Alzheimer's Dye Test?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Science Teacher, 2005

2005-01-01

Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) scientists have developed a new dye that could offer noninvasive early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease, a discovery that could aid in monitoring the progression of the disease and in studying the efficacy of new treatments to stop it. The work is published in Angewandte Chemie. Today, doctors can only…

Toward a Quantification of the Information/Communication Industries. Publication No. 74-2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lavey, Warren G.

A national survey was made to collect data about the information/communication industries in the United States today. Eleven industries were studied: television, radio, telephone, telegraph, postal service, newspaper, periodical, book publishing and printing, motion pictures, computer software, and cable television. The data collection scheme used…

Teaching Radiology Trainees From the Perspective of a Millennial.

PubMed

Chen, Po-Hao; Scanlon, Mary H

2018-06-01

The millennial generation consists of today's medical students, radiology residents, fellows, and junior staff. Millennials' comfort with immersive technology, high expectations for success, and desire for constant feedback differentiate them from previous generations. Drawing from an author's experiences through radiology residency and fellowship as a millennial, from published literature, and from the mentorship of a long-time radiology educator, this article explores educational strategies that embrace these characteristics to engage today's youngest generation both in and out of the reading room. Copyright © 2018 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Are Brazilian Behavior Analysts Publishing Outside the Box? A Survey of General Science Media.

PubMed

Dal Ben, Rodrigo; Calixto, Fernanda Castanho; Ferreira, André Luiz

2017-09-01

Recent studies have stressed the importance of disseminating behavior analysis to a more diverse audience and have provided ways to do so effectively. General science publications offer an attractive venue for communicating with a scientifically educated public. The present study examines behavior analysis research published in Science Today and Research Fapesp , monthly general science publications published by the Brazilian Society for the Advancement of Science and São Paulo Research Foundation, respectively. Behavior analytic terms were searched in issues published from 2003 to 2014, along with psychoanalytic terms as a comparative measure. Only 13 behavior analysis articles were found, while psychoanalytic articles totaled 150. Six of the behavior analysis articles misconstrue fundamental concepts of behavior analysis. The study recommends that behavior analysis researchers extend the dissemination of their findings outside the box.

Weaving a Virtual Story--Creating Book Trailers 101

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bates, Naomi

2012-01-01

Book trailers are fast becoming today's marketing technique for newly published books. They have changed the way students select books, and trailers meet the expectations of today's teens who have been brought up on graphic visuals. Book trailers are also quite new, starting as a trend only about four years ago. Since then, they have proliferated,…

Law Library Service in the 1990's.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

The Bookmark, 1990

1990-01-01

This issue of "The Bookmark" presents 20 articles focusing on various aspects of law library services in New York State. The articles are: (1) "Law Library Services in the 1990's" (Christine Bain); (2) "A Librarian's View of Legal Publishing Today" (Margaret Maes Axtmann); (3) "Legal Publishing--A Publisher's View" (Kenneth Lee Halajian); (4)…

Entering the Blogosphere: Blogs as Teaching and Learning Tools in Health Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oomen-Early, Jody; Burke, Sloane

2007-01-01

Preparing health educators in today's technology-driven society requires faculty to adopt new teaching strategies which motivate and engage the "Web 2.0 generation." Blogs are popular online forums for both scholarly and non-scholarly communication. Currently, there are no published studies assessing the utility of blogs in health education. The…

Exposure to Fictional Medical Television and Health: A Systematic Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoffman, Beth L.; Shensa, Ariel; Wessel, Charles; Hoffman, Robert; Primack, Brian A.

2017-01-01

Fictional medical television programs have long been a staple of television programming, and they remain popular today. We aimed to examine published literature assessing the influence of medical television programs on health outcomes. We conducted systematic literature searches in PubMed, PsychINFO and CINAHL. Selected studies had to be scholarly…

Flipping the Switch: Code-Switching from Text Speak to Standard English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Kristen Hawley

2009-01-01

Because digital language represents such a large part of the primary discourse of today's adolescents, it is not surprising that the style of electronic communication is "seeping into their schoolwork." According to a recent study published by the Pew Internet and American Life Project, in partnership with the College Board's National Commission…

History of Psychology Publish and Perish: Psychology's Most Prolific Authors Are Not Always the Ones We Remember.

PubMed

Green, Christopher D

2017-01-01

What is the relationship between being highly prolific in the realm of publication and being remembered as a great psychologist of the past? In this study, the PsycINFO database was used to identify the historical figures who wrote the most journal articles during the half-century from 1890 to 1939. Although a number of the 10 most prolific authors are widely remembered for their influence on the discipline today-E. L. Thorndike, Karl Pearson, E. B. Titchener, Henri Pi6ron-the majority are mostly forgotten. The data were also separated into the 5 distinct decades. Once again, a mixture of eminent and obscure individuals made appearances. Most striking, perhaps, was the great increase in articles published over the course of the half-century-approximately doubling each decade-and the enormous turnover in who was most prolific, decade over decade. In total, 100 distinct individuals appeared across just 5 lists of about 25 names each.

Today's nursing leader Marilyn Klainberg and Kathleen M Dirschel (Eds) Today's nursing leader Jones and Bartlett Publishers £40.99 324pp 9780763755966 0763755966 [Formula: see text].

PubMed

2010-10-27

THIS TEXT covers vast territory, from a historical overview of nursing, time management and critical thinking to creating a culture of care for the maturing nurse. This breadth positions it uniquely in the market, but is provided at the cost of depth.

Characteristics of Hijacked Journals and Predatory Publishers: Our Observations in the Academic World.

PubMed

Dadkhah, Mehdi; Maliszewski, Tomasz; Jazi, Mohammad Davarpanah

2016-06-01

The academic world today includes hijacked journals and predatory publishers that operate based on a 'pay and publish' model and function for financial reasons only. Here we present lesser known aspects and practices of these journals to researchers, showing the core of the problem. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New Media Publishing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ritchie, Ian

The media industry is the fastest growing business in the world today; additional leisure time, coupled with increasingly global distribution, has created large international markets for information and entertainment. The United Kingdom is relatively strong in the three main areas concerned with new media publishing: information technology,…

The Publisher as Official: Conflict of Interest or Libertarian Vestige?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sneed, Don; Riffe, Daniel

The press has long been considered the "watchdog" of government, yet today, more than 100 newspaper editors also serve in public office. A study sought to determine the types of role conflict that arise for editors who hold public office, the public's reaction to such dual roles, and the policies of several leading newspapers concerning…

Hands-On ERP Learning: Using OpenERP[R], an Alternative to SAP[R

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ayyagari, Ramakrishna

2011-01-01

Recent struggles with ERP systems (Kanaracus, 2010) highlight that teaching ERP skills is still very relevant today. Previous research suggests that knowledge of ERP concepts is more important than skills with any particular ERP package (Strong et al., 2006). However, a review of published studies in "JISE" shows a bias towards commercial ERP…

Liberating Literacy under Threat: Re-Reading James Moffett's "Storm in the Mountains"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayher, John

2010-01-01

James Moffett's "Storm in the Mountains: A Case Study of Censorship, Conflict, and Consciousness" remains as relevant today as it was when it was published in 1988 for those who want to understand the nature and sources of contemporary conflicts in American language and literacy education. Censors continue to try to restrict student…

Trends in Transforming Scholarly Communication and Their Implications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Ziming

2003-01-01

Explores trends in transforming scholarly publishing and possible implications for electronic publishing and digital libraries. Topics include changes in collaborative research; changes in volume of information production; and age of cited documents and how older documents are used in today's network environment. (Author/LRW)

Fermilab Today

Science.gov Websites

go back to my regular existence." The complete interview and Nobel Prize Veltman book Martinus Veltman's book was published in 2003. autobiography are available online. The title of Veltman's colloquium is taken from his recently published book. "Facts and Mysteries in Elementary Particle Physics

Desktop Publishing in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Wendy; Layman, J.

1989-01-01

Discusses the state of desktop publishing (DTP) in education today and describes the weaknesses of the systems available for use in the classroom. Highlights include document design and layout; text composition; graphics; word processing capabilities; a comparison of commercial and educational DTP packages; and skills required for DTP. (four…

Publishing in the Next Few Years: A Commercial Publisher's Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blom, Harry J. J.

Over the past 15 years, internet technology changed the ways of publishing tremendously. It is truly revolutionary that both fresh and historic science publications are so much easier to search and find. This revolution has not been completed and all parties involved in science publishing are continuously adjusting their activities to the new rules and opportunities. From a commercial publisher's perspective, I will extrapolate what happens today to predict what happens in the next few years with journal subscriptions, book publishing, marketing, production and other steps in the publishing process.

"This Bridge": The BlackFeministCompositionist's Guide to The Colonial and Imperial Violence of Schooling Today

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kynard, Carmen

2016-01-01

In March 2015, the State University of New York Press published the fourth edition of "This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color," one of the most cited books in feminist theorizing that arguably turned the tide into what is called today call intersectional feminism. As a black feminist, the politicization of…

Behind the Spam: A ``Spectral Analysis'' of Predatory Publishers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beall, Jeffrey

2016-10-01

Most researchers today are bombarded with spam email solicitations from questionable scholarly publishers. These emails solicit article manuscripts, editorial board service, and even ad hoc peer reviews. These ``predatory'' publishers exploit the scholarly publishing process, patterning themselves after legitimate scholarly publishers yet performing little or no peer review and quickly accepting submitted manuscripts and collecting fees from submitting authors. These counterfeit publishers and journals have published much junk science? especially in the field of cosmology? threatening the integrity of the academic record. This paper examines the current state of predatory publishing and advises researchers how to navigate scholarly publishing to best avoid predatory publishers and other scholarly publishing-related perils.

A Study of How the Behavioral Intervention Teams of Universities within the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education Are Formed and Evaluated

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennison, Sondra R.

2017-01-01

This study is based on the research of Dr. Ursula Delworth. The Assessment-Intervention of Student Problems (AISP) model that was first published in 1989 has stood the test of time and, in fact, foreshadowed the widely held practice of behavioral intervention that is seen on campuses today. Dr. Delworth referred to this group as a Campus…

Why Write Book Reviews?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Obeng-Odoom, Franklin

2014-01-01

The pressure to publish or perish or, more recently, to be visible or vanish, marginalises a culture of critical reading and reflection that has historically been the province of book reviews. Today, book reviews are roundly rejected by academic bureaucrats as unimportant, easy to write and hence, easy to get published, mere summaries, uncritical…

Enhancing Faculty Productivity through a Centralized Communications and Project Management Infrastructure: A Case Study at the University of Kentucky Markey Cancer Center

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russell-Simmons, Heather N.; Anthony, Cathy; Ballard, Marcia; Coffman, Jonathan; Gilbreath, Donna; Keys, Terry L.; Story, Danielle; Rogers, Jennifer; Gosky, David M.; Vanderford, Nathan L.

2016-01-01

Academic careers and institutional reputations are closely linked with the ability to secure funding and publish work. In today's competitive environment, it is essential for research to be clearly communicated. In our experience, many researchers need assistance with communication skills, and institutions that offer professional services in…

AMERICAN UNIVERSITIES IN TRANSITION AND THE NEW ROLE OF ADULT EDUCATION, FOURTH MANSBRIDGE MEMORIAL LECTURE, (UNIVERSITY OF LEEDS, JUNE 16, 1966).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TOLLEY, WILLIAM PEARSON

THE MODERN UNIVERSITY MUST ADVANCE KNOWLEDGE AS WELL AS CONSERVE AND TRANSMIT IT. GROWTH OF LIBRARIES, INCREASES IN GRADUATE STUDY, DEEPER INVOLVEMENT IN THE FINE ARTS AND IN BOOK PUBLISHING, INTERNATIONAL STUDENT EXCHANGE, FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH AND INSTRUCTION, AND EDUCATIONAL BROADCASTING ARE ALL DYNAMIC TRENDS IN UNIVERSITIES TODAY, BUT…

A Brief History of International Latin American Student Fraternities: A Movement That Lasted 86 Years (1889-1975)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fajardo, Oliver

2015-01-01

An international Latin American student fraternity movement preceded the current Latino Greeks that are seen on college campuses today. This document provides new information that has not been published. The movement lasted 86 years and primarily served wealthy international Latin American students who came to the United States to study and, once…

Hypnoanalgesia and the study of pain experience: from Cajal to modern neuroscience

PubMed Central

Lanfranco, Renzo C.; Canales-Johnson, Andrés; Huepe, David

2014-01-01

Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934) did not only contribute to neurobiology and neurohistology. At the end of the 19th century, he published one of the first clinical reports on the employment of hypnotic suggestion to induce analgesia (hypnoanalgesia) in order to relieve pain in childbirth. Today, the clinical application of hypnoanalgesia is considered an effective technique for the treatment of pain in medicine, dentistry, and psychology. However, the knowledge we have today on the neural and cognitive underpinnings of hypnotic suggestion has increased dramatically since Cajal’s times. Here we review the main contributions of Cajal to hypnoanalgesia and the current knowledge we have about hypnoanalgesia from neural and cognitive perspectives. PMID:25324822

Incidence of postoperative hypothermia and the relationship to clinical variables.

PubMed

Burns, Shari M; Piotrowski, Kathy; Caraffa, Guy; Wojnakowski, Mary

2010-10-01

A prospective, quantitative, correlational study was conducted to determine the incidence of postoperative hypothermia and the relationship of hypothermia to numerous clinical variables previously studied. The study reflects the researchers' interest in updating previous data regarding the incidence of hypothermia. Although hypothermia remains a significant clinical concern, interventions aimed at minimizing hypothermia have evolved over the past 20 years, thus prompting new interest in determining the extent to which hypothermia exists in today's PACU patients. A convenience sample of 287 adult, nonemergency patients scheduled for surgery were included in the study. Hypothermia (temperature <36°C) was demonstrated in only 4% of the sample (N = 287). Because of the low incidence of hypothermia, correlation statistics were not performed. The study provides a foundation for future research regarding this important clinical phenomenon while offering evidence supporting efforts to avoid hypothermia in today's surgical patients. Copyright © 2010 American Society of PeriAnesthesia Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Developing an effective succession plan for your practice: why should I care? Seven strategies to prosper in today's new economy.

PubMed

Maley, Catherine

2010-02-01

The recession of 2008-2009 dramatically changed the landscape of the aesthetic enhancement industry. Patients were no longer spending freely on cosmetic procedures as they once were, and aesthetic physicians felt the crunch-some a little and others a lot. This article reviews sound advice and strategies for what an aesthetic physician can do to survive and even flourish in today's new economy. Thieme Medical Publishers.

Behind the Spam: A "Spectral Analysis" of Predatory Publishers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beall, Jeffrey

2015-08-01

Most researchers today are bombarded with spam email solicitations from questionable scholarly publishers. These emails solicit article manuscripts, editorial board service, and even ad hoc peer reviews. These "predatory" publishers exploit the scholarly publishing process, patterning themselves after legitimate scholarly publishers yet performing little or no peer review and quickly accepting submitted manuscripts and collecting fees from submitting authors. These counterfeit publishers and journals have published much junk science — especially in the field of cosmology — threatening the integrity of the academic record. This presentation examines the current state of predatory publishing and related scams such as fake impact factors and advises researchers how to navigate scholarly publishing to best avoid predatory publishers and other scholarly publishing-related perils.

The E-Only Tipping Point for Journals: What's Ahead in the Print-to-Electronic Transition Zone

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Richard K.; Luther, Judy

2007-01-01

This report examines the issues associated with moves toward electronic-only publication of journals, based on interviews with academic librarians and journal publishers. Noting that publishers and libraries today find themselves in an extended transition zone between print-only and e-only journals, the report investigates forces driving change…

Vision and Reality in Electronic Textbooks: What Publishers Need to Do to Survive

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Byron W.

2012-01-01

Today's electronic textbooks (e-texts) are technologically backward and over-priced. Yet publishers continue to press for contracts with colleges and universities that move toward the mandatory purchase by students of e-texts instead of printed books. The author lays out his vision for digital learning materials, explains the details of the…

Exploring the role of children's dreams in psychoanalytic practice today: a pilot study.

PubMed

Lempen, Olivia; Midgley, Nick

2006-01-01

The aim of this research study was to investigate the role of children's dreams in the practice of child psychoanalysis today, and to explore contemporary psychoanalytic understanding of children's dreams. This pilot study consisted of two stages. The first involved a document analysis of published articles in The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, making a comparison between those of the early 1950s and the 1990s, in order to see in what way the discourse around children's dreams within the psychoanalytic literature has changed over time. The second stage, based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews, attempted to understand in more detail the way contemporary child analysts, working in the Anna Freudian tradition, think about dreams and use them in their clinical practice. Results suggest that there has been a decreased focus on dreams in a clinical context over time, and that this may partly be a consequence of changing theoretical models and changes in training. When work with dreams does take place, it appears that child analysts have

Mergers, Acquisitions, and Access: STM Publishing Today

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robertson, Kathleen

Electronic publishing is changing the fundamentals of the entire printing/delivery/archive system that has served as the distribution mechanism for scientific research over the last century and a half. The merger-mania of the last 20 years, preprint pools, and publishers' licensing and journals-bundling plans are among the phenomena impacting the scientific information field. Science-Technology-Medical (STM) publishing is experiencing a period of intense consolidation and reorganization. This paper gives an overview of the economic factors fueling these trends, the major STM publishers, and the government regulatory bodies that referee this industry in Europe, Canada, and the USA.

The Portrayal of the Jewish Figure in Literary Texts Included in the Present Matriculation Curriculum in Hebrew for Students of the Arab Sector in Israel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zamir, Sara; Hauphtman, Sara

2009-01-01

The Hebrew literature curriculum for secondary schools in the Arab sector (course of study and Matriculation Examinations) was approved by the Israeli minister of education in March 1975; published in the director general's special circular A for 1977 (dated September/October 1976). The curriculum is still in effect and binding today. Besides the…

DIY eBooks: collaborative publishing made easy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Battle, Steve; Vitali, Fabio; Di Iorio, Angelo; Bernius, Matthew; Henderson, Tona; Choudhury, Manu

2010-02-01

Print is undergoing a revolution as significant as the invention of the printing press. The emergence of ePaper is a major disruption for the printing industry; defining a new medium with the potential to redefine publishing in a way that is as different to today's Web, as the Web is to traditional print. In this new eBook ecosystem we don't just see users as consumers of eBooks, but as active prosumers able to collaboratively create, customize and publish their own eBooks. We describe a transclusive, collaborative publishing framework for the web.

Preface: Challenges for Catalytic Exhaust Aftertreatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nova, Isabella; Epling, Bill; Peden, Charles HF

2014-03-31

This special issue of Catalysis Today continues the tradition established since the 18th NAM in Cancun, 2003, of publishing the highlights coming from these catalytic after-treatment technologies sessions, where this volume contains 18 papers based on oral and poster presentations of the 23rd NAM, 2013. The guest editors would like to thank all of the catalyst scientists and engineers who presented in the "Emission control" sessions, and especially the authors who contributed to this special issue of Catalysis Today.

Research in Nurse Education Today: do we meet our aims and scope?

PubMed

Long, Tony; Johnson, Martin

2002-01-01

All issues of Nurse Education Today between January 1996 and July 2001 were examined manually and categorized as 'research' or other forms of scholarship. A total of 356 articles were reviewed and 193 of these were considered to be some form of research. The prevalence of well known methods of data collection was noted and broad trends identified. Questionnaires, reflective diaries, Delphi surveys, focus groups and individual interviews formed the backbone of methods used in educational research. There was a marked absence of experimental work. Proportionally more UK based papers avoided inferential analysis than those from overseas. We show that 'research' in Nurse Education Today has become rather narrow. It rarely incorporates 'user' (client/patient) perspectives, and rarely (especially in the UK) uses more than one site for study. More papers which undertake comparison of nurse education between countries, which employ samples from more than one country, and which address the impact of findings from an international perspective should be sought in order to enhance this aspect of the diversity of the journal. Copyright 2002 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.

The Ladies' Diary. . .Circa 1700

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perl, Teri

1977-01-01

A journal called the Ladies' Diary published from 1704 to 1841, presented mathematical problems, and solutions to the problems. The purposes of the journal are compared to those of Scientific American today. (SD)

Career development tips for today's nursing academic: bibliometrics, altmetrics and social media.

PubMed

Smith, Derek R; Watson, Roger

2016-11-01

A discussion of bibliometrics, altmetrics and social media for the contemporary nursing scholar and academic researcher. Today's nursing academic faces myriad challenges in balancing their daily life and, in recent years, academic survival has been increasingly challenged by the various research assessment exercises that evaluate the performance of knowledge institutions. As such, it is essential that today's nursing academic keep up to date with the core competencies needed for survival in a modern research career, particularly the intersecting triad of bibliometrics, altmetrics and social media. Discussion paper. Published literature and relevant websites. The rise of social media and altmetrics has important implications for contemporary nursing scholars who publish their research. Some fundamental questions when choosing a journal might be 'does it have a Twitter and/or Facebook site, or a blog (or all three)'; and 'does it have any other presence on social media, such as LinkedIn, Wikipedia, YouTube, ResearchGate and so on?' Another consequence of embracing social media is that individual academics should also develop their own strategies for promoting and disseminating their work as widely as possible. The rising importance of social media and altmetrics can no longer be ignored, and today's nursing academic now has another facet to consider in their scholarly activities. Despite the changing nature of research dissemination, however, it is still important to recognize the undoubted value of established knowledge dissemination routes (that being the peer-reviewed publication). © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

"Libros de Ciencias en Espanol": A Selection of Recent Science Trade Books in Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schon, Isabel

2009-01-01

Simple, lively, and easy-to-understand science books in Spanish for the very young are the new reality in the publishing world. In contrast to previous years where there has been a wider selection of books for beginning, middle, and advanced readers, today publishers in the United States (with a few exceptions) seem to be concentrating on books…

Understanding the nineteenth century origins of disciplines: lessons for astrobiology today?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brazelton, William J.; Sullivan, Woodruff T., III

2009-10-01

Astrobiology's goal of promoting interdisciplinary research is an attempt to reverse a trend that began two centuries ago with the formation of the first specialized scientific disciplines. We have examined this era of discipline formation in order to make a comparison with the situation today in astrobiology. Will astrobiology remain interdisciplinary or is it becoming yet another specialty? As a case study, we have investigated effects on the scientific literature when a specialized community is formed by analyzing the citations within papers published during 1802-1856 in Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (Phil. Trans.), the most important ‘generalist’ journal of its day, and Transactions of the Geological Society of London (Trans. Geol. Soc.), the first important disciplinary journal in the sciences. We find that these two journals rarely cited each other, and papers published in Trans. Geol. Soc. cited fewer interdisciplinary sources than did geology papers in Phil. Trans. After geology had become established as a successful specialized discipline, geologists returned to publishing papers in Phil. Trans., but they wrote in the new, highly specialized style developed in Trans. Geol. Soc. They had succeeded in not only creating a new scientific discipline, but also a new way of doing science with its own modes of research and communication. A similar citation analysis was applied to papers published over the period 2001-2008 in the contemporary journals Astrobiology and the International Journal of Astrobiology to test the hypothesis that astrobiologists are in the early stages of creating their own specialized community. Although still too early to reliably detect any but the largest trends, there is no evidence yet that astrobiologists are drifting into their own isolated discipline. Instead, to date they appear to remain interdisciplinary.

Academic dishonesty today, unethical practices tomorrow?

PubMed

LaDuke, Rebekah D

2013-01-01

The purpose of this article was to review the most current published literature on the topics of academic dishonesty, unethical professional practices, and research that studied the correlation between these 2 areas of interest. Literature was retrieved by utilizing key words such as academic dishonesty, cheating, workplace dishonesty, and unethical behavior. Multiple research databases were used and a reference librarian in locating relevant research studies resulting in 16 research articles reviewed and 7 articles referenced within the literature review. Upon completion, it became apparent that nursing educators should be concerned that nursing students found to be academically dishonest today may have a higher incidence of displaying unethical practices as a registered nurse tomorrow. It also became clear that the nursing profession needs to conduct its own research in this field to verify findings discovered by other professions such as engineering, business, and psychology. Finally, recommendations were given on how nursing educators should handle the topic of ethics in nursing programs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

MAGSAT for geomagnetic studies over Indian region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rastogi, R. G.; Bhargava, B. N.; Singh, B. P.; Rao, D. R. K.; Rangarajan, G. K.; Rajaram, R.; Roy, M.; Arora, B. R.; Seth, A. (Principal Investigator)

1981-01-01

Progress in the preparation of software for converting data tapes produced on an IBM system to data readable on a DEC-10 system, in the creation of awareness of the utility of MAGSAT data among users in India, and in making computer programs supplied by NASA operational on the DEC-10 system is reported. Papers presented to Indian users, at the IAGA fourth scientific assembly, at a symposium on interdisciplinary approaches to geomagnetism, and a paper published in Science Today are included.

75 FR 26166 - National Oil and Hazardous Substance Pollution Contingency Plan National Priorities List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-11

... issuing a Notice of Intent to Delete the Asbestos Dump Superfund Site (Site) located in Meyersville, New... of today's Federal Register, we are publishing a direct final Notice of Deletion of the Asbestos Dump...

Reaching out for patients: public relations and events with real results.

PubMed

Kuechel, Marie Czenko

2010-02-01

In today's market, the aesthetic physician needs to connect with patients using methods that are personal, educational, and that will glean the interest of prospective patients whose attention and dollars are sought by countless facial plastic surgery competitors near and far. Public relations, or reaching your prospective patient without a direct solicitation (advertising) for services, are traditional means that include media relations and charitable and social events. With the added component of social media, today the opportunities to reach out for new patients and garner real results are more varied and more affordable than ever before. Thieme Medical Publishers.

The Brooks Act, Is it Relevant Today?

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

Publishing Company, 1990. 7. Fla=., Kenneth. Creatina The ComDuter. Washington, D.C.: The Brookings Institution, 1988. 8. Gilchrist, Bruce, & Wessel...Milton R. Reaulation of the Computer Industry. Montvale: AFIPS Press, 1972. 9. Gore, Al. Creatina A Government That Works Better & Cost Less: Renort

How do medical student journals fare? A global survey of journals run by medical students.

PubMed

Alamri, Yassar

2016-01-01

Medical students have made significant contributions to the medical and scientific fields in the past. Today, medical students still contribute to biomedical research; however, they often face disappointment from journals when trying to publish their findings. This led to the development of medical student journals, which take a more "student-friendly" approach. This article reviews the current medical student journals published in English and sheds light on current trends and challenges.

Austrian-Hungarian Astronomical Observatories Run by the Society of Jesus at the Time of the 18th Century Venus Transits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Posch, Thomas; Aspaas, Per Pippin; Bazso, Akos; Mueller, Isolde

2013-05-01

The Venus transit in June 1761 was the first one to be observed on a truly international scale: almost 250 astronomers followed this rare celestial event (e.g. Wulff 2012, p. 115), and at least 130 published successful observations of it (Aspaas 2012, p. 423). The present paper deals with the astronomical observatories built by the Society of Jesus in its eighteenth century "Provincia Austriae", at which the 1761 transit could be observed. Five Jesuit observatories are being presented in this context: three in today's Austria, namely, two in Vienna and one in Graz; one in Trnava in today's Slovakia and one in Cluj in today's Romania. Thereafter, we briefly examine which of these observatories submitted any Venus transit observations for publication in the appendix to Maximilian Hell's "Ephemerides astronomicae ad meridianum Vindobonensem" for the year 1762.

Gifted Education Press Quarterly, 1995.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fisher, Maurice D., Ed.

1995-01-01

This document consists of the four issues of the newsletter "Gifted Education Press Quarterly" published during 1995. This newsletter addresses issues in the education of gifted children and youth. The major articles are: (1) "Using Today's Technology: Parents Can Help Challenge Gifted Children" (Adrienne O'Neill); (2)…

Teacher Characteristics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darr, Ralph F., Jr.

This paper focuses primarily on the more prominent teacher characteristics research published in the latter half of the 1980s. Literature on the characteristics of elementary, secondary, and college-level teachers is reviewed. Demographic data suggest that today's public school teachers are older and more experienced, and have more years of…

CEC Today, 1994-1998.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CEC Today, 1994

1994-01-01

This document consists of the first 40 issues of a newsletter published "exclusively for members of the Council for Exceptional Children" (CEC). Issues typically include items such as: a message from the executive director, a legislative update, meeting announcements, suggestions to regular and student chapters of the organization,…

What Arnold Gesell Would Advocate Today

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bergen, Doris

2017-01-01

The first issue of "Childhood Education," published in 1924, included an article by the eminent physician, Arnold Gesell. In the article, "The Significance of the Nursery School" he advocated for early childhood education, indicating its importance for both promoting the development of young children and supporting and…

Bibliography of FPL tropical forest utilization research–1910 to 1989

Treesearch

R. Sidney Boone; Lee R. Gjovik; George B. Harpole; James F. Laundrie; Robert R. Maeglin; Ronald W. Wolfe

1990-01-01

A complete annotated bibliography of all published and unpublished reports of the USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory, on the subject of tropical woods. Research on tropical woods began soon after the formation of the Forest Products Laboratory in 1910 and continues today.

A pioneer work on electric brain stimulation in psychotic patients. Rudolph Gottfried Arndt and his 1870s studies.

PubMed

Steinberg, Holger

2013-07-01

Today's brain stimulation methods are commonly traced back historically to surgical brain operations. With this one-sided historical approach it is easy to overlook the fact that non-surgical electrical brain-stimulating applications preceded present-day therapies. The first study on transcranial electrical brain stimulation for the treatment of severe mental diseases in a larger group of patients was carried out in the 1870s. Between 1870 and 1878 German psychiatrist Rudolph Gottfried Arndt published the results of his studies in three reports. These are contextualized with contemporary developments of the time, focusing in particular on the (neuro-) sciences. As was common practice at the time, Arndt basically reported individual cases in which electricity was applied to treat severe psychoses with depressive symptoms or even catatonia, hypochondriac delusion and melancholia. Despite their lengthiness, there is frequently a lack of precise physical data on the application of psychological-psychopathological details. Only his 1878 report includes general rules for electrical brain stimulation. Despite their methodological shortcomings and lack of precise treatment data impeding exact understanding, Arndt's studies are pioneering works in the field of electric brain stimulation with psychoses and its positive impacts. Today's transcranial direct current stimulation, and partly vagus nerve stimulation, can be compared with Arndt's methods. Although Arndt's only tangible results were indications for the application of faradic electricity (for inactivity, stupor, weakness and manic depressions) and galvanic current (for affective disorders and psychoses), a historiography of present-day brain stimulation therapies should no longer neglect studies on electrotherapy published in German and international psychiatric and neurological journals and monographs in the 1870s and 1880s. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Jonathan Taft: dentistry's great forgotten hero.

PubMed

Ring, Malvin E

2006-01-01

One of the greatest figures in the development of the dental profession to the high status it enjoys today is all but forgotten. Jonathan Taft was dean of the second dental school in the world and wrote the most important clinical textbook of his time, one that was reprinted in many editions over a quarter of a century. Later appointed dean of the new University of Michigan Dental School, he instituted innovations in admission requirements and course of study that were copied by all subsequent schools and are the standards adhered to today. The editor of one of the most important dental journals for 44 years, a record unmatched to this day, he set the standards for modern dental periodical literature that have done so much to elevate dentistry that today it stands on a par with medicine as a truly science-based profession. He served dentistry in many capacities: president of the American Dental Association, founder of the National Association of Dental Faculties, and founder of the National Association of Dental Examiners. Over his lifetime, he published almost 200 professional papers and probably attended and lectured at more dental meetings than anyone of his day and since. His memory should be resurrected, and the profession must be made aware of the great debt it owes to this intrepid fighter for a better dental profession.

Paleo-oncology in the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt: Case studies and a paleoepidemiological perspective.

PubMed

Molto, El; Sheldrick, Peter

2018-06-01

This article describes six cases of cancer from the Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt. A mummy had a confirmed 'primary' diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rectum. The remaining diagnoses were based on the distribution and types of skeletal lesions in conjunction with age, sex, and/or the molecular phylogeny of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a confirmed cause of cancer of the uterine cervix (UC) and testes (TC) and it evolved in Africa long before Homo sapiens emerged. Today these cancers are common in young adult females and males, a fact which was pivotal in respectively including them in the differential diagnosis of UC and TC. The remaining diagnoses were acute lymphocytic leukemia in a 3-5 year old child and an older female with metastatic carcinoma. Due to problems of determining specific diagnoses and their prevalence in 'paleo' populations, we opted for a lifetime cancer risk statistic (LTCR). The LTCR in ancient Dakhleh was ∼5/1000 (6/1087). In modern Western societies the LTCR cancer approaches 50% (500/1000). Thus the LTCR in today's western societies is 100 times greater than in ancient Dakhleh. These cases demonstrate that oncogenes and their environmental cofactors were present in antiquity, but were significantly less pervasive than today. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

What didTriplett really find? A contemporary analysis of the first experiment in social psychology.

PubMed

Strube, Michael J

2005-01-01

In 1898, Norman Triplett published was has been called the first experiment in social psychology and sports psychology. Claiming to demonstrate "the dynamogenic factors in pacemaking and competition," this oft-cited article began the serious investigation of social facilitation. This area of research now numbers in the hundreds of published works, includes the study of humans and other animials, and encompasses basic research and applied settings. But what did Triplett really find? I examine Triplett's original data and show that very little evidence existed for the social facilitation of the simple task he investigated. These analyses indicate the need to correct contemporary accounts of Triplett's work and underscore the differences in how research was evaluated at that time compared with today.

Astronomical Publishing: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huchra, John

Just in the last few years scientific publishing has moved rapidly away from the modes that served it well for over two centuries. As "digital natives" take over the field and rapid and open access comes to dominate the way we communicate, both scholarly journals and libraries need to adopt new business models to serve their communities. This is best done by identifying new "added value" such as databases, full text searching, full cross indexing while at the same time retaining the high quality of peer reviewed publication.

Today's Personal Computers: Products for Every Need--Part II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Personal Computing, 1981

1981-01-01

Looks at microcomputers manufactured by Altos Computer Systems, Cromemco, Exidy, Intelligent Systems, Intertec Data Systems, Mattel, Nippon Electronics, Northstar, Personal Micro Computers, and Sinclair. (Part I of this article, examining other computers, appeared in the May 1981 issue.) Journal availability: Hayden Publishing Company, 50 Essex…

The Changing Face of the Novel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Serafini, Frank; Blasingame, James

2012-01-01

This article uses Dresang's dimensions of radical change to call attention to the evolving structures and features of novels for young readers being published today. The controversial topics and elaborate design features contained in contemporary novels, for example, the expansion of dystopic fiction, the disruption of traditional narrative…

The Principles of Economics from Now until Then.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Carolyn Shaw

1988-01-01

Examining economics textbooks, Bell states that today's texts descend from Samuelson's "Economics" published in 1948. States that the closed economy model used to present aggregate analysis has become irrelevant. Argues that introductory textbooks should develop a student understanding of the interdependent world economy as well as…

Estimating the Reliability of the CITAR Computer Courseware Evaluation System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Micceri, Theodore

In today's complex computer-based teaching (CBT)/computer-assisted instruction market, flashy presentations frequently prove the most important purchasing element, while instructional design and content are secondary to form. Courseware purchasers must base decisions upon either a vendor's presentation or some published evaluator rating.…

Dental photography today. Part 1: basic concepts.

PubMed

Casaglia, A; DE Dominicis, P; Arcuri, L; Gargari, M; Ottria, L

2015-01-01

This paper is the first article in a new series on digital dental photography. Part 1 defines the aims and objectives of dental photography for examination, diagnosis and treatment planning, legal and forensic documentation, publishing, education, marketing and communication with patients, dental team members, colleagues and dental laboratory.

Science Teaching in Science Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callahan, Brendan E.; Dopico, Eduardo

2016-01-01

Reading the interesting article "Discerning selective traditions in science education" by Per Sund, which is published in this issue of "CSSE," allows us to open the discussion on procedures for teaching science today. Clearly there is overlap between the teaching of science and other areas of knowledge. However, we must…

Korean Affairs Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-10-14

secretary, of the Central Committee of the Workers’ Party of Korea, received a gift from Paola Ortiz, daughter of the manager of the Ecuadoran Voluntad ...received today Paola Ortiz, daughter of manager of the Ecuadoran " Voluntad " Publishing House Humberto, and her entour- age, on a visit to our country

Solving Tomorrow's Problems Today? Daily Anticipatory Coping and Reactivity to Daily Stressors.

PubMed

Neupert, Shevaun D; Ennis, Gilda E; Ramsey, Jennifer L; Gall, Agnes A

2016-07-01

The present study examined the day-to-day fluctuation of state-like anticipatory coping (coping employed prior to stressors) and how these coping processes relate to important outcomes for older adults (i.e., physical health, affect, memory failures). Forty-three older adults aged 60-96 (M = 74.65, SD = 8.19) participated in an 8-day daily diary study of anticipatory coping, stressors, health, affect, and memory failures. Participants reported anticipatory coping behaviors on one day with respect to 6 distinct stressor domains that could occur the following day. Multilevel models indicated that anticipatory coping changes from day to day and within stressor domains. Lagged associations suggested that yesterday's anticipatory coping for potential upcoming arguments is related to today's physical health and affect. Increased stagnant deliberation is associated with reduced cognitive reactivity (i.e., fewer memory failures) to arguments the next day. Taken together, these findings suggest that anticipatory coping is dynamic and associated with important daily outcomes. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Gerontological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Resuscitation great. George W. Crile: a visionary mind in resuscitation.

PubMed

Soto-Ruiz, Karina M; Varon, Joseph

2009-01-01

George Washington Crile was a successful surgeon who lived at the end of the 19th century. He was born on 11 November 1864 on a farm near Chili, Ohio. He became interested in the study of shock after a close friend died from hemorrhage. Crile dedicated his research years to the study of shock, cardiac arrest, and the use of adrenaline. His research on shock and cardiac arrest led to treatment guidelines that are still used today. He also participated in the Spanish-American War and in World War I as a Navy Surgeon and saved the lives of many soldiers with his principles of blood transfusion and sanitation. He is also known in the surgical world as the grandfather of radical neck dissection and received the Gold Lannelongue Medal and prize. Having written over 400 papers and 24 books, George W. Crile died from complications of bacterial endocarditis on 7th January 1943. Although they were published a long time ago, his contributions to medicine remain fundamental to clinical practice in today's operating rooms and critical care units.

Navigating Without Road Maps: The Early Business of Automobile Route Guide Publishing in the United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bauer, John T.

2018-05-01

In the United States, automobile route guides were important precursors to the road maps that Americans are familiar with today. Listing turn-by-turn directions between cities, they helped drivers navigate unmarked, local roads. This paper examines the early business of route guide publishing through the Official Automobile Blue Book series of guides. It focuses specifically on the expansion, contraction, and eventual decline of the Blue Book publishing empire and also the work of professional "pathfinders" that formed the company's data-gathering infrastructure. Be- ginning in 1901 with only one volume, the series steadily grew until 1920, when thirteen volumes were required to record thousands of routes throughout the country. Bankruptcy and corporate restructuring in 1921 forced the publishers to condense the guide into a four-volume set in 1922. Competition from emerging sheet maps, along with the nationwide standardization of highway numbers, pushed a switch to an atlas format in 1926. Blue Books, however, could not remain competitive and disappeared after 1937. "Pathfinders" were employed by the publishers and equipped with reliable automobiles. Soon they developed a shorthand notation system for recording field notes and efficiently incorporating them into the development workflow. Although pathfinders did not call themselves cartographers, they were geographical data field collectors and considered their work to be an "art and a science," much the same as modern-day cartographers. The paper concludes with some comments about the place of route guides in the history of American commercial cartography and draws some parallels between "pathfinders" and the digital road mappers of today.

Dr. Spock on Parenting: Sensible, Reassuring Advice for Contemporary Parents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spock, Benjamin

Compiling essays authored by Benjamin Spock and published in magazines, this book addresses the changing traditional family structure and the challenges faced by contemporary parents. The chapters are: (1) "Anxieties in Our Lives," discussing stressors, decisions regarding work, and late parenting; (2) "Being a Father Today,"…

77 FR 2708 - Performance of Registration Functions by National Futures Association With Respect To Swap...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-19

... standards established by the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA) and the Commission's regulations issued thereunder...: January 19, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Barbara S. Gold, Associate Director, Christopher W... Background In a separate document published elsewhere in today's Federal Register, the Commission is issuing...

Palm Pilots: An Assessment Power Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lacina, Jan

2008-01-01

Struggling readers may regularly worry about reading at an appropriate speed and intonation. Fluency is a "hot" topic according to Jack Cassidy's annual reading survey published in "Reading Today," in which he interviews various literacy experts throughout the United States on the hot and not-so-hot reading topics. Fluency…

Regents' Review. Volume 10, Issue 4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nevada System of Higher Education, 2008

2008-01-01

This issue of the newsletter includes: (1) CSN's Automotive Program: Training Tomorrow's Workforce Today; (2) Chair's Corner; (3) A Nation at Risk (editorial); (4) UNHSS Moves Forward With First Private Gift; and (5) Nevada Higher Education in the News. [Document published by the Board of Regents of the Nevada System of Higher Education.

77 FR 2472 - Great Lakes Steamship Repower Incentive Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-18

... Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Do not... Rules'' section of today's Federal Register, we are publishing a separate document that will serve as... allow the use of residual fuel in the replacement diesel engines that exceeds the global and ECA sulfur...

77 FR 2497 - Great Lakes Steamship Repower Incentive Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-18

... allow the use of residual fuel in the replacement diesel engines that exceeds the global and ECA sulfur... changes, see the direct final rule EPA has published in the ``Rules and Regulations'' section of today's... substantial number of small entities. Small entities include small businesses, small organizations, and small...

Magazine Writing Today.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kelley, Jerome E.

Intended as a practical guide for persons interested in the field of free lance writing, this book provides information on the following topics: the individual's response to the magazine publishing market; magazines and the types of articles that are marketable; methods for locating story material; ways of questioning and interpreting an editor's…

The Challenges Facing Catholic Education in France Today

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moog, François

2016-01-01

The effects of secularisation on society demand a rethinking of the identity and mission of Catholic schools in France. In 2013, the French bishops published a new directory which offers new approaches, described here, based on the three challenges facing Catholic education in France: linking social responsibility and evangelisation, setting up…

JPRS Report: Near East and South Asia.

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-15

we could justifiably be proud of our fully home-grown, tended by nature, traitors. Today, in the era of DAP [expansion unknown], urea, pesticides...Islamabad THE MUSLIM in English 18 Aug 90 p 4 [Article by Anjum Ibrahim : "Social Justice Versus the Rural Elite" quotation marks as published

Experimental Trends in Videoprogramming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kalba, Kas

A review of experimental activities in educational broadcasting shows that mass television and instructional television, as we think of them today, are likely to constitute two points on a greatly expanded spectrum of television concepts in the future. Television will become much more like the publishing industry, with its mix of pamphlets, art…

E-Content: Opportunity and Risk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waggener, Shel

2012-01-01

For years people have seen scholarly journals shift from paper to electronic versions. Today the e-reader platforms are improving at a rapid rate, prices for devices are plummeting, the e-content is becoming richer and more interactive, and the content publishers are developing capitalistic business models to respond to this disruptive technology.…

Curious George Gets Branded: Reading as Consuming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hade, Daniel D.

2001-01-01

Examines who publishes today's children's books, how they create brands, and how their attempts at synergy influence children's books and reading. The article illustrates the corporate construction of readers through the marketing of children's literature, considering the prevalence of corporate mergers and the impact of media conglomerates on the…

Report on the 5th International Bio-logging Symposium

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-30

LONG-TERM GOALS Bio-logging originated in the marine (polar) realm, which explains why marine mammals remain today the main biological models in...Wikelski as the convenor. The Proceedings of BLS5 will be published in two open-access BioMed Central (BMC) journals: Animal Biotelemetry (http

The Small Book Press: A Cultural Essential.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Bill

1984-01-01

Discussion of small literary book publishers notes works of small-press authors (Thomas Paine, Washington Irving, Walt Whitman, Mark Twain, Upton Sinclair, Anais Nin); today's outstanding presses (Creative Arts Book Company, Persea Books, Full Court Press, Reed and Cannon Company, Tuumba Books); and role of little magazines. Thirty-seven…

Dental photography today. Part 1: basic concepts

PubMed Central

CASAGLIA, A.; DE DOMINICIS, P.; ARCURI, L.; GARGARI, M.; OTTRIA, L.

2015-01-01

SUMMARY This paper is the first article in a new series on digital dental photography. Part 1 defines the aims and objectives of dental photography for examination, diagnosis and treatment planning, legal and forensic documentation, publishing, education, marketing and communication with patients, dental team members, colleagues and dental laboratory. PMID:28042424

John Dewey's Democracy and Education: A British Tribute

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins, Steve, Ed.; Coffield, Frank, Ed.

