The Nonpeptide Oxytocin Receptor Agonist WAY 267,464: Receptor-Binding Profile, Prosocial Effects and Distribution of c-Fos Expression in Adolescent Rats

PubMed Central

Hicks, C.; Jorgensen, W.; Brown, C.; Fardell, J.; Koehbach, J.; Gruber, C. W.; Kassiou, M.; Hunt, G. E.; McGregor, I. S.

2012-01-01

Previous research suggests that the nonpeptide oxytocin receptor (OTR) agonist WAY 267,464 may only partly mimic the effects of oxytocin in rodents. The present study further explored these differences and related them to OTR and vasopressin 1a receptor (V1aR) pharmacology and regional patterns of c-Fos expression. Binding data for WAY 267,464 and oxytocin were obtained by displacement binding assays on cellular membranes, while functional receptor data were generated by luciferase reporter assays. For behavioural testing, adolescent rats were tested in a social preference paradigm, the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and for locomotor activity changes following WAY 267,464 (10 and 100 mg/kg, i.p.) or oxytocin (0.1 and 1 mg/kg, i.p.). The higher doses were also examined for their effects on regional c-Fos expression. Results showed that WAY 267,464 had higher affinity (Ki) at the V1aR than the OTR (113 versus 978 nm). However, it had no functional response at the V1aR and only a weak functional effect (EC50) at the OTR (881 nm). This suggests WAY 267,464 is an OTR agonist with weak affinity and a possible V1aR antagonist. Oxytocin showed high binding at the OTR (1.0 nm) and V1aR (503 nm), with a functional EC50 of 9.0 and 59.7 nm, respectively, indicating it is a potent OTR agonist and full V1aR agonist. WAY 267,464 (100 mg/kg), but not oxytocin, significantly increased the proportion of time spent with a live rat, over a dummy rat, in the social preference test. Neither compound affected EPM behaviour, whereas the higher doses of WAY 267,464 and oxytocin suppressed locomotor activity. WAY 267,464 and oxytocin produced similar c-Fos expression in the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus, central amygdala, lateral parabrachial nucleus and nucleus of the solitary tract, suggesting a commonality of action at the OTR with the differential doses employed. However, WAY 267,464 caused greater c-Fos expression in the medial amygdala and the supraoptic nucleus than oxytocin, and lesser effects in the locus coeruleus. Overall, our results confirm the differential effects of WAY 267,464 and oxytocin and suggest that this may reflect contrasting actions of WAY 267,464 and oxytocin at the V1aR. Antagonism of the V1aR by WAY 267,464 could underlie some of the prosocial effects of this drug either through a direct action or through disinhibition of oxytocin circuitry that is subject to vasopressin inhibitory influences. PMID:22420322

A Parent's Guide to the Social Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roselle, Daniel

1974-01-01

This insert, an excerpt from a forthcoming National Council for the Social Studies booklet, explains to parents the meaning, functions, and programs of social studies and includes suggestions of ways parents may help their children get the most out of social studies. (JH)

Testing increases suggestibility for narrative-based misinformation but reduces suggestibility for question-based misinformation.

PubMed

LaPaglia, Jessica A; Chan, Jason C K

2013-01-01

A number of recent studies have found that recalling details of an event following its occurrence can increase people's suggestibility to later presented misinformation. However, several other studies have reported the opposite result, whereby earlier retrieval can reduce subsequent eyewitness suggestibility. In the present study, we investigated whether differences in the way misinformation is presented can modulate the effects of testing on suggestibility. Participants watched a video of a robbery and some were questioned about the event immediately afterwards. Later, participants were exposed to misinformation in a narrative (Experiment 1) or in questions (Experiment 2). Consistent with previous studies, we found that testing increased suggestibility when misinformation was presented via a narrative. Remarkably, when misinformation was presented in questions, testing decreased suggestibility. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sociolinguistics for Educational Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florio-Ruane, Susan

1987-01-01

Article provides a brief overview of sociolinguistics for educational researchers, describes the relevance of sociolinguistics for understanding classroom discourse, and suggests ways to measure the adequacy of sociolinguistic studies. (RB)

The Way to Wealth and the Way to Leisure: The Impact of College Education on Graduates' Earnings and Hours of Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Liang

2008-01-01

This study extends the analysis of the economic return of college education up to 10 years after college education and further examines the impact of college education on graduates' hours of work. The results suggest that variation in hours of work explains a portion of earnings differentials among college graduates. Graduates from high-quality…

The Empirical Study on the Labor Export of Three Gorges Reservoir Area in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Bangyong

There are many large surplus labor force in the three gorges reservoir area, export of labor services is one way to tackle the problem of employment of the surplus-labor and increase farmers income, export of labor is also a effective way to solve three rural issues. This paper analyzes the need for the development of service economy, study the problems of export of labor services, at last the author give some suggestion to develop labor economy.

Demonstrating Empathy for Foreign-Born Employees through Openness and Acceptance: A Quasi-Experimental Field Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stull, James B.

1986-01-01

Reports on a study measuring foreign-born employees' perceptions of supervisors' acceptance of and openness to "open" messages from the employee. Suggests ways to improve supervisory demonstrations of empathy. (MS)

Getting the Facts, Analyzing the Data, Building the Case for Institutional Distinctiveness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ratcliff, James L.

1989-01-01

Suggests sources of data related to the distinctiveness of a community college, including institutional histories, needs assessments, institutional impact studies, marketing research, and strategic planning studies. Considers ways of organizing the data. (DMM)

On intuitional stability: the clear, the strong, and the paradigmatic.

PubMed

Wright, Jennifer Cole

2010-06-01

Skepticism about the epistemic value of intuition in theoretical and philosophical inquiry has recently been bolstered by empirical research suggesting that people's concrete-case intuitions are vulnerable to irrational biases (e.g., the order effect). What is more, skeptics argue that we have no way to "calibrate" our intuitions against these biases and no way of anticipating intuitional instability. This paper challenges the skeptical position, introducing data from two studies that suggest not only that people's concrete-case intuitions are often stable, but also that people have introspective awareness of this stability, providing a promising means by which to assess the epistemic value of our intuitions.

"The internet is a mask": High School students' suggestions for preventing cyberbullying.

PubMed

Parris, Leandra N; Varjas, Kris; Meyers, Joel

2014-08-01

Interactions through technology have an important impact on today's youth. While some of these interactions are positive, there are concerns regarding students engaging in negative interactions like cyberbullying behaviors and the negative impact these behaviors have on others. The purpose of the current study was to explore participant suggestions for both students and adults for preventing cyberbullying incidents. Forty high school students participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Participant experiences and perceptions were coded using constant comparative methods to illustrate ways in which students and adults may prevent cyberbullying from occurring within their school and community. Students reported that peers would benefit from increasing online security, as well as becoming more aware of their cyber-surroundings. Regarding adult-provided prevention services, participants often discussed that there is little adults can do to reduce cyberbullying. Reasons included the difficulties in restricting online behaviors or providing effective consequences. However, some students did discuss the use of in-school curricula while suggesting that adults blame people rather than technology as potential ways to prevent cyberbullying. Findings from the current study indicate some potential ways to improve adult efforts to prevent cyberbullying. These strategies include parent/teacher training in technology and cyberbullying, interventions focused more on student behavior than technology restriction, and helping students increase their online safety and awareness.

Maximizing Social Model Principles in Residential Recovery Settings

PubMed Central

Polcin, Douglas; Mericle, Amy; Howell, Jason; Sheridan, Dave; Christensen, Jeff

2014-01-01

Abstract Peer support is integral to a variety of approaches to alcohol and drug problems. However, there is limited information about the best ways to facilitate it. The “social model” approach developed in California offers useful suggestions for facilitating peer support in residential recovery settings. Key principles include using 12-step or other mutual-help group strategies to create and facilitate a recovery environment, involving program participants in decision making and facility governance, using personal recovery experience as a way to help others, and emphasizing recovery as an interaction between the individual and their environment. Although limited in number, studies have shown favorable outcomes for social model programs. Knowledge about social model recovery and how to use it to facilitate peer support in residential recovery homes varies among providers. This article presents specific, practical suggestions for enhancing social model principles in ways that facilitate peer support in a range of recovery residences. PMID:25364996

An Experimental Study of Social and Psychological Aspects of Teleworking: The Implications for Tele-Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hobbs, Dave; Armstrong, James

The last few years have seen a growth in interest in the concept of distance-learning in the field of education and in the use of teleworking to provide a way of conducting work from home. Current predictions suggest that these could become very significant ways of learning and working in the future. The contention of this paper is that distance…

Top 10 Ways To Improve Public Schools. Innovative Solutions To Help Address the Issues and Challenges Facing Most Public School Districts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas State Comptroller of Public Accounts, Austin.

This report offers the top 10 challenges identified by public schools and the ways that the Texas School Performance Review (TSPR) suggests that these issues be addressed. The TSPR ensures that scarce education resources are spent in the classroom. For a TSPR review, the TSPR team is invited in for months of detailed study, during which it asks…

WAY 267,464, a non-peptide oxytocin receptor agonist, impairs social recognition memory in rats through a vasopressin 1A receptor antagonist action.

PubMed

Hicks, Callum; Ramos, Linnet; Reekie, Tristan A; Narlawar, Rajeshwar; Kassiou, Michael; McGregor, Iain S

2015-08-01

Recent in vitro studies suggest that the oxytocin receptor (OTR) agonist WAY 267,464 has vasopressin 1A receptor (V1AR) antagonist effects. This might limit its therapeutic potential due to the positive involvement of the V1AR in social behavior. The objective of this study was to assess functional V1AR antagonist-like effects of WAY 267,464 in vivo using a test of social recognition memory. Adult experimental rats were tested for their recognition of a juvenile conspecific rat that they had briefly met 30 or 120 min previously. The modulatory effects of vasopressin (AVP), the selective V1AR antagonist SR49059, and WAY 267,464 were examined together with those of the selective OTR antagonist Compound 25 (C25). Drugs were administered immediately after the first meeting. Control rats showed recognition of juveniles at a 30 min, but not a 120 min retention interval. AVP (0.005, but not 0.001 mg/kg intraperitoneal (i.p.)) improved memory such that recognition was evident after 120 min. This was prevented by pretreatment with SR49059 (1 mg/kg) and WAY 267,464 (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg). Given alone, SR49059 (1 mg/kg) and WAY 267,464 (30 and 100 mg/kg) impaired memory at a 30 min retention interval. The impairment with WAY 267,464 was not prevented by C25 (5 mg/kg), suggesting V1AR rather than OTR mediation of the effect. Given alone, C25 also impaired memory. These results highlight a tonic role for endogenous AVP (and oxytocin) in social recognition memory and indicate that WAY 267,464 functions in vivo as a V1AR antagonist to prevent the memory-enhancing effects of AVP.

Women's recall of obstetric complications in south Kalimantan, Indonesia.

PubMed

Ronsmans, C; Achadi, E; Cohen, S; Zazri, A

1997-09-01

The search for indicators for monitoring progress toward safe motherhood has prompted research into population-based measures of obstetric morbidity. One possible such measure is based on women's reports of their past childbirth experiences. In this prospective study in three hospitals in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, the accuracy of women's reporting of severe birth-related complications was examined. The findings of this study suggest that poor agreement exists between the way women report their experience of childbirth and the way doctors diagnose obstetric problems, although the degree of agreement varies with the type of complication. Questionnaires relying on women's experience of childbirth will tend to overestimate the prevalence of medically diagnosed obstetric problems such as those associated with excessive vaginal bleeding or dysfunctional labor. Questions suggestive of eclampsia may be more promising, although the small number of eclamptic women in this study precludes firm conclusions.

Teaching the U.S. Maritime Tradition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heitzmann, William Ray

1982-01-01

Suggests ways that information about the maritime industry can be incorporated into K-12 social studies. The author shows how maritime information can be integrated into the study of state and local history, career education, and interdisciplinary studies. A list of resources on maritime information is included. (AM)

Human Adaptation To Isolated And Confined Environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, Gary W.; Stokols, Daniel; Carrere, Sna Sybil

1992-01-01

Data from Antarctic research station analyzed. Report describes study of physiology and psychology of humans in isolated and confined environment. Suggests ways in which such environments made more acceptable to human inhabitants.

Exploring the Relationships between Facilitation Methods, Students' Sense of Community, and Their Online Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phirangee, Krystle; Epp, Carrie Demmans; Hewitt, Jim

2016-01-01

The popularity of online learning has boomed over the last few years, pushing instructors to consider the best ways to design their courses to support student learning needs and participation. Prior research suggests the need for instructor facilitation to provide this guidance and support, whereas other studies have suggested peer facilitation…

Working Politically amongst Professional Knowledge Landscapes to Implement Gender-Sensitive Physical Education Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCaughtry, Nate

2006-01-01

Background: As the conversation regarding gender and physical education has evolved, a great many suggestions have been offered that reflect ways of designing more gender sensitive environments. The problem now turns the transformation of theoretical suggestions into real change in the practices of schools. Purpose: The purpose of this study was…

Theological reflection in the supervision of pastoral care.

PubMed

Long, B

1998-01-01

Reviews some elements of group supervision in preparation for the ministry of pastoral care and suggests five steps in theologically processing a case study. Reflects on the Word of God as an interpretive resource to provide meaning to life experiences. Suggests four ways demonstrating how the habit of an interpretive approach and theological reflection can enrich the Christian community.

Using the Study of Inventions and Technologies to Interest Students in History.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beardsley, Donna A.

This document suggests uses ways of using inventions and technologies to teach history. A list of inventions and technologies can suggest topics for student research. Books about inventions and technologies are plentiful and a good source of information for students. A field trip might be helpful, or students can interview people who are in a…

Physical principles of intracellular organization via active and passive phase transitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berry, Joel; Brangwynne, Clifford P.; Haataja, Mikko

2018-04-01

Exciting recent developments suggest that phase transitions represent an important and ubiquitous mechanism underlying intracellular organization. We describe key experimental findings in this area of study, as well as the application of classical theoretical approaches for quantitatively understanding these data. We also discuss the way in which equilibrium thermodynamic driving forces may interface with the fundamentally out-of-equilibrium nature of living cells. In particular, time and/or space-dependent concentration profiles may modulate the phase behavior of biomolecules in living cells. We suggest future directions for both theoretical and experimental work that will shed light on the way in which biological activity modulates the assembly, properties, and function of viscoelastic states of living matter.

Physical principles of intracellular organization via active and passive phase transitions.

PubMed

Berry, Joel; Brangwynne, Clifford P; Haataja, Mikko

2018-04-01

Exciting recent developments suggest that phase transitions represent an important and ubiquitous mechanism underlying intracellular organization. We describe key experimental findings in this area of study, as well as the application of classical theoretical approaches for quantitatively understanding these data. We also discuss the way in which equilibrium thermodynamic driving forces may interface with the fundamentally out-of-equilibrium nature of living cells. In particular, time and/or space-dependent concentration profiles may modulate the phase behavior of biomolecules in living cells. We suggest future directions for both theoretical and experimental work that will shed light on the way in which biological activity modulates the assembly, properties, and function of viscoelastic states of living matter.

The Effectiveness of Empowerment Program on Increasing Self-Esteem, Learned Resourcefulness, and Coping Ways in Women Exposed to Domestic Violence.

PubMed

Bahadir-Yilmaz, Emel; Öz, Fatma

2018-02-01

This study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of empowerment program on increasing self-esteem, learned resourcefulness, and coping ways in women exposed to domestic violence. This experimental study was conducted between October 2012 and June 2014 in the obstetrics and gynaecology departments of the Giresun Maternity Hospital, and at the Family Counseling Center (FCC) in Turkey. Sixty women who agreed to participate in the study were randomly assigned into two groups. Data were collected by the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI), The Rosenbaum's Learned Resourcefulness Scale (RLRS), and the Ways of Coping Inventory (WCI). The assessment of the women before and after the empowerment program showed that women in the intervention group showed significant improvements in the SEI, RLRS, and WCI scores compared with controls. These results suggest that the empowerment program is an effective practice for increasing the levels of self-esteem, learned resourcefulness, and coping ways of women exposed to domestic violence.

A Cultural Interpretation of a Social Studies Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chilcott, John H.

Social studies documents were collected from teachers in the Tucson, Arizona area and examined using three theories of culture as a way to explore the interrelationships between social studies curriculum and United States society. Malinowski's functionalist position suggests that culture is composed of traits each of which provide a specific…

Communicating eating-related rules. Suggestions are more effective than restrictions.

PubMed

Stok, F Marijn; de Vet, Emely; de Wit, John B F; Renner, Britta; de Ridder, Denise T D

2015-03-01

A common social influence technique for curbing unhealthy eating behavior is to communicate eating-related rules (e.g. 'you should not eat unhealthy food'). Previous research has shown that such restrictive rules sometimes backfire and actually increase unhealthy consumption. In the current studies, we aimed to investigate if a milder form of social influence, a suggested rule, is more successful in curbing intake of unhealthy food. We also investigated how both types of rules affected psychological reactance. Students (N = 88 in Study 1, N = 51 in Study 2) completed a creativity task while a bowl of M&M's was within reach. Consumption was either explicitly forbidden (restrictive rule) or mildly discouraged (suggested rule). In the control condition, consumption was either explicitly allowed (Study 1) or M&M's were not provided (Study 2). Measures of reactance were assessed after the creativity task. Subsequently, a taste test was administered where all participants were allowed to consume M&M's. Across both studies, consumption during the creativity task did not differ between the restrictive- and suggested-rule-conditions, indicating that both are equally successful in preventing initial consumption. Restrictive-rule-condition participants reported higher reactance and consumed more in the free-eating taste-test phase than suggested-rule-condition participants and control-group participants, indicating a negative after-effect of restriction. RESULTS show that there are more and less effective ways to communicate eating-related rules. A restrictive rule, as compared to a suggested rule, induced psychological reactance and led to greater unhealthy consumption when participants were allowed to eat freely. It is important to pay attention to the way in which eating-related rules are communicated. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Space station architectural elements and issues definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, T. C.; Spencer, J. S.; Rocha, C. J.

1986-01-01

A study was conducted to define the architectural elements and issues of the Space Station. The objective of the study was to identify those questions which require further research and suggest ways in which the research can be undertaken. The study examined five primary topics, asked salient questions and described the merits of alternative solutions.

“The Internet is a Mask”: High School Students' Suggestions for Preventing Cyberbullying

PubMed Central

Parris, Leandra N.; Varjas, Kris; Meyers, Joel

2014-01-01

Introduction: Interactions through technology have an important impact on today's youth. While some of these interactions are positive, there are concerns regarding students engaging in negative interactions like cyberbullying behaviors and the negative impact these behaviors have on others. The purpose of the current study was to explore participant suggestions for both students and adults for preventing cyberbullying incidents. Methods: Forty high school students participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Participant experiences and perceptions were coded using constant comparative methods to illustrate ways in which students and adults may prevent cyberbullying from occurring within their school and community. Results: Students reported that peers would benefit from increasing online security, as well as becoming more aware of their cyber-surroundings. Regarding adult-provided prevention services, participants often discussed that there is little adults can do to reduce cyberbullying. Reasons included the difficulties in restricting online behaviors or providing effective consequences. However, some students did discuss the use of in-school curricula while suggesting that adults blame people rather than technology as potential ways to prevent cyberbullying. Conclusion: Findings from the current study indicate some potential ways to improve adult efforts to prevent cyberbullying. These strategies include parent/teacher training in technology and cyberbullying, interventions focused more on student behavior than technology restriction, and helping students increase their online safety and awareness. PMID:25157306

"Oh Events" for the Professor: Studies and Stories of Religious Studies Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barbour, John D.

2015-01-01

This response explains three ways in which the preceding essays are a significant contribution to the study of study abroad, explores three additional issues, and makes three suggestions for future work on religious studies and study abroad. This response is published alongside of six other essays, comprising a special section of the journal (see…

Ensuring an Italian Renaissance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallock, Ann H.

1978-01-01

Factors contributing to the renaissance of Italian and the goals of students who study the language are discussed. Alternatives to rote learning in the classroom and ways to generate interest in Italian in the community are suggested. (SW)

The Vector Calculus Gap: Mathematics (Does Not Equal) Physics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dray, Tevian; Manogue, Corinne A.

1999-01-01

Discusses some of the differences between the ways mathematicians and physicists view vector calculus and the gap between the way this material is traditionally taught by mathematicians and the way physicists use it. Suggests some ways to narrow the gap. (Author/ASK)

The Failure of Memory: Reflections on Rhetoric and Public Remembrance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Kendall R.

2010-01-01

The rapid growth of public memory studies in the field of rhetoric suggests the need to reflect upon the ways in which the practices of rhetoric and the notion of memory intersect. In this essay, I trace the intersection between memory and rhetoric back to the works of Plato and Aristotle. These early works suggest that one reason for attending to…

Effects of shields on cables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Aircraft wiring subjected to rapidly changing electromagnetic fields was considered. The ways in which shielded cables reduce surge voltages were studied along with the ways in which common practice regarding the use of shields may be at variance with the use required for the control of lightning effects. Courses in which this apparent conflict of use may be resolved were suggested. Noise currents flowing on shields of cables related to the noise signals coupled onto signal conductors were also investigated.

Re-visioning medicine.

PubMed

Thomas, Jill C

2014-12-01

Studies suggest that medical students and physicians have higher rates of anxiety, depression, and suicidal ideation than their peers in the general population. Some authors have suggested that medical culture perpetuates these problems by erecting "barriers to treatment," preventing students and physicians from getting the help they need. Here, the author begins a broader examination of the potential role of culture by examining the myths and symbols that form the basis for medical culture and the medical self-image. The author argues that a medical self-image based on a de-contextualized medical mythology, the Asclepius myth, results in a sense of professional identity that is unbalanced, dehumanized, and characterized by unattainable expectations. The outward expression of this medical self-image, the medical culture, is often a-relational, unhealthy, stressed, or even toxic. The author suggests some ways of re-modeling medical culture, including its rituals and symbols, and medical education in ways that incorporate what is currently kept in its shadow.

Technology, Learning, and College Teaching Evaluations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fremont, Kimberly Miller

2013-01-01

College students utilize technology in vast ways. However, the results of studies evaluating the technological experiences of young people within the academic setting are varied, suggesting that students are more complex in their preferences for academic technology use than once thought. Yet no studies have explored student preferences for…

Sandburg Environmental Education Teacher Handbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeport School District 145, IL.

Learning activities, teaching materials, and lesson plans are contained in this guide, developed by six teachers at the Carl Sandburg Middle School in Freeport, Illinois; it suggests ways to integrate environmental study into the existing curriculum for art, science, English, mathematics, and social studies. Activities for classroom learning and…

Sex differences in social focus across the life cycle in humans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharya, Kunal; Ghosh, Asim; Monsivais, Daniel; Dunbar, Robin I. M.; Kaski, Kimmo

2016-04-01

Age and gender are two important factors that play crucial roles in the way organisms allocate their social effort. In this study, we analyse a large mobile phone dataset to explore the way life history influences human sociality and the way social networks are structured. Our results indicate that these aspects of human behaviour are strongly related to age and gender such that younger individuals have more contacts and, among them, males more than females. However, the rate of decrease in the number of contacts with age differs between males and females, such that there is a reversal in the number of contacts around the late 30s. We suggest that this pattern can be attributed to the difference in reproductive investments that are made by the two sexes. We analyse the inequality in social investment patterns and suggest that the age- and gender-related differences we find reflect the constraints imposed by reproduction in a context where time (a form of social capital) is limited.

Introducing the idea of 'assumed shared food narratives' in the context of social networks: reflections from a qualitative study conducted in Nottingham, England.

PubMed

Bissell, Paul; Peacock, Marian; Holdsworth, Michelle; Powell, Katie; Wilcox, John; Clonan, Angie

2018-06-19

This study explores the ways in which social networks might shape accounts about food practices. Drawing on insights from the work of Christakis and Fowler () whose claims about the linkages between obesity and social networks have been the subject of vigorous debate in the sociological literature, we present qualitative data from a study of women's' accounts of social networks and food practices, conducted in Nottingham, England. We tentatively suggest that whilst social networks in their broadest sense, might shape what was perceived to be normal and acceptable in relation to food practices (and provide everyday discursive resources which normalise practice), the relationship between the two is more complex than the linear relationship proposed by Christakis and Fowler. Here, we introduce the idea of assumed shared food narratives (ASFNs), which, we propose, sheds light on motive talk about food practices, and which also provide practical and discursive resources to actors seeking to protect and defend against 'untoward' behaviour, in the context of public health messages around food and eating. We suggest that understanding ASFNs and the ways in which they are embedded in social networks represents a novel way of understanding food and eating practices from a sociological perspective. © 2018 Foundation for the Sociology of Health & Illness.

Preparing for the New Onslaught on Social Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Murry; Singleton, H. Wells

This paper examines the controversy over the status and objectives of the social studies and suggests ways in which educators can resolve the controversy. In addition, it offers critical comments on several recent overviews of the field of social studies, including the "SPAN Report," by Irving Morrissett, Sharryl Hawke, and Douglas Superka, and…

Reading Habits of Third-Year Medical Students during an Integrated Endocrinology Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedberg, Mark; Mahanaimi, David; Lev-Zion, Rafael; Sidi, Aviel; Glick, Shimon

1998-01-01

Independent reading by medical students beyond formal classroom activities is considered central to medical education. This study examines self-directed study among third-year students in a six-year medical program. Students averaged 151 minutes daily on independent study using lecture notes, textbooks, and reading articles. Suggests ways to…

Foreign Language Study: Fact and Fancy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller, Virgil

The purposes of this paper are to: (1) demonstrate the absolute necessity for foreign language study; (2) dispel some of the fancies or fantasies that have grown up concerning the learning of foreign languages; and (3) suggest various alternative programs in foreign language study and possible ways of implementing them. Some of the fallacious…

How disease prevention fails without good communication.

PubMed

Ekunwe, E O; Taylor, P; Macauley, R; Ayodele, O

1994-01-01

Even where resources are plentiful, efforts to achieve full immunization coverage fail if staff and users are misinformed and unmotivated. A highly practical study in Lagos pinpoints some of these failures and suggests ways of overcoming them.

Morse's Miracle Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruce, Guy V.

1985-01-01

Mechanically-minded middle school students who have been studying electromagnetism can construct inexpensive telegraphs resembling Samuel Morse's 1844 invention. Instructions (with diagrams), list of materials needed, and suggestions are given for a simple telegraph and for a two-way system. (DH)

How does the social environment 'get into the mind'? Epigenetics at the intersection of social and psychiatric epidemiology.

PubMed

Toyokawa, Satoshi; Uddin, Monica; Koenen, Karestan C; Galea, Sandro

2012-01-01

The social environment plays a considerable role in determining major psychiatric disorders. Emerging evidence suggests that features of the social environment modify gene expression independently of the primary DNA sequence through epigenetic processes. Accordingly, dysfunction of epigenetic mechanisms offers a plausible mechanism by which an adverse social environment gets "into the mind" and results in poor mental health. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the studies suggesting that epigenetic changes introduced by the social environment then manifest as psychological consequences. Our goal is to build a platform to discuss the ways in which future epidemiologic studies may benefit from including epigenetic measures. We focus on schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, anorexia nervosa, and substance dependence as examples that highlight the ways in which social environmental exposures, mediated through epigenetic processes, affect mental health. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Examining Young Students' Problem Scoping in Engineering Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watkins, Jessica; Spencer, Kathleen; Hammer, David

2014-01-01

Problem scoping--determining the nature and boundaries of a problem--is an essential aspect of the engineering design process. Some studies from engineering education suggest that beginning students tend to skip problem scoping or oversimplify a problem. However, the ways these studies often characterize students' problem scoping often do not…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yago, G.I.; Vasil`ev, V.M.; Panasyuk, O.A.

The structure of the initial iron powders, the type of alloying impurities, and the conditions of compaction and heat treatment of materials have been studied from the standpoint of their effect on the magnetic properties. Ways of enhancing the properties of magnetically-soft iron-based powder materials are recommended and methods of studying them are suggested.

Context as a Factor in Personal Information Management Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barreau, Deborah K.

1995-01-01

Examines context as a factor in personal information management systems to suggest how it may influence classification decisions and ultimately retrieval. A study of seven managers is described that explored the factors that influence the way individuals manage electronic documents, and results are compared with an earlier study of physical…

Social Studies and the Problem of Evil.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parsons, Jim

1998-01-01

Explores the issue of whether evil exists in the world and the best ways to confront it. Claims that the ubiquitousness of evil places a responsibility on social studies educators to address it in the classroom. Offers six suggestions for teaching students about the existence and implications of evil. (CMK)

What drives the formation of massive stars and clusters?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ochsendorf, Bram; Meixner, Margaret; Roman-Duval, Julia; Evans, Neal J., II; Rahman, Mubdi; Zinnecker, Hans; Nayak, Omnarayani; Bally, John; Jones, Olivia C.; Indebetouw, Remy

2018-01-01

Galaxy-wide surveys allow to study star formation in unprecedented ways. In this talk, I will discuss our analysis of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Milky Way, and illustrate how studying both the large and small scale structure of galaxies are critical in addressing the question: what drives the formation of massive stars and clusters?I will show that ‘turbulence-regulated’ star formation models do not reproduce massive star formation properties of GMCs in the LMC and Milky Way: this suggests that theory currently does not capture the full complexity of star formation on small scales. I will also report on the discovery of a massive star forming complex in the LMC, which in many ways manifests itself as an embedded twin of 30 Doradus: this may shed light on the formation of R136 and 'Super Star Clusters' in general. Finally, I will highlight what we can expect in the next years in the field of star formation with large-scale sky surveys, ALMA, and our JWST-GTO program.

The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning: Transformation and Transgression

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bolf-Beliveau, Laura

2013-01-01

Chapter Five of "The Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Reconsidered" (2011) suggests that traditional research scholarship methodology can inform and reform the ways in which we value and evaluate teaching. The authors discuss applying research methodology as way to complete this process. This article suggests that using theoretical…

A Study of Novice Science Teachers' Conceptualizations of Culturally Relevant Pedagogy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Redman, Elizabeth Horst

This qualitative study examined new science teachers' conceptualization of culturally relevant pedagogy (CRP). The study followed six novice science teachers from their preservice teaching placements into their first jobs as instructors of record, observing in their classrooms and interviewing them about their use of CRP. The study sought to understand (1) how the participating teachers conceptualize CRP in science, and (2) what challenges the teachers faced in trying to implement CRP. Findings suggest that the teachers conceptualized CRP in ways that were consistent with Enyedy, Danish and Fields' (2011) interpretations of relevance: relevance of authentic purpose, relevance of content and/or context, and relevance of practices. The teachers, however, translated those interpretations of relevance into their conceptualizations and classroom practice in a variety of ways. While they encountered difficulties in conceptualizing and practicing CRP, they also made productive moves in their practice and evidenced positive elements in their conceptualizations of CRP. In order to address the challenges these teachers faced in implementing CRP, I suggest an approach to teacher preparation in CRP that builds upon the understandings and productive moves the teachers evidenced in this study.

Research in the Rehabilitation Unit Presents Challenges to Nurse Researchers.

PubMed

Rose, Mary Ann; Neil, Janice A; Castles, Ricky; Pokorny, Marie; Watkins, Frank; Hand, Mark

Gathering data from patients on a rehabilitation unit poses challenges for nurse researchers. A case study is presented that describes ways the researchers attempted to meet these challenges while conducting their study. The case study presents the approaches that the investigators took to undertake the study and then described the ways in which these approaches could have been improved. Their successes and failures are described. Suggestions are made for future investigators. Clinical nursing research is required to develop an evidence base for practice in the rehabilitation unit. An analysis of the challenges and possible methods of overcoming these challenges is useful to both future investigators and nurses in practice to insure that studies can be carried out effectively.

Technology and Disciplined Inquiry in the Social Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofer, Mark J.; Swan, Kathy

2014-01-01

More than 15 years ago, Martorella (1997) asked what has now become a seminal question in the field of social studies and technology; that is, "Which way to the sleeping giant?" (p. 511). He suggested a number of roles that technology can play in the social studies classroom. Although these roles are certainly relevant in 2014, the roles…

Reasoning as a Metaphor for Skill Development in the Social Studies Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartoonian, H. Michael

The paper suggests ways to coordinate basic social studies skills to achieve the goal of developing reasoning ability in elementary and secondary students. The first three sections present a rationale for teaching the reasoning process in the social studies curriculum. The author stresses that in order to be an effective thinker, one should be…

Research for the Classroom: Mini Vocabulary Lessons for Maximum Recall

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sovereen, Deanne

2013-01-01

"Research for the Classroom" publishes mini-studies of ELA classroom practices and suggests ways in which high school and middle school English teachers may study the effectiveness of their pedagogy. The author of this mini-study notes that it takes around six minutes per day of instructional time for students to remember most of the…

Building a Global Future through Research and Innovative Practices in Open and Distance Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahmood, Sheikh Tariq; Mahmood, Azhar

2014-01-01

The current study aims to investigate awareness of research students about the concept of plagiarism and to suggest possible ways to avoid it; a descriptive survey study was conducted. The objectives of the study were to examine the researcher's knowledge about concept of plagiarism, knowledge about specific terminologies, types of plagiarism, and…

Political Geography and the Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steinberg, Phillip E.

1997-01-01

Reviews recent theoretical advances in political geography, particularly those that stress the political conflict behind the production of space. Discusses how this has impacted the study of environmental phenomena such as hazards, human-land relationships, development, and international environmental governance. Suggests ways that political…

Logic and Mnemonics for Demons and Curiosities: Spelling Awareness for Middle- and Secondary-level Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Templeton, Shane

1980-01-01

Examines the structural and historical reasons underlying the spelling of certain "demon" words and suggests that the study of these underlying reasons may be one way to improve student spelling competency. (Author/FL)

Helping Students with Problems: What Physical Educators Can Do.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, C. J.; Nelson, Barbara

1985-01-01

Children often have trouble finding effective ways to deal with daily stress. Physical educators work in an environment where they can observe and study their students. Suggestions are offered for physical education teachers dealing with students with problems. (DF)

A Word to the Wise: Study That Franchise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Achtenburg, Ben

1972-01-01

Suggests that in deciding what should be written into the franchise of cable television and to whom it should be given, local groups can have their first and perhaps greatest influence over the way cable will affect their community. (JM)

The influence of suggestibility on memory.

