Yeatts, Crow, & Folts, 1992) relative to the more widely used behavioral model (Andersen, 1968) in its ability to explain the use of respite services by caregivers of Alzheimer's patients. Unlike the behavioral model, which focuses primarily on…

An "EAR" on environmental surveillance and monitoring: A case study on the use of exposure-activity ratios (EARS) to prioritize sites, chemicals, and bioactivities of concern in Great Lakes waters

EPA Science Inventory

Current environmental monitoring approaches focus primarily on chemical occurrence. However, based on chemical concentration alone, it can be difficult to identify which compounds may be of toxicological concern for prioritization for further monitoring or management. This can be...

Where Are "Women Returners" Returning From? Deconstructing Domestication in the Context of Lifelong Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clarke, Julia

The question of where "women returners" to education are returning from was examined through an exploration of the life histories of 18 women in southern England. The study focused on the biographies of women who regarded themselves as primarily responsible for the care of others and yet whose aspirations involved some form of continuing…

The Impact of User-Controlled Avatar Attributes on Social Presence within Select Higher Education Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kline, Joel

2012-01-01

An understanding of the impact of user avatar alteration in relation to social presence is needed to fully realize the potential of Second Life for higher education usages, which the research literature reveals as an environment that provides increased social presence. Prior studies focused primarily on the impact of system design attributes on…

A Comparative Evaluation of Analytical Methods to Allocate Individual Marks from a Team Mark

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nepal, Kali

2012-01-01

This study presents a comparative evaluation of analytical methods to allocate individual marks from a team mark. Only the methods that use or can be converted into some form of mathematical equations are analysed. Some of these methods focus primarily on the assessment of the quality of teamwork product (product assessment) while the others put…

The Aftermath of Welfare Reform: Health, Health Insurance, and Access to Care among Families Leaving TANF in Oregon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seccombe, Karen; Hartley, Heather; Newsom, Jason; Hoffman, Kim; Marchand, Gwen C.; Albo, Christina; Gordon, Cathy; Zaback, Tosha; Lockwood, Richard; Pope, Clyde

2007-01-01

This research reports the initial findings of a statewide study that looks at health, insurance, and access to health care among families leaving Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) for work. Most national and state-level evaluation projects focus primarily on the employment characteristics of TANF leavers and pay little or no attention…

College Students' Intention to Continue Using a Personal Response System: Deriving a Model from Four Theoretical Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeh, C. Rosa; Tao, Yu-Hui

2012-01-01

The use of personal response systems (PRS) in classrooms is gaining popularity in the higher education institutes of Taiwan. However, past research rarely adopts theories from the information system domains, and their focus was primarily on the UK and US context. Therefore, this study adopted a theory-based approach to explore the perceptions of…

ESD Implementation at the School Organisation Level, Part 1--Investigating the Quality Criteria Guiding School Leaders' Work at Recognized ESD Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mogren, Anna; Gericke, Niklas

2017-01-01

Research on Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) implementation tends to focus primarily on student and teacher outcomes, and there have been few studies on leadership practices at the school organisation level that provide information on how quality in education contributes to ESD implementation. To address this issue, we conducted an…

Drug Addiction Stigma in the Context of Methadone Maintenance Therapy: An Investigation into Understudied Sources of Stigma

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Earnshaw, Valerie; Smith, Laramie; Copenhaver, Michael

2013-01-01

Experiences of stigma from others among people with a history of drug addiction are understudied in comparison to the strength of stigma associated with drug addiction. Work that has studied these experiences has primarily focused on stigma experienced from healthcare workers specifically even though stigma is often experienced from other sources…

Examining the Effects of Independent MALL on Vocabulary Recall and Listening Comprehension: An Exploratory Case Study of Preschool Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terantino, Joe

2016-01-01

In recent years scholars have explored the use of mobile devices as potential sources for language learning and teaching. Mobile phones and tablets, especially, have been researched with a focus on effectively building vocabulary primarily among university-level students. Comparable research in other age groups has not been as widespread. This…

Coworkers' Perspectives on Mentoring Relationships.

PubMed

Janssen, Suzanne; Tahitu, Joël; van Vuuren, Mark; de Jong, Menno D T

2018-04-01

Research into workplace mentoring is primarily focused on the experiences and perceptions of individuals involved in the relationship, while there is scarcely any research focusing on the impact of mentoring relationships on their social environment. This exploratory research aims to give insight into how coworkers' perceptions and experiences of informal mentoring relationships in their workgroup are related to their perceptions of workgroup functioning. The results of 21 semistructured interviews show that coworkers believe that mentoring relationships affect their workgroup's functioning by influencing both their workgroup's performance and climate . Coworkers applied an instrumental perspective and described how they think that mentoring relationships both improve and hinder their workgroup's performance as they influence the individual functioning of mentor and protégé, the workgroup's efficiency, and organizational outcomes. Furthermore, coworkers applied a relational perspective and described how mentoring relationships may influence their workgroup's climate in primarily negative ways as they may be perceived as a subgroup, cause feelings of distrust and envy, and are associated with power issues. The results of this study emphasize the importance of studying mentoring relationships in their broader organizational context and set the groundwork for future research on mentoring relationships in workgroups.

Coworkers’ Perspectives on Mentoring Relationships

PubMed Central

Janssen, Suzanne; Tahitu, Joël; van Vuuren, Mark; de Jong, Menno D. T.

2016-01-01

Research into workplace mentoring is primarily focused on the experiences and perceptions of individuals involved in the relationship, while there is scarcely any research focusing on the impact of mentoring relationships on their social environment. This exploratory research aims to give insight into how coworkers’ perceptions and experiences of informal mentoring relationships in their workgroup are related to their perceptions of workgroup functioning. The results of 21 semistructured interviews show that coworkers believe that mentoring relationships affect their workgroup’s functioning by influencing both their workgroup’s performance and climate. Coworkers applied an instrumental perspective and described how they think that mentoring relationships both improve and hinder their workgroup’s performance as they influence the individual functioning of mentor and protégé, the workgroup’s efficiency, and organizational outcomes. Furthermore, coworkers applied a relational perspective and described how mentoring relationships may influence their workgroup’s climate in primarily negative ways as they may be perceived as a subgroup, cause feelings of distrust and envy, and are associated with power issues. The results of this study emphasize the importance of studying mentoring relationships in their broader organizational context and set the groundwork for future research on mentoring relationships in workgroups. PMID:29568215

Emergence of the Canadian Research University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wormald, Megan

2013-01-01

The emergence of a research university model in Canada has increased significantly over the past few decades. From institutions that focused primarily on education, universities are striving to become large, research-focused centres. These changes have brought increased prestige to universities, greater graduate education, and more funding…

The French-Farsi Simultaneous Early Bilingualism in an Iranian Child--Study on the Regularity of the Presence of the Minority Language in the First Lexical Productions of a Bilingual Child

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jalilian, Sahar; Rahmatian, Rouhollah; Safa, Parivash; Letafati, Roya

2017-01-01

In a simultaneous bilingual education, there are many factors that can affect its success, primarily the age of the child and socio-cognitive elements. This phenomenon can be initially studied in the first lexical productions of either language in a child. The present study focuses on the early lexical developments of a child, who lives in the…

The Nevada Family: Political Crisis Leadership and Resilience Narratives in the Silver State

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

incidents. The analysis in the case studies focuses primarily on the actions of political leaders. Through the actions of political leaders during...which are all applied to and examined through case studies from recent crises within the state of Nevada. These incidents are both man-made and natural...disasters, and they occur over long and short time periods. These case studies allow for the actions and decisions of political leaders during

Agricultural drainwater effects on wildlife in central California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ohlendorf, Harry M.; Hothem, Roger L.; Hoffman, David J.; Rattner, Barnett A.; Burton, G. Allen; Cairns, John

1995-01-01

In California's San Joaquin Valley and in numerous other agricultural areas in the western U.S., irrigation wastewater may accumulate in confined shallow aquifers, eventually rising to levels that adversely affect crops. To sustain long-term agricultural  productivity in these regions, systems for the drainage and disposal of this subsurface wastewater must be installed.1,2 the drained water may contain an array of soluble chemicals that have been applied to the crops, as well as those that have been leached from native soils. Agricultural drainwater is frequently disposed of by discharging it to surface aquatic systems where these constituents may be directly toxic to aquatic organisms, or they may bioaccumulate through the aquatic food webs upon which birds and other wildlife feed. The focus of this chapter is research conducted since 1983 to assess the effects of wildlife exposure to subsurface agricultural drainwater in the San Joaquin Valley.Agricultural drainwater is discharged primarily to tributaries and wetlands of the San Joaquin River system or, especially in the southern San Joaquin Valley, to evaporation ponds.3 Because of high nutrient content in the drainwater, evaporation ponds have high levels of biological productivity and provide an abundant food supply for aquatic birds. Aquatic birds (primarily waterfowl and shorebirds) have been the main focus of wildlife research at the evaporation ponds, and at managed wetlands (primarily hunting clubs) within the San Joaquin River system, but mammals, snakes, and frogs have also been studied. Findings of those studies are summarized in this chapter. Other studies have been conducted on fish and aquatic invertebrates in areas receiving agricultural drainwater, but in this review those findings are described only as they relate to dietary exposure of wildlife.

Inside English: Journal of the English Council of California Two-Year Colleges; Vol. XV, Nos. 1-4, October 1987, December 1987, March 1988, and May 1988.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woodruff, Barbara Bilson, Ed.

1988-01-01

Designed primarily for English faculty at community colleges in California, "Inside English" includes articles on instructional innovations in teaching remedial writing, literature courses, and freshman composition, and on major curricular, administrative, and employment issues in the field. The first issue of volume 15 focuses primarily on…

Perfectionism dimensions and dependency in relation to personality vulnerability and psychosocial adjustment in patients with coronary artery disease.

PubMed

Dunkley, David M; Schwartzman, Deborah; Looper, Karl J; Sigal, John J; Pierre, Andrena; Kotowycz, Mark A

2012-06-01

The present study sought to illuminate self-criticism and personal standards dimensions of perfectionism and dependency as specific cognitive-personality vulnerability factors that might contribute to a better understanding of numerous psychosocial problem areas that are relevant to coronary artery disease (CAD). One hundred and twenty-three patients diagnosed with clinically significant CAD completed self-report questionnaires. Zero-order correlations and factor analysis results revealed that self-criticism was primarily related to personality vulnerability (aggression/anger/hostility, Type D negative affectivity) and psychosocial maladjustment (depressive symptoms, worry, avoidant coping, support dissatisfaction), whereas personal standards was primarily related to adaptive coping (problem-focused coping, positive reinterpretation) and dependency was primarily related to worry. Hierarchical regression results demonstrated the incremental utility of self-criticism, personal standards, and dependency in relation to (mal)adjustment over and above aggression/anger/hostility, negative affectivity, and social inhibition. Continued efforts to understand the role of perfectionism dimensions and dependency in CAD appear warranted.

A Cross-Cultural Longitudinal Examination of the Effect of Cumulative Adversity on the Mental and Physical Health of Older Adults

PubMed Central

Palgi, Yuval; Shrira, Amit

2015-01-01

Self-oriented adversity refers to traumatic events that primarily inflict the self, whereas other-oriented adversity refers to events that affect the self by primarily targeting others. The present study aimed to examine whether cultural background moderates the effects of self-oriented and other-oriented adversity on mental and physical health of older adults. Using longitudinal data from the Israeli component of the Survey of Health and Retirement, we focused on 370 Jews and 239 Arabs who reported their exposure to various adversities across the lifespan, and completed questionnaires regarding mental and physical health. Results showed that the effect of self-oriented adversity on health did not differ among Jews and Arabs. However, other-oriented adversity showed a stronger effect on Arabs’ mental and physical health than on Jews’ health. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of adverse events that affect the self by primarily targeting others may have a stronger impact in collectivist cultures than in individualist cultures. PMID:25961862

Attention and material-specific memory in children with lateralized epilepsy.

PubMed

Engle, Jennifer A; Smith, Mary Lou

2010-01-01

Epilepsy is frequently associated with attention and memory problems. In adults, lateralization of seizure focus impacts the type of memory affected (left-sided lesions primarily impact verbal memory, while right-sided lesions primarily impact visual memory), but the relationship between seizure focus and the nature of the memory impairment is less clear in children. The current study examines the correlation between parent-reported attention problems and material-specific memory (verbal or visual-spatial) in 65 children (ages 6-16) with medically intractable lateralized epilepsy. There were no significant differences in attention and memory between those with left-lateralized epilepsy (n=25) and those with right-lateralized epilepsy (n=40). However, in the left-lateralized group attention problems were significantly negatively correlated only with delayed visual memory (r=-.450, p<.05), while the right-lateralized group demonstrated the opposite pattern (attention problems significantly negatively correlated with delayed verbal memory; r=-.331, p<.05). These findings suggest that lateralization of seizure focus may in fact impact children's memory in a material-specific manner, while problems with attention may impact memory more globally. Therefore, interventions designed to improve attention in children with epilepsy may have utility in improving certain aspects of memory, but further suggest that in children with lateralized epilepsy, material-specific memory deficits may not resolve with such interventions.

Education and Career Pathways in Information Communication Technology: What Are Schoolgirls Saying?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lasen, Michelle

2010-01-01

This paper highlights key themes which emerged from schoolgirls' responses to focus group questions regarding perceptions of Information Communication Technology (ICT) subjects in the Queensland senior secondary curriculum, primarily, Information Processing Technology (IPT) and Information Technology Systems (ITS). The 2006 focus group interviews…

Improve Relationships to Improve Student Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arum, Richard

2011-01-01

Attempts to raise student performance have focused primarily on either relationships between adults in the system or formal curriculum. Relatively ignored has been a focus on what sociologists believe is the primary relationship of consequence for student outcomes--authority relationships between students and educators. Successful school reform is…

Fear of property crime: examining the effects of victimization, vicarious victimization, and perceived risk.

PubMed

Cook, Carrie L; Fox, Kathleen A

2011-01-01

Fear of crime research has primarily focused on fear of crime in general or on fear of specific types of violent crimes. This study builds from this line of research by focusing exclusively on the night fear of six types of property crimes, including fear of burglary while away from home, vehicle theft, bicycle theft, property theft, vandalism, and vehicle burglary. This study examines the effects of victimization, vicarious victimization, and perceived risk on fear of property crime. Survey data from college students reveal that victimization and vicarious victimization were not significant predictors of fear of property crime, whereas perceived risk was a consistent and significant predictor of fear of all property crimes.

Q&A: How do gene regulatory networks control environmental responses in plants?

PubMed

Sun, Ying; Dinneny, José R

2018-04-11

A gene regulatory network (GRN) describes the hierarchical relationship between transcription factors, associated proteins, and their target genes. Studying GRNs allows us to understand how a plant's genotype and environment are integrated to regulate downstream physiological responses. Current efforts in plants have focused on defining the GRNs that regulate functions such as development and stress response and have been performed primarily in genetically tractable model plant species such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Future studies will likely focus on how GRNs function in non-model plants and change over evolutionary time to allow for adaptation to extreme environments. This broader understanding will inform efforts to engineer GRNs to create tailored crop traits.