2016-01-01

In 1916 John Dewey published "Democracy and Education: An introduction to the philosophy of education". In this book some of today's foremost historians, philosophers, psychologists, and sociologists of education mark the anniversary of Dewey's work by reviewing and reflecting, from a British perspective, on Dewey's contribution to our…

The Techy Teacher/Join the TED-Ed Club

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tucker, Catlin

2016-01-01

Classrooms exist in an insular environment, and the work done there often feels disconnected from students' lives, interests, and hobbies. However, students today must cultivate the ability to navigate an increasingly connected global society. Global-ready graduates must be able to tackle real-world challenges, publish their work online, and…

Information Literacy in Mathematics Undergraduate Education: Where Does It Stand Today?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bussmann, Jeffra Diane; Bond, Jeffrey D.

2015-01-01

The published literature on information literacy in mathematics is relatively sparse. This article explores the current state of information literacy initiatives in undergraduate mathematics. The authors survey academic librarians (n = 118) who liaise with mathematics departments in order to gain an understanding of their practices and attitudes…

Classroom Instruction That Works: Research-Based Strategies for Increasing Student Achievement. Second Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dean, Ceri B.; Stone, BJ; Hubbell, Elizabeth; Pitler, Howard

2012-01-01

First published in 2001, "Classroom Instruction That Works" revolutionized teaching by linking classroom strategies to evidence of increased student learning. Now this landmark guide has been reenergized and reorganized for today's classroom with new evidence-based insights and a refined framework that strengthens instructional planning. Whether…

Plotting a New Course for Metasearch

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Breeding, Marshall

2005-01-01

Today's world demands an expansive search environment. The universe of information resources is immense and is growing rapidly. The content needed for research and scholarship is dispersed among publishers, aggregators, repositories, library catalogs, e-print servers, and servers throughout the Web. Users do not want to jump from one interface to…

Projecting the impact of a broadband communication infrastructure on printing, publishing and advertising

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Ted

1994-11-01

A broadband communication infrastructure (over 150 megabits per second), deployed almost everywhere outside the third world within 20 years, is a common planning assumption of governments, communication carriers, and information providers. The "structure" of this infrastructure has been variously projected as being that of the telephone network, the cable system, or the Internet. An argument is made that the telephone model, with features borrowed from the other two, will prevail. This model is used to project broad features of printing, publishing, and advertising. In support of this projection, printing is modeled purposefully, a document is printed to either archive it, give it to someone else, or use it (read, mark up, take along, etc.). In the broadband future, only the last is sustainable. Publishing is modeled as a four-stage chain of commerce from creator to buyer. The progress of both the document and its chain of payments is considered today and in the broadband scenario. Finally, advertising today and tomorrow is modeled as a 2x2x2 cube. One dimension contrasts the "notify/inform" and "persuade" aspects of advertising; another contrasts the consumer's role as passive recipient vs. active controller of what s/he hears and sees; the third views the institution of advertising as reflecting or setting societal values.

100 positive double-blind studies: enough or too little?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tuner, Jan; Hode, Lars

2000-06-01

A major argument among the opponents of laser therapy has been the absence of scientific documentation. This was a valid position in the 80s and partly in the 90s. But today, is this still a sound argument. There are more than 2,000 published studies in the field, including meeting abstracts and anecdotal reports. The vast majority of these papers reports positive effects of LLLT in vitro and in vivo. It is fair to argue that negative results are less prone to be published, but certainly more than 80 percent of the published studies are positive. In the field of dentistry, for instance, the positive percentage is well above 90 percent. The present literature study will look at the heart of the positive documentation: the positive double blind studies. It may come as a surprise to many critics that there are more than 100 positive double blind studies in the field laser therapy. This is a god base for a further understanding of the effects of low level laser in the clinical setting. We must, however, be as critical as the sceptics themselves in order to obtain a constructive dialogue between 'attorneys' and sceptics. In this paper, a critical review of 100 positive double blind studies will be presented.

["The first stages of the human egg" by Auguste d'Eternod published one hundred years ago in the Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes].

PubMed

Catala, M

2014-06-01

The development of the embryo and foetus fascinates, but its study in humans is difficult because of both technical and ethical problems. Auguste d'Eternod, Swiss embryologist, published in 1913 an article entitled "The early stages of the human egg" in the Comptes Rendus de l'Association des Anatomistes, the ancestor of the journal Morphologie. This work is focused not only on the early stages of development: fertilization, cleavage of the egg, blastocyst formation, gastrulation, but also on the extra-embryonic processes characteristic of mammals. On the occasion of the centenary of the publication of this work, I propose a critical review by placing the data published in the literature and historical context of the time. Finally, I try to extract from these observations the concepts that are still used today by embryologists. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[Julius Ludwig August Koch (1841-1908). Psychiatrist, philosopher, and Christian].

PubMed

Gutmann, Philipp

2006-01-01

Julius Ludwig August Koch was born 1841 in the small town of Laichingen (Württemberg) in the Southwest of Germany. After working as a chemist for about seven years, he studied medicine in Tübingen from 1863 to 1867. First he worked as a physican and later in a private mental hospital in Göppingen. From 1874 to 1898, he was director of a state mental hospital in Zwiefalten (Württemberg). Koch died in 1908 after a long period of suffering in Zwiefalten. Being deeply routed in a Christian faith and having much interest in moral and ethical issues, Koch published some philosophical works 'Epistomological investigations' (Erkenntnistheoretische Untersuchungen, 1882), 'Outline of philosophy' (Grundriss der Philosophie, 1885) and 'Reality and its knowledge' (Die Wirklichkeit und ihre Erkenntnis, 1886). In this papers he tried to bring together critical Kantian philosophy and Christian conviction. In 1888 he published a 'Short Textbook of Psychiatry' (Kurzgefasster Leitfaden der Psychiatrie), where he mentioned the term "psychopathic inferiority" for the first time (Psychopathische Minderwertigkeiten). The following work, focussing on this issue with the title 'Psychopathic Inferiority' (Die psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten, 1891-1893), became one of the fundamental texts concerning the concept of disorders of personality, which are in use today. In this book, published in three parts, he tried to describe the hole field between psychic normality and psychoses. Only the first and biggest part deals with psychopathological symptoms which we now think to be essential for personality disorders. Koch differentiates between "disposition" (Disposition), "burden" (Belastung) and "degeneration" (Degeneration), assuming a graduation. "Disposition" should be the mildest disorder, turning into normality, whereas "degeneration" turns to psychosis. Koch believed, that on the basis of all degrees of "psychpathic inferiority" there was a congenital defect of the constitution of the brain. To be consistent, he demanded that the individuals in question should not be punished as hard as people without this disorder by the courts, and proposed to open up special institutions beside the usual prisons. Beside this, Koch describes in the other parts of his book vividly for example acute and chronical organic psychoses and obsessions. Although psychiatric disorders are classified different today, Kochs work keeps its great importance for the concept of personality disorders, further more one can find very exact and detailed descriptions of a multitude of psychpathological symptoms, which are worth reading them today.

[Two 150 years anniversaries: Claude Bernard's internal environment and Addison disease].

PubMed

Schreiber, V

2005-01-01

In 2005 two 150 years anniversaries, which essentially influenced the development of modern medicine will be celebrated. French physiologist Claude Bernard from College de France published his work "Lectures on Experimental Physiology, applied to medicine" and British medical doctor T. Addison described insufficiency of adrenal cortex, today known as Addison disease.

Technology and Learning: Changing Minds in a Changing World. Schooling and Technology, Volume 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willis, Bernice H.; And Others

This document, the publishers' fourth volume on schooling and technology, explores in detail the mismatch between the historically developed purposes, roles, and practices of the schools and the nature of the new technology. Specifically, it juxtaposes characteristics of today's children and the currently available educational technologies…

Hermann Paul and General Linguistic Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koerner, E. F. K.

2008-01-01

In most history of linguistics textbooks available until today Hermann Paul and his "Principles of Historical Linguistics," first published in 1880 and still available in reprints of the fifth edition of 1920, if given any attention at all, is cited for a statement he included in the second edition of 1886 in response to a review that…

Watching Children: Describing the Use of Baby Monitors on Epinions.com

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Margaret K.

2008-01-01

Popular culture today characterizes middle-class parents as being consumed with anxiety about their children. Drawing on more than 100 consumer reviews of baby monitors published on Epinions.com, the author examines how parents respond to that anxiety. Although Epinions.com reviewers are not representative of the population at large, they do…

El Teatro Campesino: From the Picket Lines to the Recording Studio

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saavedra, Pilar

1977-01-01

Out of the need to raise the farmworkers' consciousness and to encourage them to unite, El Teatro Campesino was created to entertain and uplift the morale by the struggling strikers. Today, the group has also published books, poems, posters, and other printed matter; produced films and tapes; and recorded albums. (NQ)

The Jossey-Bass Reader on Contemporary Issues in Adult Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merriam, Sharan B., Ed.; Grace, Andre P., Ed.

2011-01-01

With contributions from leading experts in the field, The Jossey-Bass Reader on Contemporary Issues in Adult Education collects in one volume the best previously published literature on the issues and trends affecting adult education today. The volume includes influential pieces from foundational authors in the profession such as Eduard C.…

77 FR 20838 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-06

... generally publishes this weekly report each Friday. Today's notice announces that because of the size of HUD's next report, the Office of the Federal Register has informed HUD that it cannot accommodate HUD's request to schedule publication of the report on Friday, April 6, 2012. As a result, HUD's next report...

77 FR 49823 - Federal Property Suitable as Facilities To Assist the Homeless

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-17

... suitability for use to assist the homeless. HUD generally publishes this weekly report each Friday. Today's notice announces that due to the size of HUD's next report, the Office of the Federal Register has informed HUD that it cannot accommodate HUD's request to schedule publication of the report on Friday...

The Hidden Profession of Histotechnology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gibbs, Hope J.

2004-01-01

Today there are more job openings in the field of histotechnology than there are educated people to fill them, and the U.S. Department of Labor expects employment opportunities for histotechnicians and histotechnologists to grow by 10 to 20 percent over the next eight years. According to the Wage and Vacancy Survey published by the American…

College Rankings: History, Criticism and Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Luke; Robe, Jonathan

2009-01-01

Today, college quality rankings in news magazines and guidebooks are a big business with tangible impacts on the operation of higher education institutions. The college rankings published annually by "U.S. News and World Report" ("U.S. News") are so influential that Don Hossler of Indiana University derisively claims that higher education is the…

The Lowdown on Audio Downloads

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farrell, Beth

2010-01-01

First offered to public libraries in 2004, downloadable audiobooks have grown by leaps and bounds. According to the Audio Publishers Association, their sales today account for 21% of the spoken-word audio market. It hasn't been easy, however. WMA. DRM. MP3. AAC. File extensions small on letters but very big on consequences for librarians,…

Report of the Fifth Biennial Conference on Chemical Education. Birds-of-a-Feather Workshop Sessions: Undergraduate Organic Chemistry--What Stays In and What Goes Out?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meislich, H.

1979-01-01

Those who attended this workshop agreed that the textbooks being published today have too much material to be covered in a standard one-year course. Discussions were centered around deletion of subject matter in certain areas. (BB)

Can We Still Speak of There Being an Academic Profession?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shattock, Michael

2014-01-01

This article seeks to compare the characteristics of the academic profession as described historically by Perkin in 1969 against the definitions of a profession derived from the published views of sociologists and others. It then measures the position of the academic community today against these definitions: a common range of professional tasks…

Beyond the Wild Blue Yonder: Creating an Air and Space Culture in Today’s Air Force

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-04-01

Organizational Change . 2nd ed. Westport, C.T.: Praeger Publishers, 1994. Estes III, Gen Howell M. “Air Force at a Crossroad” Speech, Air Force...American Military Styles in Strategy and Analysis. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989. Conner, Patrick E., and Linda K. Lake. Managing

Honouring the Questions: Shifts in the Treatment of Religion in Children's Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trousdale, Ann

2011-01-01

Contemporary trends in the treatment of religion in children's literature represent a dramatic shift from the religious didacticism of past centuries. Books from mainline publishing houses today that deal with religion tend to eschew religious assumptions or doctrine, focusing rather on the questions young people have. This article describes four…

Preparing Students for Jobs: Managing and Writing for Specialized Magazines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eynon, Derry

In this paper, two magazine courses offered at Colorado State University as part of the Technical-Business Journalism concentration are described in terms of course content, class assignments, and course objectives. The course entitled "Writing for Specialized Audiences" assumes that the majority of magazines published today are edited for readers…

Stepping Up to the Plate: Ensuring a Quality Learning Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Froemming, Jim

2009-01-01

On December 8, 2008, "USA Today" published the article "The Smokestack Effect: Toxic Air and America's Schools." The article reported that as a result of computer modeling of the potential dispersion of contaminants into the air (not actual tests of air samples) done by the University of Maryland and Johns Hopkins University,…

Making Meaningful Measurement in Survey Research: The Use of Person and Item Maps

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Royal, Kenneth D.

2009-01-01

Quality measurement is essential in every form of research, including institutional research and assessment. Unfortunately, most survey research today (both published and unpublished) is lacking with regards to quality measurement. Reporting means and standard deviations based on ordinal measures is an inappropriate, yet widespread practice in the…

75 FR 12087 - Determination of Attainment, Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Indiana

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-12

... the Clean Air Act (CAA) affecting the Indiana portion (Lake and Porter Counties) of the Chicago-Gary... Oxides (NO X ) in Lake and Porter Counties from CAA Reasonably Available Control Technology (RACT... Lake and Porter Counties, also published in today's Federal Register, the Chicago-Gary-Lake County, IL...

Teachers Make the Best Authors (Could You Be Next?)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bradbury, Judy

2006-01-01

This article features five classroom teachers who realized their publishing dreams. These teachers include Blue Balliet, author of "Chasing Vermeer" and ""The Wright Three," Patricia Reilly Giff, author of "Today Was a Terrible Day," Lily's Crossing," and "Pictures of Hollis Woods," Vicki Cobb, author of "I Face the Wind," and Science Experiments…

Science and Society Under Attack: The Need for Political As Well As Scientific Responses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berman, Marshall

2006-03-01

Today science and scientists are under attack. This is not new in human history. Copernicus delayed publishing for fear of possible persecution. Bruno was burned at the stake. Galileo was forced to recant. Darwin worked for 20 years without publishing his ideas, perhaps out of fear of possible consequences. In the US today, fundamentalist evangelicals have launched an attack on science, from intelligent design creationism, to stem cell research, global warming, vaccines to prevent cervical cancer, even museums that show exhibits on evolution. In the 21^st century, this medieval mentality must be strenuously resisted. Rational thought can co-exist with religious faith, unless extremism becomes the norm. Scientists have often ignored politics in their pursuit of new knowledge. But they must understand that public opinion is strongly influenced by non-scientific elements of society, from the pulpit, from politicians and bureaucrats, from a scientifically illiterate public, and from a media that frequently treats all points of view as equal, when they are most certainly not. Will science eventually be required to pass muster for religious fundamentalists in the near future?

Message Framing in Vaccine Communication: A Systematic Review of Published Literature.

PubMed

Penţa, Marcela A; Băban, Adriana

2018-03-01

Suboptimal vaccination rates are a significant problem in many countries today, in spite of improved access to vaccine services. As a result, there has been a recent expansion of research on how best to communicate about vaccines. The purpose of the present article is to provide an updated review of published, peer-reviewed empirical studies that examined the effectiveness of gain versus loss framing (i.e., goal framing) in the context of vaccine communication. To locate studies, we examined the reference list from the previous meta-analytic review (O'Keefe & Nan, 2012), and we conducted systematic searches across multiple databases. We included 34 studies in the qualitative synthesis. The relative effectiveness of goal-framed vaccine messages was often shown to depend on characteristics of the message recipient, perceived risk, or situational factors, yet most effects were inconsistent across studies, or simply limited by an insufficient number of studies. Methodological characteristics and variations are noted and discussed. The review points to several directions concerning moderators and mediators of framing effects where additional rigorous studies would be needed.

The science is in the data.

PubMed

Helliwell, John R; McMahon, Brian; Guss, J Mitchell; Kroon-Batenburg, Loes M J

2017-11-01

Understanding published research results should be through one's own eyes and include the opportunity to work with raw diffraction data to check the various decisions made in the analyses by the original authors. Today, preserving raw diffraction data is technically and organizationally viable at a growing number of data archives, both centralized and distributed, which are empowered to register data sets and obtain a preservation descriptor, typically a 'digital object identifier'. This introduces an important role of preserving raw data, namely understanding where we fail in or could improve our analyses. Individual science area case studies in crystallography are provided.

The science is in the data

PubMed Central

Kroon-Batenburg, Loes M. J.

2017-01-01

Understanding published research results should be through one’s own eyes and include the opportunity to work with raw diffraction data to check the various decisions made in the analyses by the original authors. Today, preserving raw diffraction data is technically and organizationally viable at a growing number of data archives, both centralized and distributed, which are empowered to register data sets and obtain a preservation descriptor, typically a ‘digital object identifier’. This introduces an important role of preserving raw data, namely understanding where we fail in or could improve our analyses. Individual science area case studies in crystallography are provided. PMID:29123672

Invited commentary: do-it-yourself modern epidemiology--at last!

PubMed

Morabia, Alfredo

2014-10-01

In this issue of the Journal, Keyes and Galea (Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180(7):661-668) propose "7 foundational steps" for introducing epidemiologic methods and concepts to beginners. Keyes and Galea's credo is that the methododological and conceptual components that comprise epidemiology, today scattered in textbook chapters, come together as an integrated and coherent methodological corpus in the process of designing studies. Thus, they expound, the process of designing studies should be the core of teaching epidemiology. Two aspects of their 7-steps-to-epidemiology, do-it-yourself user manual stand out as novel: 1) the approach, because of its emphasis on modern epidemiology's causal framework of a dynamic population in a steady state evolving across time, and 2) the ambition to teach modern epidemiology in introductory courses, instead of the popular mix of classical and modern epidemiology that is often used today to keep introductory courses simple. Both aspects are of potentially great significance for our discipline. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Unpacking altmetrics: how new technologies can support engagement and outreach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Jean

2017-04-01

Today's researchers face many challenges; determining which content is most relevant to read, choosing where to publish their work, ensuring it's reaching the right people, attracting funding and finding new collaborators, to name just a few. In this session we'll examine how new metrics and technologies can help with each of these activities. With an overview of the online attention and engagement surrounding specific journals in relevant fields, we'll discuss how researchers can best make use of these data. This will include a focus on some specific real-world case studies, where scholars in a variety of disciplines and at different stages of their careers have used these data to build more effective strategies and benefit from their outcomes. We'll also hear from a publisher on how they are using the metrics as part of their drive to make research published in their journals more visible, and how they are working with academic editors and authors to refine scope and build engagement with specific communities of interest. The presentation will conclude with some tips for how researchers can use free tools and the insights already provided by many publishers to start incorporating the data into their existing workflows.

Ergonomics and the physiotherapist: a report on a research project on working postures.

PubMed

Bullock, M I; Lanchester, J J

1969-09-01

In a series of lectures on biomechanical principles, Professor E. R. Tichauer, an authority on man-machine-task systems, stated: "Only a few years ago, the physical work load imposed on the individual employee was much heavier than is the case today, but it was, in many occupations, fairly evenly distributed over the entire musculo skeletal system. Today, the total energy demanded from man in the performance of an industrial task has often been reduced, but stress is concentrated on individual and small components of the worker's anatomy," The techniques for combating these new stresses are found in the science of ergonomics (Hopkins 1966). Copyright © 1969 Australian Physiotherapy Association. Published by . All rights reserved.

Exhausting the Fatigue University: In Search of a Biopolitics of Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

D'Hoest, Florelle; Lewis, Tyson E.

2015-01-01

Today it would seem that being fatigued is a fairly common physical and psychological effect of educational systems based on an increasing demand for high-yield performance quotas. In higher education, "publish or perish" is a kind of imperative to perform, perform better, and perform optimally leading to an overall economy of fatigue.…

75 FR 55295 - List of Rules To Be Reviewed Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

...-3078, IC-29408; File No. S7-20-10] List of Rules To Be Reviewed Pursuant to the Regulatory Flexibility Act AGENCY: Securities and Exchange Commission. ACTION: Publication of list of rules scheduled for review. SUMMARY: The Securities and Exchange Commission is today publishing a list of rules to be...

Mental Illness in the Family. Families Today: A Research Sampler on Families and Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corfman, Eunice, Ed.

Science Monographs, published by the National Institute of Mental Health, are book-length, integrative state-of-the-art reviews, critical evaluations of findings, or program assessments of current research on topics related to the NIMH mandate. This set of articles concentrate on mental illness in the family. "Depression and Low-Income,…

A Front-Row Seat: Miguel Figueroa--Neal-Schuman Publishers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library Journal, 2005

2005-01-01

When the first career test, back in high school, pointed to librarianship, Miguel Figueroa "just blew it off." But when a similar test in the senior year of college produced the same result, Figueroa, like the librarian and editor that he is today, did his research and called three libraries (a public, an academic, and a school media…

Editing Women's Texts: Issues of Cultural Expectations in Editing and Evaluating Women's Writing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, Linda H.

By examining two autobiographies by Victorian women, the role of editors in the composing and publishing of autobiographical texts can be explored, and questions can be raised about the way personal writing is assigned, edited, and evaluated in classrooms today. The autobiography of Margaret Oliphant, a prolific Victorian novelist and critic, was…

Physical Education: Clear and Present Benefits and Responsibilities. The Fritz Duras Memorial Lecture 2017

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Telford, Richard D.

2017-01-01

A habitually active environment is a feature of past times, and in stark contrast with that experienced by our children today. Consequently, twenty-first century physical education (PE) assumes a position of great responsibility. This is especially true in primary schools; a premise recently strongly supported by published evidence from the…

Classic Papers in Psychology: From Theory to Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartley, James; Ho, Yuh-Shan

2015-01-01

Who are the most prestigious authors cited in today's psychology textbooks and journals? And where are (or where were) they based? This short note reports on the answers gained to such questions by using the Web of Science Core Collection to find the authors of the most highly cited papers in psychology published between 1927 and 2012. The…

Upholding Public Trust: An Examination of Teacher Professionalism and the Use of Teachers' Standards in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goepel, Janet

2012-01-01

This paper considers the nature of teacher professionalism in England today, tracing how it has changed and developed according to the impact of government policy and the introduction of standards for teachers. It examines the recently published Teachers' Standards with their emphasis on classroom practice together with the requirement for…

Question-Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries: A Timeless Topic in a Timeless Article

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyckoson, David A.

2015-01-01

It has been almost 50 years since Robert Taylor published his classic 1968 article, "Question-Negotiation and Information Seeking in Libraries," in "College & Research Libraries"; yet much of what that article discussed is as fresh today as it was back then. It has been identified as a classic because it has enduring themes…

The Power of Mentoring: An Age-Old Strategy Is Helping Today's Youth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Media Outreach Center.

This collection of articles is one of several published by public television's "One PLUS One" project, a special media emphasis on mentoring and its effectiveness in helping young people. The articles reflect the belief that providing youth with adult support and guidance can strengthen their self-esteem and encourage them to achieve. The…

Themes in the Research on Preservice Teachers' Views of Cultural Diversity: Implications for Researching Millennial Preservice Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castro, Antonio J.

2010-01-01

This article traces themes found in the research on preservice teachers' views of cultural diversity published in peer-reviewed journals from 1985 to 2007. The article seeks to draw insights that inform education researchers interested in interrogating and unpacking views about diversity expressed by today's millennial college students. Findings…

Keening Woman and Today: James Welch's Early Unpublished Novel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orton, Thomas

2006-01-01

It was most likely in the spring of 1966 that the late American Indian novelist James Welch wrote his first novel, predating his first published fiction by eight years. The titleless, hand-corrected typescript, stored in his Missoula home for many years, is 114 pages long and unfinished. The book is playful and experimental the way warm-ups…

The Thesis Black Market: Present State and Background

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gang, Wang

2007-01-01

The superficial reason for the existence of the thesis black market is the glut of theses and the shortage of publishing space; behind that is the skewed academic assessment system. Today, the following circumstances can be found in virtually all institutions of higher education in China: (1) A master's degree student must, during the two or…

Exploring First Responder Tactics in a Terrorist Chemical Attack

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

on the Prowl. TODAY Newspaper. Singapore: Mediacorp Publishing, January 4. Lucas, T . W., S. M. Sanchez, L. R. Sickinger, F. Martinez, and J . W...APPENDIX J . PYTHAGORAS 2.0.X ISSUES ENCOUNTERED.......................185 A. DRAWING DISPLAY BUG...in base case scenario. Bar graph shows the t ratio, with blue line showing the 0.05 significance level

An "Energetic and Controversial" Historian of Education Yesterday and Today: A. F. Leach (1851-1915)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simon, Joan

2007-01-01

This article is posthumously published as the late Joan Simon's most recent contribution to ongoing debates in historiography of education. Joan remained an active writer and a contributor to this journal and submitted the present article only months before her death, with characteristic determination to engage in historiographical debate, and to…

After the Bell, Beyond the Walls

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Langhorst, Eric

2007-01-01

Today, anyone can publish text, audio, pictures, or video on the Web quickly and at no charge using blogs, wikis, podcasts, and videosharing sites like YouTube. An 8th grade American history class has taken advantage of these technologies to expand student learning. Students read books and blog about them with people who live in different states,…

75 FR 47668 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-06

... systems (``ATSs''), including dark pools and electronic communication networks (``ECNs''). Each SRO market...ECN, BATS Trading and Direct Edge. Today, BATS publishes certain data at no charge on its Web site and... resulting executions to maintain low execution charges for its users.\\11\\ A proliferation of dark pools and...

76 FR 20054 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; the NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-11

... over 50,000,000 investors on Web sites operated by Google, Interactive Data, and Dow Jones, among... systems (``ATSs''), including dark pools and electronic communication networks (``ECNs''). Each SRO market..., Attain, TracECN, BATS Trading and Direct Edge. Today, BATS publishes its data at no charge on its Web...

Computer Networking in Japanese Education Today. AVE in Japan No. 27.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Japan Audio-Visual Education Association, Tokyo.

The Ad Hoc Council on Educational Reform pointed out in 1987 that Japanese education must prepare for the ever-increasing information needs of the future, and in 1988, a proposal for the development of information networks was published by the Ministry of Education, Science, and Culture. This proposal recommended the utilization of a wide range of…

Will Today's Electronic Journals Be Accessible in the 23rd Century: Issues in Long-Term Archiving (SIG STI, IFP)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lippert, Margaret

2000-01-01

This abstract of a planned session on access to scientific and technical journals addresses policy and standard issues related to long-term archives; digital archiving models; economic factors; hardware and software issues; multi-publisher electronic journal content integration; format considerations; and future data migration needs. (LRW)

A retrospective view of concussion in American football, 1900-1959: What was suggested then we now know.

PubMed

Solomon, Gary; Sills, Allen Kent

2015-07-01

While published work and media attention about football-related concussion in the USA have increased exponentially in the past few years, these injuries have in fact been written about for over a century. In this work, we undertook a selective review of the PubMed database of the published reports on concussion in football prior to 1960, with attention to the definitions used, physician attitudes, epidemiology, return to play criteria and recommendations and concerns related to long-term outcomes. Search inclusion criteria were English language, publication between the years 1900 and 1959 and studies written by healthcare professionals treating football-related injuries. Twenty-six studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, and the findings are grouped by topic area and detailed chronologically. Early sports medicine physicians struggled with many of the same issues faced today by clinicians such as honest reporting of symptoms by athletes, lack of uniform diagnosis and treatment and ambiguity over maximum 'safe' number of lifetime concussions.

Fire in the Belly and the Professionalization of Nurses: A Historical Analysis of Crohn Disease Care

PubMed Central

Brotherton, Carol S.; Taylor, Ann Gill; Keeling, Arlene

2012-01-01

Today professional nurses around the world are stepping up to meet the needs of individuals with Crohn disease using their specialized knowledge and skills that demonstrate areas of expertise that have not always existed. The gastrointestinal-specific knowledge being used by these 21st century nurses exists today because progressive efforts of nurses in previous decades moved the profession of nursing forward. The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze the development of the role of nurses in responding to new challenges patients with Crohn disease face since the emergence of the disease in the early 1900s. The authors used traditional historic research methods to conduct the study. Primary sources include nursing journals and textbooks published in the 20th and 21st centuries and documents archived at The Mount Sinai Hospital in New York City, where Burrill B. Crohn conducted his seminal work. The significance of the findings is that the changing role of nurses in caring for patients with Crohn disease mirrors the professionalization of nursing during the 20th and early 21st centuries. PMID:23364362

Karl Andrée (1880-1959) sedimentologist and marine geologist

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dullo, Wolf-Christian; Pfaffl, Fritz A.

2017-09-01

Karl Andrée began studying questions of sedimentology and oceanography in 1908 when working as an assistant at the University of Marburg and he remained faithful to these subjects until his death in 1959. The vast majority of his scientific contributions, however, were published during his time at the University of Königsberg (1915-1945). There he published his fundamental papers on marine geology, all of which adhered strictly to the principles of uniformitarianism, and helped improve our understanding of sedimentary processes and the stratigraphic record. His scientific work has enormous breadth. In the course of 55 years, he published 124 individual papers and books, some of which became classic textbooks. His versatility is particularly evident in his book "Geology of the Seafloor", which contains many pertinent observations and descriptions still relevant today, even if it has fallen out of fashion. This scientist and university teacher was the first to successfully present the huge field of marine geology in all its facet and to consider the deposition of marine sediments as a function of their geographical distribution.

Variation in Generational Perceptions of Child Health and Well-being.

PubMed

Freed, Gary L; Davis, Matthew M; Singer, Dianne C; Gebremariam, Acham; Schultz, Sara L; Matos-Moreno, Amilcar; Wietecha, Mark

To assess adults' perceptions regarding the health and well-being of children today relative to their own health and well-being as youth and the potential for intergenerational differences in those perceptions. A cross-sectional, Internet-based survey of a nationally representative household sample was conducted using GfK Custom Research's Web-enabled KnowledgePanel, a probability-based panel representative of the US population. We assessed perceptions of children's health and well-being today compared to when respondents were growing up, including physical and mental health; and children's education, exercise, diet, health care, safety of communities, and emotional support from families, groups, and organizations. Overall, 1330 (65%) of 2047 adult respondents completed the survey. Only 26% of respondents believed that the current physical health of children, and 14% that the current mental health of children, is better today than when they were growing up. There was a significant trend among generations, with a greater proportion of older generations perceiving the physical health of children to be better today. Only 15% of respondents reported the chances for a child to grow up with good mental health in the future are "better" now than when they were growing up. Adults across all generations in the United States today view children's health as unlikely to meet the goals of the American Dream of continuous improvement. Although demographic changes require continued focus on our aging population, we must equally recognize the importance of advancing a healthy future for our nation's children, who will assume the mantle of our future. Copyright © 2017 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Mapping Inner Space: Learning and Teaching Visual Mapping. Second Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Margulies, Nancy

More than 10 years ago, when "Mapping Inner Space" was first published, a few teachers were using this creative technique and teaching it to their students. Today mapping is widely used in schools, universities, and the corporate world, as well. This second edition of the book explores a variety of mapping styles and also takes a fresh look at the…

More Lessons Learned from Research, Volume 1: Useful and Usable Research Related to Core Mathematical Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silver, Edward A., Ed.; Kenney, Patricia Ann, Ed.

2015-01-01

This book's 28 chapters are adapted and updated from articles published in NCTM's "Journal for Research in Mathematics Education" between 2000 and 2010. The authors have rewritten and revised their work to make it clear, understandable, and--most of all--useful for mathematics teachers today. To help teachers even more, these articles…

Not So Fast: Inflation in Impact Factors Contributes to Apparent Improvements in Journal Quality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neff, Bryan D.; Olden, Julian D.

2010-01-01

The Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) impact factor has become an important standard for assessing journal quality. Here we propose that impact factors may be subject to inflation analogous to changes in monetary prices in economics. The possibility of inflation came to light as a result of the observation that papers published today tend…

The Importance of Cultivating Democratic Habits in Schools: Enduring Lessons from "Democracy and Education"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, David T.; James, Carmen

2016-01-01

In this article, we argue that democratic habits remain as vital for education and culture today as they were when Dewey published "Democracy and Education" in 1916. We take our point of departure from his treatment of habit and education in the book. Dewey dissolves the stereotypical notion that habits refer solely to mechanical,…

The Core Concepts: Fundamental to Media Literacy Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jolls, Tessa; Wilson, Carolyn

2014-01-01

"New media" does not change the essence of what media literacy is, nor does it affect its ongoing importance in society. Len Masterman, a UK-based professor, published his ground-breaking books in the 1980's and laid the foundation for media literacy to be taught to elementary and secondary students in a systematic way that is…

Cognitive Authority in Everyday Life: From Small Worlds to Virtual Worlds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyers, Eric M.

2010-01-01

The very nature of information seeking in today's world suggests that credibility is an important factor in how one goes about seeking and using information. The proliferation of Web-based resources and the ability for nearly anyone to publish on the Web force individuals to make judgments of quality and authority as they flow on- and offline in…

English Language Publishing in Chemical Engineering Journals from an Indian Academic's Point of View--A Broad Scientific Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palit, Sukanchan

2016-01-01

Scientific vision and scientific understanding in today's world are in the path of new glory. Chemical Engineering science is witnessing drastic and rapid changes. The metamorphosis of human civilization in this century is faced with vicious challenges. Progress of Chemical Engineering science, the vision of technology and the broad chemical…

The Birth of University Affiliated Early Childhood Centres of Excellence: Investing in Children, Families and Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krog, Soezin; Nel, Norma

2015-01-01

The wellbeing of young children is of national and international concern. Urgent action is therefore required to address issues of children's wellbeing, and failure to do so will have adverse consequences for children today and in generations to come. This paper addresses issues arising from recently published literature in the areas of Early…

1958-2008: 50 Years of Youth Fitness Tests in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrow, James R., Jr.; Zhu, Weimo; Franks, B. Don; Meredith, Marilu D.; Spain, Christine

2009-01-01

The AAHPER Youth Fitness Test, the first U.S. national fitness test, was published 50 years ago. The seminal work of Krause and Hirschland influenced the fitness world and continues to do so today. Important youth fitness test initiatives in the last half century are summarized. Key elements leading to continued interest in youth fitness testing…

Reid's Read-Alouds 2: Modern-Day Classics from C.S. Lewis to Lemony Snicket

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reid, Rob

2011-01-01

Need a one-stop resource for jumpstarting sleepy library visitors? Ready to add punch to classroom discussions? In this companion to his best-selling book "Reid's Read-Alouds", children's lit guru Reid dips back into the classics to highlight outstanding titles published between 1950 and 1999 that continue to connect with kids and teens today.…

Parts and Components Reliability Assessment: A Cost Effective Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Lydia

2009-01-01

System reliability assessment is a methodology which incorporates reliability analyses performed at parts and components level such as Reliability Prediction, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) to assess risks, perform design tradeoffs, and therefore, to ensure effective productivity and/or mission success. The system reliability is used to optimize the product design to accommodate today?s mandated budget, manpower, and schedule constraints. Stand ard based reliability assessment is an effective approach consisting of reliability predictions together with other reliability analyses for electronic, electrical, and electro-mechanical (EEE) complex parts and components of large systems based on failure rate estimates published by the United States (U.S.) military or commercial standards and handbooks. Many of these standards are globally accepted and recognized. The reliability assessment is especially useful during the initial stages when the system design is still in the development and hard failure data is not yet available or manufacturers are not contractually obliged by their customers to publish the reliability estimates/predictions for their parts and components. This paper presents a methodology to assess system reliability using parts and components reliability estimates to ensure effective productivity and/or mission success in an efficient manner, low cost, and tight schedule.

Pregnancy outcomes in youth with type 2 diabetes: The TODAY Study experience

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We evaluated pregnancy outcomes, maternal and fetal/neonatal, during the Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study. The TODAY study was a randomized controlled trial comparing three treatment options for youth with type 2 diabetes. Informed consent included the req...

Why do we have the kidney allocation system we have today? A history of the 2014 kidney allocation system.

PubMed

Stegall, Mark D; Stock, Peter G; Andreoni, Kenneth; Friedewald, John J; Leichtman, Alan B

2017-01-01

"Those who do not know the past are destined to repeat it". The current system for the allocation of deceased donor kidneys that was implemented in December 2014 (termed the kidney allocation system (KAS)) was the culmination of a decade-long process. Thus, many people involved in transplantation today may not be aware of the underlying concepts and early debates that resulted in KAS. Others who were involved might not remember the details (or have chosen to forget). The goal of this manuscript is to outline the history of the process in order to shed light on why KAS has its current format. Copyright © 2016 American Society for Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Neo-Symbiosis: The Next Stage in the Evolution of Human Information Interaction.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Griffith, Douglas; Greitzer, Frank L.

In his 1960 paper Man-Machine Symbiosis, Licklider predicted that human brains and computing machines will be coupled in a tight partnership that will think as no human brain has ever thought and process data in a way not approached by the information-handling machines we know today. Today we are on the threshold of resurrecting the vision of symbiosis. While Licklider’s original vision suggested a co-equal relationship, here we discuss an updated vision, neo-symbiosis, in which the human holds a superordinate position in an intelligent human-computer collaborative environment. This paper was originally published as a journal article and is being publishedmore » as a chapter in an upcoming book series, Advances in Novel Approaches in Cognitive Informatics and Natural Intelligence.« less

International cooperation and amateur meteor work

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roggemans, P.

Today, the existing framework for international cooperation among amateur meteor workers offers numerous advantages. However, this is a rather recent situation. Meteor astronomy, although popular among amateurs, was the very last topic within astronomy to benefit from a truly international approach. Anyone attempting long term studies of, for instance, meteor stream structures will be confronted with the systematic lack of usable observations due to the absence of any standards in observing, recording and reporting, any archiving or publishing policy. Visual meteor observations represent the overall majority of amateur efforts, while photographic and radio observing were developed only in recent decades as technological specialties of rather few meteor observing teams.

Comfrey: A Clinical Overview

PubMed Central

Staiger, Christiane

2012-01-01

Comfrey has a centuries-old tradition as a medicinal plant. Today, multiple randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of comfrey preparations for the topical treatment of pain, inflammation and swelling of muscles and joints in degenerative arthritis, acute myalgia in the back, sprains, contusions and strains after sports injuries and accidents, also in children aged 3 or 4 and over. This paper provides information on clinical trials and non-interventional studies published on comfrey to date and further literature, substantiating the fact that topical comfrey preparations are a valuable therapy option for the treatment of painful muscle and joint complaints. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID:22359388

A. Palmgren Revisited: A Basis for Bearing Life Prediction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaretsky, Erwin V.

1997-01-01

Bearing technology, as well as the bearing industry, began to develop with the invention of the bicycle in the 1850's. At the same time, high-quality steel was made possible by the Bessemer process. In 1881, H. Hertz published his contact stress analysis. By 1902, R. Stribeck had published his work based on Hertz theory to calculate the maximum load of a radially loaded ball bearing. By 1920, all of the rolling bearing types used today were being manufactured. AISI 52100 bearing steel became the material of choice for these bearings. Beginning in 1918, engineers directed their attention to predicting the lives of these bearings. In 1924, A. Palmgren published a paper outlining his approach to bearing life prediction. This paper was the basis for the Lundberg-Palmgren life theory published in 1947. A critical review of the 1924 Palmgren paper is presented here together with a discussion of its effect on bearing life prediction.

Junk science for sale Sham journals proliferating online.

PubMed

Klyce, Walter; Feller, Edward

2017-07-05

A new danger threatens the integrity of scholarly publishing: predatory journals. Internet-only, "open-access" publishing is a valid way for researchers to reach the public without a paywall separating them. But, of thousands of open-access scientific journals today, as many as twenty-five percent are believed to be fake, existing only to make money by charging authors high processing fees. In sham journals, peer review is cursory or absent: as many as eighty to ninety percent of submitted manuscripts are accepted, many within days, without any editorial comment. Predatory journalism can be remarkably good at mimicking reputable publishers. Sham journals use names and logos that closely resemble those of legitimate journals, intentionally confusing site visitors. Untrustworthy publications have not received the widespread, damning publicity they deserve. If junk science is not confronted and eliminated, it will continue to tarnish and undermine ethical, open-access scholarly publishing. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2017-07.asp].

The ontology life cycle: Integrated tools for editing, publishing, peer review, and evolution of ontologies

PubMed Central

Noy, Natalya; Tudorache, Tania; Nyulas, Csongor; Musen, Mark

2010-01-01

Ontologies have become a critical component of many applications in biomedical informatics. However, the landscape of the ontology tools today is largely fragmented, with independent tools for ontology editing, publishing, and peer review: users develop an ontology in an ontology editor, such as Protégé; and publish it on a Web server or in an ontology library, such as BioPortal, in order to share it with the community; they use the tools provided by the library or mailing lists and bug trackers to collect feedback from users. In this paper, we present a set of tools that bring the ontology editing and publishing closer together, in an integrated platform for the entire ontology lifecycle. This integration streamlines the workflow for collaborative development and increases integration between the ontologies themselves through the reuse of terms. PMID:21347039

Preserving the Science Legacy from the Apollo Missions to the Moon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, Cindy; Zeigler, Ryan; Lehnert, Kerstin; Todd, Nancy; Blumenfeld, Erika

2015-01-01

Six Apollo missions landed on the Moon from 1969-72, returning to Earth 382 kg of lunar rock, soil, and core samples-among the best documented and preserved samples on Earth that have supported a robust research program for 45 years. From mission planning through sample collection, preliminary examination, and subsequent research, strict protocols and procedures are followed for handling and allocating Apollo subsamples. Even today, 100s of samples are allocated for research each year, building on the science foundation laid down by the early Apollo sample studies and combining new data from today's instrumentation, lunar remote sensing missions and lunar meteorites. Today's research includes advances in our understanding of lunar volatiles, lunar formation and evolution, and the origin of evolved lunar lithologies. Much sample information is available to researchers at curator.jsc.nasa.gov. Decades of analyses on lunar samples are published in LPSC proceedings volumes and other peer-reviewed journals, and tabulated in lunar sample compendia entries. However, for much of the 1969-1995 period, the processing documentation, individual and consortia analyses, and unpublished results exist only in analog forms or primitive digital formats that are either inaccessible or at risk of being lost forever because critical data from early investigators remain unpublished. We have initiated several new efforts to rescue some of the early Apollo data, including unpublished analytical data. We are scanning NASA documentation that is related to the Apollo missions and sample processing, and we are collaborating with IEDA to establish a geochemical database called Moon DB. To populate this database, we are working with prominent lunar PIs to organize and transcribe years of both published and unpublished data. Other initiatives include micro-CT scanning of complex lunar samples to document their interior structure (e.g. clasts, vesicles); linking high-resolution scans of Apollo film products to samples; and new procedures for systematic high resolution photography of samples before additional processing, enabling detailed 3D reconstructions of the samples. All of these efforts will provide comprehensive access to Apollo samples and support better curation of the samples for decades to come.

Preserving the Science Legacy from the Apollo Missions to the Moon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Todd, N. S.; Evans, C. A.; Zeigler, R. A.; Lehnert, K. A.

2015-12-01

Six Apollo missions landed on the Moon from 1969-72, returning to Earth 382 kg of lunar rock, soil, and core samples—among the best documented and preserved samples on Earth that have supported a robust research program for 45 years. From mission planning through sample collection, preliminary examination, and subsequent research, strict protocols and procedures are followed for handling and allocating Apollo subsamples. Even today, 100s of samples are allocated for research each year, building on the science foundation laid down by the early Apollo sample studies and combining new data from today's instrumentation, lunar remote sensing missions and lunar meteorites. Today's research includes advances in our understanding of lunar volatiles, lunar formation and evolution, and the origin of evolved lunar lithologies. Much sample information is available to researchers at curator.jsc.nasa.gov. Decades of analyses on lunar samples are published in LPSC proceedings volumes and other peer-reviewed journals, and tabulated in lunar sample compendia entries. However, for much of the 1969-1995 period, the processing documentation, individual and consortia analyses, and unpublished results exist only in analog forms or primitive digital formats that are either inaccessible or at risk of being lost forever because critical data from early investigators remain unpublished. We have initiated several new efforts to rescue some of the early Apollo data, including unpublished analytical data. We are scanning NASA documentation that is related to the Apollo missions and sample processing, and we are collaborating with IEDA to establish a geochemical database called Moon DB. To populate this database, we are working with prominent lunar PIs to organize and transcribe years of both published and unpublished data. Other initiatives include micro-CT scanning of complex lunar samples to document their interior structure (e.g. clasts, vesicles); linking high-resolution scans of Apollo film products to samples; and new procedures for systematic high resolution photography of samples before additional processing, enabling detailed 3D reconstructions of the samples. All of these efforts will provide comprehensive access to Apollo samples and support better curation of the samples for decades to come.