PubMed

Nicolas, Serge; Collins, Thérèse; Gounden, Yannick; Roediger, Henry L

2011-06-01

We provide a translation of Binet and Henri's pioneering 1894 paper on the influence of suggestibility on memory. Alfred Binet (1857-1911) is famous as the author who created the IQ test that bears his name, but he is almost unknown as the psychological investigator who generated numerous original experiments and fascinating results in the study of memory. His experiments published in 1894 manipulated suggestibility in several ways to determine effects on remembering. Three particular modes of suggestion were employed to induce false recognitions: (1) indirect suggestion by a preconceived idea; (2) direct suggestion; and (3) collective suggestion. In the commentary we suggest that Binet and Henri's (1894) paper written over 115 years ago is still highly relevant even today. In particular, Binet's legacy lives on in modern research on misinformation effects in memory, in studies of conformity, and in experiments on the social contagion of memory. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Project Review: Teleoperation and Time Delays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adelstein, Bernard D.; Ellis, Stephen; Yeom, Kiwon; Kaiser, Mary K.

2013-01-01

We plan to study the invariance in the shift in control strategy from continuous control to move-and-wait as a function of latency and control difficulty. To do so we have developed a theoretically understood way of introducing measurable levels of control difficulty using misalignment between display and control axes . We now use this understanding to study the interaction of control difficulty and system latency. We have conducted an experiment to calibrate our imposition of control difficulty using more representative control rotations. We use these levels of difficulty to directly study the interaction of control difficulty with latency. Results suggest a way to generalize latency requirements across control difficulties that should aid establishment of standards for managing latency in teleoperation.

Teachers' Views on Implementing Storytelling as a Way to Motivate Inquiry Learning in High-School Chemistry Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peleg, Ran; Yayon, Malka; Katchevich, Dvora; Mamlok-Naaman, Rachel; Fortus, David; Eilks, Ingo; Hofstein, Avi

2017-01-01

Educational research and policy suggest inquiry as one of the most prominent ways of promoting effective science education. However, traditional approaches towards inquiry learning are not always sufficiently motivating for all learners. The EU-funded project, TEMI--Teaching Enquiry with Mysteries Incorporated, suggests that mysterious scientific…

Risk communication of vaccines: challenges in the post-trust environment.

PubMed

Bouder, Frederic

2015-01-01

Highly publicised vaccine scares and recent debates about the risks suggest that public trust in immunisation programmes is fragile. For instance, the recent outbreak of Measles in Wales was the direct result of almost fifteen years of distrust for the MMR vaccine in the UK. This article shows how the latest science on risk communication will help critical actors, especially policy-makers, to build trust when they communicate risks to citizens and patients. The article offers policy advice on risk communication based on the results of three vaccines case studies. Five procedural principles which were developed for the UK government - the so-called "five As" of public risk communication are used to structure the discussion. Conclusions and recommendations suggest ways to move forward and build a two-way proactive risk communication practice.

Using Epistemological Positions and Orientations to Instruction to Explore School-Based, Agricultural Educators' Perceptual Identities: A Q-Sort Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roberts, Richie; Montgomery, Diane

2017-01-01

Mounting empirical evidence suggests the conflation of teachers' instructional orientations and personal epistemological beliefs helps form the perceptual identity of educators. The current study, therefore, sought to describe in what way Oklahoma agricultural education teachers' epistemological beliefs and orientations toward instruction combine…

Putting Disability Studies to Work in Art Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penketh, Claire

2014-01-01

Putting disability studies to work in art education suggests a form of action or industry, a creative opportunity for something to be done, recognising the relationship between theory and practice. Drawing on discourse analysis, this article offers an initial theoretical discussion of some of the ways in which disability is revealed and created…

Emotional Segues and the Management of Emotion by Women and Men

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lively, Kathryn

2008-01-01

Recent studies suggest that gender may be less influential on the experience of emotion than originally believed. Most of these studies, however, have focused almost exclusively on gender differences in discrete emotional experiences, paying less attention to the ways in which emotions may co-occur within a relatively short period. Using the…

Sex Roles, Family and Society: The Seventies and Beyond.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scanzoni, John; Fox, Greer Litton

1980-01-01

The decade literature is divided into studies of children and preteens, adolescents and young adults, and marrieds. A model of gender-based decision making, applicable at both macro and micro levels, is offered as one way to specify relations between the sexes. Suggestions are made for the next decade's studies. (Author)

Studies Highlight Classroom Plight of Quiet Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sparks, Sarah D.

2012-01-01

Educators often look for ways to bring quiet children out of their shells, but emerging research suggests schools can improve academic outcomes for introverted students by reducing the pressure to be outgoing and giving all students a little more time to reflect. A 2011 study found teachers from across K-12 rated hypothetical quiet children as…

Integrating Guided Inquiry into a Traditional Chemistry Curricular Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smithenry, Dennis William

2010-01-01

The case study presented in this paper examines the work of one high school chemistry teacher who has integrated guided inquiry into a yearlong, traditional curricular framework in ways that take into account the constraints and realities of her classroom. The study's findings suggest (1) the extent and frequency to which teachers can…

How Tinto's Theory Differs for Asian and Non-Asian International Students: A Quantitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kommers, Suzan; Pham, Duy

2016-01-01

Literature suggests that international students from Asian countries might differ in the way they can be supported in their efforts towards completing their degree. Using the 2004/09 Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study, the authors investigate how social and academic integration relate to the college persistence of Asian and…

Experiential Learning: A New Research Path to the Study of Journalism Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandon, Wanda

2002-01-01

Examines the learning environment of journalism education. Considers historical perspectives of journalism education before laying the groundwork for a new research area. Suggests that the experiential learning approach offers a way of assessing the quality of learning and of breaking new paths into the study of journalism education. (SG)

Integrating Art into Science Education: A Survey of Science Teachers' Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turkka, Jaakko; Haatainen, Outi; Aksela, Maija

2017-01-01

Numerous case studies suggest that integrating art and science education could engage students with creative projects and encourage students to express science in multitude of ways. However, little is known about art integration practices in everyday science teaching. With a qualitative e-survey, this study explores the art integration of science…

A Third Voice: The Heterophonic Blend of Culture and Psyche.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fleckenstein, Kristie S.

1997-01-01

Suggests that theories of self in composition studies waver between forces of culture and psyche, and that composition theory lacks concrete representations of the materiality of self, the ways in which individuals negotiate culture to create a sense of identity. Examines diary passages from four volunteers to study the "heterophonic"…

The Effects of Seizures on the Connectivity and Circuitry of the Developing Brain

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swann, John W.

2004-01-01

Recurring seizures in infants and children are often associated with cognitive deficits, but the reason for the learning difficulties is unclear. Recent studies in several animal models suggest that seizures themselves may contribute in important ways to these deficits. Other studies in animals have shown that recurring seizures result in…

The Retention of Hispanic/Latino Teachers in Southeastern Rural Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Oscar

2017-01-01

This qualitative study reviewed reasons so few Hispanic/Latino teachers remain employed with rural county public elementary schools. The study evaluated issues that present high retention and attrition concerns for Hispanic/Latino teachers in rural schools. In addition, the dissertation offered suggestions on ways to increase the representation of…

Rethinking historical and cultural source of spontaneous mental models of water cycle: in the perspective of South Korea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Younkyeong

2012-06-01

This review explores Ben-Zvi Assaraf, Eshach, Orion, and Alamour's paper titled "Cultural Differences and Students' Spontaneous Models of the Water Cycle: A Case Study of Jewish and Bedouin Children in Israel" by examining how the authors use the concept of spontaneous mental models to explain cultural knowledge source of Bedouin children's mental model of water compared to Jewish children's mental model of water in nature. My response to Ben-Zvi Assaraf et al.'s work expands upon their explanations of the Bedouin children's cultural knowledge source. Bedouin children's mental model is based on their culture, religion, place of living and everyday life practices related to water. I suggest a different knowledge source for spontaneous mental model of water in nature based on unique history and traditions of South Korea where people think of water in nature in different ways. This forum also addresses how western science dominates South Korean science curriculum and ways of assessing students' conceptual understanding of scientific concepts. Additionally I argue that western science curriculum models could diminish Korean students' understanding of natural world which are based on Korean cultural ways of thinking about the natural world. Finally, I also suggest two different ways of considering this unique knowledge source for a more culturally relevant teaching Earth system education.

Teaching about Our World Community: Guidelines and Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hoge, John Douglas; Allen, Rodney F.

1991-01-01

Offers guidelines for teaching about foreign countries in elementary school social studies lessons. Explains ways to determine content and goals, build background information, and locate instructional materials/community resources. Suggests activities for beginning, sustaining, and concluding units. Stresses importance of maintaining student…

Using Satire to Study Current Events.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirman, Joseph M.

1993-01-01

Asserts that recognizing and analyzing satire in the media is a thought-provoking and enjoyable way to teach current events. Provides an eight-step student guide for analyzing and discussing satire. Includes suggestions for teachers who want to use satire in the classroom. (CFR)

A Remedy for Student Boredom: Stimulation through Simulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwartz, Donald

1990-01-01

Suggests that the most effective way to motivate student enthusiasm and interest in the social studies classroom is through the use of educational simulations. Discusses the advantages and disadvantages of simulations, and presents three of the most effective commercial simulations available today. (DB)

ON THE NATURE OF THE POSTHYPNOTIC SUGGESTION.

DTIC Science & Technology

hypnosis may determine the kind of observations one makes. Many of the difficulties in communication arise from looking in different ways at different...may be able to clarify the kind of controversies that traditionally have been associated with the study of hypnosis . (Author)

A Re-Examination of Educational Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kitano, Margie

This paper suggests how an anthropological perspective can help educators rethink important educational issues, including multicultural education, leadership training, and educational processes. Opening sections of the paper define anthropology (the study of human beings and their ways of life), and identify anthropological concepts and principles…

A Collective Case Study of the Influence of Teachers' Beliefs and Knowledge on Error-Handling Practices during Class Discussion of Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bray, Wendy S.

2011-01-01

This collective case study examines the influence of 4 third-grade teachers' beliefs and knowledge on their error-handling practices during class discussion of mathematics. Study findings suggest that, although teachers' ways of handling student errors during class discussion of mathematics are clearly linked to both teacher beliefs and teacher…

Context Preferences of Educators and Learners for Studying Genetics: A Case Study in South Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mamombe, Agnes; Kazeni, Monde; de Villiers, Rian

2016-01-01

The literature on science education reveals a worldwide decline in young people's interest in the study of sciences. This lack of interest has resulted in low enrolment rates in science-related courses at tertiary level. Researchers have suggested, among other innovations, the use of context-based teaching approaches as a way of motivating…

Different Perspectives of Cultural Mediation: Implications for the Research Design on Studies Examining Its Effect on Students' Cognition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teo, Tang Wee

2013-01-01

In this forum, I extend Tao, Oliver, and Venville's paper "Chinese and Australian children's understanding of the earth: a cross cultural study of conceptual development" to discuss the different views on culture and cultural mediation. I tease out nuances in the viewpoints to suggest three ways to theoretically frame studies examining cultural…

Expanding the Meaning of Social Education: What the Social Studies Can Learn from Gay Straight Alliances

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mayo, J. B., Jr.

2013-01-01

The author explores significant points of intersection between foundational tenets of the social studies and the lessons learned by students in the Gay Straight Alliance (GSA) at one Midwestern high school. He suggests new ways social studies researchers and teachers might conceptualize the ideas and themes promoted in GSAs and apply them directly…

Epidemiology for the nuclear medicine technologist.

PubMed

Bolus, N E

2001-09-01

The purpose of this article is to introduce the nuclear medicine technologist to the field of epidemiology. There are many applications of epidemiology in nuclear medicine, including research studies that deal with the causes of disease or ways to prevent disease from occurring and investigating the possible effects of ionizing radiation on occupational workers and the general public. One use of an epidemiologic study is to suggest ways to reduce the occurrence of a disease. After reading this article, the nuclear medicine technologist will be familiar with: a) the history and underlying assumptions of epidemiology, b) types of epidemiologic studies, c) what is a valid statistical association for an epidemiologic study, d) proper judgment of cause and effect relationships, e) definitions of epidemiologic terms, and f) an example of a nuclear medicine research study.

"What Do They Want Me To Say?" The hidden curriculum at work in the medical school selection process: a qualitative study

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background There has been little study of the role of the essay question in selection for medical school. The purpose of this study was to obtain a better understanding of how applicants approached the essay questions used in selection at our medical school in 2007. Methods The authors conducted a qualitative analysis of 210 essays written as part of the medical school admissions process, and developed a conceptual framework to describe the relationships, ideas and concepts observed in the data. Results Findings of this analysis were confirmed in interviews with applicants and assessors. Analysis revealed a tension between "genuine" and "expected" responses that we believe applicants experience when choosing how to answer questions in the admissions process. A theory named "What do they want me to say?" was developed to describe the ways in which applicants modulate their responses to conform to their expectations of the selection process; the elements of this theory were confirmed in interviews with applicants and assessors. Conclusions This work suggests the existence of a "hidden curriculum of admissions" and demonstrates that the process of selection has a strong influence on applicant response. This paper suggests ways that selection might be modified to address this effect. Studies such as this can help us to appreciate the unintended consequences of admissions processes and can identify ways to make the selection process more consistent, transparent and fair. PMID:22448658

'People form their own support systems - like forming their own families': the role of parents and friends in the first year at dental school.

PubMed

McMillan, W

2016-05-01

Most students experience the transition from school to university as challenging. Students from backgrounds with little or no experience of higher education are most vulnerable in the transition, and most at risk of academic failure or early departure. This study examined the role that parents and friends play in the transition to university and in the first academic year. The study examines the mechanisms of this support so as to understand the ways in which support is provided. It examines whether - and if so, how - support mechanisms differed for first-generation students and those with family familiarity of university. Data were collected through focus group and individual interviews with dentistry students in their first and second academic years at a Faculty of Dentistry in South Africa. Concepts from psychology literature - attachment and friendship quality - provided the analytical framework. Findings from the study suggest that the social relationships which students have access to during the transition and the first academic year have the potential to provide emotional resources which ease transition and practical information about appropriate ways of being and doing at university. First-generation university students are less likely to have access to the latter because their parents have no experience of university. The study concludes with suggestions for ways in which universities and their teachers might provide support for all first-year students. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Rewriting the Ways of Globalising Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Michael

2002-01-01

Recodes metaphors in Apple's "Educating the 'Right' Way: Markets, Standards, God and Inequality," as resources for rewriting ways of globalizing education. Suggests that the radical right is imposing its market-driven, evangelical, reductionist project on educational globalization. These efforts frame the work of real-world teachers…

Do Perturbations from Dwarf Galaxies Produce Moving Groups in the Milky Way Disk?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Craig, Peter; Newberg, Heidi Jo; Chakrabarti, Sukanya

2018-01-01

We compare Solar neighborhood disk moving groups with velocity perturbations produced in hydrodynamic simulations of dwarf galaxy interactions with the disk. The hydrodynamic simulations were generated using Gadget 2, and mimic the interaction of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy and several others with the Milky Way. The properties of the identified moving groups change as the simulations evolve. We identified moving groups in regions of the simulation that are within 1 kpc of the nominal location of the Sun (8 kpc from the Galactic center) that are similar to moving groups observed within the Milky Way. Such groups are found at locations all the way around the disk. This suggests that some of the groups that are observed near our sun are a result of an interaction between the Milky Way and a colliding dwarf galaxy. It also suggests that the existence of such groups here implies the existence of similar groups in other parts of the Milky Way.

Teaching the iGeneration: What Possibilities Exist in and beyond the History Classroom?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheldrake, Rosie; Watkin, Neal

2013-01-01

The development of communications technology in recent years has not only changed the ways in which students can access their world: it also changes the way they think about it. Sheldrake and Watkin draw here upon work that characterises the way in which the "iGeneration" think about the world around them, and suggest ways in which…

Corporate Funding of Human Services Agencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zippay, Allison

1992-01-01

Conducted case study of philanthropic giving among 29 companies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Found that most corporations used informal rather than formal process for making funding decisions, with many firms relying on tradition, social contacts, and intuition to guide allocations. Findings suggest ways that social services administrators can…

Principals as Classroom Leaders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunting, Carolyn

2007-01-01

The author suggests five ways in which busy principals can indirectly demonstrate their classroom leadership by encouraging teacher specialization, giving teachers opportunities to present case studies of at-risk students, building a diverse intellectual climate, instituting an idea exchange, and scheduling time for teachers to openly discuss a…

Case studies suggest practical ways to increase the visibility of high-visibility enforcement programs : traffic tech.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

High-visibility enforcement (HVE) models are an effective : strategy to reduce impaired driving. They work by increasing : drivers perceived risk of being stopped and arrested by : law enforcement if they choose to drive while impaired by : alcoho...

Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship: The Paradox of a Liberating Pedagogy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roosevelt, Jinx

1980-01-01

In analyzing the educational sequences of Goethe's novel, "Wilhelm Meister's Apprenticeship," the author suggests ways that this literary genre, the bildungsroman, which portrays an individual's development through a series of educational encounters, can provide teacher education students with material for studying the riddlelike quality…

Equipment and Energy Usage in a Large Teaching Hospital in Norway.

PubMed

Rohde, Tarald; Martinez, Robert

2015-01-01

This article presents a study of how equipment is used in a Norwegian University hospital and suggests ways to reduce hospital energy consumption. Analysis of energy data from Norway's newest teaching hospital showed that electricity consumption was up to 50% of the whole-building energy consumption. Much of this is due to the increasing energy intensity of hospital-specific equipment. Measured power and reported usage patterns for equipment in the studied departments show daytime energy intensity of equipment at about 28.5 kBTU/ft2 per year (90 kWh/m2 per year), compared to building code standard value of only 14.9 kBTU/ft2 (47 kWh/m2 per year) for hospitals. This article intends to fill gaps in our understanding of how users and their equipment affect the energy balance in hospitals and suggests ways in which designers and equipment suppliers can help optimize energy performance while maintaining quality in the delivery of health services.

The Influence of Social Style in Evaluating Academic Presentations of Engineering Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ortiz València, Héctor; García Carrillo, Águeda; González Benítez, Margarita

2012-01-01

An individual's social style is determined by behavioral patterns in the interactions with their peers. Some studies suggest that social style may influence the way in which an individual's performance is evaluated. We studied the effects that speakers' and evaluators' social styles have on the marks given for end-of-term presentations in a…

Image of Women in Advertisements: A Preliminary Study of Avenues for Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Butler-Paisley, Matilda, Ed.; And Others

The Center for Research on Women (CROW) at Stanford University along with the Communication Department, the Psychology Department, and the School of Education conducted a study on the image of women in advertising and suggested ways to improve women's image in the advertising media. With the objective of sponsoring some alternatives to expedite…

Immigrant Children Promoting Environmental Care: Enhancing Learning, Agency and Integration through Culturally-Responsive Environmental Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanchet-Cohen, Natasha; Reilly, Rosemary C.

2017-01-01

This paper examines the potential of culturally-responsive environmental education to engage immigrant early adolescents. Our study suggests that environmental involvement can become a means and an end for children to bridge their school and home in agential ways. Drawing from a multi-phase study involving focus groups with children, parents, and…

Homework in Physical Education? A Review of Physical Education Homework Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Kory

2018-01-01

The use of homework in physical education has not historically been a topic of intense study. Relatively few studies have been devoted to the topic, particularly when compared to the use of homework in classroom settings. Nonetheless, some physical educators have suggested the assignment of homework as a way to meet important objectives and…

Age and Skin Tone as Predictors of Positive and Negative Racial Attitudes in Hispanic Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stokes-Guinan, Katie

2011-01-01

Past research suggests that both White children and minority children, including Hispanics, hold pro-White biases. Although doll studies have been a popular way of assessing racial attitudes among children, several methodological issues have made it challenging to interpret the results from these studies. Furthermore, past research has failed to…

Using Storytelling to Establish Justice: A Narrative Study on the Efficacy of Teaching Police Recruits Individual Rights through Storytelling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sautner, Kerry

2017-01-01

This study explored the narrative of new Philadelphia Police recruits' experiences within a training program that used storytelling techniques to positively influence their knowledge and assumptions about social justice and fairness. Prior research has suggested that storytelling can be an effective way to engage learners in understanding…

A Study of Constructivist Career Development, Empowerment, Indecision, and Certainty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grier-Reed, Tabitha L.; Skaar, Nicole R.; Parson, Lorien B.

2009-01-01

In times of uncertainty and change where the job market is fluid and the U.S. economy is weak, students need to feel empowered to construct their lives and forge their career paths. Constructivism has been suggested as one way to empower people. The current study explored outcomes in constructivist career courses using a quasi-experimental…

Using Manipulatives to Support an Embodied Approach to Learning Trigonometry in a South African School: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brijlall, D.; Niranjan, C.

2015-01-01

Multiple Intelligence Theory suggests that individuals perceive knowledge in eight different ways. This article reports on a study that explored the role of manipulatives in the teaching and learning of trigonometric ratios in grade 10. The approach attempts in addressing three domains of the Multiple Intelligence Theory (linguistic/verbal…

Motives and Power of School Board Members: Implications for School Board-Superintendent Relationships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mountford, Meredith

2004-01-01

The qualitative study presented in this article explores motivations for school board membership and conceptions of power held by school board members. The findings of the study suggest a relationship exists between the way board members define power and the type of motivation board members have for service. The implications of these findings for…

Working Class Gender Relationships and Leisure in the United States, 1890-1920.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peiss, Kathy

Recent studies of the history of working-class leisure have rested on the conceptualization of leisure as both public and male. A study of the living conditions, recreational activities, and family budgets of white working-class New Yorkers between 1880 and 1920 suggests broad ways in which working women's leisure activities contributed to a…

The Use of Emerging Technologies for Authentic Learning: A South African Study in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozalek, Vivienne; Gachago, Daniela; Alexander, Lucy; Watters, Kathy; Wood, Denise; Ivala, Eunice; Herrington, Jan

2013-01-01

It is now widely accepted that the transmission of disciplinary knowledge is insufficient to prepare students leaving higher education for the workplace. Authentic learning has been suggested as a way to bring the necessary complexity into learning to deal with challenges in professional practice after graduation. This study investigates how South…

Improving Teaching Does Improve Teachers: Evidence from Lesson Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Catherine C.; Perry, Rebecca R.; Friedkin, Shelley; Roth, Jillian R.

2012-01-01

The authors comment on the article by Morris and Hiebert in three ways. First, they add thoughts about why improvement efforts often focus on teachers, rather than teaching. Second, they offer evidence from U.S. lesson study research that focus on teaching can improve both students' learning and teachers' learning. Finally, they suggest that the…

Trained Inquiry Skills on Heat and Temperature Concepts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasanah, U.; Hamidah, I.; Utari, S.

2017-09-01

Inquiry skills are skills that aperson needs in developing concepts, but the results of the study suggest that these skills haven’t yet been trained along with the development of concepts in science feeding, found the difficulties of students in building the concept scientifically. Therefore, this study aims to find ways that are effective in training inquiry skills trough Levels of Inquiry (LoI) learning. Experimental research with one group pretest-postest design, using non-random sampling samples in one of vocational high school in Cimahi obtained purposively 33 students of X class. The research using the inquiry skills test instrument in the form of 15questions multiple choice with reliability in very high category. The result of data processing by using the normalized gain value obtained an illustration that the ways developed in the LoI are considered effective trained inquiry skills in the middle category. Some of the ways LoI learning are considered effective in communicating aspects through discovery learning, predicting trough interactive demonstration, hypotheses through inquiry lesson, and interpreting data through inquiry lab, but the implementation of LoI learning in this study hasn’t found a way that is seen as effective for trespassing aspects of designing an experiment.

Turning the focus from `Other' to science education: exploring the invisibility of Whiteness

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sammel, Ali

2009-09-01

This paper provides another way to gaze upon Brad's story as presented by van Eijck and Roth (2010). It raises questions about infrastructural racism in contemporary science education by exploring its association with Whiteness and White privilege. To explore the racial positioning inherent in Western science education specific attention is given to the positions of power that accompany Western ways of knowing the world (i.e., science education) in comparison to Other ways of knowing the world (i.e., First Nations Ways of Knowing). The paper suggests the power relationships inherent within this dualism are asymmetrical due to the implications of Whiteness within colonial societies. Even though power relations were not discussed in Brad's story, the paper suggests the implications were visible. The paper concludes by advocating for a re-imagining in science education where the traditional ontological and epistemological foundations are deconstructed and spaces are created for enacting practical ways of resisting oppression.

Grounded for Life?! Stop Blowing Your Fuse and Start Communicating with Your Teenager.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tracy, Louise Felton

This parenting guide looks at the way parenting has been working and suggests a better way. It offers a process for parenting that helps parents distinguish the important issues for healthy teen growth. Chapter 1 discusses how children challenge and how parents are challenged. Chapter 2 suggests that parents can begin by changing themselves in…

War and Peace Literature for Children and Young Adults: A Resource Guide to Significant Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walter, Virginia A.

This book suggests ways that children's books can create frames of reference about the related topics of war and peace. It suggests ways that books can be used to start a dialogue between adults and children, to facilitate communication about a subject that causes much anxiety in children. Rather than bibliotherapy, however, the object of this…

Every Kid Counts: 31 Ways To Save Our Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brodkin, Margaret; And Others

Noting the deteriorating quality of life for children in America, this book suggests ways adults can help improve the lives of children. The major portion of the book provides chapters elaborating on each of 31 suggestions: (1) "Turn Off the Tube"; (2) "Champion Public Education"; (3) "Have Fun with a Kid"; (4) "Adopt a Child-Care Center"; (5)…

Use the Arts: Add Lustre to the Reading Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Betty; Midgett, Jeanice

A variety of ways to use television, drama, and music to enhance reading instruction are presented in this paper. The use of television is suggested as a motivator for reading and as a means to teach reading skills, and the use of books with television or movie tie-ins is suggested as a way to motivate readers. Sources for obtaining television…

The first interview: Anxieties and research on initiating psychoanalysis.

PubMed

Reith, Bernard

2015-06-01

A qualitative clinical study of preliminary interviews by the Working Party on Initiating Psychoanalysis (WPIP) of the European Psychoanalytic Federation suggests that the unconscious dynamics in first interviews are extraordinarily powerful and that they give rise to deep unconscious anxieties in both patient and analyst, with the corresponding defences against them. Furthermore, the group dynamics observed in the clinical workshops and in the research team doing the study suggest that both the anxieties and the defences are conveyed to these groups in the form of unelaborated 'session residues' provoking renewed anxieties and defences in them. These findings contribute to our understanding of what goes on in first interviews, but also raise interesting questions about the psychoanalytic research process in psychoanalysis and how confrontation with the unknown is dealt with in that context. Rather than as a means to avoid anxiety, method in clinical research can be seen as a way to help the research group to contain its reactions and to tolerate them until the group finds its way to further elaboration. These points are illustrated with a clinical case drawn from the study. Copyright © 2014 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

The Incredibly Shrinking World of Imagination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kassem, Lou

1992-01-01

Suggests that children's imaginations are not shrinking. Discusses seven ways in which English teachers, librarians, publishers, and authors have used adolescent literature in creative and imaginative ways. (RS)

Children of Divorced Parents: A Perceptual Comparison.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stangeland, Charlotte S.; And Others

1989-01-01

Studied the consistency between parent and child responses with respect to the way in which divorced parents reacted since the divorce. Results from self-report questionnaires suggest that a counselor can best assist the child by first assessing the divorce and parental reactions to the divorce. (Author/BH)

The Role of Nonclassroom Spaces in Living-Learning Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altimare, Emily; Sheridan, David M.

2016-01-01

A body of research suggests that learning communities provide a range of academic benefits by increasing social connectedness. Researchers have also hypothesized that informal learning spaces--nonclassroom spaces (NCSs)--can facilitate learning by supporting social connectedness. This study uses qualitative methods to explore the way nonclassroom…

Personal Constructs and Attribution for Academic Success and Failure in Dyslexia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Humphrey, Neil; Mullins, Patricia M.

2002-01-01

A British study examined relationships between dyslexia and the ways in which students perceive themselves as learners, specifically their personal constructs and attributional styles. Results indicated that dyslexia has negative consequences for students' individual development. Suggestions are offered for making schools more "dyslexia…

Toward an Institutional-Contingency View of School Organization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talbert, Joan E.

Based on an institutional-contingency view, this study focuses on ways in which public and private school sectors in six San Francisco area counties embody different organizational logistics and authority principles, including rational-legal, traditional, and local-market. Results suggest that, among other characteristics, nonreligious private…

Investigating the Target Language Usage in and outside Business English Classrooms for Non-English Major Undergraduates at a Chinese University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xie, Qing

2017-01-01

This article reports an investigative study on the target language use in and outside business English classrooms for non-English major undergraduates in a Chinese university context. The aims of the study are to identify the actual situation of target language use in business English teaching and to suggest ways for improvements. The study uses…

Moral Education in Asia. Report of a Joint Study on Moral Education in Asian Countries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. for Educational Research, Tokyo (Japan).

This report presents findings from a regional study by 16 Asian nations on the status of moral education in the Asian region. The objectives of the study were to compile a state of the art report on moral education and to suggest ways in which moral development can keep pace with technological development. The document is presented in four…

Personnel Resource Allocation Strategies in a Time of Fiscal Crisis: Case Study of Elementary Schools in a California District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sais, Melissa Marie

2013-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze human resource allocation data for all elementary schools in large urban school district to determine whether resources were allocated in ways in that research suggests can lead to improved student achievement. Data from all 46 elementary schools that participated in the study were compared to the…

Human evolutionary genomics: ethical and interpretive issues.

PubMed

Vitti, Joseph J; Cho, Mildred K; Tishkoff, Sarah A; Sabeti, Pardis C

2012-03-01

Genome-wide computational studies can now identify targets of natural selection. The unique information about humans these studies reveal, and the media attention they attract, indicate the need for caution and precision in communicating results. This need is exacerbated by ways in which evolutionary and genetic considerations have been misapplied to support discriminatory policies, by persistent misconceptions of these fields and by the social sensitivity surrounding discussions of racial ancestry. We discuss the foundations, accomplishments and future directions of human evolutionary genomics, attending to ways in which the interpretation of good science can go awry, and offer suggestions for researchers to prevent misapplication of their work. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do we understand how botulinum toxin works and have we optimized the way it is administered to the bladder? ICI-RS 2014.

PubMed

Apostolidis, Apostolos; Rahnama'i, Mohammad S; Fry, Christopher; Dmochowski, Roger; Sahai, Arun

2016-02-01

The use of botulinum toxin A (BoNT/A) is commonplace now in the management of refractory overactive bladder and neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). Despite one formulation now having a license, the full mechanism of action is not fully understood. Furthermore practice varies worldwide in the way the toxin is delivered to the bladder. At the ICI-RS 2014 Meeting in Bristol, UK a Think Tank session was conducted on the topic of "Do we understand how botulinum toxin works and have we optimized the way it is administered to the bladder?" This manuscript reflects the Think Tank's summary and opinion. An overview of the existing evidence and consensus regarding mechanism of action and practical aspects of BoNT/A administration was presented. Further avenues of potential research were suggested. BoNT/A effect in the bladder is complex with likely effects on both efferent and afferent nerves. The site of action is controversial with the relative contribution of the detrusor as opposed to the suburothelial effects remaining unclear and open to further studying. The classical concept of prevention of acetylcholine release in the bladder is not supported by a wealth of evidence on neurotransmitters although co-localization studies have suggested cholinergic nerves are the most affected by BoNT/A. There is more robust evidence for effects on the purinergic system and afferent desensitization and emerging evidence for central effects. A variety of technique studies were presented. OnabotlinumtoxinA has recently been studied in large phase III trials and with this there is a standardized injection technique which is trigone-sparing. The evidence for altering location of injection is mixed with some studies suggesting less voiding dysfunction in bladder base injections alone but others suggesting location of injection does not affect outcomes. Early pilot data and evidence of instillation either with electromotive drug administration (EMDA) or in liposomes were also presented as an alternative to injections. The mechanism of action of BoNT/A in the bladder is complex and not fully understood. There is emerging support for its role on afferent mechanisms. The technical aspects of the injection procedure have been standardized to a certain extent but further study is required in larger scale studies to assess minimizing voiding dysfunction, improving tolerability, and assessing alternatives to injections. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Coupled disease-behavior dynamics on complex networks: A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhen; Andrews, Michael A.; Wu, Zhi-Xi; Wang, Lin; Bauch, Chris T.

2015-12-01

It is increasingly recognized that a key component of successful infection control efforts is understanding the complex, two-way interaction between disease dynamics and human behavioral and social dynamics. Human behavior such as contact precautions and social distancing clearly influence disease prevalence, but disease prevalence can in turn alter human behavior, forming a coupled, nonlinear system. Moreover, in many cases, the spatial structure of the population cannot be ignored, such that social and behavioral processes and/or transmission of infection must be represented with complex networks. Research on studying coupled disease-behavior dynamics in complex networks in particular is growing rapidly, and frequently makes use of analysis methods and concepts from statistical physics. Here, we review some of the growing literature in this area. We contrast network-based approaches to homogeneous-mixing approaches, point out how their predictions differ, and describe the rich and often surprising behavior of disease-behavior dynamics on complex networks, and compare them to processes in statistical physics. We discuss how these models can capture the dynamics that characterize many real-world scenarios, thereby suggesting ways that policy makers can better design effective prevention strategies. We also describe the growing sources of digital data that are facilitating research in this area. Finally, we suggest pitfalls which might be faced by researchers in the field, and we suggest several ways in which the field could move forward in the coming years.