Can pharmacogenetics explain efficacy and safety of cisplatin pharmacotherapy?

PubMed Central

Roco, Ángela; Cayún, Juan; Contreras, Stephania; Stojanova, Jana; Quiñones, Luis

2014-01-01

Several recent pharmacogenetic studies have investigated the variability in both outcome and toxicity in cisplatin-based therapies. These studies have focused on the genetic variability of therapeutic targets that could affect cisplatin response and toxicity in diverse type of cancer including lung, gastric, ovarian, testicular, and esophageal cancer. In this review, we seek to update the reader in this area of investigation, focusing primarily on DNA reparation enzymes and cisplatin metabolism through Glutathione S-Transferases (GSTs). Current evidence indicates a potential application of pharmacogenetics in therapeutic schemes in which cisplatin is the cornerstone of these treatments. Therefore, a collaborative effort is required to study these molecular characteristics in order to generate a genetic panel with clinical utility. PMID:25452763

Athletic Training Student Socialization Part II: Socializing the Professional Master's Athletic Training Student

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mazerolle, Stephanie M.; Bowman, Thomas G.; Dodge, Thomas M.

2014-01-01

Context: Professional socialization is a key process in the professional development of athletic training students. Literature has focused on many perspectives regarding socialization and has primarily focused on the undergraduate level. Objective: Gain insights from the program director at professional master's (PM) athletic training programs on…

Developing Mathematical Practices through Reflection Cycles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reinholz, Daniel L.

2016-01-01

This paper focuses on reflection in learning mathematical practices. While there is a long history of research on reflection in mathematics, it has focused primarily on the development of conceptual understanding. Building on notion of learning as participation in social practices, this paper broadens the theory of reflection in mathematics…

Romani in Contact: The History, Structure and Sociology of a Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Matras, Yaron, Ed.

This collection of essays focuses on historical, structural, lexical, and sociological aspects of Romani and its regional variations. The focus is primarily but not exclusively on oral language. Essays include: "On Typological Changes and Structural Borrowing in the History of European Romani" (Vit Bubenik); "On the Migration and…

Same-Sex Domestic Violence: Strategies for Change. Sage Series on Violence against Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leventhal, Beth, Ed.; Lundy, Sandra E., Ed.

While a great deal has been written on domestic violence, the focus has been primarily on the violence of men against their current or former wives or girlfriends. Yet studies have shown that partner abuse is as common and severe among same-sex couples as among heterosexual couples. This book examines a broad range of issues that confront victims…

The Organization of Schools as an Overlooked Source of Underqualified Teaching. Teaching Quality Policy Briefs. Number 7

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for the Study of Teaching and Policy, 2002

2002-01-01

The study reported in this policy brief focuses on one aspect of unequal distribution of quality teaching--out-of-field placement. In schools serving primarily low-income and/or minority students, out-of-field teaching is an acute problem and occurs even though the causes have little to do with the lack of certified teachers. Rather, school…

Efficacy of the California Bureau of Land Management Community Assistance and Hazardous Fuels Programs

Treesearch

David J. Ganz; David S. Saah; Matthew A. Wilson; Austin Troy

2007-01-01

This study provides a framework for assessing the social and environmental benefits and public education outcomes associated with the U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management’s Community Assistance and Hazardous Fuel Programs in California. Evaluations of fire hazard mitigation programs tend to focus primarily on the number of acres treated and...

Coping with Sexual Stigma: Emerging Adults with Lesbian Parents Reflect on the Impact of Heterosexism and Homophobia during Their Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuvalanka, Katherine A.; Leslie, Leigh A.; Radina, Rachel

2014-01-01

Little is known about how youth with LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) parents experience various forms of sexual stigma (i.e., homophobia and heterosexism). Previous studies have focused primarily on frequency of teasing and harassment; therefore, much less is known about how indirect and institutional types of sexual stigma play out in the lives…

Building Rain Water Tanks and Building Skills: A Case Study of a Women's Organization in Uganda

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, Deborah; Nakato, Margaret; Nabalango, Caroline

2008-01-01

Water collection in rural areas of Uganda is left primarily to women and children. Katosi Women Development Trust, an NGO based in rural Uganda has focused on addressing the gender-linked issue of increased water sources near the home through the construction of rain water collection tanks. In an effort to improve the income of members as well as…

Facultative nest patch shifts in response to nest predation risk in the Brewer's sparrow: a "win-stay, lose-switch" strategy?

Treesearch

Anna D. Chalfoun; Thomas E. Martin

2010-01-01

Facultative shifts in nesting habitat selection in response to perceived predation risk may allow animals to increase the survival probability of sessile offspring. Previous studies on this behavioral strategy have primarily focused on single attributes, such as the distance moved or changes in nesting substrate. However, nest site choice often encompasses multiple...

A Qualitative Study of the Current Transformation to Rural Village Early Childhood in China: Retrospect and Prospect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hu, Bi Ying; Roberts, Sherron Killingsworth

2013-01-01

By far, literature regarding Chinese early childhood education and care (ECEC) has primarily focused on Youeryuan in urban settings. Youeryuan is the everyday Chinese term used for ECEC programs serving children ages three to six, which does include the U.S. version of the kindergarten year. This paper will refer to Youeryuan rather than the…

All Adjuncts Are Not Created Equal: An Exploratory Study of Teaching and Professional Needs of Online Adjuncts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bedford, Laurie; Miller, Heather

2013-01-01

Online education programs continue to rely on a significant contingent of adjunct faculty to meet the instructional needs of the students. Discourse relating to this situation primarily focuses on the extent to which adjuncts are able to ensure the rigor and quality of instruction as well as the ability of the organization to attract, retain, and…

Metaphors in the Press: The Effectiveness of Working with Newspaper Tropes to Improve Foreign Language Competence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zashchitina, Galina

2013-01-01

The given article intends to focus on some approaches to teaching English as a second language at an advanced or proficient level. The paper primarily deals with the ways in which stylistic aspect of newspaper language can be put to use by university students thus becoming an integral part of their classroom discourse. The study aims at presenting…

Non-Western Educational Traditions: Alternative Approaches to Educational Thought and Practice. Sociocultural, Political, and Historical Studies in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reagan, Timothy

The history of education, as taught in the United States and in the West generally, has focused primarily on how Western educational tradition emerged. This book provides a brief overview of several non-Western approaches to educational thought and practice. An understanding of how other peoples have educated their children, as well as what…

The Role of the Corps Air Defense Artillery Brigade

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

literature pertaining to the corps air defense artillery brigades. In most air defense artillery field manuals (FM), reference to a unit above brigade...available information and focus on the information which directly applies to the thesis. I primarily used U.S. Army field manuals to research the...The brigade will be primarily operating in a decentralized mode due to the inevitable communications breakdowns that will occur. Therefore, manual

A systematic review of the literature reveals trends and gaps in integrated pest management studies conducted in the United States.

PubMed

Young, Stephen L

2017-08-01

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a broad-based approach for addressing pests that negatively affect human and environmental health and economic profitability. Weeds, insects and disease-causing pathogens (diseases) are the pests most often associated with IPM. A systematic review, widely used in other scientific disciplines, was employed to determine the most commonly studied IPM topics and summarize the reasons for these trends and the gaps. In a field synopsis of the literature, 1679 relevant published papers were identified and categorized into one of the following five broad areas: IPM and organic (organic), climate change and pests (climate), rural and urban IPM (rural and urban), next-generation education (education) and advanced production systems (technology). Papers were examined in greater detail for at least one of the three main pests in a systematic review. A majority (85%) of IPM papers have been in the area of rural and urban IPM, primarily addressing agriculture (78%). Professionals, landowners and the general public were the focus of a majority (95%) of IPM papers on education. Technology is an increasing area of focus in the literature. Over the past 40 years, IPM papers have primarily (75%) addressed insects and been limited mostly to rural and urban settings. Climate change, technology and education specific to pest management studies are increasingly being published and will help broaden the focus that could result in increased adoption and development of IPM. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.

Glycobiology of Reproductive Processes in Marine Animals: The State of the Art

PubMed Central

Gallo, Alessandra; Costantini, Maria

2012-01-01

Glycobiology is the study of complex carbohydrates in biological systems and represents a developing field of science that has made huge advances in the last half century. In fact, it combines all branches of biomedical research, revealing the vast and diverse forms of carbohydrate structures that exist in nature. Advances in structure determination have enabled scientists to study the function of complex carbohydrates in more depth and to determine the role that they play in a wide range of biological processes. Glycobiology research in marine systems has primarily focused on reproduction, in particular for what concern the chemical communication between the gametes. The current status of marine glycobiology is primarily descriptive, devoted to characterizing marine glycoconjugates with potential biomedical and biotechnological applications. In this review, we describe the current status of the glycobiology in the reproductive processes from gametogenesis to fertilization and embryo development of marine animals. PMID:23247316

Research and the Young Child in India: Shifting from Alienation to Adaptability Using an Expanded Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaudhary, Nandita; Pillai, Punya

2016-01-01

Conventional psychological research has focused primarily on intrapersonal dimensions of human activity, often evading shared knowledge, interpersonal perspective-taking, and collective beliefs. The ideology of individualism and the 'embryonic fallacy' are largely responsible for the focus on the individual as an isolated entity. Most available…

The Writing Workshop and the Adult Learner.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peelen, Carolyn A.

Experience and research have shown that writing workshops are an excellent tool for improving workers' writing skills. In the past 5 years, the emphasis of writing instruction has shifted from a focus primarily on handwriting, correct spelling, and simple reinforcement of skills to a focus on empowering students by emphasizing fluency and student…

Problematizing War: Reviving the Historical Focus of Peace Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCorkle, William

2017-01-01

In the last forty years, peace education has broadened its focus from primarily international peace and the prevention of war to an approach that encompasses social justice, environmental education, critical theory, and multicultural education. While this is a positive evolution in many respects, there is a danger in de-emphasizing the actual…

Understand, Identify, and Respond: The New Focus of Access Services

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Juan Carlos; Meyer, Kristin; Merry, Brian

2017-01-01

Library public services staff have primarily focused on providing services through interactions with their users. Although service quality and customer satisfaction are important in the delivery of these services, the emphasis and nature of the work have often been influenced by a library-centric philosophy rather than a user-centric philosophy.…

Improving Clinical Communication and Promoting Health through Concordance-Based Patient Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bylund, Carma L.; D'Agostino, Thomas A.; Ho, Evelyn Y.; Chewning, Betty A.

2010-01-01

In recent years, communication education has been used as a means of improving the clinician-patient relationship and promoting health. The focus of these interventions has primarily centered on clinician training. An area that has received less focus, although equally important, is training patients to be good communicators. The purpose of the…

The Role of Morphology in Word Recognition of Hebrew as a Templatic Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oganyan, Marina

2017-01-01

Research on recognition of complex words has primarily focused on affixational complexity in concatenative languages. This dissertation investigates both templatic and affixational complexity in Hebrew, a templatic language, with particular focus on the role of the root and template morphemes in recognition. It also explores the role of morphology…

Science Shorts: "Sounds" Like Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnone, Kathryn; Morris, Bethany

2014-01-01

It seems each new school year brings its own opportunities to grow as an educator. As teachers in a STEM focused school that serves primarily at-risk students, the authors face a new challenge in rethinking their instruction to align with the "Next Generation Science Standards". This involves changing the focus of units previously taught…

Eminence-Focused Gifted Education: Concerns about Forward Movement Void of an Equity Vision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grantham, Tarek C.

2012-01-01

This article is based on Grantham's commentary on an eminence-focused gifted education model developed by Subotnik, Olszewski-Kubilius, and Worrell. Grantham primarily reviews the model from an equity perspective, taking into account the changing demographics in the nation's public schools. Specifically, Grantham asserts that education leaders…

Canada: A Videotape Collection Focused on Bullying, Homophobia, and Queer Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rofes, Eric

2005-01-01

This first essay presents and reviews a collection of six videotapes produced over the past decade that focus primarily on bullying, homophobia, and LGBTQ youth. The second review details a video resource for librarians and those supportive of non-censorship of library resources to provide materials and services to GLBT&Q adolescents.

Are Two-Year Colleges the Key to Expanding the Scientific Labor Force? Unpacking Gender and Racial-Ethnic Gaps in Undergraduate STEM Degrees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez-Felkner, Lara; Thomas, Kirby; Hopkins, Jordan; Nix, Samantha

2015-01-01

Given the explosion of theoretical and empirical interest in the STEM gender gap in recent years, almost exclusively focused on four-year colleges, this paper primarily investigates the following question: How does the nature of the gender gap differ among two- and four-year college students, if at all? This study seeks to answer the following…

The Perceptions of Cooperating Teachers Regarding the Skills and Knowledge of Student Teachers Working in Beginning and Middle School Instrumental Music Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoch, Christopher David

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to obtain the perceptions of cooperating teachers in beginning and middle school instrumental music regarding their student teachers' skills and knowledge both at the beginning and at the end of the student teaching experience. The related research has focused primarily on two areas of music teacher education. Program…

Time Use Differences in Activity Participation among Children 4-5 Years Old with and without the Risk of Developing Conduct Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yu, Mong-Lin; Ziviani, Jenny; Baxter, Janeen; Haynes, Michele

2012-01-01

Conduct problems in childhood are associated with the way in which children engage in daily activities. Research, to date, on conduct problems in relation to time use has primarily focused on school aged children and their participation in discrete activities such as watching TV and sport. The purpose of the present study is to determine if…

Lean Government Methods Guide

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Guide focuses primarily on Lean production, which is an organizational improvement philosophy and set of methods that originated in manufacturing but has been expanded to government and service sectors.

Voices of faculty of second-degree baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Cangelosi, Pamela R; Moss, Margaret M

2010-03-01

The limited research related to accelerated second-degree baccalaureate nursing programs primarily focuses on curricular issues or student experiences. The purpose of this study was to focus on the experiences of faculty teaching these students. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, 14 second-degree faculty from the East Coast region of the United States were interviewed to understand their experiences teaching accelerated second-degree baccalaureate nursing students and how these experiences helped or hindered their teaching and learning practices with these students. The challenges associated with teaching these students were identified in the themes At the Top of My Game and Teaching to Think Like a Nurse. This article describes this study and the implications for teaching accelerated second-degree baccalaureate students. Copyright 2010, SLACK Incorporated.

Functional foods: health claim-food product compatibility and the impact of health claim framing on consumer evaluation.