Vitamin D and Atopic Dermatitis in Childhood

PubMed Central

Vestita, Michelangelo; Filoni, Angela; Congedo, Maurizio; Foti, Caterina

2015-01-01

Vitamin D features immunomodulatory effects on both the innate and adaptive immune systems, which may explain the growing evidence connecting vitamin D to allergic diseases. A wealth of studies describing a beneficial effect of vitamin D on atopic dermatitis (AD) prevalence and severity are known. However, observations linking high vitamin D levels to an increased risk of developing AD have also been published, effectively creating a controversy. In this paper, we review the existing literature on the association between AD and vitamin D levels, focusing on childhood. As of today, the role of vitamin D in AD is far from clear; additional studies are particularly needed in order to confirm the promising therapeutic role of vitamin D supplementation in childhood AD. PMID:25973433

Making Web 2.0 Work--From "Librarian Habilis" to "Librarian Sapiens"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cvetkovic, Milica

2009-01-01

When people look back at the World Wide Web of 1996, there can be no doubt that today's web is better and more useful. Hyperlinking webpages and bookmarking were two of the most important aspects of the Web 1.0 world. Soon, though, usability and sharing became very high priorities, and Web 2.0 evolved. Information published in the Web 2.0 world…

Chronic beryllium disease prevention program; worker safety and health program. Final rule.

PubMed

2006-02-09

The Department of Energy (DOE) is today publishing a final rule to implement the statutory mandate of section 3173 of the Bob Stump National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA) for Fiscal Year 2003 to establish worker safety and health regulations to govern contractor activities at DOE sites. This program codifies and enhances the worker protection program in operation when the NDAA was enacted.

Lend Me Your Ears: The Truth in the Fiction of The Glass Bees by Ernst Junger

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goudreau, Kim

2010-01-01

"The Glass Bees" by Ernst Junger was first published in Germany in 1957. It is a speculative fictional work that foretells much of what today is the reality of life in a technological society. Of particular import is his portrayal of the ambiguity of human character and moral guideposts that leave only power to mediate human relationships. These…

Federal Register Notice: State Authorization To Regulate the Hazardous Components of Radioactive Mixed Wastes Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is today publishing a notice that in order to obtain and maintain authorization to administer and enforce a hazardous waste program pursuant to Subtitle C of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), States must have authority to regulate the hazardous components of 'radioactive mixed wastes.

[Violence against women within a relationship].

PubMed

Ronai, Ernestine; Garcia, Annie

Violence within a relationship affects women in the majority of cases. Today in France, 223 000 women are victims of serious physical, psychological or sexual domestic violence. These situations have an important impact on a child's development. All professionals working with children must be made aware of these forms of abuse which are not always easy to spot. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Love, Justice, and Education: John Dewey and the Utopians. Landscapes of Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schubert, William H.

2010-01-01

Love, Justice, and Education by William H. Schubert brings to life key ideas in the work of John Dewey and their relevance for the world today. He does this by imagining continuation of a highly evocative article that Dewey published in the New York Times in 1933. Dewey wrote from the posture of having visited Utopia. Schubert begins each of…

Copying Right and Copying Wrong with Web 2.0 Tools in the Teacher Education and Communications Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGrail, Ewa; McGrail, J. Patrick

2010-01-01

Understanding the tenets of copyright in general, and in particular, in online communication and publishing with Web 2.0 tools, has become an important part of literacy in today's Information Age, as well as a cornerstone of free speech and responsible citizenship for the future. Young content creators must be educated about copyright law, their…

The Experimental Social Scientific Model in Speech Communication Research: Influences and Consequences.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferris, Sharmila Pixy

A substantial number of published articles in speech communication research today is experimental/social scientific in nature. It is only in the past decade that scholars have begun to put the history of communication under the lens. Early advocates of the adoption of the method of social scientific inquiry were J. A. Winans, J. M. O'Neill, and C.…

The 20,000 Article Problem: How a Structured Abstract Can Help Practitioners Sort out Educational Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miech, Edward J.; Nave, Bill; Mosteller, Frederick

2005-01-01

This article describes what a structured abstract is and how a structured abstract can help researchers sort out information. Today over 1,000 education journals publish more than 20,000 articles in the English language each year. No systematic tool is available at present to get the research findings from these tens of thousands of articles to…

Revisiting "No Easy Answers": Application of Sally Smith's Methods in the Lab School of Washington High School Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reynolds, Meredith

2010-01-01

The first edition of "No Easy Answers" (Smith, 1995) was published in 1979, thirty years ago. That seminal work is as relevant today as it was when the book first appeared. This article provides a description of how Sally Smith's Academic Club Method is implemented in the High School program of The Lab School of Washington.

Publish or perish: writing clinical manuscripts suitable for publication.

PubMed

Batcheller, Joyce; Kirksey, Kenn M; VanDyke, Yvonne; Armstrong, Myrna L

2012-01-01

A successful hospital network and university faculty collaboration offered 21 staff nurses and nurse leaders opportunities to develop clinical manuscripts that would be suitable for publishing their innovative ideas. This process prepared them to synthesize relevant literature and develop their ideas into manuscripts. Ten nurses submitted their final manuscripts to refereed journals, and nine individuals or team members had their articles accepted. These accepted publications provided a boost to individual career development and stimulated further valuable professional dissemination goals. One major challenge was to seek further ways to find time to write while working in today's health care arena. Suggestions for future manuscript development are provided. Copyright 2012, SLACK Incorporated.

[Analysis of the citation of the articles published in National Journal of Andrology by SCI periodicals from 2002 to 2008].

PubMed

Huang, Hai

2009-03-01

Science Citation Index (SCI) is one of the world's most important and influential information retrieval systems. Today Web of Science covers over 9000 international and regional journals and book series in every field of natural sciences, social sciences, and arts and humanities. More and more Chinese periodicals have been cited by SCI. This paper briefly introduces the SCI database and its selection process and analyzes the citation of the articles published in National Journal of Andrology (NJA) by SCI journals from 2002 to 2008, aiming to provide some information for the internationalization of NJA.

Medical expert witness litmus.

PubMed

Jones, James W; McCullough, Laurence B

2012-08-01

Several years ago, Dr G. Breaking was the foremost proponent of a new surgical procedure, which was named after him. At a recent national meeting, he discussed a paper that modified the procedure and criticized the presenter's revisions as dangerous--risking increased paralysis. GB's unedited comments were published last month in the specialty's leading journal. Today, an attorney called the office representing a surgical patient who suffered paralysis after undergoing the modified procedure. GB has unremittingly avoided involvement in litigation. The plaintiff's attorney asks him to serve as an expert witness against the surgeon. What should GB do? Copyright © 2012 Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Gardens of paradise.

PubMed

Müller-Wille, S

2001-06-01

Two hundred and fifty years ago, the Swedish naturalist Carolus Linnaeus (1707-1778) published his Philosophia botanica. This textbook in botanical science was widely read well into the 19th century. Today it is remembered mainly for two things: the introduction of binomial nomenclature and the formulation of a fixist and creationist species concept. While the former achievement is seen as a practical tool, still applicable for purposes of identification and information retrieval, the latter is usually deemed to have been one of the main obstacles to scientific progress in biology. That both achievements were not independent of each other, but interlocked theoretically and grounded in a specific scientific practice still thriving today--the collection of plant specimens in botanical gardens--is usually overlooked. The following article tries to uncover these connections and to demonstrate the significance that Linnaeus' achievements had for modern biology.

Two-dimensional imaging detectors for structural biology with X-ray lasers.

PubMed

Denes, Peter

2014-07-17

Our ability to harness the advances in microelectronics over the past decade(s) for X-ray detection has resulted in significant improvements in the state of the art. Biology with X-ray free-electron lasers present daunting detector challenges: all of the photons arrive at the same time, and individual high peak power pulses must be read out shot-by-shot. Direct X-ray detection in silicon pixel detectors--monolithic or hybrid--are the standard for XFELs today. For structural biology, improvements are needed for today's 10-100 Hz XFELs, and further improvements are required for tomorrow's 10+ kHz XFELs. This article will discuss detector challenges, why they arise and ways to overcome them, along with the current state of the art. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

A literature review on optimum and preferred joint angles in automotive sitting posture.

PubMed

Schmidt, Susanne; Amereller, Maximilian; Franz, Matthias; Kaiser, Ralf; Schwirtz, Ansgar

2014-03-01

In this study, a survey of the scientific literature in the field of optimum and preferred human joint angles in automotive sitting posture was conducted by referring to thirty different sources published between 1940 and today. The strategy was to use only sources with numerical angle data in combination with keywords. The aim of the research was to detect commonly used joint angles in interior car design. The main analysis was on data measurement, usability and comparability of the different studies. In addition, the focus was on the reasons for the differently described results. It was found that there is still a lack of information in methodology and description of background. Due to these reasons published data is not always usable to design a modern ergonomic car environment. As a main result of our literature analysis we suggest undertaking further research in the field of biomechanics and ergonomics to work out scientific based and objectively determined "optimum" joint angles in automotive sitting position. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd and The Ergonomics Society. All rights reserved.

Rescue and Preservation of Sample Data from the Apollo Missions to the Moon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Todd, Nancy S.; Zeigler, Ryan A.; Evans, Cindy A.; Lehnert, Kerstin

2016-01-01

Six Apollo missions landed on the Moon from 1969-72, returning to Earth 382 kg of lunar rock, soil, and core samples. These samples are among the best documented and preserved samples on Earth that have supported a robust research program for 45 years. From mission planning through sample collection, preliminary examination, and subsequent research, strict protocols and procedures are followed for handling and allocating Apollo subsamples, resulting in the production of vast amounts of documentation. Even today, hundreds of samples are allocated for research each year, building on the science foundation laid down by the early Apollo sample studies and combining new data from today's instrumentation, lunar remote sensing missions and lunar meteorites. Much sample information is available to researchers at curator.jsc.nasa.gov. Decades of analyses on lunar samples are published in LPSC proceedings volumes and other peer-reviewed journals, and tabulated in lunar sample compendia entries. However, for much of the 1969-1995 period, the processing documentation, individual and consortia analyses, and unpublished results exist only in analog forms or primitive digital formats that are either inaccessible or at risk of being lost forever because critical data from early investigators remain unpublished.

The case of the combative CFO.

PubMed

Nichols, N A; Bagley, C E; Beard, E; Dworkin, D; Millstein, I M

1992-01-01

Minute Publishing Chairman and CEO Neil Harcum has a right to be proud of his new national newspaper, America Today. It has won three Pulitzer Prizes and attracted one million readers in just three years of publication. But, as CFO Peter Rawson points out, it's also losing $100 million a year and has broken Minute's 20-year string of earnings gains. In the process, the company has been split between two warring factions: one is backing Harcum and favors continuing the paper. The other agrees with Rawson that the project must be stopped. The board of directors has been assembled to decide the newspaper's fate. In his speech to the board, Rawson says it's time to cut Minute's losses and put an end to America Today. And Wall Street agrees. Several brokerage houses have taken Minute off their buy lists, and rating agencies are about to down-grade the company's debt. "America Today is not a good investment," Rawson argues. "Certainly, it isn't in keeping with our commitment to deliver maximum value to our shareholders." But Harcum thinks Rawson is way out of line. "We cannot allow our bean-counters to set policy," he claims. Harcum sees the newspaper as a product of the future that has created its own market. It's only a matter of time before America Today attracts enough advertising to put it in the black. He has a successful track record, and he doesn't want the board to lose faith in him now.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

A study of innovative features in scholarly open access journals.

PubMed

Björk, Bo-Christer

2011-12-16

The emergence of the Internet has triggered tremendous changes in the publication of scientific peer-reviewed journals. Today, journals are usually available in parallel electronic versions, but the way the peer-review process works, the look of articles and journals, and the rigid and slow publication schedules have remained largely unchanged, at least for the vast majority of subscription-based journals. Those publishing firms and scholarly publishers who have chosen the more radical option of open access (OA), in which the content of journals is freely accessible to anybody with Internet connectivity, have had a much bigger degree of freedom to experiment with innovations. The objective was to study how open access journals have experimented with innovations concerning ways of organizing the peer review, the format of journals and articles, new interactive and media formats, and novel publishing revenue models. The features of 24 open access journals were studied. The journals were chosen in a nonrandom manner from the approximately 7000 existing OA journals based on available information about interesting journals and include both representative cases and highly innovative outlier cases. Most early OA journals in the 1990s were founded by individual scholars and used a business model based on voluntary work close in spirit to open-source development of software. In the next wave, many long-established journals, in particular society journals and journals from regions such as Latin America, made their articles OA when they started publishing parallel electronic versions. From about 2002 on, newly founded professional OA publishing firms using article-processing charges to fund their operations have emerged. Over the years, there have been several experiments with new forms of peer review, media enhancements, and the inclusion of structured data sets with articles. In recent years, the growth of OA publishing has also been facilitated by the availability of open-source software for journal publishing. The case studies illustrate how a new technology and a business model enabled by new technology can be harnessed to find new innovative ways for the organization and content of scholarly publishing. Several recent launches of OA journals by major subscription publishers demonstrate that OA is rapidly gaining acceptance as a sustainable alternative to subscription-based scholarly publishing.

A Study of Innovative Features in Scholarly Open Access Journals

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background The emergence of the Internet has triggered tremendous changes in the publication of scientific peer-reviewed journals. Today, journals are usually available in parallel electronic versions, but the way the peer-review process works, the look of articles and journals, and the rigid and slow publication schedules have remained largely unchanged, at least for the vast majority of subscription-based journals. Those publishing firms and scholarly publishers who have chosen the more radical option of open access (OA), in which the content of journals is freely accessible to anybody with Internet connectivity, have had a much bigger degree of freedom to experiment with innovations. Objective The objective was to study how open access journals have experimented with innovations concerning ways of organizing the peer review, the format of journals and articles, new interactive and media formats, and novel publishing revenue models. Methods The features of 24 open access journals were studied. The journals were chosen in a nonrandom manner from the approximately 7000 existing OA journals based on available information about interesting journals and include both representative cases and highly innovative outlier cases. Results Most early OA journals in the 1990s were founded by individual scholars and used a business model based on voluntary work close in spirit to open-source development of software. In the next wave, many long-established journals, in particular society journals and journals from regions such as Latin America, made their articles OA when they started publishing parallel electronic versions. From about 2002 on, newly founded professional OA publishing firms using article-processing charges to fund their operations have emerged. Over the years, there have been several experiments with new forms of peer review, media enhancements, and the inclusion of structured data sets with articles. In recent years, the growth of OA publishing has also been facilitated by the availability of open-source software for journal publishing. Conclusions The case studies illustrate how a new technology and a business model enabled by new technology can be harnessed to find new innovative ways for the organization and content of scholarly publishing. Several recent launches of OA journals by major subscription publishers demonstrate that OA is rapidly gaining acceptance as a sustainable alternative to subscription-based scholarly publishing. PMID:22173122

Introduction to the Special Issue on Advancing Methods for Analyzing Dialect Variation.

PubMed

Clopper, Cynthia G

2017-07-01

Documenting and analyzing dialect variation is traditionally the domain of dialectology and sociolinguistics. However, modern approaches to acoustic analysis of dialect variation have their roots in Peterson and Barney's [(1952). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 24, 175-184] foundational work on the acoustic analysis of vowels that was published in the Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (JASA) over 6 decades ago. Although Peterson and Barney (1952) were not primarily concerned with dialect variation, their methods laid the groundwork for the acoustic methods that are still used by scholars today to analyze vowel variation within and across languages. In more recent decades, a number of methodological advances in the study of vowel variation have been published in JASA, including work on acoustic vowel overlap and vowel normalization. The goal of this special issue was to honor that tradition by bringing together a set of papers describing the application of emerging acoustic, articulatory, and computational methods to the analysis of dialect variation in vowels and beyond.

Does language matter? A case study of epidemiological and public health journals, databases and professional education in French, German and Italian

PubMed Central

Baussano, Iacopo; Brzoska, Patrick; Fedeli, Ugo; Larouche, Claudia; Razum, Oliver; Fung, Isaac C-H

2008-01-01

Epidemiology and public health are usually context-specific. Journals published in different languages and countries play a role both as sources of data and as channels through which evidence is incorporated into local public health practice. Databases in these languages facilitate access to relevant journals, and professional education in these languages facilitates the growth of native expertise in epidemiology and public health. However, as English has become the lingua franca of scientific communication in the era of globalisation, many journals published in non-English languages face the difficult dilemma of either switching to English and competing internationally, or sticking to the native tongue and having a restricted circulation among a local readership. This paper discusses the historical development of epidemiology and the current scene of epidemiological and public health journals, databases and professional education in three Western European languages: French, German and Italian, and examines the dynamics and struggles they have today. PMID:18826570

Royal College of Nursing (Rcn) code of professional conduct: a discussion document.

PubMed Central

Dawson, J D; Altschul, A T; Sampson, C; Smith, A M

1977-01-01

We are printing in its entirety the discussion document which sets out a code of professional conduct for nurses published by the Royal College of Nursing in November 1976 together with commentaries by the Assistant Secretary of the British Medical Association, a professor of nursing studies, student nurses and a lawyer. The image of the nurse is still that of one of Florence Nightingale's young ladies or of a member of a religious order who is wholly dedicated to caring for the sick. Today, as this document and the comments upon it show, 'dedication' is still part of the motive which leads a man or woman to become a nurse but in addition, and this is where the public may be ignorant or choose to be ignorant, nursing offers a career where intellectual achievement and the satisfaction of a demanding job bring their proper financial reward and place in the professional community. We are grateful to the Royal College of Nursing for permission to publish this document. PMID:926130

JPRS Report, China

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-06

TAIWAN New KMT Pursues Political Struggle [ HSIN HSIN WEN 6 Mar] 64 HONG KONG, MACAO Newly Elected Local Members of CPPCC Published [MING PAO 20...impartially enforcing them will it be possible to attract more foreign investors. Indeed, some foreign business people said: Today you turn your laws and...difficulties. As for the difficulties we mention here, we do not mean a difficulty in making tax pay- ments. When you encounter temporary difficulties, we

78 FR 4154 - Identification of Foreign Countries Whose Nationals Are Eligible To Participate in the H-2A and H...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-18

... Whose Nationals Are Eligible To Participate in the H-2A and H-2B Nonimmigrant Worker Programs AGENCY... participate in the H-2A and H-2B programs for the coming year. The list published today includes one new..., ``Identification of Foreign Countries Whose Nationals Are Eligible to Participate in the H-2A Visa Program,'' and...

Systems Thinking and Patient Safety

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

1 Prologue Systems Thinking and Patient Safety Paul M. Schyve Patient safety is a prominent theme in health care delivery today. This should... patient safety and a willingness to invest in patient safety research. This volume—published by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ...The recent advent of the health care field’s emphasis on patient safety came at a favorable time. One or two decades earlier, our response would have

[Henry Beecher and medical science: the 50th anniversary of a famous article].

PubMed

Jacobs, N; Huisman, F G

2017-01-01

In 2016, it had been exactly half a century ago that Henry Beecher published his article 'Ethics and clinical research' in The New England Journal of Medicine. Today, this article is considered a turning point in the history of medical research ethics. On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of this famous article, we are looking back on this turbulent period in the history of medicine.

HMO innovations. Video-enhanced medical advice; senior zoo walkers; Group Health Resource Line; enhancing health education programs through desktop publishing; home health beat; innovative school health partnership.

PubMed

Paperny, D M; Maeser, J D; Artz, K; Stroh, M J; Jackson, L; Cohen, K; Lancaster, M S; Heyer, A L; Clevenson, D S

1991-01-01

The editors of HMO PRACTICE asked clinicians and health educators in HMOs across the country to submit reports on their unique, successful patient education programs. The following HMO Innovations testify to the wide range of new technologies, enterprising partnerships, and creative ideas that are shaping health education in HMOs today.

Strategic Challenges during Changing Times: A Prioritized Research Program, 1994

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-04-01

and planning. 14, SUBJECT T[RMS 15 NUMBER OF PAGES strategic assessments; domestic and global issues and 5 trends; peace operations; political...1994 or which, for a variety of reasons, will riot be published. 3 SECTION I TRANSREGIONAL SECURITY CONCERNS Regional Challenges, Global Issues . When...but global issues . Global security issues derive from three forms of connectivity. The first is economic. Today, there is truly a world economy. Markets

A hundred-year-old insight into the gut microbiome!

PubMed

Aziz, Ramy Karam

2009-12-07

As the National Institutes of Health-funded Human Microbiome Project enters its second phase, and as a major part of this project focuses on the human gut microbiome and its effects on human health, it might help us to travel a century back in time and examine how microbiologists dealt with microbiome-related challenges similar to those of the 21st century using the tools of their time. An article by Arthur I. Kendall, published in The Journal of Biological Chemistry in November 1909 (Some observations on the study of the intestinal bacteria J Biol Chem 1909, 6:499-507), offers a visionary insight into many of today's hot research questions.

The nature of the redshift and directly observed quasar statistics.

PubMed

Segal, I E; Nicoll, J F; Wu, P; Zhou, Z

1991-07-01

The nature of the cosmic redshift is one of the most fundamental questions in modern science. Hubble's discovery of the apparent Expansion of the Universe is derived from observations on a small number of galaxies at very low redshifts. Today, quasar redshifts have a range more than 1000 times greater than those in Hubble's sample, and represent more than 100 times as many objects. A recent comprehensive compilation of published measurements provides the basis for a study indicating that quasar observations are not in good agreement with the original predictions of the Expanding Universe theory, but are well fit by the predictions of an alternative theory having fewer adjustable parameters.

Vesalius’ legacy. The Tabulae pictae of Girolamo Fabrici d’ Acquapendente.

PubMed

2016-06-01

Girolamo Fabrici d’Acquapendente (ca.1533–1619) left a rich collection of anatomical paintings in colours, which are today preserved in the Marciana Library in Venice. The third series, entitled De Anatomia Capitis Cerebri Nervorum, contains the only known illustrations by Fabrici regarding neuroanatomy since, apart from them, he never published on the nervous system. For this reason, a thorough study of these plates is pivotal to a better understanding of his contribution to the knowledge of the Nervous System. A recently found unpublished manuscript reporting on a lesson of Fabrici, given in the Anatomical Theather in Padua, constitutes to this day the only written description, however indirect, of this subject by him.

[Drinking water hardness and chronic degenerative diseases. I. Analysis of epidemiological research].

PubMed

Nardi, G; Donato, F; Monarca, S; Gelatti, U

2003-01-01

For many years a causal relation between drinking water hardness and cardiovascular or other chronic degenerative diseases in humans has been hypothesized. In order to evaluate the association between the concentration of minerals (calcium and magnesium) responsible for the hardness of drinking water and human health, a review of all the articles published on the subject from 1980 up to today has been carried out. The retrieved articles have been divided into 4 categories: geographic correlation studies, cross-sectional studies, case-control and cohort studies, and clinical trials. The methods for the selection of the articles and the extraction and analysis of the data are detailed in this paper. Epidemiological studies have been reviewed critically, and some conclusions have been drawn taking into account the research in basic sciences and experimental studies. However, a formal meta-analysis has not been performed, due to the heterogeneity of measures of effect among the different studies.

[Management of atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis in 2016].

PubMed

Fournier, Thomas; Sens, Florence; Rouvière, Olivier; Millon, Antoine; Juillard, Laurent

2017-02-01

Endovascular revascularization as treatment of atherosclerotic renal-artery stenosis (aRAS) is controversial since 3 large and multicentric randomised trials (CORAL, ASTRAL, STAR) failed to prove the superiority of percutaneous transluminal renal-artery stenting (PTRAS) over medical treatment only (MT). However, considering the multiple bias of these trials, among which questionable inclusion criterias, these results must be extrapolated in clinical practice with caution. New pathophysiological data have been helping to understand why restoring blood flow does not necessarily lead to kidney function improvement. Today, the diagnostic approach must in one hand confirm the artery stenosis and on the other hand assess its severity and impact on the kidney. Therapeutic options still lie on the American guidelines published in 2006, since no study data can be reasonably used in everyday practice. However, particular sub-groups of patients who could benefit from revascularisation have been identified through recent cohort studies. Further prospective studies are needed in order to confirm the superiority of PTRAS in these populations. Meanwhile, multidisciplinary approach should be promoted, in order to provide the best treatment for each patient. Copyright © 2016 Association Société de néphrologie. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Use of fibers in childhood constipation treatment: systematic review with meta-analysis.

PubMed

Piccoli de Mello, Patricia; Eifer, Diego Andre; Daniel de Mello, Elza

2018-02-21

To gather current evidence on the use of fiber for constipation treatment in pediatric patients. Systematic review with meta-analysis of studies identified through Pubmed, Embase, LILACS and Cochrane databases published up to 2016. Randomized controlled trials; patients aged between 1 and 18 years and diagnosed with functional constipation receiving or not drug treatment for constipation; articles published in Portuguese, English, Spanish, French, and German in journals accessible to the researchers. A total of 2963 articles were retrieved during the search and, after adequate evaluation, nine articles were considered relevant to the study objective. A total of 680 children were included, of whom 45% were boys. No statistical significance was observed for bowel movement frequency, stool consistency, therapeutic success, fecal incontinence, and abdominal pain with fiber intake in patients with childhood constipation. These results should be interpreted with care due to the high clinical heterogeneity between the studies and the methodological limitation of the articles selected for analysis. There is a scarcity of qualified studies to evaluate fiber supplementation in the treatment of childhood constipation, generating a low degree of confidence in estimating the real effect of this intervention on this population. Today, according to the current literature, adequate fiber intake should only be recommended for functional constipation, and fiber supplementation should not be prescribed in the diet of constipated children and adolescents. Copyright © 2018 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Central Asian sand seas climate change as inferred from OSL dating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maman, Shimrit; Tsoar, Haim; Blumberg, Dan; Porat, Naomi

2014-05-01

Luminescence dating techniques have become more accessible, widespread, more accurate and support studies of climate change. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) is used to determine the time elapsed since quartz grains were last exposed to sunlight, before they were buried and the dune stabilized. Many sand seas have been dated extensively by luminescence, e.g., the Kalahari, Namib the Australian linear dunes and the northwestern Negev dune field, Israel. However, no ages were published so far from the central Asian sand seas. The lack of dune stratigraphy and numerical ages precluded any reliable assessment of the paleoclimatic significance of dunes in central Asia. Central Asian Sand seas (ergs) have accumulated in the Turan basin, north-west of the Hindu Kush range, and span from south Turkmenistan to the Syr-Darya River in Kazakhstan. These ergs are dissected by the Amu-Darya River; to its north lies the Kyzylkum (red sands) and to its south lies the Karakum (black sands). Combined, they form one of the largest sand seas in the world. This area is understudied, and little information has been published regarding the sands stabilization processes and deposition ages. In this study, OSL ages for the Karakum and Kyzylkum sands are presented and analysis of the implications of these results is provided. Optical dates obtained in this study are used to study the effects climatic changes had on the mobility and stability of the central Asian sand seas. Optically stimulated luminescence ages derived from the upper meter of the interdune of 14 exposed sections from both ergs, indicate extensive sand and dune stabilization during the mid-Holocene. This stabilization is understood to reflect a transition to a warmer, wetter, and less windy climate that generally persisted until today. The OSL ages, coupled with a compilation of regional paleoclimatic data, corroborate and reinforce the previously proposed Mid-Holocene Liavliakan phase, known to reflect a warmer, wetter, and less windy climate that persists until today and resulted in dune stabilization around the Mid-Holocene. This study, solidifies our results regarding the Kyzylkum and Karakum sand seas dynamics, ages, and emphasizes the importance of regional climatic control on aeolian activity.

Relevance today and tomorrow in medical education. A forum with a purpose.

PubMed

Cullen, S C; Taylor, C E; Brayton, D F

1970-04-01

Students of today question the relevance of much of their formal education. In medical schools the concern is particularly with the relevance of the educational experience to the professional commitment in modern society. To engender discussion of the subject, California Medicine in its January issue printed eight essays by authors known to have keen interest in the subject. Readers in California and elsewhere are invited to take part in a continuation of the forum in succeeding issues. The following are contributions selected from those received to date. Others will be published in the months ahead. At an appropriate time the material will be collated and, if feasible, the distillate will be prepared in the form of a statement. If you have thoughts on the subject, just address them to the editors of California Medicine, 693 Sutter Street, San Francisco, California, 94102. Keep your essays short, please.

Challenges in small animal parturition--timing elective and emergency cesarian sections.

PubMed

Smith, F O

2007-08-01

Given the societal emphasis placed on the deliberate breeding of purebred animals, the practitioner today is faced with issues relative to successful parturition in these animals. Today, the serious hobby breeder expects to use planned breeding management to result in a high conception and pregnancy rate and survival rates of offspring that may exceed published parameters. These clients may elect to schedule cesarean section to maximize puppy survival and assure that they have access to quality veterinary care. Using a combination of hormone assays, temperature changes in the dam and carefully timed and documented breeding management, a cesarean section can be planned. Emergency cesarean sections will still be required for the bitch that experiences dystocia or a medical condition that warrants intervention. Timed cesarean section results in a favorable medical outcome for the dam and litter and a better financial outcome for the owner.

Credibility judgments in web page design - a brief review.

PubMed

Selejan, O; Muresanu, D F; Popa, L; Muresanu-Oloeriu, I; Iudean, D; Buzoianu, A; Suciu, S

2016-01-01

Today, more than ever, knowledge that interfaces appearance analysis is a crucial point in human-computer interaction field has been accepted. As nowadays virtually anyone can publish information on the web, the credibility role has grown increasingly important in relation to the web-based content. Areas like trust, credibility, and behavior, doubled by overall impression and user expectation are today in the spotlight of research compared to the last period, when other pragmatic areas such as usability and utility were considered. Credibility has been discussed as a theoretical construct in the field of communication in the past decades and revealed that people tend to evaluate the credibility of communication primarily by the communicator's expertise. Other factors involved in the content communication process are trustworthiness and dynamism as well as various other criteria but to a lower extent. In this brief review, factors like web page aesthetics, browsing experiences and user experience are considered.

Which way ahead?: I want my doctor to.... The mechanics of market research for medics in the millenium: special communication.

PubMed

Hicks, A

2004-12-01

A brief description is given of the changing politico-social structure today involving medicine and especially the cosy personal doctor-patient relationship of the past which has now become triangular involving Managed Health Care Organisations in many cases. The Medical Practitioners' and Dentists' Board (the Board) appointed the Ethics Conference Committee largely composed of non-Board members to collect and collate information of what doctors, paramedics and the lay public expected from their doctors today. It is planned that the Committee's Report summarising this information would form the basis of the new guidelines to modern ethics to be published by the Board later. In this paper the mechanics, funding and production of the report are described but not the contents of the report which is still being considered by the new Board.

Credibility judgments in web page design – a brief review

PubMed Central

Selejan, O; Muresanu, DF; Popa, L; Muresanu-Oloeriu, I; Iudean, D; Buzoianu, A; Suciu, S

2016-01-01

Today, more than ever, knowledge that interfaces appearance analysis is a crucial point in human-computer interaction field has been accepted. As nowadays virtually anyone can publish information on the web, the credibility role has grown increasingly important in relation to the web-based content. Areas like trust, credibility, and behavior, doubled by overall impression and user expectation are today in the spotlight of research compared to the last period, when other pragmatic areas such as usability and utility were considered. Credibility has been discussed as a theoretical construct in the field of communication in the past decades and revealed that people tend to evaluate the credibility of communication primarily by the communicator’s expertise. Other factors involved in the content communication process are trustworthiness and dynamism as well as various other criteria but to a lower extent. In this brief review, factors like web page aesthetics, browsing experiences and user experience are considered. PMID:27453738

Social media basics for orthodontists.

PubMed

Jorgensen, Greg

2012-04-01

One of the most common buzz words in today's online world is "social media." This article defines social media, explains why it is important to practicing orthodontists, and provides information about how doctors can incorporate it into their practices. Five of the most useful social media tools are described in detail, outlining the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and risks inherent in each. Copyright © 2012 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

A Review of the Literature on the Social and Environmental Factors Which Influence Children (Aged 3-5 Years) to Be Obese/Overweight and the Accuracy of Parental Perceptions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McMullan, Julie; Keeney, Sinead

2014-01-01

Objective: This article aims to review the previously published literature on the social and environmental factors which influence children (aged 3-5 years) to be obese/overweight and the accuracy of parental perceptions. Obesity levels are on the increase in today's society and habits are being passed from parents to children, with family…

The changing epidemiology and demography of cystic fibrosis.

PubMed

Stephenson, Anne L; Stanojevic, Sanja; Sykes, Jenna; Burgel, Pierre-Regis

2017-06-01

Once considered a pediatric disease with a poor prognosis, individuals born with cystic fibrosis (CF) today can expect to live well into adulthood. The implementation of multidisciplinary care, novel treatments and newborn screening has resulted in the rapid evolution in the demographics of the CF population. The purpose of this review is to highlight the evolving epidemiology and demographics of the CF population internationally. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

[The long road for psychiatric care in prisons].

PubMed

Laurencin, Gérard

2016-01-01

From the 19th century to the present day, the history of psychiatry in prisons has evolved considerably. In parallel with successive laws, codes and articles, psychiatry has gained in structure. From the "medical prison", mental health consultations in every detention centre, the regional medico-psychological services, to today's specially equipped hospital units (UHSA), prisoners receive both preventive care as well as curative treatment. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

From the Laboratory to the Field: Updating Capacity Building in Medical Entomology.

PubMed

Almeida, Antonio Paulo Gouveia; Fouque, Florence; Launois, Pascal; Sousa, Carla A; Silveira, Henrique

2017-09-01

Training and innovation in the field of medical entomology are essential to mitigate the burden of vector-borne diseases globally. However, there is a shortage of medical entomologists worldwide, and there are large discrepancies in capacity building in this field. In this article, we discuss the current situation, what is needed from the medical entomologist of today, and how we can bridge this gap. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Near East/South Asia Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-02

say regarding this man and his escape from Tunisia under illegal and obscure circumstances. We have not yet requested his extradition from France; we...QADISIYAH published here today, Oil Ministry Under Secretary ’Isam ’Abd al-rahim al-jalabi said that the new oilfields will contribute to increasing...periodic poll conducted at the beginning of January by the Modi’in Ezrahi Research Insti- tute under the direction of Dr Mikha Hop. Even though the

Bermuda 2.0: reflections from Santa Cruz.

PubMed

Reardon, Jenny; Ankeny, Rachel A; Bangham, Jenny; W Darling, Katherine; Hilgartner, Stephen; Jones, Kathryn Maxson; Shapiro, Beth; Stevens, Hallam

2016-12-01

In February 1996, the genome community met in Bermuda to formulate principles for circulating genomic data. Although it is now 20 years since the Bermuda Principles were formulated, they continue to play a central role in shaping genomic and data-sharing practices. However, since 1996, "openness" has become an increasingly complex issue. This commentary seeks to articulate three core challenges data-sharing faces today. © The Authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

Work assignments, delegation of tasks and job satisfaction among Danish dental hygienists.

PubMed

Hach, M; Aaberg, K B; Lempert, S M; Danielsen, B

2017-08-01

Recent legislation in Denmark has made it possible for dentists to delegate their tasks to dental hygienists. Previous studies have shown that Danish dental hygienists primarily were performing assignments within their own work field. These assignments include prophylaxis or instructing patients in oral health care. However, studies have also shown that Danish dental hygienists performed dental nurse assignments such as chair-side assistance, unit cleaning and disinfection of instruments. The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the range of work assignments performed by Danish dental hygienists, (ii) the types of dentist tasks performed by Danish dental hygienists and (iii) job satisfaction among Danish dental hygienists. Dental hygienists graduating in 2004-2007 were invited to participate in this study. Participants answered an email-distributed questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of questions regarding job satisfaction, assignments performed, postgraduate course attendance, receiving assistance from a dental nurse and which work assignments Danish dental hygienists wish to perform in the future. The results of this study showed that 90% of Danish dental hygienists were satisfied with their job and 52% were performing dentists' tasks. Among dentists' tasks performed by Danish dental hygienists, invasive caries therapy was the most frequently performed task. The type of assignments performed by Danish dental hygienists today appears to be changing compared to previous studies. From initially performing prophylaxis and chair-side assistance for the dentist, Danish dental hygienists today are performing a wider range of tasks which includes dentists' tasks. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

CINAHL: an exploratory analysis of the current status of nursing theory construction as reflected by the electronic domain.

PubMed

Riddlesperger, K L; Beard, M; Flowers, D L; Hisley, S M; Pfeifer, K A; Stiller, J J

1996-09-01

Since the 1980s the electronic domain has become the primary method for academic and professional communication of research and information. Papers relating to theory construction in nursing are a frequently occurring phenomenon within the electronic domain. Theory construction provides the underpinning for the advancement of professional nursing, facilitating the conceptualization of nursing actions leading to theory-based practice and research. The purpose of this study was to address the research question, 'What are the similarities and differences among theory construction papers that are accessible electronically in nursing literature today?' The Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) was accessed to obtain a listing of papers from which an overall description of the type of theory construction papers being published in the nursing literature today could be determined. A literature search was conducted using the description 'theory construction'. Papers were limited to publication years from 1990 onwards. A total of 125 papers were obtained and read by one of the six authors. Using grounded theory, categories emerged by identification of similarities and differences among the papers. The findings are discussed here along with suggestions for further study. A second purpose of this paper was to present both traditional and non-traditional methods of tapping into the electronic domain when searching for assistance with theory construction.

The SWENOTECA group: A good example of continuous binational and multidisciplinary collaboration for patients with testicular cancer in Sweden and Norway.

PubMed

Tandstad, Torgrim; Ståhl, Olof; Håkansson, Ulf; Wahlqvist, Rolf; Klepp, Olbjørn; Cavallin-Ståhl, Eva; Cohn-Cedermark, Gabriella

2016-01-01

The aim of this article is to present the Swedish and Norwegian Testicular Cancer Group (SWENOTECA), with an emphasis on the history of SWENOTECA, organization, results and current status. SWENOTECA was founded in 1981 as a binational organization open to hospitals in Sweden and Norway treating testicular cancer. It has since published treatment protocols for testicular cancer and prospectively registered patients with testicular cancer. Today, all hospitals in Norway and Sweden involved in the care of testicular cancer participate in SWENOTECA, and all patients with testicular cancer are prospectively registered in a population-based database. Nine protocols with standardized guidelines on the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of testicular cancer have been published. In addition to the guidelines, several studies have been performed or initiated within the scope of SWENOTECA. The details are presented in this article. SWENOTECA has been a very fruitful binational collaboration and has thoughtfully evolved over time. The group's continuous work and dedication have provided an example for other national and international cancer networks. The binational implementation of standardized guidelines has resulted in excellent patient outcomes, regardless of place of residence. Although testicular cancer is a relatively rare disease, the population-based binational organization of SWENOTECA has made it possible to publish some of the largest studies in the field of testicular cancer.

A short history of research on immunity to infectious diseases in fish.

PubMed

Van Muiswinkel, Willem B; Nakao, Miki

2014-04-01

This review describes the history of research on immunity to infectious diseases of fish in the period between 1965 and today. Special attention is paid to those studies, which are dealing with the interaction between immune system and invading pathogens in bony fish. Moreover, additional biographic information will be provided of people involved. In the 1960s and 1970s the focus of most studies was on humoral (Ig, B-cell) responses. Thorough studies on specific cellular (T-cell) responses and innate immunity (lectins, lysozyme, interferon, phagocytic cells) became available later. In the period between 1980 and today an overwhelming amount of data on regulation (e.g. cell cooperation, cytokines) and cell surface receptors (e.g. T-cell receptor; MHC) was published. It became also clear, that innate responses were often interacting with the acquired immune responses. Fish turned out to be vertebrates like all others with a sophisticated immune system showing specificity and memory. These basic data on the immune system could be applied in vaccination or in selection of disease resistant fish. Successful vaccines against bacterial diseases became available in the 1970s and 1980s. Effective anti-viral vaccines appeared from the 1980s onwards. There is no doubt, that Fish Immunology has become a flourishing science by the end of the 20th century and has contributed to our understanding of fish diseases as well as the success of aquaculture. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

New threats to health data privacy.

PubMed

Li, Fengjun; Zou, Xukai; Liu, Peng; Chen, Jake Y

2011-11-24

Along with the rapid digitalization of health data (e.g. Electronic Health Records), there is an increasing concern on maintaining data privacy while garnering the benefits, especially when the data are required to be published for secondary use. Most of the current research on protecting health data privacy is centered around data de-identification and data anonymization, which removes the identifiable information from the published health data to prevent an adversary from reasoning about the privacy of the patients. However, published health data is not the only source that the adversaries can count on: with a large amount of information that people voluntarily share on the Web, sophisticated attacks that join disparate information pieces from multiple sources against health data privacy become practical. Limited efforts have been devoted to studying these attacks yet. We study how patient privacy could be compromised with the help of today's information technologies. In particular, we show that private healthcare information could be collected by aggregating and associating disparate pieces of information from multiple online data sources including online social networks, public records and search engine results. We demonstrate a real-world case study to show user identity and privacy are highly vulnerable to the attribution, inference and aggregation attacks. We also show that people are highly identifiable to adversaries even with inaccurate information pieces about the target, with real data analysis. We claim that too much information has been made available electronic and available online that people are very vulnerable without effective privacy protection.

Long-term health and medical cost impact of smoking prevention in adolescence.

PubMed

Wang, Li Yan; Michael, Shannon L

2015-02-01

To estimate smoking progression probabilities from adolescence to young adulthood and to estimate long-term health and medical cost impacts of preventing smoking in today's adolescents. Using data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health), we first estimated smoking progression probabilities from adolescence to young adulthood. Then, using the predicted probabilities, we estimated the number of adolescents who were prevented from becoming adult daily smokers as a result of a hypothetical 1 percentage point reduction in the prevalence of ever smoking in today's adolescents. We further estimated lifetime medical costs saved and quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained as a result of preventing adolescents from becoming adult daily smokers. All costs were in 2010 dollars. Compared with never smokers, those who had tried smoking at baseline had higher probabilities of becoming current or former daily smokers at follow-up regardless of baseline grade or sex. A hypothetical 1 percentage point reduction in the prevalence of ever smoking in 24.5 million students in 7th-12th grades today could prevent 35,962 individuals from becoming a former daily smoker and 44,318 individuals from becoming a current daily smoker at ages 24-32 years. As a result, lifetime medical care costs are estimated to decrease by $1.2 billion and lifetime QALYs is estimated to increase by 98,590. Effective smoking prevention programs for adolescents go beyond reducing smoking prevalence in adolescence; they also reduce daily smokers in young adulthood, increase QALYs, and reduce medical costs substantially in later life. This finding indicates the importance of continued investment in effective youth smoking prevention programs. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Comparison of the Lund and Browder table to computed tomography scan three-dimensional surface area measurement for a pediatric cohort.

PubMed

Rumpf, R Wolfgang; Stewart, William C L; Martinez, Stephen K; Gerrard, Chandra Y; Adolphi, Natalie L; Thakkar, Rajan; Coleman, Alan; Rajab, Adrian; Ray, William C; Fabia, Renata

2018-01-01

Treating burns effectively requires accurately assessing the percentage of the total body surface area (%TBSA) affected by burns. Current methods for estimating %TBSA, such as Lund and Browder (L&B) tables, rely on historic body statistics. An increasingly obese population has been blamed for increasing errors in %TBSA estimates. However, this assumption has not been experimentally validated. We hypothesized that errors in %TBSA estimates using L&B were due to differences in the physical proportions of today's children compared with children in the early 1940s when the chart was developed and that these differences would appear as body mass index (BMI)-associated systematic errors in the L&B values versus actual body surface areas. We measured the TBSA of human pediatric cadavers using computed tomography scans. Subjects ranged from 9 mo to 15 y in age. We chose outliers of the BMI distribution (from the 31st percentile at the low through the 99th percentile at the high). We examined surface area proportions corresponding to L&B regions. Measured regional proportions based on computed tomography scans were in reasonable agreement with L&B, even with subjects in the tails of the BMI range. The largest deviation was 3.4%, significantly less than the error seen in real-world %TBSA estimates. While today's population is more obese than those studied by L&B, their body region proportions scale surprisingly well. The primary error in %TBSA estimation is not due to changing physical proportions of today's children and may instead lie in the application of the L&B table. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A subperiosteal maxillary implant causing severe osteolysis.

PubMed

Maï, Nguyen Tan; Jean-Baptiste, Caruhel; Hossein, Khonsari Roman

2018-06-22

Subperiosteal implant denture therapy was initially introduced in 1942 in Sweden and was then used worldwide for the treatment of fully edentulous maxillary or mandibular arches with advanced bone atrophy. Most authors describe decent success rates for mandibular subperiosteal implants in cases with major bone atrophy but follow-up studies for maxillary subperiosteal implants are not available. Here, we report a case of severe maxillary osteolysis secondary to the placement of a subperiosteal in-house implant. Subperiosteal implants are rarely used today but patients still carrying these devices with severe complications can be challenging to manage. New technical advances, including the use of surgical planification and additive manufacturing, may lead to a new interest in subperiosteal implants. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

[Evolution of the diet from the paleolithic to today: progress or regress?].