Giving voice to food insecurity in a remote indigenous community in subarctic Ontario, Canada: traditional ways, ways to cope, ways forward

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Food insecurity is a serious public health issue for Aboriginal people (First Nations [FN], Métis, and Inuit) living in Canada. Food security challenges faced by FN people are unique, especially for those living in remote and isolated communities. Conceptualizations of food insecurity by FN people are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of food insecurity by FN adults living in a remote, on-reserve community in northern Ontario known to have a high prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity. Methods A trained community research assistant conducted semi-directed interviews, and one adult from each household in the community was invited to participate. Questions addressed traditional food, coping strategies, and suggestions to improve community food security and were informed by the literature and a community advisory committee. Thematic data analyses were carried out and followed an inductive, data-driven approach. Results Fifty-one individuals participated, representing 67% of eligible households. The thematic analysis revealed that food sharing, especially with family, was regarded as one of the most significant ways to adapt to food shortages. The majority of participants reported consuming traditional food (wild meats) and suggested that hunting, preserving and storing traditional food has remained very important. However, numerous barriers to traditional food acquisition were mentioned. Other coping strategies included dietary change, rationing and changing food purchasing patterns. In order to improve access to healthy foods, improving income and food affordability, building community capacity and engagement, and community-level initiatives were suggested. Conclusions Findings point to the continued importance of traditional food acquisition and food sharing, as well as community solutions for food systems change. These data highlight that traditional and store-bought food are both part of the strategies and solutions participants suggested for coping with food insecurity. Public health policies to improve food security for FN populations are urgently needed. PMID:23639143

Implications of Research on Children's Learning for Standards and Assessment: A Proposed Learning Progression for Matter and the Atomic-Molecular Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Carol L.; Wiser, Marianne; Anderson, Charles W.; Krajcik, Joseph

2006-01-01

The purpose of this article is to suggest ways of using research on children's reasoning and learning to elaborate on existing national standards and to improve large-scale and classroom assessments. The authors suggest that "learning progressions"--descriptions of successively more sophisticated ways of reasoning within a content domain based on…

Random vs. Combinatorial Methods for Discrete Event Simulation of a Grid Computer Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhn, D. Richard; Kacker, Raghu; Lei, Yu

2010-01-01

This study compared random and t-way combinatorial inputs of a network simulator, to determine if these two approaches produce significantly different deadlock detection for varying network configurations. Modeling deadlock detection is important for analyzing configuration changes that could inadvertently degrade network operations, or to determine modifications that could be made by attackers to deliberately induce deadlock. Discrete event simulation of a network may be conducted using random generation, of inputs. In this study, we compare random with combinatorial generation of inputs. Combinatorial (or t-way) testing requires every combination of any t parameter values to be covered by at least one test. Combinatorial methods can be highly effective because empirical data suggest that nearly all failures involve the interaction of a small number of parameters (1 to 6). Thus, for example, if all deadlocks involve at most 5-way interactions between n parameters, then exhaustive testing of all n-way interactions adds no additional information that would not be obtained by testing all 5-way interactions. While the maximum degree of interaction between parameters involved in the deadlocks clearly cannot be known in advance, covering all t-way interactions may be more efficient than using random generation of inputs. In this study we tested this hypothesis for t = 2, 3, and 4 for deadlock detection in a network simulation. Achieving the same degree of coverage provided by 4-way tests would have required approximately 3.2 times as many random tests; thus combinatorial methods were more efficient for detecting deadlocks involving a higher degree of interactions. The paper reviews explanations for these results and implications for modeling and simulation.

Reel Science: An Ethnographic Study of Girls' Science Identity Development In and Through Film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chaffee, Rachel L.

This dissertation study contributes to the research on filmmaking and identity development by exploring the ways that film production provided unique opportunities for a team of four girls to engage in science, to develop identities in science, and to see and understand science differently. Using social practice, identity, and feminist theory and New Literacies Studies as a theoretical lens and grounded theory and multimodality as analytic frameworks, I present findings that suggest that girls in this study authored identities and communicated and represented science in and through film in ways that drew on their social, cultural, and embodied resources and the material resources of the after-school science club. Findings from this study highlight the affordances of filmmaking as a venue for engaging in the disciplinary practices of science and for accessing and authoring identities in science.

Global Population Structure and Evolution of Bordetella pertussis and Their Relationship with Vaccination

PubMed Central

Bart, Marieke J.; Harris, Simon R.; Advani, Abdolreza; Arakawa, Yoshichika; Bottero, Daniela; Bouchez, Valérie; Cassiday, Pamela K.; Chiang, Chuen-Sheue; Dalby, Tine; Fry, Norman K.; Gaillard, María Emilia; van Gent, Marjolein; Guiso, Nicole; Hallander, Hans O.; Harvill, Eric T.; He, Qiushui; van der Heide, Han G. J.; Heuvelman, Kees; Hozbor, Daniela F.; Kamachi, Kazunari; Karataev, Gennady I.; Lan, Ruiting; Lutyńska, Anna; Maharjan, Ram P.; Mertsola, Jussi; Miyamura, Tatsuo; Octavia, Sophie; Preston, Andrew; Quail, Michael A.; Sintchenko, Vitali; Stefanelli, Paola; Tondella, M. Lucia; Tsang, Raymond S. W.; Xu, Yinghua; Yao, Shu-Man; Zhang, Shumin; Mooi, Frits R.

2014-01-01

ABSTRACT Bordetella pertussis causes pertussis, a respiratory disease that is most severe for infants. Vaccination was introduced in the 1950s, and in recent years, a resurgence of disease was observed worldwide, with significant mortality in infants. Possible causes for this include the switch from whole-cell vaccines (WCVs) to less effective acellular vaccines (ACVs), waning immunity, and pathogen adaptation. Pathogen adaptation is suggested by antigenic divergence between vaccine strains and circulating strains and by the emergence of strains with increased pertussis toxin production. We applied comparative genomics to a worldwide collection of 343 B. pertussis strains isolated between 1920 and 2010. The global phylogeny showed two deep branches; the largest of these contained 98% of all strains, and its expansion correlated temporally with the first descriptions of pertussis outbreaks in Europe in the 16th century. We found little evidence of recent geographical clustering of the strains within this lineage, suggesting rapid strain flow between countries. We observed that changes in genes encoding proteins implicated in protective immunity that are included in ACVs occurred after the introduction of WCVs but before the switch to ACVs. Furthermore, our analyses consistently suggested that virulence-associated genes and genes coding for surface-exposed proteins were involved in adaptation. However, many of the putative adaptive loci identified have a physiological role, and further studies of these loci may reveal less obvious ways in which B. pertussis and the host interact. This work provides insight into ways in which pathogens may adapt to vaccination and suggests ways to improve pertussis vaccines. PMID:24757216

Insight into the Formation of the Milky Way Through Cold Halo Substructure. I. The ECHOS of Milky Way Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Rockosi, Constance M.; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Beers, Timothy C.; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Brewington, Howard; Lee, Young Sun; Malanushenko, Viktor; Malanushenko, Elena; Oravetz, Dan; Pan, Kaike; Simmons, Audrey; Snedden, Stephanie; Yanny, Brian

2009-10-01

We identify 10—seven for the first time—elements of cold halo substructure (ECHOS) in the volume within 17.5 kpc of the Sun in the inner halo of the Milky Way. Our result is based on the observed spatial and radial velocity distribution of metal-poor main-sequence turnoff (MPMSTO) stars in 137 Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and Exploration lines of sight. We point out that the observed radial velocity distribution is consistent with a smooth stellar component of the Milky Way's inner halo overall, but disagrees significantly at the radial velocities that correspond to our detections. We show that all of our detections are statistically significant and that we expect no false positives. These ECHOS represent the observable stellar debris of ancient merger events in the stellar accretion history of the Milky Way, and we use our detections and completeness estimates to infer a formal upper limit of 0.34+0.02 -0.02 on the fraction of the MPMSTO population in the inner halo that belong to ECHOS. Our detections and completeness calculations also suggest that there is a significant population of low fractional overdensity ECHOS in the inner halo, and we predict that 1/3 of the inner halo (by volume) harbors ECHOS with MPMSTO star number densities n ≈ 15 kpc-3. In addition, we estimate that there are of order 103 ECHOS in the entire inner halo. ECHOS are likely older than known surface brightness substructure, so our detections provide us with a direct measure of the accretion history of the Milky Way in a region and time interval that has yet to be fully explored. In concert with previous studies, our result suggests that the level of merger activity has been roughly constant over the past few Gyr and that there has been no accretion of single stellar systems more massive than a few percent of a Milky Way mass in that interval.

Employing a Case Study Approach to Capture Motivation and Self-Regulation of Young Students with Learning Disabilities in Authentic Educational Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lichtinger, Einat; Kaplan, Avi

2015-01-01

Recent theory and research suggest that self-regulation is not a unitary set of strategies, and that students may employ different types of self-regulation strategies in ways that correspond with different motivational orientations. In this paper, we describe a situated case study approach to investigate the motivational orientation and…

Asian Students' Conceptions of Future Civic Engagement: Comparing Clusters Using Person-Centered Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chow, Joseph Kui Foon; Kennedy, Kerry J.

2015-01-01

Researchers in comparative education have suggested different ways in which their field of study can be enhanced by considering units of analysis at different levels rather than focusing on a single level such as the nation-state (Bray and Thomas, 1995; Torney-Purta and Barber, 2011). The study reported here seeks to contribute to this area of…

Selection Process of School Principals in Turkey and Some Other Countries: A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akbasli, Sait; Sahin, Mehmet; Gül, Burak

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of school principal selection and appointment in Turkey and some other developed countries in a comparative way. The specific purpose is to make suggestions in order to improve the school principal selection process in Turkey by comparatively analyzing school principal selection process in Turkey…

Effectiveness of Teacher Education Programmes in Developing Teaching Skills for Secondary Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ullah, S. Zia; Farooq, M. S.; Memon, R. A.

2008-01-01

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of secondary school teacher education programme in terms of development of selected teaching skills and suggesting ways and means to improve the programme. The population of the study comprised of the pre-service teachers of all the government colleges of education for men and women in…

Swedish Teachers' Ethical Reflections on a Study Visit to Central America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sund, Louise; Öhman, Johan

2014-01-01

In this article we argue that culturally variable values and morals have a key role in educational initiatives that address a global dimension. The article suggests that looking at values and morals in relation to a teaching practice is a way of adding knowledge to this field. Our study inquires into how an intercultural experience can evoke…

The Dilemma of Toxic Materials. Classroom-Tested Ideas and Resources for Social Studies and Science Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Llewellyn, Gerald C.; And Others

Classroom tested ideas and resources for social studies and science teachers on toxic and hazardous substances are provided in this guide. Suggestions are included for ways of increasing student awareness and knowledge about this problem. Although the materials were primarily developed for junior high students they can be adapted and modified for…

Learning Gene Expression through Modelling and Argumentation: A Case Study Exploring the Connections between the Worlds of Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puig, Blanca; Ageitos, Noa; Jiménez-Aleixandre, María Pilar

2017-01-01

There is emerging interest on the interactions between modelling and argumentation in specific contexts, such as genetics learning. It has been suggested that modelling might help students understand and argue on genetics. We propose modelling gene expression as a way to learn molecular genetics and diseases with a genetic component. The study is…

Balance of power--do patients use researchers to survive hospital?

PubMed

Haigh, Carol; Neild, Angela; Duncan, Fiona

2005-01-01

This paper focuses on the way research study participants interpret their contact with researchers. Much has been made of the unequal power relationship between researcher and researched, but the case study presented here suggests that patient participants may be 'using' researchers to further their own agenda and to attempt to manipulate or control aspects of their care within the hospital setting.

Integrating Qualitative and Quantitative Research in Organizations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

Qualitative Researcher Qualitative research using the traditional case study was the most popular method during the early empirical investigations of...what is now known as qualitative methods (Van Maanen, 1979). Some researchers have recently argued that restricting case studies to exploratory work... phenomenological approaches at the subjective end of the continuum. A few researchers have suggested ways in which quantitative and

Hamlet and psychoanalytic experience.

PubMed

Schwaber, Paul

2007-01-01

Hamlet draws us into its rendered world, enabling us to experience it with depth, awareness, and resonance, in a mode we recognize as aesthetic. By way of Shakespeare's play--primarily the first act--and a detailed case study, aesthetic and psychoanalytic experience are compared, to suggest that, for our own analytic discourse, we revalue Freud's unease that his case studies read like short stories.

The two water worlds hypothesis: Addressing multiple working hypotheses and proposing a way forward

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Recent studies using water isotopes have shown that trees and streams appear to return distinct water pools to the hydrosphere. Cryogenically extracted plant and soil water isotopic signatures diverge from the Meteoric Water Lines (MWL), suggesting that plants would preferentially use bound soil wat...

Rough Way for Academics: Distance Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gursul, Fatih

2010-01-01

This study aims to compare the academics' perceptions about face to face and distance education, beside finding out the contributions of distance education to them, difficulties they experience in synchronous and asynchronous distance education environments and suggestions for possible solutions of the existing problems. The sample consists of 52…

Family Narratives, Self, and Gender in Early Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bohanek, Jennifer G.; Marin, Kelly A.; Fivush, Robyn

2008-01-01

Past research has suggested that family reminiscing may be a particularly important avenue for the development of children's well-being. In this study, the authors examined the ways in which mothers and fathers scaffold conversations about past emotional events with their preadolescent children. Narratives of positive and negative shared family…

Adolescents Define Sexual Orientation and Suggest Ways to Measure It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedman, M. S. Mark S.; Silvestre, Anthony J.; Gold, Melanie A.; Markovic, Nina; Savin-Williams, Ritch C.; Huggins, James; Sell, Randal L.

2004-01-01

Researchers disagree on how to assess adolescent sexual orientation. The relative importance of various dimensions (e.g. attraction, relationships, behavior, self-labeling) is unknown, which calls into question the validity of studies assessing adolescent sexual orientation. To address this issue, 50 male and female adolescents of varied sexual…

Genre: Language, Context, and Literacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hyland, Ken

2002-01-01

Focuses on genre and its application in language teaching and learning. Suggests genre approaches have had an impact on how we understand discourse and transform literacy education in different contexts around the world. Describes studies on generic integrity and variation, and the ways that genres are seen as similar and different in terms of…

The High Cost of "Girl Books" for Young Adolescent Boys

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munson-Warnken, Megan

2017-01-01

"Boy books" are frequently promoted as a surefire way to increase reading motivation and engagement among young adolescent boys. This study challenges the "boy book"/"girl book" dichotomy, suggesting that particular book covers may discourage boys from reading novels they might otherwise enjoy. It also presents…

Role of Experience and Context in Learning To Diagnose Lyme Disease.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bakken, Lori L.

2002-01-01

Using grounded theory, the learning processes used by nine physicians to diagnose Lyme Disease were investigated. Repetition and counterexperiences served to frame the problem along a continuum of familiarity. Results suggest ways to prepare case studies that include variety, repetition, and counterexperiences to teach diagnosis. (Contains 28…

Writing business communications. Are nurse managers prepared?

PubMed

Spears, L A

1997-12-01

Based on interviews, this study indicates that writing business communications is a key task for nurse managers, affecting their professional success and power. However, most of the nurse managers interviewed felt they needed more education in business communications. Several ways of bringing this training to nursing students and practicing managers are suggested.

Understanding How to Support Intergenerational Play through Educational Video Games

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siyahhan, Sinem

2011-01-01

The limited number of studies on intergenerational play suggests that not many parents play video games with their children (Lenhart, Jones, & Macgill, 2008). However, when intentionally designed to support intergenerational play, video game could provide an opportunity for parents and children to connect in new and powerful ways, especially…

Teaching Yugoslavia the Cooperative Way: An Upper Elementary/Middle School Social Studies Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hilke, Eileen Veronica

1992-01-01

Suggests methods for teaching about Yugoslavia. Recommends assigning students to maintain journals of news clippings about developments in Yugoslavia. Proposes forming cooperative-learning groups for researching the country's various regions. Offers activities for teaching about language arts, fine arts, reading and literature, religion,…

Comment Dire: a Neurolinguistic Approach to Beckett's Bilingual Writings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kager, Maria

2015-01-01

Recent studies from the field of neurolinguistics and psycholinguistics suggest that bilinguals and multilinguals are in many ways fundamentally different from monolinguals, a difference that starts with a different cerebral structure for language. This difference will constitute the point of departure for my paper: If multilingual people are…

The Dutch Identity: A New Tool for the Study of Item Response Models.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Paul W.

1990-01-01

The Dutch Identity is presented as a useful tool for expressing the basic equations of item response models that relate the manifest probabilities to the item response functions and the latent trait distribution. Ways in which the identity may be exploited are suggested and illustrated. (SLD)

Linguistics in the English Class.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Small, Robert C., Jr.

Designed for secondary school English teachers who want to help their students develop enthusiasm for words, their histories, and the way language structures words to produce meaning, this paper offers suggestions for a program of study employing dictionary projects and personal experience. The paper describes making a class dictionary of teen…

Teaching in Context: The Social Side of Education Reform

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quintero, Esther, Ed.

2017-01-01

"Teaching in Context" provides new evidence from a range of leading scholars showing that teachers become more effective when they work in organizations that support them in comprehensive and coordinated ways. The studies featured in the book suggest an alternative approach to enhancing teacher quality: creating conditions and school…

Gender Differences in Online High School Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowes, Susan; Lin, Peiyi; Kinghorn, Brian R. C.

2016-01-01

Prior research has suggested that there may be differences in the ways that male and female students approach their online courses. Using data for 802 high school students enrolled in 14 online courses, this study explored gender differences in the interrelationships among online behaviors and course performance. The findings show that females…

Sex Differences in Spatial Ability: A Critique.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clear, Sarah-Jane

1978-01-01

Explores (1) problems of the validity of tests of spatial ability, and (2) problems of the recessive gene influence theory of the origin of sex differences in spatial ability. Studies of cognitive strategies in spatial problem solving are suggested as a way to further investigate recessive gene influence. (Author/RH)

The Real Business of America: Ethics and New Economic Realities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartoonian, H. Michael; Van Scotter, Richard

2000-01-01

Considers the emerging global economy. Discusses the meaning of wealth, not in terms of materials, but in relation to the knowledge and ethical behavior that are forces for economic growth. Suggests ways to help students connect character content to social studies, including lists of discussion questions. (CMK)

Effects of Instructional Condition on Preschool Children's Novel Word Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bass, Lori A.; Barron, Eunice V.

2014-01-01

Converging evidence suggests that children's exposure to complex vocabulary during the preschool years has an impact on their later reading achievement. Yet, the most efficient way to incorporate vocabulary instruction into preschool classrooms remains an open question. The purpose of this preliminary study was to investigate effects of…

Going Beyond, Going Further: Preparative Exercises in General Chemistry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kauffman, George B.

1987-01-01

Proposes that preparative chemistry is an important and integral part of chemistry as a whole, and an excellent way to introduce students to descriptive chemistry. Provides an outline for students to follow for converting and transforming salts. Suggests a set of general guidelines for studying anion and cation transformations. (TW)

Masked Repetition Priming Treatment for Anomia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silkes, JoAnn P.

2018-01-01

Purpose: Masked priming has been suggested as a way to directly target implicit lexical retrieval processes in aphasia. This study was designed to investigate repeated use of masked repetition priming to improve picture naming in individuals with anomia due to aphasia. Method: A single-subject, multiple-baseline design was used across 6 people…

Collaborating with Librarians to Develop Lower Division Political Science Students' Information Literacy Competencies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Christy R.; Campbell, Patricia J.

2008-01-01

Studies suggest that course-integrated information literacy instruction is an effective way to enhance the quality of student research. However, many political science professors are unfamiliar with the growing information literacy movement in higher education today, with strategies for integrating information literacy into their courses and…

Community Leaders' Perceptions about the Development of a University-School-Community Educational Partnership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Roxanne S.

2012-01-01

To improve educational opportunities within communities, schools, universities, and neighborhood organizations are establishing educational partnerships. Research suggests these partnerships are one of the most promising ways to expand, enhance, and improve educational opportunities within communities. The rationale for this study was the dearth…

Self-Presentation and Gender on MySpace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manago, Adriana M.; Graham, Michael B.; Greenfield, Patricia M.; Salimkhan, Goldie

2008-01-01

Within the cultural context of MySpace, this study explores the ways emerging adults experience social networking. Through focus group methodology, the role of virtual peer interaction in the development of personal, social, and gender identities was investigated. Findings suggest that college students utilize MySpace for identity exploration,…

Assessing System Thinking through Different Concept-Mapping Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandstadter, Kristina; Harms, Ute; Grossschedl, Jorg

2012-01-01

System thinking is usually investigated by using questionnaires, video analysis, or interviews. Recently, concept-mapping (CM) was suggested as an adequate instrument for analysing students' system thinking. However, there are different ways with which to use this method. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine whether particular…

Mother Daughter Relationships: From Infancy to Adulthood. Unit for Child Studies Selected Papers Number 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Shelley

Topics related to characteristics of mother/daughter relationships in contemporary patriarchal societies are discussed in this seminar paper. The first section describes cases intended to illustrate ways patriarchal social structures limit contemporary mother/daughter relationships, provides a brief historical contrast, and suggests possible…

The Tasks of Emotional Development Test: A Survey of Research Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pollak, Jerrold; And Others

1981-01-01

Discusses research applications of the Tasks of Emotional Development (TED), a projective test designed for children. Independent research studies are surveyed with an emphasis on the ways the TED Test has been employed as a personality and adjustment measure. Suggestions are made regarding future uses. (Author/JAC)

The Learning Organization: An Undelivered Promise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elkjaer, Bente

2001-01-01

Presents a case study on the development of a learning organization that did not last very long. Suggests that the reason for its demise was the way in which learning in the organization was understood and enacted. The case is evaluated against John Dewey's learning theory. (Contains 24 references.) (DDR)

The use of patient feedback by hospital boards of directors: a qualitative study of two NHS hospitals in England

PubMed Central

Lee, Robert; Baeza, Juan I; Fulop, Naomi J

2018-01-01

Background Although previous research suggests that different kinds of patient feedback are used in different ways to help improve the quality of hospital care, there have been no studies of the ways in which hospital boards of directors use feedback for this purpose. Objectives To examine whether and how boards of directors of hospitals use feedback from patients to formulate strategy and to assure and improve the quality of care. Methods We undertook an in-depth qualitative study in two acute hospital National Health Service foundation trusts in England, purposively selected as contrasting examples of the collection of different kinds of patient feedback. We collected and analysed data from interviews with directors and other managers, from observation of board meetings, and from board papers and other documents. Results The two boards used in-depth qualitative feedback and quantitative feedback from surveys in different ways to help develop strategies, set targets for quality improvement and design specific quality improvement initiatives; but both boards made less subsequent use of any kinds of feedback to monitor their strategies or explicitly to assure the quality of services. Discussion and conclusions We have identified limitations in the uses of patient feedback by hospital boards that suggest that boards should review their current practice to ensure that they use the different kinds of patient feedback that are available to them more effectively to improve, monitor and assure the quality of care. PMID:28754814

Vaccines and Kawasaki disease.

PubMed

Esposito, Susanna; Bianchini, Sonia; Dellepiane, Rosa Maria; Principi, Nicola

2016-01-01

The distinctive immune system characteristics of children with Kawasaki disease (KD) could suggest that they respond in a particular way to all antigenic stimulations, including those due to vaccines. Moreover, treatment of KD is mainly based on immunomodulatory therapy. These factors suggest that vaccines and KD may interact in several ways. These interactions could be of clinical relevance because KD is a disease of younger children who receive most of the vaccines recommended for infectious disease prevention. This paper shows that available evidence does not support an association between KD development and vaccine administration. Moreover, it highlights that administration of routine vaccines is mandatory even in children with KD and all efforts must be made to ensure the highest degree of protection against vaccine-preventable diseases for these patients. However, studies are needed to clarify currently unsolved issues, especially issues related to immunologic interference induced by intravenous immunoglobulin and biological drugs.

"The Poison That Ruined the Nation": Native American Men-Alcohol, Identity, and Traditional Healing.

PubMed

Matamonasa-Bennett, Arieahn

2017-07-01

Alcoholism and destructive drinking patterns are serious social problems in many Native American reservation and urban communities. This qualitative study of men from a single Great Lakes reservation community examined the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of their alcohol problems through their life stories. The men were in various stages of recovery and sobriety, and data collection consisted of open-ended interviews and analysis utilizing principles and techniques from grounded theory and ethnographic content analysis. Alcoholism and other serious social problems facing Native American communities need to be understood in the sociocultural and historical contexts of colonization and historical grief and trauma. This study suggests that for Native American men, there are culturally specific perspectives on alcohol that have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. The participants' narratives provided insight into the ways reconnecting with traditional cultural values (retraditionalization) helped them achieve sobriety. For these men, alcohol was highly symbolic of colonization as well as a protest to it. Alcohol was a means for affirming "Indian" identity and sobriety a means for reaffirming traditional tribal identity. Their narratives suggested the ways in which elements of traditional cultural values and practices facilitate healing in syncretic models and Nativized treatment. Understanding the ways in which specific Native cultural groups perceive their problems with drinking and sobriety can create more culturally congruent, culturally sensitive, and effective treatment approaches and inform future research.

From a Sense of Stereotypically Foreign to Belonging in a Science Community: Ways of Experiential Descriptions About High School Students' Science Internship

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsu, Pei-Ling; Roth, Wolff-Michael

2010-05-01

Science educators often suggest that students should learn science in ways and settings that bear family resemblance with “the real thing.” Internship in science laboratories constitutes one such way in which students may learn science and learn about science. However, very little is known about how participants experience a science internship in an “authentic” science setting (i.e., a science laboratory). Our study was designed to understand the nature of participants’ experiences of “authentic science.” Participants included 11 high school students, one high school teacher, five laboratory technicians, and two scientists. High school students practiced science alongside technicians (young scientists) in real ongoing projects of a biology laboratory. Data sources include 19 semi-structured and video-recorded interviews held after the 2-month science internship. Drawing on phenomenographic method, we identified five categories of experiential descriptions: (a) authenticity of university science, (b) channeling and connecting different communities, (c) advanced knowledge required in and lengthy procedures mobilized by university science, (d) self-exploration and reflection, and (e) comprehensive science learning. Each category’s meaning for participants and implications for science education are illustrated and discussed. This study demonstrates positive evidence of the science internship on helping students learn different dimensions of science and reflect their relationship with science. Suggestions on facilitating the partnership between secondary and postsecondary education are provided.

Job Sharing--A New Way to Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olmsted, Barney

1977-01-01

Describes the concept of job sharing, discusses the advantages and disadvantages to employees and employers, examines how widespread the practice is, and suggests ways that interested employers can implement this option. (SH)

Top 5 Ways to Help Students with ADD/ADHD

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Kathy

2011-01-01

This article suggests five ways to help students with ADD/ADHD. These are: (1) Integrate the primitive reflexes; (2) Diet; (3) Visual attention; (4) Help for auditory attention; and (5) Cognitive training.

Pharmacology for sleep disturbance in PTSD.

PubMed

Lipinska, Gosia; Baldwin, David S; Thomas, Kevin G F

2016-03-01

Symptoms of sleep disturbance, particularly nightmares and insomnia, are a central feature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Emerging evidence suggests that specific treatment of PTSD-related sleep disturbance improves other symptoms of the disorder, which in turn suggests that such disturbance may be fundamental to development and maintenance of the disorder. This mini-review focuses on pharmacological treatment of sleep disturbance in adult PTSD (specifically, studies testing the efficacy of antidepressants, adrenergic inhibiting agents, antipsychotics and benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics). We conclude that only prazosin, an adrenergic inhibiting agent, has had its efficacy established by multiple randomised controlled trials. There is also high-level evidence supporting use of eszopiclone, as well as risperidone and olanzapine as adjunct therapy. Antidepressants such as sertraline, venlafaxine and mirtazapine, benzodiazepines such as alprazolam and clonazepam and non-benzodiazepine hypnotics such as zolpidem appear ineffective in treating PTSD-related sleep disturbance. Most studies that report reduced frequency of nightmares and insomnia also report decreases in overall symptom severity. Such findings suggest that (i) sleep disruption is central to PTSD; (ii) treating sleep disruption may be an effective way to address other symptoms of the disorder and (iii) PTSD symptoms tend to cluster together in predictable ways. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Belief disconfirmation versus habituation approaches to situational exposure in panic disorder with agoraphobia: a pilot study.

PubMed

Salkovskis, Paul M; Hackmann, Ann; Wells, Adrian; Gelder, Michael G; Clark, David M

2007-05-01

Exposure therapy and cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) are both effective in the treatment of panic disorder with agoraphobia. Cognitive theories suggest that the way in which exposure to avoided situations is implemented in either treatment may be crucial. In particular, it is suggested that clinical improvement will be greatest if opportunities for disconfirmation of feared catastrophes are maximized. In a small pilot study, 16 patients with panic disorder and (moderate or severe) agoraphobia were randomly allocated to either habituation based exposure therapy (HBET) or exposure planned as a belief disconfirmation strategy and accompanied by dropping of safety-seeking behaviours. Both treatments were brief (total of 3.25 h of exposure) and were similar in terms of expectancy of change. Patients in the CBT condition showed significantly greater improvements in self-report measures of anxiety, panic and situational avoidance. They also completed significantly more steps in a standardized behavioural walk, during which they experienced significantly less anxiety. The controlled effect sizes for CBT were substantial (range 1.7-2.7), which suggests it may be a particularly efficient way of managing therapeutic exposure to feared situations in panic disorder with agoraphobia. Further research is needed to clarify the mechanism of change involved.

A multidimensional approach to explore cross-cultural differences in coping behavior: comparing Druze and Jews in Israel.

PubMed

Israelashvili, Moshe; Taubman-Ben-Ari, Orit; Hochdorf, Zipora

2011-01-01

Assuming that culture is a multidimensional variable, the current study explored the possibility that the interactions between ethnicity and other culture-related variables--rather than ethnicity alone--will better describe differences in coping behavior. In the study, cross-cultural differences among Israeli Jews and Israeli Druze in the use of various ways of coping were examined while also taking into account respondents' gender, age, self-esteem, sense of coherence, national identification, and religiosity. Comparing Israeli Jews and Israeli Druze, results indicate significant differences in levels of religiosity and coherence. Referring to coping behavior, findings show that differences in ways of coping could be attributed mainly to gender differences rather than ethnic differences Thus, at least in the case of comparing Israeli Jews vs. Israeli Druze, religiosity and gender are powerful determinants of coping behavior, while ethnicity has only a limited contribution in explaining variance in a preferred way of coping. It is suggested that ethnicity has a moderating role in shaping coping behavior, as it might influence person's self-perception and level of emotionality, which in turn shape the person's ways of coping. Future explorations among various age and ethnic groups are needed to enable generalization of the current study findings.

A Phenomenographic Investigation of the Ways Engineering Students Experience Innovation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fila, Nicholas David

Innovation has become an important phenomenon in engineering and engineering education. By developing novel, feasible, viable, and valued solutions to complex technical and human problems, engineers support the economic competitiveness of organizations, make a difference in the lives of users and other stakeholders, drive societal and scientific progress, and obtain key personal benefits. Innovation is also a complex phenomenon. It occurs across a variety of contexts and domains, encompasses numerous phases and activities, and requires unique competency profiles. Despite this complexity, many studies in engineering education focus on specific aspects (e.g., engineering students' abilities to generate original concepts during idea generation), and we still know little about the variety of ways engineering students approach and understand innovation. This study addresses that gap by asking: 1. What are the qualitatively different ways engineering students experience innovation during their engineering projects? 2. What are the structural relationships between the ways engineering students experience innovation? This study utilized phenomenography, a qualitative research method, to explore the above research questions. Thirty-three engineering students were recruited to ensure thorough coverage along four factors suggested by the literature to support differences related to innovation: engineering project experience, academic major, year in school, and gender. Each participant completed a 1-2 hour, semi-structured interview that focused on experiences with and conceptions of innovation. Whole transcripts were analyzed using an eight-stage, iterative, and comparative approach meant to identify a limited number of categories of description (composite ways of experiencing innovation comprised of the experiences of several participants), and the structural relationships between these categories. Phenomenographic analysis revealed eight categories of description that were structured in a semi-hierarchical, two-dimensional outcome space. The first four categories demonstrated a progression toward greater comprehensiveness in both process and focus dimensions. In the process dimension, subsequent categories added increasingly preliminary innovation phases: idea realization, idea generation, problem scoping, and problem finding. In the focus dimension, subsequent categories added key areas engineers considered during innovation: technical, human, and enterprise. The final four categories each incorporated all previous process phases and focus areas, but prioritized different focus areas in sophisticated ways and acknowledged a macro-iterative cycle, i.e., an understanding of how the processes within a single innovation project built upon and contributed to past and future innovation projects. These results demonstrate important differences between engineering students and suggest how they may come to experience innovation in increasingly comprehensive ways. A framework based on the results can be used by educators and researchers to support more robust educational offerings and nuanced research designs that reflect these differences.

Using anonymized reflection to teach ethics: a pilot study.

PubMed

Kyle, Gaye

2008-01-01

Anonymized reflection was employed as an innovative way of teaching ethics in order to enhance students' ability in ethical decision making during a Care of the Dying Patient and Family' module. Both qualitative and quantitative data were collected from the first two student cohorts who experienced anonymized reflection ( n = 24). The themes identified were the richness and relevance of scenarios, small-group work and a team approach to teaching. Students indicated that they preferred this style of teaching. This finding was verified by a postal questionnaire conducted four months later. The conclusions drawn from this study suggest that using anonymized reflection is an effective method for teaching ethics to nurses and indicates that learning about ethical issues in this way reduces uncertainties.

Technology use as a support tool by secondary students with autism.

PubMed

Hedges, Susan H; Odom, Samuel L; Hume, Kara; Sam, Ann

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine how secondary students with autism spectrum disorder use technology in supportive ways. In this self-report survey study, 472 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in high school described the forms of technology they use and purposes for which they use it. Students reported the benefits as well as barriers to technology use at school. They reported using technology in school and home settings in a variety of supportive ways such as increasing their independence, reducing their anxiety, and increasing their social opportunities. Findings suggest that practitioners may benefit from learning how to integrate technology as an instructional and support tool for their students with autism spectrum disorder. Recommendations for future research are provided.

Vulnerability and agency: beyond an irreconcilable dichotomy for social service providers working with young refugees in the UK.

PubMed

O'Higgins, Aoife

2012-01-01

Many young refugees face significant difficulties in securing support from social services providers. This study invited 21 young refugees aged 16 to 21 to take part in focus groups and follow-up interviews about their experiences of accessing this support. The findings reveal that young refugees may deliberately conform to expectations about their vulnerability in order to benefit from greater support from service providers. Social workers may fail to consider young refugees' abilities and understand the ways in which each individual is vulnerable. The study suggests that group work may be an effective way to engage young refugees to overcome this. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., A Wiley Company.

Iowa Commercial Pesticide Applicator Manual, Category 6: Right-of-Way Pest Control. CS-18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jennings, Vivan M.; Ryan, Stephan O.

This manual provides information needed to meet specific standards for certification as a pesticide applicator. The text discusses important right-of-way weeds and unwanted woody plants and provides suggestions for both long- and short-term control. Attention is also given to special problems associated with application of right-of-way herbicides.…

Abnormality, rationality, and sanity.

