Experimentally induced Fasciola hepatica infection in white-tailed deer. II. Pathological features.

PubMed Central

Presidente, P J; McCraw, B M; Lumsden, J H

1975-01-01

Six white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and six sheep were inoculated with metacercariae of Fasciola hepatica. Two animals of each species were given 100, 500 or 2500 metacercariae. One animal in each inocluated group was killed and examined at six weeks postinoculation and the remainder at 15 weeks postinoculation. At six weeks postinoculation the parietal surface of the livers from inoculated deer was covered with gray fibrous plaques and rust colored patches. Fibroplasia with mononuclear cell infiltration characterized Glisson's capsule on the parietal surface. Granulomas were found in the hepatic parenchyma and on the dorsal surface of the lung. Fresh and healing tracks were occasionally found in the liver. In the sheep fibrinous exudate and numerous subcapsular tracks were found on both surfaces of the liver. Inflammatory changes in portal areas and numerous fresh and healing tracks in the hepatic parenchyma were prominent features. At 15 weeks postinoculation inflammatory changes in Glisson's capsule of inoculated deer were less marked than at six weeks but portal fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium were more advanced. A zone of hemorrhage surrounded ducts that contained mature F. hepatica in one deer. The livers from the sheep were rough, pitted and covered with fibrous tags and adhesions to the diaphragm and greater omentum were common. Hemorrhagic tracks were common in the sheep given 500 and 2500 metacercariae. Portal fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct epithelium were seen in the sheep (100 metacercariae) that harbored mature F. hepatica. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. PMID:1125834

Ultrastructural localization of human HL-A membrane antigens by use of hybrid antibodies

PubMed Central

Neauport-Sautes, Catherine; Silvestre, Daniele; Niccolai, Marie-Gabrielle; Kourilsky, F. M.; Levy, J. P.

1972-01-01

The localization of HL-A histocompatibility antigens at the surface of human lymphocytes in electron microscopy has been studied using hybrid antibodies to bind electron-dense particles (ferritin and plant viruses) to anti-HL-A antibody. A discontinuous distribution of the markers is observed at the cell surface, which is identical with that described for H-2 antigens on mouse lymphocytes with the same technique. Double labelling experiments suggest that the areas of the cell surface where HL-A antigens are detected contain also the heterologous lymphocyte antigens detected by an anti-thymocyte serum and that HL-A antigens are not renewed at a detectable level during the period of the labelling procedure in the areas of the cell surface which are not labelled primarily with ferritin-anti-IgG-anti-HL-A complexes. The interpretation of the discontinuous labelling of HL-A antigens with direct immunoferritin techniques is discussed. ImagesFIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5 PMID:5063188

The pre-ulcerative phase of carrageenan-induced colonic ulceration in the guinea-pig.

PubMed Central

Marcus, S. N.; Marcus, A. J.; Marcus, R.; Ewen, S. W.; Watt, J.

1992-01-01

The pre-ulcerative phase of carrageenan-induced colonic ulceration was investigated in guinea-pigs supplied 3% degraded carrageenan as an aqueous solution as drinking fluid for 2 or 3 days during which no ulceration of the bowel was observed with the naked eye or dissecting microscope. Mucosal microscopic changes, from caecum to rectum, were multifocal and included cellular infiltrates, dilatation of glands, crypt abscesses, micro-ulcers and sulphated polysaccharide in the lamina propria. Sulphated polysaccharide was also demonstrated histologically for the first time within the surface epithelium and showed ultrastructural features similar to carrageenan. The results indicate that colonic epithelium in the guinea-pig is capable of macromolecular absorption. Carrageenan, a highly active polyanionic electrolyte, within the surface epithelial cells is most likely a primary factor in the breakdown of mucosal integrity. Macromolecular absorption causing enteropathy of the large bowel is a new pathophysiological concept which may have implications in man, particularly in the pathology of large bowel disease. Images Fig. 7 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:1356411