PubMed

van Kleef, Ellen; van Trijp, Hans C M; Luning, Pieternel

2005-06-01

Two studies are reported, which aim to strengthen the scientific underpinning of strategic decisions regarding functional food development, as to (1) which health benefits to claim, (2) with which product (category), and (3) in which communication format. The first exploratory study is a secondary analysis of 10 different health claims systematically combined with 10 different food carriers to evaluate their combined suitability for functional food positioning. The results show that consumers tend to prefer functional food concepts that primarily communicate disease-related health benefits in carriers with a healthy image or health positioning history. Study 2 examines health claim format and systematically varies the way in which specific health benefits are being communicated to the consumer. Two physiologically oriented claims (heart disease and osteoporosis) and two psychologically oriented food claims (stress and lack of energy) are expressed in enhanced function format versus disease risk reduction format. Also, it includes the individual difference variable of 'regulatory focus' and the health status of the respondent to explore how these factors impact health claim evaluation. The results show that consumer evaluations primarily differ to the extent that health claims are personally relevant in addressing an experienced disease state. Framing is important, but its effect differs by health benefit. No strong effects for consumers' regulatory focus were found. Underlying mechanisms of these effects and their implications for the development of functional foods are discussed.

An Overview of NASA Biotechnology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pusey, Marc L.

1997-01-01

Biotechnology research at NASA has comprised three separate areas; cell science and tissue culture, separations methods, and macromolecular crystal growth. This presentation will primarily focus on the macromolecular crystal growth.

A cross-cultural longitudinal examination of the effect of cumulative adversity on the mental and physical health of older adults.

PubMed

Palgi, Yuval; Shrira, Amit

2016-03-01

Self-oriented adversity refers to traumatic events that primarily inflict the self, whereas other-oriented adversity refers to events that affect the self by primarily targeting others. The present study aimed to examine whether cultural background moderates the effects of self-oriented and other-oriented adversity on mental and physical health of older adults. Using longitudinal data from the Israeli component of the Survey of Health and Retirement, we focused on 370 Jews and 239 Arabs who reported their exposure to various adversities across the life span, and completed questionnaires regarding mental and physical health. Results showed that the effect of self-oriented adversity on health did not differ among Jews and Arabs. However, other-oriented adversity showed a stronger effect on Arabs' mental and physical health than on Jews' health. Our findings suggest that the accumulation of adverse events that affect the self by primarily targeting others may have a stronger impact in collectivist cultures than in individualist cultures. (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Radiography Students' Learning: A Literature Review.

PubMed

Holmström, Anneli; Ahonen, Sanna-Mari

2016-01-01

To describe research methodology and findings concerning radiography students' learning. Health sciences databases were searched to perform a traditional narrative literature review. Thirty-five peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2014 were analyzed using thematic analysis. Specific methods of learning were found to be of the most interest. The studies focused primarily on the use and usability of a method or the students' general experiences of it. The most commonly studied methods were e-learning and interprofessional learning, which students perceived as positive methods for theoretical studies and clinical training. Students' learning regarding research was the focus of only one article reporting a wide variety of students' research interests. Most studies reported quantitative research gathered from questionnaires and surveys. Additional research, especially from a qualitative point of view, is needed to deepen the evidence-based knowledge of radiography student learning.

Mental Balance and Well-Being: Building Bridges between Buddhism and Western Psychology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, B. Alan; Shapiro, Shauna L.

2006-01-01

Clinical psychology has focused primarily on the diagnosis and treatment of mental disease, and only recently has scientific attention turned to understanding and cultivating positive mental health. The Buddhist tradition, on the other hand, has focused for over 2,500 years on cultivating exceptional states of mental well-being as well as…

Community College Faculty Retention: Examining Burnout, Stress, and Job Satisfaction. UCLA Community College Bibliography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McJunkin, Kyle Stewart

2005-01-01

Recent literature on faculty departure from community colleges has focused primarily on faculty retirement. Less research has been conducted on turnover related to stress and faculty burnout, particularly at the community college level. In order to shed some light on this subject, the citations in this annotated bibliography focus on the…

Healthful Eating and Physical Activity in the Home Environment: Results from Multifamily Focus Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berge, Jerica M.; Arikian, Aimee; Doherty, William J.; Neumark-Sztainer, Dianne

2012-01-01

Objective: To explore multiple family members' perceptions of risk and protective factors for healthful eating and physical activity in the home. Design: Ten multifamily focus groups were conducted with 26 families. Setting and Participants: Community setting with primarily black and white families. Family members (n = 103) were aged 8 to 61…

Self-Reported Student Confidence in Troubleshooting Ability Increases after Completion of an Inquiry-Based PCR Practical

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, Anthony L.; Snow, Elizabeth T.; Binns, Henrica; Cook, Peta S.

2015-01-01

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) activities are complementary to the processes of laboratory discovery, as both are focused on producing new findings through research and inquiry. Here, we describe the results of student surveys taken pre- and postpractical to an IBL undergraduate practical on PCR. Our analysis focuses primarily student perceptions of…

State Estimates of Organized Child Care Facilities. Population Division Working Paper Series No. 21.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casper, Lynne M.; O'Connell, Martin

Census Bureau data have traditionally focused on national estimates of the numbers of children in organized child care facilities using various household surveys. In contrast, this paper presents data on the characteristics of child care businesses for individual states from the Census of Service Industries. Although focusing primarily on the most…

Beyond Individual War Trauma: Domestic Violence against Children in Afghanistan and Sri Lanka

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Catani, Claudia; Schauer, Elisabeth; Neuner, Frank

2008-01-01

To date, research on the psychosocial consequences of mass trauma resulting from war and organized violence on children has primarily focused on the individual as the unit of treatment and analysis with particular focus on mental disorders caused by traumatic stress. This body of research has stimulated the development of promising…

How Ready Are Postsecondary Institutions for Students Who Are d/Deaf or Hard-of-Hearing?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cawthon, Stephanie W.; Schoffstall, Sarah J.; Garberoglio, Carrie Lou

2014-01-01

Educational policy in the United States is increasingly focused on the need for individuals to be academically ready for postsecondary education experiences. The focus of these initiatives, however, centers primarily on individuals and their competencies and characteristics, and not on the capacities of postsecondary institutions to serve them.…

Development Communication Report, 1989/1-4, Nos. 64-67.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Development Communication Report, 1989

1989-01-01

Four issues of this newsletter focus primarily on the use of communication technologies in developing nations to educate their people. The issues included in this collection are: (1) No. 64 (1989-1), which features reports on the use of local radio for development; (2) No. 65 (1989-2), which focuses on environmental education, and includes…

T[to the fourth power] = Teaching to the Fourth Power: Transformative Inquiry and the Stirring of Cultural Waters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sumida, Anna Y.; Meyer, Meleanna A.

2006-01-01

Educational practice has focused primarily upon a transmission model of education dealing with dominant, mainstream, western ideology. This model often alienates student learners due to the absence of cultural relevance. This article focuses on a theoretical framework teachers in Hawaii are using to become transformative practitioners who promote…

Challenging the First Year of College: Old Models and New Imperatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mills, Shala A.; Mehaffy, George L.

2016-01-01

This chapter argues that the first year of college needs to be reconsidered. The authors offer, as an alternative, a new kind of course, one created by groups of faculty members from different campuses, multidisciplinary in focus, delivered in a blended format, focused on civic outcomes, and intended primarily for first-year students.

System in Black Language. Multilingual Matters Series: 77.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sutcliffe, David; Figueroa, John

An examination of pattern in certain languages spoken primarily by Blacks has both a narrow and a broad focus. The former is on structure and development of the creole spoken by Jamaicans in England and to a lesser extent, a Black country English. The broader focus is on the relationship between the Kwa languages of West Africa and the…

Natural Products as a Source of Alzheimer’s Drug Leads

PubMed Central

Sorribas, Analia; Howes, Melanie-Jayne R.

2016-01-01

This review focuses on recent developments in the use of natural products as therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease. Compounds span a diverse array of structural classes and are organized according to their mechanism of action, with the focus primarily on the major hypotheses. Overall, the review discusses more than 180 compounds and summarizes 393 references. PMID:21072430

Can You Say More about That?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pearson, Jerold; Earl, Marie

2012-01-01

When yes/no or multiple-choice answers do not suffice--when a qualitative understanding of a topic rather than a quantitative head count is needed--it is time to consider focus groups. They work well when learning why, how, and what for is more important than measuring how many. Focus groups are primarily an open-ended form of inquiry, enabling…

Position and Disposition: The Contextual Development of Human Values

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Longest, Kyle C.; Hitlin, Steven; Vaisey, Stephen

2013-01-01

Research on the importance of values often focuses primarily on one domain of social predictors (e.g., economic) or limits its scope to a single dimension of values. We conduct a simultaneous analysis of a wide range of theoretically important social influences and a more complete range of individuals' value orientations, focusing both on value…

Molecular identification and characterization of ileal and cecal fungus communities in broilers given probiotics, specific essential oil blends, and under mixed Eimeria infection

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Broiler digestive tract fungal communities have gained far less scrutiny than that given corresponding bacterial communities. Attention given poultry-associated fungi have focused primarily on feed-associated toxin-producers, yeast, and yeast products. The current project focused on the use of pyr...

An introduction to genetic quality in the context of sexual selection.

PubMed

Pitcher, Trevor E; Mays, Herman L

2008-09-01

This special issue of Genetica brings together empirical researchers and theoreticians to present the latest on the evolutionary ecology of genetic quality in the context of sexual selection. The work comes from different fields of study including behavioral ecology, quantitative genetics and molecular genetics on a diversity of organisms using different approaches from comparative studies, mathematical modeling, field studies and laboratory experiments. The papers presented in this special issue primarily focus on genetic quality in relation to (1) sources of genetic variation, (2) polyandry, (3) new theoretical developments and (4) comprehensive reviews.

Soy and Health Update: Evaluation of the Clinical and Epidemiologic Literature

PubMed Central

Messina, Mark

2016-01-01

Soyfoods have long been recognized as sources of high-quality protein and healthful fat, but over the past 25 years these foods have been rigorously investigated for their role in chronic disease prevention and treatment. There is evidence, for example, that they reduce risk of coronary heart disease and breast and prostate cancer. In addition, soy alleviates hot flashes and may favorably affect renal function, alleviate depressive symptoms and improve skin health. Much of the focus on soyfoods is because they are uniquely-rich sources of isoflavones. Isoflavones are classified as both phytoestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators. Despite the many proposed benefits, the presence of isoflavones has led to concerns that soy may exert untoward effects in some individuals. However, these concerns are based primarily on animal studies, whereas the human research supports the safety and benefits of soyfoods. In support of safety is the recent conclusion of the European Food Safety Authority that isoflavones do not adversely affect the breast, thyroid or uterus of postmenopausal women. This review covers each of the major research areas involving soy focusing primarily on the clinical and epidemiologic research. Background information on Asian soy intake, isoflavones, and nutrient content is also provided. PMID:27886135

The Impact of Family Involvement on the Education of Children Ages 3 to 8: A Focus on Literacy and Math Achievement Outcomes and Social-Emotional Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Voorhis, Frances L.; Maier, Michelle F.; Epstein, Joyce L.; Lloyd, Chrishana M.

2013-01-01

This report summarizes research conducted primarily over the past 10 years on how families' involvement in children's learning and development through activities at home and at school affects the literacy, mathematics, and social-emotional skills of children ages 3 to 8. A total of 95 studies of family involvement are reviewed. These include both…

Perceptions of the Influence of Black Greek Affiliation on Involvement, Engagement, and Persistence on Black Male Student Success: Differences between a Historically Black University and a Predominantly White Institution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flowers, Eric D.

2015-01-01

While there is research on the impact of Greek Letter Organization membership on college student engagement and success, the focus is primarily on the experiences of White students with mixed results. The findings in these studies include lower moral and cognitive development and less concern for social issues than their non-Greek counterparts.…

Sixth-Year Results Following Partial Cutting For Timber and Wildlife Habitat in a Mixed Oak-Sweetgum-Pine Stand on a Minor Creek Terrace in Southeast Louisiana

Treesearch

Brian Roy Lockhart; Norwin E. Linnartz

2002-01-01

Hardwood management has primarily focused on highly productive river bottom and upland sites. Less is known about hardwood growth and development on terrace sites. Such sites are usually converted to other uses, especially pine plantations. The objectives of this study, implemented in a minor creek terrace in southeast Louisiana, were to describe changes in stand...

EPA Collaboration with Vietnam

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Vietnam, one of Asia’s emerging economies, is an important environmental partner for EPA in Asia. EPA’s current cooperation with Vietnam primarily focuses on dioxin remediation and technical assistance to reduce methane emissions.

Stress and the HPA Axis: Balancing Homeostasis and Fertility

PubMed Central

Whirledge, Shannon

2017-01-01

An organism’s reproductive fitness is sensitive to the environment, integrating cues of resource availability, ecological factors, and hazards within its habitat. Events that challenge the environment of an organism activate the central stress response system, which is primarily mediated by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. The regulatory functions of the HPA axis govern the cardiovascular and metabolic system, immune functions, behavior, and reproduction. Activation of the HPA axis by various stressors primarily inhibits reproductive function and is able to alter fetal development, imparting a biological record of stress experienced in utero. Clinical studies and experimental data indicate that stress signaling can mediate these effects through direct actions in the brain, gonads, and embryonic tissues. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which stress activation of the HPA axis impacts fertility and fetal development. PMID:29064426

Form gene clustering method about pan-ethnic-group products based on emotional semantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Dengkai; Ding, Jingjing; Gao, Minzhuo; Ma, Danping; Liu, Donghui

2016-09-01

The use of pan-ethnic-group products form knowledge primarily depends on a designer's subjective experience without user participation. The majority of studies primarily focus on the detection of the perceptual demands of consumers from the target product category. A pan-ethnic-group products form gene clustering method based on emotional semantic is constructed. Consumers' perceptual images of the pan-ethnic-group products are obtained by means of product form gene extraction and coding and computer aided product form clustering technology. A case of form gene clustering about the typical pan-ethnic-group products is investigated which indicates that the method is feasible. This paper opens up a new direction for the future development of product form design which improves the agility of product design process in the era of Industry 4.0.

Building a New Generation of Learning: Conversations to Catalyze Our Construction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milliron, Mark David; Plinske, Kathleen; Noonan-Terry, Coral

2008-01-01

Rather than focus primarily on the next generation of learners, the authors argue we are best served to focus on building out our on-ground and online infrastructures for a new generation of learning--blending multiple learning modes, technologies, and techniques over the course of the next 15-20 years to serve the diverse array of students from…

Broadening the focus of bat conservation and research in the USA for the 21st century

Treesearch

Theodore Weller; Paul Cryan; O’Shea Thomas

2009-01-01

Appropriately, bat conservation in the USA during the 20th century focused on species that tend to aggregate in large numbers and locations (e.g. maternity roosts, hibernacula) where populations are most vulnerable. Extensive research into habitat needs (primarily for roosting) of reproductive females during the previous 2 decades has produced a wealth of information...

Alcohol and Other Substance Use among Deaf and Hard of Hearing Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berman, Barbara A.; Streja, Leanne; Guthmann, Debra S.