PubMed

Hertwig, Ralph; Volz, Kirsten G

2013-11-01

A growing body of studies suggests that neurological and mental abnormalities foster conformity to norms of rationality that are widely endorsed in economics and psychology, whereas normality stands in the way of rationality thus defined. Here, we outline the main findings of these studies, discuss their implications for experimental design, and consider how 'sane' some benchmarks of rationality really are. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of Variations in Task Design on Mathematics Teachers' Learning Experiences: A Case of a Sorting Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koichu, Boris; Zaslavsky, Orit; Dolev, Lea

2016-01-01

The goal of the study presented in this article was to examine how variations in task design may affect mathematics teachers' learning experiences. The study focuses on sorting tasks, i.e., learning tasks that require grouping a given set of mathematical items, in as many ways as possible, according to different criteria suggested by the learners.…

A Case Study of Environmental, Health and Safety Issues Involving the Burlington, Massachusetts Public School System. "Tips, Suggestions, and Resources for Investigating and Resolving EHS Issues in Schools."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dresser, Todd H.

An investigation was initiated concerning the environmental health within the Burlington, Massachusetts public school system to determine what specific environmental hazards were present and determine ways of eliminating them. This report presents 20 case studies that detail the environmental health issues involved, the approaches taken in…

An Examination of Teachers' Perceptions and Practice when Teaching Large and Reduced-Size Classes: Do Teachers Really Teach Them in the Same Way?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harfitt, Gary James

2012-01-01

Class size research suggests that teachers do not vary their teaching strategies when moving from large to smaller classes. This study draws on interviews and classroom observations of three experienced English language teachers working with large and reduced-size classes in Hong Kong secondary schools. Findings from the study point to subtle…

Human values and codes of behavior: Changes in Oregon's Eagle Cap Wilderness visitors and their attitudes

Treesearch

Alan E. Watson; John C. Hendee; Hans P. Zaglauer

1996-01-01

A study of visitors to Oregon's Eagle Cap Wilderness in 1965 offered a baseline against which to evaluate how those who recreate in wilderness have changed their views of wilderness. A study of visitors to that same wilderness area in 1993 provided comparative data. Some characteristics of the visitors changed in ways that would suggest that the values visitors...

Not the last word: dissemination strategies for patient-centred research in nursing.

PubMed

Hagan, Teresa L; Schmidt, Karen; Ackison, Guyanna R; Murphy, Megan; Jones, Jennifer R

2017-08-01

Research results hold value for many stakeholders including researchers, patient populations, advocacy organizations, and community groups. The aim of this study is to describe our research team's systematic process to designing a dissemination strategy for a completed research study. We organized a dissemination event to feed the results of our study to participants and stakeholders and collect feedback regarding our study. We applied the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality's dissemination framework to guide the development of the event and collected participant feedback during the event. We describe our dissemination strategy along with attendees' feedback and suggestions for our research as an example of a way to design a patient- and community-focused dissemination. We explain the details of our dissemination strategy including (a) our process of reporting a large research study into a stakeholder event, (b) stakeholder feedback collected at the event, and (c) the translation of feedback into our research team's research. We also describe challenges encountered during the dissemination process and ways to handle issues such as logistics, funding, and staff. This analysis provides key insights and practical advice for researchers looking for innovative ways to disseminate their findings within the lay and scientific communities.

Race trouble: attending to race and racism in online interaction.

PubMed

Durrheim, Kevin; Greener, Ross; Whitehead, Kevin A

2015-03-01

This article advocates the concept of race trouble as a way of synthesizing variation in racial discourse, and as a way of studying how social interaction and institutional life continue to be organized by conceptions of 'race' and 'racism'. Our analysis of an online discussion at a South African University about the defensibility of a characterization of (black) student protesters as 'savages' revealed a number of familiar strategies: participants avoided explicit racism, denied racism, and denied racism on behalf of others. However, the aim of this analysis was not to identify the 'real' racism, but to show how race and racism were used in the interaction to develop perspectives on transformation in the institution, to produce social division in the University, and to create ambivalently racialized and racializing subject positions. We demonstrate how, especially through uses of deracialized discourse, participants' actions were observably shaped by the potential ways in which others could hear 'race' and 'racism'. Race trouble thus became manifest through racial suggestion, allusion, innuendo, and implication. We conclude with a call to social psychologists to study the ways in which meanings of 'race' and 'racism' are forged and contested in relation to each other. © 2014 The British Psychological Society.

Indigenous knowledge and science revisited

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aikenhead, Glen S.; Ogawa, Masakata

2007-07-01

This article provides a guided tour through three diverse cultural ways of understanding nature: an Indigenous way (with a focus on Indigenous nations in North America), a neo-indigenous way (a concept proposed to recognize many Asian nations' unique ways of knowing nature; in this case, Japan), and a Euro-American scientific way. An exploration of these three ways of knowing unfolds in a developmental way such that some key terms change to become more authentic terms that better represent each culture's collective, yet heterogeneous, worldview, metaphysics, epistemology, and values. For example, the three ways of understanding nature are eventually described as Indigenous ways of living in nature, a Japanese way of knowing seigyo-shizen, and Eurocentric sciences (plural). Characteristics of a postcolonial or anti-hegemonic discourse are suggested for science education, but some inherent difficulties with this discourse are also noted.

FEA Reports on Proved Reserves

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Geotimes, 1975

1975-01-01

Explains the way in which oil and gas reserves are estimated, and the variation in these estimates according to the year of the resources' estimation and the group undertaking the survey. A recent Federal Energy Administration study suggests that recoverable oil and gas resources have limits that may be approached in the next 50 years. (MLH)

Understanding the Human Side of School Leadership: Principals' Impact on Teachers' Morale, Self-Efficacy, Stress, and Commitment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambersky, John

2016-01-01

This qualitative study from Ontario, Canada, reveals that principal behaviors shape teacher emotions in important ways, influencing teacher morale, burnout, stress, commitment, and self- and collective efficacy. The findings suggest that principals can influence teacher emotions through several key behaviors: professional respect shown for teacher…

Code-Switching Musicians: An Exploratory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isbell, Daniel S.; Stanley, Ann Marie

2018-01-01

There are populations of musicians who demonstrate considerable success-making music in formal school music ensembles and also in their own rock, digital, and ethnic groups in the larger musical community. We suggest helpful insights into the phenomenon of switching between various ways of being musical can be gleaned from the linguistic theory of…

How Many Ways Do I Love Thee? Three.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathes, Eugene W.; And Others

Most empirical data suggest that interpersonal attraction is caused by a single emotion known by different names (liking, romantic love, jealousy). Since all of these studies used dating or married couples as subjects, it is possible that liking, romantic love, and jealousy are separate emotions which converge only when their target is a dating…

The Relationship between Living Arrangement, Academic Performance, and Engagement among First-Year College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balfour, Denise Shata

2013-01-01

One way students become engaged in their undergraduate experience is through place of residence. Factors associated with high academic performance suggest high levels of engagement in campus life. This study investigated the relationship between living arrangement and the academic performance of first-year, full-time undergraduate students. The…

Online Technologies for Teaching Writing: Students React to Teacher Response in Voice and Written Modalities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Loel

2004-01-01

English departments are increasingly under pressure to offer writing courses online, but research that informs effective pedagogies--including effective ways to respond to students' drafts--is still limited. By investigating students' perceptions of online teacher response to student writing, this study suggests that in order to develop sound…

Postglobal Teacher Preparation: Border Thinking along the Global South through International Cross-Cultural Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rahatzad, Jubin; Sasser, Hannah L.; Phillion, JoAnn; Karimi, Nastaran; Deng, Yuwen; Akiyama, Reiko; Sharma, Suniti

2013-01-01

Preservice teachers' international cross-cultural experiences can provide opportunities for the exploration of epistemic frontiers. In this article we suggest that postglobal teacher preparation take a critically reflective approach that engages preservice teachers in border thinking, which allows for other ways of knowing while studying abroad.…

Analysis of Self-Recording in Self-Management Interventions for Stereotypy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fritz, Jennifer N.; Iwata, Brian A.; Rolider, Natalie U.; Camp, Erin M.; Neidert, Pamela L.

2012-01-01

Most treatments for stereotypy involve arrangements of antecedent or consequent events that are imposed entirely by a therapist. By contrast, results of some studies suggest that self-recording, a common component of self-management interventions, might be an effective and efficient way to reduce stereotypy. Because the procedure typically has…

Combining Interaction and Context Design to Support Collaborative Argumentation Using a Tool for Synchronous CMC

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mcalister, Simon; Ravenscroft, Andrew; Scanlon, Eileen

2004-01-01

Empirical studies and theory suggest that educational dialogue can be used to support learners in the development of reasoning, critical thinking and argumentation. This paper presents an educational design for synchronous online peer discussion that guides student dialogue in ways that lead to improved argumentation and collaborative knowledge…

Free School or Chalk Talk Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, M. Robert

1971-01-01

The author suggests that the time a teacher spends in a classroom is an observable way of knowing how the ideals of the discipline are being implemented. The article attempts to develop an alternative position to the one characterized by four traditions: lecture; traditional literature study; correctness; and one path for all English programs.…

Expanding Arts Education in a Digital Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Choi, Haeryun; Piro, Joseph M.

2009-01-01

This article proposes a way to expand the study of arts education within new contexts of technology and globalization. Drawing upon theories that have informed arts and aesthetic education in the past, the authors suggest new applications for these ideas to ensure that arts education sustains its significance in twenty-first-century society. The…

Mixed Methodology Approaches to Exploring Spiritual Transformation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehl-Madrona, Lewis; Mainguy, Barbara; Valenti, Michael Pickren

2013-01-01

Research suggests that spiritual transformation, a change in the way a person considers the sacred, can change medical outcome (Pargament, 2006). Psychometric studies have failed to identify specific factors, but qualitative reports detail an experience that can be reliably shown to have an impact. We report on the development of a rubric for…

Exploring the Intersectionality of AAPI and LGB Identities of College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ung, Nam K.

2013-01-01

Social identity literature suggests college is a critical time for students' identity development. However, there is a lack of studies exploring the experiences of Asian American Pacific Islander (AAPI) and lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LOB) college students. This gap in the identity development literature also affects the ways in which postsecondary…

Self-Assembled Student Interactions in Undergraduate General Chemistry Clicker Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacArthur, James R.; Jones, Loretta

2013-01-01

Student interviews, focus groups, and classroom observations were used in an exploratory study of the nature of student interactions in a large (300+ students) general chemistry course taught with clickers. These data suggest that students are self-assembling their learning environment: choosing ways in which to interact with one another during…

The Next Generation of State Assessment and Accountability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothman, Robert; Marion, Scott F.

2016-01-01

A pilot program in New Hampshire models innovative ways creating and applying state assessments and educator accountability. A study of New Hampshire's new system, which has already received approval by the U.S. Department of Education under a waiver from NCLB, finds some positive results and also suggests challenges states might face in putting…

Visual Perception and Regulatory Conflict: Motivation and Physiology Influence Distance Perception

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cole, Shana; Balcetis, Emily; Zhang, Sam

2013-01-01

Regulatory conflict can emerge when people experience a strong motivation to act on goals but a conflicting inclination to withhold action because physical resources available, or "physiological potentials", are low. This study demonstrated that distance perception is biased in ways that theory suggests assists in managing this conflict.…

Students' Technology Use and the Impacts on Well-Being

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cotten, Shelia R.

2008-01-01

This chapter reviews technology use patterns and the social impacts of technology on well-being among college students. It provides empirical evidence delineating the processes through which Internet use affects well-being among college students, and provides suggestions for ways to advance future studies in this area and for higher education…

The Role of Student Characteristics in Predicting Retention in Online Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cochran, Justin D.; Campbell, Stacy M.; Baker, Hope M.; Leeds, Elke M.

2014-01-01

Given the continued issue of student retention for online classes, past research has suggested several "retention strategies" focused on engaging students as a way to reduce their withdrawal rate from these classes. However, a recent study testing the effects of these strategies on retention in online undergraduate business courses…

Development and Evaluation of Metacognition in Early Childhood Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chatzipanteli, Athanasia; Grammatikopoulos, Vasilis; Gregoriadis, Athanasios

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study is to provide information and suggest ways to improve and evaluate metacognition in early childhood. Metacognition is important to learning and knowledge transfer and preparing students to become lifelong learners is a main aim of schooling. The engagement of young students in metacognitive thinking is considered…

A Basic Unit on Ethics for Technical Communicators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markel, Mike

1991-01-01

Describes a basic unit on ethics for technical communicators and offers suggestions on how to go about teaching the unit. Includes a brief definition of ethics, an explanation of the employee's three basic obligations, ways to analyze common dilemmas in technical communication, the role of the code of conduct, and a case study. (SR)

Evaluating Remote Reference Service: A Practical Guide to Problems and Solutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pomerantz, Jeffrey; Mon, Lorri; McClure, Charles R.

2008-01-01

This paper identifies key methodological issues affecting quality of data in the evaluation of remote reference services. Despite a growing number of studies in this area, no comprehensive effort has been made to identify potential problems and suggest solutions. The strategies proposed in this paper offer practical ways in which libraries can…

Can Technologies Make a Difference for Hospitalized Youth: Findings from Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maor, D.; Mitchem, K. J.

2015-01-01

Children and youth who are hospitalized for a short or long term become socially isolated from their family, school and classmates. As their isolation increases, so does their vulnerability as a result of disrupted schooling. Research studies suggest different ways of using technologies to overcome this isolation and support children during this…

An Origin and Destination Traffic Survey and Analysis for HECUS (Higher Education Center for Urban Studies) Universities. College of Engineering Report No. 73-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palazotto, Anthony N.; And Others

This report is the result of a pilot program to seek out ways for developing an educational institution's transportation flow. Techniques and resulting statistics are discussed. Suggestions for additional uses of the information obtained are indicated. (Author)

Writing Professor as Adult Learner: An Autoethnography of Online Professional Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henning, Teresa Beth

2012-01-01

This paper is a study of the author's experiences taking a six-week, asynchronous, online, faculty development class for educators at the secondary and postsecondary levels. Using autoethnography methods, the author details her learning and the ways her experiences support adult learning theories. Implications of this research suggest that adult…

Sibling Influence on Physical Activity and Sport Participation: Considerations for Coaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allbaugh, Chelsea N.; Bolter, Nicole D.; Shimon, Jane M.

2016-01-01

Sibling relationships are some of the most influential throughout one's life. While family influences have often been examined in sports settings, less has been studied regarding the specific roles siblings may play. Research suggests that the way athletes view sport participation can be shaped by their experiences and relationships with siblings.…

Does Addressing Prejudice and Discrimination through Holocaust Education Produce Better Citizens?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cowan, Paula; Maitles, Henry

2007-01-01

Previous research on teaching the Holocaust, primarily case studies in either the primary or the secondary sectors, suggests that Holocaust education can contribute to pupils' citizenship values in a positive way. Yet, in common with other initiatives, this evidence focuses exclusively on the short term impact of Holocaust education. Our ongoing…

Examining How Activity Shapes Students' Interactions While Creating Representations in Early Elementary Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danish, Joshua Adam; Saleh, Asmalina

2014-01-01

It is common practice in elementary science classrooms to have students create representations, such as drawings, as a way of exploring new content. While numerous studies suggest the benefits of representation in science, the majority focus on specific, canonical representations, such as graphs. Few offer insight or guidance regarding how…

A Typology of Retaliation Strategies against Social Aggression among Adolescent Girls

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kozlowski, Karen Phelan; Warber, Kathleen M.

2010-01-01

Girls respond to peer attacks of indirect social aggression in various ways. This study explores when and how victims retaliate against their aggressors. Qualitative interviews with 15 adolescent girls ages 10-16 suggest that victims of social aggression are likely to retaliate when their aggressors communicate the following: identity attacks,…

Picturing Equality: Exploring Civil Rights' Marches through Photographs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santoli, Susan; Vitulli, Paige; Giles, Rebecca

2015-01-01

Exploring controversial and difficult events and issues with young children can be challenging. The Civil Rights Movement is an abstract, perhaps remote, issue for young children today. However, it is an important part of our country's history and a theme worthy of study. This article suggests ways to use photographs to explore this mature subject…

Genetics at School Level: Addressing the Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chu, Yu-Chien; Reid, Norman

2012-01-01

Background: A wide range of studies has offered suggestions why genetics is difficult and some of their key findings are summarised. Underpinning all of this is the way the brain works when handling information. The limitations of working memory capacity offer an interpretation of these difficulties. Purpose: The aim is to confirm that working…

An Analysis of Korean Homicide Crime-Scene Actions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salfati, C. Gabrielle; Park, Jisun

2007-01-01

Recent studies have focused on how different styles of homicides will be reflected in the different types of behaviors committed by offenders at a crime scene. It is suggested that these different types of behaviors best be understood using two frameworks, expressive/instrumental aggression and planned/unplanned violence, to analyze the way the…

Researching the Educational Benefits of Diversity. Research Report No. 2005-4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Emily J.

2005-01-01

There are many different ways to research the educational benefits of diversity. Most of the findings from the research in this field suggest that experiences with diversity in higher education result in significant benefits on learning and democracy outcomes. This paper offers several examples of previous studies, as well as recommendations and…

Places and Spaces: Environmental Psychology in Education. Fastback 112.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heyman, Mark

The booklet discusses the concept of environmental psychology and suggests ways of applying environmental psychology principles to education. A new field of study, environmental psychology deals with influences of the physical environment on human attitudes and behavior. Of potential use to educators on all levels as they seek to use the physical…

Beyond a Politics of the Plural in World Englishes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porter, Curt

2014-01-01

This article explores three recent books related to World Englishes studies and considers ways they overtly and implicitly frame the politics of the field. The author also describes some of his own experiences working with graduate students that suggest a disruption of traditional dichotomies between single standard and pluralistic models of…

Centralized Negotiations of Salaries of Professional Staff in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson, LeRoy J.

This document reports on a study conducted in six European countries -- Denmark, England, France, Norway, Scotland, and Sweden -- and suggests ways to implement Statewide negotiations in the United States. The author first provides an overview of negotiations in the United States and then gives a country-by-country analysis of salary negotiations.…

The Role of Prefabricated Language in Young Children's Second Language Acquisition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perera, Natsuko Shibata

2001-01-01

A study investigated how young learners of English as a second language become both linguistically creative and capable of socializing in English through the use of prefabricated language (PL) (memorized chunks of sentences). Observations of four Japanese preschool children in two-way immersion programs suggested that PL acts as a scaffold for…

A Critical Analysis of Eight Informal Reading Inventories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nilsson, Nina L.

2008-01-01

For this content analysis study, the author examined and cross-compared the various ways in which eight informal reading inventories (IRIs) published from 2004 to 2008 address key issues relevant to new U.S. federal guidelines and the National Reading Panel's five critical components of reading instruction. Results suggest the IRIs range in…

Policy Analysis and Suggested Changes in Vocational Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pucinski, Roman

Studies mandated to the National Institute of Education (NIE) by the Vocational Education Amendments of 1976 can provide an on-going assessment of vocational education's success in meeting changing needs of the states and nation. They can provide new concepts to help meet vocational education's goals in eight ways. These are (1) clarifying who has…

Gubernatorial Authority and Influence on Public Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christakis, Michael N.

2009-01-01

State governors have the potential to impact their states' public higher education systems in a variety of very significant ways. The findings for the 33 governors included in this study suggest a great deal of variation in the extent of their authority and influence. Governors' composite ratings of formal authority and informal influence are…

Perceptual Learning Style Preferences among Iranian Graduate Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naserieh, Farid; Sarab, Mohammad Reza Anani

2013-01-01

Research suggests that a host of cognitive, affective, and perceptual variables are at work when individuals go about the task of second or foreign language learning. Among these variables are learning styles that are habitual ways of perceiving, processing, and storing information. This study was conducted as a response to Isemonger and…

76 FR 14072 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-15

... the estimated public burden or associated response time, suggestions, or need a copy of the proposed... violence research indicated that youth are rarely involved in research designed to better understand this... of the study, concept mapping will be used to create a visual representation of the ways youth and...

Authority Is Relational: Rethinking Educational Empowerment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bingham, Charles

2008-01-01

Written in an accessible and personal style, this innovative study of authority in education examines scenarios of authority in ways that problematize, augment, and redefine prevalent ideas of how it works. Usually seen as a thing that people have, the author suggests that authority should be understood instead as a relation that happens between…

How Does Collegiality Survive Managerially Led Universities? Evidence from a European Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marini, Giulio; Reale, Emanuela

2016-01-01

Today's universities are, accordingly to Clark's entrepreneurial model, sustained by managerialism, whereas collegialism may remain in contrast or work in a different way. More recent literature suggests the clash such as the potential for coexistence between managerialism and collegialism. The study analyses data from a survey of 26 universities…

Whose Parallellingualism? Overt and Covert Ideologies in Danish University Language Policies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hultgren, Anna Kristina

2014-01-01

This paper aims to contribute to the study of multilingualism in the workplace by analysing top-down language policies advocating parallellingualism at Denmark's eight universities. Parallellingualism, a key concept in Nordic language policy, has been suggested as a way to ensure an equitable balance between English and the Nordic language(s)…

Continuous Self-Selection Processes in Teacher Education: The Way for Survival.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zak, Itai

1981-01-01

Three selection phases were found in a study investigating the selection process of students into the teaching profession: (1) self selection by the potential teacher; (2) admission to the teacher-training program; and (3) election to undergo the course of instruction. Results suggest that personality traits are more important than cognitive…

The Hidden Dimensions of Mathematical Language and Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Street, Brian

2005-01-01

I draw attention to the distinction between reductionist views of "language" and the rich and complex ways in which we might approach language as social practice and suggest the latter view is evident in the set of papers collected here. Socially oriented linguists, including those in New Literacy Studies (NLS), look beyond reductionism, to…

Organising geometric computations for space telerobotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cameron, Stephen

1989-01-01

A truly intelligent system that interacts with the physical world must be endowed with the ability the compute with shapes: despite this, spatial reasoning is rarely regarded as part of mainstream artificial intelligence. Here, researchers argue that the study of intelligent spatial algorithms is a worthwhile activity, and give opinions and suggestions for the way forward.

Associations between Prosocial and Problem Behavior from Early to Late Adolescence.

PubMed

Padilla-Walker, Laura M; Memmott-Elison, Madison K; Coyne, Sarah M

2018-05-01

Though recent research has highlighted prosocial behavior as negatively associated with problem behavior during adolescence, we know little about how these variables might be associated longitudinally, whether there are bidirectional effects, and whether there might be different patterns of co-occurrence of behaviors for different individuals. Thus, the current study examined relations between prosocial and problem behaviors in three different ways in an attempt to better understand these associations. Participants included 500 adolescents recruited from a Northwestern state in the USA who took part in the study every year from age 12 to 18 (50% female, 67% European American). Growth curve analyses suggested that change in prosocial behavior was negatively associated with change in aggression and delinquency over time. A longitudinal panel model suggested that prosocial behavior and aggression were negatively associated bidirectionally, and that prosocial behavior was negatively associated with delinquency over time. Finally, mixture modeling conducted at ages 12, 15, and 18 revealed heterogeneity in the ways in which prosocial and problem behaviors co-occur. The discussion focuses on the complexity of interrelations between prosocial behavior and problem behavior across adolescence.

"I was on the way to the hospital but delivered in the bush": Maternal health in Ghana's Upper West Region in the context of a traditional birth attendants' ban.

PubMed

Rishworth, Andrea; Dixon, Jenna; Luginaah, Isaac; Mkandawire, Paul; Tampah Prince, Caesar

2016-01-01

This study examines perceptions and experiences of mothers, traditional birth attendants (TBA), and skilled birth attendants (SBA) regarding Ghana's recent policy that forbids TBAs from undertaking deliveries and restricts their role to referrals. In the larger context of Ghana's highly underdeveloped and geographically uneven health care system, this study draws on the political ecology of health framework to explore the ways global safe motherhood policy discourses intersect with local socio-cultural and political environments of Ghana's Upper West Region (UWR). This study reveals that futile improvements in maternal health and the continued reliance on TBAs illustrate the government's inability to understand local realities marked by poor access to SBAs or modern health care services. Using focus group discussions (FGDs) (n = 10) and in-depth interviews (IDIs) (n = 48) conducted in Ghana's UWR, the findings suggest that mothers generally perceive TBAs as better placed to conduct deliveries in rural isolated communities, where in most cases no SBAs are present or easily accessible. The results indicate that by adhering to the World Health Organization's guidelines, the local government may be imposing detrimental, unintended consequences on maternal and child health in remote rural locations. In addition, the findings suggest that the new policy has resulted in considerable confusion among TBAs, many of whom remain oblivious or have not been officially notified about the new policy. Furthermore, participant accounts suggest that the new policy is seen as contributing to worsening relations and tensions between TBAs and SBAs, a situation that undermines the delivery of maternal health services in the region. The study concludes by suggesting relevant policy recommendations. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Coupled disease-behavior dynamics on complex networks: A review.

PubMed

Wang, Zhen; Andrews, Michael A; Wu, Zhi-Xi; Wang, Lin; Bauch, Chris T

2015-12-01

It is increasingly recognized that a key component of successful infection control efforts is understanding the complex, two-way interaction between disease dynamics and human behavioral and social dynamics. Human behavior such as contact precautions and social distancing clearly influence disease prevalence, but disease prevalence can in turn alter human behavior, forming a coupled, nonlinear system. Moreover, in many cases, the spatial structure of the population cannot be ignored, such that social and behavioral processes and/or transmission of infection must be represented with complex networks. Research on studying coupled disease-behavior dynamics in complex networks in particular is growing rapidly, and frequently makes use of analysis methods and concepts from statistical physics. Here, we review some of the growing literature in this area. We contrast network-based approaches to homogeneous-mixing approaches, point out how their predictions differ, and describe the rich and often surprising behavior of disease-behavior dynamics on complex networks, and compare them to processes in statistical physics. We discuss how these models can capture the dynamics that characterize many real-world scenarios, thereby suggesting ways that policy makers can better design effective prevention strategies. We also describe the growing sources of digital data that are facilitating research in this area. Finally, we suggest pitfalls which might be faced by researchers in the field, and we suggest several ways in which the field could move forward in the coming years. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

From a Sense of Stereotypically Foreign to Belonging in a Science Community: Ways of Experiential Descriptions about High School Students' Science Internship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsu, Pei-Ling; Roth, Wolff-Michael

2010-01-01

Science educators often suggest that students should learn science in ways and settings that bear family resemblance with "the real thing." Internship in science laboratories constitutes one such way in which students may learn science and learn about science. However, very little is known about "how" participants experience a…

Improvement of CD-SEM mark position measurement accuracy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kasa, Kentaro; Fukuhara, Kazuya

2014-04-01

CD-SEM is now attracting attention as a tool that can accurately measure positional error of device patterns. However, the measurement accuracy can get worse due to pattern asymmetry as in the case of image based overlay (IBO) and diffraction based overlay (DBO). For IBO and DBO, a way of correcting the inaccuracy arising from measurement patterns was suggested. For CD-SEM, although a way of correcting CD bias was proposed, it has not been argued how to correct the inaccuracy arising from pattern asymmetry using CD-SEM. In this study we will propose how to quantify and correct the measurement inaccuracy affected by pattern asymmetry.

Young Children's Self-Concepts Include Representations of Abstract Traits and the Global Self.

PubMed

Cimpian, Andrei; Hammond, Matthew D; Mazza, Giulia; Corry, Grace

2017-11-01

There is debate about the abstractness of young children's self-concepts-specifically, whether they include representations of (a) general traits and abilities and (b) the global self. Four studies (N = 176 children aged 4-7) suggested these representations are indeed part of early self-concepts. Studies 1 and 2 reexamined prior evidence that young children cannot represent traits and abilities. The results suggested that children's seemingly immature judgments in previous studies were due to peculiarities of the task context not the inadequacy of children's self-concepts. Similarly, Studies 3 and 4 revealed that, contrary to claims of immaturity in reasoning about the global self, young children update their global self-evaluations in flexible, context-sensitive ways. This evidence suggests continuity in the structure of self-concepts across childhood. © 2017 The Authors. Child Development © 2017 Society for Research in Child Development, Inc.

The use of patient feedback by hospital boards of directors: a qualitative study of two NHS hospitals in England.

PubMed

Lee, Robert; Baeza, Juan I; Fulop, Naomi J

2018-02-01

Although previous research suggests that different kinds of patient feedback are used in different ways to help improve the quality of hospital care, there have been no studies of the ways in which hospital boards of directors use feedback for this purpose. To examine whether and how boards of directors of hospitals use feedback from patients to formulate strategy and to assure and improve the quality of care. We undertook an in-depth qualitative study in two acute hospital National Health Service foundation trusts in England, purposively selected as contrasting examples of the collection of different kinds of patient feedback. We collected and analysed data from interviews with directors and other managers, from observation of board meetings, and from board papers and other documents. The two boards used in-depth qualitative feedback and quantitative feedback from surveys in different ways to help develop strategies, set targets for quality improvement and design specific quality improvement initiatives; but both boards made less subsequent use of any kinds of feedback to monitor their strategies or explicitly to assure the quality of services. We have identified limitations in the uses of patient feedback by hospital boards that suggest that boards should review their current practice to ensure that they use the different kinds of patient feedback that are available to them more effectively to improve, monitor and assure the quality of care. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Hooking-Up, Religiosity, and Sexting Among College Students.

PubMed

Hall, Michael; Williams, Ronald D; Ford, M Allison; Cromeans, Erin Murphy; Bergman, Randall J

2016-07-28

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediation effect of sexting, and taking sexually suggestive photos on religiosity and hooking-up with three separate sexual outcomes. A web-based survey examined the relationship between religiosity and the three hooking-up outcomes among students reporting sexting or taking a sexually suggestive photo in the last 30 days (n = 231). Sexting, as well as taking sexually suggestive photos mediated the relationship between religiosity and hooking-up among females. Sexting may be initiated by females as a way to engage in a nonphysical sexual interaction, which ultimately predisposes them to a physical sexual outcome.

Influence of multiple categories on the prediction of unknown properties

PubMed Central

Verde, Michael F.; Murphy, Gregory L.; Ross, Brian H.

2006-01-01

Knowing an item's category helps us predict its unknown properties. Previous studies suggest that when asked to evaluate the probability of an unknown property, people tend to consider only an item's most likely category, ignoring alternative categories. In the present study, property prediction took the form of either a probability rating or a speeded, binary-choice judgment. Consistent with past findings, subjects ignored alternative categories in their probability ratings. However, their binary-choice judgments were influenced by alternative categories. This novel finding suggests that the way category knowledge is used in prediction depends critically on the form of the prediction. PMID:16156183

Big Robots for Little Kids: Investigating the Role of Scale in Early Childhood Robotics Kits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vizner, Miki Z.

Couch fort and refrigerator box constructions are staples of early childhood play in American culture. Can this this large-scale fantasy type of play be leveraged to facilitate computational thinking? This thesis looks at the ways Kindergarteners (age 5-6) use two variations of the KIBO robotics platform in their play and learning. The first is the standard KIBO kit developed at the DevTech research group at Tufts University and commercialized by Kinderlab robotics. The second, created by the author, is 100 times bigger and can be ridden by children and adults. Specifically this study addresses the research question "How are children's experiences with big-KIBO different from KIBO?" To do so this thesis presents two analytical tools that were assembled conceptually from literature and the authors experiences with KIBO, examined using the data collected in this study, refined, and used as frameworks for understanding the data. They are a developmental model of programming with KIBO and an operationalization of Bers's (2018) powerful ideas of computational thinking when using KIBO. Vignettes from the data are presented and analyzed using these frameworks. Content and structural play themes are extracted from additional vignettes with each robot. In this study there are no clear differences in the ways children engage in computational thinking or develop their ability to program. There appear to be differences in the ways children play with the robots. Suggesting that a larger robot offers new opportunities and pathways for children to engage in computational thinking tasks. This study makes a case for the importance of thinking developmentally about computational thinking. Connections to literature and theory as well as suggestions for future work, both for children and designers, are discussed.

Applying andragogy in nursing continuing education.

PubMed

Nielsen, B B

1989-01-01

Andragogy, a philosophical orientation for adult education, receives little attention in the nursing continuing education literature. Yet, the tenets of andragogy form the organizing framework for programming. This article defines andragogy and provides selected results of a research study designed to test andragogical concepts in long-term oncology nursing continuing education programs. The results of the study suggest a new way of viewing the goals of nursing continuing education activities.

Parental Involvement in Latina/Latino-Impacted Schools in the Midwest: Recognizing the Role and Function of Home-Based Knowledge and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lopez, Gerardo R.; Vazquez, Vanessa A.

2006-01-01

This qualitative research study aims to provide rich narratives of parental involvement in households of newcomer Latino immigrants in the Midwest. A total of 20 families participated in this 4-month research study. Findings suggest that parents do get involved in traditional ways but view "consejos" (the giving of sage advice) as a form of…

An Assessment of Students' Performance in Communication Skills: A Case Study of the University of Education Winneba

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asemanyi, Abena Abokoma

2015-01-01

This study was done to find out the factors that account for the poor performances of students and to find out ways of improving the teaching and learning of the Communication Skills course at the University of Education, Winneba. The research also had an aim of bringing to light suggestions and recommendations on how to improve the teaching and…

Economic Education Experiences of Enterprising Teachers, Volume 15. A Report Developed from the 1976-77 Entries in the International Paper Company Foundation Awards Program for the Teaching of Economics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dawson, George G., Ed.

Twenty award winning, teacher-developed programs, projects, courses, and materials in economic education are presented. These case study projects are designed to be used with kindergarten through college students. The case studies are organized by grade level into five chapters. Chapter I suggests ways to teach economic concepts to educable…

Incremental effects of reward on creativity.

PubMed

Eisenberger, R; Rhoades, L

2001-10-01

The authors examined 2 ways reward might increase creativity. First, reward contingent on creativity might increase extrinsic motivation. Studies 1 and 2 found that repeatedly giving preadolescent students reward for creative performance in 1 task increased their creativity in subsequent tasks. Study 3 reported that reward promised for creativity increased college students' creative task performance. Second, expected reward for high performance might increase creativity by enhancing perceived self-determination and, therefore, intrinsic task interest. Study 4 found that employees' intrinsic job interest mediated a positive relationship between expected reward for high performance and creative suggestions offered at work. Study 5 found that employees' perceived self-determination mediated a positive relationship between expected reward for high performance and the creativity of anonymous suggestions for helping the organization.