Carbon-11 radiolabeling of iron-oxide nanoparticles for dual-modality PET/MR imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharma, Ramesh; Xu, Youwen; Kim, Sung Won; Schueller, Michael J.; Alexoff, David; Smith, S. David; Wang, Wei; Schlyer, David

2013-07-01

Dual-modality imaging, using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) simultaneously, is a powerful tool to gain valuable information correlating structure with function in biomedicine. The advantage of this dual approach is that the strengths of one modality can balance the weaknesses of the other. However, success of this technique requires developing imaging probes suitable for both. Here, we report on the development of a nanoparticle labeling procedure via covalent bonding with carbon-11 PET isotope. Carbon-11 in the form of [11C]methyl iodide was used as a methylation agent to react with carboxylic acid (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional groups of ligands bound to the nanoparticles (NPs). The surface coating ligands present on superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) were radiolabeled to achieve dual-modality PET/MR imaging capabilities. The proof-of-concept dual-modality PET/MR imaging using the radiolabeled SPIO NPs was demonstrated in an in vivo experiment.Dual-modality imaging, using Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) simultaneously, is a powerful tool to gain valuable information correlating structure with function in biomedicine. The advantage of this dual approach is that the strengths of one modality can balance the weaknesses of the other. However, success of this technique requires developing imaging probes suitable for both. Here, we report on the development of a nanoparticle labeling procedure via covalent bonding with carbon-11 PET isotope. Carbon-11 in the form of [11C]methyl iodide was used as a methylation agent to react with carboxylic acid (-COOH) and amine (-NH2) functional groups of ligands bound to the nanoparticles (NPs). The surface coating ligands present on superparamagnetic iron-oxide nanoparticles (SPIO NPs) were radiolabeled to achieve dual-modality PET/MR imaging capabilities. The proof-of-concept dual-modality PET/MR imaging using the radiolabeled SPIO NPs was demonstrated in an in vivo experiment. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthesis and functionalization of NPs. Fig. S1, TEM data of NPs before labeling. Fig. S2, magnetization curve of iron-oxide NPs. Fig. S3, radioactivity measurements for 11C-labeled NPs. Fig. S4, TGA data of iron-oxide NPs. Fig. S5-S8, Radio-TLC chromatograms of 11C-labeled NPs. Fig. S9, radio-HPLC chromatograms of supernatant solutions from washing 11C-labeled NPs to check for impurities. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02519e

Tissue reactions under piezoelectric shockwave application for the fragmentation of biliary calculi.

PubMed Central

Ell, C; Kerzel, W; Heyder, N; Rödl, W; Langer, H; Mischke, U; Giedl, J; Domschke, W

1989-01-01

The tissue reactions that occurred during piezoelectric shockwaves for the fragmentation of biliary calculi were investigated in 10 surgically removed stone containing human gall bladders and in acute (six dogs) and chronic (six dogs) animal experiments. Before and after shockwave (500, 1500 or 3000) in the anaesthetised dogs, computed tomography (CT), magnetic imaging (MRI) and laboratory tests were done; treatment was carried out under continuous ultrasonographic control. Shockwave applications to the human gall bladders resulted in disintegration of the stones with no macroscopically or microscopically detectable tissue changes. In acute animal experiments, small haematomas were observed in all six animals at surfaces, but also inside the liver and gall bladder (max diameter 25 mm). Perforation or intra-abdominal or pleural bleeding did not occur. In chronic experiments, no macroscopic, and only slight microscopic residual lesions (haemosiderin deposits) were seen three weeks after shockwave. In almost all instances, the lesions were detected by CT, MRI, and ultrasonography, while laboratory tests were negative. Images Fig 1 Figs. 2-4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:2731762

Ion Movements in Cell Injury

PubMed Central

Saladino, Andrew J.; Hawkins, Hal K.; Trump, Benjamin F.