2010-01-01

Little research has focused on alcohol and illicit drug use among deaf and hard of hearing youth. Findings are reported from survey data collected among high school students at two phases of a program of research primarily focusing on tobacco use [Phase 1: (1999/2000) n = 226, Phase 2: (2004) n = 618). Evidence of considerable ever (lifetime)…

Invisibility, Difference, and Disparity: Alcohol and Substance Abuse on Two-Year College Campuses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eren, Colleen; Keeton, André

2015-01-01

The impact of alcohol and substance abuse on college students' behavior has become a ripe area of focus and research. However, interest and research has primarily been focused on traditional four- year college students. Thus, the four-year college experience is taken as the default against which two-year colleges are compared. Nearly 12 million…

Patterns of Literacy Learning in German Primary Schools over the Summer and the Influence of Home Literacy Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Frauke; Meissel, Kane; McNaughton, Stuart

2017-01-01

The "summer learning effect" (SLE) is described as a stall or drop in achievement over summer, especially in schools serving poor or "minority" communities. There has been little research in Europe on the effect, and research internationally has primarily focused on the effect in reading, with minimal focus on writing. This…

Using Songbird Monitoring to Guide and Evaluate Riparian Restoration in Salmonid-Focused Stream Rehabilitation Projects

Treesearch

Ryan D. Burnett; Thomas Gardali; Geoffrey R. Geupel

2005-01-01

A restoration effort, primarily focused on reducing stranding and improving passage of anadromous fish, has been undertaken along sections of lower Clear Creek, Shasta County, California. Similar projects are occurring throughout California and, indeed, all of North America. To monitor the effects of these efforts at Clear Creek we implemented a multi-faceted songbird...

On small satellites for oceanography: A survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guerra, André G. C.; Francisco, Frederico; Villate, Jaime; Aguado Agelet, Fernando; Bertolami, Orfeu; Rajan, Kanna

2016-10-01

The recent explosive growth of small satellite operations driven primarily from an academic or pedagogical need, has demonstrated the viability of commercial-off-the-shelf technologies in space. They have also leveraged and shown the need for development of compatible sensors primarily aimed for Earth observation tasks including monitoring terrestrial domains, communications and engineering tests. However, one domain that these platforms have not yet made substantial inroads into, is in the ocean sciences. Remote sensing has long been within the repertoire of tools for oceanographers to study dynamic large scale physical phenomena, such as gyres and fronts, bio-geochemical process transport, primary productivity and process studies in the coastal ocean. We argue that the time has come for micro and nano-satellites (with mass smaller than 100 kg and 2-3 year development times) designed, built, tested and flown by academic departments, for coordinated observations with robotic assets in situ. We do so primarily by surveying SmallSat missions oriented towards ocean observations in the recent past, and in doing so, we update the current knowledge about what is feasible in the rapidly evolving field of platforms and sensors for this domain. We conclude by proposing a set of candidate ocean observing missions with an emphasis on radar-based observations, with a focus on Synthetic Aperture Radar.

Indigenous Health and Climate Change

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Indigenous populations have been identified as vulnerable to climate change. This framing, however, is detached from the diverse geographies of how people experience, understand, and respond to climate-related health outcomes, and overlooks nonclimatic determinants. I reviewed research on indigenous health and climate change to capture place-based dimensions of vulnerability and broader determining factors. Studies focused primarily on Australia and the Arctic, and indicated significant adaptive capacity, with active responses to climate-related health risks. However, nonclimatic stresses including poverty, land dispossession, globalization, and associated sociocultural transitions challenge this adaptability. Addressing geographic gaps in existing studies alongside greater focus on indigenous conceptualizations on and approaches to health, examination of global–local interactions shaping local vulnerability, enhanced surveillance, and an evaluation of policy support opportunities are key foci for future research. PMID:22594718

Conceptual metaphors and mathematical practice: on cognitive studies of historical developments in mathematics.

PubMed

Schlimm, Dirk

2013-04-01

This article looks at recent work in cognitive science on mathematical cognition from the perspective of history and philosophy of mathematical practice. The discussion is focused on the work of Lakoff and Núñez, because this is the first comprehensive account of mathematical cognition that also addresses advanced mathematics and its history. Building on a distinction between mathematics as it is presented in textbooks and as it presents itself to the researcher, it is argued that the focus of cognitive analyses of historical developments of mathematics has been primarily on the former, even if they claim to be about the latter. Copyright © 2013 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Monitoring Environmental Performance Commitments in Construction Projects.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-05-01

EPCs are measures implemented during project construction to reduce environmental impacts. These commitments are directed toward the Projects performance period only and focus primarily on reducing the impacts of construction equipment and trucks....

An exploratory study of alternative configurations of governing boards of substance abuse treatment centers

PubMed Central

Blum, Terry C.; Roman, Paul M.

2011-01-01

Boards of directors are the ultimate governing authorities for most organizations providing substance abuse treatment. A governing board may establish policies, monitor and improve operations, and represent a treatment organization to the public. This paper explores alternative configurations of governing boards in a national sample of 500 substance abuse treatment centers. The study proceeds from the premise that boards may be configured with varying levels of engagement in five aspects of internal management and external connections in treatment center operating environments. Based on interviews with treatment center administrative directors, four clusters emerge, describing boards that are: (1) active and balanced across internal and external domains; (2) active boundary spanners concentrating primarily on external relationships; (3) focused primarily on internal organizational management; and (4) relatively inactive. In post hoc analysis, we found that placement in these clusters is associated with treatment center attributes such as rate of growth and financial results, use of evidence based practices and provision of integrated care. PMID:21489737

The Challenge of Problem Residents

PubMed Central

Yao, David C; Wright, Scott M

2001-01-01

Internal medicine residency training is demanding and residents can experience a wide variety of professional and personal difficulties. Residency programs everywhere have had and will continue to have problem residents. Training programs should be equipped to effectively identify and manage residents who experience problems. Previous articles that have been published on the topic of problem residents primarily addressed concerns such as impairment due to depression and substance abuse. The content of this article is derived from a comprehensive review of the literature as well as other data sources such as interviews with program directors and workshops at national professional meetings. This article focuses primarily on four issues related to problem residents: their identification, underlying causes, management, and prevention. The study attempts to be evidence-based, wherever possible, highlighting what is known. Recommendations based on the synthesis of the data are also made. Future ongoing studies of problem residents will improve our understanding of the matters involved, and may ultimately lead to improved outcomes for these trainees. PMID:11520388

A Protocol Analysis of the Influence of Technology on Students' Actions, Verbal Commentary, and Thought Processes During the Performance of Acid-Base Titrations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nakhleh, Mary B.; Krajcik, Joseph S.

1993-01-01

From an analysis of 14 secondary student's actions and thought processes, it was found that technology's level of information affected the focus of student observations. The microcomputer group focused primarily on the graph while other groups exhibited multiple foci. The discussion data also reveal that students have three main ideas about how…

Do Authors of Online Electronic Materials for Teaching Mathematics Use Their Potential to Use Non-Stereotypical Cultural Settings?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moraová, Hana

2017-01-01

The paper focuses on the cultural content of online electronic materials developed primarily by Czech in-service teachers of mathematics for smartboards. The author presents an analysis of these materials with a focus on the cultural settings of word problems they contain. The paper builds on a poster presented on ECEL 2015 conference and a paper…

Focus on Teacher Pay and Incentives: 2005 Legislative Actions and Update on Salary Averages. Challenge to Lead Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaines, Gale F.

2005-01-01

As the largest part of K-12 spending, teacher pay is often the focus of deliberations during legislative sessions. Compensation is an important part of attracting and retaining high-quality teachers. Most teachers continue to be paid based primarily on years of experience and degree level, although some states tie a small portion of compensation…

The Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health Newsletter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Lesley

2011-01-01

The June 2010 LSAH newsletter introduced the change from the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health research study to the new Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health program (An Overview of the New Occupational Surveillance Program for the Astronaut Corps). Instead of performing research-focused retrospective analyses of astronaut medical data compared to a JSC civil servant control population, the new program is focused on prevention of disease and prospective identification and mitigation of health risks in each astronaut due to individual exposure history and the unique occupational exposures experienced by the astronaut corps. The new LSAH program has 5 primary goals: (1) Provide a comprehensive medical exam for each LSAH participant; (2) Conduct occupational surveillance; (3) Improve communication, data accessibility, integrity and storage; (4) Support operational and healthcare analyses; and (5) Support NASA research objectives. This article will focus primarily on the first goal, the comprehensive medical exam. Future newsletters will outline in detail the plans and processes for addressing the remaining program goals.

Assessing the acceptability of NORPLANT implants in four countries: findings from focus group research.

PubMed

Zimmerman, M; Haffey, J; Crane, E; Szumowski, D; Alvarez, F; Bhiromrut, P; Brache, V; Lubis, F; Salah, M; Shaaban, M

1990-01-01

In 1986-87, a qualitative research project was conducted in the Dominican Republic, Egypt, Indonesia, and Thailand to expand understanding of the acceptability of NORPLANT contraceptive implants beyond inferences made on the basis of continuation rates. In each of the four study sites, focus group discussions or in-depth interviews were held with potential acceptors, current NORPLANT users, discontinuers, husbands of women in these three groups, and service providers. Nonclinical participants generally had little formal education and lived primarily in urban or semi-urban areas where NORPLANT has been available for at least five years. The study focused on attitudes, perceptions, and experiences of each group regarding NORPLANT implants. Results suggest that factors having an impact on the acceptability of NORPLANT implants fall into three general categories: medical/technical, cultural/religious, and informational/educational. This article discusses each of these categories, including programmatic implications of the findings, and puts forward recommendations for enhancing NORPLANT introduction efforts on the basis of these findings.

Laboratory accelerated stripping simulator for hot mix asphalt.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-18

Moisture susceptibility of hot mix asphalt (HMA) pavements continues to be a major pavement distress. Past research : has primarily focused on HMA stripping prevention through material component evaluation/testing and addition of : preventative addit...

Regulatory Impact Analysis for the Final Cross-State Air Pollution Rule

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Regulatory Impact Analysis (RIA) presents the health and welfare benefits, costs, and other impacts of the Transport Rule, also called the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule, focusing primarily on 2014.

The Persistence and Importance of Patriotism in the All-Volunteer Force

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-12-13

The description is cast in a theoretical framework which challenges the wisdom of focusing primarily on levels of pay and other market oriented conditions of work when establishing military manpower policy.

Multi-Phase Extraction: State-of-the-Practice

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This report describes the state-of-the-practice for multi-phase extraction (MPE) of contaminated soil and groundwater, focusing primarily on the application and use of MPE at sites with halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs).

Trial guidelines for the conservation of Virginia's historic bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-01-01

Interest in the preservation of historic engineering structures has increased dramatically over the past decade. Because civil engineering structures primarily serve functions in the public domain, their preservation focuses attention on what appear ...

Testing Models of Modern Glacial Erosion of the St. Elias Mountains, Alaska Using Marine Sediment Provenance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Penkrot, M. L.; Jaeger, J. M.; Loss, D. P.; Bruand, E.

2015-12-01

The glaciated coastal St. Elias Range in Alaska is a primary site to examine climate-tectonic interactions. Work has primarily focused on the Bering-Bagley and Malaspina-Seward ice fields, utilizing detrital and bedrock zircon and apatite geochronology to examine local exhumation and glacial erosion (Berger et al., 2008; Enkelmann et al., 2009; Headly et al., 2013). These studies argue for specific regions of tectonically focused or climatically widespread glacial erosion. Analyzed zircon and apatite grains are sand size, however glacial erosion favors the production of finer-grained sediments. This study focuses on the geochemical provenance of the silt-size fraction (15-63μm) of surface sediments collected throughout the Gulf of Alaska (GOA) seaward of the Bering and Malaspina glaciers to test if the exhumation patterns observed in zircon and apatites are also applicable for the silt size fraction. Onshore bedrock Al-normalized elemental data were used to delineate sediment sources, and a subset of provenance-applicable elements was chosen. Detrital thermochronologic data suggest that sediment produced by the Bagley/Bering system is derived from bedrock on the windward side with input from the Chugach Metamorphic Complex (CMC) underlying the Bagley only during glacial surge events (Headly et al., 2013). Geochemical observations of GOA silt deposited during the 1994-95 surge event confirm input of CMC sediment (elevated in Cr, Ni, Sc, Sr, depleted in Hf, Pb and Rb relative to Kultieth and Poul Creek formations). We also observe a windward-side sediment source (Kultieth and Poul Creek). It is hypothesized that the sediment carried by the Malaspina is primarily from CMC rock underlying the Seward ice field mixed with Yakataga formation rock that underlies the Seward throat (Headly et al., 2013). Geochemical observations of GOA silt support this hypothesis.

History of neurologic examination books

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to create an annotated list of textbooks dedicated to teaching the neurologic examination. Monographs focused primarily on the complete neurologic examination published prior to 1960 were reviewed. This analysis was limited to books with the word “examination” in the title, with exceptions for the texts of Robert Wartenberg and Gordon Holmes. Ten manuals met the criteria. Works dedicated primarily to the neurologic examination without a major emphasis on disease description or treatment first appeared in the early 1900s. Georg Monrad-Krohn's “Blue Book of Neurology” (“Blue Bible”) was the earliest success. These treatises served the important purpose of educating trainees on proper neurologic examination technique. They could make a reputation and be profitable for the author (Monrad-Krohn), highlight how neurology was practiced at individual institutions (McKendree, Denny-Brown, Holmes, DeJong, Mayo Clinic authors), and honor retiring mentors (Mayo Clinic authors). PMID:25829645

Host-agent-vector-environment measures for electronic cigarette research used in NIH grants.

PubMed

Garcia-Cazarin, Mary L; Mandal, Rachel J; Grana, Rachel; Wanke, Kay L; Meissner, Helen I

2018-01-13

The purpose of this study is to describe the focus and comprehensiveness of domains measured in e-cigarette research. A portfolio analysis of National Institutes of Health grants focusing on e-cigarette research and funded between the fiscal years 2007 and 2015 was conducted. Grant proposals were retrieved using a government database and coded using the Host-Agent-Vector-Environment (HAVE) model as a framework to characterise the measures proposed. Eighty-one projects met the criteria for inclusion in the analysis. The primary HAVE focus most commonly found was Host (73%), followed by Agent (21%), Vector (6%) and Environment (0%). Intrapersonal measures and use trajectories were the most common measures in studies that include Host measures (n=59 and n=51, respectively). Product composition was the most common area of measurement in Agent studies (n=24), whereas Marketing (n=21) was the most common (n=21) area of Vector measurement. When Environment measures were examined as secondary measures in studies, they primarily focused on measuring Peer, Occupation and Social Networks (n=18). Although all studies mentioned research on e-cigarettes, most (n=52; 64%) did not specify the type of e-cigarette device or liquid solution under study. This analysis revealed a heavy focus on Host measures (73%) and a lack of focus on Environment measures. The predominant focus on Host measures may have the unintended effect of limiting the evidence base for tobacco control and regulatory science. Further, a lack of specificity about the e-cigarette product under study will make comparing results across studies and using the outcomes to inform tobacco policy difficult. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Insulin resistance, the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease risk in women with PCOS.