“The Poison That Ruined the Nation”: Native American Men—Alcohol, Identity, and Traditional Healing

PubMed Central

Matamonasa-Bennett, Arieahn

2015-01-01

Alcoholism and destructive drinking patterns are serious social problems in many Native American reservation and urban communities. This qualitative study of men from a single Great Lakes reservation community examined the social, cultural, and psychological aspects of their alcohol problems through their life stories. The men were in various stages of recovery and sobriety, and data collection consisted of open-ended interviews and analysis utilizing principles and techniques from grounded theory and ethnographic content analysis. Alcoholism and other serious social problems facing Native American communities need to be understood in the sociocultural and historical contexts of colonization and historical grief and trauma. This study suggests that for Native American men, there are culturally specific perspectives on alcohol that have important implications for prevention and treatment of alcohol abuse. The participants’ narratives provided insight into the ways reconnecting with traditional cultural values (retraditionalization) helped them achieve sobriety. For these men, alcohol was highly symbolic of colonization as well as a protest to it. Alcohol was a means for affirming “Indian” identity and sobriety a means for reaffirming traditional tribal identity. Their narratives suggested the ways in which elements of traditional cultural values and practices facilitate healing in syncretic models and Nativized treatment. Understanding the ways in which specific Native cultural groups perceive their problems with drinking and sobriety can create more culturally congruent, culturally sensitive, and effective treatment approaches and inform future research. PMID:25812975

Learning Opportunities in Synchronous Computer-Mediated Communication and Face-to-Face Interaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Hye Yeong

2014-01-01

This study investigated how synchronous computer-mediated communication (SCMC) and face-to-face (F2F) oral interaction influence the way in which learners collaborate in language learning and how they solve their communicative problems. The findings suggest that output modality may affect how learners produce language, attend to linguistic forms,…

Using Stable Isotopes to Assess Reduced Physical Activity of Individuals with Prader-Willi Syndrome.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davies, Peter S. W.; Joughlin, C.

1993-01-01

This study found that the physical activity levels of 10 children with Prader-Willi syndrome were significantly reduced in comparison to children without the syndrome. Increasing activity levels in children with Prader-Willi syndrome is suggested as a way to raise total energy expenditure and control weight gain. (Author/JDD)

Exploring Principal Capacity to Lead Reform of Teaching and Learning Quality in Thailand

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hallinger, Philip; Lee, Moosung

2013-01-01

In 1999 Thailand passed an ambitious national educational law that paved the way for major reforms in teaching, learning and school management. Despite the ambitious vision of reform embedded in this law, recent studies suggest that implementation progress has been slow, uneven, and lacking deep penetration onto classrooms. Carried out ten years…

Death Education as a Learning Experience. SCIP No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bensley, Loren B., Jr.

This monograph on death education defines death education, discusses the need for it, and suggests ways of teaching it. Death education is defined as the process by which one explores man's relationship with life. The basic philosophy underlying death education is that through the study of death students will gain an appreciation for life which…

My World Is a Metaphor: An Investigation into Reflective Practices Specifically Utilizing Metaphors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Lacey Ann

2013-01-01

This dissertation suggests that metaphors are a powerful learning tool in education and a way to develop as a professional educator. The purpose of this phenomenological study was to gain a deeper understanding of how teachers utilize metaphors during reflection. I addressed their experience with metaphors, how they use metaphors, how metaphors…

Forum: Interpersonal Communication in Instructional Settings. The Instructor-Student Relationship as an Alternative Form of Superior-Subordinate Relationship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Scott A.

2017-01-01

In this brief forum article, the author suggests studying the instructor-student relationship as a superior-subordinate relationship offers an alternative way to view how student learning occurs in the college classroom, and can provide instructional communication researchers with the opportunity to explore how structural and institutional…

Class, Culture and the "Predicaments of Masculine Domination": Encountering Pierre Bourdieu

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dillabough, Jo-Anne

2004-01-01

This paper seeks to outline and evaluate Pierre Bourdieu's work as it has appeared most recently in feminist studies and the field of gender and education. In particular, it suggests ways in which Bourdieu's theoretical insights could be seen to more effectively contribute to cutting edge debates in both social theory and feminist thought…

Agency in Action--Young Women and Their Sexual Relationships in a Private School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maxwell, Claire; Aggleton, Peter

2010-01-01

Agency among young women is often understood as fleeting in nature, and studies rarely offer insights into how agency could become a more sustained position. Using data from 54 young women discussing their sexual and intimate relationships, this paper suggests a new way of understanding agency beyond that found in work which stresses agentic…

Implementing Welfare-Employment Programs: An Institutional Analysis of the Work Incentive (WIN) Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, John J.; And Others

Factors that influence the effectiveness of state and local units of the federal Work Incentive (WIN) program were examined to suggest ways to improve the program, which is designed to move recipients of Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) into productive jobs. Factors studied were organizational, managerial, and service delivery…

e-Learning Indicators: A Multi-Dimensional Model for Planning and Evaluating e-Learning Software Solutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fetaji, Bekim; Fetaji, Majlinda

2009-01-01

As a number of recent studies suggest applications of networked computers in education have very inconsistent results ranging from success stories to complete failures. Literally, thousands of e-learning projects have been carried out that greatly differ in their outcomes. Until now, however, there is no systematic or a standardized way of…

All Rigor and No Play Is No Way to Improve Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wohlwend, Karen; Peppler, Kylie

2015-01-01

The authors propose and discuss their Playshop curricular model, which they developed with teachers. Their studies suggest a playful approach supports even more rigor than the Common Core State Standards require for preschool and early grade children. Children keep their attention longer when learning comes in the form of something they can play…

Sociolinguistic and Measurement Considerations for Construction of Armed Services Selection Batteries.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-12-01

The objective of this study is to identify potential sources of linguistics bias in Armed Forces aptitude tests. General aspects of a sociolinguistic ...conclusion summarizes specific considerations that should be given to sociolinguistic aspects of aptitude tests and suggests ways in which this anlaysis may be followed up by test designers and test interpreters. (Author)

Physical Activity, Exercise, and Nutrition Interventions for Weight Control in African American Women

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asare, Matthew; Sharma, Manoj

2010-01-01

The purpose of this paper was to review the physical activity, exercise, and nutrition related weight control interventions done with African American women that were published between 2006 and 2010 and suggest ways of enhancing these interventions. A total of 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. The review found significant results with regard…

An Exploratory Study of Selected Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes of Indiana Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Christina A.; Baldwin, Kathleen L.; Tanner, Amanda E.

2007-01-01

Although there are numerous ways to obtain accurate information about sexuality, research suggests that many American adults do not have accurate sexuality and sexual health knowledge. This research investigated selected sexual knowledge and attitudes of adults in Indiana. A representative sample of men (n = 158) and women (n = 340) aged 18 to 89…

Interrelationships Between Landscape Art and Geography in Latin America: First Response to a Challenge.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinson, Tom L.

Interrelationships between geography and art are explored and ways of integrating an appreciation of landscape art in Latin America into geography instruction are suggested. That geographers have long recognized the usefulness of landscape painting in the study of places is exemplified by the remark by geographer John Leighly in 1937 that "art…

Researcher Creations? The Positioning of Policy Texts in Higher Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ashwin, Paul; Smith, Karen

2015-01-01

In this article we explore the way in which policy texts are positioned in a selection of higher education journal articles. Previous research has suggested that policy implementation studies have taken an uncritical approach to researching policies. Based on an analysis of articles published in higher education and policy journals in 2011, we…

Local and Global Cross-Modal Influences between Vision and Hearing, Tasting, Smelling, or Touching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forster, Jens

2011-01-01

It is suggested that the distinction between global versus local processing styles exists across sensory modalities. Activation of one-way of processing in one modality should affect processing styles in a different modality. In 12 studies, auditory, haptic, gustatory or olfactory global versus local processing was induced, and participants were…

Dysphagic Independent Feeders' Justifications for Noncompliance with Recommendations by a Speech-Language Pathologist

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colodny, Nancy

2005-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the various ways in which independent-feeding patients with dysphagia justified their noncompliance with swallowing recommendations suggested by a speech-language pathologist (SLP). Sixty-three independent-feeding dysphagia patients between the ages of 65 and 100 years who had been identified by the SLP or…

Toward Embracing Multiple Perspectives in World History Curricula: Interrogating Representations of Intercultural Exchanges between Ancient Civilizations in Quebec Textbooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdou, Ehaab D.

2017-01-01

Guided by critical discourse analysis, this study analyzes how ancient civilizations are constructed in high school history textbooks used in Quebec, Canada. The findings suggest that the narrative generally ignores 2-way intercultural exchanges. The narrative is also Eurocentric, silencing sub-Saharan Africa's contributions and nonmaterial…

Academic Risks Associated with Emerging Adults Seeking the College Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strage, Amy; Sorkhabi, Nadia

2016-01-01

Sadly, data collected from universities across the nation continue to suggest that fully half of the "emerging adults" (Arnett, 2015) who make their way to college will not graduate. This vexing statistic is particularly troublesome because it reflects a tremendous cost--in dollars, in time, and in self-esteem. In this study, we report…

Understanding the Racial Transfer Gap: Modeling Underrepresented Minority and Nonminority Students' Pathways from Two-to Four-Year Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crisp, Gloria; Nuñez, Anne-Marie

2014-01-01

This study models student-and institutional-level factors that influence vertical transfer among a national sample of White and underrepresented minority (URM) community college students. Results indicate that the predictors of transfer are different in many ways for White and URM students. Most notably, findings suggest that enrolling in…

The outdoor situational fear inventory: a newer measure of an older instrument

Treesearch

Anderson B. Young; Alan Ewert; Sharon Todd; Thomas Steele; Thomas Quinn

1995-01-01

This study examined the relationship of two methods of scaling the Outdoor Situational Fear Inventory - continuum scaling and the more easily scored certainty method of scaling. Although item-by-item correlations varied widely, overall and subscale score relationships were strong. The data also suggested ways to clarify interpretations of earlier continuum scaled OSFI...

Interactive App Improves Colorectal Cancer Screening Rates | Division of Cancer Prevention

Cancer.gov

Although screening for colorectal cancer has been shown to decrease deaths from the disease, only about two-thirds of Americans are up to date with screening. Now a new study suggests that giving people an easy way to order their own screening tests may help increase the number of people who get screened. |

"The End Could Be Just the Beginning": The Study of Relationship Termination through the Performance of Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

West, Richard L.; Gentile, John S.

Noting that breaking off romantic relationships can be traumatic even when the end is welcome, this paper describes the strategies and stages of relationship termination and suggests ways for instructors of oral interpretation and/or interpersonal communication classes to illustrate such relational decay. The first section deals with relationship…

Academic Resilience and Achievement: Self-Motivational Resources That Guide Faculty Participation in Instructional Technology Training at a Mexican University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Montero-Hernandez, Virginia; Levin, John; Diaz-Castillo, Maribel

2014-01-01

This study uses narrative analysis to understand the ways in which Mexican university faculty members used their self-motivational resources to persist in an instructional technology training program within adverse work conditions. The methodology included interviews and participant observation. Findings suggest that faculty's academic resilience…

What Is "Good" Technical Communication? A Comparison of the Standards of Writing and Engineering Instructors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Summer

2003-01-01

Presents the results of an empirical study comparing writing and engineering instructors' responses to students' technical writing. Indicates that the gap between engineering and writing teachers' standards for evaluating technical writing is not as wide as is generally assumed. Concludes that the differences that do emerge suggest ways that the…

The Social Consequences of Natural and Man-Made Emergency: The Regional Aspect

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abdikerova, Gulnapis; Omarova, Assem

2016-01-01

To investigate the causes of natural and social disasters of the extraordinary character, show the importance of preventive measures at the level of the state and public organizations, and suggest ways to improve the quality of training and emergencies is the purpose of the proposed work. With particular emphasis on the study of emergencies…

Investigating a Link between Pre-Calculus Students' Uses of Graphing Calculators and Their Understanding of Mathematical Symbols

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenney, Rachael H.

2014-01-01

This study examined ways in which students make use of a graphing calculator and how use relates to comfort and understanding with mathematical symbols. Analysis involved examining students' words and actions in problem solving to identify evidence of algebraic insight. Findings suggest that some symbols and symbolic structures had strong…

Using Our Communities. An Outline for Action in Vermont Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murrow, Casey, Ed.

Outstanding community based work now going on in Vermont schools is described in this booklet which also suggests ways to develop similar work in other communities. The term "Community Studies" is used to encompass a broad range of activities carried out with the local community as the focus of and location for students' work. The…

Classifying Exercise Activities According to Motivation, Self-Objectification, and Disordered Eating: How Can We Target Change?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grupski, Allison

2009-01-01

SurvObjectification theorists suggest that one way for women to combat self-objectification is through participation in sport and exercise activities that encourage body competence. This two-part study investigates the impact of (a) motivation for physical activity and (b) type of physical activity on the outcomes of self-objectification, body…

Children's Recognition of Their Own Recorded Voice: Influence of Age and Phonological Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strombergsson, Sofia

2013-01-01

Children with phonological impairment (PI) often have difficulties perceiving insufficiencies in their own speech. The use of recordings has been suggested as a way of directing the child's attention toward his/her own speech, despite a lack of evidence that children actually recognize their recorded voice as their own. We present two studies of…

ICT for Development: Are Brazilian Students Well Prepared to Become Global Citizens?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lima, Clarisse O.; Brown, Scott W.

2007-01-01

The way globalization is present in our lives today provides an array of opportunities and requires individuals to acquire new knowledge and skills in order to become active and responsible citizens in their societies and in the world. This study suggests that Brazilian students demonstrate that they are using information and communication…

Closing the Loop: The Impact of Student Feedback on Students' Subsequent Learning. Research Report Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Powney, Janet; Hall, Stuart

Higher education institutions in the United Kingdom (UK) use a variety of ways to collect views from students about the quality of their educational experiences and suggestions for improvements. A small-scale study, funded by Higher Education Quality Council (QAA), explored how this feedback contributes to enhancing subsequent performance. Drawing…

Moving beyond the Reflectivity of Post-Lesson Mentoring Conferences in Teacher Education and Creating Learning/development Opportunities for Pre-Service Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ciavaldini-Cartaut, Solange

2015-01-01

This longitudinal case study suggests ways to move beyond the reflective process usually associated with post-lesson mentoring conferences by describing the modalities likely to generate real learning/development opportunities. Based on cultural-historical activity theories (CHAT) and using methodologies from sociodiscursive interactionism, this…

Taming Hydra: The Problem of Balancing Teaching and Scholarship at a Two-Year College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knodt, Ellen Andrews

1988-01-01

Suggests several ways that institutions can help teachers continue with research and scholarly studies, such as: (1) released time for faculty; (2) variable course loads; (3) external funding; (4) government grants; (5) providing adequate library resources; and (6) overcoming the isolation of two-year college faculty from their colleagues. (RAE)

In Memory of All the Broken Ones: Catalytic Validity through Critical Arts Research for Social Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robson, Claire; Sumara, Dennis

2016-01-01

The authors of this article use data produced in a collaborative community arts group in BC Canada as a way to think about validation in arts-based educational research (ABER). As Lather attempted to find middle ground between "rampant subjectivity" and "pointless precision" in research, she (1986) suggested that studies with…

Exploring Railroad Track Ecology as an Outdoor Teaching Technique.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rillo, Thomas J.

Railroad right-of-ways can provide an outdoor classroom where many indigenous organisms and other natural resources can be directly experienced. A typical class can be divided into 3 or 4 segments, with each representing a study group assigned to a specific area of investigation. Suggested activities and questions are presented for the following:…

The Attentional Boost Effect: Transient Increases in Attention to One Task Enhance Performance in a Second Task

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swallow, Khena M.; Jiang, Yuhong V.

2010-01-01

Recent work on event perception suggests that perceptual processing increases when events change. An important question is how such changes influence the way other information is processed, particularly during dual-task performance. In this study, participants monitored a long series of distractor items for an occasional target as they…

"Partnership" High Schools: The Search for New Ways to Cooperate. Industry and Education, Study No. 2/Partnerships.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Institute for Educational Development, New York, NY.

Industry-school partnerships are needed to help students, especially urban youth, become acquainted with the realities of preparing for employment and with the processes of finding a job, staying employed, and moving on through training to improved productivity and earning power. This report suggests considerations for organizing such partnerships…

Understanding College-Student Roles: Perspectives of Participants in a High School/Community College Dual-Enrollment Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lile, Joy R.; Ottusch, Timothy M.; Jones, Terese; Richards, Leslie N.

2018-01-01

Dual-enrollment programs have been proposed as a useful way to ease students' transition from high school to community college. Several studies have shown that dual enrollment produces positive effects for students, but less is known about the mechanisms these programs use to support student success. Symbolic interactionism suggests that clarity…

Exploring the Impact of Online Training Design on Volunteer Motivation and Intention to Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frendo, Molly

2017-01-01

Prior research on volunteer training suggests that in-person options are the best way to support volunteer skill development and motivation. Until fairly recently, face-to-face training was the only choice for volunteer training beyond individual self-study through books and manuals. Due to lack of resources and an increased accessibility of…

Is Acculturation a Dynamic Construct?: The Influence of Method of Priming Culture on Acculturation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lechuga, Julia

2008-01-01

Recent evidence suggests that culture is a dynamic construct activated in response to cues encountered in a given situation. Research on acculturation indicates that this is a complex construct that might be domain specific. Two studies were undertaken to investigate the effect of two ways of priming culture on acculturation and enculturation…

A New Look at Voter Turnout: Good News after All?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Social Education, 2006

2006-01-01

Many studies of the United States voting have sought to explain why voter participation is declining. Recent research by Michael P. McDonald suggests that the much lamented "decline in voter participation" is an artifact of the way in which turnout rates have been measured. McDonald is an assistant professor of government and politics in…

A Study of Pre-Service Elementary Teachers' Mathematical Sophistication in a Reform-Oriented Calculus Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ritter, Carrie Lineberry

2015-01-01

Calls for better preparation of STEM teachers have been prominent in educational communities and among the public for the past several years (e.g. American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education, 2007). Some research suggests one way to improve mathematics instruction is to increase elementary pre-service teachers' "mathematical…

The Linkage between Secondary Victimization by Law Enforcement and Rape Case Outcomes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patterson, Debra

2011-01-01

Prior research has suggested that almost half of rape victims are treated by law enforcement in ways that they experience as upsetting (termed "secondary victimization"). However, it remains unknown why some victims have negative experiences with law enforcement and others do not. The purpose of this study is to explore victims' experiences with…

Beyond Intimaphobia: Object Lessons from Foucault and Sade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Greteman, Adam Joseph

2014-01-01

In this study I suggest ways of thinking through issues of intimacy that have emerged in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries in the USA. I propose a state of intimaphobia in education. However, I move beyond exposing this state of intimaphobia to offer particular readings of two philosophers of intimacy: Michel Foucault and the…

How Are Community Interventions Conceptualized and Conducted? An Analysis of Published Accounts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trickett, Edison J.; Espino, Susan Ryerson; Hawe, Penelope

2011-01-01

Recent discussions about the conduct of community interventions suggest the importance of developing more comprehensive theorizing about their nature and effects. The present study is an effort to infer how community interventions are theorized by the way they are represented in the peer-reviewed scholarly literature. A coding of a random sample…

Value and benefits of open-book examinations as assessment for deep learning in a post-graduate animal health course.

PubMed

Dale, Vicki H M; Wieland, Barbara; Pirkelbauer, Birgit; Nevel, Amanda

2009-01-01

This study provides an overview of the perceptions of alumni in relation to their experience of open-book examinations (OBEs) as post-graduate students. This type of assessment was introduced as a way of allowing these adult learners to demonstrate their conceptual understanding and ability to apply knowledge in practice, which in theory would equip them with problem-solving skills required for the workplace. This study demonstrates that alumni-shown to be predominantly deep learners-typically regarded OBEs as less stressful than closed-book examinations, and as an effective way to assess the application of knowledge to real-life problems. Additional staff training and student induction, particularly for international students, are suggested as a means of improving the acceptability and effectiveness of OBEs.

Using Vignettes to Tap Into Moral Reasoning in Public Health Policy: Practical Advice and Design Principles From a Study on Food Advertising to Children

PubMed Central

Taylor, Emily; Hoang, Sylvia; Cook, Brian

2014-01-01

In this article, we describe a process for designing and applying vignettes in public health policy research and practice. We developed this methodology for a study on moral reasoning underpinning policy debate on food advertising to children. Using vignettes prompted policy actors who were relatively entrenched in particular ways of speaking professionally about a controversial and ethically challenging issue to converse in a more authentic and reflective way. Vignettes hold benefits and complexities. They can focus attention on moral conflicts, draw out different types of evidence to support moral reasoning, and enable simultaneous consideration of real and ideal worlds. We suggest a process and recommendations on design features for crafting vignettes for public health policy. PMID:25121818

Witnessing excellence in action: the 'other-praising' emotions of elevation, gratitude, and admiration.

PubMed

Algoe, Sara B; Haidt, Jonathan

2009-01-01

People are often profoundly moved by the virtue or skill of others, yet psychology has little to say about the 'other-praising' family of emotions. Here we demonstrate that emotions such as elevation, gratitude, and admiration differ from more commonly studied forms of positive affect (joy and amusement) in many ways, and from each other in a few ways. The results of studies using recall, video induction, event-contingent diary, and letter-writing methods to induce other-praising emotions suggest that: elevation (a response to moral excellence) motivates prosocial and affiliative behavior, gratitude motivates improved relationships with benefactors, and admiration motivates self-improvement. Mediation analyses highlight the role of conscious emotion between appraisals and motivations. Discussion focuses on implications for emotion research, interpersonal relationships, and morality.

Using vignettes to tap into moral reasoning in public health policy: practical advice and design principles from a study on food advertising to children.

PubMed

Mah, Catherine L; Taylor, Emily; Hoang, Sylvia; Cook, Brian

2014-10-01

In this article, we describe a process for designing and applying vignettes in public health policy research and practice. We developed this methodology for a study on moral reasoning underpinning policy debate on food advertising to children. Using vignettes prompted policy actors who were relatively entrenched in particular ways of speaking professionally about a controversial and ethically challenging issue to converse in a more authentic and reflective way. Vignettes hold benefits and complexities. They can focus attention on moral conflicts, draw out different types of evidence to support moral reasoning, and enable simultaneous consideration of real and ideal worlds. We suggest a process and recommendations on design features for crafting vignettes for public health policy.

Witnessing excellence in action: the ‘other-praising’ emotions of elevation, gratitude, and admiration

PubMed Central

Algoe, Sara B.; Haidt, Jonathan

2009-01-01

People are often profoundly moved by the virtue or skill of others, yet psychology has little to say about the ‘other-praising’ family of emotions. Here we demonstrate that emotions such as elevation, gratitude, and admiration differ from more commonly studied forms of positive affect (joy and amusement) in many ways, and from each other in a few ways. The results of studies using recall, video induction, event-contingent diary, and letter-writing methods to induce other-praising emotions suggest that: elevation (a response to moral excellence) motivates prosocial and affiliative behavior, gratitude motivates improved relationships with benefactors, and admiration motivates self-improvement. Mediation analyses highlight the role of conscious emotion between appraisals and motivations. Discussion focuses on implications for emotion research, interpersonal relationships, and morality. PMID:19495425

Forgiveness and justice: a research agenda for social and personality psychology.

PubMed

Exline, Julie Juola; Worthington, Everett L; Hill, Peter; McCullough, Michael E

2003-01-01

Forgiveness and related constructs (e.g., repentance, mercy, reconciliation) are ripe for study by social and personality psychologists, including those interested in justice. Current trends in social science, law, management, philosophy, and theology suggest a need to expand existing justice frameworks to incorporate alternatives or complements to retribution, including forgiveness and related processes. In this article, we raise five challenging empirical questions about forgiveness. For each question, we briefly review representative research, raise hypotheses, and suggest specific ways in which social and personality psychologists could make distinctive contributions.

CASE STUDY RESEARCH: THE VIEW FROM COMPLEXITY SCIENCE

PubMed Central

Anderson, Ruth; Crabtree, Benjamin F.; Steele, David J.; McDaniel, Reuben R.

2005-01-01

Many wonder why there has been so little change in care quality, despite substantial quality improvement efforts. Questioning why current approaches are not making true changes draws attention to the organization as a source of answers. We bring together the case study method and complexity science to suggest new ways to study health care organizations. The case study provides a method for studying systems. Complexity theory suggests that keys to understanding the system are contained in patterns of relationships and interactions among the system’s agents. We propose some of the “objects” of study that are implicated by complexity theory and discuss how studying these using case methods may provide useful maps of the system. We offer complexity theory, partnered with case study method, as a place to begin the daunting task of studying a system as an integrated whole. PMID:15802542

Humanism as a common factor in psychotherapy.

PubMed

Wampold, Bruce E

2012-12-01

There are many forms of psychotherapies, each distinctive in its own way. From the origins of psychotherapy, it has been suggested that psychotherapy is effective through factors that are common to all therapies. In this article, I suggest that the commonalities that are at the core of psychotherapy are related to evolved human characteristics, which include (a) making sense of the world, (b) influencing through social means, and (c) connectedness, expectation, and mastery. In this way, all psychotherapies are humanistic. (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.

Modeling the Milky Way: Spreadsheet Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitmer, John C.

1990-01-01

Described is the generation of a scale model of the solar system and the milky way galaxy using a computer spreadsheet program. A sample spreadsheet including cell formulas is provided. Suggestions for using this activity as a teaching technique are included. (CW)

To Your Health: NLM update transcript - A new way to illustrate health care

MedlinePlus

... NLM update Transcript A new way to illustrate health care : 05/07/2018 To use the sharing features ... to represent both the experiences of patients and health care providers was suggested as a new mass medium ...

Gender Stereotypes.

PubMed

Ellemers, Naomi

2018-01-04

There are many differences between men and women. To some extent, these are captured in the stereotypical images of these groups. Stereotypes about the way men and women think and behave are widely shared, suggesting a kernel of truth. However, stereotypical expectations not only reflect existing differences, but also impact the way men and women define themselves and are treated by others. This article reviews evidence on the nature and content of gender stereotypes and considers how these relate to gender differences in important life outcomes. Empirical studies show that gender stereotypes affect the way people attend to, interpret, and remember information about themselves and others. Considering the cognitive and motivational functions of gender stereotypes helps us understand their impact on implicit beliefs and communications about men and women. Knowledge of the literature on this subject can benefit the fair judgment of individuals in situations where gender stereotypes are likely to play a role.

Event-Related Potentials of Bottom-Up and Top-Down Processing of Emotional Faces

PubMed Central

Moradi, Afsane; Mehrinejad, Seyed Abolghasem; Ghadiri, Mohammad; Rezaei, Farzin

2017-01-01

Introduction: Emotional stimulus is processed automatically in a bottom-up way or can be processed voluntarily in a top-down way. Imaging studies have indicated that bottom-up and top-down processing are mediated through different neural systems. However, temporal differentiation of top-down versus bottom-up processing of facial emotional expressions has remained to be clarified. The present study aimed to explore the time course of these processes as indexed by the emotion-specific P100 and late positive potential (LPP) event-related potential (ERP) components in a group of healthy women. Methods: Fourteen female students of Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran aged 18–30 years, voluntarily participated in the study. The subjects completed 2 overt and covert emotional tasks during ERP acquisition. Results: The results indicated that fearful expressions significantly produced greater P100 amplitude compared to other expressions. Moreover, the P100 findings showed an interaction between emotion and processing conditions. Further analysis indicated that within the overt condition, fearful expressions elicited more P100 amplitude compared to other emotional expressions. Also, overt conditions created significantly more LPP latencies and amplitudes compared to covert conditions. Conclusion: Based on the results, early perceptual processing of fearful face expressions is enhanced in top-down way compared to bottom-up way. It also suggests that P100 may reflect an attentional bias toward fearful emotions. However, no such differentiation was observed within later processing stages of face expressions, as indexed by the ERP LPP component, in a top-down versus bottom-up way. Overall, this study provides a basis for further exploring of bottom-up and top-down processes underlying emotion and may be typically helpful for investigating the temporal characteristics associated with impaired emotional processing in psychiatric disorders. PMID:28446947

Cultural characteristics of "high" and "low" performing hospitals.

PubMed

Mannion, R; Davies, H T O; Marshall, M N

2005-01-01

To compare and contrast the cultural characteristics of "high" and "low" performing hospitals in the UK National Health Service (NHS). A multiple case study design incorporating a purposeful sample of "low" and "high" performing acute hospital Trusts, as assessed by the star performance rating system. These case studies suggest that "high" and "low" performing acute hospital organisations may be very different environments in which to work. Although each case possessed its own unique character, significant patternings were observed within cases grouped by performance to suggest considerable cultural divergence. The key points of divergence can be grouped under four main headings: leadership and management orientation; accountability and information systems; human resources policies; and relationships within the local health economy. As with any study, interpretation of findings should be tempered with a degree of caution because of methodological considerations. First, there are the limitations of case study which proceeds on the basis of theoretical rather than quantitative generalisation. Second, organisational culture was assessed by exploring the views of middle and senior managers. While one should in no way suggest that such an approach can capture all important cultural characteristics of organisations, it is believed that it may be at least partially justified, given the agenda-setting powers and influence of the senior management team. Finally "star" performance measures are far from a perfect measure of organisational performance. Despite such reservations, the findings indicate that organisational culture is associated in a variety of non-trivial ways with the measured performance of hospital organisations. Highlights considerable cultural divergence within UK NHS hospitals.

Engaging with science: High school students in summer lab internships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bequette, Marjorie Bullitt

Years of research and rhetoric have suggested that students should be given the opportunity to work with practicing scientists as a way to develop more sophisticated ideas about the nature of science, yet little research about these experiences exists. This project uses a case study approach to examine the experience of eight high school students working part-time during one summer as research assistants in biomedical laboratories. The students completed small research studies under the supervision of scientist-mentors. This dissertation explores questions related to how these students learned to work in a lab, in what ways they grew to understand this scientific context, and how their own relationships with science changed. The goal of looking at these young adults' summer experiences in science labs is to make suggestions for three settings: programs like this one, where high school students work closely with scientists in lab settings; other programs where scientists and students work together; and science education more generally. Analysis of pre- and post-interviews with students, and extensive observations of their laboratory work, suggests that students develop new ideas about the culture of science and the day-to-day workings of the labs. These ideas hold potential power for the students, and other participants in both similar and different educational settings, as they prepare for lives as scientifically engaged adults.

Towards an empirical ethics in care: relations with technologies in health care.

PubMed

Pols, Jeannette

2015-02-01

This paper describes the approach of empirical ethics, a form of ethics that integrates non-positivist ethnographic empirical research and philosophy. Empirical ethics as it is discussed here builds on the 'empirical turn' in epistemology. It radicalizes the relational approach that care ethics introduced to think about care between people by drawing in relations between people and technologies as things people relate to. Empirical ethics studies care practices by analysing their intra-normativity, or the ways of living together the actors within these practices strive for or bring about as good practices. Different from care ethics, what care is and if it is good is not defined beforehand. A care practice may be contested by comparing it to alternative practices with different notions of good care. By contrasting practices as different ways of living together that are normatively oriented, suggestions for the best possible care may be argued for. Whether these suggestions will actually be put to practice is, however, again a relational question; new actors need to re-localize suggestions, to make them work in new practices and fit them in with local intra-normativities with their particular routines, material infrastructures, know-how and strivings.

Microcredit and domestic violence in Bangladesh: an exploration of selection bias influences.

PubMed

Bajracharya, Ashish; Amin, Sajeda

2013-10-01

This article explores the relationship between women's participation in microcredit groups and domestic violence in Bangladesh. Several recent studies have raised concern about microcredit programs by reporting higher levels of violence among women who are members. These results, however, may be attributable to selection bias because members might differ from nonmembers in ways that make them more susceptible to violence to begin with. Using a sample of currently married women from the 2007 Bangladesh Demographic Health Survey (BDHS) (N = 4,195), we use propensity score matching (PSM) as a way of exploring selection bias in this relationship. Results suggest that the previously seen strong positive association between membership and violence does not hold when an appropriate comparison group, generated using PSM, is used in the analyses. Additional analyses also suggest that levels of violence do not differ significantly between members and nonmembers and instead could depend on context-specific factors related to poverty. Members for whom a match is not found report considerably higher levels of violence relative to nonmembers in the unmatched group. The background characteristics of members and nonmembers who do not match suggest that they are more likely to be younger and from relatively well-to-do households.

Brain responses to body image stimuli but not food are altered in women with bulimia nervosa

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Research into the neural correlates of bulimia nervosa (BN) psychopathology remains limited. Methods In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, 21 BN patients and 23 healthy controls (HCs) completed two paradigms: 1) processing of visual food stimuli and 2) comparing their own appearance with that of slim women. Participants also rated food craving and anxiety levels. Results Brain activation patterns in response to food cues did not differ between women with and without BN. However, when evaluating themselves against images of slim women, BN patients engaged the insula more and the fusiform gyrus less, compared to HCs, suggesting increased self-focus among women with BN whilst comparing themselves to a ‘slim ideal’. In these BN patients, exposure to food and body image stimuli increased self-reported levels of anxiety, but not craving. Conclusions Our findings suggest that women with BN differ from HCs in the way they process body image, but not in the way they process food stimuli. PMID:24238299

A cellular automaton for the signed particle formulation of quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sellier, J. M.; Kapanova, K. G.; Dimov, I.

2017-02-01

Recently, a new formulation of quantum mechanics, based on the concept of signed particles, has been suggested. In this paper, we introduce a cellular automaton which mimics the dynamics of quantum objects in the phase-space in a time-dependent fashion. This is twofold: it provides a simplified and accessible language to non-physicists who wants to simulate quantum mechanical systems, at the same time it enables a different way to explore the laws of Physics. Moreover, it opens the way towards hybrid simulations of quantum systems by combining full quantum models with cellular automata when the former fail. In order to show the validity of the suggested cellular automaton and its combination with the signed particle formalism, several numerical experiments are performed, showing very promising results. Being this article a preliminary study on quantum simulations in phase-space by means of cellular automata, some conclusions are drawn about the encouraging results obtained so far and the possible future developments.

Arginine side chain stacking with peptide plane stabilizes the protein helix conformation in a cooperative way.