1971-01-01

The effects of a cationic detergent, cetyl pyridinium chloride (CPC), on toad bladder epithelium were studied by means of electrophysiologic and sodium-flux measurements, chemical analysis, time-lapse phase-contrast cinemicrography and electron microscopy. At 10-5 M, CPC caused a rapid loss of net sodium transport as reflected by the short-circuit current (SCC) but except for striking prominence of the glycocalyx, this dose caused no ultrastructural changes for at least 18 hours. Only a moderate decrease in resistance and increase in passive sodium flux were noted. At 10-4 M, CPC caused a transient 1 to 2-minute increase in the bladder's rate of oxygen consumption followed by a decrease, and a rapid decline in SCC, followed a few minute later by a decrease in resistance accompanied by a greatly increased passive leak to sodium. A sequence of ultrastructural changes typical of other forms of lethal cell injury progressed to extensive cellular disruption by 1 hour after treatment with 10-4 M CPC. In addition, unusual surface membrane changes were observed, consisting of extensive formation of vesicles and myelin figures at the cell surface. A significant fraction of the bladder's cholesterol content appeared in the incubation medium after 10-4 M CPC treatment. With 10-3 M CPC, a similar pattern of cellular degeneration proceeded much more rapidly, and in addition, the cellular remains reorganized into complex lamellar arrays resembling phospholipid crystalloids. The results are interpreted as indicating that in addition to inhibiting net sodium transport, CPC lethally injures cells by interfering with the function of the surface membrane as a permeability barrier, and in addition, leads to a drastic structural reorganization of membrane constituents. ImagesFig 9Fig 10Fig 1Fig 2Fig 11Fig 12Fig 13Fig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8Fig 14Fig 15Fig 16Fig 3Fig 4 PMID:4946878

Hurricane Ivan’s Impact Along the Northern Gulf of Mexico. Volume 86, Number 48

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-11-29

M e 17.91-meter-high waves at the same buoy East of the Chandeleur Island arc along southeastern Fig. 1. (a) MODIS nighttime sea surface temperature...MODIS image from 16 September (Fig- ure 2a) revealed a large mass of sediment flowing southward along the east side of the Chandeleur Islands and

Increased lectin binding capacity of trophoblastic cells of late day 5 rat blastocysts.

PubMed Central

Stein, B A; Shaw, T J; Turner, V F; Murphy, C R

1994-01-01

The binding of lectins to the trophoblast of rat blastocysts has been studied using quantitative ultrastructural cytochemistry. Rat blastocysts from early, mid and late d 5 of gestation were stained using biotinylated lectins (Phytolacca americana [Phy am], fucose binding protein [FBP] and soybean agglutinin [SBA]) and a sensitive avidin-ferritin cytochemical method. Electron micrographs of ferritin particles along the membrane were processed to produce images for which grey scale levels could be established and the ferritin particles automatically counted. The ferritin:membrane ratio was then calculated. Increased binding with Phy am (which detects short chain oligosaccharides) was found after midday of d 5, i.e. after hatching. Binding of FBP and SBA did not alter during the period studied. The increased concentration of oligosaccharides on the blastocyst surface membrane after hatching may have important implications for blastocyst attachment to the endometrium. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:7649802

The use of oxidation ditches for treatment of sewage for small communities*

PubMed Central

Baars, J. K.

1962-01-01

The system of prolonged aeration in an oxidation ditch permits the full treatment of sewage from small communities at the same proportionate cost as that of the conventional activated-sludge system for large communities. It must be considered an important means of abating surface-water pollution. The treatment may be continuous or discontinuous, depending on the local situation and the quantity of sewage to be purified. Several plants are at present in operation, ranging in capacity from 200 to 4000 population-equivalent. The system may be used not only for the purification of domestic sewage, but also for the treatment of wastes from dairies and other industrial activities, even when these contain phenols, thiocyanides or peak loads of cyanides. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 9FIG. 10 PMID:13863606

Monitoring of precursor landslide surface deformation using InSAR image in Kuchi-Sakamoto, Shizuoka Prefecture, Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, H. P.; Nakajima, H.; Nakano, T.; Daimaru, H.