PubMed

Chauveau, Philippe; Fouque, Denis; Combe, Christian; Aparicio, Michel

2013-07-01

The changes in eating habits and decreased physical activity have been responsible for part of the high prevalence of chronic diseases such as hypertension or diabetes, currently observed in the so-called civilized societies. These diseases are less prevalent in previous civilizations and several decades of nutrition research have enabled better understanding of the eating habits of our ancestors, and have demonstrated the value of diet called "Mediterranean or Paleolithic". This review provides an update on the latest research. What dietary changes since the Paleolithic period, and finally how can we adapt our current diet? Several animal studies or human clinical demonstrate the value of historical research and nutrition. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier SAS.

Compendium of meteorology scientific issues of 1950 still outstanding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaughan, W. W.

1986-01-01

The Compendium of Meteorology was published in 1951 by the American Meteorological Society. A review was made of the Compendium of Meteorology to identify the studies and future needs which the authors expressed in their papers. The needs as seen by the authors are organized into sections and papers following the format of the Compendium of Meteorology. In some cases the needs they identified are as valid today as they were in 1951. In other cases one will easily be able to identify examples where significant progress has been made. It is left to the individual scientists and scientific program managers to assess whether significant progress has been made over the past thirty-five years on these outstanding scientific issues.

Translations on Near East and North Africa, Number 1865, ’ABD-Al-Nasir’s Secret Papers’

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-14

Shuqayri (PLO), Abdelaziz Bouteflika (Algerian minister of foreign affairs on behalf of President Houari Boumediene), Ahmed Benhima (Moroccan prime...Naturally, we are continuing the political dialog with them through Ashraf Ghurbal (publisher’s note: Ashraf Ghurbal was head of the Egyptian Affairs...himself with. He said: The American position of partiality to Israel has not changed. Today, the Americans presented a new proposal to Ashraf

Islam’s First Arrow: The Battle of Badr as a Decisive Battle in Islamic History and Its Significance Today

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

editor, Pioneers of Islamic Revival (New York: Zed Books, 1994), William E. Shepard , Sayyid Qutb and Islamic Activism: A Translation and Critical...Publishers, 2005), and Luke Loboda, The Thought of Sayyid Qutb, Unpublished Thesis, (Ashland: Ashland University, 2004). 30 Shepard , Sayyid Qutb and...Quoted in Shepard , lxi. All further citations from Social Justice in Islam will be from Shepard . adherent, Muhammad.”36 He further drives home

PIALA 2004: Maron In Read Im Jeje Ej Ad Kojatdikdik, Library Ko Rej Jikin Kakurmool Kojatdikdik In Im Jolet Eo Ad Ej Bwinnid--Literacy Our Hope, Libraries Our Scope and Heritage Our Property (14th, Majuro Atoll, Marshall Islands, November 16-19, 2004) and PIALA 2005: Kasrpacsr Misenge Ac Etwack Lutu--Resources Today and Learning Tomorrow (15th, Tofol, Kosrae, Federated States of Micronesia, November 8-10, 2005). Selected Papers from the Pacific Islands Association of Libraries and Archives Annual Conferences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Arlene, Ed.

2006-01-01

This publication follows the tradition of publishing selected papers from PIALA annual conferences, however, for the first time, two PIALA conferences (PIALA 2004 and PIALA 2005) are published in one volume, containing papers from both events. Both conferences featured papers by local Micronesian and Pacific Islands experts, as well as presenters…

Earth's magnetic field is probably not reversing.

PubMed

Brown, Maxwell; Korte, Monika; Holme, Richard; Wardinski, Ingo; Gunnarson, Sydney

2018-05-15

The geomagnetic field has been decaying at a rate of ∼5% per century from at least 1840, with indirect observations suggesting a decay since 1600 or even earlier. This has led to the assertion that the geomagnetic field may be undergoing a reversal or an excursion. We have derived a model of the geomagnetic field spanning 30-50 ka, constructed to study the behavior of the two most recent excursions: the Laschamp and Mono Lake, centered at 41 and 34 ka, respectively. Here, we show that neither excursion demonstrates field evolution similar to current changes in the geomagnetic field. At earlier times, centered at 49 and 46 ka, the field is comparable to today's field, with an intensity structure similar to today's South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA); however, neither of these SAA-like fields develop into an excursion or reversal. This suggests that the current weakened field will also recover without an extreme event such as an excursion or reversal. The SAA-like field structure at 46 ka appears to be coeval with published increases in geomagnetically modulated beryllium and chlorine nuclide production, despite the global dipole field not weakening significantly in our model during this time. This agreement suggests a greater complexity in the relationship between cosmogenic nuclide production and the geomagnetic field than is commonly assumed.

[Poliomyelitis in Landsteiner's time and today].

PubMed

Schwick, H G

1991-01-01

At a meeting of the Royal and Imperial Association of Physicians in Vienna on December 18, 1908 Dr. Karl Landsteiner reported on the successful experimental transmission of poliomyelitis from man to ape in a study which he undertook together with Erwin Popper. In a scientific article that was published shortly after the meeting, Landsteiner wrote that "the poliomyelitis virus belongs to the group of filterable micro-organisms". Soon, Landsteiner's results were confirmed by other colleagues. During a congress in Washington 1912 Landsteiner declared that the development of a vaccine against poliomyelitis might prove difficult but was certainly possible in his opinion. It took another 45 years before the first polio vaccine was available (1955 Salk) and another 5 years until the oral vaccine (1960 Sabin) was implemented. The incidence of poliomyelitis decreased dramatically in industrial countries as a result of vaccination. Today, poliomyelitis is still an enormous threat in developing countries. Together with many national and international institutions the WHO fights this situation very hard by means of vaccination campaigns. The incidence of side effects and insufficient reactions is small with both vaccines. New techniques in the field of molecular biology and a good knowledge of the poliovirus make it likely that further improvements on the vaccines which are currently available will take place.

Is grey literature essential for a better control of publication bias in psychiatry? An example from three meta-analyses of schizophrenia.

PubMed

Martin, José Luis R; Pérez, Víctor; Sacristán, Montse; Alvarez, Enric

2005-12-01

Systematic reviews in mental health have become useful tools for health professionals in view of the massive amount and heterogeneous nature of biomedical information available today. In order to determine the risk of bias in the studies evaluated and to avoid bias in generalizing conclusions from the reviews it is therefore important to use a very strict methodology in systematic reviews. One bias which may affect the generalization of results is publication bias, which is determined by the nature and direction of the study results. To control or minimize this type of bias, the authors of systematic reviews undertake comprehensive searches of medical databases and expand on the findings, often undertaking searches of grey literature (material which is not formally published). This paper attempts to show the consequences (and risk) of generalizing the implications of grey literature in the control of publication bias, as was proposed in a recent systematic work. By repeating the analyses for the same outcome from three different systematic reviews that included both published and grey literature our results showed that confusion between grey literature and publication bias may affect the results of a concrete meta-analysis.

A pilot study of nursing student's perceptions of academic dishonesty: a generation Y perspective.

PubMed

Arhin, Afua O

2009-01-01

As a result of the proliferation of technology, academic dishonesty in colleges and universities is becoming a major global problem of higher education. Unfortunately, it is documented in published research that today's student appears to normalize academic dishonest behaviors. This paper reports on a pilot study that tested an instrument that explored the perceptions of cheating in undergraduate nursing students. The instrument explored scenarios that represented dishonest behaviors in examination situations; dishonest behaviors relevant to classroom assignments; and scenarios that represented dishonest behaviors towards practical laboratory experiences. The participants in this study were quite clear on the definition of academic dishonesty in examination situations but had difficulty identifying academic dishonest behaviors during classroom and laboratory assignments. This paper further discusses these findings from the unique point of view of the characteristics of Generation Yers and the resulting implications for successful strategies that may curtail academic dishonesty.

e-Learning in Surgical Education: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Jayakumar, Nithish; Brunckhorst, Oliver; Dasgupta, Prokar; Khan, Muhammad Shamim; Ahmed, Kamran

2015-01-01

e-Learning involves the delivery of educational content through web-based methods. Owing to work-hour restrictions and changing practice patterns in surgery, e-learning can offer an effective alternative to traditional teaching. Our aims were to (1) identify current modalities of e-learning, (2) assess the efficacy of e-learning as an intervention in surgical education through a systematic review of the literature, and (3) discuss the relevance of e-learning as an educational tool in surgical education. This is the first such systematic review in this field. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was conducted for relevant articles published until July 2014, using a predefined search strategy. The database search was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. A total of 38 articles were found which met the inclusion criteria. In these studies, e-learning was used as an intervention in 3 different ways: (1) to teach cases through virtual patients (18/38); (2) to teach theoretical knowledge through online tutorials, or other means (18/38); and (3) to teach surgical skills (2/38). Nearly all of the studies reviewed report significant knowledge gain from e-learning; however, 2 in 3 studies did not use a control group. e-Learning has emerged as an effective mode of teaching with particular relevance for surgical education today. Published studies have demonstrated the efficacy of this method; however, future work must involve well-designed randomized controlled trials comparing e-learning against standard teaching. Copyright © 2015 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Real-Life Case Studies for Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, William

Case studies described in this book reflect conditions present in today's public schools. Situations described in these case studies are intended to introduce education students to the variety of problems existing in today's schools. The 38 case studies highlight: student cheating; teacher's observation by administrator; inclusion; contract…

The Corvids Literature Database--500 years of ornithological research from a crow's perspective.

PubMed

Droege, Gabriele; Töpfer, Till

2016-01-01

Corvids (Corvidae) play a major role in ornithological research. Because of their worldwide distribution, diversity and adaptiveness, they have been studied extensively. The aim of the Corvids Literature Database (CLD, http://www.corvids.de/cld) is to record all publications (citation format) on all extant and extinct Crows, Ravens, Jays and Magpies worldwide and tag them with specific keywords making them available for researchers worldwide. The self-maintained project started in 2006 and today comprises 8000 articles, spanning almost 500 years. The CLD covers publications from 164 countries, written in 36 languages and published by 8026 authors in 1503 journals (plus books, theses and other publications). Forty-nine percent of all records are available online as full-text documents or deposited in the physical CLD archive. The CLD contains 442 original corvid descriptions. Here, we present a metadata assessment of articles recorded in the CLD including a gap analysis and prospects for future research. Database URL: http://www.corvids.de/cld. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

Implementation of health risk assessments with family health history: barriers and benefits.

PubMed

Wu, R Ryanne; Orlando, Lori A

2015-09-01

Health risk assessments provide an opportunity to emphasise health promotion and disease prevention for individuals and populations at large. A key component of health risk assessments is the detailed collection of family health history information. This information is helpful in determining risk both for common chronic conditions and more rare diseases as well. While the concept of health risk assessments has been around since the Framingham Heart Study was launched in the 1950s, and such assessments are commonly performed in the workplace today, the US healthcare system has been slow to embrace them and the emphasis on prevention that they represent. Before wider implementation of health risk assessments within healthcare can be seen, several concerns must be addressed: (1) provider impact, (2) patient impact, (3) validity of patient-entered data and (4) health outcomes effect. Here, we describe recent developments in health risk assessment design that are helping to address these issues. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Lab-to-Lab Cooperative Threat Reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hecker, Siegfried S.

2017-11-01

It is difficult to imagine today how dramatically global nuclear risks changed 25 years ago as the Soviet Union disintegrated. Instead of the threat of mutual nuclear annihilation, the world became concerned that Russia and the other 14 former Soviet states would lose control of their huge nuclear assets - tens of thousands of nuclear weapons, more than a million kilograms of fissile materials, hundreds of thousands of nuclear workers, and a huge nuclear complex. I will describe how scientists and engineers at the DOE laboratories, with a focus on Los Alamos, Lawrence Livermore and Sandia national laboratories, joined forces with those at the Russian nuclear weapon institutes for more than 20 years to avoid what looked like the perfect nuclear storm - a story told in the two-volume book Doomed to Cooperate1 published in 2016. Due to an internal processing error, an incorrect version of this article was published on 15 November 2017 that omitted the footnotes. AIP Publishing apologizes for this error. An updated version of this article, including the missing footnotes, was published on 21 November 2017.

PUBLISHING SOUTH AFRICAN SCHOLARSHIP IN THE GLOBAL ACADEMIC COMMUNITY.

PubMed

Le Roux, Elizabeth

2015-09-20

South Africa's academic publishing history has been profoundly influenced by its colonial heritage. This is reflected in the publication of Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society (later, the Royal Society of South Africa) from 1878. Although the Society and journal sought to promote original research about South Africa, it was modelled after the Royal Society in London and formed part of an imperial scientific community. As the local higher education institutions grew more independent and research-focused, local scholarly publishing developed as well, with university presses playing an increasingly important role. The University of South Africa (Unisa) Press started publishing departmental journals in the 1950s, with a focus on journals that 'speak to the student', and it is today the only South African university press with an active journals publishing programme. As external funding declined and the country became intellectually isolated in the high apartheid period, the Press managed to attract journals that could no longer be subsidized by learned societies and other universities. More recently, new co-publishing arrangements have brought South African journals back into an international intellectual community. Although some argue that this constitutes a re-colonization of South African knowledge production, it is also an innovative strategy for positioning local research in a global context.

Publishing South African scholarship in the global academic community

PubMed Central

le Roux, Elizabeth

2015-01-01

South Africa's academic publishing history has been profoundly influenced by its colonial heritage. This is reflected in the publication of Transactions of the South African Philosophical Society (later, the Royal Society of South Africa) from 1878. Although the Society and journal sought to promote original research about South Africa, it was modelled after the Royal Society in London and formed part of an imperial scientific community. As the local higher education institutions grew more independent and research-focused, local scholarly publishing developed as well, with university presses playing an increasingly important role. The University of South Africa (Unisa) Press started publishing departmental journals in the 1950s, with a focus on journals that ‘speak to the student’, and it is today the only South African university press with an active journals publishing programme. As external funding declined and the country became intellectually isolated in the high apartheid period, the Press managed to attract journals that could no longer be subsidized by learned societies and other universities. More recently, new co-publishing arrangements have brought South African journals back into an international intellectual community. Although some argue that this constitutes a re-colonization of South African knowledge production, it is also an innovative strategy for positioning local research in a global context. PMID:26495579

Chronology of KSC and KSC related events for 1983

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nail, K., Jr. (Compiler)

1984-01-01

Materials for this chronology were selected from Aviation Week and Space Technology, Defense Daily, Miami Herald, Sentinel Star (Orlando), Today (Cocoa), Spaceport News (KSC), NASA News Releases, and other sources. The document is intended to serve as a record of KSC events and as a reference source for historians and other researchers. Arrangement is by month; items are by date of the published sources. Actual date of the event may be indicated in parenthesis, when the article itself does not make that information explicit.

Liquid-Phase Circulation and Mixing in Multicomponent Droplets Vaporizing in a Laminar Convective Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-15

included an f/2.8 dual port long-distance microscope coupled to a black d•rl white CCD video camera. A long-pass filter (with a cut-off at 530 nm) was...evaporation rates of multicomponent droplets is needed for the calibration of exciplex -based vapor/liquid visualization techniques that are employed today in...Publishing Co., Houston. Texas. Hanlon. T. R.. and Melton. L. A. (1992). Exciplex fluorescence thermometry of falling hexadecane droplets. Journal of Heat

Research for Future Training Modeling and Simulation Strategies

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

it developed an “ecosystem” for the content industry—first for iTunes and now in the iPad for publishers and gamers. The iTunes Store that Apple...launched in 2003 provides an excellent analogy to training users. Initially, users could purchase 200,000 iTunes items. Today, the store has over...its iPod and iTune Store has fundamentally changed the music industry and the way the end users expect to buy things. iPod owners used to buy albums

[Obstetrical care in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (Steinert disease)].

PubMed

Jah, H; Schalinksi, E; Fischer, J; Maier, J T; Schunck, K U; Hellmeyer, L

2015-08-01

In 1909 the neurologist Dr. Hans Steinert was the first to describe the most common of all neural-muscular diseases: Mytotonic Dystrophy Curschmann Steinert. Up to today this disease is seldom published particularly in obstetrics. This is a case report of a 23-year-old patient. Following extensive interdisciplinary diagnostic a successful caesarian delivery of a healthy boy was performed in the 39(th) week of pregnancy without any complications. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Out of the healthcare crisis.

PubMed

Siriwardena, A Niroshan

2011-01-01

W Edwards Deming's Out of the Crisis, was first published almost three decades ago.(1) It was a bestseller and remains a classic text written by one of the foremost quality improvement experts of the 20th century. It is a book which certainly warrants re-examination in light of today's challenges for health care. This discussion paper reviews what Deming can teach us about causes of failure in management, including health care, what can be done to remedy them and how to avert problems in future.

U.S. Navy/U.S. Marine Corps Command and Control in the 21st Century

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

proceeding toward C41 for the Warrior? The simple answer is Copernicus . Nicholas Copernicus was a famous Polish intellectual who, in 1543, published The...not the earth, was the center of the solar system. Pre-Copernican astronomy could not figure the paths of the planets because they thought the Earth...was the center of the solar system. Copernicus ’ brilliant conclusion was to look for a simple answer, a different perspective. Today the Navy is

A possible first use of the word astrobiology?

PubMed

Briot, Danielle

2012-12-01

The word astrobiology was possibly first used in 1935, in an article published in a French popular science magazine. The author was Ary J. Sternfeld (1905-1980), a pioneer of astronautics who wrote numerous scientific books and papers. The article is remarkable because his portrayal of the concept is very similar to the way it is used today. Here I review the 1935 article and provide a brief history of Sternfeld's life, which was heavily influenced by the tragic events of 20(th) century history.

Note from the Publishers. Pyroelectric behavior and dielectric properties of linear copolysiloxane/eicosylamine superlattice by A.R.M. Yusoff and W.H. Abd. Majid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Publishers, The; Majid, W. H. Abd.

2006-08-01

In spite of the precautions taken to check the originality of the articles, it happens, unfortunately that our scientific colleagues' vigilance is sometimes caught up unprepared. Today, it has come to our attention that the following article results from a plagiarism. We apologize to the authors who suffered from it. You will find hereafter a note written by Dr Majid which summarizes the situation.

[Digital marketing: what place does it have in blood donation?].

PubMed

Guedj, A

2013-05-01

Blood transfusion arose from the actions of medical doctors and has to answer to the increasing evolution of the blood product. To answer this vital need, marketing intervenes with the implementation of strategy and a multi-channel campaign. The emergence, acquisition and evolution of new information technologies in today's society require that marketing and communication professionals use of digital marketing in their relational initiatives and the promotion of the gift of life. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier SAS.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bartels, Ludwig; Ernst, Karl-Heinz; Gao, Hong-Jun

Supramolecular self-assembly at surfaces is one of the most exciting and active fields in Surface Science today. Applications can take advantage of two key properties: (i) versatile pattern formation over a broad length scale and (ii) tunability of electronic structure and transport properties, as well as frontier orbital alignment. It provides a new frontier for Chemical Physics as it uniquely combines the versatility of Organic Synthesis and the Physics of Interfaces. The Journal of Chemical Physics is pleased to publish this Special Topic Issue, showcasing recent advances and new directions.

From Autotransplantation to Allotransplantation: A Perspective on the Future of Reconstructive Microsurgery.

PubMed

Levin, L Scott

2018-04-28

It has been half a century since Susumu Tamai reported on the first thumb replantation. The evolution of reconstructive microsurgery has continually added new applications of the operating microscope for reconstructive surgery and has had profound impact on countless patients. From the time of Harold Gillies until today, the reconstructive ladder has evolved to a reconstructive elevator with the "penthouse" floor being represented by vascularized composite allotransplantation. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Seventy Years of the Journal “Medical Archives”

PubMed Central

Masic, Izet

2016-01-01

This year journal “Medical Archives” celebrates 70th anniversary of its continuing publication. Medical Archives is oldest biomedical journal in Bosnia and Herzegovina and one of the oldest medical journals in Europe, established in the year 1947, as official scientific and professional journal of Association of Physicians of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Until present Medical Archives has published over 5000 articles. Today Medical Archives is internationally recognized medical peer-reviewed indexed journal, visible in more than 30 international on-line databases. PMID:26980925

77 FR 37237 - Delegations of Authority for the Office of Housing-Federal Housing Administration (FHA...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-20

...On September 15, 2006, the Assistant Secretary for Housing-- Federal Housing Commissioner and the General Deputy Assistant Secretary for Housing--Deputy Federal Housing Commissioner issued a comprehensive redelegation of authority to the Deputy Assistant Secretary for the Office of Finance and Budget. This redelegation of authority was published on October 12, 2006. Today's notice, with minor edits, updates and republishes in its entirety the redelegation of authority to Office of Finance and Budget.

The History of Hiatal Hernia Surgery

PubMed Central

Stylopoulos, Nicholas; Rattner, David W.

2005-01-01

Objective: This review addresses the historical evolution of hiatal hernia (HH) repair and reports in a chronological fashion the major milestones in HH surgery before the laparoscopic era. Methods: The medical literature and the collections of the History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine were searched. Secondary references from all sources were studied. The senior author's experience and personal communications are also reported. Results: The first report of HH was published in 1853 by Bowditch. Rokitansky in 1855 demonstrated that esophagitis was due to gastroesophageal reflux, and Hirsch in 1900 diagnosed an HH using x-rays. Eppinger diagnosed an HH in a live patient, and Friedenwald and Feldman related the symptoms to the presence of an HH. In 1926, Akerlund proposed the term hiatus hernia and classified HH into the 3 types that we use today. The first elective surgical repair was reported in 1919 by Soresi. The physiologic link between HH and gastroesophageal reflux was made at the second half of the 20th century by Allison and Barrett. In the midst of a physiologic revolution, Nissen and Belsey developed their famous operations. In 1957, Collis published his innovative operation. Thal described his technique in 1965, and in 1967, Hill published his procedure. Many modifications of these procedures were published by Pearson and Henderson, Orringer and Sloan, Rossetti, Dor, and Toupet. Donahue and Demeester significantly improved Nissen's operation, and they were the first to truly understand its physiologic mechanism. Conclusion: Hiatal hernia surgery has evolved from anatomic repair to physiological restoration. PMID:15622007

The history of hiatal hernia surgery: from Bowditch to laparoscopy.

PubMed

Stylopoulos, Nicholas; Rattner, David W

2005-01-01

This review addresses the historical evolution of hiatal hernia (HH) repair and reports in a chronological fashion the major milestones in HH surgery before the laparoscopic era. The medical literature and the collections of the History of Medicine Division of the National Library of Medicine were searched. Secondary references from all sources were studied. The senior author's experience and personal communications are also reported. The first report of HH was published in 1853 by Bowditch. Rokitansky in 1855 demonstrated that esophagitis was due to gastroesophageal reflux, and Hirsch in 1900 diagnosed an HH using x-rays. Eppinger diagnosed an HH in a live patient, and Friedenwald and Feldman related the symptoms to the presence of an HH. In 1926, Akerlund proposed the term hiatus hernia and classified HH into the 3 types that we use today. The first elective surgical repair was reported in 1919 by Soresi. The physiologic link between HH and gastroesophageal reflux was made at the second half of the 20 century by Allison and Barrett. In the midst of a physiologic revolution, Nissen and Belsey developed their famous operations. In 1957, Collis published his innovative operation. Thal described his technique in 1965, and in 1967, Hill published his procedure. Many modifications of these procedures were published by Pearson and Henderson, Orringer and Sloan, Rossetti, Dor, and Toupet. Donahue and Demeester significantly improved Nissen's operation, and they were the first to truly understand its physiologic mechanism. Hiatal hernia surgery has evolved from anatomic repair to physiological restoration.

Study Abroad Programs: A Mirror for Adult Learning and Perspective Transformation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanders, Kathryn Ann; Morgan, Marilon

Today, a person can find a variety of travel and study programs as diverse as that person's imagination and pocketbook. This paper considers today's study abroad programs in developing countries, particularly study abroad in Africa. The paper discusses the educational value of study abroad in Africa. It focuses on perspective transformation, that…

The advantages and disadvantages of using high technology in hand rehabilitation.

PubMed

Levanon, Yafi

2013-01-01

A brief review of the history of occupational therapy shows that the relationship between health and activity was of great concern to the founders of the Occupational Therapy (OT) field, and continues to be of concern to today's occupational therapists. Today, computers and Virtual Reality (VR) take the place of clay and the weaving loom. The goal of this article is to describe both known and innovative computerized equipment being used in interventions for hand rehabilitation and evaluations, as well as answer the question: 'what are the advantages and disadvantages of using technology in hand rehabilitation?' Our conclusion, based on clinical experience and supported by the literature, appears to emphasize that advanced technology can enrich treatment and help patients who are unable to visit the clinic regularly, to get appropriate treatment. However, advanced technology has not been found to be superior to traditional treatment and cannot replace the occupational therapist. Copyright © 2013 Hanley & Belfus. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9649 forensic web watch--DNA in forensic science.

PubMed

Bowyer, V L; Graham, E A M; Rutty, G N

2004-10-01

In 1923, within the Manual of Police technique, Edmond Locard published what is commonly known as the Doctrine of Exchange; a series of rules related to the exchange of trace evidence between the victim and offender. Although at the time of publication these rules principally applied to trace evidence related to print (for exchange finger print or shoeprint), fibre and blood, today one can add the very substance that defines each human being -- DNA. Since th first use of DNA evidence to help identify an offender in the Pitchfork Murders of 1986, the use of DNA within forensic science has developed from its humble days within a single experimental laboratory at the University of Leicester to a multi-million pound industry. It thus seams fitting that this forensic web watch should originate from the very University where the use of DNA in forensic science was conceived, drawing the readers attention to a number of sites which can be used as an introduction to the concept of the use of DNA in forensic science today.

Democratizing the world health organization.

PubMed

van de Pas, R; van Schaik, L G

2014-02-01

A progressive erosion of the democratic space appears as one of the emerging challenges in global health today. Such delimitation of the political interplay has a particularly evident impact on the unique public interest function of the World Health Organization (WHO). This paper aims to identify some obstacles for a truly democratic functioning of the UN specialized agency for health. The development of civil society's engagement with the WHO, including in the current reform proposals, is described. The paper also analyses how today's financing of the WHO--primarily through multi-bi financing mechanisms--risks to choke the agency's role in global health. Democratizing the public debate on global health, and therefore the role of the WHO, requires a debate on its future role and engagement at the country level. This desirable process can only be linked to national debates on public health, and the re-definition of health as a primary political and societal concern. Copyright © 2013 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

KARL FRIEDRICH ZOELLNER and the historical dimension of astronomical photometry A collection of papers on the History of Photometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sterken, C.; Staubermann, K. B.

This book results from presentations and discussions of a group of astronomers and historians during a one-day workshop held at Archenhold Observatory, Berlin-Treptow, on April 4, 1997. This meeting was the first forum in a series dedicated to historical aspects of observational astrophysics in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The basic principle of these meetings is to reflect during one or more days on the work and personality of a single individual or of a group of persons, at the same time avoiding the really dominant figures that typify the age. By focusing on key people who epitomize a way of thinking and working that has formed many of the ideas by which we do astrophysical research today, we also attempt to evoke the scientific spirit of the era under consideration. In 1858, the German physicist Karl Friedrich Zoellner introduced a new type of astronomical photometer which became a bestseller in the second half of the nineteenth century and which led him to the first German professorship in astrophysics. His type of photometer allowed most accurate photometric measurements and was used at several observatories for almost half a century. This book outlines four major themes. The first part describes the observing instruments that were used by Zoellner and his contemporaries: photometers and spectrographs that complemented his original design, but also competed with his most versatile prototype photometer. The description also includes an account of technical aspects associated with the replication of such a photometer today. The second part analyses the astrophysical data that were obtained with Zoellner's tools, and extracts information hidden in the published data --- scientific information as well as diverse aspects related to the observer himself. These nineteenth-century data are now published for the first time on a modern magnitude scale and are directly accessible in tabular form, and are thus fully applicable to archeophotometric studies. The third part of the book illustrates some aspects of Zoellner's personal life, his correspondence, and the relationship to his direct colleagues. It follows Zoellner during the last years of his life when he experienced severely strained relationships with the scientific establishment of his time. The last part reviews a number of scientific studies made on the most enigmatic personality that Zoellner certainly was, and also gives a bibliography of all works by Karl Friedrich Zoellner which were published during his lifetime or which appeared posthumously. Edited by C. STERKEN and K.B. STAUBERMANN Published by VUB UNIVERSITY PRESS, Waversesteenweg 1077, 1160 Brussels 2000 ISBN 90 5487 254 3

The Employment Equation: Why Our Young People Need More Maths for Today's Jobs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodgen, Jeremy; Marks, Rachel

2013-01-01

This report reviews over 50 research studies to consider the level and type of mathematical skills needed by employers in today's economy. It considers five key questions: (1) What mathematics (level and content) is required in the workplace today?; (2) How and why have the mathematical needs of the workplace changed over time?; (3) In what ways…

Discovering Randomness, Recovering Expertise: The Different Approaches to the Quality in Measurement of Coulomb and Gauss and of Today's Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinicke, Susanne; Heering, Peter

2013-01-01

The aim of this paper is to discuss different approaches to the quality (or uncertainty) of measurement data considering both historical examples and today's students' views. Today's teaching of data analysis is very much focussed on the application of statistical routines (often called the "Gaussian approach" to error analysis). Studies on…

Mathematical modeling of energy metabolism and hemodynamics of WHO grade II gliomas using in vivo MR data.

PubMed

Guillevin, Rémy; Menuel, Carole; Vallée, Jean-Noël; Françoise, Jean-Pierre; Capelle, Laurent; Habas, Christophe; De Marco, Giovanni; Chiras, Jacques; Costalat, Robert

2011-01-01

Therapeutic management of low-grade gliomas (LGG) is a challenge because they have undergone anaplastic transformation with variable delay. Today, only progressive volume growth on successive MRI allows an in vivo monitoring of this evolution. On the other hand, multinuclear spectroscopy and perfusion available during MRI may also provide assessment of metabolic changes underlying morphological modifications. To overcome this drawback, we developed a mathematical model of the metabolism and the hemodynamic of gliomas, based on a physiological model previously published, and including the MR parameters. This allows us to suggest that some specific profiles of metabolic and hemodynamic changes would be good indicators of potential anaplastic transformation. Copyright © 2010 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Arthroscopy Techniques: The Premier Arthroscopic Video Library.

PubMed

Leland, J Martin; Lubowitz, James H; Provencher, Matthew T

2016-12-01

Arthroscopy has always been focused on its roots-providing practical, clinically relevant information for the practicing arthroscopist. In the digital age, there is a need for publication platforms dedicated to multimedia presentations, hence the birth of Arthroscopy Techniques, Arthroscopy's online video companion. With over 700 videos, our library is filled with an exceptional collection of arthroscopic educational material, with topics ranging from the basics of arthroscopy to the most complex surgical procedures. One series, published this month, explores elbow arthroscopy with specific attention to describing various elbow portals, patient positioning, and tricks of elbow arthroscopy known only to the masters. If you have yet to view Arthroscopy Techniques, experience the future of arthroscopy today at www.ArthroscopyTechniques.org! Copyright © 2016 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The current role of on-line extraction approaches in clinical and forensic toxicology.

PubMed

Mueller, Daniel M

2014-08-01

In today's clinical and forensic toxicological laboratories, automation is of interest because of its ability to optimize processes, to reduce manual workload and handling errors and to minimize exposition to potentially infectious samples. Extraction is usually the most time-consuming step; therefore, automation of this step is reasonable. Currently, from the field of clinical and forensic toxicology, methods using the following on-line extraction techniques have been published: on-line solid-phase extraction, turbulent flow chromatography, solid-phase microextraction, microextraction by packed sorbent, single-drop microextraction and on-line desorption of dried blood spots. Most of these published methods are either single-analyte or multicomponent procedures; methods intended for systematic toxicological analysis are relatively scarce. However, the use of on-line extraction will certainly increase in the near future.

Progress in medicine: autonomy, oughtonomy and nudging.

PubMed

Devisch, Ignaas

2011-10-01

In this article, I argue that we need a new perspective in the debate on autonomy in medicine, to understand many of the problems we face today - dilemmas that are situated at the intersection of autonomy and heteronomy, such as why well informed and autonomous people make unhealthy lifestyle choices. If people do not choose what they want, this is not simply caused by their lack of character or capability, but also by the fact that absolute autonomy is impossible; autonomous individuals are 'contaminated' by heteronymous aspects, by influences from 'outside'. Consequently, there are many good reasons to question the widely accepted hierarchical opposition of autonomy (progress) versus heteronomy (paternalism) in medicine. In an earlier article an analysis is made of the neologism 'oughtonomy' to support the thesis that when it comes down to human existence, autonomy and heteronomy are intertwined, rather than being merely opposites. In this article, I reflect upon how social conditions might improve our 'choice architecture', what Thaler & Sunstein have called 'nudging': how to change individual health choices without being paternalistic? I explore the extent to which both oughtonomy and nudging are able to challenge the question of autonomy in today's medicine. Autonomy may and should be a shared target in today's medicine, but we should never forget that it is always intertwined with heteronomy. Starting from this perspective, progress in medicine demands far more than the increase of autonomy. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

[Electronic cigarettes: A therapeutic tool, a social phenomenon or a business?].

PubMed

Berlin, I

2015-06-01

Smoking is the first avoidable cause of morbidity and mortality. It is estimated that there were around 14 million smokers in France in 2012 and that smoking results in 70,000 deaths per year. All types of interventions reducing with efficacy the incidence and prevalence of smoking are to consider in prolonging life expectancy. Electronic cigarettes (e.cig.) are a social phenomenon but they also are a system delivering pharmacologically active substances; their use concerns today several millions of individuals in France. By this fact, it became important for clinical practitioners to acquire some knowledge about e. cig. Most of the e.cig. contains nicotine, thus, e.cig. are now called in the medical literature as electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS). It is highly plausible that ENDS, which are, as of today, consumer products and not health products, deliver nicotine with a good bioavailability and could, if largely used, help to reduce smoking prevalence. However, because of current lack of regulations, as of today, the risk/benefit ratio of ENDS as an aid to help smokers quit and their adverse effect profile cannot be established. It is of public health responsibility to promote evidence based knowledge about e.cig. to know with confidence their risk/benefit ratio. Copyright © 2014 Société nationale française de médecine interne (SNFMI). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

The S&T Lecture: An Introduction to the 9th Congress of WSRM.

PubMed

Hallock, Geoffrey G

2018-05-03

Just what is the S&T lecture? In the beginning it appeared to be a dubious distinction, another task thrust upon me but different in that I had absolutely no idea what was wanted or would be appropriate. At the least, it seemed reasonable to recite a simple introductory story for what would be an extraordinary conclave. First, an appreciation was due to our dedicated leaders of World Society of Reconstructive Microsurgery (WSRM), who this year (2017) have put together the most extravagant meeting ever, intended to include not just the glamorous but the entire scope of rudimentary reconstructive microsurgery. We know we must acquire all this knowledge to succeed today and tomorrow, but also need not to overlook the struggles and sacrifices our predecessors had to overcome. Too often the past is forgotten, only to then inefficiently be repeated. Today then, this will be a short story, a story of our past that must never be cast aside. The WSRM here today is a great international forum where we can then mingle with all of our colleagues to help dictate the present, but also define the future role of all specialities here where the ultimate goal is to help those most in need. This S&T lecture will just be a history story, subject to your interpretation. Enjoy! Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Archaeopteryx: Bringing the Dino-Bird to Life

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bergmann, Uwe

Some 150 million years ago, a strange creature died in a tropical lagoon that today is located in Bavaria, Germany. In 1861, a single feather of this creature was discovered. Not long afterward, a complete fossil was found with the same bird-like feathers but dinosaur-like anatomical features. Darwin had just published 'On the Origin of Species'; could this be the missing link that Darwin's supporters hoped to find? Recently, two of the now eleven discovered Archaeopteryx fossils, and that first feather, were brought to SLAC, where, using the intense X-ray beam, researchers searched for the chemical remains of the originalmore » living creatures. Please join us for this lecture, which will explain how the studies attempt to bring the original dino-bird back to life.« less

The work-family interface: A retrospective look at 20 years of research in JOHP.

PubMed

Allen, Tammy D; Martin, Angela

2017-07-01

As part of the 20th anniversary celebration for the Journal of Occupational Health Psychology (JOHP), this article reviews the literature on work-family with a special emphasis on research published in JOHP and that with health-related implications. We provide a retrospective overview of work-family research, tracing key papers and major theoretical constructs and themes. We examine the research needs identified by Westman and Piotrkowski (1999) and offer an assessment of the extent that work-family research has addressed those needs. Then we move on to discuss contemporary issues in the field today that constitute directions for future research. Specifically we discuss intervention studies, multilevel approaches, temporality and dynamic change, managerial perspectives, and diverse work settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

[Images of the elderly in printed advertisements in a time change perspective].

PubMed

Röhr-Sendlmeier, U M; Ueing, S

2004-02-01

This content analytical study investigates the changes of image of the elderly in printed advertisements. A total of 364 advertisements published in 1999 and 2000 involving elderly models were analyzed. A positive image of older age is generally transported in advertisements addressing all consumers, whereas physical and cognitive deficits occurring with age are expressed in some verbal elements of advertisements addressing primarily the elderly themselves. However, such deficits are not visually depicted, since health, full energy and activity provide positive orientation. Compared with advertisements in the 1970s and 1980s, the elderly are shown as more attractive, active and socially appreciated today. In spite of their improved image, the elderly, especially older women, are still not represented in printed advertisement in proportion to their number in the population.

Unicameral Bone Cyst in the Calcaneus of Mirror Image Twins.

PubMed

Lenze, Ulrich; Stolberg-Stolberg, Josef; Pohlig, Florian; Lenze, Florian; von Eisenhart-Rothe, Rüdiger; Rechl, Hans; Toepfer, Andreas

2015-01-01

Unicameral bone cysts (UBCs) are benign tumor-like lesions that commonly occur in the diaphyseal or metaphyseal region of the long bones within the first 2 decades of life. Until today, the pathogenesis of UBC has been unclear, but mechanisms such as vascular occlusion or a response to trauma have been supposed. During the past decade, in particular, the genetic aspects of the development of this rare lesion have been discussed. We present the first case of mirror image monozygotic twins with a mirror image UBC of the calcaneus. Our findings reinforce the importance of additional studies to understand the significance of cytogenetic factors in the etiology of UBC. Copyright © 2015 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

OVERVIEW, PRACTICAL TIPS AND POTENTIAL PITFALLS OF USING AUTOMATIC EXPOSURE CONTROL IN CT: SIEMENS CARE DOSE 4D.

PubMed

Söderberg, Marcus

2016-06-01

Today, computed tomography (CT) systems routinely use automatic exposure control (AEC), which modulates the tube current. However, for optimal use, there are several aspects of an AEC system that need to be considered. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of the Siemens CARE Dose 4D AEC system, discuss practical tips and demonstrate potential pitfalls. Two adult anthropomorphic phantoms were examined using two different Siemens CT systems. When optimising the CT radiation dose and image quality, the projection angle of the localiser, patient centring, protocol selection, scanning direction and the use of protective devices requires special attention. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Self-Healing and Self-Care for Nurses.

PubMed

Crane, Patricia J; Ward, Suzanne F

2016-11-01

The potential effects of self-care techniques to increase nurses' effectiveness and influence positive patient care outcomes have often been underestimated. Today, nurses experience increased stress as a result of more work hours and greater patient loads. Research studies demonstrate the value to an organization and to individuals of educating nurses about self-care. Studies also show that how being aware of individual reaction patterns is vital to learning more effective coping mechanisms. In this article, we discuss the aspects of body, mind, emotions, and spirit as they relate to self-care; present self-care change techniques; and offer some practical self-care exercises. Most self-care skills can be learned and implemented in a short period of time. Nurses are encouraged to experiment with the various techniques to determine the most effective ones for them. Copyright © 2016 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The influence of suggestibility on memory.

PubMed

Nicolas, Serge; Collins, Thérèse; Gounden, Yannick; Roediger, Henry L

2011-06-01

We provide a translation of Binet and Henri's pioneering 1894 paper on the influence of suggestibility on memory. Alfred Binet (1857-1911) is famous as the author who created the IQ test that bears his name, but he is almost unknown as the psychological investigator who generated numerous original experiments and fascinating results in the study of memory. His experiments published in 1894 manipulated suggestibility in several ways to determine effects on remembering. Three particular modes of suggestion were employed to induce false recognitions: (1) indirect suggestion by a preconceived idea; (2) direct suggestion; and (3) collective suggestion. In the commentary we suggest that Binet and Henri's (1894) paper written over 115 years ago is still highly relevant even today. In particular, Binet's legacy lives on in modern research on misinformation effects in memory, in studies of conformity, and in experiments on the social contagion of memory. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Paracelsus and the science of nutrition in the renaissance. On occasion of the 500th anniversary of his birth.

PubMed

Guggenheim, K Y

1993-07-01

Paracelsus (1493-1541) was a Swiss chemist and physician. As professor of medicine in Basel, he violently opposed traditional Galenic medicine and emphasized direct observation instead. His nonconformist views and rough behaviour led to his expulsion after less than a year. He led an itinerant life, practicing medicine, writing books and studying diseases of miners. Paracelcus believed in an immaterial principle, the "alchemist," that converted food into body substance. Every animal species, he believed, was endowed with its own alchemist, adapted to its needs. Paracelcus introduced chemical thinking into medicine (iatrochemistry) and nutrition. Today, he remains a controversial figure. Other Renaissance scientists (Fernel, Vesalius) criticized traditional medicine without completely rejecting it. Leonardo da Vinci developed original views on nutrition, based on his anatomical studies. His views were, however, without influence, because he did not publish.

[Drinking water hardness and chronic degenerative diseases. II. Cardiovascular diseases].

PubMed

Monarca, S; Zerbini, I; Simonati, C; Gelatti, U

2003-01-01

Since the 1950s a causal relation between water hardness and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) in humans has been hypothesized. In order to evaluate the influence of calcium and magnesium, the minerals responsible for the hardness of drinking water, on human health, a review of all the articles published on the subject from 1980 up to today has been carried out. Many but not all geographic correlation studies showed an inverse association between water hardness and mortality for CVD. Most case-control and one cohort studies showed an inverse relation, statistically significant, between mortality from CVD and water levels of magnesium, but not calcium. Consumption of water containing high concentrations of magnesium seems to reduce of about 30-35% the mortality for CVD, but not the incidence. This inverse association is supported by clinical and experimental findings and is biologically plausible and in line with Hill's criteria for a cause-effect relationship.

Invited Commentary: Continuing to Loosen the Constraints on Epidemiology in an Age of Change-A Comment on McMichael's "Prisoners of the Proximate".

PubMed

Galea, Sandro

2017-06-01

Published in 1999, McMichael's "Prisoners of the Proximate: Loosening the Constraints on Epidemiology in an Age of Change" (Am J Epidemiol. 1999;149(10):887-897) outlined an exciting vision for epidemiology as the field that that can help us better understand the drivers of population health so that we may intervene, paving the way for healthier populations. McMichael's paper remains today what it was when it was first published: clear, thoughtful, provocative, and usefully prescriptive in its call to action. McMichael identified 4 constraints facing epidemiology. The field has risen to this challenge and addressed some of these constraints. I discuss how successful (or not) we have been in addressing each of these 4 challenges. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

[Predatory journals: how their publishers operate and how to avoid them].

PubMed

Kratochvíl, Jiří; Plch, Lukáš

Authors who publish in scientific or scholarly journals today face the risk of publishing in so-called predatory journals. These journals exploit the noble idea of the Open Access movement, whose goal is to make the latest scientific findings available for free. Predatory journals, unlike the reputable ones working on an Open Access basis, neglect the review process and publish low-quality submissions. The basic attributes of predatory journals are a very quick review process or even none at all, failure to be transparent about author fees for publishing an article, misleading potential authors by imitating the names of well-established journals, and false information on indexing in renowned databases or assigned impact factor. Some preventive measures against publishing in predatory journals or drawing information from them are: a thorough credibility check of the journals webpages, verification of the journals indexing on Bealls List and in the following databases: Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, ERIH PLUS and DOAJ. Asking other scientists or scholars about their experience with a given journal can also be helpful. Without these necessary steps authors face an increased risk of publishing in a journal of poor quality, which will prevent them from obtaining Research and Development Council points (awarded based on the Information Register of Research & Development results); even more importantly, it may damage their reputation as well as the good name of their home institution in the professional community.Key words: academic writing - medical journals - Open Access - predatory journals - predatory publishers - scientific publications.

Reflections on the history of indoor air science, focusing on the last 50 years.

PubMed

Sundell, J

2017-07-01

The scientific articles and Indoor Air conference publications of the indoor air sciences (IAS) during the last 50 years are summarized. In total 7524 presentations, from 79 countries, have been made at Indoor Air conferences held between 1978 (49 presentations) and 2014 (1049 presentations). In the Web of Science, 26 992 articles on indoor air research (with the word "indoor" as a search term) have been found (as of 1 Jan 2016) of which 70% were published during the last 10 years. The modern scientific history started in the 1970s with a question: "did indoor air pose a threat to health as did outdoor air?" Soon it was recognized that indoor air is more important, from a health point of view, than outdoor air. Topics of concern were first radon, environmental tobacco smoke, and lung cancer, followed by volatile organic compounds, formaldehyde and sick building syndrome, house dust-mites, asthma and allergies, Legionnaires disease, and other airborne infections. Later emerged dampness/mold-associated allergies and today's concern with "modern exposures-modern diseases." Ventilation, thermal comfort, indoor air chemistry, semi-volatile organic compounds, building simulation by computational fluid dynamics, and fine particulate matter are common topics today. From their beginning in Denmark and Sweden, then in the USA, the indoor air sciences now show increasing activity in East and Southeast Asia. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Statistical testing of association between menstruation and migraine.