PubMed

Teede, H J; Hutchison, S; Zoungas, S; Meyer, C

2006-08-01

Polycystic ovary syndrome is the most common endocrinopathy of reproductive aged women affecting 6-10% of the population. Traditionally considered a reproductive disorder manifesting as chronic anovulation, infertility, and hyperandrogenism, management has primarily focused on short-term reproductive outcomes. Recently, however, significant metabolic aspects in conjunction with longer-term health sequealae of PCOS have been recognized. The metabolic features are primarily related to underlying insulin resistance (IR), which is now understood to play an important role in both the pathogenesis and long-term sequelae of PCOS.

An Analysis of the Hidden Costs of Competition in the Procurement of Spare Parts at the Navy Ships Parts Control Center: A Framework for Process Improvement

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

setting of sub- optimal goals and quotas, barriers between departments, and awarding contracts primarily on price are all anti-TQM practices that hinder...customer focus, the setting of sub- optimal goals and quotas, barriers between departments, and awarding contracts primarily on price are all anti-TQM/L...surveys are often required to determine if a lower competitive price could be achieved before exercising options. This requirement is a sub- optimal

Split-Session Focus Group Interviews in the Naturalistic Setting of Family Medicine Offices

PubMed Central

Fetters, Michael D.; Guetterman, Timothy C.; Power, Debra; Nease, Donald E.

2016-01-01

PURPOSE When recruiting health care professionals to focus group interviews, investigators encounter challenges such as busy clinic schedules, recruitment, and a desire to get candid responses from diverse participants. We sought to overcome these challenges using an innovative, office-based, split-session focus group procedure in a project that elicited feedback from family medicine practices regarding a new preventive services model. This procedure entails allocating a portion of time to the entire group and the remaining time to individual subgroups. We discuss the methodologic procedure and the implications of using this approach for data collection. METHODS We conducted split-session focus groups with physicians and staff in 4 primary care practices. The procedure entailed 3 sessions, each lasting 30 minutes: the moderator interviewed physicians and staff together, physicians alone, and staff alone. As part of the focus group interview, we elicited and analyzed participant comments about the split-session format and collected observational field notes. RESULTS The split-session focus group interviews leveraged the naturalistic setting of the office for context-relevant discussion. We tested alternate formats that began in the morning and at lunchtime, to parallel each practice’s workflow. The split-session approach facilitated discussion of topics primarily relevant to staff among staff, topics primarily relevant to physicians among physicians, and topics common to all among all. Qualitative feedback on this approach was uniformly positive. CONCLUSION A split-session focus group interview provides an efficient, effective way to elicit candid qualitative information from all members of a primary care practice in the naturalistic setting where they work. PMID:26755786

Perceived impact of an interprofessional education program on community resilience: an exploratory study.

PubMed

Slack, Marion Kimball; McEwen, Marylyn Morris

2013-09-01

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceived impact of an interprofessional education (IPE) program for health sciences students on two culturally diverse, underserved communities. A community resilience/capacity framework, consisting of catalysts (primarily the creation of awareness) and capital components: human (workforce development), social (networking and empowerment) and economic (volunteer labor and money spent by the program), provided the conceptual underpinnings for the study. Focus groups with stakeholders in two communities, one rural and one metropolitan, were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed by categorizing data according to each capital component. In addition to the concepts contained in the capacity framework a new category, informational capital (data specific to the community) emerged during the analysis. We suggest that by acting as a catalyst a community based interprofessional program can affect components of community resilience/capacity, primarily human, social, and informational capital. Using the community resilience/capacity framework facilitated exploration of the perceived impact of an educational program on one rural and one urban underserved community beyond assessing student outcomes or number of clients served.

Combating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Far-Beyond the Battlefield

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-22

22 Stress Inoculation Training (SIT)………………………………………………..22 Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)……………………………...22 Acceptance...veterans.10 Another excellent evidence-based research study conducted by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academies, conducted by...civilian sector and military medicine . This research paper is primarily focused on some of the most prominent evidence-based treatments currently

Rebalancing the Use of Force: Military Action and U.S. Foreign Policy Beyond 2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-27

Master of Military Studies Research Paper 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) September 2011 – April 2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Rebalancing the Use of Force...this effort possible. Every time I left his office with a new book or insight that was crucial in my research . I would also like to recognize my...September 11, 2001. In the post -9/11 world, America’s foreign policy focused on prevention and preemption, primarily through the use of military force

What's changed and what's stayed the same: a case study in nursing and philanthropy.

PubMed

Judge, Kate

2014-01-01

Philanthropic resources can help the nursing profession and nurses advance the health of the nation. While progress has been made by nursing organizations, primarily in academia, to fundraise for nursing-focused projects over the last 20 years, nursing receives little of the total annual US giving. The American Nurses Foundation's recent expansion provides an example of changes in philanthropy within the context of how the core principles of fundraising and market change can leverage giving for nursing activities and nurses.

Health services research.

PubMed

Litwin, Mark S

2008-07-01

The discipline of health services research, often loosely referred to as outcomes research, is primarily focused on the study of access to care, costs of care, and quality of care. Access to care includes everything that facilitates or impedes the actual use of medical services. Costs of care include financial and nonfinancial payments by insurers and individuals for medical services as well as the opportunity cost of lost wages and the societal cost of decreased productivity. Quality of care encompasses elements of the structure, process, and outcome of medical care.

Childhood rhabdomyosarcoma.

PubMed

Córdoba Rovira, S M; Inarejos Clemente, E J

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft-tissue sarcoma in children; it can appear in any part of the body. Its biological behavior varies widely, and despite the absence of specific clinical or radiological characteristics, rhabdomyosarcoma should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of solid tumors in children. This review focuses primarily on the imaging findings and anatomical distribution of the histological subtypes of childhood rhabdomyosarcoma and secondarily on the differential findings in histological studies. Copyright © 2016 SERAM. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

The Science of Strategic Communication

EPA Science Inventory

The field of Strategic Communication involves a focused effort to identify, develop, and present multiple types of communication media on a given subject. A Strategic Communication program recognizes the limitations of the most common communication models (primarily “one s...

Elementary Excitations in Quantum Liquids.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pines, David

1981-01-01

Discusses elementary excitations and their role in condensed matter physics, focusing on quantum plasma, helium liquids, and superconductors. Considers research primarily conducted in the 1950s and concludes with a brief survey of some closely related further developments. (Author/JN)

Private sector deployment of intelligent transportation systems : current status and trends

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-02-01

This report summarizes the current state of deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems and related technologies by the private sector in the United States. Coverage is focused primarily on in-vehicle entertainment, information and communication...

PM2.5 Gravimetric Lab Training (2016 NAAMC)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This training focused on understanding/applying the PM2.5 FRM in 40 CFR part 50, Appendix L and the updated QA Guidance Document 2.12. it was geared primarily for monitoring and QA managers and staff.

Explosive Deep Sea Volcanism Produces Composite Volcanoes (Stratocones) with Predominantly Diffuse Flow Hydrothermal Ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubin, K. H.; Chadwick, W. C.; Embley, R. W.; Butterfield, D. A.

2018-05-01

Newly-discovered extensive explosive deep sea volcanism produces distinct stratovolcano structures and physical rock characteristics, and host primarily diffuse flow hydrothermal activity, unlike focused flow systems at effusive submarine volcanoes.

African American Women’s Preparation for Childbirth From the Perspective of African American Health-Care Providers

PubMed Central

Abbyad, Christine; Robertson, Trina Reed

2011-01-01

Preparation for birthing has focused primarily on Caucasian women. No studies have explored African American women’s birth preparation. From the perceptions of 12 African American maternity health-care providers, this study elicited perceptions of the ways in which pregnant African American women prepare for childbirth. Focus group participants answered seven semistructured questions. Four themes emerged: connecting with nurturers, traversing an unresponsive system, the need to be strong, and childbirth classes not a priority. Recommendations for nurses and childbirth educators include: (a) self-awareness of attitudes toward African Americans, (b) empowering of clients for birthing, (c) recognition of the role that pregnant women’s mothers play, (d) tailoring of childbirth classes for African American women, and (e) research on how racism influences pregnant African American women’s preparation for birthing. PMID:22211059

The role of sports in making sense of the process of growing old.

PubMed

Eman, Josefin

2012-12-01

Drawing on interviews with 22 athletically active old men and women, the study explores whether and how the practice of sports can affect old adults' processes of sense-making about old age and the process of growing old in ways that challenge dominant constructions about old age. Thereto, the study will explore the possible impact of gender in this process. The results show that men and women who continue to practice competitive sports into old age make sense of the process of growing old by focusing primarily on their physical abilities, at least in the context of sports. This focus on capability age allows them partly, although not completely, to challenge the usual thinking about old age and the process of growing old. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

What Do Patients Want? Patient Preference in Wound Care

PubMed Central

Corbett, Lisa Q.; Ennis, William J.

2014-01-01

Patient preferences are statements made or actions taken by consumers that reflect their desirability of a range of health options. The concept occupies an increasingly prominent place at the center of healthcare reform, and is connected to all aspects of healthcare, including discovery, research, delivery, outcome, and payment. Patient preference research has focused on shared decisions, decisional aids, and clinical practice guideline development, with limited study in acute and chronic wound care populations. The wound care community has focused primarily on patient focused symptoms and quality of life measurement. With increasing recognition of wound care as a medical specialty and as a public health concern that consumes extensive resources, attention to the preferences of end-users with wounds is necessary. This article will provide an overview of related patient-centered concepts and begin to establish a framework for consideration of patient preference in wound care. PMID:25126474

Emotional reactions to human reproductive cloning.

PubMed

May, Joshua

2016-01-01

Extant surveys of people's attitudes towards human reproductive cloning focus on moral judgements alone, not emotional reactions or sentiments. This is especially important given that some (especially Leon Kass) have argued against such cloning on the ground that it engenders widespread negative emotions, like disgust, that provide a moral guide. To provide some data on emotional reactions to human cloning, with a focus on repugnance, given its prominence in the literature. This brief mixed-method study measures the self-reported attitudes and emotions (positive or negative) towards cloning from a sample of participants in the USA. Most participants condemned cloning as immoral and said it should be illegal. The most commonly reported positive sentiment was by far interest/curiosity. Negative emotions were much more varied, but anxiety was the most common. Only about a third of participants selected disgust or repugnance as something they felt, and an even smaller portion had this emotion come to mind prior to seeing a list of options. Participants felt primarily interested and anxious about human reproductive cloning. They did not primarily feel disgust or repugnance. This provides initial empirical evidence that such a reaction is not appropriately widespread. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Enuresis and encopresis: ten years of progress.

PubMed

Mikkelsen, E J

2001-10-01

To review the progress made over the past decade with regard to the treatment of enuresis and encopresis, as well as advances in the understanding of etiological mechanisms. Separate computerized literature (English language only) searches of Medline and PsycINFO databases were conducted under the parameter of enuresis and children-adolescents, as well as encopresis and children-adolescents. There has been a substantial decrease in published research concerning the use of imipramine to treat enuresis compared with the prior two decades, accompanied by a corresponding increase in the number of papers concerning desmopressin acetate (DDAVP), which has become the primary pharmacological treatment. Genetic studies of large pedigrees have further confirmed the importance of heritable factors. With regard to encopresis, the research has focused primarily on pathophysiological factors related to the colon and anal sphincter. The widespread use of DDAVP has been the primary addition to treatment strategies over the past decade. The bell-and-pad method of conditioning, the only major treatment that has enduring benefit after being withdrawn, is the most cost-effective and appears to be underutilized. Research into etiological mechanisms has focused primarily on the mechanism of action of DDAVP and advances in the understanding of genetic factors. Advances in the treatment and etiological understanding of encopresis have been less impressive.

Ecology and management of grapevine leafroll disease.

PubMed

Almeida, Rodrigo P P; Daane, Kent M; Bell, Vaughn A; Blaisdell, G Kai; Cooper, Monica L; Herrbach, Etienne; Pietersen, Gerhard

2013-01-01

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is caused by a complex of vector-borne virus species in the family Closteroviridae. GLD is present in all grape-growing regions of the world, primarily affecting wine grape varieties. The disease has emerged in the last two decades as one of the major factors affecting grape fruit quality, leading to research efforts aimed at reducing its economic impact. Most research has focused on the pathogens themselves, such as improved detection protocols, with limited work directed toward disease ecology and the development of management practices. Here we discuss the ecology and management of GLD, focusing primarily on Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, the most important virus species within the complex. We contextualize research done on this system within an ecological framework that forms the backbone of the discussion regarding current and potential GLD management strategies. To reach this goal, we introduce various aspects of GLD biology and ecology, followed by disease management case studies from four different countries and continents (South Africa, New Zealand, California-USA, and France). We review ongoing regional efforts that serve as models for improved strategies to control this economically important and worldwide disease, highlighting scientific gaps that must be filled for the development of knowledge-based sustainable GLD management practices.

Ecology and management of grapevine leafroll disease

PubMed Central

Almeida, Rodrigo P. P.; Daane, Kent M.; Bell, Vaughn A.; Blaisdell, G. Kai; Cooper, Monica L.; Herrbach, Etienne; Pietersen, Gerhard

2013-01-01

Grapevine leafroll disease (GLD) is caused by a complex of vector-borne virus species in the family Closteroviridae. GLD is present in all grape-growing regions of the world, primarily affecting wine grape varieties. The disease has emerged in the last two decades as one of the major factors affecting grape fruit quality, leading to research efforts aimed at reducing its economic impact. Most research has focused on the pathogens themselves, such as improved detection protocols, with limited work directed toward disease ecology and the development of management practices. Here we discuss the ecology and management of GLD, focusing primarily on Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3, the most important virus species within the complex. We contextualize research done on this system within an ecological framework that forms the backbone of the discussion regarding current and potential GLD management strategies. To reach this goal, we introduce various aspects of GLD biology and ecology, followed by disease management case studies from four different countries and continents (South Africa, New Zealand, California-USA, and France). We review ongoing regional efforts that serve as models for improved strategies to control this economically important and worldwide disease, highlighting scientific gaps that must be filled for the development of knowledge-based sustainable GLD management practices. PMID:23630520

Life history of a large flake biface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baena Preysler, Javier; Torres Navas, Concepción; Sharon, Gonen

2018-06-01

Bifaces, primarily handaxes and cleavers, are the hallmark of the Acheulian techno-complex lithic industry. They spread across Africa and Eurasia during the Early to Middle Pleistocene. While many attempts have been made to define and describe the typology and technology of these tools, most focus on a single stage in their manufacture and usage, from quarry to discard. These attempts are fragmented, primarily due to the fact that at no single site are all stages of biface manufacture and use represented. An additional factor that appears to impede attempts to present the full "life cycle" of bifaces is the view of all Acheulian assemblages as belonging to a single cultural entity. While all assemblages belong to the same techno-complex, distinct stages and phases should be recognized, each different in typology, technology, and probably also in chronology. This research focuses on the large flake stage of the Acheulian. Data accumulated over many years of research from different regions are analyzed together in an attempt to present a holistic view of the life cycle of a biface. The study of particular Acheulian sites from the Levant and Western Europe enables us to reconstruct all stages of the biface, from raw material exploitation to final discard. The result is a model more comprehensive and precise than those suggested previously for understanding the Large Flake Acheulian.