PubMed

Wang, Jia; Chen, Jingfei; Li, Jingwen; An, Liaoyuan; Wang, Yefei; Huang, Qingshan; Yao, Lishan

2018-06-01

A combined experimental and computational study is performed for arginine side chain stacking with the protein α-helix. Theremostability measurements of Aristaless homeodomain, a helical protein, suggest that mutating the arginine residue R106, R137 or R141, which has the guanidino side chain stacking with the peptide plane, to alanine, destabilizes the protein. The R-PP stacking has an energy of ∼0.2-0.4 kcal/mol. This stacking interaction mainly comes from dispersion and electrostatics, based on MP2 calculations with the energy decomposition analysis. The calculations also suggest that the stacking stabilizes 2 backbone-backbone h-bonds (i→i-4 and i-3→i-7) in a cooperative way. Desolvation and electrostatic polarization are responsible for cooperativity with the i→i-4 and i-3→i-7 h-bonds, respectively. This cooperativity is supported by a protein α-helices h-bond survey in the pdb databank where stacking shortens the corresponding h-bond distances. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Checklists and Monitoring in the Cockpit: Why Crucial Defenses Sometimes Fail

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dismukes, R. Key; Berman, Ben

2010-01-01

Checklists and monitoring are two essential defenses against equipment failures and pilot errors. Problems with checklist use and pilots failures to monitor adequately have a long history in aviation accidents. This study was conducted to explore why checklists and monitoring sometimes fail to catch errors and equipment malfunctions as intended. Flight crew procedures were observed from the cockpit jumpseat during normal airline operations in order to: 1) collect data on monitoring and checklist use in cockpit operations in typical flight conditions; 2) provide a plausible cognitive account of why deviations from formal checklist and monitoring procedures sometimes occur; 3) lay a foundation for identifying ways to reduce vulnerability to inadvertent checklist and monitoring errors; 4) compare checklist and monitoring execution in normal flights with performance issues uncovered in accident investigations; and 5) suggest ways to improve the effectiveness of checklists and monitoring. Cognitive explanations for deviations from prescribed procedures are provided, along with suggestions for countermeasures for vulnerability to error.

Preliminary evidence that testosterone's association with aggression depends on self-construal.

PubMed

Welker, Keith M; Norman, Rachel E; Goetz, Stefan; Moreau, Benjamin J P; Kitayama, Shinobu; Carré, Justin M

2017-06-01

A contribution to a special issue on Hormones and Human Competition. Previous research and theory suggest testosterone is an important hormone for modulating aggression and self-regulation. We propose that self-construal, a culturally-relevant difference in how individuals define the self in relation to others, may be an important moderator of the relationship between testosterone and behaviors linked to aggression. Within two studies (Study 1 N=80; Study 2 N=237) and an integrated data analysis, we find evidence suggesting that acute testosterone changes in men are positively associated with aggressive behavior for those with more independent self-construals, whereas basal testosterone is negatively associated with aggression when individuals have more interdependent self-construals. Although preliminary, these findings suggest that self-construal moderates the association between testosterone and aggression, thereby paving the way toward future work examining the potential cultural moderation of the behavioral effects of testosterone. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Differential biological effects of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) between mouse (B16F10) and human melanoma (BLM) cell lines.

PubMed

Joshi, Kumud; Hassan, Sherif S; Ramaraj, Pandurangan

2017-01-01

Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) is a weak androgen and had been shown to have anti-cancer, anti-adipogenic and anti-inflammatory effects on mouse and other rodent models, but not on humans, suggesting a systemic level difference between mouse and human. Our previous study on DHEA biological functions involving a variety of cell lines, suggested that the functional differences between mouse and human existed even at the cellular level. Hence, using mouse and human melanoma cell models, in-vitro effects of DHEA on cell growth, mechanism of cell death and mechanism of DHEA action were studied. Results indicated a differential biological effects of DHEA between mouse and human melanoma cell lines. These in-vitro studies also suggested that the differential biological effects observed between these two cell lines could be due to the difference in the way DHEA was processed or metabolized inside the cell.

Not the last word: dissemination strategies for patient-centred research in nursing

PubMed Central

Hagan, Teresa L.; Schmidt, Karen; Ackison, Guyanna R.; Murphy, Megan; Jones, Jennifer R.

2017-01-01

Introduction Research results hold value for many stakeholders including researchers, patient populations, advocacy organizations, and community groups. The aim of this study is to describe our research team’s systematic process to designing a dissemination strategy for a completed research study. Methodology We organized a dissemination event to feed the results of our study to participants and stakeholders and collect feedback regarding our study. We applied the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s dissemination framework to guide the development of the event and collected participant feedback during the event. Results We describe our dissemination strategy along with attendees’ feedback and suggestions for our research as an example of a way to design a patient- and community-focused dissemination. We explain the details of our dissemination strategy including (a) our process of reporting a large research study into a stakeholder event, (b) stakeholder feedback collected at the event, and (c) the translation of feedback into our research team’s research. We also describe challenges encountered during the dissemination process and ways to handle issues such as logistics, funding, and staff. Conclusions This analysis provides key insights and practical advice for researchers looking for innovative ways to disseminate their findings within the lay and scientific communities. PMID:29081824

Here's How to Keep Your Music Program Humming.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormick, Kathleen

1985-01-01

Some school systems are finding practical ways to enhance music programs. Experts suggest ways for schools to (1) build a marketing plan, (2) make it easier for children to participate in the music program, (3) provide reinforcement, and (4) publicize the program. (MLF)

How Musical is the Principal; How Educational the Music Teacher?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tatarunis, Alphonse M.; Bessom, Malcolm E.

1975-01-01

The principal is probably more musical than he believes. At least that's the premise of the authors who suggest ways the school administrator can evaluate his musicality. They also recommend ways to determine how educational his music teachers are. (Editor)

Is There a Child with Epilepsy in the Classroom?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zakariasen, Hazel

1979-01-01

The condition is defined, and some of its manifestations are outlined, including petit mal epilepsy, psychomotor epilepsy, and grand mal epilepsy. Constructive ways to deal with epileptic students are suggested, including specific ways to handle a seizure, should one occur. (DLS)

5 Ways to Be More Active in Your Everyday Life

Cancer.gov

In addition to meeting the physical activity recommendations, research suggests that getting more activity is better. Another way to increase your physical activity (and decrease the amount of time you spend sitting) is to get moving more in your everyday life.

Recherche Empirique sur les Processes de reequilibrage de l'attention dans le traitement des problemes educatifs. (Empirical Study on the Process of Redirecting Attention in Educational Problem-Solving.)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wasserstein-Warnet, Marc M.

2000-01-01

Asserts that traditional strategies of problem-solving are inadequate and that a new method is needed. Suggests four ways to redirect attention in problem solving: overcoming an instant or linear perception of time, interacting between the problem's components and its whole, searching for the meaning or sense of a problem, and studying the…

"Un"complicated Technologies and Erstwhile Aids: How PowerPoint, the Internet, and Political Cartoons Can Elicit Engagement and Challenge Thinking in New Ways

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bickford, J. H., III

2010-01-01

This paper is based on three beliefs. First, technology can engage and challenge students' thinking. Second, technology can assist students in creating quality work. Finally, computer-generated student-work can be used as educational tools in productive ways that other student-work cannot. This article suggests new ways to use old technologies to…

What Determines Star Formation Rates?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, Neal John

2017-06-01

The relations between star formation and gas have received renewed attention. We combine studies on scales ranging from local (within 0.5 kpc) to distant galaxies to assess what factors contribute to star formation. These include studies of star forming regions in the Milky Way, the LMC, nearby galaxies with spatially resolved star formation, and integrated galaxy studies. We test whether total molecular gas or dense gas provides the best predictor of star formation rate. The star formation ``efficiency," defined as star formation rate divided by mass, spreads over a large range when the mass refers to molecular gas; the standard deviation of the log of the efficiency decreases by a factor of three when the mass of relatively dense molecular gas is used rather than the mass of all the molecular gas. We suggest ways to further develop the concept of "dense gas" to incorporate other factors, such as turbulence.

How to Study the City on Instagram

PubMed Central

Uitermark, Justus

2016-01-01

We introduce Instagram as a data source for use by scholars in urban studies and neighboring disciplines and propose ways to operationalize key concepts in the study of cities. These data can help shed light on segregation, the formation of subcultures, strategies of distinction, and status hierarchies in the city. Drawing on two datasets of geotagged Instagram posts from Amsterdam and Copenhagen collected over a twelve-week period, we present a proof of concept for how to explore and visualize sociospatial patterns and divisions in these two cities. We take advantage of both the social and the geographic aspects of the data, using network analysis to identify distinct groups of users and metrics of unevenness and diversity to identify socio-spatial divisions. We also discuss some of the limitations of these data and methods and suggest ways in which they can complement established quantitative and qualitative approaches in urban scholarship. PMID:27336728

How to Study the City on Instagram.

PubMed

Boy, John D; Uitermark, Justus

2016-01-01

We introduce Instagram as a data source for use by scholars in urban studies and neighboring disciplines and propose ways to operationalize key concepts in the study of cities. These data can help shed light on segregation, the formation of subcultures, strategies of distinction, and status hierarchies in the city. Drawing on two datasets of geotagged Instagram posts from Amsterdam and Copenhagen collected over a twelve-week period, we present a proof of concept for how to explore and visualize sociospatial patterns and divisions in these two cities. We take advantage of both the social and the geographic aspects of the data, using network analysis to identify distinct groups of users and metrics of unevenness and diversity to identify socio-spatial divisions. We also discuss some of the limitations of these data and methods and suggest ways in which they can complement established quantitative and qualitative approaches in urban scholarship.

Bridging communication between public and government: a case study on kim surabaya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aji, G. G.; Tsuroyya; Dewi, P. A. R.

2018-01-01

In democratic era, the public communication paradigm has shifted from a one-way socialization to more interactive one. As a consequence of freedom of speech, the public can Actively communicate with the government and vice versa. The problem is government is almost impossible to reach all public groups. Therefore, they has created the concept of social institutions as a communication hub between the government and its public, named the Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM). This research examines the activity of KIM in Surabaya on bridging public between government and the public. Using a case study approach, this research utilized various techniques of data collection such as: interviews, observation, and documentation. The results Showed that KIM plays a role in the two-way flow of information; to diseminate program and submit complaints and suggestions from the public about the policy. This study confirm the urgency of utilization on various channels in communicating with the public.

Multimodality: a way to cope with road traffic noise? The case of European treefrog (Hyla arborea).

PubMed

Troïanowski, Mathieu; Melot, Geoffrey; Lengagne, Thierry

2014-09-01

In the last decades, traffic noise has become a new challenge for efficient animal communication and several studies suggest that it is involved in population declines. Although poorly investigated in a traffic noise context, communication is generally multimodal, which can be viewed as a way to improve communication efficiency by allowing shift from a sensory modality to another when one modality suffers from noise. In the present study, we investigated multimodal shift in the European treefrog (Hyla arborea), a species using both acoustic and visual cues during male quality assessment task performed by females. Females were used in a discrimination task in two environmental conditions: with or without traffic noise. In traffic noise conditions, we showed that females' reliance on acoustic signal embedded in noise pollution did not decrease in favour of visual signals, therefore showing that females do not shift between modalities in response to traffic noise. Although, we did not evidence multimodal shift in our study, many species facing traffic noise present multimodal communication, and should be investigated to evaluate the importance of multimodal shift as a way to cope with traffic noise pollution. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The biological basis of a universal constraint on color naming: cone contrasts and the two-way categorization of colors.

PubMed

Xiao, Youping; Kavanau, Christopher; Bertin, Lauren; Kaplan, Ehud

2011-01-01

Many studies have provided evidence for the existence of universal constraints on color categorization or naming in various languages, but the biological basis of these constraints is unknown. A recent study of the pattern of color categorization across numerous languages has suggested that these patterns tend to avoid straddling a region in color space at or near the border between the English composite categories of "warm" and "cool". This fault line in color space represents a fundamental constraint on color naming. Here we report that the two-way categorization along the fault line is correlated with the sign of the L- versus M-cone contrast of a stimulus color. Moreover, we found that the sign of the L-M cone contrast also accounted for the two-way clustering of the spatially distributed neural responses in small regions of the macaque primary visual cortex, visualized with optical imaging. These small regions correspond to the hue maps, where our previous study found a spatially organized representation of stimulus hue. Altogether, these results establish a direct link between a universal constraint on color naming and the cone-specific information that is represented in the primate early visual system.

Suburban queer: reading Grease.

PubMed

Borgstrom, Michael

2011-01-01

This article examines how nontraditional representations of gender can complicate received social norms, and it examines, in particular, how pre-adolescent suburban youth reconfigure social codes within popular film in order to identify positive queer aesthetics. While several studies have documented the function of classic and mainstream film in the tradition of queer reading, there has been comparatively less analysis devoted to the ways that filmic representations themselves might contribute to theoretical debates regarding sexual identity. As a case in point, this essay analyzes the 1978 musical Grease in order to suggest ways that critics might navigate between strict social constructionist and essentialist theories of sexual identity in order to identify avenues for queer identification within non-queer contexts.

Exploring the representation of health in videogames: a content analysis.

PubMed

Brooksby, Alan

2008-12-01

Early qualitative work has suggested that videogame players see the concept of health as an important part of the gaming interface, but the way health is shown in games is commonly considered to be simplistic. The aim of this study is to explore further ways in which the concept of health is represented in videogames beyond its most common usage in the interface. Ten videogames were analyzed for content in mobility, ability, psychology, social, and pain dimensions by coding 15 minutes of videotaped play. Pain was the category that was overwhelmingly represented in this sample, with the social category the second most common. Further work is needed to explore the impact on play experience.

Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars: CEMP-s and CEMP-no subclasses in the halo system of the Milky Way

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carollo, Daniela; Freeman, Ken; Beers, Timothy C.

2014-06-20

We explore the kinematics and orbital properties of a sample of 323 very metal-poor stars in the halo system of the Milky Way, selected from the high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up studies of Aoki et al. and Yong et al. The combined sample contains a significant fraction of carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP) stars (22% or 29%, depending on whether a strict or relaxed criterion is applied for this definition). Barium abundances (or upper limits) are available for the great majority of the CEMP stars, allowing for their separation into the CEMP-s and CEMP-no subclasses. A new method to assign membership to the inner-more » and outer-halo populations of the Milky Way is developed, making use of the integrals of motion, and applied to determine the relative fractions of CEMP stars in these two subclasses for each halo component. Although limited by small-number statistics, the data suggest that the inner halo of the Milky Way exhibits a somewhat higher relative number of CEMP-s stars than CEMP-no stars (57% versus 43%), while the outer halo possesses a clearly higher fraction of CEMP-no stars than CEMP-s stars (70% versus 30%). Although larger samples of CEMP stars with known Ba abundances are required, this result suggests that the dominant progenitors of CEMP stars in the two halo components were different; massive stars for the outer halo, and intermediate-mass stars in the case of the inner halo.« less

The symbolic economy of drugs.

PubMed

Lentacker, Antoine

2016-02-01

This essay reviews four recent studies representing a new direction in the history of pharmaceuticals and pharmaceutical science. To this end, it introduces the notion of a symbolic economy of drugs, defined as the production, circulation, and reception of signs that convey information about drugs and establish trust in them. Each of the studies under review focuses on one key signifier in this symbolic economy, namely the brand, the patent, the clinical trial, and the drug itself. Drawing on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the economy of symbolic goods, I conceptualize these signifiers as symbolic assets, that is, as instruments of communication and credit, delivering knowledge, carrying value, and producing authority. The notion of a symbolic economy is offered with a threefold intention. First, I introduce it in order to highlight the implications of historical and anthropological work for a broader theory of the economy of drugs, thus suggesting a language for interdisciplinary conversations in the study of pharmaceuticals. Second, I deploy it in an attempt to emphasize the contributions of the recent scholarship on drugs to a critical understanding of our own contemporary ways of organizing access to drugs and information about drugs. Finally, I suggest ways in which it might be of use to scholars of other commodities and technologies.

Allied restorative functions training in Minnesota: a case study.

PubMed

Cooper, Brigette R; Monson, Angela L

2007-03-01

In 2003, the Minnesota Dental Practice Act was modified to allow dental hygienists and assistants to place amalgam, composite, glass ionomer, and stainless steel crowns. The concept of utilizing allied professionals to perform expanded functions has been suggested as a way to increase access to care and productivity. A continuing education course was offered to provide required certification for interested dental practitioners (N=12). The objectives of this study were to examine confidence levels and effectiveness of the continuing education program. Pre- and post-course restorative content knowledge, along with confidence levels in knowledge, technical skills, and the ability to implement skills were measured. A matched pairs t-test found a significant increase in participants' restorative content knowledge (p<.001). Wilcoxen signed rank tests revealed an increase in confidence in all content knowledge (p<.01) and technical skill (p<.05) categories. Participants did not significantly increase in confidence to implement restorative functions skills into practice (p<.7). Interview data revealed that participants remain unclear about ways to incorporate restorative functions into the schedule. Findings in this case study suggest that content knowledge and confidence levels increase following completion of a restorative functions course. To improve education and training, research is needed to identify why participants' confidence in implementation did not increase.

Comparison of Historic Exploration with Contemporary Space Policy Suggests a Retheorisation of Settings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cokely, J.; Rankin, W.; Heinrich, P.; McAuliffe, M.

The 2008 NASA Astrobiology Roadmap provides one way of theorising this developing field, a way which has become the normative model for the discipline: science-and scholarship-driven funding for space. By contrast, a novel re-evaluation of funding policies is undertaken in this article to reframe astrobiology, terraforming and associated space travel and research. Textual visualisation, discourse and numeric analytical methods, and value theory are applied to historical data and contemporary sources to re-investigate significant drivers and constraints on the mechanisms of enabling space exploration. Two data sets are identified and compared: the business objectives and outcomes of major 15th-17th century European joint-stock exploration and trading companies and a case study of a current space industry entrepreneur company. Comparison of these analyses suggests that viable funding policy drivers can exist outside the normative science and scholarship-driven roadmap. The two drivers identified in this study are (1) the intrinsic value of space as a territory to be experienced and enjoyed, not just studied, and (2) the instrumental, commercial value of exploiting these experiences by developing infrastructure and retail revenues. Filtering of these results also offers an investment rationale for companies operating in, or about to enter, the space business marketplace.

Using National Surveys To Improve the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Broad-Based Program Evaluations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Sheldon B.; Boser, Judith A.

The suggestions offered in this paper are based on the experiences of two scientific researchers of how evaluations undertaken in a competitive arena, in which true experimental designs are not viable, can be designed in such a way that meaningful comparative data can be examined. Case studies of the Science and Engineering Research Semester and…

Young Women's Perceptions of and Attitudes towards Mental Health and Mental Illness: A Qualitative Interview Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McQuoid, Courtney

2010-01-01

Late adolescents face a multitude of stressors in their daily lives and must find ways to weather this distress. The attitudes and beliefs late adolescents hold about seeking formal help when appropriate can influence their engagement in formal help seeking behaviors. Previous research suggests that adolescents' willingness to seek help for mental…

Media Systems and Their Effects on Women's Sport Participation in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsai, Chiung-Tzu Lucetta

2009-01-01

This study has attempted to explore media influences on social and cultural change, in particular the impact of the media on individuals and groups' practice of exercise. It suggests that the media has been in some way successful in gaining male support and has eliminated some gender hostilities, resulting in a little change to the status quo of…

The Role of Interactions between Student and Classroom Context in Developing Adaptive Self-Efficacy in One Sixth-Grade Mathematics Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yetkin Ozdemir, I. Elif; Pape, Stephen J.

2013-01-01

Research and theory suggest several instructional practices that could enhance student self-efficacy. However, little is known about the ways these instructional practices interact with individual students to create opportunities or challenges for developing adaptive self-efficacy. In this study, we focused on two sources of efficacy, mastery…

American History Time Lines. Grades 4-8. Big, Reproducible, Easy-To-Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckley, Susan Washburn

This resource is designed to enhance learning about topics in United States history. The reproducible time lines are easy to use and is designed to encourage students to research other dates and events of the era under study. Suggestions are given for classroom use. The introduction has instructional subjects, such as: "12 Great Ways To Use…

Scholars in an Increasingly Open and Digital World: Imagined Audiences and Their Impact on Scholars' Online Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veletsianos, George; Shaw, Ashley

2018-01-01

This study investigates the audiences that scholars imagine encountering online and the ways in which these audiences impact scholars' online participation and presentation of self. Prior research suggests that imagined audiences affect what users share and how they present themselves on social media, but little research has examined this topic in…

General Systems Theory, Systems Analysis, and Regional Planning: An Introductory Bibliography. Exchange Bibliography No. 164.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Hugh E.

This bibliography suggests a number of introductory readings that will enable regional and urban planners to understand the systems approach. The main focus of the research study that gave rise to this review of the literature was on establishing ways in which decisionmakers in regional planning could be helped in making their choices. The…

Pizza Parties, Pep Rallies, and Practice Tests: Strategies Used by High School Principals to Raise Percent Proficient

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollingworth, Liz; Dude, David J.; Shepherd, Julie K.

2010-01-01

This study explores ways high school principals are responding to the demands of education reform to raise student test scores on achievement tests used for accountability purposes. Anecdotal evidence suggests administrators have instituted pizza parties and pep rallies to motivate students to do their best and practice tests to prepare students…

Learning to Be Reflective Leaders: A Case Study from the NCCHC Hispanic Leadership Fellows Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Leila Gonzalez; Wiessner, Colleen Aalsburg

2010-01-01

In the constantly changing environment of today's community college, the practice of reflection may be of great value to new generations of leaders. How, then, do emerging leaders, and even seasoned ones, develop a disposition for and habit of reflection? This article suggests ways to do just that. Emerging leaders of community colleges are very…

Incremental Lexical Learning in Speech Production: A Computational Model and Empirical Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oppenheim, Gary Michael

2011-01-01

Naming a picture of a dog primes the subsequent naming of a picture of a dog (repetition priming) and interferes with the subsequent naming of a picture of a cat (semantic interference). Behavioral studies suggest that these effects derive from persistent changes in the way that words are activated and selected for production, and some have…

Peirce on Education: Discussion of Peirce's Definition of a University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thayer-Bacon, Barbara

2005-01-01

I write this short essay in response to Peirce, as a feminist, pragmatist, and cultural studies scholar, in the hope that it will help to bring feminism and pragmatism together. I suggest that Peirce offers marginalized and colonized people a way to argue for the importance of their input, with his theory of fallibilism, even if he still claims a…

Balancing the Equation. A Study of Women and Science and Technology within Further Education. Project Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoney, Sheila M.; Reid, Margaret I.

A 1-year project was conducted to explore ways and suggest possible strategies by which Further Education staff in Great Britain can help improve women's participation, progress, and attainment in physical science and technology, particularly at technician and craft levels. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey of heads of science and…

Which Terms Should Be Used to Describe Autism? Perspectives from the UK Autism Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenny, Lorcan; Hattersley, Caroline; Molins, Bonnie; Buckley, Carole; Povey, Carol; Pellicano, Elizabeth

2016-01-01

Recent public discussions suggest that there is much disagreement about the way autism is and should be described. This study sought to elicit the views and preferences of UK autism community members--autistic people, parents and their broader support network--about the terms they use to describe autism. In all, 3470 UK residents responded to an…

The Development of an Instrument to Evaluate Teachers' Concepts about Nature of Mathematical Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kean, Lesa L. Conditt

2012-01-01

While there does seem to be widespread consensus that teachers' beliefs and concepts influence the way they teach, even the most recent international studies suggest that research-based evidence for this consensus is limited. In an effort to enlarge and enhance the pool of evidence that shows specific relationships between teacher beliefs and…

A case study for retaining nuclear power experience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beckjord, E.S.

1996-12-31

Nuclear engineering departments at U.S. universities are rethinking curricula to focus on essentials. Prospective engineers must know nuclear engineering disciplines, but knowing how their engineering forebears solved important problems will empower them even more by learning some history along with engineering. I suggest a way to retain experience, giving an example: the emergency core cooling system (ECCS) controversy and resolution.

Talk about Talk with Young Children: Pragmatic Socialization in Two Communities in Norway and the US

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aukrust, Vibeke Grover

2004-01-01

Recent studies have suggested that cultures vary in subtle ways in the talk about talk that children hear and learn to produce. Twenty-two three-year-old children and their families in respectively Oslo, Norway and Cambridge, Massachusetts were observed during mealtime with the aim of identifying talk-focused talk. The analysis distinguished talk…

Timeliness and Delay in the Cook County Juvenile Court Child Protection Division. Discussion Paper CS-45.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Merry, Sheila M.; Peters, Clark M.; Goerge, Robert M.; Osuch, Ruth; Minor, Maria; Budde, Stephen

This study suggests that court procedures in Illinois must improve to assure that more children are placed in permanent homes in a timely way. The University of Chicago's Chapin Hall Center for Children examined the timeliness of the Circuit Court of Cook County, Illinois' Child Protection Division in completing the sequence of hearings and…

The Complete Guide to Film Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poteet, G. Howard, Ed.

The purpose of this book is to help students and teachers learn how to explore the art form of film and to help them understand it. Ways of exploring films are suggested in articles such as "Film as Dramatic Literature," and "The New Audience: From Andy Hardy to Arle Guthrie." The book is divided into chapters based on use in the classroom; among…

"Employability" through Curriculum Innovation and Skills Development: A Portuguese Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Oliveira, Eva Dias; Guimaraes, Isabel de Castro

2010-01-01

Over 50% of Portuguese graduates are out of work for more than six months after leaving university, against the OECD average of 42%. This suggests that universities need to do more to improve graduates' chances on the labour market and, in many ways, the Bologna reform provided European Union universities with an opportunity to tackle this issue.…

Is It God or Just the Data that Moves in Mysterious Ways? How Well-Being Research May Be Mistaking Faith for Virtue

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schuurmans-Stekhoven, James Benjamin

2011-01-01

Opinion is mixed regarding the link between spiritual faith-based beliefs (SFBBs) and psychological well-being--however, most published field studies suggest a positive link. Controlled experiments demonstrate that spirituality promotes social cohesion and deters excessive self-interested behaviour. Yet past research has largely overlooked virtues…

Does Training in How to Regulate One's Learning Affect How Students Report Self-Regulated Learning in Diary Tasks?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Costa Ferreira, P.; Veiga Simão, A. M.; Lopes da Silva, A.

2015-01-01

The processes and perceptions of students' self-regulated learning are not easily measured. Thus, research has presented and suggested numerous ways in which these processes and perceptions of self-regulated learning can be investigated and assessed. Accordingly, this study aims to assess whether training in how to regulate one's learning is…

Two Giants: China and India. Teacher's Guide to World Resources Comprehensive Coursework on the Global Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snyder, Sarah A.

This teacher's guide presents teaching suggestions and presentation materials about the challenges faced by China and India as they work to sustain their population and ways of life without exhausting the environmental resources each has. The materials may be used as a unit on either nation or integrated into existing units of study. Student…

The Nature of Arguments Provided by College Geometry Students with Access to Technology while Solving Problems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollebrands, Karen F.; Conner, AnnaMarie; Smith, Ryan C.

2010-01-01

Prior research on students' uses of technology in the context of Euclidean geometry has suggested that it can be used to support students' development of formal justifications and proofs. This study examined the ways in which students used a dynamic geometry tool, NonEuclid, as they constructed arguments about geometric objects and relationships…

Global Visions. Teaching Suggestions and Activity Masters for Unit 3: Economic Freedom: Who's Got It, Who Doesn't.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Procter and Gamble Educational Services, Cincinnati, OH.

This is a classroom-ready program that examines the worldwide push for economic freedom as a way of helping students understand its relationship to economic growth. This program is designed to supplement social studies courses in economics, government, U.S. and world history, world cultures, and geography. The unit contains a newsletter for…

Including Disabled Children in Learning: Challenges in Developing Countries. CREATE Pathways to Access. Research Monograph No. 36

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Croft, Alison

2010-01-01

This is an exploratory study suggesting ways of analysing challenges for developing countries in the move to greater inclusion of disabled children and young people in learning. The paper focuses on pedagogical challenges to realising more inclusive education. Pedagogy encompasses not only the practice of teaching and learning, but also the ideas…

Academics in a New Work Environment: The Impact of New Public Management on Work Conditions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santiago, Rui; Carvalho, Teresa

2008-01-01

New public management (NPM) approaches have informed policy in the public sector in advanced countries in the last decade. Some authors suggest that the main objective of NPM at the organisational level is to change the traditional way professionals are regulated. This study examines the impact of NPM on the working conditions of Portuguese higher…

Teaching Basic Science Environmentally, The Concept: The cell is basic unit of structure of most organisms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busch, Phyllis S.

1985-01-01

Suggests simple ways to introduce students to the concept that the cell is the basic unit of structure of most organisms. Mentions materials for microscope study that are readily available and easy to handle, e.g., membranes from between the scales of the onion bulb, thin-leaved plants, pond water, and pollen. (JHZ)

450 More Story Stretchers for the Primary Grades: Activities To Expand Children's Favorite Books.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raines, Shirley C.

This book emphasizes the reading process by suggesting effective ways to read with children, to engage children as thinkers, and to model the processes of studying a text. The book's "story stretchers" are a means to extend children's enthusiasm for stories and to better connect children's books and teaching ideas with other areas of the…

Parkour as Health Promotion in Schools: A Qualitative Study on Health Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grabowski, Dan; Thomsen, Signe Dalsgaard

2017-01-01

In the present paper, we highlight the potential role of parkour in school-based health promotion. In a school setting, it is often difficult to promote health and healthy behaviour in ways that make sense and appeal to pupils. Research suggests that initiatives incorporating a focus on identity and on presenting health in new and different ways…

The Effects of an Ergogenic Aid on Golf Swing Consistency and Skill.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, John O.; Beitel, Patricia A.

Golf experts suggest that a performer should attempt to swing the same way during each shot, changing clubs to alter the flight trajectory and distance of the ball. This study sought to determine if there was a difference in the development of golf skill and swing consistency between a control group and an experimental group using an ergogenic…

The Single-Item Math Anxiety Scale: An Alternative Way of Measuring Mathematical Anxiety

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Núñez-Peña, M. Isabel; Guilera, Georgina; Suárez-Pellicioni, Macarena

2014-01-01

This study examined whether the Single-Item Math Anxiety Scale (SIMA), based on the item suggested by Ashcraft, provided valid and reliable scores of mathematical anxiety. A large sample of university students (n = 279) was administered the SIMA and the 25-item Shortened Math Anxiety Rating Scale (sMARS) to evaluate the relation between the scores…

Contemplative Studies: Prospects for a New Field

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roth, Harold D.

2006-01-01

We have reached a moment in history when it is time to reenvision certain basic aspects of the existing models of teaching and research in higher education in order to foster a deeper knowledge of the nature of our existence as human beings in a world that is intricately interrelated on many levels. This article suggests that one way to accomplish…

The Role of "Pathos" in the Decision-Making Process: A Study in the Rhetoric of Science Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waddell, Craig

1990-01-01

Explores the ways in which nonscientists inform themselves and make decisions about complex and technological controversies. Explores the prejudice against emotion in a 1976-77 case before the Cambridge Experimentation Review Board. Suggests that, in spite of some cultural bias against pathos, emotional appeals play a vital role in the shaping of…

Evaluation of moisture reduction in small diameter trees after crushing

Treesearch

Donald L. Sirois; Cynthia L. Rawlins; Bryce J. Stokes

1991-01-01

Past studies have suggested that processing small diameter whole trees like those foumd on rights-of-way (ROWs) would help reduce transportion costs and increase energy value by lowering stem moisture content. Small stems were crushed by a roller crusher/splitter test bench machine and allowed dry under field conditions in Alabama. Tests were conducted in winter and...

What Lies beneath Seemingly Positive Campus Climate Results: Institutional Sexism, Racism, and Male Hostility toward Equity Initiatives and Liberal Bias

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaccaro, Annemarie

2010-01-01

This article presents qualitative results from a campus climate study at one predominately white university. Data analysis uncovered "what lies beneath" a seemingly positive campus climate. Gender differences in survey responses suggest that men and women experienced the climate in vastly different ways. Additionally, lack of deep diversity…

Male Cross-Dressers in Therapy: A Solution-Focused Perspective for Marriage and Family Therapists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dzelme, Kristina; Jones, Rene A.

2001-01-01

Offers techniques on how to work with male cross-dressers using solution focused therapy. Solution focused therapy is discussed as a way to work with male cross dressers and their partners. A case study of a male cross dresser and his wife is presented and possible directions are suggested for marriage and family therapists. (BF)

Exile, Sanctuary and Diaspora: Mediations between Higher Education and Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McArthur, Jan

2011-01-01

This paper is premised on a commitment to higher education's role in contributing to greater social justice. The goals, values and practices of higher education and those of society are therefore regarded as, ideally, intertwined. To this end I want to suggest a way of thinking about what it means to study, teach or research in higher education…

From Survivor to Thriver: A Pilot Study of an Online Program for Rape Victims

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Littleton, Heather; Buck, Katherine; Rosman, Lindsey; Grills-Taquechel, Amie

2012-01-01

Approximately 15% to 20% of women have been victims of rape and close to a third report current rape-related PTSD or clinically significant depression or anxiety. Unfortunately, very few distressed rape victims seek formal help. This suggests a need to develop alternative ways to assist the many distressed victims of sexual violence. Online…

The YouTube Effect: How YouTube Has Provided New Ways to Consume, Create, and Share Music

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cayari, Christopher

2011-01-01

This case study about a teenage musician, Wade Johnston, suggests how YouTube has affected music consumption, creation, and sharing. A literature review connects education, technology, and media. Informal learning, digital literacy, and twenty-first century technology are also connected in the review. Data reveals how Wade started his channel,…

Exploring Action Learning for Academic Development in Research Intensive Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stocks, Claire; Trevitt, Chris; Hughes, Joseph

2018-01-01

The potential of action learning (AL) for academic development has not received a lot of attention. Building from two case studies in which AL has been used in different ways in research-intensive universities in Australia and the UK, we suggest that the approach may be of benefit to developers in the changing landscape in which they are expected…

Income Inequality and the Online Reading Gap: Teaching Our Way to Success With Online Research and Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leu, Donald J.; Forzani, Elena; Kennedy, Clint

2015-01-01

A recent study in "Reading Research Quarterly" provided evidence that an online reading achievement gap, based on income inequality, exists that is separate and independent from the well-known achievement gap in offline reading. This column briefly reviews the evidence and provides an initial set of instructional suggestions that may be…

From Passive Assimilation to Active Integration: The Adaptation of Rural College Students to Cities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xiulan, Yu

2015-01-01

The process of rural college students' adapting to cities is essentially a process of cultural assimilation of rural students into urban culture. The findings of this study suggest the following: 1) Faced with completely different ways of living and cultural customs, on the whole rural college students want to assimilate into cities and become…

Bereavement Support in an Acute Hospital: An Irish Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walsh, Trish; Foreman, Maeve; Curry, Philip; O'Driscoll, Siobhan; McCormack, Martin

2008-01-01

In the first Irish study to examine a hospital-based bereavement care program, 1 year's cohort of bereaved people was surveyed. A response rate of over 40% provided 339 completed questionnaires from bereaved next-of-kin. The findings suggest that a tiered pyramid model of bereavement care (the Beaumont model) may be functional in a number of ways.…

Visual Display Study: National 4-H Center. A 4-H Intern Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farwell, Sanford W.