PubMed

Barra, Mathias; Dahl, Fredrik A; Vetvik, Kjersti G

2015-02-01

To repair and refine a previously proposed method for statistical analysis of association between migraine and menstruation. Menstrually related migraine (MRM) affects about 20% of female migraineurs in the general population. The exact pathophysiological link from menstruation to migraine is hypothesized to be through fluctuations in female reproductive hormones, but the exact mechanisms remain unknown. Therefore, the main diagnostic criterion today is concurrency of migraine attacks with menstruation. Methods aiming to exclude spurious associations are wanted, so that further research into these mechanisms can be performed on a population with a true association. The statistical method is based on a simple two-parameter null model of MRM (which allows for simulation modeling), and Fisher's exact test (with mid-p correction) applied to standard 2 × 2 contingency tables derived from the patients' headache diaries. Our method is a corrected version of a previously published flawed framework. To our best knowledge, no other published methods for establishing a menstruation-migraine association by statistical means exist today. The probabilistic methodology shows good performance when subjected to receiver operator characteristic curve analysis. Quick reference cutoff values for the clinical setting were tabulated for assessing association given a patient's headache history. In this paper, we correct a proposed method for establishing association between menstruation and migraine by statistical methods. We conclude that the proposed standard of 3-cycle observations prior to setting an MRM diagnosis should be extended with at least one perimenstrual window to obtain sufficient information for statistical processing. © 2014 American Headache Society.

Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 50th anniversary editorial board commentary: anatomy, basic sciences, and genetics--then and now.

PubMed

Mooney, Mark P; Cooper, Gregory M; Marazita, Mary L

2014-05-01

To celebrate the 50th year of the Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal we look back to where we started in 1964 and where we are now, and we speculate about directions for the future in a "Then and Now" editorial series. This editorial examines changing trends and perspectives in anatomical, basic science, and genetic studies published in this 50-year interval. In volume 1 there were 45 total papers, seven (16%) of which were peer-reviewed basic science and genetic articles published: four in anatomy, three in craniofacial biology, and none in genetics. In contrast, in volume 50, of 113 articles there were 47 (42%) peer-reviewed basic science and genetic articles published: 30 in anatomy, five in craniofacial biology, and 12 in genetics. Topical analysis of published manuscripts then and now reveal that similar topics in anatomy and craniofacial biology are still being researched today (e.g., phenotypic variability, optimal timing of surgery, presurgical orthopedics, bone grafting); whereas, most of the more recent papers use advanced technology to address old questions. In contrast, genetic publications have clearly increased in frequency during the last 50 years, which parallels advances in the field during this time. However, all of us have noticed that the more "cutting-edge" papers in these areas are not being submitted for publication to the journal, but instead to discipline-specific journals. Concerted efforts are therefore indicated to attract and publish these cutting-edge papers in order to keep the Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal in the forefront of orofacial cleft and craniofacial anomaly research and to provide a valuable service to American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association members.

Developing the Digital Kyoto Collection in Education and Research.

PubMed

Hill, Mark Anthony

2018-04-16

The Kyoto embryo collection was begun in 1961 by Dr. Hideo Nishimura. The collection has been continuously developed and currently contains over 44,000 human normal and abnormal specimens. Beginning online in 1997, the internet provided an opportunity to make embryos from the collection widely available for research and educational purposes (http://tiny.cc/Embryo). These embryonic development resources have been continuously published and available from that time until today. Published in Japanese as an Atlas of Embryonic Development. Published online as the Kyoto Human Embryo Visualization Project (http://atlas.cac.med.kyoto-u.ac.jp) and also as the Human Embryo Atlas (http://tiny.cc/Human_Embryo_Atlas). Published now electronically as a digital eBook (http://tiny.cc/Kyoto_Collection_eBook). This new digital format allows incorporation of whole embryo and histology manipulable images, labels, and a linked glossary. New imaging modalities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and episcopic fluorescence image capture (EFIC) can also be easily displayed as animations. For research, the collection specimens and histological sections have been extensively studied and published in several hundred papers, discussed here and elsewhere in this special edition. I will also describe how the Kyoto collection will now form a major partner of a new international embryology research group, the Digital Embryology Consortium (https://human-embryology.org). The digital Kyoto collection will be made available for remote researcher access, analysis, and comparison with other collections allowing new research and educational applications. This work was presented at the 40th Anniversary Commemoration Symposium of the Congenital Anomaly Research Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan, November, 2015. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The 100 most-cited papers in general thoracic surgery: A bibliography analysis.

PubMed

Ding, Hongdou; Song, Xiao; Chen, Linsong; Zheng, Xinlin; Jiang, Gening

2018-05-01

The status of citations can reflect the impact of a paper and its contribution to surgical practice. The aim of our study was to identify and review the 100 most-cited papers in general thoracic surgery. Relevant papers on general thoracic surgery were searched through Thomson Reuters Web of Science in the last week of November 2017. Results were returned in descending order of total citations. Their titles and abstracts were reviewed to identify whether they met our inclusion criteria by two thoracic surgeons independently. Characteristics of the first 100 papers, including title, journal name, country, first author, year of publication, total citations, citations in latest 5 years and average citation per year (ACY) were extracted and analyzed. Of the 100 papers, the mean number of citations was 322 with a range from 184 to 921. 19 journals published the papers from 1956 to 2012. Annals of Surgery had the largest number (29), followed by Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery (22) and Annals of Thoracic Surgery (21). The majority of the papers were published in 2000s (48) and originated from United States of America (62). There were 65 retrospective studies, 13 RCTs and 11 prospective studies. Orringer MB and Grillo HC contributed 4 first-author articles respectively. There were 53 papers on esophagus, 36 on lung, 6 on pleura and 5 on trachea. Our study identified the most-cited papers in the past several decades and offered insights into the development and advances of general thoracic surgery. It can help us understand the evidential basis of clinical decision-making today in the area. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

A comparative study of electronic stethoscopes for cardiac auscultation.

PubMed

Pinto, C; Pereira, D; Ferreira-Coimbra, J; Portugues, J; Gama, V; Coimbra, M

2017-07-01

There are several electronic stethoscopes available on the market today, with a very high potential for healthcare namely telemedicine, assisted decision and education. However, there are no recent comparatives studies published about the recording quality of auscultation sounds. In this study we aim to: a) define a ranking, according to experts opinion of 6 of the most relevant electronic stethoscopes on the market today; b) verify if there are any relations between a stethoscope's performance and the type of pathology present; c) analyze if some pathologies are more easily identified than others when using electronic auscultation. Our methodology consisted in creating two study groups: the first group included 18 cardiologists and cardiology house officers, acting as the gold standard of this work. The second included 30 medical students. Using a database of heart sounds recorded in real hospital environments, we applied questionnaires to observers from each group. The first group listened to 60 cardiac auscultations recorded by the 6 stethoscopes, and each one was asked to identify the pathological sound present: aortic stenosis, mitral regurgitation or normal. The second group was asked to choose, between two auscultation recordings, using as criteria the best sound quality for the identification of pathological sounds. Results include a total of 1080 evaluations, in which 72% of cases were correctly diagnosed. A detailed breakdown of these results is presented in this paper. As conclusions, results showed that the impact of the differences between stethoscopes is very small, given that we did not find statistically significant differences between all pairs of stethoscopes. Normal sounds showed to be easier to identify than pathological sounds, but we did not find differences between stethoscopes in this identification.

Lessons on Policing Terrorism: Studying Police Effectiveness in Italy and Germany

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

TODAY ........................................................46 IV. CENTRIST POLITICS AND THE POLICE: AN ITALIAN NARRATIVE .....49 A. BACKGROUND AND...might plan, coordinate, and carry out terrorist acts in an attempt to disrupt and destroy the cycle of violence—crime. Especially today , a simple...characteristics of effective policing that might be applicable today and in the future. It begins by developing a method for analysis, which can then be used

Most Cited Publications in Cervical Spine Surgery

PubMed Central

Brooks, Francis; Sandler, Simon; Yau, Yun-Hom; Selby, Michael; Freeman, Brian

2017-01-01

Purpose The purpose of this study is to perform a citation analysis on the most frequently cited articles in the topic of cervical spine surgery and report on the top 100 most cited publication in this topic. Methods We used the Thomson Reuters Web of Science to search citations of all articles from 1945 to 2015 relevant to cervical spine surgery and ranked them according to the number of citations. The 100 most cited articles that matched the search criteria were further analyzed by number of citations, first author, journal, year of publication, country and institution of origin. Results The top 100 cited articles in the topic of cervical spine surgery were published from 1952-2011. The number of citations ranged from 106 times for the 100th paper to 1206 times for the top paper. The decade of 1990-1999 saw the most publications. The Journal of Spine published the most articles, followed by Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery America. Investigators from America authored the most papers and The University of California contributed the most publications. Cervical spine fusion was the most common topic published with 36 papers, followed by surgical technique and trauma. Conclusion This article identifies the 100 most cited articles in cervical spine surgery. It has provided insight to the history and development in cervical spine surgery and many of which have shaped the way we practice today. PMID:28765803

Prostitutes and criminals: beginnings of eugenics in Croatia in the works of Fran Gundrum from Oriovac (1856-1919).

PubMed

Kuhar, Martin; Fatović-Ferencić, Stella

2012-04-01

Fran Gundrum (1856-1919) was a Croatian physician, encyclopedist, and an advocate of medical enlightenment and healthy lifestyle. In order to identify and analyze Gundrum's ideas about the problems of prostitution and criminality, we studied all of his books, booklets, and articles published between 1905 and 1914. We showed that Gundrum's theories of heredity, morality, and sexual hygiene incorporated many of the important discussions of his time, especially those related to the Darwinian paradigm. Gundrum's project of collecting statistics on prostitutes was the first such study published on the territory of today's Croatia. Although he rejected the notions of born prostitutes and born criminals, defended by Italian criminal anthropologist Cesare Lombroso, he still regarded eugenics as a convenient method of dealing with the ills of society. He believed that criminals were degenerate individuals representing a violent threat to the society and that it was legitimate to use radical means, such as sterilization and deportation, to deal with this problem. Organicistic view of the society prevented him from seeing the individual rights as important as that of the society to protect itself. Nevertheless, this view led to many humanistic ideas, such as the binomial illness/poverty in case of prostitution, which influenced many prominent works of social medicine movement.

Prostitutes and criminals: beginnings of eugenics in Croatia in the works of Fran Gundrum from Oriovac (1856-1919)

PubMed Central

Kuhar, Martin; Fatović-Ferenčić, Stella

2012-01-01

Fran Gundrum (1856-1919) was a Croatian physician, encyclopedist, and an advocate of medical enlightenment and healthy lifestyle. In order to identify and analyze Gundrum’s ideas about the problems of prostitution and criminality, we studied all of his books, booklets, and articles published between 1905 and 1914. We showed that Gundrum’s theories of heredity, morality, and sexual hygiene incorporated many of the important discussions of his time, especially those related to the Darwinian paradigm. Gundrum’s project of collecting statistics on prostitutes was the first such study published on the territory of today's Croatia. Although he rejected the notions of born prostitutes and born criminals, defended by Italian criminal anthropologist Cesare Lombroso, he still regarded eugenics as a convenient method of dealing with the ills of society. He believed that criminals were degenerate individuals representing a violent threat to the society and that it was legitimate to use radical means, such as sterilization and deportation, to deal with this problem. Organicistic view of the society prevented him from seeing the individual rights as important as that of the society to protect itself. Nevertheless, this view led to many humanistic ideas, such as the binomial illness/poverty in case of prostitution, which influenced many prominent works of social medicine movement. PMID:22522997

Explaining the freemartin: Tandler and Keller vs. Lillie and the question of priority.

PubMed

Freeman, Gary

2007-03-15

The correct explanation for the freemartin phenotype in the female twin of a female-male pair in cattle was first reported by Tandler and Keller (1911. Deutsche Tierärzt Wochenschr 19:148-149). This same explanation for the freemartin was independently discovered by Lillie (1916. Science 43:611-613). Today both set of scientists are given credit for this discovery; it is the basis for much of the subsequent work on the developmental basis for sex differentiation in vertebrates. Even though Lillie published after Keller and Tandler, he gets credit for this discovery because: (1) Keller and Tandler published in a veterinary journal and as a consequence their work was not disseminated as broadly throughout the larger scientific community; this problem was compounded by the fact that their definitive 1916 paper was published under wartime conditions during World War I, and (2) Lillie was an influential scientist with a group of graduate students who could elaborate on and extend his work; they published a number of papers on the freemartin. At some point while Lillie was doing his initial work on the freemartin he may have become aware that Keller and Tandler were also working on the freemartin problem; this information may have shaped his decision on when to publish. (c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Karl Friedrich Zollner and the historical dimension of astronomical photometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sterken, C.; Staubermann, K. B.

This book results from presentations and discussions of a group of astronomers and historians during a one-day workshop held at Archenhold Observatory, Berlin-Treptow, on April 4, 1997. This meeting was the first forum in a series dedicated to historical aspects of observational astrophysics in the nineteenth and early twentieth century. The basic principle of these meetings is to reflect during one or more days on the work and personality of a single individual or of a group of persons, at the same time avoiding the really dominant figures that typify the age. By focusing on key people who epitomize a way of thinking and working that has formed many of the ideas by which we do astrophysical research today, we also attempt to evoke the scientific spirit of the era under consideration. In 1858, the German physicist Karl Friedrich Zoellner introduced a new type of astronomical photometer which became a bestseller in the second half of the nineteenth century and which led him to the first German professorship in astrophysics. His type of photometer allowed most accurate photometric measurements and was used at several observatories for almost half a century. This book outlines four major themes. The first part describes the observing instruments that were used by Zoellner and his contemporaries: photometers and spectrographs that complemented his original design, but also competed with his most versatile prototype photometer. The description also includes an account of technical aspects associated with the replication of such a photometer today. The second part analyses the astrophysical data that were obtained with Zoellner's tools, and extracts information hidden in the published data --- scientific information as well as diverse aspects related to the observer himself. These nineteenth-century data are now published for the first time on a modern magnitude scale and are directly accessible in tabular form, and are thus fully applicable to archeophotometric studies. The third part of the book illustrates some aspects of Zoellner's personal life, his correspondence, and the relationship to his direct colleagues. It follows Zoellner during the last years of his life when he experienced severely strained relationships with the scientific establishment of his time. The last part reviews a number of scientific studies made on the most enigmatic personality that Zoellner certainly was, and also gives a bibliography of all works by Karl Friedrich Zoellner which were published during his lifetime or which appeared posthumously.

Investigating How the Biographies of Today's Scientists Affect 8th Graders' Scientist Image

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karaçam, Sedat

2016-01-01

This study aimed to investigate how a poster study focusing on the biographies of today's scientists affected 8th graders' scientist images. The study utilized a mixed model which combined qualitative and quantitative research techniques. 142 8th graders from a secondary school in Ankara Province Keçiören District participated in the study.…

Meditation on Tuskegee: Black Studies Stories and Their Imbrication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Houston A., Jr.

1995-01-01

Discusses today's black studies programs and the division between the empiricist and conceptualist views of black history. Through a personal narrative involving a visit to Tuskegee University, the author muses over Booker T. Washington's type of eloquence in addressing the black experience compared to today's black public intellectual's attempts,…

Preface: special topic on supramolecular self-assembly at surfaces.

PubMed

Bartels, Ludwig; Ernst, Karl-Heinz; Gao, Hong-Jun; Thiel, Patricia A

2015-03-14

Supramolecular self-assembly at surfaces is one of the most exciting and active fields in Surface Science today. Applications can take advantage of two key properties: (i) versatile pattern formation over a broad length scale and (ii) tunability of electronic structure and transport properties, as well as frontier orbital alignment. It provides a new frontier for Chemical Physics as it uniquely combines the versatility of Organic Synthesis and the Physics of Interfaces. The Journal of Chemical Physics is pleased to publish this Special Topic Issue, showcasing recent advances and new directions.

Technology, Applications, and Process Challenges of Dual Chamber Systems.

PubMed

Werk, Tobias; Ludwig, Imke S; Luemkemann, Joerg; Mahler, Hanns-Christian; Huwyler, Joerg; Hafner, Mathias

2016-01-01

Dual-chamber systems provide an option as a drug and device combination product, when home care and emergency lyophilized products are intended. Nevertheless, until today, there are only a few products on the market, due to the challenges and limitations in manufacturability, product formulation, and product stability in a dual-chamber configuration, as well as economic considerations. This review serves to describe currently available dual-chamber systems and to discuss factors to be considered for appropriate selection and establishing fill-finish processes. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Indiana application for interim authorization, phase I, hazardous waste management program--Environmental Protection Agency. Notice of public hearing and public comment period.

PubMed

1982-04-12

EPA regulations to protect human health and the environment from the improper management of hazardous waste were published in the Federal Register on May 19, 1980 (45 FR 33063). These regulations include provisions for authorization of State programs to operate in lieu of the Federal program. Today EPA is announcing the availability for public review of the Indiana application for Phase I Interim Authorization, inviting public comment, and giving notice of a public hearing to be held on the application.

Possible role of biochemiluminescent photons for lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)-induced phosphenes and visual hallucinations.

PubMed

Kapócs, Gábor; Scholkmann, Felix; Salari, Vahid; Császár, Noémi; Szőke, Henrik; Bókkon, István

2017-01-01

Today, there is an increased interest in research on lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) because it may offer new opportunities in psychotherapy under controlled settings. The more we know about how a drug works in the brain, the more opportunities there will be to exploit it in medicine. Here, based on our previously published papers and investigations, we suggest that LSD-induced visual hallucinations/phosphenes may be due to the transient enhancement of bioluminescent photons in the early retinotopic visual system in blind as well as healthy people.

Web 2.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibson, Becky

The Web is growing and changing from a paradigm of static publishing to one of participation and interaction. This change has implications for people with disabilities who rely on access to the Web for employment, information, entertainment, and increased independence. The interactive and collaborative nature of Web 2.0 can present access problems for some users. There are some best practices which can be put in place today to improve access. New specifications such as Accessible Rich Internet Applications (ARIA) and IAccessible2 are opening the doors to increasing the accessibility of Web 2.0 and beyond.

Human embryo research and the 14-day rule.

PubMed

Pera, Martin F

2017-06-01

In many jurisdictions, restrictions prohibit the culture of human embryos beyond 14 days of development. However, recent reports describing the successful maintenance of embryos in vitro to this stage have prompted many in the field to question whether the rule is still appropriate. This Spotlight article looks at the original rationale behind the 14-day rule and its relevance today in light of advances in human embryo culture and in the derivation of embryonic-like structures from human pluripotent stem cells. © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

The Global Burden of Fungal Diseases.

PubMed

Vallabhaneni, Snigdha; Mody, Rajal K; Walker, Tiffany; Chiller, Tom

2016-03-01

Fungal diseases require greater attention today than ever before, given the expanding population of immunosuppressed patients who are at higher risk for these diseases. This article reports on distribution, incidence, and prevalence of various fungal diseases and points out gaps in knowledge where such data are not available. Fungal diseases that contribute substantially to global morbidity and mortality are highlighted. Long-term, sustainable surveillance programs for fungal diseases and better noninvasive and reliable diagnostic tools are needed to estimate the burden of these diseases more accurately. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Consensus in chronic ankle instability: aetiology, assessment, surgical indications and place for arthroscopy.

PubMed

Guillo, S; Bauer, T; Lee, J W; Takao, M; Kong, S W; Stone, J W; Mangone, P G; Molloy, A; Perera, A; Pearce, C J; Michels, F; Tourné, Y; Ghorbani, A; Calder, J

2013-12-01

Ankle sprains are the most common injuries sustained during sports activities. Most ankle sprains recover fully with non-operative treatment but 20-30% develop chronic ankle instability. Predicting which patients who sustain an ankle sprain will develop instability is difficult. This paper summarises a consensus on identifying which patients may require surgery, the optimal surgical intervention along with treatment of concomitant pathology given the evidence available today. It also discusses the role of arthroscopic treatment and the anatomical basis for individual procedures. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Principles and ethics in scientific communication in biomedicine.

PubMed

Donev, Doncho

2013-12-01

To present the basic principles and standards of scientific communication and writing a paper, to indicate the importance of honesty and ethical approach to research and publication of results in scientific journals, as well as the need for continuing education in the principles and ethics in science and publication in biomedicine. An analysis of relevant materials and documents, sources from the internet and published literature and personal experience and observations of the author. In the past more than 20 years there is an increasingly emphasized importance of respecting fundamental principles and standards of scientific communication and ethical approach to research and publication of results in peer review journals. Advances in the scientific community is based on honesty and equity of researchers in conducting and publishing the results of research and to develop guidelines and policies for prevention and punishment of publishing misconduct. Today scientific communication standards and definitions of fraud in science and publishing are generally consistent, but vary considerably policies and approach to ethics education in science, prevention and penal policies for misconduct in research and publication of results in scientific journals. It is necessary to further strengthen the capacity for education and research, and raising awareness about the importance and need for education about the principles of scientific communication, ethics of research and publication of results. The use of various forms of education of the scientific community, in undergraduate teaching and postgraduate master and doctoral studies, in order to create an ethical environment, is one of the most effective ways to prevent the emergence of scientific and publication dishonesty and fraud.

Exploring Possibilities for Transforming Established Subscription-based Scientific Journals into Open Access Journals. Present Situation, Transformation Criteria, and Exemplary Implementation within Trans-O-MIM.

PubMed

Haux, Reinhold; Kuballa, Stefanie; Schulze, Mareike; Böhm, Claudia; Gefeller, Olaf; Haaf, Jan; Henning, Peter; Mielke, Corinna; Niggemann, Florian; Schürg, Andrea; Bergemann, Dieter

2016-12-07

Based on today's information and communication technologies the open access paradigm has become an important approach for adequately communicating new scientific knowledge. Summarizing the present situation for journal transformation. Presenting criteria for adequate transformation as well as a specific approach for it. Describing our exemplary implementation of such a journal transformation. Studying the respective literature as well as discussing this topic in various discussion groups and meetings (primarily of editors and publishers, but also of authors and readers), with long term experience as editors and /or publishers of scientific publications as prerequisite. There is a clear will, particularly of political and funding organizations, towards open access publishing. In spite of this, there is still a large amount of scientific knowledge, being communicated through subscription-based journals. For successfully transforming such journals into open access, sixteen criteria for a goal-oriented, stepwise, sustainable, and fair transformation are suggested. The Tandem Model as transformation approach is introduced. Our exemplary implementation is done in the Trans-O-MIM project. It is exploring strategies, models and evaluation metrics for journal transformation. As instance the journal Methods of Information in Medicine will apply the Tandem Model from 2017 onwards. Within Trans-O-MIM we will reach at least nine of the sixteen criteria for adequate transformation. It was positive to implement Trans-O-MIM as international research project. After first steps for transforming Methods have successfully been made, challenges will remain, among others, in identifying appropriate incentives for open access publishing in order to support its transformation.

Principles and Ethics in Scientific Communication in Biomedicine

PubMed Central

Donev, Doncho

2013-01-01

Introduction and aim: To present the basic principles and standards of scientific communication and writing a paper, to indicate the importance of honesty and ethical approach to research and publication of results in scientific journals, as well as the need for continuing education in the principles and ethics in science and publication in biomedicine. Methods: An analysis of relevant materials and documents, sources from the internet and published literature and personal experience and observations of the author. Results: In the past more than 20 years there is an increasingly emphasized importance of respecting fundamental principles and standards of scientific communication and ethical approach to research and publication of results in peer review journals. Advances in the scientific community is based on honesty and equity of researchers in conducting and publishing the results of research and to develop guidelines and policies for prevention and punishment of publishing misconduct. Today scientific communication standards and definitions of fraud in science and publishing are generally consistent, but vary considerably policies and approach to ethics education in science, prevention and penal policies for misconduct in research and publication of results in scientific journals. Conclusion: It is necessary to further strengthen the capacity for education and research, and raising awareness about the importance and need for education about the principles of scientific communication, ethics of research and publication of results. The use of various forms of education of the scientific community, in undergraduate teaching and postgraduate master and doctoral studies, in order to create an ethical environment, is one of the most effective ways to prevent the emergence of scientific and publication dishonesty and fraud. PMID:24505166

Believable Characters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Nasr, Magy Seif; Bishko, Leslie; Zammitto, Veronica; Nixon, Michael; Vasiliakos, Athanasios V.; Wei, Huaxin

The interactive entertainment industry is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. In 1996, the U.S. entertainment software industry reported 2.6 billion in sales revenue, this figure has more than tripled in 2007 yielding 9.5 billion in revenues [1]. In addition, gamers, the target market for interactive entertainment products, are now reaching beyond the traditional 8-34 year old male to include women, Hispanics, and African Americans [2]. This trend has been observed in several markets, including Japan, China, Korea, and India, who has just published their first international AAA title (defined as high quality games with high budget), a 3D third person action game: Ghajini - The Game [3]. The topic of believable characters is becoming a central issue when designing and developing games for today's game industry. While narrative and character were considered secondary to game mechanics, games are currently evolving to integrate characters, narrative, and drama as part of their design. One can see this pattern through the emergence of games like Assassin's Creed (published by Ubisoft 2008), Hotel Dusk (published by Nintendo 2007), and Prince of Persia series (published by Ubisoft), which emphasized character and narrative as part of their design.

High-Efficiency, Multijunction Solar Cells for Large-Scale Solar Electricity Generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurtz, Sarah

2006-03-01

A solar cell with an infinite number of materials (matched to the solar spectrum) has a theoretical efficiency limit of 68%. If sunlight is concentrated, this limit increases to about 87%. These theoretical limits are calculated using basic physics and are independent of the details of the materials. In practice, the challenge of achieving high efficiency depends on identifying materials that can effectively use the solar spectrum. Impressive progress has been made with the current efficiency record being 39%. Today's solar market is also showing impressive progress, but is still hindered by high prices. One strategy for reducing cost is to use lenses or mirrors to focus the light on small solar cells. In this case, the system cost is dominated by the cost of the relatively inexpensive optics. The value of the optics increases with the efficiency of the solar cell. Thus, a concentrator system made with 35%- 40%-efficient solar cells is expected to deliver 50% more power at a similar cost when compare with a system using 25%-efficient cells. Today's markets are showing an opportunity for large concentrator systems that didn't exist 5-10 years ago. Efficiencies may soon pass 40% and ultimately may reach 50%, providing a pathway to improved performance and decreased cost. Many companies are currently investigating this technology for large-scale electricity generation. The presentation will cover the basic physics and more practical considerations to achieving high efficiency as well as describing the current status of the concentrator industry. This work has been authored by an employee of the Midwest Research Institute under Contract No. DE- AC36-99GO10337 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this work, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

Simulation of wind turbine wakes using the actuator line technique.

PubMed

Sørensen, Jens N; Mikkelsen, Robert F; Henningson, Dan S; Ivanell, Stefan; Sarmast, Sasan; Andersen, Søren J

2015-02-28

The actuator line technique was introduced as a numerical tool to be employed in combination with large eddy simulations to enable the study of wakes and wake interaction in wind farms. The technique is today largely used for studying basic features of wakes as well as for making performance predictions of wind farms. In this paper, we give a short introduction to the wake problem and the actuator line methodology and present a study in which the technique is employed to determine the near-wake properties of wind turbines. The presented results include a comparison of experimental results of the wake characteristics of the flow around a three-bladed model wind turbine, the development of a simple analytical formula for determining the near-wake length behind a wind turbine and a detailed investigation of wake structures based on proper orthogonal decomposition analysis of numerically generated snapshots of the wake. © 2015 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Genetic modification of the human germ line: The reasons why this project has no future.

PubMed

Morange, Michel

2015-01-01

Modification of the human germ line has remained a distant but valuable objective for most biologists since the emergence of genetics (and even before). To study the historical transformations of this project, I have selected three periods - the 1930s, at the pinnacle of eugenics, around 1974 when molecular biology triumphed, and today - and have adopted three criteria to estimate the feasibility of this project: the state of scientific knowledge, the existence of suitable tools, and societal demands. Although the long-awaited techniques to modify the germ line are now available, I will show that most of the expectations behind this project have disappeared, or are considered as being reachable by highly different strategies. Copyright © 2015 Académie des sciences. Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Productivity, part 1: getting things done, using e-mail, scanners, reference managers, note-taking applications, and text expanders.

PubMed

Lackey, Amanda E; Moshiri, Mariam; Pandey, Tarun; Lall, Chandana; Lalwani, Neeraj; Bhargava, Puneet

2014-05-01

In an era of declining reimbursements and tightening of the job market, today's radiologists are forced to "make do with less." With the rollout of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, commonly called "Obamacare," radiologists will be expected not only to interpret studies but to also take on many additional roles, adding a new layer of complexity to already demanding daily duties. These changes make it more important than ever to develop a personal workflow management system incorporating some of the most potent productivity tools. In this article, the authors discuss current productivity techniques and related software with the most potential to help radiologists keep up with the ever increasing demands on their time at the work place and help us lead more balanced lives. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The qualitative research proposal.

PubMed

Klopper, H

2008-12-01

Qualitative research in the health sciences has had to overcome many prejudices and a number of misunderstandings, but today qualitative research is as acceptable as quantitative research designs and is widely funded and published. Writing the proposal of a qualitative study, however, can be a challenging feat, due to the emergent nature of the qualitative research design and the description of the methodology as a process. Even today, many sub-standard proposals at post-graduate evaluation committees and application proposals to be considered for funding are still seen. This problem has led the researcher to develop a framework to guide the qualitative researcher in writing the proposal of a qualitative study based on the following research questions: (i) What is the process of writing a qualitative research proposal? and (ii) What does the structure and layout of a qualitative proposal look like? The purpose of this article is to discuss the process of writing the qualitative research proposal, as well as describe the structure and layout of a qualitative research proposal. The process of writing a qualitative research proposal is discussed with regards to the most important questions that need to be answered in your research proposal with consideration of the guidelines of being practical, being persuasive, making broader links, aiming for crystal clarity and planning before you write. While the structure of the qualitative research proposal is discussed with regards to the key sections of the proposal, namely the cover page, abstract, introduction, review of the literature, research problem and research questions, research purpose and objectives, research paradigm, research design, research method, ethical considerations, dissemination plan, budget and appendices.

Vapours, gargles, darts and bougies: Victorian ENT treatments.

PubMed

Montgomery, J; Robertson, A

2012-11-01

Sir Morell Mackenzie (1837-1892), the pre-eminent early laryngologist in the UK, is nowadays perhaps better remembered for his role in the management of the Crown Prince of Germany in 1887, than for his major contribution to the development of laryngology as a specialty. In this article we focus upon his text The Pharmacopoeia of the Hospital for Diseases of the Throat (fourth edition), and attempt a comparison of Victorian ENT treatments with today's management of ENT diseases. Some of these Victorian treatments bear a resemblance to modern day practices. Others have not withstood the test of time, in particular: silver nitrate sticks for syphilitic ulcers of the larynx (not epistaxis); nebulised sulphuric acid, which was used as a stimulant; nasal bougies, including scotch pine and lead acetate; chloroform vapour for the treatment of hay fever; 'London paste', a non-surgical treatment for the reduction of the tonsils, (which was perhaps the Victorian equivalent of coblation); and zinc chloride darts, which were plunged into intractable goitres. Some of these remedies bear no resemblance to today's evidence-based practices, while other treatments (such as silver nitrate) are still in common use. In Victorian times, however, Mackenzie's books were widely read throughout Europe and were the standard references for a specialty in its infancy. The Pharmacopoeia was published in 1872, and major advances in medicine have been made since then. We have no way of knowing which treatments in today's British National Formulary will still be in use in 140 years.

The top 100 classic papers in lumbar spine surgery.

PubMed

Steinberger, Jeremy; Skovrlj, Branko; Caridi, John M; Cho, Samuel K

2015-05-15

Bibliometric review of the literature. To analyze and quantify the most frequently cited papers in lumbar spine surgery and to measure their impact on the entire lumbar spine literature. Lumbar spine surgery is a dynamic and complex field. Basic science and clinical research remain paramount in understanding and advancing the field. While new literature is published at increasing rates, few studies make long-lasting impacts. The Thomson Reuters Web of Knowledge was searched for citations of all papers relevant to lumbar spine surgery. The number of citations, authorship, year of publication, journal of publication, country of publication, and institution were recorded for each paper. The most cited paper was found to be the classic paper from 1990 by Boden et al that described magnetic resonance imaging findings in individuals without back pain, sciatica, and neurogenic claudication showing that spinal stenosis and herniated discs can be incidentally found when scanning patients. The second most cited study similarly showed that asymptomatic patients who underwent lumbar spine magnetic resonance imaging frequently had lumbar pathology. The third most cited paper was the 2000 publication of Fairbank and Pynsent reviewing the Oswestry Disability Index, the outcome-measure questionnaire most commonly used to evaluate low back pain. The majority of the papers originate in the United States (n=58), and most were published in Spine (n=63). Most papers were published in the 1990s (n=49), and the 3 most common topics were low back pain, biomechanics, and disc degeneration. This report identifies the top 100 papers in lumbar spine surgery and acknowledges those individuals who have contributed the most to the advancement of the study of the lumbar spine and the body of knowledge used to guide evidence-based clinical decision making in lumbar spine surgery today. 3.

The Gift of Time: Today's Academic Acceleration Case Study Voices of Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheibel, Susan Riley

2010-01-01

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine today's academic acceleration from the lived experience and perspectives of two young adults whose education was shortened, thereby allowing them the gift of time. Through personal interviews, parent interviews, and physical artifacts, the researcher gained a complex, holistic understanding…

Symbiogenesis, natural selection, and the dynamic Earth.

PubMed

Kutschera, U

2009-08-01

One century ago, Constantin S. Mereschkowsky introduced the symbiogenesis theory for the origin of chloroplasts from ancient cyanobacteria which was later supplemented by Ivan E. Wallin's proposal that mitochondria evolved from once free-living bacteria. Today, this Mereschkowsky-Wallin principle of symbiogenesis, which is also known as the serial primary endosymbiosis theory, explains the evolutionary origin of eukaryotic cells and hence the emergence of all eukaryotes (protists, fungi, animals and plants). In 1858, the concept of natural selection was described independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred R. Wallace. In the same year, Antonio Snider-Pellegrini proposed the idea of shifting continents, which was later expanded by Alfred Wegener, who published his theory of continental drift eight decades ago. Today, directional selection is accepted as the major cause of adaptive evolution within natural populations of micro- and macro-organisms and the theory of the dynamic Earth (plate tectonics) is well supported. In this article, I combine the processes and principles of symbiogenesis, natural selection and the dynamic Earth and propose an integrative 'synade-model' of macroevolution which takes into account organisms from all five Kingdoms of life.

[Being a family today - ethics for assisted reproductive techniques].

PubMed

Mathieu, S

2013-09-01

Currently in France, all the children born as a result of an assisted reproduction procedure, represent 2.5% of all births. Although this proportion is not high, it is not to be neglected, particularly with regard to the sociological issues raised by assisted reproduction technologies (ART) - i.e. removing anonymity of gamete donation, post mortem insemination, ART access to single women and gay couples, surrogacy - to name four of the most prominent debates. What is new with ART is that a new therapeutic target of medicine is being developed, in other words procreation. Now it is no longer necessary for a man and a woman to resort to sex to have a child. This is a profound questioning of the representation of what appeared to be intangible, with some sort of divine aura. How, in this context, developing an ethics for ART? From a fethnographic field survey, we show here how this ethos of ART develops and how, therefore, we consider the multiple ways of being a family today. Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier SAS.

The Open Access Model of Meteorologische Zeitschrift and other meteorological journals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emeis, S.

2009-09-01

Today's availability and possibilities of the internet have already brought significant changes to the means of scientific communication. This also affects the publication and reception of peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals. In pre-internet times, the publication of scientific journals was mainly financed through subscription fees paid by libraries and other subscribers. The readers went to the libraries of their institution to search, read, and photocopy these papers. Today, everybody expects to have scientific papers more or less freely available on their desktop computers and from their printers. This has forced the publishers to change the financial model for the publication of scientific papers. An increasing number of journals now publish papers whose production costs have to be paid before the publication by the author or its institution. Those "pre-paid” papers are then freely available from the internet. This publication model has become known as "Open Access (OA)” model. Also the 126-year old Meteorologische Zeitschrift has changed its publication model to an Optional Open Access model. The features of this model will be presented and compared to other OA models with meteorological journals. This change in the publication models with a shift of its payment from the end (libraries and subscribers) to the beginning of the publication process (authors) has also confronted the scientific research and funding institutions with some problems. They must now also change their structures in financing one of their major outputs, the publications of their researchers. A few aspects of the present state of this shift will be addressed.

Approaches to the Study of Pragmatism in Today's China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chengbing, Wang

2017-01-01

To explore the key approaches to pragmatism is not only a logical requirement of the development of pragmatism itself, but also necessary for Chinese pragmatism to progress. There are three major necessary and feasible approaches to the study of pragmatism, which will play a very important role in the development of Pragmatism in today's China:…

USA Today: Accentuating the Positive: A Study of the Gannett Flagship Newspaper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, William F.

To investigate whether "USA Today" emphasizes "good news" over "bad news," a study was conducted using 10 randomly selected adults in State College, Pennsylvania, over an 11-week period in 1985. Subjects were asked to rate 248 stories over 45 pages of main news columns in 10 issues on a scale ranging from 1 (very…

The New Rules: How To Succeed in Today's Post-Corporate World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kotter, John P.

The new realities of today's postcorporate world and the new rules for achieving success were examined through a study of the career progress of a sample of 115 individuals who graduated from Harvard in 1974 with a Master's of Business Administration. The members of the study sample completed yearly questionnaires between January 1975 and 1992.…

How to Write a Reproducible Paper

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Irving, D. B.

2016-12-01

The geosciences have undergone a computational revolution in recent decades, to the point where almost all modern research relies heavily on software and code. Despite this profound change in the research methods employed by geoscientists, the reporting of computational results has changed very little in academic journals. This lag has led to something of a reproducibility crisis, whereby it is impossible to replicate and verify most of today's published computational results. While it is tempting to decry the slow response of journals and funding agencies in the face of this crisis, there are very few examples of reproducible research upon which to base new communication standards. In an attempt to address this deficiency, this presentation will describe a procedure for reporting computational results that was employed in a recent Journal of Climate paper. The procedure was developed to be consistent with recommended computational best practices and seeks to minimize the time burden on authors, which has been identified as the most important barrier to publishing code. It should provide a starting point for geoscientists looking to publish reproducible research, and could be adopted by journals as a formal minimum communication standard.

Application of photoacoustic infrared spectroscopy in the forensic analysis of artists' inorganic pigments.

PubMed

von Aderkas, Eleanor L; Barsan, Mirela M; Gilson, Denis F R; Butler, Ian S

2010-12-01

Fourier-transform photoacoustic infrared (PAIR) spectroscopy has been used in the analysis of 12 inorganic pigments commonly in use by artists today, viz., cobalt blue, ultramarine blue, Prussian blue, azurite, malachite, chromium oxide, viridian, cadmium yellow, chrome yellow, iron oxide, yellow ochre and Mars orange. The authenticity of these 12 commercial pigments was first established by recording their Raman spectra. The subsequent PAIR spectra were highly reproducible and matched well in the mid-IR region with previously published data for these pigments. A number of additional overtone and combination bands were also detected that will prove useful in the identification of the pigments in the future. The PAIR technique is a promising and reliable method for the analysis of inorganic pigments, especially since it involves much simpler preparation than is required for conventional IR measurements. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Still going strong: Leeuwenhoek at eighty.

PubMed

Anderson, Douglas

2014-07-01

At age 80, Antony van Leeuwenhoek was a world-famous scientist who came from a prosperous Delft family with a heritage of public service. He continued that tradition by serving in paid municipal offices. Self-taught, he began his scientific career in his 40s, when he began making hundreds of tiny single-lens microscopes. Pioneering the use of now-common microscopic techniques, he was the first human to see microbes and microscopic structures in animals, plants, and minerals. Over 50 years, he wrote only letters, more than 300 of them, and published half of them himself. More than a hundred were published in translation in the Royal Society's Philosophical Transactions. Today, Leeuwenhoek is considered in the lesser rank of scientists and is not well known outside of his homeland. Recent archival research in Delft has contributed new information about his life that helps to contextualize his science, but much remains to be learned.

Answer or Publish - Energizing Online Democracy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antal, Miklós; Mikecz, Dániel

Enhanced communication between citizens and decision makers furthering participation in public decision making is essential to ease today's democratic deficit. However, it is difficult to sort out the most important public inputs from a large number of comments and questions. We propose an online solution to the selection problem by utilizing the general publicity of the internet. In the envisioned practice, decision makers are obliged either to answer citizens' questions or initiatives or to publish the letter received on a publicly accessible web page. The list of unaddressed questions would mean a motivation to consider public inputs without putting unnecessary burdens on decision makers - due to the reliance on the public, their workload would converge to the societal optimum. The proposed method is analyzed in the course of the existing Hungarian e-practices. The idea is found valuable as a restriction for representatives and a relief for some other officials.

Optical character recognition: an illustrated guide to the frontier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagy, George; Nartker, Thomas A.; Rice, Stephen V.

1999-12-01

We offer a perspective on the performance of current OCR systems by illustrating and explaining actual OCR errors made by three commercial devices. After discussing briefly the character recognition abilities of humans and computers, we present illustrated examples of recognition errors. The top level of our taxonomy of the causes of errors consists of Imaging Defects, Similar Symbols, Punctuation, and Typography. The analysis of a series of 'snippets' from this perspective provides insight into the strengths and weaknesses of current systems, and perhaps a road map to future progress. The examples were drawn from the large-scale tests conducted by the authors at the Information Science Research Institute of the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. By way of conclusion, we point to possible approaches for improving the accuracy of today's systems. The talk is based on our eponymous monograph, recently published in The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science, Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999.

76 FR 37549 - Energy Conservation Program: Energy Conservation Standards for Residential Furnaces and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-27

...The Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (EPCA), as amended, prescribes energy conservation standards for various consumer products and certain commercial and industrial equipment, including residential furnaces and residential central air conditioners and heat pumps. EPCA also requires the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to determine whether more-stringent, amended standards for these products would be technologically feasible and economically justified, and would save a significant amount of energy. In this notice, DOE proposes energy conservation standards for residential furnaces and for residential central air conditioners and heat pumps identical to those set forth in a direct final rule published elsewhere in today's Federal Register. If DOE receives adverse comment and determines that such comment may provide a reasonable basis for withdrawing the direct final rule, DOE will publish a notice withdrawing the direct final rule and will proceed with this proposed rule.

Teleglaucoma: ready to go?

PubMed

Strouthidis, N G; Chandrasekharan, G; Diamond, J P; Murdoch, I E

2014-12-01

Telemedicine technologies and services allow today's ophthalmic clinicians to remotely diagnose, manage and monitor several ophthalmic conditions from a distance. But is this the case for glaucomas? There has been a proliferation of telemedicine friendly devices in recent years that improves the capabilities of the clinician in managing glaucomas. The existing instruments still need to align themselves with accepted industry standards. There are successful programmes running in several areas of the world. The safety and efficacy of these programmes needs further exploration. The inability of a single device or test to diagnose glaucomas satisfactorily has also hampered progress in remotely diagnosing these conditions. There is, however, significant potential for telemedicine-friendly devices to remotely monitor the progress of glaucoma and, thereby, reduce some of the workload on an overstretched health service. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Open and Distance Learning Today. Routledge Studies in Distance Education Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lockwood, Fred, Ed.

This book contains the following papers on open and distance learning today: "Preface" (Daniel); "Big Bang Theory in Distance Education" (Hawkridge); "Practical Agenda for Theorists of Distance Education" (Perraton); "Trends, Directions and Needs: A View from Developing Countries" (Koul); "American…

Complications and comorbidities of T2DM in adolescents: findings from the TODAY clinical trial

PubMed Central

Tryggestad, Jeanie B.; Willi, Steven M.

2014-01-01

Summary With the rise in childhood obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been recognized to occur in adolescents with increasing frequency. Although much is known about T2DM in adults, few studies have examined the treatment and complications of T2DM in youth. The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study was designed to evaluate the efficacy of various treatments and provided a unique opportunity to study the disease progression and appearance of complications in a pediatric cohort with recent onset of the disease. In the TODAY study, hypertension was present in 11.6% of the population at baseline and increased to 33.8% by the end of the study. Prevalence of high-risk LDL-cholesterol rose from 4.5% at baseline to 10.7% at the end of the study. Microalbuminuria was found in 6.3% of the cohort at baseline and increased to 16.6%. Retinopathy was not assessed upon entry into TODAY, but was present in 13.9% of the TODAY cohort at the end of the study. Experience to date indicates that these complications and comorbidities are similar to that seen in adults, but occur on an accelerated timeline. The early manifestation of diabetes complications in youth-onset T2DM suggests that this group will be burdened with the tangible consequences of cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, and retinopathy in the third and fourth decades of life. It is hoped that through an early, aggressive approach to treatment and prevention, we may be able to curb the onset and progression of these potentially devastating outcomes. PMID:25468310

[Benefits of using the cutometer to evaluate the effectiveness of skin treatments in plastic and maxillofacial surgery].