2014-12-01

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) is the technique to obtain ground surface images using microwave that is emitted from and received on the antenna. The Kuchi-Sakamoto area, 2.2 km2 in precipitous mountains, central Japan, has suffered from frequent landslides, and slow landslide surface deformation has been monitored by on-site extensometer; however, such the monitoring method cannot detect the deformation in the whole area. Because satellite InSAR is effective tool to monitor slow landslide suface deformation, it is a promising tool for detecting precursor deformation and preparing effective measures against serious landslide disasters. In this study Advanced Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) / Phased Array type L-band SAR (PALSAR) data were used, and InSAR images were produced from the PALSAR data that were observed between 5 Sep 2008 and 21 Oct 2008 (from descending orbit) and between 20 Jul 2008 and 7 Sep 2009 (from ascending orbit). InSAR image from descending orbit was found to detect clear precursor landslide surface deformation on a slope; however, InSAR image on ascending orbit did not always detect clear precursor deformation. It is thought to be related with atmospheric moisture condition, length of observation baseline and so on. Furthermore, after phase unwrapping on InSAR images, 2.5-dimensional deformation was analized. This analysis needed both ascending and descending InSAR images and culculated quasi east-west deformation component (Figs. (a) and (b)) and quasi up-down deformation component (Figs. (c) and (d)). The resulting 2.5D calculation gave westward deformation and mixture of upward and downward deformations on the precursor landslide surface deformation slope (blue circles in Figs. (c) and (d)), where remarkable disrupted deep landslide occurred during Nov 2012 and 25 Jun 2013, judging from result of airborne LiDAR survey and field survey; the occurrence date is not precisely identified. The figure remains the issue that eliminating "real" precursor deformation from other candidate deformations. Preparation of this paper was supported by part of Individual Research Fund in College of Humanities and Sciences, Nihon University and part of Grants-in-Aid for Scientific Research, Challenging Exploratory (#25560185, Principal Investigator: Dr. Hiromu Daimaru).

Method and apparatus for holographic wavefront diagnostics

DOEpatents

Toeppen, J.S.

1995-04-25

A wavefront diagnostic apparatus has an optic and a measuring system. The optic forms a holographic image in response to a beam of light striking a hologram formed on a surface of the optic. The measuring system detects the position of the array of holographic images and compares the positions of the array of holographic images to a reference holographic image. 3 figs.

Forest abovegroundbiomass mapping using spaceborne stereo imagery acquired by Chinese ZY-3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, G.; Ni, W.; Zhang, Z.; Xiong, C.

2015-12-01

Besides LiDAR data, another valuable type of data which is also directly sensitive to forest vertical structures and more suitable for regional mapping of forest biomass is the stereo imagery or photogrammetry. Photogrammetry is the traditional technique for deriving terrain elevation. The elevation of the top of a tree canopy can be directly measured from stereo imagery but winter images are required to get the elevation of ground surface because stereo images are acquired by optical sensors which cannot penetrate dense forest canopies with leaf-on condition. Several spaceborne stereoscopic systems with higher spatial resolutions have been launched in the past several years. For example the Chinese satellite Zi Yuan 3 (ZY-3) specifically designed for the collection of stereo imagery with a resolution of 3.6 m for forward and backward views and 2.1 m for the nadir view was launched on January 9, 2012. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the spaceborne stereo imagery acquired in summer has good performance on the description of forest structures. The ground surface elevation could be extracted from spaceborne stereo imagery acquired in winter. This study mainly focused on assessing the mapping of forest biomass through the combination of spaceborne stereo imagery acquired in summer and those in winter. The test sites of this study located at Daxing AnlingMountains areas as shown in Fig.1. The Daxing Anling site is on the south border of boreal forest belonging to frigid-temperate zone coniferous forest vegetation The dominant tree species is Dhurian larch (Larix gmelinii). 10 scenes of ZY-3 stereo images are used in this study. 5 scenes were acquired on March 14,2012 while the other 5 scenes were acquired on September 7, 2012. Their spatial coverage is shown in Fig.2-a. Fig.2-b is the mosaic of nadir images acquired on 09/07/2012 while Fig.2-c is thecorresponding digital surface model (DSM) derived from stereo images acquired on 09/07/2012. Fig.2-d is the difference between the DSM derived from stereo imagery acquired on 09/07/2012 and the digital elevation model (DEM) from stereo imagery acquired on 03/14/2012.The detailed analysis will be given in the final report.