Filipino women's diet and health study (FiLWHEL): design and methods.

PubMed

Abris, Grace P; Hong, Sangmo; Provido, Sherlyn Mae P; Lee, Jung Eun; Lee, Chang Beom

2017-02-01

Immigration to South Korea from neighboring Asian countries has risen dramatically, primarily due to marriage between Korean men and foreign women. Although Filipino women rank fourth among married immigrant women, little is known about the health condition of this population. This manuscript focuses on the design and methods of Filipino women's diet and health study (FiLWHEL). FiLWHEL is a cohort of Filipino women married to Korean men, aged 19 years old or over. The data collection comprised three parts: questionnaire, physical examination, and biospecimen collection. Questionnaires focused on demographic factors, diet, other health-related behaviors, acculturation and immigration-related factors, medical history, quality of life, and children's health information. Participants visited the recruitment site and answered the structured questionnaires through a face-to-face interview. We also measured their anthropometric features and collected fasting blood samples, toenails, and DNA samples. Recruitment started in 2014. Collection of data is ongoing, and we plan to prospectively follow our cohort participants. We expect that our study, which is focused on married Filipino women immigrants, can elucidate nutritional/health status and the effects of transitional experiences from several lifestyle factors.

The ApoE receptors Vldlr and Apoer2 in central nervous system function and disease.

PubMed

Lane-Donovan, Courtney; Herz, Joachim

2017-06-01

The LDL receptor (LDLR) family has long been studied for its role in cholesterol transport and metabolism; however, the identification of ApoE4, an LDLR ligand, as a genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimer's disease has focused attention on the role this receptor family plays in the CNS. Surprisingly, it was discovered that two LDLR family members, ApoE receptor 2 (Apoer2) and VLDL receptor (Vldlr), play key roles in brain development and adult synaptic plasticity, primarily by mediating Reelin signaling. This review focuses on Apoer2 and Vldlr signaling in the CNS and its role in human disease. Copyright © 2017 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application.

PubMed

Navarra, Michele; Mannucci, Carmen; Delbò, Marisa; Calapai, Gioacchino

2015-01-01

Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, also known as "Bergamot," is a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, defined as a hybrid of bitter orange and lemon. It is an endemic plant of the Calabria region (Italy). Bergamot fruit is primarily used for the extraction of its essential oil (bergamot essential oil: BEO), employed in perfume, cosmetics, food, and confections. The aim of this review was to collect recent data from the literature on C. bergamia essential oil and, through a critical analysis, focus on safety and the beneficial effects on human health. Clinical studies on the therapeutic applications of BEO exclusively focus on the field of aromatherapy, suggesting that its use can be useful for reducing anxiety and stress.

Citrus bergamia essential oil: from basic research to clinical application

PubMed Central

Navarra, Michele; Mannucci, Carmen; Delbò, Marisa; Calapai, Gioacchino

2015-01-01

Citrus bergamia Risso et Poiteau, also known as “Bergamot,” is a plant belonging to the Rutaceae family, defined as a hybrid of bitter orange and lemon. It is an endemic plant of the Calabria region (Italy). Bergamot fruit is primarily used for the extraction of its essential oil (bergamot essential oil: BEO), employed in perfume, cosmetics, food, and confections. The aim of this review was to collect recent data from the literature on C. bergamia essential oil and, through a critical analysis, focus on safety and the beneficial effects on human health. Clinical studies on the therapeutic applications of BEO exclusively focus on the field of aromatherapy, suggesting that its use can be useful for reducing anxiety and stress. PMID:25784877

LEARNING FROM OTHERS: CHILDREN’S CONSTRUCTION OF CONCEPTS

PubMed Central

Gelman, Susan A.

2010-01-01

Much of children’s knowledge is derived not from their direct experiences with the environment but rather from the input of others. However, until recently, the focus in studies of concept development was primarily on children’s knowledge, with relatively little attention paid to the nature of the input. The last 10 years have seen an important shift in focus. This chapter reviews this approach, by examining the nature of the input, and the nature of the learner, to shed light on early conceptual learning. These findings argue against the simple notion that conceptual development is either supplied by the environment or innately specified, and instead demonstrate how the two work together. The implications for how children reconcile competing belief systems are also discussed. PMID:18631027

Sensitivity Analysis in Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adelman, Howard M. (Compiler); Haftka, Raphael T. (Compiler)

1987-01-01

The symposium proceedings presented focused primarily on sensitivity analysis of structural response. However, the first session, entitled, General and Multidisciplinary Sensitivity, focused on areas such as physics, chemistry, controls, and aerodynamics. The other four sessions were concerned with the sensitivity of structural systems modeled by finite elements. Session 2 dealt with Static Sensitivity Analysis and Applications; Session 3 with Eigenproblem Sensitivity Methods; Session 4 with Transient Sensitivity Analysis; and Session 5 with Shape Sensitivity Analysis.

Multimodal Cues in the Socialization of Joint Attention in Young Children with Varying Degrees of Vision: Getting the POINT Even When You Can't See It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rickard, Carolyn

2013-01-01

Research on joint attention and language learning has focused primarily on cues requiring visual access. However, this narrow focus cannot account for the emergence of language among some congenitally blind children who develop language on the same developmental timescale as their sighted peers. Findings from this longitudinal, retrospective study…

A Different World: Native American Children's Perceptions of Race and Class in the Media. A Series of Focus Groups of Native American Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Perry; Haufler, Adrienne; Taam, Heidi

This pamphlet presents the results of a series of focus groups comprised of Native American children and adolescents regarding their perceptions of race and class in the media. The results indicated that although some youth were concerned most about the absence of their group in the media, others were primarily concerned about stereotyped…

Constantly Weighing the Pig Will Not Make It Grow: Do Teachers Teach Assessment Tests or the Curriculum?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

le Cordeur, Michael

2014-01-01

For a number of years now, South Africa, like many other countries, has been debating a major paradigm shift in education, a shift from learning and teaching, which focused primarily on content to learning and teaching focused on outcomes. One of the most dramatic trends in education over the past decade has been the shift towards the use of…

Summary of biological investigations relating to water quality in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages, Wisconsin and Michigan

USGS Publications Warehouse

Scudder, B.C.; Rheaume, S.J.; Parsons, S.R.; Lenz, B.N.

1996-01-01

Most biological studies related to waterquality conditions in the Western Lake Michigan Drainages have focused on populations and community structure of aquatic biota. Chemical concentrations in tissues of aquatic biota have been the next most common area of research. Our review suggests a paucity of data related to the health of all types of aquatic biota, especially amphibians, invertebrates, and reptiles; toxicity studies also were relatively uncommon. Overall, organisms primarily studied have been fish and invertebrates, although birds are most frequently examined in studies of organism health. The Fox/ Wolf Subbasin has been the focus of many more studies than the other subbasins, most likely because of the greater extent and severity of known water-quality problems in the Lower Fox River/Green Bay area over the past several decades and because it is the largest subbasin. Studies in the other subbasins are needed to adequately assess the water quality of these areas.

Meta-analysis of Dropout in Treatments for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder

PubMed Central

Imel, Zac E.; Laska, Kevin; Jakcupcak, Matthew; Simpson, Tracy L.

2013-01-01

Objective Many patients dropout of treatments for Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and some clinicians believe that ‘trauma focused’ treatments increase dropout. Method We conducted a meta-analysis of dropout among active treatments in clinical trials for PTSD (42 studies; 17 direct comparisons). Results The average dropout rate was 18%, but it varied significantly across studies. Group modality and greater number of sessions, but not trauma focus, predicted increased dropout. When the meta-analysis was restricted to direct comparisons of active treatments, there were no differences in dropout. Differences in trauma focus between treatments in the same study did not predict dropout. However, trauma focused treatments resulted in higher dropout as compared to Present Centered Therapy (PCT) – a treatment originally designed as a control, but now listed as a research supported intervention for PTSD. Conclusion Dropout varies between active interventions for PTSD across studies, but differences are primarily driven by differences between studies. There do not appear to be systematic differences across active interventions when they are directly compared in the same study. The degree of clinical attention placed on the traumatic event does not appear to be a primary cause of dropout from active treatments. However comparisons of PCT may be an exception to this general pattern, perhaps due to a restriction of variability in trauma focus among comparisons of active treatments. More research is needed comparing trauma focused interventions to trauma avoidant treatments such as PCT. PMID:23339535

Savannah River Site Environmental Report for 1998

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arnett, M

The mission at the Savannah River Site (SRS) is focused primarily on support of the national defense, nonproliferation, and environmental cleanup. SRS-through its prime operating contractor, Westinghouse Savannah River Company-continues to maintain a comprehensive environmental monitoring program.

Developing infrastructure for interconnecting transportation network and electric grid.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-09-01

This report is primarily focused on the development of mathematical models that can be used to : support decisions regarding a charging station location and installation problem. The major parts : of developing the models included identification of t...

Effectiveness of Chip Sealing and Micro Surfacing on Pavement Serviceability and Life

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-05-01

This report presents the details of an investigation to evaluate the effectiveness of Ohio Department of Transportations prevailing chip seal and micro surfacing practices. The investigation focused primarily on two issues namely, optimal timing o...

Parasitoids attacking emerald ash borers in western Pennsylvania and their potential use in biological control

Treesearch

J.J. Duan; R.W. Fuester; J. Wildonger; P.B. Taylor; S. Barth; S-E. Spichiger

2009-01-01

Current biological control programs against the emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire) have primarily focused on the introduction and releases of exotic parasitoids from China, home of the pest origin....

Dimensional Stability of Grout-Type Materials Used as Connections for Prefabricated Bridge Elements

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-05-01

The research presented in this report focuses on addressing performance concerns related to dimensional stability (primarily early age shrinkage) of 11 commercially available grout-type materials. Some of these grouts, especially those classified as ...

Sexuality Education--What Is It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sex Education: Sexuality, Society and Learning, 2016

2016-01-01

This policy brief developed by the European Expert Group on Sexuality Education provides an overview of key issues in sexuality education. It focuses primarily on sexuality education in Europe and Central Asia but is also relevant to countries outside of these regions.

Policy. IDRA Focus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

IDRA Newsletter, 1997

1997-01-01

This newsletter includes five articles about educational and school policies, primarily related to equality of educational opportunity. "Texas Legislature Considers Much for Education, Accomplishes Little" (Albert Cortez, Anna Alicia Romero) summarizes educational legislation considered by the Texas legislature in the session ending in…

Conversations to Transform Geometry Class

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szydlik, Jennifer Earles; Parrott, Amy; Belnap, Jason Knight

2016-01-01

Classroom culture is negotiated and established through both conversations and practices. Traditionally, teachers and researchers have focused primarily on the individual and social construction of mathematical content--that is, students' conceptual understanding and procedural skills--through mathematical actions and practices. This article…

A COMPREHENSIVE LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOPOLYMER POLYLACTIC ACID

EPA Science Inventory

Research into the environmental implications of biobased production has focused primarily on global warming and fossil fuel use, while neglecting other environmental impacts. There are a multitude of contemporary environmental problems associated with the production of agricultu...

Prototype design for a predictive model to improve evacuation operations : technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-08-01

Mass evacuations of the Texas Gulf Coast remain a difficult challenge. These events are massive in scale, : highly complex, and entail an intricate, ever-changing conglomeration of technical and jurisdictional issues. : This project focused primarily...

Utility of blood pressure genetic risk score in admixed Hispanic samples.

PubMed

Beecham, A H; Wang, L; Vasudeva, N; Liu, Z; Dong, C; Goldschmidt-Clermont, P J; Pericak-Vance, M A; Rundek, T; Seo, D; Blanton, S H; Sacco, R L; Beecham, G W

2016-12-01

Hypertension is strongly influenced by genetic factors. Although hypertension prevalence in some Hispanic sub-populations is greater than in non-Hispanic whites, genetic studies on hypertension have focused primarily on samples of European descent. A recent meta-analysis of 200 000 individuals of European descent identified 29 common genetic variants that influence blood pressure, and a genetic risk score derived from the 29 variants has been proposed. We sought to evaluate the utility of this genetic risk score in Hispanics. The sample set consists of 1994 Hispanics from 2 cohorts: the Northern Manhattan Study (primarily Dominican/Puerto Rican) and the Miami Cardiovascular Registry (primarily Cuban/South American). Risk scores for systolic and diastolic blood pressure were computed as a weighted sum of the risk alleles, with the regression coefficients reported in the European meta-analysis used as weights. Association of risk score with blood pressure was tested within each cohort, adjusting for age, age 2 , sex and body mass index. Results were combined using an inverse-variance meta-analysis. The risk score was significantly associated with blood pressure in our combined sample (P=5.65 × 10 -4 for systolic and P=1.65 × 10 -3 for diastolic) but the magnitude of the effect sizes varied by degree of European, African and Native American admixture. Further studies among other Hispanic sub-populations are needed to elucidate the role of these 29 variants and identify additional genetic and environmental factors contributing to blood pressure variability in Hispanics.

Why some behaviors spread while others don't: A laboratory simulation of dialect contact.

PubMed

Sneller, Betsy; Roberts, Gareth

2018-01-01

The question of how behavioral variants compete and propagate is of primary importance to the study of cultural evolution; with respect to language, it is also an important focus of the field of sociolinguistics. Variant propagation can occur by neutral means-akin to drift in biological evolution-or through selection, whereby individuals are biased in what variants they adopt. An important bias concerns social meaning, and sociolinguistic theory distinguishes between variants that are primarily associated with a particular social group (such as working-class people or Texans) and variants primarily associated with a perceived trait of the group (such as toughness). In the former case, variants are hypothesized to propagate neutrally; in the latter case, provided the trait is socially relevant to adopters, variants are hypothesized to be subject to selection and to propagate more readily. To test this hypothesis we conducted an experimental study in which groups of four participants played a game that involved instant messaging in an artificial "alien language" with two dialects. Each player was assigned to one of two alien species, the weaker Wiwos or the tougher Burls. The social meaning of one feature of the Burl dialect was manipulated, and the results strongly supported the hypothesis: Variants from the Burl dialect were used by Wiwos in all conditions, but when associated primarily with "tougher aliens", the rate of adoption was significantly greater than when they were associated primarily with "Burls". When toughness was made irrelevant to the game, the effect of association disappeared, emphasizing the importance of social relevance in the propagation of behavioral variants. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Comparison of attention training and cognitive therapy in the treatment of social phobia: a preliminary investigation.