An internship report cites ways in which the National 4-H Center could be more effective in a visual sense. The author suggests collecting the memorabilia already at the Center to form an historical museum and coordinating the historical items with present items. Impact areas, those with a lot of traffic, are discussed individually in terms of…

Barriers to Employment as Experienced by Disabled People: A Qualitative Analysis in Calgary and Regina, Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shier, Michael; Graham, John R.; Jones, Marion E.

2009-01-01

Public policies stress greater inclusion of disabled people in the labour market and suggest ways to implement accommodative measures to these ends. Often missing from this literature is the experiences of disabled people in labour markets. This article reports results from a qualitative study conducted in 2005 and 2006 consisting of one-to-one…

Cultural (De)Coding and Racial Identity among Women of the African Diaspora in U.S. Adult Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murray-Johnson, Kayon K.

2013-01-01

Over time, research has suggested there are sometimes tensions arising from differences in the way African Americans and Black Caribbean immigrants in the United States perceive each other as part of the African diaspora. In this autoethnographic study, I explore personal experiences with cross-cultural misperceptions between Black female students…

Toward a Generalizable Understanding of Twitter and Social Media Use across MOOCs: Who Participates on MOOC Hashtags and in What Ways?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Veletsianos, George

2017-01-01

Researchers have proposed that social media provide complementary learning environments for Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) that might engender participation, engagement, and peer-support. Although suggestive, nearly all of the research in this area consists of case studies, making it challenging to determine whether or to what extent findings…

The Workplace Learning Cycle: A Problem-Based Curriculum Model for the Preparation of Workplace Learning Professionals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Bridget N.

2004-01-01

Building on the conceptual foundations suggested in the previous two papers in this issue, this article describes the application of a workplace learning cycle theory to the construction of a curriculum for a graduate-level course of study in workplace education. As a way to prepare chief learning officers and heads of corporate universities, the…

Motivational Factors of Pay-for-Performance Plans in Educational Institutions: A Study of Select Private, Faith-Based Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wrobbel, Paul H.

2009-01-01

In the United States there is considerable focus on the need for continuous improvement in the quality of schools, including student achievement and teacher performance. Performance-based pay has been repeatedly suggested as a way to improve teaching in school systems. Therefore, a more thorough understanding of the differences in the perceptions…

State of the art on targeted memory reactivation: Sleep your way to enhanced cognition.

PubMed

Schouten, Daphne I; Pereira, Sofia I R; Tops, Mattie; Louzada, Fernando M

2017-04-01

Targeted memory reactivation is a fairly simple technique that has the potential to influence the course of memory formation through application of cues during sleep. Studies have shown that cueing memory during sleep can lead to either an enhanced or decreased representation of the information encoded in the targeted networks, depending on experimental variations. The effects have been associated with sleep parameters and accompanied by activation of memory related brain areas. The findings suggest a causal role of neuronal replay in memory consolidation and provide evidence for the active system consolidation hypothesis. However, the observed inconsistencies across studies suggest that further research is warranted regarding the underlying neural mechanisms and optimal conditions for the application of targeted memory reactivation. The goal of the present review is to integrate the currently available experimental data and to provide an overview of this technique's limitations and pitfalls, as well as its potential applications in everyday use and clinical treatment. Exploring the open questions herein identified should lead to insight into safer and more effective ways of adjusting memory representations to better suit individual needs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Expressive intent, ambiguity, and aesthetic experiences of music and poetry

PubMed Central

Margulis, Elizabeth Hellmuth; Levine, William H.; Simchy-Gross, Rhimmon; Kroger, Carolyn

2017-01-01

A growing number of studies are investigating the way that aesthetic experiences are generated across different media. Empathy with a perceived human artist has been suggested as a common mechanism [1]. In this study, people heard 30 s excerpts of ambiguous music and poetry preceded by neutral, positively valenced, or negatively valenced information about the composer's or author’s intent. The information influenced their perception of the excerpts—excerpts paired with positive intent information were perceived as happier and excerpts paired with negative intent information were perceived as sadder (although across intent conditions, musical excerpts were perceived as happier than poetry excerpts). Moreover, the information modulated the aesthetic experience of the excerpts in different ways for the different excerpt types: positive intent information increased enjoyment and the degree to which people found the musical excerpts to be moving, but negative intent information increased these qualities for poetry. Additionally, positive intent information was judged to better match musical excerpts and negative intent information to better match poetic excerpts. These results suggest that empathy with a perceived human artist is indeed an important shared factor across experiences of music and poetry, but that other mechanisms distinguish the generation of aesthetic appreciation between these two media. PMID:28746376

Expressive intent, ambiguity, and aesthetic experiences of music and poetry.

PubMed

Margulis, Elizabeth Hellmuth; Levine, William H; Simchy-Gross, Rhimmon; Kroger, Carolyn

2017-01-01

A growing number of studies are investigating the way that aesthetic experiences are generated across different media. Empathy with a perceived human artist has been suggested as a common mechanism [1]. In this study, people heard 30 s excerpts of ambiguous music and poetry preceded by neutral, positively valenced, or negatively valenced information about the composer's or author's intent. The information influenced their perception of the excerpts-excerpts paired with positive intent information were perceived as happier and excerpts paired with negative intent information were perceived as sadder (although across intent conditions, musical excerpts were perceived as happier than poetry excerpts). Moreover, the information modulated the aesthetic experience of the excerpts in different ways for the different excerpt types: positive intent information increased enjoyment and the degree to which people found the musical excerpts to be moving, but negative intent information increased these qualities for poetry. Additionally, positive intent information was judged to better match musical excerpts and negative intent information to better match poetic excerpts. These results suggest that empathy with a perceived human artist is indeed an important shared factor across experiences of music and poetry, but that other mechanisms distinguish the generation of aesthetic appreciation between these two media.

Adjusted regression trend test for a multicenter clinical trial.

PubMed

Quan, H; Capizzi, T

1999-06-01

Studies using a series of increasing doses of a compound, including a zero dose control, are often conducted to study the effect of the compound on the response of interest. For a one-way design, Tukey et al. (1985, Biometrics 41, 295-301) suggested assessing trend by examining the slopes of regression lines under arithmetic, ordinal, and arithmetic-logarithmic dose scalings. They reported the smallest p-value for the three significance tests on the three slopes for safety assessments. Capizzi et al. (1992, Biometrical Journal 34, 275-289) suggested an adjusted trend test, which adjusts the p-value using a trivariate t-distribution, the joint distribution of the three slope estimators. In this paper, we propose an adjusted regression trend test suitable for two-way designs, particularly for multicenter clinical trials. In a step-down fashion, the proposed trend test can be applied to a multicenter clinical trial to compare each dose with the control. This sequential procedure is a closed testing procedure for a trend alternative. Therefore, it adjusts p-values and maintains experimentwise error rate. Simulation results show that the step-down trend test is overall more powerful than a step-down least significant difference test.

Do rats use shape to solve “shape discriminations”?

PubMed Central

Minini, Loredana; Jeffery, Kathryn J.

2006-01-01

Visual discrimination tasks are increasingly used to explore the neurobiology of vision in rodents, but it remains unclear how the animals solve these tasks: Do they process shapes holistically, or by using low-level features such as luminance and angle acuity? In the present study we found that when discriminating triangles from squares, rats did not use shape but instead relied on local luminance differences in the lower hemifield. A second experiment prevented this strategy by using stimuli—squares and rectangles—that varied in size and location, and for which the only constant predictor of reward was aspect ratio (ratio of height to width: a simple descriptor of “shape”). Rats eventually learned to use aspect ratio but only when no other discriminand was available, and performance remained very poor even at asymptote. These results suggest that although rats can process both dimensions simultaneously, they do not naturally solve shape discrimination tasks this way. This may reflect either a failure to visually process global shape information or a failure to discover shape as the discriminative stimulus in a simultaneous discrimination. Either way, our results suggest that simultaneous shape discrimination is not a good task for studies of visual perception in rodents. PMID:16705141

Leaching of vanadium from waste V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst catalyzed by functional microorganisms.

PubMed

Wang, Shuhua; Xie, Yaling; Yan, Weifu; Wu, Xuee; Wang, Chin-Tsan; Zhao, Feng

2018-05-22

Solid wastes are currently produced in large amounts. Although bioleaching of metals from solid wastes is an economical and sustainable technology, it has seldom been used to recycle metals from abandoned catalyst. In this study, the bioleaching of vanadium from V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst were comprehensively investigated through five methods: Oligotrophic way, Eutrophic way, S-mediated way, Fe-mediated way and Mixed way of S-mediated and Fe-mediated. The observed vanadium bioleaching effectiveness of the assayed methods was follows: S-mediated > Mixed > Oligotrophic > Eutrophic > Fe-mediated, which yielded the maximum bioleaching efficiencies of approximately 90%, 35%, 33%, 20% and 7%, respectively. The microbial community analysis suggested that the predominant genera Acidithiobacillus and Sulfobacillus from the S-mediated bioleaching way effectively catalyzed the vanadium leaching, which could have occurred through the indirect mechanism from the microbial oxidation of S 0 . In addition, the direct mechanism, involving direct electron transfer between the catalyst and the microorganisms that attached to the catalyst surface, should also help the vanadium to be leached more effectively. Therefore, this work provides guidance for future research and practical application on the treatment of waste V 2 O 5 -WO 3 /TiO 2 catalyst. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Overcoming Barriers to Skills Training in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Interview Study.

PubMed

Barnicot, Kirsten; Couldrey, Laura; Sandhu, Sima; Priebe, Stefan

2015-01-01

Despite evidence suggesting that skills training is an important mechanism of change in dialectical behaviour therapy, little research exploring facilitators and barriers to this process has been conducted. The study aimed to explore clients' experiences of barriers to dialectical behaviour therapy skills training and how they felt they overcame these barriers, and to compare experiences between treatment completers and dropouts. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 clients with borderline personality disorder who had attended a dialectical behaviour therapy programme. A thematic analysis of participants' reported experiences found that key barriers to learning the skills were anxiety during the skills groups and difficulty understanding the material. Key barriers to using the skills were overwhelming emotions which left participants feeling unable or unwilling to use them. Key ways in which participants reported overcoming barriers to skills training were by sustaining their commitment to attending therapy and practising the skills, personalising the way they used them, and practising them so often that they became an integral part of their behavioural repertoire. Participants also highlighted a number of key ways in which they were supported with their skills training by other skills group members, the group therapists, their individual therapist, friends and family. Treatment dropouts were more likely than completers to describe anxiety during the skills groups as a barrier to learning, and were less likely to report overcoming barriers to skills training via the key processes outlined above. The findings of this qualitative study require replication, but could be used to generate hypotheses for testing in further research on barriers to skills training, how these relate to dropout, and how they can be overcome. The paper outlines several such suggestions for further research.

Overcoming Barriers to Skills Training in Borderline Personality Disorder: A Qualitative Interview Study

PubMed Central

Barnicot, Kirsten; Couldrey, Laura; Sandhu, Sima; Priebe, Stefan

2015-01-01

Despite evidence suggesting that skills training is an important mechanism of change in dialectical behaviour therapy, little research exploring facilitators and barriers to this process has been conducted. The study aimed to explore clients’ experiences of barriers to dialectical behaviour therapy skills training and how they felt they overcame these barriers, and to compare experiences between treatment completers and dropouts. In-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with 40 clients with borderline personality disorder who had attended a dialectical behaviour therapy programme. A thematic analysis of participants’ reported experiences found that key barriers to learning the skills were anxiety during the skills groups and difficulty understanding the material. Key barriers to using the skills were overwhelming emotions which left participants feeling unable or unwilling to use them. Key ways in which participants reported overcoming barriers to skills training were by sustaining their commitment to attending therapy and practising the skills, personalising the way they used them, and practising them so often that they became an integral part of their behavioural repertoire. Participants also highlighted a number of key ways in which they were supported with their skills training by other skills group members, the group therapists, their individual therapist, friends and family. Treatment dropouts were more likely than completers to describe anxiety during the skills groups as a barrier to learning, and were less likely to report overcoming barriers to skills training via the key processes outlined above. The findings of this qualitative study require replication, but could be used to generate hypotheses for testing in further research on barriers to skills training, how these relate to dropout, and how they can be overcome. The paper outlines several such suggestions for further research. PMID:26465757

Poly-Victimization and Peer Harassment Involvement in a Technological World.

PubMed

Mitchell, Kimberly J; Segura, Anna; Jones, Lisa M; Turner, Heather A

2018-03-01

This article explores the ways poly-victimized youth (those experiencing multiple different types of victimization over the course of 1 year) use technology to interact with peers. Particular attention is given to the peer harassment victimization and perpetration experiences of poly-victimized youth compared with less victimized and non-victimized youth-both overall and through technology. Data were collected as part of the Technology Harassment Victimization (THV) study; a national survey of 791 youth, ages 10 to 20 across the United States. Study results document the heightened risks that poly-victimized youth experience when interacting with peers. Low and high poly-victimized youth were both at significantly greater risk of being dual victims and perpetrators of peer harassment when compared with non-victimized youth even after taking into account other potentially explanatory factors. This was not found to be the case for less victimized youth. This was true for high poly-victims and technology-involved harassment risk as well. There were indications that poly-victimized youth were interacting with peers in more intense and risky ways in general using new technology. The increase in attention to poly-victimization in recent years has importantly identified the detrimental role that experiencing different forms of victimization have on youth. This study not only adds to that literature but suggests that there is an opportunity to interrupt additional victimization by understanding how poly-victimized youth interact with peers before and during adolescence. Although preliminary, the differences in technology use by poly-victimized youth versus others suggest that more information is needed to understand how they are relating to peers in both positive and risky ways in this environment.

Executive functioning and substance use in adolescence: Neurobiological and behavioral perspectives.

PubMed

Kim-Spoon, Jungmeen; Kahn, Rachel E; Lauharatanahirun, Nina; Deater-Deckard, Kirby; Bickel, Warren K; Chiu, Pearl H; King-Casas, Brooks

2017-06-01

The current review is guided by the theoretical perspective that emphasizes the regulating role of executive functioning (Carver et al., 2009) and presents studies that elucidate the ways that executive functioning (inhibition and working memory) explain individual differences in adolescent substance use independently or by regulating the reactive system (reward and punishment sensitivity). Behavioral studies indicate that main effects of executive functioning on adolescent substance use are often nonsignificant or weak in effect sizes. In contrast, emerging evidence suggests consistent and stronger regulating effects of executive functioning over reward and punishment sensitivity. Functional neuroimaging studies reveal significant associations between executive functioning task-related hemodynamic responses and substance use with strong effect sizes. There is also direct evidence from studies testing statistical interactions of the regulating effects of EF-related brain activation, and indirect evidence in studies examining functional connectivity, temporal discounting, and reinforced control. We note key future directions and ways to address limitations in existing work. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Resources for Functional Genomics Studies in Drosophila melanogaster

PubMed Central

Mohr, Stephanie E.; Hu, Yanhui; Kim, Kevin; Housden, Benjamin E.; Perrimon, Norbert

2014-01-01

Drosophila melanogaster has become a system of choice for functional genomic studies. Many resources, including online databases and software tools, are now available to support design or identification of relevant fly stocks and reagents or analysis and mining of existing functional genomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, etc. datasets. These include large community collections of fly stocks and plasmid clones, “meta” information sites like FlyBase and FlyMine, and an increasing number of more specialized reagents, databases, and online tools. Here, we introduce key resources useful to plan large-scale functional genomics studies in Drosophila and to analyze, integrate, and mine the results of those studies in ways that facilitate identification of highest-confidence results and generation of new hypotheses. We also discuss ways in which existing resources can be used and might be improved and suggest a few areas of future development that would further support large- and small-scale studies in Drosophila and facilitate use of Drosophila information by the research community more generally. PMID:24653003

Workplace Ostracism Seen through the Lens of Power

PubMed Central

Fiset, John; Al Hajj, Raghid; Vongas, John G.

2017-01-01

Drawing on approach/inhibition theory of power, we investigated two factors that influence the manner by which victims react to workplace ostracism: the hierarchical status of the ostracizer and the level of an ostracizee’s external social support including family, friends, and significant others. Across an experimental vignette study (Study 1) and a field study (Study 2), we found support for a three-way interaction with felt ostracism, ostracizee external social support, and ostracizer status influencing victims’ organizational citizenship behavior and deviance directed toward other individuals. In addition, felt ostracism and ostracizee external social support interacted to predict turnover intentions. Overall, victims who were ostracized by a legitimate higher-status authority (e.g., manager) and whose external social support network was limited experienced the most negative outcomes across both studies. Our findings suggest that contextual factors both inside and outside the organization jointly impact the way in which individuals react to perceived workplace ostracism. Implications and future research directions are discussed. PMID:28928702

The challenge of recruiting people with schizophrenia to a health promotion trial

PubMed Central

Abbott, Margaret; Arthur, Antony; Walker, Liz; Doody, Gillian

2005-01-01

People with schizophrenia have an increased risk of coronary heart disease. This pilot study tested the feasibility of carrying out a randomised controlled trial to compare coronary heart disease prevention for this population through an enhanced occupational therapy support intervention versus a practice-based intervention. Difficulty in deciding whether to take part meant that 123 visits were made to 25 people with 12 ultimately providing informed consent. Participants' discussion at a subsequent focus group (n = 3) suggested a poor understanding of the study process. Distrust of randomisation suggests that randomised controlled trials may not be the best way to evaluate community-based interventions for people with schizophrenia. PMID:16105374

Revisiting chronodisruption: when the physiological nexus between internal and external times splits in humans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erren, Thomas C.; Reiter, Russel J.

2013-04-01

In this Concepts & Synthesis paper, we expand the definition of chronodisruption in humans by proposing that it can be operationalized as the split nexus of internal and external times. With this premise, we suggest how chronotype may be used as a temporal marker (chronomarker) of exposure to chronodisruption in studies of cancer, and beyond, offer cancer risk predictions for observational research on the basis of a chronotype-related hypothesis and corollary, and point to first empirical data in humans. In an a priori way, we examine possible outcomes and perspectives for preventive measures following from our rationale and the suggested chronobiology-driven studies and close with overall advances of chronodisruption research.

Fiche Pratique: Histoire de modes . . . toujours; Premiers contacts; Jongler avec les lettres; Un conte a votre facon (Practical Ideas: On the Subject of Verbal Moods . . . Again; First Contacts; Juggling letters; A Story Your Own Way).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiss, Francois; And Others

1993-01-01

The four language classroom activities described include work with verbal moods (subjunctive, conditional) by eliciting student suggestions for ways to help third-world countries; ways to practice social meeting/greeting/introduction situations; development of phonetic understanding and vocabulary through letter and sound changes; use of…

Specifying a curriculum for biopolitical critical literacy in science teacher education: exploring roles for science fiction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gough, Noel

2017-12-01

In this essay I suggest some ways in which science teacher educators in Western neoliberal economies might facilitate learners' development of a critical literacy concerning the social and cultural changes signified by the concept of biopolitics. I consider how such a biopolitically inflected critical literacy might find expression in a science teacher education curriculum and suggest a number of ways of materializing such a curriculum in specific literatures, media, procedures, and assessment tasks, with particular reference to the contributions of science fiction in popular media.

Strengthening syntheses on fire: Increasing their usefulness for managers

Treesearch

Jane Kapler Smith

2015-01-01

A synthesis for fire managers summarizes and interprets a body of information, presents its meaning in an objective, unbiased way, and describes its implications for decisionmakers. Following are suggestions for ways to strengthen syntheses on fire and on other natural resource issues:Include managers, scientists, and...

Regional Film Culture: Challenges and Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fountain, Alan

1978-01-01

Discusses the relationship between general film culture and state intervention through the formation of a regional film policy and the funding of film exhibition, film education, and filmmaking in Britain. Suggests ways in which intervention can perpetuate the dominant cultural ideology and ways to identify, resist, and challenge present…

Assisting Toddlers and Caregivers during Conflict Resolutions: Interactions that Promote Socialization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kovach, Beverly; Da Ros, Denise A.

1998-01-01

Examines caregiver attitudes toward toddler conflict and considers ways to facilitate conflict resolution to promote toddler growth, learning, and social development. Suggests that the ways caregivers intervene often do not promote resolution between children. Presents prevention and intervention strategies and discusses implications for practice…

Practical Ways To Improve Singing in Early Childhood Classrooms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neelly, Linda P.

2002-01-01

Suggests developmentally appropriate ways early childhood teachers can help young children express, interpret, and understand their experiences through song. Discusses the importance of singing for gaining music and literacy skills and encouraging self-expression and creativity. Includes tips related to posture, breathing, vocal exploration, vocal…

Texture & Textiles, Together

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guhin, Paula

2011-01-01

Creating a painting with texture is easy, although using heavy gel medium or modeling paste may be pricey ways to go about it. High school artists generally like making collages and mixed-media. In this article, the author suggests ways to capitalize on that interest with inexpensive fabric in a painting project.

Three-Way Analysis of Spectrospatial Electromyography Data: Classification and Interpretation

PubMed Central

Kauppi, Jukka-Pekka; Hahne, Janne; Müller, Klaus-Robert; Hyvärinen, Aapo

2015-01-01

Classifying multivariate electromyography (EMG) data is an important problem in prosthesis control as well as in neurophysiological studies and diagnosis. With modern high-density EMG sensor technology, it is possible to capture the rich spectrospatial structure of the myoelectric activity. We hypothesize that multi-way machine learning methods can efficiently utilize this structure in classification as well as reveal interesting patterns in it. To this end, we investigate the suitability of existing three-way classification methods to EMG-based hand movement classification in spectrospatial domain, as well as extend these methods by sparsification and regularization. We propose to use Fourier-domain independent component analysis as preprocessing to improve classification and interpretability of the results. In high-density EMG experiments on hand movements across 10 subjects, three-way classification yielded higher average performance compared with state-of-the art classification based on temporal features, suggesting that the three-way analysis approach can efficiently utilize detailed spectrospatial information of high-density EMG. Phase and amplitude patterns of features selected by the classifier in finger-movement data were found to be consistent with known physiology. Thus, our approach can accurately resolve hand and finger movements on the basis of detailed spectrospatial information, and at the same time allows for physiological interpretation of the results. PMID:26039100

Four-Way Kidney Exchange Transplant With Desensitization Increases Access to Living-Donor Kidney Transplant: First Report From India.

PubMed

Kute, Vivek B; Patel, Himanshu V; Shah, Pankaj R; Modi, Pranjal R; Shah, Veena R; Kasat, Govind S; Patil, Mayur V; Patel, Jaydeep C; Kumar, Deepak P; Trivedi, Hargovind L

2017-09-26

This study reports our experience of the first 4-way kidney exchange transplant combined with desensitization in India, which allows increased access to living-donor kidney transplant for sensitized patients. Four-way kidney exchange transplant procedures were approved by the ethics committee of our institution and the Organ Transplantation Authorization Committee of state governments of India (as per the Transplantation of Human Organs Act of India). The protocols conformed to Declaration of Istanbul principles and the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Helsinki Declaration. Written informed consent was obtained from patients, donors, and their guardians. In April 2016, our transplant team completed simultaneous 4-way kidney exchange transplant procedures without any medical (rejection and infections) or surgical complications. Reasons for being included for kidney exchange transplant were ABO incom-patible (2 recipients) and sensitization (2 recipients). All 4 recipients had stable graft function with no proteinuria and donor-specific antibody at 11-month follow-up on standard triple immunosup-pression. Patient and graft survival rates were both 100%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first single-center report of 4-way kidney exchange transplant combined with desensitization from India. This procedure has the potential to expand living-donor kidney transplant in disadvantaged groups (eg, sensitized patients). Recipients who are hard to match due to high panel reactive antibody and difficult to desensitize due to strong donor-specific antibodies can receive a transplant with a combination of kidney exchange and desensitization. Our study suggests that 4-way kidney exchange transplant can be performed in developing countries (India) similar to that shown in programs in developed countries with team work, kidney exchange registry, and counseling.

Differential effects of 5-HT2C receptor activation by WAY 161503 on nicotine-induced place conditioning and locomotor activity in rats.

PubMed

Hayes, Dave J; Mosher, Tera M; Greenshaw, Andrew J

2009-02-11

Numerous studies indicate a role for both the serotonin 2C receptor (5-HT(2C)) and the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor in locomotion, reinforcement and motivated behaviours. Nicotine, a potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist, interacts with the dopaminergic and serotonergic systems and is known to positively affect reward-related behaviours. The current study examined the effects of 5-HT(2C) receptor activation on nicotine-induced (0.6 mg/kg) place conditioning and spontaneous locomotion. Using Sprague-Dawley rats, the effects of the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor agonist WAY 161503 (0-1.0 mg/kg) and the selective 5-HT(2C) receptor antagonist SB 242084 (1.0 mg/kg) alone, in combination, and on nicotine-induced (0.6 mg/kg) spontaneous locomotor activity were assessed. The effects of WAY 161503 (1.0, 3.0 mg/kg) were also investigated in nicotine-induced place conditioning using a two-compartment biased design; amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg) served as a positive control. As differential effects were observed between place conditioning and locomotor activity, the subjects used in the place conditioning experiments were also tested for effects on locomotor activity. WAY 161503 decreased baseline and nicotine-induced locomotor activity at the highest dose tested (1.0mg/kg) and these effects were attenuated by SB 242084. Amphetamine and nicotine both induced robust place preferences and WAY 161503 did not have any effects in the context of place conditioning. In contrast, WAY 161503 (1.0 mg/kg) blocked nicotine-induced locomotor activity. These results suggest that 5-HT(2C) receptors may play an inhibitory role in nicotine-induced locomotor activity, but do not appear to influence place conditioning under the current conditions.

It ain't what you do (it's the way that you do it).

PubMed

Aitken, Kenneth John

2013-08-01

Knowledge of the complexity of human communication comes from three main sources - (i) studies of the linguistics and neuropsychology of dysfunction after brain injury; (ii) studies of the development of social communication in infancy, and its dysfunction in developmental psychopathologies; and (iii) the evolutionary history of human communicative interaction. Together, these suggest the need for a broad, integrated theory of communication of which language forms a small but critical component.

Some implications of reciprocity for two-way clock synchronization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jespersen, J. L.

1979-01-01

The difficulties related to propagation perturbances in one-way and two-way methods for the synchronization of remote clocks are defined, and a possible means of circumventing these problems in the two-way method is suggested. In the two-way method, if signals are launched from two sources, A and B, then the two signals arriving at A and B will be displaced in arrival time by an amount that is equal to the difference in launch times of the two signals. Thus, the only condition to comparing clocks is that the medium be isotropic. The practice implementation of this is explored theoretically, in some detail, with respect to the Loran-C navigation system.

Interprofessional support of mental well-being in schools: a Bourdieuan perspective.

PubMed

Spratt, Jennifer; Shucksmith, Janet; Philip, Kate; Watson, Cate

2006-08-01

There is increasing international concern about the mental health and well-being of school-aged children, and the school is often seen as the optimum setting to deliver interagency interventions. This paper draws on a Scottish study examining the responses of local authorities, schools and other agencies to challenging behaviour related to poor mental health. It explores the ways in which the presence of workers from other agencies had an impact on the capacity of schools to respond to such issues. In Bourdieuan terms, the study showed that non-teaching workers imported into school developed new forms of 'habitus' leading to effective team work to support vulnerable pupils, but that they often operated in isolation from the wider teaching staff. Different professional cultures created significant barriers, which could be exacerbated by active resistance to meaningful engagement. Consequently, parallel working evolved, where staff from agencies other than education supported pupils experiencing difficulties, but there was little evidence of corresponding changes to ethos or pedagogy to meet the needs of pupils in school. Expertise pertaining to the mental well-being of pupils thus tended to be compartmentalized and was not readily transferred elsewhere, and this led to a disjointed experience for pupils. Our evidence strongly suggested that teachers preferred to learn from other teachers. This served to reinforce existing habitus and to isolate them from new ways of thinking. Potential ways of effecting culture change are suggested, through innovative training and development, linked to accountability, to challenge the new mode of parallel working before it becomes the status quo.

Orthographic Consistency and Word-Frequency Effects in Auditory Word Recognition: New Evidence from Lexical Decision and Rime Detection

PubMed Central

Petrova, Ana; Gaskell, M. Gareth; Ferrand, Ludovic

2011-01-01

Many studies have repeatedly shown an orthographic consistency effect in the auditory lexical decision task. Words with phonological rimes that could be spelled in multiple ways (i.e., inconsistent words) typically produce longer auditory lexical decision latencies and more errors than do words with rimes that could be spelled in only one way (i.e., consistent words). These results have been extended to different languages and tasks, suggesting that the effect is quite general and robust. Despite this growing body of evidence, some psycholinguists believe that orthographic effects on spoken language are exclusively strategic, post-lexical, or restricted to peculiar (low-frequency) words. In the present study, we manipulated consistency and word-frequency orthogonally in order to explore whether the orthographic consistency effect extends to high-frequency words. Two different tasks were used: lexical decision and rime detection. Both tasks produced reliable consistency effects for both low- and high-frequency words. Furthermore, in Experiment 1 (lexical decision), an interaction revealed a stronger consistency effect for low-frequency words than for high-frequency words, as initially predicted by Ziegler and Ferrand (1998), whereas no interaction was found in Experiment 2 (rime detection). Our results extend previous findings by showing that the orthographic consistency effect is obtained not only for low-frequency words but also for high-frequency words. Furthermore, these effects were also obtained in a rime detection task, which does not require the explicit processing of orthographic structure. Globally, our results suggest that literacy changes the way people process spoken words, even for frequent words. PMID:22025916

Estimating the Mean Circulation and Water Exchange of the Gulf of Suez-Red Sea via a Validated One-Way Atmospheric-Hydrodynamic Coupled Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eladawy, Ahmed; Shaltout, Mohamed; Sousa, Magda Catarina; Dias, João Miguel; Nadaoka, Kazuo

2018-05-01

The Gulf of Suez, Northern Islands protected area, and Hurghada zone are experiencing mega developments in all sectors including tourism, industry, and logistics. The need for moderately accurate near-shore hydrodynamic models is increasing to support the sustainable development of this oceanic area. This can be accomplished by following a nesting approach including the downscaling of global atmospheric and oceanic models into local models using higher resolution datasets. This work aims to present the development of a one-way coupling between atmospheric and hydrodynamic models for the Gulf of Suez (GOS) to understand the local oceanic characteristics and processes. The Regional Climate Model system (RegCM4) is used to simulate moderate resolution atmospheric features and its results are used to force a local dedicated application of Delft3D model. The results indicate that the predicted water level, water temperature, and evaporation accurately follow in situ measurements, remotely sensed data, and re-analysis data. The results suggest that the annual sea surface temperature is averaged at 23 °C, while the annual average of evaporation rates equals 8.02 mm/day. The study suggests that the water level displays a marked seasonal and spatial variation. Moreover, the water balance in the Gulf of Suez was controlled by the difference between inflows and outflows through the Straits of Gubal and by the net precipitation. In addition, the water balance indicated a net loss of approximately 3.9 × 10-3 m of water during 2013. Moreover, the exchange through the Straits of Gubal showed a two-way exchange with a net inflow of 0.0007 Sv, where the outflow dominated in the surface layer along the western coast and the inflow dominated in the lower layers along the middle of the Straits. To conclude, the one-way coupling modeling technique proved to be a reliable tool for studying local features of the GOS region.

People Power.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howlett, Patricia

1993-01-01

School boards need to learn how to galvanize public support. Suggests ways to communicate with and involve citizens in supporting schools. Suggestions include parent centers, television interviews, cable access, community newsletters, and opening the schools to the community. (MLF)

Measuring thermal budgets of active volcanoes by satellite remote sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glaze, L.; Francis, P. W.; Rothery, D. A.

1989-01-01

Thematic Mapper measurements of the total radiant energy flux Q at Lascar volcano in north Chile for December 1984 are reported. The results are consistent with the earlier suggestion that a lava lake is the source of a reported thermal budget anomaly, and with values for 1985-1986 that are much lower, suggesting that fumarolic activity was then a more likely heat source. The results show that satellite remote sensing may be used to monitor the activity of a volcano quantitatively, in a way not possible by conventional ground studies, and may provide a method for predicting eruptions.

Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass

PubMed Central

Garcia-Reyero, Natàlia; Barber, David; Gross, Timothy; Denslow, Nancy

2007-01-01

In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p′-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure. PMID:16707152

Modeling of gene expression pattern alteration by p,p′-DDE and dieldrin in largemouth bass

USGS Publications Warehouse

Garcia-Reyero, Natalia; Barber, David; Gross, Timothy; Denslow, Nancy

2006-01-01

In this study, largemouth bass (LMB) were subchronically exposed to p,p′-DDE or dieldrin in their diet to evaluate the effect of exposure on expression of genes involved in reproduction and steroid homeostasis. Using real-time PCR, we detected a different gene expression pattern for each OCP, suggesting that they each affect LMB in a different way. We also detected a different expression pattern among sexes, suggesting that sexes are affected differently by OCPs perhaps reflecting the different adaptive responses of each sex to dysregulation caused by OCP exposure.

Rapid Geometry Creation for Computer-Aided Engineering Parametric Analyses: A Case Study Using ComGeom2 for Launch Abort System Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hawke, Veronica; Gage, Peter; Manning, Ted

2007-01-01

ComGeom2, a tool developed to generate Common Geometry representation for multidisciplinary analysis, has been used to create a large set of geometries for use in a design study requiring analysis by two computational codes. This paper describes the process used to generate the large number of configurations and suggests ways to further automate the process and make it more efficient for future studies. The design geometry for this study is the launch abort system of the NASA Crew Launch Vehicle.