Dimeric arrangement and structure of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor studied by electron microscopy.

PubMed Central

Zingsheim, H P; Neugebauer, D C; Frank, J; Hänicke, W; Barrantes, F J

1982-01-01

The acetylcholine receptor protein (AChR) from the electric organ of Torpedo marmorata is studied in its membrane-bound form by electron microscopy and single-particle image averaging. About half the molecule protrudes from the membrane surface by approximately 5 nm. The low-resolution 3-D structure of this hydrated portion, including its handedness, can be deduced from averaged axial and lateral projections and from freeze-etched membrane surfaces. In native membrane fragments, a dimeric form of the AChR is observed and the relative orientation of the AChR monomers within the dimer is established. The dimers disappear upon disulfide reduction of the membrane preparations, whereas the average axial projections of the AChR monomer remain unaffected. Since the existence of disulfide bonds linking AChR monomers between their respective delta-subunits is well documented, the approximate position of the delta-subunit within the low-resolution structure of the AChR molecule can be deduced from the structure of the dimers. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. PMID:7188351

Does the nerve supply to both the superficial and deep surfaces of pectoralis major imply two separate developmental origins?

PubMed Central

Shinohara, H

1996-01-01

The nature of the nerve supply to the "pocket' of pectoralis major was examined on 7 randomly selected sides of 5 embalmed cadavers. The pocket was a U-shaped muscular fold, opening cranially. The anterior limb and inner surface of the fold were supplied by nerve branches that originated from the middle segment of the pectoral nerve loop and penetrated pectoralis minor. The outer surface of the posterior limb was supplied by one or two branches that extended from the caudal segment of the pectoral nerve loop. If the muscular U-shaped fold is unfolded, it becomes obvious that the posterior wall of the pocket forms the most caudal part of pectoralis major and is supplied from both the superficial (anterior) and deep (posterior) surfaces. This dual surface supply does not suggest any aspect of the developmental origin of the pocket but may simply be due to the relative positions of the pectoralis major and its nerve. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:8621324

Observations on the antibody-dependent cytotoxic cell by scanning electron microscopy.

PubMed Central

Inglis, J R; Penhale, W J; Farmer, A; Irvine, W J; Williams, A E

1975-01-01

The cytotoxic effect of human peripheral blood leucocytes on antibody-coated sheep erythrocyte monolayers has been investigated using scanning electron microscopy. Only a small proportion of leucocytes were found to adhere to the monolayers. A progressive destruction was observed beginning as small plaque-like areas of erythrocyte clearing which later became confluent. Three distinct cell types were found to be associated with the areas of lysis. No destruction was observed in control monolayers incubated for a similar period in the absence of either antibody of leucocytes. Surface changes in the erthrocytes adjacent to the leucocytes suggest that mechanical factors may be involved in erythrocyte lysis in this system. It is concluded that more than one leucocyte type may damage antibody-coated erythrocytes, possibly by a mechanism involving attachment to and mechanical disruption of the red cell membrane. Images FIG. 5 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 4 PMID:1191386

Borehole optical lateral displacement sensor

DOEpatents

Lewis, R.E.

1998-10-20

There is provided by this invention an optical displacement sensor that utilizes a reflective target connected to a surface to be monitored to reflect light from a light source such that the reflected light is received by a photoelectric transducer. The electric signal from the photoelectric transducer is then imputed into electronic circuitry to generate an electronic image of the target. The target`s image is monitored to determine the quantity and direction of any lateral displacement in the target`s image which represents lateral displacement in the surface being monitored. 4 figs.