PubMed

Stroumza, N; Bosc, R; Hersant, B; Hermeziu, O; Meningaud, J-P

2015-04-01

Evaluating skin properties is often too subjective. Using the cutometer allows one to take objective measures of certain mechanic properties of the skin such as visco-elasticity. The aim of this article is to evaluate through a review of existing literature the advantages and the limits of the cutometer and to propose an improvement. The selection of articles has been conducted with the PubMed database in order to identify all publications concerning the cutometer up until September 2013. The analysis criteria were: (1) quantitative distribution of articles from the first publication until today; (2) qualitative distribution over the various medical fields. The articles have been organized in 3 groups: medical, surgical and burns; (3) list of biases in the interpretation of results and limits of this measuring tool. One hundred and twenty-nine publications have been included. The first article regarding the cutometer was published in 1994. We observe an increase in the number of publications after 2005. Most of the articles were published in medical journals of dermatology or cosmetology (83%), only 9% of articles have been published in burn study journals and 8% in surgical journals. The pressure applied by the experimenter constitutes the main measure bias. The use of an external device maintaining the probe with an invariable pressure corresponding to its own weight enables more reliable results all the while limiting the inter- and intra-individual variability. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Retrospective analysis of natural products provides insights for future discovery trends.

PubMed

Pye, Cameron R; Bertin, Matthew J; Lokey, R Scott; Gerwick, William H; Linington, Roger G

2017-05-30

Understanding of the capacity of the natural world to produce secondary metabolites is important to a broad range of fields, including drug discovery, ecology, biosynthesis, and chemical biology, among others. Both the absolute number and the rate of discovery of natural products have increased significantly in recent years. However, there is a perception and concern that the fundamental novelty of these discoveries is decreasing relative to previously known natural products. This study presents a quantitative examination of the field from the perspective of both number of compounds and compound novelty using a dataset of all published microbial and marine-derived natural products. This analysis aimed to explore a number of key questions, such as how the rate of discovery of new natural products has changed over the past decades, how the average natural product structural novelty has changed as a function of time, whether exploring novel taxonomic space affords an advantage in terms of novel compound discovery, and whether it is possible to estimate how close we are to having described all of the chemical space covered by natural products. Our analyses demonstrate that most natural products being published today bear structural similarity to previously published compounds, and that the range of scaffolds readily accessible from nature is limited. However, the analysis also shows that the field continues to discover appreciable numbers of natural products with no structural precedent. Together, these results suggest that the development of innovative discovery methods will continue to yield compounds with unique structural and biological properties.

Earthquake warning system for Japan Railways’ bullet train; implications for disaster prevention in California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakamura, Y.; Tucker, B. E.

1988-01-01

Today, Japanese society is well aware of the prediction of the Tokai earthquake. It is estimated by the Tokyo earthquake. It is estimated by the Tokyo muncipal government that this predicted earthquake could kill 30,000 people. (this estimate is viewed by many as conservative; other Japanese government agencies have made estimates but they have not been published.) Reduction in the number deaths from 120,000 to 30,000 between the Kanto earthquake and the predicted Tokai earthquake is due in large part to the reduction in the proportion of wooden construction (houses). 

Julius Sachs (1832–1897) and the Unity of Life

PubMed Central

Kutschera, Ulrich; Baluška, František

2015-01-01

In 1865, the German botanist Julius Sachs published a seminal monograph entitled Experimental-Physiologie der Pflanzen (Experimental Physiology of Plants) and hence became the founder of a new scientific discipline that originated 150 y ago. Here, we outline the significance of the achievements of Sachs. In addition, we document, with reference to his Vorlesungen über Pflanzen-Physiologie (Lectures on the Physiology of Plants, 1882), that Sachs was one of the first experimentalists who proposed the functional unity of all organisms alive today (humans, animals, plants and other “vegetable” organisms, such as algae, cyanophyceae, fungi, myxomycetes, and bacteria). PMID:26359706

From criminals to celebrities: perceptions of "the addict" in the print press from four European countries from nineties to today.

PubMed

Beccaria, Franca; Rolando, Sara; Hellman, Matilda; Bujalski, Michal; Lemmens, Paul

2015-03-01

The article reviews portrayals of "the addict" in press items from Italy, Finland, Poland, and The Netherlands. The dataset consists of 1,327 items from four national newspapers published in 1991, 1998, 2011. The portrayals varied according to country, period, and type of addiction problem. Results can be read as four cases where different conceptualizations ("the sinner," "the sick," "the social problem," "the criminal," and "the famous") assume diverse importance. These conceptual frames-of-reference are clearly neither unambiguous nor fixed. They are constantly modified and part of different trends.

Rolling-Bearing Service Life Based on Probable Cause for Removal: A Tutorial

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaretsky, Erwin V.; Branzai, Emanuel V.

2017-01-01

In 1947 and 1952, Gustaf Lundberg and Arvid Palmgren developed what is now referred to as the Lundberg-Palmgren Model for Rolling Bearing Life Prediction based on classical rolling-element fatigue. Today, bearing fatigue probably accounts for less than 5 percent of bearings removed from service for cause. A bearing service life prediction methodology and tutorial indexed to eight probable causes for bearing removal, including fatigue, are presented, which incorporate strict series reliability; Weibull statistical analysis; available published field data from the Naval Air Rework Facility; and 224,000 rolling-element bearings removed for rework from commercial aircraft engines.

Genetic tumor profiling and genetically targeted cancer therapy.

PubMed

Goetsch, Cathleen M

2011-02-01

To discuss how understanding and manipulation of tumor genetics information and technology shapes cancer care today and what changes might be expected in the near future. Published articles, web resources, clinical practice. Advances in our understanding of genes and their regulation provide a promise of more personalized cancer care, allowing selection of the most safe and effective therapy in an individual situation. Rapid progress in the technology of tumor profiling and targeted cancer therapies challenges nurses to keep up-to-date to provide quality patient education and care. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Study of Teachers' Paradigms of the "China Today" Module in Hong Kong under One Country and Two Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yau, Dick Tak-sang

2009-01-01

Background: During the period of British colonial rule, the nature of civic education in Hong Kong was characterized as denationalized, depoliticized and decontextualized. The 1984 Sino-British Joint Declaration substantially altered the nature of civic education. The "China Today" module of Liberal Studies (LS) was one of the results…

Using a Blog to Facilitate Extensive Reading: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chew, Magdalene Meow Khee; Lee, Catherine Cheng Kiat

2013-01-01

Research shows that extensive reading (ER) has many benefits for language acquisition. The challenge today is making ER appealing to the digital generation. For a possible solution, it is pertinent to look to the social media embraced by today's youths. This study was conducted to explore the use of the blog as a space for sharing peer-selected…

ZikaBase: An integrated ZIKV- Human Interactome Map database.

PubMed

Gurumayum, Sanathoi; Brahma, Rahul; Naorem, Leimarembi Devi; Muthaiyan, Mathavan; Gopal, Jeyakodi; Venkatesan, Amouda

2018-01-15

Re-emergence of ZIKV has caused infections in more than 1.5 million people. The molecular mechanism and pathogenesis of ZIKV is not well explored due to unavailability of adequate model and lack of publically accessible resources to provide information of ZIKV-Human protein interactome map till today. This study made an attempt to curate the ZIKV-Human interaction proteins from published literatures and RNA-Seq data. 11 direct interaction, 12 associated genes are retrieved from literatures and 3742 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) are obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. The genes have been analyzed to construct the ZIKV-Human Interactome Map. The importance of the study has been illustrated by the enrichment analysis and observed that direct interaction and associated genes are enriched in viral entry into host cell. Also, ZIKV infection modulates 32% signal and 27% immune system pathways. The integrated database, ZikaBase has been developed to help the virology research community and accessible at https://test5.bicpu.edu.in. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effectiveness of Anonymization Methods in Preserving Patients' Privacy: A Systematic Literature Review.

PubMed

Langarizadeh, Mostafa; Orooji, Azam; Sheikhtaheri, Abbas

2018-01-01

An ever growing for application of electronic health records (EHRs) has improved healthcare providers' communications, access to data for secondary use and promoted the quality of services. Patient's privacy has been changed to a great issue today since there are large loads of critical information in EHRs. Therefore, many privacy preservation techniques have been proposed and anonymization is a common one. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of anonymization in preserving patients' privacy. The articles published in the 2005-2016 were included. Pubmed, Cochrane, IEEE and ScienceDirect were searched with a variety of related keywords. Finally, 18 articles were included. In the present study, the relevant anonymization issues were investigated in four categories: secondary use of anonymized data, re-identification risk, anonymization effect on information extraction and inadequacy of current methods for different document types. The results revealed that though anonymization cannot reduce the risk of re-identification to zero, if implemented correctly, can manage to help preserve patient's privacy.

Sex Genotyping of Archival Fixed and Immunolabeled Guinea Pig Cochleas.

PubMed

Depreux, Frédéric F; Czech, Lyubov; Whitlon, Donna S

2018-03-26

For decades, outbred guinea pigs (GP) have been used as research models. Various past research studies using guinea pigs used measures that, unknown at the time, may be sex-dependent, but from which today, archival tissues may be all that remain. We aimed to provide a protocol for sex-typing archival guinea pig tissue, whereby past experiments could be re-evaluated for sex effects. No PCR sex-genotyping protocols existed for GP. We found that published sequence of the GP Sry gene differed from that in two separate GP stocks. We used sequences from other species to deduce PCR primers for Sry. After developing a genomic DNA extraction for archival, fixed, decalcified, immunolabeled, guinea pig cochlear half-turns, we used a multiplex assay (Y-specific Sry; X-specific Dystrophin) to assign sex to tissue as old as 3 years. This procedure should allow reevaluation of prior guinea pig studies in various research areas for the effects of sex on experimental outcomes.

Barriers to the universal adoption of bilateral internal mammary artery grafting.

PubMed

Umakanthan, Jeremiah; Jeyakumar, Panch; Umakanthan, Branavan; Jeyakumar, Nikeshan; Senthilkumar, Nadarajah; Saraswathy, Mathioli R; Umakanthan, Padminidevi; Umakanthan, Janani; Sial, Tamoor; Abrina, Sofia; Buendia, Frances M; Pan, Irene; Kamath, Ramadas K; Pathmarajah, Canagaratnam; Sivalingam, Kanagaratnam; Nathan, Shan A; Sunder, Shun K; Mahendra, Tom; Umakanthan, Ramanan

2015-04-01

The left internal mammary artery (LIMA) graft is considered the "gold standard" of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). This conduit provides increased survival, symptomatic relief, increased freedom from myocardial infarction, and increased freedom from re-intervention when compared to saphenous venous grafting. It has a remarkable long term patency rate with clinical and angiographic outcomes that are unmatched by other conduits. Given the fact that patients often require more than one graft during a coronary revascularization procedure, the prospect of bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) grafting has been very appealing to some surgeons. BIMA grafting has been extensively studied via multiple retrospective and prospective cohort studies and findings have indicated that BIMA grafting can have an increased survival benefit when compared to LIMA grafting alone. As a result, this technique has accrued increasing popularity over the course of the last decade. Yet, questions still remain on whether BIMA grafting is the optimal treatment modality for patients in terms of long-term prognosis. There is limited data at the present time from randomized controlled trials and only 4-12% of CABGs performed today utilize BIMA grafting. Concerns regarding perioperative complications, which patient subsets are at higher risks for complications from the technique, and the technical challenges involved in utilizing and teaching the technique have limited its widespread use. Copyright © 2015 IJS Publishing Group Limited. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cancer Phytotherapy

PubMed Central

Bahmani, Mahmood; Shirzad, Hedayatollah; Shahinfard, Najmeh; Sheivandi, Laaleh; Rafieian-Kopaei, Mahmoud

2016-01-01

Nowadays, increases in resistance of tumors to the current therapeutic agents have become a problematic issue. Therefore, efforts to discover new anticancer compounds with high sensitivity of cancer cells are extending. Animal and laboratory researches have shown that exogenous antioxidants are able to help prevent the free radical damage associated with the development of cancer. However, researches in human beings have not demonstrated convincingly that taking antioxidants can reduce the risk of developing cancer. Angiogenesis is also a natural condition that controls the formation of new blood vessels from the available vessels. Today, it is believed that most of the cancers have angiogenesis potential and their growth, metastasis, and invasion depend on angiogenesis. Several compounds with plant origin and with anti-angiogenic properties have been identified. The aim of this study is to review recently published articles about anticancer drugs obtained from plants with antioxidant and anti-angiogenesis properties. PMID:26753686

Polish Scientists in Fish Immunology: A Short History.

PubMed

Van Muiswinkel, Willem B; Pilarczyk, Andrzej

2015-11-11

This review describes the role played by Polish scientists in the field of fish immunology and vaccination starting around 1900. In the early days, most publications were dealing with a description of relevant cells and organs in fish. Functional studies (phagocytosis, antibody response) came later starting in the late 1930s. Detailed papers on fish vaccination were published from 1970 onwards. Another important development was the unraveling of neuro-endocrine-immune interactions in the 1970s until today. Around 1980, it became more and more clear how important immunomodulation (stimulation or suppression by environmental factors, food components, drugs) was for fish health. The most recent findings are focusing on the discovery of genetic factors, signaling molecules, and receptors, which play a crucial role in the immune response. It can be concluded, that Polish scientists made considerable contributions to our present understanding of fish immunity and to applications in aquaculture worldwide.

[Radiotherapy phase I trials' methodology: Features].

PubMed

Rivoirard, R; Vallard, A; Langrand-Escure, J; Guy, J-B; Ben Mrad, M; Yaoxiong, X; Diao, P; Méry, B; Pigne, G; Rancoule, C; Magné, N

2016-12-01

In clinical research, biostatistical methods allow the rigorous analysis of data collection and should be defined from the trial design to obtain the appropriate experimental approach. Thus, if the main purpose of phase I is to determine the dose to use during phase II, methodology should be finely adjusted to experimental treatment(s). Today, the methodology for chemotherapy and targeted therapy is well known. For radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy phase I trials, the primary endpoint must reflect both effectiveness and potential treatment toxicities. Methodology should probably be complex to limit failures in the following phases. However, there are very few data about methodology design in the literature. The present study focuses on these particular trials and their characteristics. It should help to raise existing methodological patterns shortcomings in order to propose new and better-suited designs. Copyright © 2016 Société française de radiothérapie oncologique (SFRO). Published by Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved.

Selected literature on water-resources investigations in New Jersey by the U.S. Geological Survey, through 1986

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schaefer, F. L.

1987-01-01

Because of the importance and complexity of the water resources of New Jersey today, there is a need for a current bibliography to serve as a basis for future water resources studies. This report lists about 400 book reports, map reports, and articles that deal with the water resources of New Jersey published through 1986. The publications are grouped under three major headings: (1) publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, (2) publications of State agencies prepared by or in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey, and (3) other publications, such as technical journals prepared by or co-authored by U.S. Geological Survey personnel. Most of the publications are available for inspection at the West Trenton office of the U.S. Geologic Survey and at large public and university libraries. Ordering information is given for those publications that are for sale. (USGS)

The effects of therapeutic touch on pain.

PubMed

Monroe, Carolyn Magdalen

2009-06-01

To better understand how Therapeutic Touch can be used in today's health care arena, this integrative literature review will examine current research that will help answer the question, Does Therapeutic Touch reduce pain? An extensive search was conducted of the online databases MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsychLIT, and PubMed to retrieve research articles published from 1997 to 2007. Seven studies that were conducted between 1997 and 2004 were found and only five of the seven were included as pertinent evidence to answer the question. All of the research that was reviewed to answer whether Therapeutic Touch could significantly reduce pain revealed a majority of statistically significant positive results for implementing this intervention. Because there are no identified risks to Therapeutic Touch as a pain relief measure, it is safe to recommend despite the limitations of current research. Therapeutic Touch should be considered among the many possible nursing interventions for the treatment of pain.

The evolution of policy and actions to tackle obesity in England.

PubMed

Jebb, S A; Aveyard, P N; Hawkes, C

2013-11-01

Tackling obesity has been a policy priority in England for more than 20 years. Two formal government strategies on obesity in 2008 and 2011 drew together a range of actions and developed new initiatives to fill perceived gaps. Today, a wide range of policies are in place, including support for breastfeeding and healthy weaning practices, nutritional standards in schools, restrictions on marketing foods high in fat, sugar and salt to children, schemes to boost participation in sport, active travel plans, and weight management services. Data from annual surveys show that the rate of increase in obesity has attenuated in recent years, but has not yet been reversed. This paper considers the actions taken and what is known about the impact of individual policies and the overarching strategy to tackle obesity in England. © 2013 The Authors. Obesity Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Obesity.

Gendered spaces, gendered pages: Union women in Civil War nurse narratives.

PubMed

Telford, Jennifer Casavant; Long, Thomas Lawrence

2012-12-01

This interdisciplinary analysis joins literary and culture studies with history using Daphne Spain's theory of gendered spaces. Specifically, we examine the reconfiguration of the spaces of military medical work and of book publishing that produced popular literary representations of those medical spaces. As a social historian of nursing and a scholar of American literature and culture, we argue that the examination of Civil War narratives by or about Northern female nurses surveys a landscape in which women penetrated the masculine spaces of the military hospital and the literary spaces of the wartime narrative. In so doing, these women transformed these spaces into places acknowledging and even relying upon what had been traditionally considered male domains. Like many historiographical papers written about nurses and the impact of their practice over time, this work is relevant to those practicing nursing today, specifically those issues related to professional authority and professional autonomy.

Polish Scientists in Fish Immunology: A Short History

PubMed Central

Van Muiswinkel, Willem B.; Pilarczyk, Andrzej

2015-01-01

This review describes the role played by Polish scientists in the field of fish immunology and vaccination starting around 1900. In the early days, most publications were dealing with a description of relevant cells and organs in fish. Functional studies (phagocytosis, antibody response) came later starting in the late 1930s. Detailed papers on fish vaccination were published from 1970 onwards. Another important development was the unraveling of neuro-endocrine-immune interactions in the 1970s until today. Around 1980, it became more and more clear how important immunomodulation (stimulation or suppression by environmental factors, food components, drugs) was for fish health. The most recent findings are focusing on the discovery of genetic factors, signaling molecules, and receptors, which play a crucial role in the immune response. It can be concluded, that Polish scientists made considerable contributions to our present understanding of fish immunity and to applications in aquaculture worldwide. PMID:26569323

Pharmacological treatment of refugees with trauma-related disorders: What do we know today?

PubMed

Sonne, Charlotte; Carlsson, Jessica; Bech, Per; Mortensen, Erik Lykke

2017-04-01

There is a dearth of evidence on the effectiveness of pharmacological treatment for refugees with trauma-related disorders. The present paper provides an overview of available literature on the subject and discusses the transferability of results from studies on other groups of patients with post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). We conducted a systematic review of published treatment outcome studies on PTSD and depression among refugees. Fifteen studies were identified and reviewed. Most studies focused on the use of antidepressants. Included studies differed widely in method and quality. The majority were observational studies and case studies. Small sample sizes limited the statistical power. Few studies reported effect sizes, confidence intervals, and statistical significance of findings. No specific pharmacological treatment for PTSD among refugees can be recommended on the basis of the available literature. There is a need for well-designed clinical trials, especially with newer antidepressants and antipsychotics. Until such studies are available, clinical practice and design of trials can be guided by results from studies of other groups of PTSD patients, although differences in pharmacogenetics, compliance, and trauma reactions may affect the direct transferability of results from studies on nonrefugee populations.

50th anniversary of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine--a historical overview.

PubMed

Körber, Friedrich; Plebani, Mario

2013-01-01

In the early 1960s, Joachim Brugsch, one of the founders of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) (then Zeitschrift für Klinische Chemie), had the idea to found a journal in the upcoming field of clinical chemistry. He approached Ernst Schütte, who was associated with the De Gruyter publishing house through another journal, to participate, and Schütte thus became the second founder of this Journal. The aim was to create a vehicle allowing the experts to express their opinions and raise their voices more clearly than they could in a journal that publishes only original experimental papers, a laborious and difficult, but important endeavor, as the profession of clinical chemistry was still in the early stages of development at this time. The first issue of this Journal was published in early 1963, and today, we are proud to celebrate the 50th anniversary of CCLM. This review describes the development of this Journal in light of the political situation of the time when it was founded, the situation of the publisher Walter De Gruyter after the erection of the Berlin Wall, and the development of clinical chemistry, and later on, laboratory medicine as a well-acknowledged discipline and profession.

Double Star Research: A Student-Centered Community of Practice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Jolyon

2016-06-01

Project and team-based pedagogies are increasingly augmenting lecture-style science classrooms. Occasionally, university professors will invite students to tangentially partcipate in their research. Since 2006, Dr. Russ Genet has led an astronomy research seminar for community college and high school students that allows participants to work closely with a melange of professional and advanced amatuer researchers. The vast majority of topics have centered on measuring the position angles and searations of double stars which can be readily published in the Journal of Double Star Observations. In the intervening years, a collaborative community of practice (Wenger, 1998) formed with the students as lead researchers on their projects with the guidance of experienced astronomers and educators. The students who join the research seminar are often well prepared for further STEM education in college and career. Today, the research seminar involves multile schools in multiple states with a volunteer educator acting as an assistant instructor at each location. These assistant instructors interface with remote observatories, ensure progress is made, and recruit students. The key deliverables from each student team include a published research paper and a public presentation online or in-person. Citing a published paper on scholarship and college applications gives students' educational carreers a boost. Recently the Journal of Double Star Observations published its first special issue of exlusively student-centered research.

Biologic effects of interferons.

PubMed

Gresser, I

1990-12-01

If one were to review articles on IFN published between 1957 and 1967 it would become apparent that virtually none of the tenets held then are still valid today. Whereas IFN was long considered to be a specific antiviral substance without any effect on normal cellular metabolism, we accept today that it affects normal cell division and many specialized cellular functions. In this respect it is not unique; IFN is a prototype of a family of similar substances now called cytokines that all appear to function as regulatory molecules. It was held that the production of IFN constituted a specific response to a viral infection. Today we believe that IFN is an integral part of a cytokine network and that they and other cytokines may be produced constitutively at low levels. These substances exert multiple effects on virtually all cells. They play an important role in host defense against viral and parasitic infections, and in the resistance to experimental tumors. IFN can be shown to exert effects on the immune system and on lymphocyte circulation. Lastly, because of the multiplicity of their biologic effects, they may even contribute to the pathogenesis of certain diseases. Thus, when large amounts of IFN are administered or induced in newborn mice they can cause liver, kidney, and pulmonary disease. The field of IFN and cytokine research continues to expand and there is an increasing number of therapeutic applications. Twenty years from now, scientists and clinicians may be surprised that we understood so little of how IFN act and how inadequately we used them to treat disease.

Getting Personal? Student Talk about Racism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Epstein, Shira Eve; Lipschultz, Jessica

2012-01-01

This research explores student responses to Beyond Today, an after school program that brings youth together from diverse urban neighborhoods to form a multiracial community. Through the enacted curriculum, Beyond Today facilitators scaffold opportunities for students to study race and racial discrimination in historical and contemporary contexts.…

From the Podium to the PC: A Study on Various Modalities of Lecture Delivery within an Undergraduate Basic Pharmacology Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancaster, Jason W.; McQueeney, Maureen L.

2011-01-01

Background: The need to evolve with our ever-changing student bodies has never been as great as it is today, particularly given the advanced technological aptitude of today's students. Purpose: This retrospective study evaluates student outcomes as they relate to overall course score and composite quiz and examination scores from a basic…

Are Canadian Seniors Becoming More Active? Empirical Evidence Based on Time-Use Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Victorino, Charlemaigne C.; Gauthier, A. H.

2005-01-01

In this study, we examine trends in the patterns of time use of seniors in Canada since the 1980s. In particular, we ask whether today's seniors devote more, or less, time to productive activities than 20 years ago. Our inquiry is motivated by the claims that today's seniors are not engaged in "active aging." This study uses data from a…

Innovations in management of cardiac disease: drugs, treatment strategies and technology.

PubMed

Foëx, P

2017-12-01

Within the last generation, the management of patients with heart disease has been transformed by advances in drug treatments, interventions and diagnostic technologies. The management of arterial hypertension saw beta-blockers demoted from first- to third-line treatment. Recent studies suggest that the goal of treatment may have to change to lower systolic blood pressures to prevent long-term organ damage. Today less than 15% of coronary revascularizations are surgical and more than 85% are done by interventional cardiologists inserting coronary stents. Thus, managing patients on dual antiplatelet therapy has become an important issue. With new generations of coronary stents, recommendations are changing fast. In the past, decisions concerning non-cardiac surgery after acute myocardial infarction were based on the delay between infarction and non-cardiac surgery. Today, the main concern is the patient's status in respect of dual antiplatelet therapy after primary percutaneous intervention. There have been advances in the management of heart failure but new drugs (ivabradine, sacubitril/valsartan) and cardiac resynchronization are recommended only in patients with an ejection fraction below 35% on optimal medication. Heart failure remains a major perioperative risk factor. Prospective studies have shown that troponin elevations represent myocardial injury (not necessarily myocardial infarction), are mostly silent and are associated with increased 30-day mortality. Monitoring (troponin assays) for myocardial injury in non-cardiac surgery (MINS) seems increasingly justified. The treatment of MINS needs further research. Technological advances, such as intelligent, portable monitors benefit not only patients with cardiac disease but all patients who have undergone major surgery and are on the wards postoperatively. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Journal of Anaesthesia. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Child abuse as a predictor of gendered sexual orientation disparities in body mass index trajectories among U.S. youth from the Growing Up Today Study.

PubMed

Katz-Wise, Sabra L; Jun, Hee-Jin; Corliss, Heather L; Jackson, Benita; Haines, Jess; Austin, S Bryn

2014-06-01

This research aimed to explain sexual orientation disparities in body mass index (BMI) by examining child abuse history, weight-related behaviors, and sociodemographics. We used data from 7,960 females and 5,992 males from the prospective Growing Up Today Study over nine waves between 1996 (ages 12-14 years) and 2007 (ages 20-25 years). Using repeated measures of BMI (kg/m(2)) as a continuous outcome, gender-stratified latent quadratic growth models adjusted for child abuse history, weight-related behaviors, and sociodemographics. BMI at age 17 years (intercept) and 1-year change in BMI (slope) are reported. Bisexual females had higher BMI at age 17 years (β = 1.59, 95% CI = 1.00-2.18) and displayed greater one-year increases in BMI (β = .09, 95% CI = .03-.14), compared with completely heterosexual females. Gay males displayed smaller 1-year increases in BMI (β = -.19, 95% CI = -.25 to -.12), compared with completely heterosexual males. No sexual orientation differences in BMI at age 17 years were observed for males, but gay males' BMI at age 25 was less than completely heterosexual males' BMI by 2 units. Among females, sexual orientation differences remained but were slightly attenuated after controlling for child abuse history, weight-related behaviors, and sociodemographics. Among males, the addition of child abuse and weight-related behaviors did not change the estimated difference in 1-year BMI increases. Sexual orientation differences in BMI were partly explained by child abuse and weight-related behaviors in females. More research is needed to explore additional drivers of these disparities among both females and males. Copyright © 2014 Society for Adolescent Health and Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Neogene paleoelevation of intermontane basins in a narrow, compressional mountain range, southern Central Andes of Argentina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoke, Gregory D.; Giambiagi, Laura B.; Garzione, Carmala N.; Mahoney, J. Brian; Strecker, Manfred R.

2014-11-01

The topographic growth of mountain ranges at convergent margins results from the complex interaction between the motion of lithospheric plates, crustal shortening, rock uplift and exhumation. Constraints on the timing and magnitude of elevation change gleaned from isotopic archives preserved in sedimentary sequences provide insight into how these processes interact over different timescales to create topography and potentially decipher the impact of topography on atmospheric circulation and superposed exhumation. This study uses stable isotope data from pedogenic carbonates collected from seven different stratigraphic sections spanning different tectonic and topographic positions in the range today, to examine the middle to late Miocene history of elevation change in the central Andes thrust belt, which is located immediately to the south of the Altiplano-Puna Plateau, the world's second largest orogenic plateau. Paleoelevations are calculated using previously published local isotope-elevation gradients observed in modern rainfall and carbonate-formation temperatures determined from clumped isotope studies in modern soils. Calculated Neogene basin paleoelevations are between 1 km and 1.9 km for basins that today are located between 1500 and 3400 m elevation. Considering the modern elevation and δ18O values of precipitation at the sampling sites, three of the intermontane basins experienced surface uplift between the end of deposition during the late Miocene and present. The timing of elevation change cannot be linked to any documented episodes of large-magnitude crustal shortening. Paradoxically, the maximum inferred surface uplift in the core of the range is greatest where the crust is thinnest. The spatial pattern of surface uplift is best explained by eastward migration of a crustal root via ductile deformation in the lower crust and is not related to flat-slab subduction.

Stable Isotope Evidence for North Pacific Deep Water Formation during the mid-Pliocene Warm Period

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ford, H. L.; Burls, N.; Hodell, D. A.

2017-12-01

Only intermediate water forms in the North Pacific today because of a strong halocline. A recent climate modeling study suggests that conditions during the mid-Pliocene warm period ( 3 Ma), a time interval used as pseudo-analogue for future climate change, could have supported a Pacific Meridional Overturning Circulation (PMOC) in the North Pacific. This modeled PMOC is of comparable strength to the modern Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. To investigate the possibility of a mid-Pliocene PMOC, we studied a depth transect of sites between 2400 to 3400 m water depth on Shatsky Rise by measuring δ18O and δ13C of Cibicidoides wuellerstorfi and comparing these new results with previously published records. Today, the vertical δ13C gradient has lower values at mid-depths because of the presence of aged water at the "end of the ocean conveyor belt." We find that the vertical δ13C gradient was reduced, and slightly reversed during the Pliocene interval on Shatsky Rise relative to modern. This δ13C data supports the modeling results that there was deep water formation in the North Pacific. On the Shatsky Rise, the mid-depth δ18O values are high relative to the deep site and other high-resolution records in the Equatorial Pacific. This suggests the PMOC water mass was colder and/or had a more enriched seawater δ18O than the surrounding waters. Planned future work includes minor and trace element analyses to determine the temperature and ΔCO32- characteristics of the PMOC water mass. Our results suggest a ventilated North Pacific during the globally warm mid-Pliocene.

Said another way: stroke, evolution, and the rainforests: an ancient approach to modern health care.

PubMed

Collins, Christopher

2007-01-01

The relatively new discipline of evolutionary medicine. To raise awareness among healthcare professionals that our modern view of illness and health care might be flawed. Published literature in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Cochrane databases, and EMBASE. Our modern lifestyles and healthcare paradigms (using stroke as example), may be at odds with our palaeolithic genome. The dietary regimes of remaining hunter-gatherer communities merit attention and study in this regard. Time is running out as the rainforests dwindle and hunter-gatherer communities are acculturated. The selective forces that resulted in the evolution of the human species were mainly environmental. Our metabolism, physiology, and genome, therefore, are geared towards survival under certain environmental parameters. With the advent of agriculture, almost 11,000 years ago, those parameters changed. Our ancestors' lifestyles transformed from wandering hunter-gatherers to sedentary consumers of more than they needed to survive. Many studies link today's prevalence of metabolic syndrome (diabetes, obesity, and cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases) in developed countries with this historic change in human behavior. If this is a valid correlation to make, then the few remaining hunter-gatherer communities in today's rainforests must surely hold the key to human health. Certainly, physiological parameters in these people are impressive, but trends are worrying. There is clear derangement of these parameters when exposed to any degree of acculturated lifestyle. In addition, the natural homelands of these communities, the rainforests, are dwindling at an alarming rate in order to maintain our acculturated norms. The race is on, therefore, to learn what we can about diet, exercise, and natural medicine from the last few humans who live lifestyles that might be closest to our natural state.

Creating Global Citizens through Study Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bellamy, Carol; Weinberg, Adam

2006-01-01

One of the greatest challenges for a student today is how to live as a responsible citizen in a globalizing world. Today's interconnected world cannot afford bystanders or passive participants. It demands confident, skilled citizens who will make responsible choices that take into consideration how educators allocate resources and what impact…

[Speculations on Nutrition Education for the Next Generation].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAfee, Donald C.

Analyzing the changing needs of young people today can be helpful in designing future nutrition education programs. Studies indicate that 40 percent of today's 18-26 year olds have considerably different values/attitudes from past values/attitudes. Technology may determine what is possible, but values and attitudes determine what people will…

Cardiac biomarkers in youth with type 2 diabetes mellitus: Results from the Today Study

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

To examine cardiac biomarkers over time in youth-onset type 2 diabetes, and relate serum concentrations to cardiovascular disease risk factors, and left ventricular structure and function. TODAY (Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth) was a multicenter randomized trial of 3 ...

Today's College Students: Going First Class on the Titanic.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Arthur

1981-01-01

There is a sense among today's students that they are passengers on a sinking ship, even though they are optimistic about their own futures. A new curriculum including interdisciplinary study, majors in problems rather than disciplines, career internships, and theses is proposed to counter student attitudes. (MSE)

The U.S. Constitution in Today's World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patrick, John J.

A comparative study of constitutions and governments in world history is a key to deeper understanding of the U.S. Constitution. While many countries have constitutions, the United States is among a minority of nations in today's world that has a constitutional government. Many nations' constitutions truly guarantee few protections of individual…

Design Considerations for Today's Online Learners: A Study of Personalized, Relationship-Based Social Awareness Information

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heo, Misook

2009-01-01

This article examined online learners' preferences in personalized, relationship-based social awareness information sharing in course management systems. Three hundred seventy-seven online learners' willingness to share social awareness information was measured through a national survey. Results indicated that today's online learners are open…

Who We Are: Today's Students Speak Out

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blandford, Ayoka

2012-01-01

Today's students have been nicknamed the "Digital Generation," "Millennials," "Net Generation" and "Generation Next." They are frequently identified by their technological prowess and seem to work well with multiple stimuli (for example, designing a web site while listening to iTunes and responding to texts). While many research studies have been…

Hahnemann and placebo.

PubMed

Jütte, Robert

2014-07-01

Samuel Hahnemann (1755-1843) known today as the founder of homoeopathy, was - as far as we know - the first physician who administrated placebos to his patient on a systematic and regular basis. This study is based upon unpublished documents (e.g. patients' letters) in the Archives of the Institute for the History of Medicine of the Robert Bosch Foundation in Stuttgart. It also profited from the critical edition of Hahnemann's case journals and the editorial comments which have also been published in this series. Hahnemann differentiated clearly between homeopathic drugs and pharmaceutical substances which he considered as sham medicine (e.g. milk sugar). A close look at Hahnemann's case journals reveals that the percentage of placebo prescriptions was very high (between 54 and 85 percent). In most instances Hahnemann marked placebos with the paragraph symbol (§). The rationale behind this practice was that Hahnemann had encountered the well-known problem that patients were used to taking medicine on a daily basis as it was typical for the age of heroic medicine. The main reason for giving placebo was therefore to please the impatient patient who was used to frequent medications in allopathic medicine, not only every day but sometimes also hourly. Copyright © 2014 The Faculty of Homeopathy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Representations of workplace psychological harassment in print news media.

PubMed

Garbin, Andréia De Conto; Fischer, Frida Marina

2012-06-01

To analyze discourses on workplace psychological harassment in print media. Documental study on workplace psychological harassment that analyzed news stories published in three major newspapers of the State of São Paulo (southeastern Brazil) between 1990 and 2008. Discourse analysis was performed to identify discursive practices that reflect the phenomenon of psychological harassment in today's society, explanations for its occurrence and impact on workers' health. RESULT ANALYSIS: This theme emerged in the media through the dissemination of books, academic research production and laws. It was initially published in general news then in jobs and/or business sections. Discourses on compensation and precautionary business practices and coping strategies are widespread. Health-related aspects are foregone under the prevailing money-based rationale. Corporate cultures are permissive regarding psychological harassment and conflicts are escalated while working to achieve goals and results. Indifference, embarrassment, ridicule and demean were common in the news stories analyzed. The causal explanations of workplace harassment tend to have a psychological interpretation with emphasis on individual and behavioral characteristics, and minimizing a collective approach. The discourses analyzed trivialized harassment by creating caricatures of the actors involved. People apprehend its psychological content and stigmatization which contributes to making workplace harassment an accepted practice and trivializing work-related violence.

Discussing study limitations in reports of biomedical studies- the need for more transparency.

PubMed

Puhan, Milo A; Akl, Elie A; Bryant, Dianne; Xie, Feng; Apolone, Giovanni; ter Riet, Gerben

2012-02-23

Unbiased and frank discussion of study limitations by authors represents a crucial part of the scientific discourse and progress. In today's culture of publishing many authors or scientific teams probably balance 'utter honesty' when discussing limitations of their research with the risk of being unable to publish their work. Currently, too few papers in the medical literature frankly discuss how limitations could have affected the study findings and interpretations. The goals of this commentary are to review how limitations are currently acknowledged in the medical literature, to discuss the implications of limitations in biomedical studies, and to make suggestions as to how to openly discuss limitations for scientists submitting their papers to journals. This commentary was developed through discussion and logical arguments by the authors who are doing research in the area of hedging (use of language to express uncertainty) and who have extensive experience as authors and editors of biomedical papers. We strongly encourage authors to report on all potentially important limitations that may have affected the quality and interpretation of the evidence being presented. This will not only benefit science but also offers incentives for authors: If not all important limitations are acknowledged readers and reviewers of scientific articles may perceive that the authors were unaware of them. Authors should take advantage of their content knowledge and familiarity with the study to prevent misinterpretations of the limitations by reviewers and readers. Articles discussing limitations help shape the future research agenda and are likely to be cited because they have informed the design and conduct of future studies. Instead of perceiving acknowledgment of limitations negatively, authors, reviewers and editors should recognize the potential of a frank and unbiased discussion of study limitations that should not jeopardize acceptance of manuscripts.

Ambulance services in London and Great Britain from 1860 until today: a glimpse of history gleaned mainly from the pages of contemporary journals.

PubMed

Pollock, Alexander

2013-03-01

Little has been published on the subject of civil ambulance services and their development from the mid-19th century in the UK until modern times. There is limited secondary literature available which provides useful background information on the subject and most organisations may give brief histories of their early days but these sources lack historical adequacy in terms of detail. This article shows part of the uncertain path which the history followed towards the service which we enjoy today. From the pages of the British Medical Journal and the Lancet and Hansard, the battle to set up the service is followed and an indication of the drivers towards change over the period is revealed in the attitudes expressed. In particular, the two World Wars are seen to be the stepwise stimuli to providing a necessary service to the British population where the will to achieve this had hitherto been lacking at a parliamentary level. The history of the London Ambulance Service is chosen because more is written about it in these journals but services in other British cities and the USA are mentioned since they played a part in influencing change.

James Franck and the 1919 Discovery of Metastable States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gearhart, Clayton

Today physicists associate metastable states in atoms with theoretical selection rules and transition probabilities. But these states were first discovered experimentally, at a time when such theories were in their infancy. In 1914, James Franck and Gustav Hertz published their experiments on inelastic collisions of slow electrons with helium and mercury vapor atoms. Famously, they thought they were measuring ionization energies, and not, as we understand it today, excitation energies. During the Great War, experimentalists in North America showed that Franck and Hertz had not seen ionization, and also measured the correct ionization energy of mercury vapor atoms. As Franck resumed work after the war, he and his associates at Fritz Haber's Institute for Physical Chemistry returned to experiments on and theoretical analyses of the collisions of slow electrons with helium atoms, in brisk competition with others in England and America. They were able to measure the ionization energy and to throw new light on the non-combining singlet and ``doublet'' (later found to be triplet) spectral series in helium. In the process, they proposed for the first time the existence of metastable states, first in helium, and later in mercury.

Kanner, Asperger, and Frankl: A third man at the genesis of the autism diagnosis.

PubMed

Robison, John E

2017-10-01

Scholars have long speculated about how Kanner and Asperger's descriptions of autistic behavior appeared just 1 year apart in America and Austria even as World War II had severed communication between the two countries. Both conspiracy and serendipity have been alleged, but a simpler explanation has now emerged. Autistic knowledge crossed the Atlantic with Georg Frankl-a previously unrecognized "man in the middle" who followed his fiancé to America. The evidence presented here fills in many blanks and suggests both Kanner and Asperger benefited from Frankl's insight. He was a guiding force for both men: unseen until now because he left very little in the way of published papers. To the end of their lives, Kanner and Asperger described their conditions as separate and distinct. Today, they are both part of the Autism Spectrum in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.). This article explains how and why Kanner and Asperger saw their descriptions as different. It makes the case that Georg Frankl helped both men see autism as we know it today and first saw the breadth of that continuum.

Alkenone and boron-based Pliocene pCO 2 records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seki, Osamu; Foster, Gavin L.; Schmidt, Daniela N.; Mackensen, Andreas; Kawamura, Kimitaka; Pancost, Richard D.

2010-03-01

The Pliocene period is the most recent time when the Earth was globally significantly (˜ 3 °C) warmer than today. However, the existing pCO 2 data for the Pliocene are sparse and there is little agreement between the various techniques used to reconstruct palaeo- pCO 2. This disagreement, coupled with the general low temporal resolution of the published records, does not allow a robust assessment of the role of declining pCO 2 in the intensification of the Northern Hemisphere Glaciation (INHG) and a direct comparison to other proxy records are lacking. For the first time, we use a combination of foraminiferal ( δ11B) and organic biomarker (alkenone-derived carbon isotopes) proxies to determine the concentration of atmospheric CO 2 over the past 5 Ma. Both proxy records show that during the warm Pliocene pCO 2 was between 330 and 400 ppm, i.e. similar to today. The decrease to values similar to pre-industrial times (275-285 ppm) occurred between 3.2 Ma and 2.8 Ma — coincident with the INHG and affirming the link between global climate, the cryosphere and pCO 2.

Priorities for a 21st-century defense: aligning u.s. Army environmental science and engineering officer resources with the department of defense strategic guidance.

PubMed

Licina, Derek; Rufolo, Dennis; Story, Mike

2013-01-01

The recently published Department of Defense (DoD) strategic guidance highlights the need to ?shape a joint force for the future.? Supporting requirements to shape the joint force while the overall DoD force structure is reduced will be challenging. Fortunately, based on its unique training and experience, the Army Environmental Science and Engineering Officer (ESEO) profession is positioned today to fill anticipated joint public health requirements. Obtaining the U.S. Army Medical Department (AMEDD) approval to meet these requirements will have near-term consequences for the ESEO profession as some existing (albeit antiquated) authorizations may go unfilled. However, long-term dividends for the Medical Service Corps (MSC), AMEDD, Army, and DoD will be achieved by realigning critical resources to future joint and interagency requirements. Assigning ESEOs now to organizations such as the Theater Special Operations Commands (TSOCs), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID), and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) with perceived and real joint force health protection/public health requirements through unique means will ensure our profession remains relevant today and supports the joint force of tomorrow. 2013.

Current knowledge and trends in age-related macular degeneration: today's and future treatments.

PubMed

Velez-Montoya, Raul; Oliver, Scott C N; Olson, Jeffrey L; Fine, Stuart L; Mandava, Naresh; Quiroz-Mercado, Hugo

2013-09-01

To address the most dynamic and current issues concerning today's treatment options and promising research efforts regarding treatment for age-related macular degeneration. This review is aimed to serve as a practical reference for more in-depth reviews on the subject. An online review of the database PubMed and Ovid were performed, searching for the key words age-related macular degeneration, AMD, VEGF, treatment, PDT, steroids, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, VEGF-trap, radiation, combined therapy, as well as their compound phrases. The search was limited to articles published since 1985. All returned articles were carefully screened, and their references were manually reviewed for additional relevant data. The web page www.clinicaltrials.gov was also accessed in search of relevant research trials. A total of 363 articles were reviewed, including 64 additional articles extracted from the references. At the end, only 160 references were included in this review. Treatment for age-related macular degeneration is a very dynamic research field. While current treatments are mainly aimed at blocking vascular endothelial growth factor, future treatments seek to prevent vision loss because of scarring. Promising efforts have been made to address the dry form of the disease, which has lacked effective treatment.

Understanding U.S. Physician Satisfaction: State of the Evidence and Future Directions.