A meta-ethnographic synthesis on phenomenographic studies of patients’ experiences of chronic illness

PubMed Central

Röing, Marta

2015-01-01

Phenomenography is a qualitative research approach developed within an educational framework, focusing on the qualitative experience of learning. It is also being used, to a lesser degree, in healthcare research. In the present study, we conducted a meta-ethnographic synthesis of phenomenographic studies on chronic illness, in order to give a broader perspective of how chronic illness can be experienced. Our aim was not to describe patients’ various individual experiences of illness, but instead to identify the different ways chronic illness can be experienced by patients. Our synthesis and phenomenographic interpretation of 12 selected articles found that patients’ experiences of chronic illness can be described in terms of a different lived body, a struggle with threat to identity and self-esteem, a diminished lifeworld, and a challenging reality. These experiences relate to each other in a process of recurring loops, where the different ways of experiencing continue to influence each other over time. According to these findings, the use of phenomenography as a research approach has the potential to add to the understanding of how chronic illness can be experienced. Patients may benefit from seeing that their illness can be experienced in many different ways and that it has many aspects, which then can lead to a better understanding and coping with their illness. We suggest that it may be worthwhile to expand the scope of phenomenography outside pedagogics. This presupposes a revision of the application to include a wider and more comprehensive description, for instance, of the different ways illness and healthcare phenomena can be experienced, and how these different ways are related to each other, with less focus on hierarchical relations. PMID:25690674

The Scientific Status of Learning Styles Theories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willingham, Daniel T.; Hughes, Elizabeth M.; Dobolyi, David G.

2015-01-01

Theories of learning styles suggest that individuals think and learn best in different ways. These are not differences of ability but rather preferences for processing certain types of information or for processing information in certain types of way. If accurate, learning styles theories could have important implications for instruction because…

Alternative Perspectives in Assessing Children's Language and Literacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Kathleen, Ed.; And Others

Suggesting many ways (not just one way) to understand what children are doing with language and literacy, this book presents essays that address the need for alternative perspectives as well as anthropological, socio-psycholinguistic, and reader response perspectives in assessing children's language and literacy. After "Introducation: What Is an…

Articulation: A Working Paper on Rhetoric and "Taxis"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stormer, Nathan

2004-01-01

This essay suggests a way to historicize different rhetorical practices--in effect, alternative ways to write genealogies of diverse rhetorics. A certain distinction between culture and nature is a fundamental organizing concept in humanistic rhetoric that has circumscribed scholars' ability to appreciate rhetoric that does not emanate from the…

Enterprise Education as Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Brian; Iredale, Norma

2010-01-01

Purpose: This paper seeks to suggest that the most appropriate way to construe the concept of enterprise education is from a pedagogical viewpoint. Enterprise education as pedagogy is argued to be the most appropriate way to think about the concept and serves to demarcate it from entrepreneurship education, which is very much about business…

Achieving Continuous Improvement: Theories that Support a System Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armel, Donald

Focusing on improvement is different than focusing on quality, quantity, customer satisfaction, and productivity. This paper discusses Open System Theory, and suggests ways to change large systems. Changing a system (meaning the way all the parts are connected) requires a considerable amount of data gathering and analysis. Choosing the proper…

Cooking and Eating with Children: A Way to Learn.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAfee, Oralie; And Others

This pamphlet describes ways for children and caregivers to plan, cook, and eat together, blending practical health suggestions with sound educational philosophy. The ideas and concepts children can learn from cooking are outlined (e.g. motor skills, language, mathematics, executive abilities, etc.), and the importance of eating with children,…

Single Parent Families.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ryan, Patricia

This booklet attempts to reassure single parents that they can raise healthy, happy children and provides some suggestions for parents' specific questions and concerns. The first section discusses the emotional stages children pass through when they lose a parent, ways to explain to children the loss of a parent, and ways to handle children's…

De/colonizing Pedagogy and Pedagogue: Science Education through Participatory and Reflexive Videography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins, Marc

2014-01-01

Within Canadian science classrooms, Indigenous ways-of-knowing and ways-of-being continue to be underrepresented and undervalued. For Indigenous students, this often results in negative experiences and disparate achievement rates when compared to their non-Indigenous classmates. Recent decolonizing science education literature suggests critical…

Understanding Changes in Teachers' ICT Practices: A Longitudinal Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orlando, Joanne

2009-01-01

With the introduction of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) into schools came the expectation that teachers would adopt ICT and change their practices in particular ways. Research indicates that teachers have not changed in the ways expected. Suggested in this paper is that limitations in current research methodologies documenting…

Research Considerations in Ethical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogan, Robert

The author purports the need to treat moral education as a serious academic subject and suggests ways educators can manage it in an intellectually defensible way. Ethical education must avoid indoctrination, yet it should not be a mere training in philosophical ethics. The domain of moral education should include four partially interdependent…

Stories of Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stolz, Paul

In Annie Proulx's novel "The Shipping News," the anti-hero undertakes a journey of change that transforms the way he sees himself and his ways of acting and relating. This novel about the complexity of life and difficulty of change mirrors the course of wilderness-enhanced narrative therapy. Narrative therapy suggests that the sum of…

Exploring the role of children's dreams in psychoanalytic practice today: a pilot study.

PubMed

Lempen, Olivia; Midgley, Nick

2006-01-01

The aim of this research study was to investigate the role of children's dreams in the practice of child psychoanalysis today, and to explore contemporary psychoanalytic understanding of children's dreams. This pilot study consisted of two stages. The first involved a document analysis of published articles in The Psychoanalytic Study of the Child, making a comparison between those of the early 1950s and the 1990s, in order to see in what way the discourse around children's dreams within the psychoanalytic literature has changed over time. The second stage, based on questionnaires and in-depth interviews, attempted to understand in more detail the way contemporary child analysts, working in the Anna Freudian tradition, think about dreams and use them in their clinical practice. Results suggest that there has been a decreased focus on dreams in a clinical context over time, and that this may partly be a consequence of changing theoretical models and changes in training. When work with dreams does take place, it appears that child analysts have

Science as a Way of Knowing II--Human Ecology. Proceedings of the annual session of Science as a Way of Knowing (2nd, Denver, CO, December 27-30, 1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, John A.; And Others

1985-01-01

"Science as a Way of Knowing" is a project of the education committee of the American Society of Zoologists and 11 other organizations designed to offer suggestions for making the teaching of biology at the college and university level more effective. Each year the project focuses on an important subfield of biology and: (1) sponsors a…

Effectiveness of media awareness campaigns on the proportion of vehicles that give space to ambulances on roads: An observational study.

PubMed

Shaikh, Shiraz; Baig, Lubna A; Polkowski, Maciej

2017-01-01

The findings of the Health Care in Danger project in Karachi suggests that there is presence of behavioral negligence among vehicle operators on roads in regards to giving way to ambulances. A mass media campaign was conducted to raise people's awareness on the importance of giving way to ambulances. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the campaign on increasing the proportion of vehicles that give way to ambulances. This was a quasi-experimental study that was based on before and after design. Three observation surveys were carried out in different areas of the city in Karachi, Pakistan before, during and after the campaign by trained observers who recorded their findings on a checklist. Each observation was carried out at three different times of the day for at least two days on each road. The relationship of the media campaign with regards to a vehicle giving space to an ambulance was calculated by means of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariate logistic regression. Overall, 245 observations were included in the analysis. Traffic congestion and negligence/resistance, by vehicles operators who were in front of the ambulance, were the two main reasons why ambulances were not given way. Other reasons include: sudden stops by minibuses and in the process causing obstruction, ambulances not rushing through to alert vehicle operators to give way and traffic interruption by VIP movement. After adjustment for site, time of day, type of ambulance and number of cars in front of the ambulance, vehicles during (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.71, p=0.007) and after the campaign (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.02-2.95, p=0.042) were significantly more likely give space to ambulances. Mass media campaigns can play a significant role in changing the negligent behavior of people, especially when the campaign conveys a humanitarian message such as: giving way to ambulances can save lives.

The Impact of Divorce on the Lives of Children: Alleviating the Trauma of the Divorce Experience Through Adult Intervention Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Denise

This paper reviews current literature pertaining to the effects of divorce on children and makes suggestions regarding general ways in which parents and other adults may assist children in coping with divorce. The population of children towards which this study is directed includes preschool through latency age children. All inferences made in…

Connecting the Science of Child Development to Public Policy. Social Policy Report. Volume 19, Number 4

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huston, Aletha C.

2005-01-01

The purpose of this article is to suggest some ways in which researchers can make their work more useful to policymakers. Policy research is more than "applied" research. It is designed to answer questions about what "actions" will or will not be effective in dealing with the problem studied, not just to understand the antecedents or consequences…

Does the suggestion that respondents recall events chronologically significantly influence the data collected?

Treesearch

Andrew Hill; Jay Beaman; Joseph O' Leary

2001-01-01

This paper is about estimating a salience scale for trip reporting. The measurement project began as a way of establishing the affects of methodological changes between 1994 and 1997 in the Canadian Travel Survey. This is a survey that Canada uses to study the travel of its residents. There were several changes in methodology that could be expected to influence how...

The Dark Side of Incremental Learning: A Model of Cumulative Semantic Interference during Lexical Access in Speech Production

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oppenheim, Gary M.; Dell, Gary S.; Schwartz, Myrna F.

2010-01-01

Naming a picture of a dog primes the subsequent naming of a picture of a dog (repetition priming) and interferes with the subsequent naming of a picture of a cat (semantic interference). Behavioral studies suggest that these effects derive from persistent changes in the way that words are activated and selected for production, and some have…

A Little Bit Can Go a Long Way: An Examination of Required Service in the Basic Communication Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIntyre, Kristen A.; Sellnow, Deanna D.

2014-01-01

This study examines the utility of service-learning pedagogy in the general education basic communication course to meet service-learning outcomes, with an emphasis on civic engagement. Results of the data suggest that students in both a one-time service site and multiple-site condition indicated that the service experience enhanced three of the…

Nurturing Aspirations for Oxbridge: An Exploration of the Impact of University Preparation Classes on Sixth-Form Historians

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hemsley, Lucy

2016-01-01

Frustrated by the low numbers of students from her comprehensive state school who expressed any interest in applying to Oxford or Cambridge to study history, Lucy Hemsley set out to explore ways in which she might both inspire and equip her students to do so. Her careful analysis of the explicit requirements of the two universities suggested that…

Cultural Differences And Similarities In Seeking Social Support As A Response To Academic Failure: A Comparison Of American And Chinese College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mortenson, Steven

2006-01-01

Researchers suggest that psycho-social mentoring may represent a way for instructors to provide emotional support and personal insight to students. Given the nationwide rise in academic stress among university students, the present study examines the kinds of negative emotions associated with failing an exam and how such emotions are linked to…

Roles as a Route to Being "Other": Drama-Based Interventions with At-Risk Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Elliott, Victoria; Dingwall, Nicole

2017-01-01

Four drama programmes for at-risk youth run by a community theatre formed the basis for a 9-month participant observation and interview study. This paper focuses on the concept of roles, using this as a lens to explore participants' experiences, and to suggest ways in which taking part in the programmes enabled young people to "be Other"…

Can Service Learning Reinforce Social and Cultural Bias? Exploring a Popular Model of Family Involvement for Early Childhood Teacher Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn-Kenney, Maylan

2010-01-01

Service learning is often used in teacher education as a way to challenge social bias and provide teacher candidates with skills needed to work in partnership with diverse families. Although some literature suggests that service learning could reinforce cultural bias, there is little documentation. In a study of 21 early childhood teacher…

Waging the War on Clinical Grade Inflation: The Ongoing Quest.

PubMed

Seldomridge, Lisa A; Walsh, Catherine M

This study examined the presence of grade inflation in clinical courses 9 years after implementing strategies to improve grading precision. A comparison of clinical grades for cohort I (1997-2002) with cohort II (2009-2016) showed statistically lower grades in 2 courses (Adult 1 and Maternity) for cohort II. Suggestions for changing the way clinical experiences are planned, executed, and evaluated are provided.

How to Create High-Impact Writing Assignments That Enhance Learning and Development and Reinvigorate WAC/WID Programs: What Almost 72,000 Undergraduates Taught Us

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Paul; Anson, Chris M.; Gonyea, Robert M.; Paine, Charles

2016-01-01

This article reports on a study that suggests ways that Writing Across the Curriculum/Writing in the Disciplines (WAC/WID) programs can increase the effectiveness of their efforts, including implementation of writingintensive courses, which are one of the Association of American Colleges and Universities' High-Impact Educational Practices. The…

Affordances and Limitations of Learning Analytics for Computer-Assisted Language Learning: A Case Study of the VITAL Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelan, Anouk; Fastré, Greet; Verjans, Martine; Martin, Niels; Janssenswillen, Gert; Creemers, Mathijs; Lieben, Jonas; Depaire, Benoît; Thomas, Michael

2018-01-01

Learning analytics (LA) has emerged as a field that offers promising new ways to prevent drop-out and aid retention. However, other research suggests that large datasets of learner activity can be used to understand online learning behaviour and improve pedagogy. While the use of LA in language learning has received little attention to date,…

A Review of Challenges in South African Education and Possible Ways to Improve Educational Outcome as Suggested by Decades of Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maarman, Gerald J.; Lamont-Mbawuli, Kim

2017-01-01

Despite many positive developments in South Africa (SA), the education system and educational outcome face many challenges and require further improvement. This is reflected by elevated school dropout rates and suboptimal annual pass rates in various grades (Grades 7-12). Over the years, a plethora of studies has identified methods through which…

Skill Training Using Adaptive Technology: A Better Way to Hover

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-09-01

instructional presentation strategies as discussed below. Primary Presentations Merrill’s CDT suggests that instruction be organized around a series of...conducted a series of experiments designed to investigate the application of Shiffrin and Schneider’s (1977) theory of automatic and controlled...perceptual-motor in content. The results of a series of interlocking studies, using various cognitive and perceptual-motor tasks and observational

Assessing the Relationship between Religious Involvement and Health Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krause, Neal; Hill, Peter C.; Emmons, Robert; Pargament, Kenneth I.; Ironson, Gail

2017-01-01

A growing body of research suggests that people who are more deeply involved in religion may be more likely to adopt beneficial health behaviors. However, religion is a complex phenomenon, and as a result, religion may affect health behaviors in a number of ways. The purpose of the current study was to see whether a sacred view of the body (i.e.,…

Plantar Fasciitis: A Concise Review

PubMed Central

Schwartz, Emily N; Su, John

2014-01-01

One challenge in the treatment of plantar fasciitis is that very few high-quality studies exist comparing different treatment modalities to guide evidence-based management. Current literature suggests a change to the way that plantar fasciitis is managed. This article reviews the most current literature on plantar fasciitis and showcases recommended treatment guidelines. This serves to assist physicians in diagnosing and treating heel pain with plantar fasciitis. PMID:24626080

Plantar fasciitis: a concise review.

PubMed

Schwartz, Emily N; Su, John

2014-01-01

One challenge in the treatment of plantar fasciitis is that very few high-quality studies exist comparing different treatment modalities to guide evidence-based management. Current literature suggests a change to the way that plantar fasciitis is managed. This article reviews the most current literature on plantar fasciitis and showcases recommended treatment guidelines. This serves to assist physicians in diagnosing and treating heel pain with plantar fasciitis.

New Technologies and Old Ways of Working in the Home of the Self-Employed Teleworker.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baines, Susan

2002-01-01

A study of home-based media workers found they were aware of discourses of freedom and innovation associated with teleworking, but they did not fit the reality of competing demands of domestic life and work. The research suggests that if home-based micro enterprises become more widespread, the results may be harsh for individuals and households as…

Concept-Guided Development of Technology in "Traditional" and "Innovative" Schools: Quantitative and Qualitative Differences in Technology Integration

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Koster, Sandra; Volman, Monique; Kuiper, Els

2017-01-01

The integration of technology into the classroom remains a challenge for those involved. A concept-guided approach to the development of technology has been suggested as a way of meeting this challenge. This multiple case study was performed in the context of a project in which five elementary schools in The Netherlands with a school concept that…

A Case Study Investigating the Use of Facebook as a Learning Management System in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutschmidt, Adam M.

2012-01-01

This dissertation addresses the issue of using the social networking website, Facebook, for educational purposes by examining how it was used in an upper-level public relations course. Research on education suggests instructors should find ways for their students to take a more active approach in learning and can do so by having them engage in…

Training in Influencing Skills from Neuro-Linguistic Programming (Modelled from Hypnosis and Family Therapy), in Combination with Innovative Maths Pedagogy, Raises Maths Attainment in Adult Numeracy Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allan, F.; Bourne, J.; Bouch, D.; Churches, R.; Dennison, J.; Evans, J.; Fowler, J.; Jeffers, A.; Prior, E.; Rhodes, L.

2012-01-01

Case study research suggests that NLP [neuro-linguistic programming] influencing strategies benefit teacher effectiveness. Maths pedagogy involving higher-order questioning, challenge, problem solving and collaborative working may be a way of improving attainment in adult numeracy learning, however, such strategies may be less effective if the…

What Should I Do?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shelton, Charles

1993-01-01

Suggests that codes of ethics developed by educators and youth ministers can provide guidelines for dealing with social and personal dilemmas. Offers basic ethical guidelines for youth workers and suggests ways of implementing the principles in action. (MAB)

A mega-analysis of memory reports from eight peer-reviewed false memory implantation studies.

PubMed

Scoboria, Alan; Wade, Kimberley A; Lindsay, D Stephen; Azad, Tanjeem; Strange, Deryn; Ost, James; Hyman, Ira E

2017-02-01

Understanding that suggestive practices can promote false beliefs and false memories for childhood events is important in many settings (e.g., psychotherapeutic, medical, and legal). The generalisability of findings from memory implantation studies has been questioned due to variability in estimates across studies. Such variability is partly due to false memories having been operationalised differently across studies and to differences in memory induction techniques. We explored ways of defining false memory based on memory science and developed a reliable coding system that we applied to reports from eight published implantation studies (N = 423). Independent raters coded transcripts using seven criteria: accepting the suggestion, elaboration beyond the suggestion, imagery, coherence, emotion, memory statements, and not rejecting the suggestion. Using this scheme, 30.4% of cases were classified as false memories and another 23% were classified as having accepted the event to some degree. When the suggestion included self-relevant information, an imagination procedure, and was not accompanied by a photo depicting the event, the memory formation rate was 46.1%. Our research demonstrates a useful procedure for systematically combining data that are not amenable to meta-analysis, and provides the most valid estimate of false memory formation and associated moderating factors within the implantation literature to date.

A Primer on Effective Library Utilization for Department Chairpersons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jennerich, Edward J.

Intended to aid fellow department chairpersons in developing adequate library resources and to suggest ways of motivating departments in their use, this paper proffers suggestions based on the author's experience as a librarian and academic department chairman. It is suggested that (1) guidelines established by the library profession and…

The evolution of social and semantic networks in epistemic communities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Margolin, Drew Berkley

This study describes and tests a model of scientific inquiry as an evolving, organizational phenomenon. Arguments are derived from organizational ecology and evolutionary theory. The empirical subject of study is an epistemic community of scientists publishing on a research topic in physics: the string theoretic concept of "D-branes." The study uses evolutionary theory as a means of predicting change in the way members of the community choose concepts to communicate acceptable knowledge claims. It is argued that the pursuit of new knowledge is risky, because the reliability of a novel knowledge claim cannot be verified until after substantial resources have been invested. Using arguments from both philosophy of science and organizational ecology, it is suggested that scientists can mitigate and sensibly share the risks of knowledge discovery within the community by articulating their claims in legitimate forms, i.e., forms that are testable within and relevant to the community. Evidence from empirical studies of semantic usage suggests that the legitimacy of a knowledge claim is influenced by the characteristics of the concepts in which it is articulated. A model of conceptual retention, variation, and selection is then proposed for predicting the usage of concepts and conceptual co-occurrences in the future publications of the community, based on its past. Results substantially supported hypothesized retention and selection mechanisms. Future concept usage was predictable from previous concept usage, but was limited by conceptual carrying capacity as predicted by density dependence theory. Also as predicted, retention was stronger when the community showed a more cohesive social structure. Similarly, concepts that showed structural signatures of high testability and relevance were more likely to be selected after previous usage frequency was controlled for. By contrast, hypotheses for variation mechanisms were not supported. Surprisingly, concepts whose structural position suggested they would be easiest to discover through search processes were used less frequently, once previous usage frequency was controlled for. The study also makes a theoretical contribution by suggesting ways that evolutionary theory can be used to integrate findings from the study of science with insights from organizational communication. A variety of concrete directions for future studies of social and semantic network evolution are also proposed.

Using Satellite Galaxies to Weigh the Milky Way

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2018-06-01

Weighing galaxies is a tricky business especially when that galaxy is our own! In a recent study, scientists have tackled this problem by harnessing incredibly precise measurements of the motions of Milky-Way satellites.A Challenging MeasurementLocations of some of the 50 satellite galaxies known around the Milky Way. [AndrewRT]Our spot in the middle of our galaxys disk makes it difficult for us to assess the total mass of gas, dust, stars, and dark matter surrounding us; estimates for the Milky Ways mass span from 700 billion to 2 trillion solar masses! Pinning down this number is critical for better understanding the structure and dynamics of our local universe.So whats the key to precisely weighing the Milky Way? A new study led by Ekta Patel (University of Arizona) presented at the American Astronomical Society meeting two weeks ago suggests it may be the barely preceptible motions of the small satellite galaxies that orbit around the Milky Way. Around 50 Milky-Way satellites are currently known, and simulations suggest that there may be up to 100200 in total. By watching the motions of these satellites, we can trace the potential of their host the Milky Way and estimate its mass.The Illustris-Dark simulation evolves our universe to the present day, providing a view of how dark matter organizes itself into galaxy halos over time. [Illustris Collaboration]Tiny Motions of Tiny GalaxiesIn this era of precision astronomy, remarkable measurements are becoming possible. In their study, Patel and collaborators use years of proper-motion observations from the Hubble Space Telescope for nine satellite galaxies of the Milky Way. The precision needed for measurements like these is insane: watching these satellites move is roughly like watching a human hair grow at the distance of the Moon.Rather than using the instantaneous position and velocity measured for a satellite which changes over time during the satellites orbit Patel and collaborators demonstrate that the satellites specific angular momentum is a more useful parameter when attempting to estimate its host galaxys mass.For each of the nine individual satellite galaxies, the authors compare its measured momentum to that of 90,000 simulated satellite galaxies from the Illustris-Dark cosmological simulation. This matching is used to build a probability distribution for the mass of the host galaxy most likely to be orbited by such a satellite. The probability distributions for the nine satellite galaxies are then combined to find the best overall estimate for the Milky Ways mass.Tipping the ScaleTop: summary of the most likely Milky-Way mass estimated from each of the 9 satellite galaxies, using the instantaneous positions and velocities (left) and the momentum (right) of the satellites. The momentum method shows less scatter in the host masses. Bottom: probability distributions for the most likely Milky-Way mass for each of the satellites (colored curves) and combined (grey curve). Click for a better look. [Patel et al. 2018]Using this technique, Patel and collaborators find a mass of 0.96 trillion solar masses for the Milky Way. The error bars for their measurement are around 30% and while this is more confined than the broad range of past estimates, its not yet extremely precise. The beauty of Patel and collaborators method, however, is that it is both extendable and generalizable.The authors only had access to precise proper motions for nine satellite galaxies when they conducted their study but since then, the Gaia mission has provided measurements for 30 satellites, with more expected in the future. Including these additional satellites and using improved, higher-resolution cosmological simulations for comparison will continue to increase the precision of Patel and collaborators estimate in the future.In addition, this approach can also be used to weigh our neighboring Andromeda galaxy, or any other galaxy for which were able to get precise proper-motion measurements for its satellites. Keep an eye out in the future, as techniques like this continue to reveal more properties of our local universe.CitationEkta Patel et al 2018 ApJ 857 78. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aab78f

Relativistic Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Bing; Li, Kunyang

2018-02-01

The “Breakthrough Starshot” aims at sending near-speed-of-light cameras to nearby stellar systems in the future. Due to the relativistic effects, a transrelativistic camera naturally serves as a spectrograph, a lens, and a wide-field camera. We demonstrate this through a simulation of the optical-band image of the nearby galaxy M51 in the rest frame of the transrelativistic camera. We suggest that observing celestial objects using a transrelativistic camera may allow one to study the astronomical objects in a special way, and to perform unique tests on the principles of special relativity. We outline several examples that suggest transrelativistic cameras may make important contributions to astrophysics and suggest that the Breakthrough Starshot cameras may be launched in any direction to serve as a unique astronomical observatory.

Conflicts of quarantine the case of Jewish immigrants to the Jewish state.

PubMed

Seidelman, Rhona D

2012-02-01

Shaar Haaliya--Israel's Ellis Island during the mass immigration of the 1950s--is a case study that challenges the historian's understanding of the concept of quarantine. It was isolated and fenced off for declared health purposes and was widely referred to as a quarantine, but archival and historiographical documentation suggest that Israeli public health policy did not define it as such. I track the discussion and conflict surrounding Shaar Haaliya's function and perception as a quarantine. This is a story that illuminates the way fear of disease converged with fear of immigration as well as the way defiance of public health institutions took shape in a unique framework of citizenship and during a unique wave of migration.

Conflicts of Quarantine The Case of Jewish Immigrants to the Jewish State

PubMed Central

Seidelman, Rhona D.

2012-01-01

Shaar Haaliya—Israel's Ellis Island during the mass immigration of the 1950s—is a case study that challenges the historian's understanding of the concept of quarantine. It was isolated and fenced off for declared health purposes and was widely referred to as a quarantine, but archival and historiographical documentation suggest that Israeli public health policy did not define it as such. I track the discussion and conflict surrounding Shaar Haaliya's function and perception as a quarantine. This is a story that illuminates the way fear of disease converged with fear of immigration as well as the way defiance of public health institutions took shape in a unique framework of citizenship and during a unique wave of migration. PMID:22390439

[Reduction of radioactive cesium content in pond smelt by cooking].

PubMed

Nabeshi, Hiromi; Tsutsumi, Tomoaki; Hachisuka, Akiko; Matsuda, Rieko

2013-01-01

In Japan, seafood may be eaten raw or after having been cooked in diverse ways. Therefore, it is important to understand the effect of cooking on the extent of contamination with radioactive materials in order to avoid internal exposure to radioactive materials via seafood. In this study, we investigated the changes in radioactive cesium content in pond smelt cooked in four different ways: grilled, stewed (kanroni), fried and soaked (nanbanzuke). The radioactive cesium content in grilled, kanroni and fried pond smelt was almost unchanged compared with the uncooked state. In contrast, radioactive cesium content in nanbanzuke pond smelt was decreased by about 30%. Our result suggests that soaking cooked pond smelt in seasoning is an effective method of reducing the burden radioactive cesium.

Protecting children's rights in the collection of health and welfare data.

PubMed

Schenk, Katie; Murove, Tapfuma; Williamson, Jan

2006-01-01

Program managers and researchers promoting children's rights to health, education, and an adequate standard of living often gather data directly from children to assess their needs and develop responsive services. Gathering information within a participatory framework recognizing children's views contributes to protection of their rights. Extra precautions, however, are needed to protect children because of the vulnerabilities associated with their developmental needs. Using case studies of ethical challenges faced by program implementers and sociobehavioral researchers, this article explores ways in which data collection activities among children may affect their rights. We suggest ways in which rights-based principles may be used to derive safeguards to protect against unintentional harm and abuses, based on a multidisciplinary consultation with researchers and service providers.

Representing Ontogeny Through Ontology: A Developmental Biologist’s Guide to The Gene Ontology

PubMed Central

Hill, David P.; Berardini, Tanya Z.; Howe, Douglas G.; Van Auken, Kimberly M.

2010-01-01

Developmental biology, like many other areas of biology, has undergone a dramatic shift in the perspective from which developmental processes are viewed. Instead of focusing on the actions of a handful of genes or functional RNAs, we now consider the interactions of large functional gene networks and study how these complex systems orchestrate the unfolding of an organism, from gametes to adult. Developmental biologists are beginning to realize that understanding ontogeny on this scale requires the utilization of computational methods to capture, store and represent the knowledge we have about the underlying processes. Here we review the use of the Gene Ontology (GO) to study developmental biology. We describe the organization and structure of the GO and illustrate some of the ways we use it to capture the current understanding of many common developmental processes. We also discuss ways in which gene product annotations using the GO have been used to ask and answer developmental questions in a variety of model developmental systems. We provide suggestions as to how the GO might be used in more powerful ways to address questions about development. Our goal is to provide developmental biologists with enough background about the GO that they can begin to think about how they might use the ontology efficiently and in the most powerful ways possible. PMID:19921742

Brief report: Feasibility of a mindfulness and self-compassion based mobile intervention for adolescents.

PubMed

Donovan, Elizabeth; Rodgers, Rachel F; Cousineau, Tara M; McGowan, Kayla M; Luk, Stephanie; Yates, Kayla; Franko, Debra L

2016-12-01

The aim of the study was to test the feasibility of a mindfulness and self-compassion based program for adolescents, to be delivered though mobile phones. Twenty racially and ethnically diverse US adolescents enrolled in a study to use the app for 30 days, after which they provided satisfaction data and participated in focus groups to describe their experiences and offer suggestions for improving the app. Usage data were also captured. Results indicated that participants used the app on the majority of days over the intervention period, reported finding it helpful for managing stress, and provided suggestions for substantive areas for improvement. These findings suggest that a mobile app may be a feasible way to disseminate a mindfulness and selfcompassion based program widely among adolescents. Copyright © 2016 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

‘Men value their dignity’: securing respect and identity construction in urban informal settlements in South Africa

PubMed Central

Gibbs, Andrew; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Jewkes, Rachel

2014-01-01

Background Urban informal settlements remain sites of high HIV incidence and prevalence, as well as violence. Increasing attention is paid on how configurations of young men's masculinities shape these practices through exploring how men build respect and identity. In this paper, we explore how young Black South Africans in two urban informal settlements construct respect and a masculine identity. Methods Data are drawn from three focus groups and 19 in-depth interviews. Results We suggest that while young men aspire to a ‘traditional’ masculinity, prioritising economic power and control over the household, we suggest that a youth masculinity emerges which, in lieu of alternative ways to display power, prioritises violence and control over men's sexual partners, men seeking multiple sexual partners and men's violence to other men. This functions as a way of demonstrating masculinity and their position within a public gender order. Discussion We suggest there are three implications of the findings for working with men on violence and HIV-risk reduction. First, there exist a number of contradictions in men's discourses about masculinity that may provide spaces and opportunities for change. Second, it is important to work on multiple issues at once given the way violence, alcohol use, and sexual risk are interlinked in youth masculinity. Finally, engaging with men's exclusion from the capitalist system may provide an important way to reduce violence. PMID:24717188

'Men value their dignity': securing respect and identity construction in urban informal settlements in South Africa.

PubMed

Gibbs, Andrew; Sikweyiya, Yandisa; Jewkes, Rachel

2014-01-01

Urban informal settlements remain sites of high HIV incidence and prevalence, as well as violence. Increasing attention is paid on how configurations of young men's masculinities shape these practices through exploring how men build respect and identity. In this paper, we explore how young Black South Africans in two urban informal settlements construct respect and a masculine identity. Data are drawn from three focus groups and 19 in-depth interviews. We suggest that while young men aspire to a 'traditional' masculinity, prioritising economic power and control over the household, we suggest that a youth masculinity emerges which, in lieu of alternative ways to display power, prioritises violence and control over men's sexual partners, men seeking multiple sexual partners and men's violence to other men. This functions as a way of demonstrating masculinity and their position within a public gender order. We suggest there are three implications of the findings for working with men on violence and HIV-risk reduction. First, there exist a number of contradictions in men's discourses about masculinity that may provide spaces and opportunities for change. Second, it is important to work on multiple issues at once given the way violence, alcohol use, and sexual risk are interlinked in youth masculinity. Finally, engaging with men's exclusion from the capitalist system may provide an important way to reduce violence.

Relationships of parents' perceived actions toward their children.

PubMed

Necessary, J R; Parish, T S

1995-01-01

Research has generally supported the view that parents' attitudes and practices predispose children to act in certain ways. Bell (1968), however, proposed an alternate theory which suggested that children and adolescents often mold the way their parents act. Parish (1980) subsequently reported support for Bell's position in that parents were, indeed, found to parent like one another, possibly in response to their children's actions. The present study sought to further examine the Bell (1968) theory by seeking to determine if parents are consistent with each other or with themselves in their parenting attitudes and practices. Parents were perceived to act like one another (at least to a moderately significant degree), but fathers were much more likely to parent in particular ways (i.e., if they were restrictive they were also more likely to be warm, or if they were permissive they were also more likely to be hostile), independent of how their wives were perceived to act. The implications of these findings are discussed.

Coaching: a different approach to the nursing dilemma.

PubMed

Stedman, Martha E; Nolan, Thomas L

2007-01-01

While the current nursing shortage continues, many new approaches from sign-on bonuses to "fast track training" are being suggested and implemented to ameliorate the situation. Yet, even with these expanded opportunities turnover is still too high. Recent studies suggest embedded factors called fit, links, and sacrifice exist between the employer and employees including nurses that account for current employees staying on their job. Creating a better understanding of embedded issues and creating an open but confidential environment to deal with conflict issues and job problems is suggested as a way to reduce turnover. A specific issue such as an unfavorable job assignment or more complex issues such as unmet expectations can cause conflict and job dissatisfaction. It is suggested that a coaching model can be used to understand the issues that create conflict and provide a method for resolution of job dissatisfaction.

The flare-up index: a quantitative method to describe the phenomenon.

PubMed

Rimmer, A

1993-05-01

Acute exacerbation of symptoms during the inter-appointment time interval of endodontic treatment is a well-known complication. The phenomenon is termed "flare-up" by most researchers and clinicians, although the exact definition of it differs from one author to another, making it difficult to compare the results of the studies. The suggested flare-up index may be the way to build a common language that will enable the dental community to measure and study more of this phenomenon.

Growth of large zeolite crystals in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sacco, A., Jr.; Dixon, A.; Thompson, R.; Scott, G.; Ditr, J.

1988-01-01

Synthesis studies performed using close analogs of triethanolamine (TEA) have shown that all three hydroxyl groups and the amine group in this molecule are necessary to provide nucleation suppression. Studies using C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed that the hydroxyl ions and the amine group are involved in the formation of an aluminum complex. It was also shown that silicate species fo not interact this way with TEA in an alkaline solution. These results suggest that successful aluminum complexation leads to nucleation in zeolite-A crystallization.