PubMed

Donald, Juliet; Abbott, Maree J; Smith, Evelyn

2014-01-01

Prominent models of social phobia highlight the role played by attentional factors, such as self-focused attention, in the development and maintenance of social phobia. Elevated self-focused attention is associated with increases in self-rated anxiety. Treatments that aim to modify and change attentional processes, specifically self-focused attention, will have a direct effect on social phobia symptoms. Thus, Attention Training targets attentional focus. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Attention Training in comparison to an established treatment for social phobia, Cognitive Therapy. Participants (Intention-to-treat = 45; completers = 30) were allocated to either 6 weeks of Attention Training or Cognitive Therapy. It was hypothesized that both treatments would be effective in reducing social phobia symptoms, but that Attention Training would work primarily by reducing levels of self-focused attention. The results found an overall effectiveness of both treatment conditions in reducing social phobia symptoms. However, Attention Training significantly improved scores on the Self-Focused Attention questionnaire and the Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation questionnaire compared to Cognitive Therapy. Attention Training seems to be a promising treatment for social phobia.

EMP/GMD Phase 0 Report, A Review of EMP Hazard Environments and Impacts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rivera, Michael Kelly; Backhaus, Scott N.; Woodroffe, Jesse Richard

The purpose of this study is to determine methods to analyze the hazard environments, impacts, and consequences of different sources of electromagnetic pulse (EMP), including nuclear electromagnetic pulse (NEMP) and geomagnetic disturbance (GMD) on the U.S. electric power infrastructures and to use those methods to determine EMP and GMD events of concern. The study will be carried out in four phases, each of which will provide higher levels of analytic fidelity that focuses on those EMP/GMD sources and events that create significant consequences, or whose consequences are sufficiently uncertain, to require more in-depth study. This study will leverage the bestmore » experimental data; device, equipment and system models; and simulation tools currently available. This study focuses primarily on the bulk electric system (BES) including large generating stations, large power transformers, the transmission network, and transmission system protection. Electrical distribution systems may potentially be included, if warranted, after consideration of the consequences for the bulk power system.« less

Ferritin and iron studies in anaemia and chronic disease.

PubMed

Peng, Ying Y; Uprichard, James

2017-01-01

Anaemia is a condition in which the number of red cells necessary to meet the body's physiological requirements is insufficient. Iron deficiency anaemia and the anaemia of chronic disease are the two most common causes of anaemia worldwide; 1 iron homeostasis plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of both diseases. An understanding of how iron studies can be used to distinguish between these diseases is therefore essential not only for diagnosis but also in guiding management. This review will primarily focus on iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia of chronic disease; however, iron overload in anaemia will also be briefly discussed.

The performance of adobe and other thermal mass materials in residential buildings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robertson, D.

1986-01-01

This paper reviews the history and current status of thermal mass research, and national, state, and local codes with respect to thermal mass; and offers specific recommendations on how best to use thermal mass for energy efficiency and comfort. Much of the material comes directly from the Southwest Thermal Mass Study (SWTMS), an experimental research study on the thermal performance of adobe conducted at Tesuque Pueblo, New Mexico, in the early 1980s. The focus is primarily on residential construction, although the theory and most of the recommendations apply to small commercial buildings as well.

Making it work: informal caregiving, cancer, and employment.

PubMed

Swanberg, Jennifer E

2006-01-01

Studies of informal caregivers for people with cancer have primarily focused on the family, or personal factors that contribute to, or mediate the stress associated with providing care to a loved one. However, the majority of research models have failed to consider the role that workplace factors may play in caregivers' work-family conflict, and stress. This qualitative study identifies the workplace factors that inhibit or facilitate the ability of informal caregivers of cancer patients to provide care to a loved one and to determine the aspects of caregiving that hinder caregivers' ability to meet work responsibilities. Implications for further research are discussed.

Discrete X-Ray Source Populations and Star Formation History in Nearby Galaxies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zezas, Andreas; Hasan, Hashima (Technical Monitor)

2005-01-01

This program aims in understanding the connection between the discrete X-ray source populations observed in nearby galaxies and the history of star-formation in these galaxies. The ultimate goal is to use this knowledge in order to constrain X-ray binary evolution channels. For this reason although the program is primarily observational it has a significant modeling component. During the second year of this study we focused on detailed studies of the Antennae galaxies and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC). We also performed the initial analysis of the 5 galaxies forming a starburst-age sequence.

Investigation of Allan variance for determining noise spectral forms with application to microwave radiometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stanley, William D.

1994-01-01

An investigation of the Allan variance method as a possible means for characterizing fluctuations in radiometric noise diodes has been performed. The goal is to separate fluctuation components into white noise, flicker noise, and random-walk noise. The primary means is by discrete-time processing, and the study focused primarily on the digital processes involved. Noise satisfying the requirements was generated by direct convolution, fast Fourier transformation (FFT) processing in the time domain, and FFT processing in the frequency domain. Some of the numerous results obtained are presented along with the programs used in the study.

In Situ Dating Experiments of Igneous Rocks Using the KArLE Instrument: A Case Study for Approximately 380 Ma Basaltic Rocks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cho, Yuichiro; Cohen, Barbara A.

2018-01-01

We report new K-Ar isochron data for two approximately 380 Ma basaltic rocks, using an updated version of the Potassium-Argon Laser Experiment (KArLE). These basalts have K contents comparable to lunar KREEP basalts or igneous lithologies found by Mars rovers, whereas previous proof-of-concept studies focused primarily on more K-rich rocks. We continue to measure these analogue samples to show the advancing capability of in situ K-Ar geochronology. KArLE is applicable to other bodies including the Moon or asteroids.

Clinical pharmacy services in an intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded.

PubMed

McKee, J R

1994-03-01

The impact of a focused drug regimen review process based on clear objectives and of interdisciplinary team cooperation is described. By shifting from a pharmacy departmental focus, which was primarily on drug distribution activities, to a broader agenda that promotes pharmacists as clinicians, inroads were made in reducing medication doses per resident, decreasing nursing time spent in medication administration, and decreasing pharmacy expenses in this residential facility for the developmentally disabled.

Creating and testing regulatory focus messages to enhance medication adherence.

PubMed

O'Connor, Ashley; Ladebue, Amy; Peterson, Jamie; Davis, Ryan; Jung Grant, Susan; McCreight, Marina; Lambert-Kerzner, Anne

2018-01-01

Objectives Strategies were explored to improve patient adherence to cardioprotective medications by borrowing from a motivational framework used in psychology, regulatory focus theory. The current study is part of a larger randomized control trial and was aimed at understanding what written educational messages, based on patients' regulatory focus tendency, resonated with each individual as a potential reminder to take medications. This study was also aimed at understanding why messages resonated with the patients. Methods Twenty veterans were tested for regulatory fitand presented with messages dependent on focus tendency. In-person semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect feedback of messages. An iterative analysis drawing primarily on matrix and reflexive team analyses was conducted. Result Six promotion and six prevention messages emerged, such as "team up with your provider to create a combination of medications to prevent illness" and "Live your best life - Take your medications". Five themes related to types of health messages that spoke to patients' regulatory fit were discovered: relatability; empowerment and control; philosophy on life; relationship with provider and medications; and vocabulary effect on the impact of messages. Discussion Motivational messages based on regulatory fit may be useful in improving patient medication adherence, leading to improved cardiovascular outcomes.

Strategic Communication and its Utility in Ecosystem Service Science

EPA Science Inventory

The field of Strategic Communication involves a focused effort to identify, develop, and present multiple types of communication media on a given subject. A Strategic Communication program recognizes the limitations of the most common communication models (primarily “one s...

Plantings, Number Four, April 1983.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Jacqueline D., Ed.; Young, Robert E., Ed.

1983-01-01

Faculty development through peer observation, faculty revitalization through curricular change, and interdisciplinary work are addressed in this newsletter issue. The peer observation process is primarily directed toward fine-tuning or adjusting existing competencies, and usually focuses on factors such as questioning, clarity, organization,…

Integration of Ground Access to Airports in Measures of Inter-Urban Accessibility

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-07-07

This report primarily focuses on the spatial variation of air passenger trip times through the dual transport modes, ground access to and flight routing between airports, in an empirical data-driven assessment. Expected journeys from individual censu...

En Route Jet Aircraft Noise Analysis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-15

Most research into commercial noise is primarily focused on reducing the community noise, noise that the local population near an airport experiences as aircraft takeoff and land. While this type of noise may be a main driver for the noise that commu...

Space Shuttle Experiments Take Flight.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mohler, Robert R. J.

1997-01-01

Describes a primarily volunteer project that was developed with private industry to contribute to the research on space-grown vegetables and to promote science as a career. Focuses on the effects of microgravity and space travel on the germination and growth of plants. (DDR)

2007 motor vehicle occupant safety survey : driver education and graduated driver licensing

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-12-01

This Research Note summarizes selected results from the 2007 MVOSS. It focuses primarily on information collected regarding driver education and GDL. This was a new module introduced in 2007. The data are weighted to yield national estimates.

Epidemiology of nontuberculous mycobacteria isolations among central North Carolina residents, 2006-2010

EPA Science Inventory

BACKGROUND: Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are environmental mycobacteria associated with a range of infections. Reports of NTM epidemiology have primarily focused on pulmonary infections and isolations, however extrapulmonary infections of the skin, soft tissues and sterile s...

Ozone Response to Aircraft Emissions: Sensitivity Studies with Two-dimensional Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ko, Malcolm K. W.; Weisenstein, Debra; Jackman, Charles H.; Douglass, Anne R.; Bureske, K.; Weubbles, Donald J.; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Brasseur, G.; Pyle, J.; Jones, Anna

1992-01-01

Our first intercomparison/assessment of the effects of a proposed high-speed civil transport (HSCT) fleet on the stratosphere is presented. These model calculations should be considered more as sensitivity studies, primarily designed to serve the following purposes: (1) to allow for intercomparison of model predictions; (2) to focus on the range of fleet operations and engine specifications giving minimal environmental impact; and (3) to provide the basis for future assessment studies. The basic scenarios were chosen to be as realistic as possible, using the information available on anticipated developments in technology. They are not to be interpreted as a commitment or goal for environmental acceptability.

Aerobrake concepts for NTP systems study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cruz, Manuel I.

1992-01-01

Design concepts are described for landing large spacecraft masses on the Mars surface in support of manned missions with interplanetary transportation using Nuclear Thermal Propulsion (NTP). Included are the mission and systems analyses, trade studies and sensitivity analyses, design analyses, technology assessment, and derived requirements to support this concept. The mission phases include the Mars de-orbit, entry, terminal descent, and terminal touchdown. The study focuses primarily on Mars surface delivery from orbit after Mars orbit insertion using an NTP. The requirements associated with delivery of logistical supplies, habitats, and other equipment on minimum energy Earth to Mars transfers are also addressed in a preliminary fashion.

Asking good clinical research questions and choosing the right study design.

PubMed

Bragge, P

2010-07-01

Clinicians and researchers seek answers to clinical research questions, primarily by accessing the results of clinical research studies. This paper moves the focus of research enquiry from getting answers to developing good clinical research questions. Using worked examples, the steps involved in refining questions drawn from various sources to create 'answerable' clinical research questions using the 'PICO' principle are described. Issues to consider in prioritising clinical research questions are also identified. Theoretical and practical considerations involved in choosing the right study design for a clinical research question are then discussed using the worked examples. These include: Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Jewish child, adolescent, and family.

PubMed

Rube, David M; Kibel, Rabbi Nechemiah

2004-01-01

This brief review addresses the history, beliefs, and practices of Jewish families that have implications for clinical management of the problems and disorders of children and adolescents. It focuses primarily on the problems of the Orthodox family due, in part, to the limitations of space. There remains, however, little doubt that the clinician must be aware of the impact that Jewish heritage may have on the clinical issues at hand. This impact is significant whether the worldview of the family is characterized by strict Orthodoxy or is primarily that of an ethnic identification with less concern for belief and practice.

Solar Flares and Coronal Physics Using P/OF as a Research Tool

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tandberg, E. (Editor); Wilson, R. M. (Editor); Hudson, R. M. (Editor)

1986-01-01

This NASA Conference Publication contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Solar High-Resolution Astrophysics Using the Pinhole/Occulter Facility held at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, Alabama, on May 8 to 10, 1985. These proceedings include primarily the invited tutorial papers, extended abstracts of contributed poster papers, and summaries of subpanel (X-Ray and Coronal Physics) discussions. Both observational and theoretical results are presented. Although the emphasis of the Workshop was focused primarily on topics peculiar to solar physics, one paper is included that discusses the P/0F as a tool for X-ray astronomy.

Accelerator-based conversion (ABC) of weapons plutonium: Plant layout study and related design issues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cowell, B.S.; Fontana, M.H.; Krakowski, R.A.

1995-04-01

In preparation for and in support of a detailed R and D Plan for the Accelerator-Based Conversion (ABC) of weapons plutonium, an ABC Plant Layout Study was conducted at the level of a pre-conceptual engineering design. The plant layout is based on an adaptation of the Molten-Salt Breeder Reactor (MSBR) detailed conceptual design that was completed in the early 1070s. Although the ABC Plant Layout Study included the Accelerator Equipment as an essential element, the engineering assessment focused primarily on the Target; Primary System (blanket and all systems containing plutonium-bearing fuel salt); the Heat-Removal System (secondary-coolant-salt and supercritical-steam systems); Chemicalmore » Processing; Operation and Maintenance; Containment and Safety; and Instrumentation and Control systems. Although constrained primarily to a reflection of an accelerator-driven (subcritical) variant of MSBR system, unique features and added flexibilities of the ABC suggest improved or alternative approaches to each of the above-listed subsystems; these, along with the key technical issues in need of resolution through a detailed R&D plan for ABC are described on the bases of the ``strawman`` or ``point-of-departure`` plant layout that resulted from this study.« less

Factors affecting the number and type of student research products for chemistry and physics students at primarily undergraduate institutions: A case study.

PubMed

Mellis, Birgit; Soto, Patricia; Bruce, Chrystal D; Lacueva, Graciela; Wilson, Anne M; Jayasekare, Rasitha

2018-01-01

For undergraduate students, involvement in authentic research represents scholarship that is consistent with disciplinary quality standards and provides an integrative learning experience. In conjunction with performing research, the communication of the results via presentations or publications is a measure of the level of scientific engagement. The empirical study presented here uses generalized linear mixed models with hierarchical bootstrapping to examine the factors that impact the means of dissemination of undergraduate research results. Focusing on the research experiences in physics and chemistry of undergraduates at four Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs) from 2004-2013, statistical analysis indicates that the gender of the student does not impact the number and type of research products. However, in chemistry, the rank of the faculty advisor and the venue of the presentation do impact the number of research products by undergraduate student, whereas in physics, gender match between student and advisor has an effect on the number of undergraduate research products. This study provides a baseline for future studies of discipline-based bibliometrics and factors that affect the number of research products of undergraduate students.