Effect of Specimen Thickness on the Creep Response of a Ni-Based Single Crystal Superalloy (PREPRINT)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

unlimited 3.1.2. Fractography Figure 5: SEM images of a 3.18mm thick sheet specimen tested at 760◦C/758MPa. (a) The region near the fracture surface... fractography using secondary electron imaging (SE) in a scanning electron microscope (SEM). No surface oxidation was observed at this temperature. The...ruptured after 210 hours. 3.2.3. Fractography The SEM image of the reconstructed creep ruptured specimen with thickness h = 3.18mm is shown in Fig. 18a

3D digitization methods based on laser excitation and active triangulation: a comparison

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aubreton, Olivier; Mériaudeau, Fabrice; Truchetet, Frédéric

2016-04-01

3D reconstruction of surfaces is an important topic in computer vision and corresponds to a large field of applications: industrial inspection, reverse engineering, object recognition, biometry, archeology… Because of the large varieties of applications, one can find in the literature a lot of approaches which can be classified into two families: passive and active [1]. Certainly because of their reliability, active approaches, using imaging system with an additional controlled light source, seem to be the most commonly used in the industrial field. In this domain, the 3D digitization approach based on active 3D triangulation has had important developments during the last ten years [2] and seems to be mature today if considering the important number of systems proposed by manufacturers. Unfortunately, the performances of active 3D scanners depend on the optical properties of the surface to digitize. As an example, on Fig 1.a, a 3D shape with a diffuse surface has been digitized with Comet V scanner (Steinbichler). The 3D reconstruction is presented on Fig 1.b. The same experiment was carried out on a similar object (same shape) but presenting a specular surface (Fig 1.c and Fig 1.d) ; it can clearly be observed, that the specularity influences of the performance of the digitization.

Growth of Desulfovibrio on the Surface of Agar Media

PubMed Central

Iverson, Warren P.

1966-01-01

Growth of Desulfovibrio desulfuricans (API strain) was found to take place in an atmosphere of hydrogen on the agar surface of complex media, including yeast extract (Difco), and Trypticase Soy Agar (BBL) without any added reducing agents. For growth on a 2% yeast extract-agar surface in the absence of hydrogen (nitrogen atmosphere), sodium lactate was required in the medium. Growth on the surface of Trypticase Soy Agar (TSA) under nitrogen took place readily in the absence of an added hydrogen donor. A medium (TSA plus salts) is described based upon the addition of sodium lactate (4 ml per liter), magnesium sulfate (2 g per liter), and ferrous ammonium sulfate (0.05%) to TSA, which appears suitable for the isolation and growth of Desulfovibrio on the surface of agar plates in an atmosphere of hydrogen. Sodium lactate does not appear to be essential in this medium for good growth and sulfate reduction in a hydrogen atmosphere, but is essential in a nitrogen atmosphere. Growth of Desulfovibrio (hydrogen atmosphere) on the agar surface of media commonly used for its cultivation as well as on an inorganic medium containing bicarbonate as a source of carbon is poor and erratic unless inoculated (Desulfovibrio) plates of TSA plus salts are incubated in the same container with plates of these media. This stimulatory effect of incubation with inoculated plates of TSA plus salts medium appears to be due to as yet unidentified volatile material produced by D. desulfuricans when growing on this medium. Another volatile material, or possibly the identical material, appears to act similarly to a hydrogen donor. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:5955798

Ultrastructure of the hepatocytes in a vertebrate liver without bile ducts.