PubMed

Hoff, Timothy; Young, Gary; Xiang, Elaine; Raver, Eli

2015-01-01

Physician satisfaction is an important issue, yet we know less about it than we should. This narrative review updates our knowledge about U.S. physician satisfaction and proposes new foci for understanding and studying the topic that align better with the evolving U.S. healthcare delivery system, physicians' everyday work situations, and medicine's internal demographic changes. Using the PubMed database of empirical studies published between 2008 and 2013 that examine U.S. physician job, career, or work satisfaction, we compare our review findings with a review covering studies published between 1970 and 2007. We included 22 studies in our review. Overall, U.S. physicians experience moderate to high levels of job, work, and career satisfaction, and these levels have remained stable over time. This is surprising given discussions in the popular press of declining physician satisfaction. The observed consistency and the high levels of satisfaction do not tell the entire story. While autonomy, income, and perceived job demands are several of the stronger predictors of physician satisfaction, variables such as age and gender have been understudied. And our understanding of what drives physician satisfaction still draws too heavily on other variables that are less salient given today's workplace and the current trends in professional demographics and employment arrangements. Future thinking and research on physician satisfaction should align more with the array of changes now occurring within the U.S. medical profession and the larger U.S. healthcare delivery system, within which physicians work. To do this, new variables and conceptual thinking that capture these changes must be used.

Adiponectin, insulin sensitivity, beta-cell function, and racial/ethnic disparity in treatment failure rates in TODAY

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Treatment Options for type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) study demonstrated that glycemic failure rates in the three treatments combined – metformin plus rosiglitazone, metformin alone, and metformin plus lifestyle – were higher in non-Hispanic blacks (NHB; 52.8%) versus non-Hispan...

People, Law, and the Futures Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Franks, Betty Barclay; Howard, Mary Kay

The technology being developed today will create an extensive array of new legal problems for the citizens of the future. This booklet outlines a study unit designed to introduce today's students to these problems and to the factors that will have to be considered in their solution. The course is organized around five topics: the changing nature…

What Do Young People Today Really Think about Jesus?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walshe, Karen

2005-01-01

This article presents the key findings of a recent study investigating young people's knowledge and understanding of Jesus and demonstrates how young people today appear to be experiencing the same difficulties when engaging with the figure of Jesus in the religious education classroom as they did almost 40 years ago. It concludes by suggesting…

Making It Fit: Reshaping Library Services and Spaces for Today's Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mosley, Paul; Alderman, Jim; Carmichael, Lisandra R.

2015-01-01

University course assignments increasingly focus on group work and group projects to help students collaboratively discover more about their fields of study. The Thomas G. Carpenter Library realized the need to investigate means for reimagining itself to better accommodate today's researchers. The complex process of planning for the redesign of…

Educating for Creativity and Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Treffinger, Donald J.; Schoonover, Patricia F.; Selby, Edwin C.

2012-01-01

Today, more than ever before, we must all be able to think creatively, manage change, and solve complex, open-ended problems. Education today is different in its structure and practice than it was in any previous generation, not just because of the impact of technology and the Internet, but also because, across the lifespan, every person studies,…

Characteristics Leading to Student Success: A Study of Online Learning Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crawford, Deborah L.

2006-01-01

Background: Virtual learning has exploded with the growth in broadband connectivity. The challenge for today's educational leaders is to integrate the research indicating cognitive changes in today's students with online K-12 offerings in order to fully maximize technological advances and close access and academic gaps. Purpose: To inform both…

Counseling with Heart: A Relationship Violence Prevention Program for College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hays, Danica G.; Michel, Rebecca E.; Bayne, Hannah B.; Neuer Colburn, Anita A.; Smith Myers, Jayne

2015-01-01

Relationship violence is a salient concern on college campuses today, and psychoeducational groups may be an appropriate prevention format. This article describes a study measuring the impact of college student participation in the HEART (Help End Abusive Relationships Today) program, a series of group sessions designed to increase knowledge and…

Fermilab Today

Science.gov Websites

Fundamental Physics in the Non-Linear Regime 3:30 p.m. Director's Coffee Break - 2nd Flr X-Over 4:00 p.m. All Week archive Fermilab Safety Tip of the Week archive Linear Collider News archive Fermilab Today Committee ECFA Study of Physics and Detectors for a Linear Collider" and GDE member, explained the

How Technology Can Promote the Learning of Proof

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muller, Kimberly O.

2010-01-01

While serving in the U.S. Congress, Abraham Lincoln, a self-taught learner, mastered Euclid's Elements (Basler 1953). Most students today do not study mathematics for recreation. Unlike Lincoln, they need a little help in learning how to write a geometry proof. Today's technology--specifically, The Geometer's Sketchpad[R] (GSP)--can help make…

THE PROFITS AND PERILS OF PUBLICITY: ALLGEMEINE LITERATUR- ZEITUNG, THE THURN UND TAXIS POST, AND THE PERIODICAL TRADE AT THE END OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY.

PubMed

Broman, Thomas

2015-09-20

Recent historiography on the growth of periodical publishing has emphasized newspapers and journals as constituents of an emergent communications system in early modern Europe. This system comprised the newspapers, journals and other publications that contributed its content, and also the postal systems that were the principal method of distributing that content. This article describes how the growth of this system in central Europe was supported in large measure by financial incentives that it offered to both constituents. First, in contrast with postal systems in France and the UK, the Thurn und Taxis Reichspost inserted itself as a middleman in the sale of periodicals, which gave the Reichspost an incentive to promote the trade. Second, the financial conditions for periodical publication made their costs depend more heavily on costs that were scalable to circulation than is true today, which resulted in the viability of publications with a lower circulation. The same cost structure also made it possible for certain prominent periodicals of the era to earn considerable profits for their publishers, as illustrated in this article by Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, which was published in Jena from 1785.

The profits and perils of publicity: Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, the Thurn und Taxis Post, and the periodical trade at the end of the eighteenth century

PubMed Central

Broman, Thomas

2015-01-01

Recent historiography on the growth of periodical publishing has emphasized newspapers and journals as constituents of an emergent communications system in early modern Europe. This system comprised the newspapers, journals and other publications that contributed its content, and also the postal systems that were the principal method of distributing that content. This article describes how the growth of this system in central Europe was supported in large measure by financial incentives that it offered to both constituents. First, in contrast with postal systems in France and the UK, the Thurn und Taxis Reichspost inserted itself as a middleman in the sale of periodicals, which gave the Reichspost an incentive to promote the trade. Second, the financial conditions for periodical publication made their costs depend more heavily on costs that were scalable to circulation than is true today, which resulted in the viability of publications with a lower circulation. The same cost structure also made it possible for certain prominent periodicals of the era to earn considerable profits for their publishers, as illustrated in this article by Allgemeine Literatur-Zeitung, which was published in Jena from 1785. PMID:26495577

Poisonous gas and the american expeditionary forces in World War I: Is it still 1918. Monograph

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bailey, D.W.

1992-12-06

This monograph investigates the uses and effects of chemical weapons used on units. The doctrine and technology available today are compared to those available and used by the American Expeditionary Forces (AEF) during World War One. The monograph first discusses the development and use of gas during WWI. Specifically, five case studies are presented representing the offensive and defensive use of gas as seen by AEF units. Each case is then analyzed using the battlefield operating systems (BOS). Lessons learned are then extracted from the case studies. Today's doctrine is then analyzed using these lessons learned to determine if themore » US is any better prepared to fight in a chemical environment today than it was at the end of WWI.« less

Creation of the American Board of Ophthalmology: The Role of the American Medical Association.

PubMed

Williams, Ruth D

2016-09-01

In the early 20th century, the American Medical Association (AMA), specifically its Section on Ophthalmology, played a central role in the founding of America's first medical specialty board, the American Board of Ophthalmology. With the American Ophthalmological Society and the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology, the AMA's contributions to the formation of the American Board of Ophthalmology led to the establishment of sound educational standards for practicing ophthalmologists and helped to advance the culture of medical excellence within the profession that is synonymous with board certification today. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Making of Psychological Methods

PubMed Central

Harlow, Lisa L.

2017-01-01

Psychological Methods celebrated its 20-year anniversary recently, having published its first quarterly issue in March 1996. It seemed time to provide a brief overview of the history, the highlights over the years, and the current state of the journal, along with tips for submissions. The article is organized to discuss: (1) the background and development of the journal, (2) the top articles, authors and topics over the years, (3) an overview of the journal today, and (4) a summary of the features of successful articles that usually entail rigorous and novel methodology described in clear and understandable writing and that can be applied in meaningful and relevant areas of psychological research. PMID:28252997

Vitamin Excess and Deficiency.

PubMed

Diab, Liliane; Krebs, Nancy F

2018-04-01

The published literature supports the high prevalence of supplement use in children and adolescents in the United States. Pediatricians today are faced with questions from parents and patients about the benefits, safety, efficacy, and correct dose of vitamins and minerals. In this article, we review 7 vitamins with the most clinical relevance as judged by abundance in food, risks and symptoms of deficiency, and potential for toxicity. Specifically, we focus on possible clinical scenarios that can be indicative of nutritional deficiency. We synthesize and summarize guidelines from nutrition experts, various medical societies, the World Health Organization, and the American Academy of Pediatrics. © American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. All rights reserved.

[The constribution of Justyne Siegemundin, the midwife of the Brandenburg court, to the development of the obstetrics at XVII century].

PubMed

Kraśnianin, Elzbieta; Semczuk, Andrzej

2006-12-01

From the beginning of the world assisting during childbirth was and is the women's domain. On the evolution this profession composed of many famous midwifes. Into this group unquestionably we can count Justine Siegemundin (1636-1705), midwife-self-taught person. Her activity contributed to rise the obstetrics knowledge in XVII century. Justine Siegemundin, the midwife of the Brandenburg court, published in 1690 a book describing a surgical trick still bears her name today. It is called the "double hold"--"Gedoppelter Handgriff", or "Siegemundin-Handgriff". This book counts as on the most important milestones of obstetrics history.

[Jesuits Chemists of Hapsburg Monarchy].

PubMed

Južnič, Stanislav

2016-01-01

The achievements of the Jesuits from the Austrian and Bohemian provinces, who have published books on chemistry are focused. Their links with the area of today's Slovenia are particularly exposed. The guidelines which have enabled prompt victories of the ideas about the structure of matter of Jesuit Ru|er Bokovi are indicated. Inconceivable fast spread of Bošković's adherents in the Hapsburg monarchy is compared with a similar rapid introduction of the kinetic theories of atoms of Slovene Jožef Stefan and Ludwig Boltzmann in the same geographical area. Boltzmann was not only Stefan's best student, but he also married a half Slovenian maid.

Sustained UK marine observations. Where have we been? Where are we now? Where are we going?

PubMed

Owens, Nicholas J P

2014-09-28

This introduction traces the earliest interaction of ancient humans with their marine environment, through marine explorations in the Middle Ages and Renaissance, to the development of early marine science in the Enlightenment. This sets the scene for how marine observations developed in the modern era and explains the status of today's marine observation networks. The paper concludes with an assessment of the future needs and constraints of sustained marine observation networks and suggests the lessons from a long history might be the key to the future. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

The medical students' societies and medical students' publications.

PubMed

Lim, K H

2005-07-01

The rich corporate life of the medical student and the medical students' societies at our medical school (at the present National University of Singapore) is generally unappreciated by its graduates and regrettably, even more unknown to the medical student of today. The present generation of medical students of NUS do not know of their rich history. We have published documentation of student activities from the founding of the medical school in 1905 till the establishment of the then University of Malaya in 1950, reviewed herein. Materials presented after 1950 were gathered from personal communications from key players in the students' societies and from editors of the medical students' publications.

[Publication practices of academics in medical psychology and in psychosomatics and psychotherapy].

PubMed

Decker, O; Brähler, E

2001-07-01

When qualifying for higher academic positions junior academics face increasing demands for submitting papers for publication. The criteria for assessing these publications are presently under discussion. Contributions to international English language journals are more highly regarded, and it has become indispensable to have papers published in journals listed in SCI and SSCI. The question remains whether these criteria are valid to judge academic qualifications. Whereas one criterion for validity may be the publication practice of the present academic representatives, it appears that to some extent the chairs themselves would not fulfill the requirements for academic qualification today. Results regarding this are presented and discussed.

[History of cancer and chemotherapy before chemotherapy].

PubMed

Bonnichon, Philippe; Berger, J P; Bonni, N; Fontaine, M; Pion-Graff, J

2014-01-01

Chemotherapy stands today for cancer. In 1909, Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915) advocates the use of arsphenamine by infusion. So, he is considered as the father of chemotherapy. In fact, the first to have thought through chemotherapy was Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723). In 1676, ideas and experiments on animals had sufficiently progressed to allow Michel Ettmuller (1644-1683) to publish the first edition of his book and several others were printed until 1753. In this book, he describes the first intravenous treatment, it sets the first indications, dosages and different products which can be used. However this method has been forgotten until the late 19th century.

[Remarks on angina pectoris].

PubMed

Scardi, Sabino; Perazza, Luca

2005-03-01

In the first volume of the New England Journal of Medicine of 1812, J. Warren published a paper on the subject of angina pectoris, in which clearly emerge the difficulties facing the physicians of that time in trying to formulate a correct diagnosis and prescribe the right therapy. We thought it would be certainly of interest to offer our readers an Italian translation of this article, obviously with some stylistic modifications and supplemented with information coming from other historical scientific works. William Heberden in his report on " breast pain" was the first physician to use the term "angina" and the description of symptoms that he gave in 1772 is still today valid and correct.

AIP appoints New CEO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

The American Institute of Physics (AIP) has announced the appointment of a new chief executive officer, Kenneth W. Ford, who is to succeed H. William Koch when Koch retires on March 28, 1987. Koch has held the position since 1966.AIP is a not-for-profit scientific organization made up of 10 member societies, including AGU, that represent more than 90,000 scientists. Its main activities include scientific publishing and marketing of 76 primary physics journals, including translations of foreign journals, books, conference proceedings, and the magazine Physics Today. AIP also is involved with electronic abstracting and other scientific communications and has active programs in education, public information, manpower statistics, and the history of physics.

The Interplay Between Digital Media Use and Development.

PubMed

Gerwin, Roslyn L; Kaliebe, Kristopher; Daigle, Monica

2018-04-01

Today's youth develop immersed in a digital media world and the effects are specific to their developmental stage. Clinicians and caretakers should be mindful regarding digital media use patterns; however, this complex and reciprocal relationship defies simple linear descriptions. The impacts of digital media can be powerful. It is important to be cautious but not over-pathologize media use because digital media enables social connections, allows self-soothing in some children, and fills needs for stimulation and self-expression. Young children or those with psychiatric disorders or developmental delays should be considered vulnerable to harmful effects of media content and overuse. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Fifty years since Lashley's In search of the Engram: refutations and conjectures.

PubMed

Bruce, D

2001-12-01

In his well-known article 'In Search of the Engram' published in 1950, Karl Spencer Lashley summarized his 33 years of research and theory on memory and the brain. He concluded that (1) memories are not localized but are instead distributed within functional areas of the cortex and (2) memory traces are not isolated cortical connections between inputs and outputs. Though not the first time he had expressed such convictions, their reiteration in this article was backed by Lashley's estimable reputation and expressive power and they have taken firm root in the collective knowledge of today's memory and neuropsychological research community.

The transition of new technology to solve today`s problems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kamin, R.A.; Martin, C.J.; Turner, L.M.

1995-05-01

Extensive research has been conducted in the development of methods to predict the degradation of F-44 in storage. The Low Pressure Reactor (LPR) has greatly enhanced the stability prediction capabilities necessary to make informed decisions concerning aviation fuel in storage. This technique has in the past been primarily used for research purposes. The Naval Air Warfare Center, Aircraft Division, Trenton, NJ, has used this technique successfully to assist the Defense Fuel Supply Center, Cameron Station, Alexandria, VA, in stability assessments of F-44. The High Performance Liquid Chromatography/Electrochemical Detector (HPLC/EC) antioxidant determination technique has also aided in making stability predictions bymore » establishing the amount of inhibitor currently in the product. This paper will address two case studies in which the above new technology was used to insure the rapid detection and diagnosis of today`s field and logistic problems.« less

Retrospective analysis of natural products provides insights for future discovery trends

PubMed Central

Pye, Cameron R.; Bertin, Matthew J.; Lokey, R. Scott; Gerwick, William H.

2017-01-01

Understanding of the capacity of the natural world to produce secondary metabolites is important to a broad range of fields, including drug discovery, ecology, biosynthesis, and chemical biology, among others. Both the absolute number and the rate of discovery of natural products have increased significantly in recent years. However, there is a perception and concern that the fundamental novelty of these discoveries is decreasing relative to previously known natural products. This study presents a quantitative examination of the field from the perspective of both number of compounds and compound novelty using a dataset of all published microbial and marine-derived natural products. This analysis aimed to explore a number of key questions, such as how the rate of discovery of new natural products has changed over the past decades, how the average natural product structural novelty has changed as a function of time, whether exploring novel taxonomic space affords an advantage in terms of novel compound discovery, and whether it is possible to estimate how close we are to having described all of the chemical space covered by natural products. Our analyses demonstrate that most natural products being published today bear structural similarity to previously published compounds, and that the range of scaffolds readily accessible from nature is limited. However, the analysis also shows that the field continues to discover appreciable numbers of natural products with no structural precedent. Together, these results suggest that the development of innovative discovery methods will continue to yield compounds with unique structural and biological properties. PMID:28461474

Addiction research centres and the nurturing of creativity. The Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research: social science alcohol and drug research in Denmark.

PubMed

Pedersen, Mads U; Elmeland, Karen; Frank, Vibeke A

2011-12-01

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the social science alcohol and drug research undertaken by the Centre for Alcohol and Drug Research (CRF) and at the same time offer an insight into the development in Danish alcohol and drug research throughout the past 15-20 years. A review of articles, books and reports published by researcher from CRF from the mid-1990s until today and an analysis of the policy-making in the Danish substance use and misuse area. CRF is a result of the discussions surrounding social, health and allocation policy questions since the mid-1980s. Among other things, these discussions led to the formal establishment of the Centre in 1991 under the Aarhus University, the Faculty of Social Science. Since 2001 the Centre has received a permanent basic allocation, which has made it possible to appoint tenured senior researchers; to work under a more long-term research strategy; to function as a milieu for educating PhD students; and to diversify from commissioned research tasks to initiating projects involving more fundamental research. Research at the Centre is today pivoted around four core areas: consumption, policy, prevention and treatment. The emergence, continuation, financing and character of the research taking place at CRF can be linked closely to the specific Danish drug and alcohol discourse and to the division of the responsibility for alcohol and drug research into separate Ministries. © 2010 The Authors, Addiction © 2010 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Precipitation and lake-level changes in the West and Midwest over the past 10,000 to 24,000 years. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Webb, T. III; Street, F.A.; Howe, S.

The goal of the research described in this report is to document the climatic variability over the past 10,000 to 20,000 years in areas in which sites may be designated for the burial of nuclear wastes. Three separate data sets were studied, and the results are presented in three chapters. The first data set consisted of radiocarbon dates documenting past changes in lake levels in lakes and playas in the western United States. The sites were mapped where water levels were higher than the levels today and were presented in a table telling what evidence is available at each site.more » The lake-level fluctuations for the past 24,000 years at sites in the West were also mapped and time series for these fluctuations at four sites were presented. The second data set was a selection of the published radiocarbon-dated pollen diagrams from the western United States. These data are a valuable source of climatic information and complement the geological evidence of lake-level fluctuations in the West. A table is presented that gives the location, elevation, and number of radiocarbon dates for each site. The third data set was a set of fossil pollen data from 20 sites in the upper Midwest. These data were calibrated in terms of precipitation changes over the past 10,000 years, and maps are presented of the estimated precipitation changes between 10,000 and 7000 years ago and between 7000 years ago and today.« less

Spatiotemporal Dynamics of Genetic Variation in the Iberian Lynx along Its Path to Extinction Reconstructed with Ancient DNA.

PubMed

Casas-Marce, Mireia; Marmesat, Elena; Soriano, Laura; Martínez-Cruz, Begoña; Lucena-Perez, Maria; Nocete, Francisco; Rodríguez-Hidalgo, Antonio; Canals, Antoni; Nadal, Jordi; Detry, Cleia; Bernáldez-Sánchez, Eloísa; Fernández-Rodríguez, Carlos; Pérez-Ripoll, Manuel; Stiller, Mathias; Hofreiter, Michael; Rodríguez, Alejandro; Revilla, Eloy; Delibes, Miguel; Godoy, José A

2017-11-01

There is the tendency to assume that endangered species have been both genetically and demographically healthier in the past, so that any genetic erosion observed today was caused by their recent decline. The Iberian lynx (Lynx pardinus) suffered a dramatic and continuous decline during the 20th century, and now shows extremely low genome- and species-wide genetic diversity among other signs of genomic erosion. We analyze ancient (N = 10), historical (N = 245), and contemporary (N = 172) samples with microsatellite and mitogenome data to reconstruct the species' demography and investigate patterns of genetic variation across space and time. Iberian lynx populations transitioned from low but significantly higher genetic diversity than today and shallow geographical differentiation millennia ago, through a structured metapopulation with varying levels of diversity during the last centuries, to two extremely genetically depauperate and differentiated remnant populations by 2002. The historical subpopulations show varying extents of genetic drift in relation to their recent size and time in isolation, but these do not predict whether the populations persisted or went finally extinct. In conclusion, current genetic patterns were mainly shaped by genetic drift, supporting the current admixture of the two genetic pools and calling for a comprehensive genetic management of the ongoing conservation program. This study illustrates how a retrospective analysis of demographic and genetic patterns of endangered species can shed light onto their evolutionary history and this, in turn, can inform conservation actions. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

Anti-HMGCR antibodies as a biomarker for immune-mediated necrotizing myopathies: A history of statins and experience from a large international multi-center study.

PubMed

Musset, Lucile; Allenbach, Yves; Benveniste, Olivier; Boyer, Olivier; Bossuyt, Xavier; Bentow, Chelsea; Phillips, Joe; Mammen, Andrew; Van Damme, Philip; Westhovens, René; Ghirardello, Anna; Doria, Andrea; Choi, May Y; Fritzler, Marvin J; Schmeling, Heinrike; Muro, Yoshinao; García-De La Torre, Ignacio; Ortiz-Villalvazo, Miguel A; Bizzaro, Nicola; Infantino, Maria; Imbastaro, Tiziana; Peng, Qinglin; Wang, Guochun; Vencovský, Jiří; Klein, Martin; Krystufkova, Olga; Franceschini, Franco; Fredi, Micaela; Hue, Sophie; Belmondo, Thibaut; Danko, Katalin; Mahler, Michael

2016-10-01

In an effort to find naturally occurring substances that reduce cholesterol by inhibiting 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), statins were first discovered by Endo in 1972. With the widespread prescription and use of statins to decrease morbidity from myocardial infarction and stroke, it was noted that approximately 5% of all statin users experienced muscle pain and weakness during treatment. In a smaller proportion of patients, the myopathy progressed to severe morbidity marked by proximal weakness and severe muscle wasting. Remarkably, Mammen and colleagues were the first to discover that the molecular target of statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), is an autoantibody target in patients that develop an immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy (IMNM). These observations have been confirmed in a number of studies but, until today, a multi-center, international study of IMNM, related idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM), other auto-inflammatory conditions and controls has not been published. Accordingly, an international, multi-center study investigated the utility of anti-HMGCR antibodies in the diagnosis of statin-associated IMNM in comparison to different forms of IIM and controls. This study included samples from patients with different forms of IIM (n=1250) and patients with other diseases (n=656) that were collected from twelve sites and tested for anti-HMGCR antibodies by ELISA. This study confirmed that anti-HMGCR autoantibodies, when found in conjunction with statin use, characterize a subset of IIM who are older and have necrosis on muscle biopsy. Taken together, the data to date indicates that testing for anti-HMGCR antibodies is important in the differential diagnosis of IIM and might be considered for future classification criteria. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Improving Teacher Practices through Professional Development in a Low-Performing City School: An Action Research Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miles-Daniels, Angela A.

2014-01-01

Professional development training raises many concerns in today's U.S. education system. Each year, education systems change. Understanding these change efforts provides school districts the opportunity to be successful in their efforts. Today's students no longer seem to benefit from one instructional approach and need an enhancement in their…

Unethical Scholarship Today: A Preliminary Typology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Douglas W.

Today many signs point to an uneasy concern among scholars regarding the ethics of their peers. All too frequently the press reports cases of ethical breaches in many fields of scholarship. Over the years a few people have continued to note and study patterns of deviant and unethical behavior in scholarship. But in spite of the need to…

Virtual Speed Mentoring in the Workplace--Current Approaches to Personal Informal Learning in the Workplace: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamilton, Chuck; Langlois, Kristen; Watson, Henry

2010-01-01

Informal learning is the biggest undiscovered treasure in today's workplace. Marcia Conner, author and often-cited voice for workplace learning, suggests that "Informal learning accounts for over 75% of the learning taking place in organizations today" (1997). IBM understands the value of the hyper-connected informal workplace and…

Tree planting in reclamation

Treesearch

Glen G. Kizer

1980-01-01

While fifteen years ago we depended on trees as the primary tool of reclamation, today regulators, based on soil loss studies, have determined that trees are not sufficient to prevent erosion by themselves. This is particularly true during the first 10-15 years after mining. While ten (10) years ago most permits listed forest as a postmining land use, today only ten (...

Personality and Type (but "Not" a Psychological Theory!)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holst-Larkin, Jane

2006-01-01

Word processing is part of every writer's set of competencies today, and as readers, their expectations of type have risen well beyond the old Courier font of typewriters. Yet only recently have writers had access to the thousands of different typefaces available today and had such power in making design choices. Type has been much studied and…

A Lot Easier Said than Done: Parents Talk about Raising Children in Today's America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farkas, Steve; Johnson, Jean; Duffett, Ann; Wilson, Leslie; Vine, Jackie

Recognizing that knowing what parents value most provides insights into what society values and what can be expected of future generations, this report details a study exploring parents' goals in raising their children and focusing on parents' attitudes regarding the difficulty of raising children of integrity and character in America today. Data…

Balancing Identity and Diversity in Faith-Based Nursing Education: A Case Study from Northern Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tveit, Bodil; Karvinen, Ikali; Damsma-Bakker, Alica; Ylönen, Merja; Oosterhoff-Zielman, Marjanne; Fanuelsen, Olav; van Leeuwen, Réné

2015-01-01

The role of faith-based nursing education is contested in today's Northern European societies, which are often described as postmodern, pluralist, or secular. Although faith-based institutions played pioneering roles in the early development of nursing education, many today downplay their religious roots and have transformed themselves into modern…

Youth Work Transitions: A Review with Implications for Counselling and Career Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parada, Filomena; Young, Richard A.

2013-01-01

We critically review studies highlighting youth's work transitions and derive some implications for career and counselling theory and practice. We first discuss today's hypermodern world, specifically the meanings being conveyed by today's complex social realities and their impact on individuals' (work) lives. An overview of…

A quantitative micropaleontologic method for shallow marine peleoclimatology: Application to Pliocene deposits of the western North Atlantic Ocean

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cronin, T. M.; Dowsett, H.J.

1990-01-01

A transfer function was developed to estimate summer and winter paleotemperatures for arctic to tropical regions of the western North Atlantic Ocean using fossil ostracode assemblages. Q-mode factor analysis was run on ostracode assemblages from 100 modern bottom sediment samples from continental shelves of North America, Greenland and the Caribbean using 59 ostracode taxa. Seven factors accounting for 80% of the variance define assemblages that correspond to frigid, subfrigid, cold temperate, mild temperate, warm temperate, subtropical and tropical climatic zones. Multiple regression of the factor matrix against observed February and August bottom temperatures yielded an astracode transfer function with an accuracy of about ??2??C. The transfer function was used to reconstruct middle Pliocene (3.5-3.0 Ma) shallow marine climates of the western North Atlantic during the marine transgression that deposited the Yorktown Formation (Virginia and North Carolina), the Duplin Formation (South and North Carolina) and the Pinecrest beds (Florida). Middle Pliocene paleowater temperatures in Virginia averaged 19??C in August and 13.5??C in February, about 5??C to 8??C warmer than at comparable depths off Virginia today. August and February water temperatures in North Carolina were 23??C and 13.4??C, in South Carolina about 23??C and 13.5??C and in southern Florida about 24.6??C and 15.4??C. Marine climates north of 35??N were warmer than today; south of 35??N, they were about the same or slightly cooler. Thermal gradients along the coast were generally not as steep as they are today. The North Atlantic transfer function can be applied to other shallow marine Pliocene and Pleistocene deposits of eastern North America. ?? 1990 Elsevier Science Publishers B.V.

Fifty years of driving safety research.

PubMed

Lee, John D

2008-06-01

This brief review covers the 50 years of driving-related research published in Human Factors, its contribution to driving safety, and emerging challenges. Many factors affect driving safety, making it difficult to assess the impact of specific factors such as driver age, cell phone distractions, or collision warnings. The author considers the research themes associated with the approximately 270 articles on driving published in Human Factors in the past 50 years. To a large extent, current and past research has explored similar themes and concepts. Many articles published in the first 25 years focused on issues such as driver impairment, individual differences, and perceptual limits. Articles published in the past 25 years address similar issues but also point toward vehicle technology that can exacerbate or mitigate the negative effect of these issues. Conceptual and computational models have played an important role in this research. Improved crash-worthiness has contributed to substantial improvements in driving safety over the past 50 years, but future improvements will depend on enhancing driver performance and perhaps, more important, improving driver behavior. Developing models to guide this research will become more challenging as new technology enters the vehicle and shifts the focus from driver performance to driver behavior. Over the past 50 years, Human Factors has accumulated a large base of driving-related research that remains relevant for many of today's design and policy concerns.

Walter Hohmann's contributions towards space flight: an appreciation on the occasion of the centenary of his birthday

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schulz, Werner

1980-11-01

In 1923 Hermann Oberth published his book "Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen" (The Rocket into Planetary Space), in 1924 Max Valier's book "Der Vorstoss in den Weltenraum" (The Advance into Space) appeared while in the U.S.A. already in 1919 Robert H. Goddard reported on his rocket experiments. Altogether different from the publications just mentioned was a book entitled "Die Erreichbarkeit der Himmelskörper" (The Attainability of Celestial Bodies) published in 1925. Its author was Dr.-Ing. Walter Hohmann, born 18 March 1880, civil engineer for the city authorities of Essen, who had already made, during World War I, calculations as to the amount of fuel, initial mass and flight time necessary for flights from the Earth to other planets. The transfer trajectories investigated by Hohmann and today attributed with his name have a great practical significance for space flight onto the present. In the lecture a critical appreciation of Hohmann's work is given.

Do we need a Unique Scientist ID for publications in biomedicine?

PubMed

Bohne-Lang, Andreas; Lang, Elke

2005-03-22

BACKGROUND: The PubMed database contains nearly 15 million references from more than 4,800 biomedical journals. In general, authors of scientific articles are addressed by their last name and forename initial. DISCUSSION: In general, names can be too common and not unique enough to be search criteria. Today, Ph.D. students, other researchers and women publish scientific work. A person may not only have one name but several names and publish under each name. A Unique Scientist ID could help to address people in peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. As a starting point, perhaps PubMed could generate and manage such a scientist ID. SUMMARY: A Unique Scientist ID would improve knowledge management in science. Unfortunately in some of the publications, and then within the online databases, only one letter abbreviates the author's forename. A common name with only one initial could retrieve pertinent citations, but include many false drops (retrieval matching searched criteria but indisputably irrelevant).

Classic articles in Psychology in the Science Citation Index Expanded: A bibliometric analysis.

PubMed

Ho, Yuh-Shan; Hartley, James

2016-11-01

Who today are the most highly cited psychologists listed in the Web of Science? This paper reports answers to this question by using the Science Citation Index Expanded to find out. This index covers over 280,350 documents in the Psychology category of the Web of Science from 1900 to 2013 and lists the most highly cited papers published between 1927 and 2012. For example, in 2013, an article published by Jacob Cohen in 1992 obtained (1) the highest ranking with 1,068 citations, (2) the highest for total citations per year, and (3) was ranked 3rd for the total number of citations since publication by 2013. New technology thus provides a seismic shift in the ways that we can obtain and analyse data like these. Indeed, the results for the top 10 articles indicate that practical and methodological papers now receive more citations than the more theoretical papers usually found in earlier surveys. © 2015 The British Psychological Society.

Setting the stage for the AJO-DO: the haphazard times before orthodontic specialty journals.

PubMed

Peck, Sheldon

2015-01-01

The professional distinction of "surgeon-dentist," created in France in the 18th century, stimulated dentistry's early advance as a learned profession. By 1841, Pierre-Joachim Lefoulon coined the term "orthodontosie," which was the root of "orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics" as a distinct academic field and a specialty. In 1907, the American Orthodontist became the first scientific journal in the world completely devoted to orthodontics. Its failure after 5 years of publication prompted former editor Martin Dewey to find a new publisher for an orthodontic specialty journal. In 1915, the International Journal of Orthodontia was created with Dewey as editor. After some years, its name was changed to the American Journal of Orthodontics, which later became the American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, or AJO-DO. Today, the AJO-DO at 100 years is a mainstay of scientific advancement in orthodontics. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Managing and mitigating conflict in healthcare teams: an integrative review.

PubMed

Almost, Joan; Wolff, Angela C; Stewart-Pyne, Althea; McCormick, Loretta G; Strachan, Diane; D'Souza, Christine

2016-07-01

To review empirical studies examining antecedents (sources, causes, predictors) in the management and mitigation of interpersonal conflict. Providing quality care requires positive, collaborative working relationships among healthcare team members. In today's increasingly stress-laden work environments, such relationships can be threatened by interpersonal conflict. Identifying the underlying causes of conflict and choice of conflict management style will help practitioners, leaders and managers build an organizational culture that fosters collegiality and create the best possible environment to engage in effective conflict management. Integrative literature review. CINAHL, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Proquest ABI/Inform, Cochrane Library and Joanne Briggs Institute Library were searched for empirical studies published between 2002-May 2014. The review was informed by the approach of Whittemore and Knafl. Findings were extracted, critically examined and grouped into themes. Forty-four papers met the inclusion criteria. Several antecedents influence conflict and choice of conflict management style including individual characteristics, contextual factors and interpersonal conditions. Sources most frequently identified include lack of emotional intelligence, certain personality traits, poor work environment, role ambiguity, lack of support and poor communication. Very few published interventions were found. By synthesizing the knowledge and identifying antecedents, this review offers evidence to support recommendations on managing and mitigating conflict. As inevitable as conflict is, it is the responsibility of everyone to increase their own awareness, accountability and active participation in understanding conflict and minimizing it. Future research should investigate the testing of interventions to minimize these antecedents and, subsequently, reduce conflict. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Mobilizing for a war on the home front against sugar-related morbidity and mortality.

PubMed

Schillinger, Dean; Kahn, James G

2017-01-01

In Israel today, there are 420,200 Israelis diagnosed with diabetes, and every year, Israelis sustain thousands of diabetes-related deaths and tens of thousands of diabetes-related amputations. As such, in Israel, as in much of the world, there is a silent and deadly public health war against obesity and diabetes taking place on the home front -- one in which clinicians, patients, and families fight thousands of life- and limb-threatening battles daily, involving preventable heart disease, diabetes, strokes and amputations. Yet the global clinical and scientific communities, indeed society at large, have barely begun to mobilize. Fighting this war requires confronting and altering "obesogenic" and "diabetogenic" economic and social factors, including food and beverage marketing and pricing that push diets engorged with processed sugars. Ginsberg, in a study recently published in IJHPR, contributes to our understanding of the combined sugar-related health burdens in Israel, producing an epidemiology and health economics study that estimates the health burdens of obesity, overweight, and dental caries in Israel today. He projects the reductions resulting from that portion of disease burden and associated costs if sugar consumption declined to 10 or 5% of daily caloric consumption as a result of multifaceted public health interventions. Projected over 70 years, these reductions in sugar consumption would prevent 16,590 and 34,580 deaths, respectively. These numbers of Israeli deaths averted are similar to, or exceed, the total resulting from armed conflict or terrorism over the past 70 years. While overconsumption of sugar is only one of many factors that drive cardio-metabolic disease, the study by Ginsberg suggests a path through which we can overcome the numerous internal and external obstacles that societies face in making a public policy commitment to fight the warm on the home front: promoting health by reducing added sugar exposure.

Iranian adolescent girls' barriers in accessing sexual and reproductive health information and services: a qualitative study.

PubMed

Shariati, Mohammed; Babazadeh, Raheleh; Mousavi, Seyed Abbas; Najmabadi, Khadijeh Mirzaii

2014-10-01

Adolescence is a critical period of transition from childhood to adulthood. In today's world, to pass through this period successfully it is necessary to have adequate information and knowledge about sexual and reproductive health (SRH) issues. In Iran, it is crucial that special attention be paid to reproductive health services for adolescents, especially for girls. This study aimed to explore the views and experiences of adolescent girls and key adults around the barriers to access of Iranian adolescent girls to SRH information and services. In this qualitative study, data were gathered through focus groups and semi-structured interviews with 247 adolescent girls and 71 key adults including mothers, teachers, health providers, governmental, nongovernmental and international managers of health programmes, health policymakers, sociologists and clergy in four Iranian cities. Data were coded and categorised using content analysis by MAXQDA10. The main barriers identified were classified in four categories: (1) social and cultural barriers such as taboos; (2) structural and administrative barriers such as inappropriate structure of the health system; (3) political barriers such as lack of an adopted strategy by the government and (4) non-use of religious potential. Adolescent SRH in Iran should be firmly established as a priority for government leaders and policymakers. They should try to provide those services that are consistent with the community's cultural and religious values for adolescent girls. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Early Lessons in Restructuring Schools: Case Studies of Schools of Tomorrow...Today.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lieberman, Ann; And Others

The call to restructure schools is born from a new set of challenges facing U.S. society as well as its education system. This paper describes the process followed by 12 schools that participated in meeting the challenges in the "Schools of Tomorrow...Today" (ST/T) project, supported by the New York City Teacher Centers Consortium (TCC) of the…

Intellectual Engagement, Good Grades and "Doing School": Latest Reports from CEA's What Did You Do in School Today? Initiative

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sefcik, Michael

2013-01-01

Are students just "doing school" or are they engaged with their studies? How does a student's level of engagement influence learning, achievement, and teaching? The latest series of What did you do in school today? reports focus on academic outcomes, instructional challenge, and intellectual engagement. The reports reveal there is a…

Energy Smart Guide to Campus Cost Savings: Today's Trends in Project Finance, Clean Fuel Fleets, Combined Heat& Power, Emissions Markets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

2003-07-01

The Energy Smart Guide to Campus Cost Savings covers today's trends in project finance, combined heat& power, clean fuel fleets and emissions trading. The guide is directed at campus facilities and business managers and contains general guidance, contact information and case studies from colleges and universities across the country.

Catholic School Leadership: School Climate and Culture and the Influence on Principal Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beckley, Gary M.

2012-01-01

Today's Catholic educators face a very different world, creating a change in the role and responsibility of the principal. The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the culture and climate affect satisfaction in the principal's role that warrants becoming and remaining a principal in today's Catholic schools. This…

Debunking the Myth-tery: How the New AASL Standards Unplugged Mythology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbard, Erin E.

2009-01-01

Though few students realize it, many things in today's culture exist because of mythology. This article argues that library media specialists and teachers can teach mythology but it must be applied to the 21st century and shown its relevance in today's world. The article demonstrates that mythology studies are alive and well when the new AASL…

[Methodological and operational notes for the assessment and management of the risk of work-related stress].

PubMed

De Ambrogi, Francesco; Ratti, Elisabetta Ceppi

2011-01-01

Today the Italian national debate over the Work-Related Stress Risk Assessment methodology is rather heated. Several methodological proposals and guidelines have been published in recent months, not least those by the "Commissione Consultiva". But despite this wide range of proposals, it appears that there is still a lack of attention to some of the basic methodological issues that must be taken into account in order to correctly implement the above-mentioned guidelines. The aim of this paper is to outline these methodological issues. In order to achieve this, the most authoritative methodological proposals and guidelines have been reviewed. The study focuses in particular on the methodological issues that could lead to important biases if not considered properly. The study leads to some considerations about the methodological validity of a Work-Related Stress Risk Assessment based exclusively on the literal interpretation of the considered proposals. Furthermore, the study provides some hints and working hypotheses on how to overcome these methodological limits. This study should be considered as a starting point for further investigations and debate on the Work-Related Stress Risk Assessment methodology on a national level.

Direct and extended intergenerational contact and young people's attitudes towards older adults.

PubMed

Drury, Lisbeth; Hutchison, Paul; Abrams, Dominic

2016-09-01

Research suggests that positive intergenerational contact can improve young people's attitudes towards older adults. However, today's age-segregated society may not provide ample opportunities for positive contact between younger and older adults to occur on a regular basis. In three studies, we investigated whether the positive attitudinal outcomes associated with direct contact might also stem from a more indirect form of intergenerational relationship: extended contact. In Study 1 (N = 70), extended contact was associated with more positive attitudes towards older adults even when controlling for direct intergenerational contact (contact frequency and contact quality). In Study 2 (N = 110), the positive effects of direct and extended contact on young people's age-related attitudes were mediated by reductions in intergroup anxiety and ageing anxiety. The mediational effects of intergroup anxiety were replicated in Study 3 (N = 95) and ingroup norms additionally emerged as a mediator of the positive effects of extended contact on young people's attitudes towards older adults. Discussion focuses on the implications for strategies aimed at tackling ageism. ©2016 The Authors. British Journal of Social Psychology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Psychological Society.

The innate immune system in chronic cardiomyopathy: a European Society of Cardiology (ESC) scientific statement from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the ESC.

PubMed

Frantz, Stefan; Falcao-Pires, Ines; Balligand, Jean-Luc; Bauersachs, Johann; Brutsaert, Dirk; Ciccarelli, Michele; Dawson, Dana; de Windt, Leon J; Giacca, Mauro; Hamdani, Nazha; Hilfiker-Kleiner, Denise; Hirsch, Emilio; Leite-Moreira, Adelino; Mayr, Manuel; Thum, Thomas; Tocchetti, Carlo G; van der Velden, Jolanda; Varricchi, Gilda; Heymans, Stephane

2018-03-01

Activation of the immune system in heart failure (HF) has been recognized for over 20 years. Initially, experimental studies demonstrated a maladaptive role of the immune system. However, several phase III trials failed to show beneficial effects in HF with therapies directed against an immune activation. Preclinical studies today describe positive and negative effects of immune activation in HF. These different effects depend on timing and aetiology of HF. Therefore, herein we give a detailed review on immune mechanisms and their importance for the development of HF with a special focus on commonalities and differences between different forms of cardiomyopathies. The role of the immune system in ischaemic, hypertensive, diabetic, toxic, viral, genetic, peripartum, and autoimmune cardiomyopathy is discussed in depth. Overall, initial damage to the heart leads to disease specific activation of the immune system whereas in the chronic phase of HF overlapping mechanisms occur in different aetiologies. © 2018 The Authors. European Journal of Heart Failure published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Society of Cardiology.

iRadioactivity — Possibilities and Limitations for Using Smartphones and Tablet PCs as Radioactive Counters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuhn, Jochen; Molz, Alexander; Gröber, Sebastian; Frübis, Jan

2014-09-01

A study conducted in 2013 showed that about 70-80% of teens and young adults in the United States own a smartphone.1 Furthermore the number of tablet PC users in the United States will increase up to more than 80% by 2015.2 As a result, these devices have increasingly become everyday tools, particularly for the younger generation. In recent years, various articles have been published about the use of smartphones and tablet PCs as experimental tools especially in the physics classroom. This is possible because today's smartphones and tablet PCs are equipped with many sensors, which can be used to perform quantitative measurements of sound, acceleration, magnetic flux density, air pressure, light intensity, humidity, angular velocity, temperature, or position on Earth (GPS). While previous articles mainly present experiments on mechanics or acoustics, in which the acceleration sensor or the microphone is used (for a synopsis of different examples, see Ref. 3; for recent papers, see Refs.), in this article we focus on experiments for studying radioactivity using the camera sensor.

Endovascular Renal Artery Denervation: Why, When, and How?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sapoval, Marc, E-mail: marc.sapoval2@egp.aphp.fr; Azizi, Michel; Bobrie, Guillaume

Endovascular renal artery denervation (ERAD) is a new procedure to reduce renal and systemic sympathetic overactivity in hypertensive patients. The role of sympathetic overactivity is recognized since a long time as being one the contributor of human hypertension. In support of this view, several studies in experimental models of hypertension in animal as well as hypertensive human subjects have demonstrated that sympathetic overactivity plays a central role in hypertension catheter based renal denervation is now possible, and this procedure may provide a useful adjunct for the management of patients with drug-resistant primary hypertension. Following a cohort study, the results ofmore » an open label randomized control trial have been published showing very encouraging results. The purpose of this paper is to help interventionalists to better understand the medical and technical issues related to this new intervention. It is most likely that as underlined in a recent editorial several other technical approaches may appear in the future, however because this is the only technique that is available today, we will focus on radiofrequency based technique.« less

More about the developing of invisible lipstick-contaminated lipmarks on human skin: the usefulness of fluorescent dyes.