Factors affecting the number and type of student research products for chemistry and physics students at primarily undergraduate institutions: A case study

PubMed Central

Soto, Patricia; Bruce, Chrystal D.; Lacueva, Graciela; Wilson, Anne M.; Jayasekare, Rasitha

2018-01-01

For undergraduate students, involvement in authentic research represents scholarship that is consistent with disciplinary quality standards and provides an integrative learning experience. In conjunction with performing research, the communication of the results via presentations or publications is a measure of the level of scientific engagement. The empirical study presented here uses generalized linear mixed models with hierarchical bootstrapping to examine the factors that impact the means of dissemination of undergraduate research results. Focusing on the research experiences in physics and chemistry of undergraduates at four Primarily Undergraduate Institutions (PUIs) from 2004–2013, statistical analysis indicates that the gender of the student does not impact the number and type of research products. However, in chemistry, the rank of the faculty advisor and the venue of the presentation do impact the number of research products by undergraduate student, whereas in physics, gender match between student and advisor has an effect on the number of undergraduate research products. This study provides a baseline for future studies of discipline-based bibliometrics and factors that affect the number of research products of undergraduate students. PMID:29698502

From the baker to the bedside: yeast models of Parkinson's disease

PubMed Central

Menezes, Regina; Tenreiro, Sandra; Macedo, Diana; Santos, Cláudia N.; Outeiro, Tiago F.

2015-01-01

The baker’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively explored for our understanding of fundamental cell biology processes highly conserved in the eukaryotic kingdom. In this context, they have proven invaluable in the study of complex mechanisms such as those involved in a variety of human disorders. Here, we first provide a brief historical perspective on the emergence of yeast as an experimental model and on how the field evolved to exploit the potential of the model for tackling the intricacies of various human diseases. In particular, we focus on existing yeast models of the molecular underpinnings of Parkinson’s disease (PD), focusing primarily on the central role of protein quality control systems. Finally, we compile and discuss the major discoveries derived from these studies, highlighting their far-reaching impact on the elucidation of PD-associated mechanisms as well as in the identification of candidate therapeutic targets and compounds with therapeutic potential. PMID:28357302

Chemopreventive Activity of Vitamin E in Breast Cancer: A Focus on γ- and δ-Tocopherol

PubMed Central

Smolarek, Amanda K.; Suh, Nanjoo

2011-01-01

Vitamin E consists of eight different variants: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (saturated phytyl tail) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (unsaturated phytyl tail). Cancer prevention studies with vitamin E have primarily utilized the variant α-tocopherol. To no avail, a majority of these studies focused on variant α-tocopherol with inconsistent results. However, γ-tocopherol, and more recently δ-tocopherol, have shown greater ability to reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor burden. Recent results have shown that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols inhibit the development of mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in animal models. In this review, we discuss the possible differences between the variant forms, molecular targets, and cancer-preventive effects of tocopherols. We recommend that a γ-enriched mixture, γ- and δ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, are promising agents for breast cancer prevention and warrant further investigation. PMID:22254089

Chemopreventive activity of vitamin E in breast cancer: a focus on γ- and δ-tocopherol.

PubMed

Smolarek, Amanda K; Suh, Nanjoo

2011-11-01

Vitamin E consists of eight different variants: α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols (saturated phytyl tail) and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocotrienols (unsaturated phytyl tail). Cancer prevention studies with vitamin E have primarily utilized the variant α-tocopherol. To no avail, a majority of these studies focused on variant α-tocopherol with inconsistent results. However, γ-tocopherol, and more recently δ-tocopherol, have shown greater ability to reduce inflammation, cell proliferation, and tumor burden. Recent results have shown that γ-enriched mixed tocopherols inhibit the development of mammary hyperplasia and tumorigenesis in animal models. In this review, we discuss the possible differences between the variant forms, molecular targets, and cancer-preventive effects of tocopherols. We recommend that a γ-enriched mixture, γ- and δ-tocopherol, but not α-tocopherol, are promising agents for breast cancer prevention and warrant further investigation.

Patterns of adolescents' participation in organized activities: are sports best when combined with other activities?

PubMed

Linver, Miriam R; Roth, Jodie L; Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne

2009-03-01

Although many adolescents participate in sports and other types of organized activities, little extant research explores how youth development outcomes may vary for youth involved in different combinations of activities. The present study uses the Child Development Supplement of the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, a large, nationally representative sample, to compare activity patterns of adolescents ages 10-18 years (n = 1,711). A cluster analytic technique revealed 5 activity clusters: sports-focused, sports plus other activities, primarily school-based activities, primarily religious youth groups, and low activity involvement. Activity patterns were examined in conjunction with 5 categories of youth development outcomes, including competence (e.g., academic ability), confidence (e.g., self-concept of ability), connections (e.g., talking with friends), character (e.g., externalizing behavior problems), and caring (e.g., prosocial behavior). Results showed that those who participated only in sports had more positive outcomes compared with those who had little or no involvement in organized activities, but less positive outcomes compared with those who participated in sports plus other activities.

Tracking Emotional Valence: The Role of the Orbitofrontal Cortex

PubMed Central

Goodkind, Madeleine S.; Sollberger, Marc; Gyurak, Anett; Rosen, Howard J.; Rankin, Katherine; Miller, Bruce; Levenson, Robert

2011-01-01

Successful navigation of the social world requires the ability to recognize and track emotions as they unfold and change dynamically. Neuroimaging and neurological studies of emotion recognition have primarily focused on the ability to identify the emotion shown in static photographs of facial expressions, showing correlations with the amygdala as well as temporal and frontal brain regions. In the current study we examined the neural correlates of continuously tracking dynamically-changing emotions. Fifty-nine patients with diverse neurodegenerative diseases used a rating dial to track continuously how positive or how negative the character in a film clip felt. Tracking accuracy was determined by comparing participants’ ratings with the ratings of 10 normal control participants. The relationship between tracking accuracy and regional brain tissue content was examined using voxel-based morphometry. Low tracking accuracy was primarily associated with gray matter loss in the right lateral orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). Our finding that the right OFC is critical to the ability to track dynamically-changing emotions is consistent with previous research showing right OFC involvement in both socioemotional understanding and modifying responding in changing situations. PMID:21425397

Lieve Laurens, Ph.D. | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Research Interests Dynamic biochemical composition of bioenergy-relevant biomass Coproduct development from lipid streams. Lieve Laurens's research interests in this realm are primarily focused on analytical selective, quantitative tradeoffs in biochemical composition of three strains of algae, grown in distinct

Image Classification for Web Genre Identification

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

recognition and landscape detection using the computer vision toolkit OpenCV1. For facial recognition , we researched the possibilities of using the...method for connecting these names with a face/personal photo and logo respectively. [2] METHODOLOGY For this project, we focused primarily on facial

76 FR 30955 - Invasive Species Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-27

... Commerce. The duty of the Council is to provide national leadership regarding invasive species issues... primarily on invaders in the intermountain West. The meeting will focus on adapting management of invasive... evaluate on-the-ground issues firsthand, thereby determining how management methods [[Page 30956

Teaching Listening.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mendelsohn, David J.

1998-01-01

Review of research on trends in teaching second-language listening focuses primarily on strategy instruction and a strategy-based approach but also refers to developments in terms of listening and "high-tech contexts," interactive listening, and academic listening. Classroom listening textbooks are discussed, with attention to the mismatch between…

Identification of genes and gene clusters involved in mycotoxin synthesis

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Research methods to identify and characterize genes involved in mycotoxin biosynthetic pathways have evolved considerably over the years. Before whole genome sequences were available (e.g. pre-genomics), work focused primarily on chemistry, biosynthetic mutant strains and molecular analysis of sing...

Annual energy outlook 1998 : with projections to 2020

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-12-01

The analysis in AEO98 focuses primarily on a reference case and four other cases that assume higher and lower economic growth and higher and lower world oil prices than in the reference case. Forecast tables for these cases are provided in Appendixes...

So you want to start a small railroad : Surface Transportation Board small railroad application procedures

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-03-01

This information bulletin provides general information on Surface Transportation Board (STB) procedures for obtaining approval to operate a railroad. It focuses primarily on those procedures that are most useful in helping potential and established s...

The science of Strategic Communication and its utility in natural resource management

EPA Science Inventory

The field of Strategic Communication involves a focused effort to identify, develop, and present multiple types of communication media on a given subject. A Strategic Communication program recognizes the limitations of the most common communication models (primarily "one si...

Heat Map Visualization of Complex Environmental and Biomarker Measurements

EPA Science Inventory

Over the past decade, the assessment of human systems interactions with the environment has permeated all phases of environmental and public health research. We are invoking lessons learned from the broad discipline of Systems Biology research that focuses primarily on molecular ...

Pharmacotherapeutics-Immune Systems: A Required Course that Provides a Framework for Implementing Biotechnology into the Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piascik, Mary M.; Lubawy, William C.

1988-01-01

Inclusion of a course in the pharmacy curriculum that deals primarily with the immune system, its function, malfunction, and therapeutic intervention provides what appears to be a workable focus for discussion of biotechnology. (MSE)

The Goals for Regulating College Tuition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeng, Xiaodong

2009-01-01

Regulation refers to governmental restrictions over enterprise in order to protect public interest. Research on governmental regulation in China primarily focuses on public utility, and inadequate attention has been paid to regulating college tuition. Currently, although the educational administrative agencies have successfully kept college…

Within-person variation in security of attachment: a self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being.

PubMed

La Guardia, J G; Ryan, R M; Couchman, C E; Deci, E L

2000-09-01

Attachment research has traditionally focused on individual differences in global patterns of attachment to important others. The current research instead focuses primarily on within-person variability in attachments across relational partners. It was predicted that within-person variability would be substantial, even among primary attachment figures of mother, father, romantic partner, and best friend. The prediction was supported in three studies. Furthermore, in line with self-determination theory, multilevel modeling and regression analyses showed that, at the relationship level, individuals' experience of fulfillment of the basic needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness positively predicted overall attachment security, model of self, and model of other. Relations of both attachment and need satisfaction to well-being were also explored.

Secondary development in the stem: when Arabidopsis and trees are closer than it seems.

PubMed

Barra-Jiménez, Azahara; Ragni, Laura

2017-02-01

Secondary growth, the increase in girth of plant organs, is primarily driven by the vascular and cork cambium. In perennial dicotyledons and gymnosperms, it represents a major source of biomass accumulation in the form of wood. However, the molecular framework underlying secondary growth is largely based on studies in the annual herbaceous plant Arabidopsis thaliana. In this review, we will focus on a selection of major regulators of stem secondary growth, which have recently been shown to play a role in woody species. In particular, we will focus on thermospermine and its bivalent role in controlling xylem differentiation and cell proliferation and we will highlight the contributions of the different LRR-Receptor-Like Kinase signaling hubs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fathering: the relationship between fathers' residence, fathers' sociodemographic characteristics, and father involvement.

PubMed

Castillo, Jason; Welch, Greg; Sarver, Christian

2011-11-01

Literature and research examining father involvement has focused primarily on outcomes associated with the well-being and development of children. The contextual factors associated with fathers, and how these factors shape fathers' involvement with their young children, have received limited attention in this literature. Addressing this limitation, this study focuses on the relationship between fathers' residential status, age, race and ethnicity, educational attainment, financial status and father involvement. Results of the regression models indicate that fathers who reside with their children and fathers who are older are more involved with their children. Given these findings, policymakers, practitioners, and researchers have an opportunity to create and enhance policies and programs that may assist and support fathers in their development as parents and their involvement with their children.

US Household Food Shopping Patterns: Dynamic Shifts Since 2000 And Socioeconomic Predictors.

PubMed

Stern, Dalia; Robinson, Whitney R; Ng, Shu Wen; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Popkin, Barry M

2015-11-01

Under the assumption that differential food access might underlie nutritional disparities, programs and policies have focused on the need to build supermarkets in underserved areas, in an effort to improve dietary quality. However, there is limited evidence about which types of stores are used by households of different income levels and differing races/ethnicities. We used cross-sectional cluster analysis to derive shopping patterns from US households' volume food purchases by store from 2000 to 2012. Multinomial logistic regression identified household socioeconomic characteristics that were associated with shopping patterns in 2012. We found three food shopping patterns or clusters: households that primarily shopped at grocery stores, households that primarily shopped at mass merchandisers, and a combination cluster in which households split their purchases among multiple store types. In 2012 we found no income or race/ethnicity differences for the cluster of households that primarily shopped at grocery stores. However, low-income non-Hispanic blacks (versus non-Hispanic whites) had a significantly lower probability of belonging to the mass merchandise cluster. These varied shopping patterns must be considered in future policy initiatives. Furthermore, it is important to continue studying the complex rationales for people's food shopping patterns. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

Exosome function: from tumor immunology to pathogen biology.

PubMed

Schorey, Jeffrey S; Bhatnagar, Sanchita

2008-06-01

Exosomes are the newest family member of 'bioactive vesicles' that function to promote intercellular communication. Exosomes are derived from the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane and extracellular release of the intraluminal vesicles. Recent studies have focused on the biogenesis and composition of exosomes as well as regulation of exosome release. Exosomes have been shown to be released by cells of hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic origin, yet their function remains enigmatic. Much of the prior work has focused on exosomes as a source of tumor antigens and in presentation of tumor antigens to T cells. However, new studies have shown that exosomes might also promote cell-to-cell spread of infectious agents. Moreover, exosomes isolated from cells infected with various intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii, have been shown to contain microbial components and can promote antigen presentation and macrophage activation, suggesting that exosomes may function in immune surveillance. In this review, we summarize our understanding of exosome biogenesis but focus primarily on new insights into exosome function. We also discuss their possible use as disease biomarkers and vaccine candidates.

Experimental study of visual accommodation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cornsweet, T. N.; Crane, H. D.

1972-01-01

A summary report of a research effort related to the human visual accommodation system is presented. A theoretical study of the accommodation system was made. Subsequent effort was aimed at the development of specialized instrumentation for experiments designed to lead to understanding the nature of the control system in human accommodation. The necessary instrumentation consisted primarily of: (1) an automatic optometer to measure the state of eye focus, (2) a focus stimulator device to control the apparent optical distance to any target, and (3) a two-dimensional eye tracker. The concepts and designs of the first two instruments have been published in the open literature, but this report contains the first detailed treatment of the Purkinje eye tracker developed under this program. The report also discusses an accommodation lag model to explain the ability of the eye to apparently know the polarity of focus error even though the blur on the retina is to a first-approximation an even function. The interaction of the accommodation and eye movement systems is also discussed, as is the ability to train the visual accommodation system to a surprisingly responsive condition in only a few hours of training.

Developmental biology in marine invertebrate symbioses.

PubMed

McFall-Ngai, M J; Ruby, E G

2000-12-01

Associations between marine invertebrates and their cooperative bacterial symbionts offer access to an understanding of the roots of host-microbe interaction; for example, several symbioses like the squid-vibrio light organ association serve as models for investigating how each partner affects the developmental biology of the other. Previous results have identified a program of specific developmental events that unfolds as the association is initiated. In the past year, published studies have focused primarily on describing the mechanisms underlying the signaling processes that occur between the juvenile squid and the luminous bacteria that colonize it.