PubMed Central

Youson, J H; Sidon, E W; Peek, W D; Shivers, R R

1985-01-01

Thin sections and freeze fracture replicas were used to study the structure of the hepatocytes of the parasitic adult lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.). Despite the absence of bile ducts and bile canaliculi, the hepatocytes have some features which resemble those of cells in the livers of other vertebrates. Hepatocytes are characterised by large gap junctions, many cytoplasmic inclusions, and large deposits of iron. The latter is present throughout the cytoplasmic matrix and within large inclusion bodies which may arise through sequestration of parts of the cytoplasm by membrane isolation. There is no evidence for the involvement of hepatocytes in glucose metabolism but their fine structure reflects the production of bile products and the processing of lipoproteins. The accumulation of bile products within cytoplasmic inclusions resembles the situation resulting from biliary atresia or other cholestatic conditions in higher organisms. There is little folding of the plasma membrane facing the perivascular space (of Dissé), perhaps indicating limited involvement of this surface in the transport of bile products. Nerve endings in close apposition to hepatocytes suggest possible nervous control or metabolic function or the presence of sensory receptors in lamprey liver. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 PMID:2999046

The fibrous flexor sheaths of the fingers.

PubMed Central

Jones, M M; Amis, A A

1988-01-01

The structure of the digital fibrous flexor sheath was examined by dissection and histology. The presence of a specific system of named fibrous tissue bands, forming annular and cruciate pulleys, was noted confirming details which are well established in the surgical literature although not detailed by the anatomical texts. These pulleys were linked by thin parts of the sheath. When the inner aspect of the sheath was examined, it was found that it was not a continuous smooth surface, as depicted in both anatomical and surgical texts. The thin parts of the sheath often overlapped the free edges of the pulleys before attaching to their superficial aspects, so that the pulleys possessed free edges within the sheath. Forty eight cadaveric fingers were examined in order to determine the frequency of occurrence and sizes of these overlaps. The largest and most frequent overlap was found at the distal end of the A2 pulley (which attaches to the proximal phalanx). Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 7 (cont.) Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:3417546

The structure and innervation of the saccopleural membrane of the domestic fowl, Gallus gallus: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study.

PubMed Central

Cook, R D; Vaillant, C; King, A S

1987-01-01

Microscopic studies have shown the saccopleural membrane in the respiratory system of the domestic fowl to consist of a sheet of three dense layers of collagen fibres covered dorsally and ventrally by mainly simple squamous epithelium. On the ventral surface, which faces into the caudal thoracic air sac, there are occasional ridges of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium. Many nerve bundles are present throughout the membrane, the larger bundles of myelinated and unmyelinated axons being confined to the lamina propria under the dorsal epithelium (parietal pleura). In addition to axonal profiles with the ultrastructural appearance of cholinergic or adrenergic axons, peptidergic-type axons were identified. Immunofluorescence studies demonstrated VIP-, substance P-, somatostatin- and enkephalin-immunoreactive fibres in the membrane. Although it has been suggested that receptors may be present in this region of the respiratory system, none of the axons have features suggestive of sensory terminals, although many axonal profiles are closely associated with the epithelia where no obvious effector cells are present. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:3654325

Photoacoustic Imaging of Epilepsy

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

with the skin and skull intact. MCA, middle cerebral artery; RH, right hemispheres; LH, left hemispheres; LOB, left olfactory bulbs; ROB, Right...moving rat brain with skin and skull intact. (D) Open-skull photograph of the rat cortex surface after the PAT experiments The PAT detecting...22D shows a typical non-invasive PAT image obtained with the miniature PAT imaging system of a freely moving rat brain with skin and skull intact. Fig

The Harderian gland, its secretory duct and porphyrin content in the woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus).

PubMed Central

Johnston, H S; McGadey, J; Payne, A P; Thompson, G G; Moore, M R

1987-01-01

The Harderian gland of the woodmouse (Apodemus sylvaticus) consists of tubules lined by a single layer of epithelial cells with a surrounding layer of myoepithelial cells. The epithelium contains two cell types, one with numerous small, clear, lipid vacuoles (Type I), the other with large electron-dense ones (Type II). Each type is further subdivided into cells where the smooth endoplasmic reticulum exhibits pronounced vacuolation (Ia and IIa). The lipid vacuoles frequently coalesce and are released by exocytosis. They possess a multilamellar cap; similar multilamellar whorls (without a vacuole) are also seen. Polytubular complexes are a feature of Type II cells; tubules are in continuity with the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Peroxisomes are also present. Fenestrated capillaries occur frequently in the interstitium, and (where no myoepithelial cell intervenes) the basal surface of the gland epithelial cell is covered with microvilli. There is no morphologically distinct duct system within the gland. The extraglandular duct is lined by columnar epithelium except at the opening on to the nictitating membrane where there is stratified squamous epithelium, with melanocytes and nests of mucus-secreting cells. The porphyrin content of the gland is low and solid intraluminal deposits are not seen. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 PMID:3429316

A high resolution study of the glycocalyx of rat uterine epithelial cells during early pregnancy with the field emission gun scanning electron microscope.