PubMed

Navarro, E; Castelló, A; López-Alfaro, J A; Verdú, F

2007-08-01

At the present time fingerprints are one of the simplest, and most reliable means of identification. Increasingly, crime scene investigators look for palm, foot, ear or lip prints. With regard to lip prints, the use, very common today, of protective or permanent lipsticks allow the production an invisible lipmark (or invisible lipstick-contaminated lipmark) which is possible to develop. Some results have already been published about developers useful for different kinds of surfaces (both porous and non-porous) as well as those which are more efficient in case of old or recent prints. The latest studies are about the developing on human skin, and they prove the usefulness of lysochromes (specifically Sudan Black) for the develop of recent invisible lipstick-contaminated lipmarks on corpse skin. This study attempts to determine the efficiency of fluorescent reagents to develop invisible lipstick-contaminated lipmark on human skin. Results show that REDescent Fluorescent Latent Prints Powder is effective for obtaining recent invisible lipstick-contaminated lip mark on the skin of deceased.

Impact of corpus domain for sentiment classification: An evaluation study using supervised machine learning techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karsi, Redouane; Zaim, Mounia; El Alami, Jamila

2017-07-01

Thanks to the development of the internet, a large community now has the possibility to communicate and express its opinions and preferences through multiple media such as blogs, forums, social networks and e-commerce sites. Today, it becomes clearer that opinions published on the web are a very valuable source for decision-making, so a rapidly growing field of research called “sentiment analysis” is born to address the problem of automatically determining the polarity (Positive, negative, neutral,…) of textual opinions. People expressing themselves in a particular domain often use specific domain language expressions, thus, building a classifier, which performs well in different domains is a challenging problem. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the impact of domain for sentiment classification when using machine learning techniques. In our study three popular machine learning techniques: Support Vector Machines (SVM), Naive Bayes and K nearest neighbors(KNN) were applied on datasets collected from different domains. Experimental results show that Support Vector Machines outperforms other classifiers in all domains, since it achieved at least 74.75% accuracy with a standard deviation of 4,08.

Gender bias and judicial decisions of undue influence in testamentary challenges.

PubMed

Recupero, Patricia R; Christopher, Paul P; Strong, David R; Price, Marilyn; Harms, Samara E

2015-03-01

Allegations of undue influence constitute a common basis for contests of wills. Legal research from the 1990s suggests that gender bias factors significantly into judicial decision-making regarding alleged undue influence and testamentary intent. In this study, we sought to assess whether this bias is present today and to identify any factors that may be associated with it. Probate judges from several jurisdictions in the United States were asked to consider two hypothetical case vignettes drawn from actual published decisions. In our study, the gender of the testator played only a minor role in how judges weighed factors in the decision-making process and, overall, did not significantly influence opinions regarding the presence of undue influence. The specifics of the case and the gender of the judge emerged as the most consistent and robust potential influences on decision-making. Our results suggest that probate rulings involving undue influence are likely to represent a complex interaction of factors involving the testator's and judge's genders and the specifics of individual cases. The implications of these findings are discussed. © 2015 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

Sedentary behavior and physical activity in youth with recent onset of type 2 diabetes.

PubMed

Kriska, Andrea; Delahanty, Linda; Edelstein, Sharon; Amodei, Nancy; Chadwick, Jennifer; Copeland, Kenneth; Galvin, Bryan; El ghormli, Laure; Haymond, Morey; Kelsey, Megan; Lassiter, Chad; Mayer-Davis, Elizabeth; Milaszewski, Kerry; Syme, Amy

2013-03-01

With the rise of type 2 diabetes in youth, it is critical to investigate factors such as physical activity (PA) and time spent sedentary that may be contributing to this public health problem. This article describes PA and sedentary time in a large cohort of youth with type 2 diabetes and compares these levels with other large-scale investigations. The Treatment Options for Type 2 Diabetes in Adolescents and Youth (TODAY) trial is a study in 699 youth, recruited from 15 US clinical centers, aged 10 to 17 years with <2 years of type 2 diabetes and a BMI ≥85th percentile. In comparison with the subset of the NHANES cohort who were obese (BMI ≥95th percentile), TODAY youth spent significantly more time being sedentary (difference averaging 56 minutes per day; P < .001) as assessed by accelerometry. Although moderate to vigorous activity levels in both obese cohorts for all age groups were exceptionally low, younger TODAY boys were still significantly less active than similarly aged NHANES youth. Comparisons between the TODAY girls and other investigations suggest that the TODAY girls also had relatively lower PA and fitness levels. Adolescents with type 2 diabetes from the large TODAY cohort appear to be less physically active and tend to spend more time being sedentary than similarly aged youth without diabetes identified from other large national investigations. Treatment efforts in adolescents with type 2 diabetes should include decreasing sitting along with efforts to increase PA levels.

Women in engineering conference: capitalizing on today`s challenges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Metz, S.S.; Martins, S.M.

This document contains the conference proceedings of the Women in Engineering Conference: Capitalizing on Today`s Challenges, held June 1-4, 1996 in Denver, Colorado. Topics included engineering and science education, career paths, workplace issues, and affirmative action.

Histamine intolerance and dietary management: A complete review.

PubMed

San Mauro Martin, I; Brachero, S; Garicano Vilar, E

2016-01-01

Present in several types of food, bioactive amines are described as organic bases of low molecular weight, which constitute a potential health risk. An awareness of amine levels in foods today is therefore important in relation to food safety and patient care. This review aims to emphasise the need to unify the information on the content of biogenic amines in foods and prevent patients' misunderstanding. Selective literature search for relevant publications in PubMed and other scientific data bases combined with further data from the World Wide Web on histamine and other amines content in foods. Available reference sources do not reflect a homogeneous consensus, and the variation between foods makes it impossible for dieticians to accurately estimate amines content to correctly advise patients. To achieve the goal of collecting reliable information, all methods and tools used in analytical studies should be standardised and information exposed to patients should be verified. Copyright © 2016 SEICAP. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Obesity and PCOS: implications for diagnosis and treatment.

PubMed

Legro, Richard S

2012-12-01

There appears to be an epidemic of both obesity and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in the world today. However, obesity per se is not a part of the phenotype in many parts of the world. Obesity is likely not a cause of PCOS, as the high prevalence of PCOS among relatively thin populations demonstrates. However, obesity does exacerbate many aspects of the phenotype, especially cardiovascular risk factors such as glucose intolerance and dyslipidemia. It is also associated with a poor response to infertility treatment and likely an increased risk for pregnancy complications in those women who do conceive. Although most treatments of obesity, with the exception of bariatric surgery, achieve modest reductions in weight and improvements in the PCOS phenotype, encouraging weight loss in the obese patient remains one of the front-line therapies. However, further studies are needed to identify the best treatments, and the role of lifestyle therapies in women of normal weight with PCOS is uncertain. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

The Corvids Literature Database—500 years of ornithological research from a crow’s perspective

PubMed Central

Droege, Gabriele; Töpfer, Till

2016-01-01

Corvids (Corvidae) play a major role in ornithological research. Because of their worldwide distribution, diversity and adaptiveness, they have been studied extensively. The aim of the Corvids Literature Database (CLD, http://www.corvids.de/cld) is to record all publications (citation format) on all extant and extinct Crows, Ravens, Jays and Magpies worldwide and tag them with specific keywords making them available for researchers worldwide. The self-maintained project started in 2006 and today comprises 8000 articles, spanning almost 500 years. The CLD covers publications from 164 countries, written in 36 languages and published by 8026 authors in 1503 journals (plus books, theses and other publications). Forty-nine percent of all records are available online as full-text documents or deposited in the physical CLD archive. The CLD contains 442 original corvid descriptions. Here, we present a metadata assessment of articles recorded in the CLD including a gap analysis and prospects for future research. Database URL: http://www.corvids.de/cld PMID:26868053

Application of high resolution synchrotron micro-CT radiation in dental implant osseointegration.

PubMed

Neldam, Camilla Albeck; Lauridsen, Torsten; Rack, Alexander; Lefolii, Tore Tranberg; Jørgensen, Niklas Rye; Feidenhans'l, Robert; Pinholt, Else Marie

2015-06-01

The purpose of this study was to describe a refined method using high-resolution synchrotron radiation microtomography (SRmicro-CT) to evaluate osseointegration and peri-implant bone volume fraction after titanium dental implant insertion. SRmicro-CT is considered gold standard evaluating bone microarchitecture. Its high resolution, high contrast, and excellent high signal-to-noise-ratio all contribute to the highest spatial resolutions achievable today. Using SRmicro-CT at a voxel size of 5 μm in an experimental goat mandible model, the peri-implant bone volume fraction was found to quickly increase to 50% as the radial distance from the implant surface increased, and levelled out to approximately 80% at a distance of 400 μm. This method has been successful in depicting the bone and cavities in three dimensions thereby enabling us to give a more precise answer to the fraction of the bone-to-implant contact compared to previous methods. Copyright © 2015 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Review: LC coupled to low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry for new psychoactive substance screening in biological matrices - Where do we stand today?

PubMed

Meyer, Markus R; Maurer, Hans H

2016-07-13

The field of new psychoactive substances (NPS) is highly dynamic and the situation changes from year to year. Therefore, the current review provides a timely update about the latest developments to help analysts keep the pace with NPS distribution. It covers PubMed-listed studies published between January 2014 and January 2016 dealing with the application of liquid chromatography (LC) coupled low- and high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) for broad screenings for NPS in clinical (CT) and forensic (FT) toxicology. Latest developments and applications are highlighted and selected papers critically discussed. Comprehensive tables summarizing all discussed articles complete the overview. Finally, an outlook on the future of LC coupled MS in CT and FT is provided and readers will learn why low-resolution mass spectrometry might remain the standard for the next couple of years at least for easy-to-use quantitative screening procedures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Refined Ordovician timescale reveals no link between asteroid breakup and biodiversification.

PubMed

Lindskog, A; Costa, M M; Rasmussen, C M Ø; Connelly, J N; Eriksson, M E

2017-01-24

The catastrophic disruption of the L chondrite parent body in the asteroid belt c. 470 Ma initiated a prolonged meteorite bombardment of Earth that started in the Ordovician and continues today. Abundant L chondrite meteorites in Middle Ordovician strata have been interpreted to be the consequence of the asteroid breakup event. Here we report a zircon U-Pb date of 467.50±0.28 Ma from a distinct bed within the meteorite-bearing interval of southern Sweden that, combined with published cosmic-ray exposure ages of co-occurring meteoritic material, provides a precise age for the L chondrite breakup at 468.0±0.3 Ma. The new zircon date requires significant revision of the Ordovician timescale that has implications for the understanding of the astrogeobiologic development during this period. It has been suggested that the Middle Ordovician meteorite bombardment played a crucial role in the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event, but this study shows that the two phenomena were unrelated.

Designing a data-driven decision support tool for nurse scheduling in the emergency department: a case study of a southern New Jersey emergency department.

PubMed

Otegbeye, Mojisola; Scriber, Roslyn; Ducoin, Donna; Glasofer, Amy

2015-01-01

A health system serving Burlington and Camden Counties, New Jersey, sought to improve labor productivity for its emergency departments, with emphasis on optimizing nursing staff schedules. Using historical emergency department visit data and operating constraints, a decision support tool was designed to recommend the number of emergency nurses needed in each hour for each day of the week. The pilot emergency department nurse managers used the decision support tool's recommendations to redeploy nurse hours from weekends into a float pool to support periods of demand spikes on weekdays. Productivity improved significantly, with no unfavorable impact on patient throughput, and patient and staff satisfaction. Today's emergency department manager can leverage the increasing ease of access to the emergency department information system's data repository to successfully design a simple but effective tool to support the alignment of its nursing schedule with demand patterns. Copyright © 2015 Emergency Nurses Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Competence development in undergraduate medical schools: a model with entrusted professional activities].

PubMed

Torruco-García, Uri; Ortiz-Montalvo, Armando; Varela-Ruiz, Margarita Elena; Hamui-Sutton, Alicia

2016-01-01

Today´s relevant educational models emphasize that a great part of learning be situated and reflexive; one of those is the Entrusted Professional Activities model. The study objective was to develop a model that integrates Entrusted Professional Activities with a medical school curriculum. From October 2012 a multidisciplinary group met to develop a model with the specialty of obstetrics and gynecology. From two published models of Entrusted Professional Activities and the curriculum of a school of medicine, blocks, units, and daily clinical practice charts were developed. The thematic content of the curriculum was integrated with the appropriate milestones for undergraduate students and the clinical practice needed to achieve it. We wrote a manual with 37 daily clinical practice charts for students (18 of gynecology and 19 of obstetrics) and 37 for teachers. Each chart content was the daily clinical practice, reflection activities, assessment instruments, and bibliography. It is feasible to combine a model of Entrusted Professional Activities with an undergraduate curriculum, which establishes a continuum with postgraduate education.

Albert H. Munsell: A sense of color at the interface of art and science

USGS Publications Warehouse

Landa, E.R.

2004-01-01

The color theory conceived and commercialized by Albert H. Munsell (1858-1918) has become a universal part of the lexicon of soil science. An American painter noted for his seascapes and portraits, he had a long-standing interest in the description of color. Munsell began studies aimed at standardizing color description, using hue, value, and chroma scales, around 1898. His landmark treatise, "A Color Notation," was published in 1905. Munsell died about 30 years before his color charts came into wide-spread use in soil survey programs in the United States. Dorothy Nickerson, who began her career as secretary and laboratory assistant to Munsell's son, and later spent 37 years at USDA as a color-science specialist, did much to adapt the Munsell Color System to soil-color usage. The legacy of color research pioneered by A.H. Munsell is honored today by the Munsell Color Science Laboratory established in 1983 at the Rochester Institute of Technology.

Subannual layer variability in Greenland firn cores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kjær, Helle Astrid; Vallelonga, Paul; Vinther, Bo; Winstrup, Mai; Simonsen, Marius; Maffezzoli, Niccoló; Jensen, Camilla Marie

2017-04-01

Ice cores are used to infer information about the past and modern techniques allow for high resolution (< cm) continuous flow analysis (CFA) of the ice. Such analysis is often used to inform on annual layers to constrain dating of ice cores, but can also be extended to provide information on sub-annual deposition patterns. In this study we use available high resolution data from multiple shallow cores around Greenland to investigate the seasonality and trends in the most often continuously measured components sodium, insoluble dust, calcium, ammonium and conductivity (or acidity) from 1800 AD to today. We evaluate the similarities and differences between the records and discuss the causes from different sources and transport to deposition and post-deposition effects over differences in measurement set up. Further we add to the array of cores already published with measurements from the newly drilled ReCAP ice core from a coastal ice cap in eastern Greenland and from a shallow core drilled at the high accumulation site at the Greenland South Dome.

Balancing selection on immunity genes: review of the current literature and new analysis in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Croze, Myriam; Živković, Daniel; Stephan, Wolfgang; Hutter, Stephan

2016-08-01

Balancing selection has been widely assumed to be an important evolutionary force, yet even today little is known about its abundance and its impact on the patterns of genetic diversity. Several studies have shown examples of balancing selection in humans, plants or parasites, and many genes under balancing selection are involved in immunity. It has been proposed that host-parasite coevolution is one of the main forces driving immune genes to evolve under balancing selection. In this paper, we review the literature on balancing selection on immunity genes in several organisms, including Drosophila. Furthermore, we performed a genome scan for balancing selection in an African population of Drosophila melanogaster using coalescent simulations of a demographic model with and without selection. We find very few genes under balancing selection and only one novel candidate gene related to immunity. Finally, we discuss the possible causes of the low number of genes under balancing selection. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

An infectious way to teach students about outbreaks.

PubMed

Cremin, Íde; Watson, Oliver; Heffernan, Alastair; Imai, Natsuko; Ahmed, Norin; Bivegete, Sandra; Kimani, Teresia; Kyriacou, Demetris; Mahadevan, Preveina; Mustafa, Rima; Pagoni, Panagiota; Sophiea, Marisa; Whittaker, Charlie; Beacroft, Leo; Riley, Steven; Fisher, Matthew C

2018-06-01

The study of infectious disease outbreaks is required to train today's epidemiologists. A typical way to introduce and explain key epidemiological concepts is through the analysis of a historical outbreak. There are, however, few training options that explicitly utilise real-time simulated stochastic outbreaks where the participants themselves comprise the dataset they subsequently analyse. In this paper, we present a teaching exercise in which an infectious disease outbreak is simulated over a five-day period and subsequently analysed. We iteratively developed the teaching exercise to offer additional insight into analysing an outbreak. An R package for visualisation, analysis and simulation of the outbreak data was developed to accompany the practical to reinforce learning outcomes. Computer simulations of the outbreak revealed deviations from observed dynamics, highlighting how simplifying assumptions conventionally made in mathematical models often differ from reality. Here we provide a pedagogical tool for others to use and adapt in their own settings. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Denudational surface processes and trends of relief development in mountain valleys in western Norway

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laute, Katja; Beylich, Achim A.

2014-05-01

The various rates at which mountain landscapes are changing today are a response to (i) the long-term landscape history, (ii) the contemporary imprint of current tectonic activity, (iii) climate variability and (iv) anthropogenic influences. Large areas of the Norwegian mountainous fjord landscapes are today occupied by hillslopes which reflect the influence of glacial inheritance from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) as a direct response to climate variability during the Pleistocene. This study deals with the quantitative analysis of denudational slope processes and relief development occurring in selected mountain valleys in western Norway from the end of the LGM until today. The main focus of this research is two-fold: (i) analyzing the complexity of hillslope development since the LGM in glacially formed valleys, and (ii) assessing the spatio-temporal variability, controls and rates of relevant denudational slope processes operating under Holocene to contemporary environmental conditions in western Norway. Five years of research (2009-2013) were conducted in two steep, parabolic-shaped and glacier-connected neighbouring drainage basins, Erdalen (79.5 km2) and Bødalen (60.1 km2), located on the western side of the Jostedalsbreen ice cap in western Norway. The process-based approach applied encompasses techniques and methods for geomorphic process analysis of past (e.g. DEM/GIS based spatial data analysis, geophysical investigation of slope storage) and contemporary (process monitoring in field, in-depth studies of relevant slope processes) denudational process activity. The main results of this work reveal that the Holocene to contemporary slope processes and the connected relief development during this time period are primarily controlled by the imprint of the glacial history of the study areas which can be seen as a direct response to climate variability. Apart from that, a significant influence of the Little Ice Age (LIA) glacier advance on hillslope morphometry was discovered, with the LIA glacier advance causing higher intensities of post-LIA denudation on hillslope systems affected by the LIA glacier advance as compared to non-affected hillslope systems. Distinct differences are found between single headwater systems of the Erdalen and Bødalen drainage basins (i) regarding the absolute and relative importance of different contemporary slope processes as well as (ii) with respect to the importance of sediment delivery from headwater systems for the sedimentary budgets of the entire drainage basin systems. The detected differences are seen as a direct consequence of the varying glacially inherited valley morphometries which determine hillslope storage capacity, the average process transport distances and the intensity of hillslope-channel coupling. A comparison to geomorphic process rates published for other cold climate environments situated at high latitudes of the northern hemisphere permits the statement that the general intensity of present-day denudational processes in Erdalen and Bødalen is in a comparable range of magnitude. Even though denudational slope processes are leading to an ongoing valley widening, the Holocene modification of the inherited glacial relief until today is regarded to be minor. The results from the two selected typical drainage basins are considered to be representative on a regional scale for the mountainous fjord landscape in western Norway.

Targeted therapy in advanced gastric carcinoma: the future is beginning.

PubMed

Schinzari, G; Cassano, A; Orlandi, A; Basso, M; Barone, C

2014-01-01

Gastric cancer represents one of the most common cancer worldwide. Unfortunately, the majority of patients present in advanced stage and outcome still remains poor with high mortality rate despite decreasing incidence and new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Although utility of classical chemotherapy agents has been widely explored, advances have been slow and the efficacy of these agents has reached a plateau of median overall survival not higher than 12 months. Therefore, researchers focused their attention on better understanding molecular biology of carcinogenesis and deeper knowledge of the cancer cell phenotype, as well on development of rationally designed drugs that would target specific molecular aberrancies in signal transduction pathways. These targets include cell surface receptors, circulating growth and angiogenic factors and other molecules involved in downstream intracellular signaling pathways, including receptor tyrosine kinases. However, therapeutic advances in gastric cancer are not so encouraging when compared to other solid organ malignancies such as breast and colorectal cancer. This article reviews the role of targeted agents in gastric cancer as single-agent therapy or in combination regimens, including their rational and emerging mechanism of action, current and emerging data. We focused our attention mainly on published phase III studies, therefore cornerstone clinical trials with trastuzumab and bevacizumab have been largely discussed. Phase III studies presented in important international meetings are also reviewed as well phase II published studies and promising new therapies investigated in preclinical or phase I studies. Today, in first-line treatment only trastuzumab has shown significantly increased survival in combination with chemotherapy, whereas ramucirumab as single agent resulted effective in progressing patients, but - despite several disappointing results - these are the proof of principle that targeting the proper molecular aberration is the best way for implementing outcome of therapy.

Torque Studies of Quantum Oscillations in Anisotropic Metals and Superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Julian, Stephen

1998-03-01

Quantum oscillations provide unique information about the properties of charged quasiparticles at the Fermi surface, but their measurement demands both very pure samples and extremely high measurement sensitivity. Shoenberg first used a torque method to study de Haas van Alphen oscillations in 1937. Since then, under the combined influence of the development of competing techniques, the evolution of magnet technology, and the changing frontiers of condensed matter physics, the technique has come in and out of vogue a number of times. Today the method is undergoing a renaissance for two reasons. Firstly it is ideally suited to the study of quantum oscillations in highly anisotropic metals such as organic metals,( C. Lupien, L. Taillefer, et al., to be published.) two dimensional electron gases in semiconductor heterostructures,( S.A.J. Wiegers, M. Specht, L.P. Lévy, M.Y. Simmons, D.A. Ritchie, A. Cavanna, B. Etienne, G. Martinez and P. Wyder, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79) (1997) 3238, and references therein. and strongly correlated oxides,( C. Bergemann, S.R. Julian, A.P. Mackenzie, et al., to be published.) all of which have become subjects of intense interest. Secondly, the development of micromachined levers allows the observation of quantum oscillations in nanogram sized samples. It is hoped that this will allow the study of quasiparticle Fermi surfaces in the large number of materials for which only very small single crystals are available. In this talk the information available from quantum oscillation measurements, and the historical development of the torque technique, will be reviewed. An overview will then be given of recent measurements, emphasising the advantages and disadvantages of the torque method as compared with competing techniques.

United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine: Warfighter Research Focusing on the Past 25 Years

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

effect today. Additional military nutrition issues were also investigated in the mid-1990s. Observational studies assessed dietary intake, nutritional...soldiers regularly consumed countless dietary supplements, observations of continued concern, even today. Also in 1991, investigations on nutritional...commercial food product containing supplemental energy, structured lipids, and micronutrients normalized im- mune function, an observation confirmed in a

Studying Episodic Access to Personal Digital Activity: Activity Trails Prototype

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cangiano, Gaston R.

2011-01-01

It was just a generation ago that computers entered the workplace. Back then, they only "represented" the work we did, nothing else. But today, some sort of computing device is involved in how we play, how we communicate, how we get our news and of course, how we work. What this means is that today almost all aspects of our lives are "represented"…

Top 10 metrics for life science software good practices.

PubMed

Artaza, Haydee; Chue Hong, Neil; Corpas, Manuel; Corpuz, Angel; Hooft, Rob; Jimenez, Rafael C; Leskošek, Brane; Olivier, Brett G; Stourac, Jan; Svobodová Vařeková, Radka; Van Parys, Thomas; Vaughan, Daniel

2016-01-01

Metrics for assessing adoption of good development practices are a useful way to ensure that software is sustainable, reusable and functional. Sustainability means that the software used today will be available - and continue to be improved and supported - in the future. We report here an initial set of metrics that measure good practices in software development. This initiative differs from previously developed efforts in being a community-driven grassroots approach where experts from different organisations propose good software practices that have reasonable potential to be adopted by the communities they represent. We not only focus our efforts on understanding and prioritising good practices, we assess their feasibility for implementation and publish them here.

World-wide amateur observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eversberg, T.; Aldoretta, E. J.; Knapen, J. H.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Morel, T.; Ramiaramanantsoa, T.; Rauw, G.; Richardson, N. D.; St-Louis, N.; Teodoro, M.

For some years now, spectroscopic measurements of massive stars in the amateur domain have been fulfilling professional requirements. Various groups in the northern and southern hemispheres have been established, running successful professional-amateur (ProAm) collaborative campaigns, e.g., on WR, O and B type stars. Today high quality data (echelle and long-slit) are regularly delivered and corresponding results published. Night-to-night long-term observations over months to years open a new opportunity for massive-star research. We introduce recent and ongoing sample campaigns (e.g. ɛ Aur, WR 134, ζ Pup), show respective results and highlight the vast amount of data collected in various data bases. Ultimately it is in the time-dependent domain where amateurs can shine most.

[The classics of Italian nephrology: the monograph ''Le nefropatie'' (Renal diseases) 1880-1946].

PubMed

Ferrata, Adolfo

2007-01-01

This paper, the first of the new feature ''The Classics of Italian Nephrology'', describes the monograph published in 1940 ''Le nefropatie. Manuale per i medici e studenti'' (Renal Diseases. Handbook for Doctors and Students). It was written by Adolfo Ferrata (1880-1946), who is remembered today for his important contributions to the advancement of hematology. The book, which has more than 400 pages and many illustrations, especially of pathologic anatomy, is the product of teamwork involving several pupils and coworkers of Ferrata. It describes all aspects of medical renal diseases known at the time, and from an historical viewpoint represents an interesting testimony of the nephrological practice in Italy in the 1940s.

A Modern Approach to Preventing Prosthetic Joint Infections.

PubMed

Papas, Paraskevi Vivian; Congiusta, Dominick; Scuderi, Giles R; Cushner, Fred D

2018-02-28

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is recognized as one of the most successful surgical procedures performed today. One of the most common and dreaded complications of TKA is postoperative infection. To prevent infections, it is critical to identify patients at high risk through analyzing their risk factors, and help in addressing them prior to surgery. The effort to prevent infection must be carried through every step of the surgical process, from preoperative counseling to intraoperative measures and postoperative protocols. Hair removal, the application of antiseptics, the utilization of antibiotics, barbed sutures, smart dressings, and antibacterial washes are some of the avenues surgeons may explore to help prevent infection. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Terminal (Mis)diagnosis and the Physician–Patient Relationship in LM Montgomery’s The Blue Castle

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

LM Montgomery’s The Blue Castle was first published in 1926, yet contains many insights into medical practice that remain relevant today. The protagonist, Valancy, mistakenly receives a terminal diagnosis in a letter from her physician, who has sent her a note intended for another patient. Her interactions with the physician raise issues that are still relevant in contemporary medical education and practice, primarily the importance of effective communication in the physician–patient relationship, especially in the context of diagnosing terminal illness and handling a diagnostic error. The Blue Castle offers a useful starting point for debate and discussion in medical education about these topics. PMID:20473640

Cancer Chemotherapy: Past, Present, and Future—Part I

PubMed Central

Wright, Jane C.

1984-01-01

Cancer is of major concern today because of its high mortality. It is estimated that 66 million people in this country will eventually develop cancer; 1983 estimates were 855,000 new cases and 440,000 deaths from cancer. Because of limitations of surgery and radiation therapy in effecting a cure for cancer, chemotherapy has become increasingly important. The developments in the chemical control of cancer in man are encouraging. This two-part paper covers the historical milestones in the development of the chemical and hormonal control of cancer, present successes with the use of polychemotherapy, and the hopeful trends in research. Part II will be published in a future issue of this journal. PMID:6381742

Sukhareva--Prior to Asperger and Kanner.

PubMed

Manouilenko, Irina; Bejerot, Susanne

2015-08-01

As early as 1926, the Kiev-based child psychiatrist Grunya Efimovna Sukhareva (Груня Ефимовна Сухарева) (1891-1981) published a detailed description of autistic traits in a number of children in a scientific German psychiatry and neurology journal. She initially used the term "schizoid (eccentric) psychopathy" but later replaced it with "autistic (pathological avoidant) psychopathy" to describe the clinical picture of autism. Her original article was available almost two decades before the case reports of Asperger and Kanner; nevertheless, Sukhareva's pioneer work has been greatly overlooked. Here we present her description of autistic psychopathy in relation to the DSM-5 criteria of today.

Attracting orthodontic patients via the Internet: A 20-year evolution.

PubMed

Jorgensen, Greg

2015-12-01

A generation ago, attracting new patients to an orthodontic practice was often done simply by cultivating a few good referral sources. General dentists, including some who might have provided orthodontic treatment out of necessity, were generally glad to have a trusted specialist they could recommend to their patients. Although general dentists remain an important source of new patients today, many consumers now turn to the Internet for help selecting their own specialists. As orthodontists face more competition from various sources, successful clinicians will make it easy for search engines--and patients--to find their Web sites on the Internet. Copyright © 2015 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On the engineering design for systematic integration of agent-orientation in industrial automation.

PubMed

Yu, Liyong; Schüller, Andreas; Epple, Ulrich

2014-09-01

In today's automation industry, agent-oriented development of system functionalities appears to have a great potential for increasing autonomy and flexibility of complex operations, while lowering the workload of users. In this paper, we present a reference model for the harmonious and systematical integration of agent-orientation in industrial automation. Considering compatibility with existing automation systems and best practice, this model combines advantages of function block technology, service orientation and native description methods from the automation standard IEC 61131-3. This approach can be applied as a guideline for the engineering design of future agent-oriented automation systems. Copyright © 2014 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

History of psychiatry and the psychiatric profession.

PubMed

Beer, Michael D

2009-11-01

The present article reviews the English language literature on the history of psychiatry published within the previous year. Research has been conducted in the history of clinical syndromes, famous people and psychiatrists, psychiatric institutions, treatments and legislations. The importance of the sociocultural contexts has been shown, particularly in research emanating from Europe and North America, which addresses late 18th to late 20th century issues. Much varied and important research on the history of psychiatry is being performed around the world. This scholarship provides insight into the cultural context and ways in which psychiatry was practised in the past and can help shed light on the way in which psychiatry is conducted today.

History of tachinid classification (Diptera, Tachinidae)

PubMed Central

O’Hara, James E.

2013-01-01

Abstract The history of the classification of the Tachinidae (Diptera) is traced from Meigen to the present. The contributions of Robineau-Desvoidy, Townsend, Villeneuve, Mesnil, Herting, Wood and many others are discussed within a chronological, taxonomic, and geographic context. The gradual development of the Tachinidae into its modern concept as a family of the Oestroidea and the emergence of the classificatory scheme of tribes and subfamilies in use today are reviewed. Certain taxa that have in the past been difficult to place, or continue to be of uncertain affinity, are considered and some are given in a table to show their varied historical treatments. The more significant systematic works published on the Tachinidae in recent decades are enumerated chronologically. PMID:23878512

Ernst Haeckel's biodynamics 1866 and the occult basis of organic farming

PubMed Central

Kutschera, Ulrich

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT One hundred and 50 years ago (Sept. 1866), Ernst Haeckel published a monograph entitled General Morphology of Organisms, wherein key terms, such as Protista, Monera, ontogeny, phylogeny, ecology and the ‘biogenetic law’ where introduced. In addition, Haeckel coined the word “biodynamics” as a synonym for “general physiology.” In contrast, Rudolf Steiner's “biodynamic agriculture,” which originated in 1924, and was promoted via Ehrenfried Pfeiffer's book of 1938 with the same title, is an occult pseudoscience still popular today. The misuse of Haeckel's term to legitimize disproven homeopathic principles and esoteric rules within the context of applied plant research is unacceptable. PMID:27322020

Curriculum in crisis, pedagogy in disrepair: a provocation.

PubMed

Walker, Kim

2009-01-01

In this admittedly partisan text, I examine the broad contours of the nursing curriculum and pedagogy in Australia today (and while this unashamed parochialism might limit for an international audience the ideas herein, the issues being given voice might also resonate unexpectedly with those who harbour similar concerns in their part of the world). Much of what follows is drawn from personal observations over the last thirty years and frequent and often fraught conversations with peers and colleagues who have long worked in the tertiary and health service sectors. While there is a growing body of literature that supports many of the claims here there is also relative published silence around others that are perhaps more contentious.

Top 10 metrics for life science software good practices

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Metrics for assessing adoption of good development practices are a useful way to ensure that software is sustainable, reusable and functional. Sustainability means that the software used today will be available - and continue to be improved and supported - in the future. We report here an initial set of metrics that measure good practices in software development. This initiative differs from previously developed efforts in being a community-driven grassroots approach where experts from different organisations propose good software practices that have reasonable potential to be adopted by the communities they represent. We not only focus our efforts on understanding and prioritising good practices, we assess their feasibility for implementation and publish them here. PMID:27635232

People, planet and profit: Unintended consequences of legacy building materials.

PubMed

Zimmer, Anthony T; Ha, HakSoo

2017-12-15

Although an explosion of new building materials are being introduced into today's market, adequate up-front research into their chemical and physical properties as well as their potential health and environmental consequences is lacking. History has provided us with several examples where building materials were broadly deployed into society only to find that health and environmental problems resulted in unintended sustainability consequences. In the following paper, we use lead and asbestos as legacy building materials to show their similar historical trends and sustainability consequences. Our research findings show unintended consequences such as: increased remediation and litigation costs; adverse health effects; offshoring of related industries; and impediments to urban revitalization. As numerous new building materials enter today's market, another building material may have already been deployed, representing the next "asbestos." This paper also proposes an alternative methodology that can be applied in a cost-effective way into existing and upcoming building materials, to minimize and prevent potential unintended consequences and create a pathway for sustainable communities. For instance, our findings show that this proposed methodology could have prevented the unintended incurred sustainability costs of approximately $272-$359 billion by investing roughly $24 million in constant 2014 U.S. dollars on up-front research into lead and asbestos. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

The Library of the Royal Society of Physicians in Budapest becomes today's Semmelweis Medical History Library

PubMed Central

Kaproncszay, Katalin; Magyar, László András; Putnam, Constance E

2011-01-01

Objectives: The 170-year history of the library of the Royal Society of Medicine in Budapest illustrates both that political and cultural context matter and that “medical” libraries, if they survive, in due course become primarily “medical history” libraries. Methods: Two of the authors are on the staff of the Semmelweis Medical History Library; the third is a US scholar who makes frequent use of the library. Together, they avail themselves of archival and published materials—and personal experience with the collection—to establish the context that produced the original library, trace its evolution, and describe its present-day incarnation. Results: A tale of transformation emerges that reflects how collections are likely to change. The authors present events and individuals in the life of the Royal Society's library and paint a picture of the value of today's Semmelweis Medical History Library. Unique treasures in the collection are described. Conclusion: The story told here is of how a particular nineteenth-century library became a twenty-first–century institution. The authors establish its peculiarly Hungarian context and potential value to librarians and historians from outside Hungary. The overall message is that general medical libraries everywhere are perforce likely to become medical historical libraries over time. PMID:21243053

Hydropower resources at risk: The status of hydropower regulation and development - 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunt, R.T.; Hunt, J.A.

This report documents today`s hydropower licensing and development status based on published data as follows: (a) Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) databases, maintained by FERC`s Office of Hydropower Licensing, of: (1) operating FERC-regulated projects, federal projects, and known unlicensed projects; (2) surrendered licenses; and, (3) recent licensing and relicensing actions; (b) Energy Information Administration (EIA) data on installed capacity and generation from 1949 through 1995 for the various resources used to produce electricity in the U.S.; and, (c) FERC licensing orders, and environmental assessments or environmental impact statements for each individual project relicensed since 1980. The analysis conducted to preparemore » this paper includes the effects of all FERC hydropower licensing actions since 1980, and applies those findings to estimate the costs of hydropower licensing and development activity for the next 15 years. It also quantifies the national cost of hydropower regulation. The future estimates are quite conservative. The are presented in 1996 dollars without speculating on the effects of future inflation, license surrenders, conditions imposed through open-ended license articles, license terms greater than 30 years, or low water years. Instead, they show the most directly predictable influences on licensing outcomes using actual experiences since ECPA (after 1986).« less

Our words, our story: a textual analysis of articles published in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association/Journal of the Medical Library Association from 1961 to 2010.

PubMed

Funk, Mark E

2013-01-01

This lecture explores changes in the medical library profession over the last fifty years, as revealed by individual word usage in a body of literature. I downloaded articles published in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association and Journal of the Medical Library Association between 1961 and 2000 to create an electronic corpus and tracked annual frequency of individual word usage. I used frequency sparklines of words, matching one of four archetypal shapes (level, rise, fall, and rise-and-fall) to identify significant words. Most significant words fell into the categories of environment, management, technology, and research. Based on word usage changes, the following trends are revealed: Compared to 1961, today's medical librarians are more concerned with digital information, not physical packages. We prefer information to be evidence-based. We focus more on health than medicine. We are reaching out to new constituents, sometimes leaving our building to do so. Teaching has become important for us. We run our libraries more like businesses, using constantly changing technology. We are publishing more research articles. Although these words were chosen by individual authors to tell their particular stories, in the aggregate, our words reveal our story of change in our profession.

Dr John Nottingham's 1854 Landmark Treatise on Conical Cornea Considered in the Context of the Current Knowledge of Keratoconus.

PubMed

Gokul, Akilesh; Patel, Dipika V; McGhee, Charles N J

2016-05-01

John Nottingham has been widely credited with the first accurate description of keratoconus in his treatise on conical cornea, published in 1854. Contained within the 270-page treatise are accounts and theories of keratoconus postulated by authors such as Scarpa, von Carion, von Ammon, and Mackenzie, synthesized by Nottingham in a treatise containing his own original observations. Nottingham's work delves deeply into keratoconus, with coverage reminiscent of a modern review, albeit in a far less succinct manner. He extensively describes the epidemiology, clinical presentation, underlying cause, and treatment of keratoconus. However, the concepts put forth are limited largely by the contemporary lack of understanding of the underlying anatomy and physiology of the eye, and the observations, by technological limitations. He postulates a similar treatment algorithm to that used today; optical devices being the management option of choice in the mild stages with surgery being a last resort. None of the surgical methods discussed are used in the modern era, but he does make reference to the possible efficacy of corneal transplantation. Nottingham's treatise was published over 160 years ago, yet his ideas and observations are surprisingly accurate. It is very possible that he was the first person to publish an accurate, comprehensive description of keratoconus.

[Prevention of Neonatal Group B Sreptococcal Infection. Spanish Recommendations. Update 2012. SEIMC/SEGO/SEN/SEQ/SEMFYC Consensus Document].

PubMed

Alós Cortés, Juan Ignacio; Andreu Domingo, Antonia; Arribas Mir, Lorenzo; Cabero Roura, Luis; de Cueto López, Marina; López Sastre, José; Melchor Marcos, Juan Carlos; Puertas Prieto, Alberto; de la Rosa Fraile, Manuel; Salcedo Abizanda, Salvador; Sánchez Luna, Manuel; Sanchez Pérez, María José; Torrejon Cardoso, Rafael

2013-03-01

Group B streptococci (GBS) remain the most common cause of early onset neonatal sepsis. In 2003 the Spanish Societies of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Neonatology, Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Chemotherapy, and Family and Community Medicine published updated recommendations for the prevention of early onset neonatal GBS infection. It was recommended to study all pregnant women at 35-37 weeks gestation to determine whether they were colonised by GBS, and to administer intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) to all colonised women. There has been a significant reduction in neonatal GBS infection in Spain following the widespread application of IAP. Today most cases of early onset GBS neonatal infection are due to false negative results in detecting GBS, to the lack of communication between laboratories and obstetric units, and to failures in implementing the prevention protocol. In 2010, new recommendations were published by the CDC, and this fact, together with the new knowledge and experience available, has led to the publishing of these new recommendations. The main changes in these revised recommendations include: microbiological methods to identify pregnant GBS carriers and for testing GBS antibiotic sensitivity, and the antibiotics used for IAP are updated; The significance of the presence of GBS in urine, including criteria for the diagnosis of UTI and asymptomatic bacteriuria in pregnancy are clarified; IAP in preterm labour and premature rupture of membranes, and the management of the newborn in relation to GBS carrier status of the mother are also revised. These recommendations are only addressed to the prevention of GBS early neonatal infection, are not effective against late neonatal infection. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

The labour market, psychosocial outcomes and health conditions in cancer survivors: protocol for a nationwide longitudinal survey 2 and 5 years after cancer diagnosis (the VICAN survey).

PubMed

Bouhnik, Anne-Deborah; Bendiane, Marc-Karim; Cortaredona, Sebastien; Sagaon Teyssier, Luis; Rey, Dominique; Berenger, Cyril; Seror, Valerie; Peretti-Watel, Patrick

2015-03-24

Today, a growing need exists for greater research into cancer survivorship, focusing on different spheres of the day-to-day life of diagnosed patients. This article describes the design and implementation of VICAN (VIe après le CANcer), a national survey on French cancer survivors. The target population included patients aged 18-82, diagnosed with cancer between January and June 2010, and registered in one of the three main French Health Insurance Schemes. It was restricted to 12 tumour sites. Sampling was stratified using a non-proportional allocation, based on age at diagnosis (18-52 and 53-82) and tumour site. Data were collected from telephone interviews with patients 2 and 5 years after diagnosis, a medical survey completed by the physician who initiated cancer treatment, and information from the national medicoadministrative database on reimbursement data and hospital discharge records. First data collection, 2 years after diagnosis, occurred between March and December 2012. Second data collection, 5 years after diagnosis, will be conducted in 2015. Analyses will be conducted on various outcomes: quality of life, health status and psychosocial conditions, with a particular focus on the impact of cancer diagnosis on the labour market. The variety of measurements included in the survey will enable us to control a wide range of factors. The methodology of the VICAN survey was approved by three national ethics commissions. Results of the study will be disseminated through national and international research conferences, and in articles published in international peer-reviewed journals. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Historigraphical analysis of the 1857 Ft. Tejon earthquake, San Andreas Fault, California: Preliminary results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martindale, D.; Evans, J. P.

2002-12-01

Past historical analyses of the 1857 Forth Tejon earthquake include Townley and Allen (1939); Wood (1955) re-examined the earthquake and added some additional new material, and Agnew and Sieh (1978) published an extensive review of the previous publications and included primary sources not formerly known. Since 1978, most authors have reiterated the findings of Agnew and Sieh, with the exception of Meltzner and Wald's 1998 work that built on Sieh's foreshock research and included an extensive study of aftershocks. Approximately twenty-five years has past since the last full investigation of the event. In the last several decades, libraries and archives have continued to gather additional documents. Staff members continually inventory new and existing collections, making them accessible to researchers today. As a result, we are conducting an updated examination, with the hope of new insight regarding the 1857 Fort Tejon earthquake. We use a new approached to the topic: the research skills of a historian in collaboration with a geologist to generate quantitative data on the nature and location of ground shaking associated with the earthquake. We analyze documents from the Huntington Library, California State Historical Society, California State Library-California Room, Utah Historical Association Information Center, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) Archives and Historical Department, Cal Tech Archives, the National Archives, and the Fort Tejon State Park. New facilities reviewed also include Utah State University, University of Utah, and the LDS Family History Center. Each facility not only provided formerly quoted sources, but many offered new materials. For example, previous scholars examined popular, well-known newspapers; yet, publications in smaller towns and in languages other than English, also existed. Thirty newspapers published in January 1857 were located. We find records of the event at least one year after the earthquake. One outcome of such a search includes letters, approximately eight pictures useful in structure-damage analysis. Over 170 newspapers were published during 1857 throughout California, Nevada, and New Mexico Territory, encompassing the area of Arizona and New Mexico today. Historical information regarding the settlement of areas also proved useful. Although earlier scholars knew of LDS settlement missions in San Bernardino, California and Las Vegas, Nevada, only brief information was located. Preliminary results include increasing the felt area to include Las Vegas, Nevada; support for a Mercalli Index of IX or even X for San Bernardino; VIII or greater for sites NE of Sacramento, a northwest to southeast rupture pattern, and reports of electromagnetic disturbances. Based on these results, we suggest that the 1857 Ft. Tejon earthquake be felt over a wider area, and in places created greater ground shaking, than previously documented.

Surfing or still drowning? Student nurses' Internet skills.

PubMed

Bond, Carol S

2010-07-01

A study into student nurses' ability to use the Internet was published in Nurse Education Today in 2004. This paper repeats the research with a cohort of students starting their pre-registration programme in a UK university in 2007. In 2004 students were reported as having poor Internet skills, and as not being frequent users of the Internet. In this study students were found to have significantly better ability to carry out basic tasks and significantly higher levels of Internet use. Their ability to apply these skills to more complex information literacy tasks however had not increased, with more than half of all students saying they found far too much irrelevant information when searching for specific information on the Internet. The earlier study found that skills and age were not related, which appears to still be the case. The need for these skills is increasing as education, lifelong learning, and patient information are all increasingly drawing on the developing Internet. Nurse education however is not integrating the skill and knowledge base essential to support this into pre-registration programmes, and the evidence suggests that this will not happen without active management. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.