PubMed Central

Jones, B J; Murphy, C R

1994-01-01

The field emission gun scanning electron microscope has been used to investigate morphological changes at the macromolecular level in the glycocalyx of rat uterine luminal epithelial cells during early pregnancy. This very high resolution microscope has allowed visualisation at a level previously unobtainable and has enabled us to establish that dramatic alterations occur in this glycocalyx at the time of blastocyst attachment. On d 1 of pregnancy a prominent, filamentous glycocalyx radiates from the microvilli. However, by d 6 of pregnancy when the microvilli have been replaced by irregular cell surface protrusions, the glycocalyceal filaments are completely lost and the plasma membrane appears smooth and covered with a felt-like coating. These morphological observations suggest a major reorganisation in surface carbohydrates during early pregnancy and extend histochemical observations on the uterine epithelial glycocalyx. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Figs. 3 and 4 PMID:7961152

The structure of cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin. Insights into the molecular mechanism of Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion.

PubMed Central

Ringwald, M; Schuh, R; Vestweber, D; Eistetter, H; Lottspeich, F; Engel, J; Dölz, R; Jähnig, F; Epplen, J; Mayer, S

1987-01-01

We have determined the amino acid sequence of the Ca2+-dependent cell adhesion molecule uvomorulin as it appears on the cell surface. The extracellular part of the molecule exhibits three internally repeated domains of 112 residues which are most likely generated by gene duplication. Each of the repeated domains contains two highly conserved units which could represent putative Ca2+-binding sites. Secondary structure predictions suggest that the putative Ca2+-binding units are located in external loops at the surface of the protein. The protein sequence exhibits a single membrane-spanning region and a cytoplasmic domain. Sequence comparison reveals extensive homology to the chicken L-CAM. Both uvomorulin and L-CAM are identical in 65% of their entire amino acid sequence suggesting a common origin for both CAMs. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 4. Fig. 7. PMID:3501370

Real time automated inspection

DOEpatents

Fant, K.M.; Fundakowski, R.A.; Levitt, T.S.; Overland, J.E.; Suresh, B.R.; Ulrich, F.W.

1985-05-21

A method and apparatus are described relating to the real time automatic detection and classification of characteristic type surface imperfections occurring on the surfaces of material of interest such as moving hot metal slabs produced by a continuous steel caster. A data camera transversely scans continuous lines of such a surface to sense light intensities of scanned pixels and generates corresponding voltage values. The voltage values are converted to corresponding digital values to form a digital image of the surface which is subsequently processed to form an edge-enhanced image having scan lines characterized by intervals corresponding to the edges of the image. The edge-enhanced image is thresholded to segment out the edges and objects formed by the edges by interval matching and bin tracking. Features of the objects are derived and such features are utilized to classify the objects into characteristic type surface imperfections. 43 figs.

Lymphocytic gastritis: a newly described entity: a retrospective endoscopic and histological study.

PubMed Central

Haot, J; Hamichi, L; Wallez, L; Mainguet, P

1988-01-01

Lymphocytic gastritis is a histopathological entity characterised by the accumulation of small lymphocytes in the surface and foveolar epithelium. In order to investigate the correlation between endoscopy and histology in this condition, 192 observations selected on the basis of a presumed diagnosis of erosive or varioliform gastritis were reviewed. Ninety two instances corresponded to lymphocytic gastritis, while 100 did not show any particular microscopic feature and were labelled non-specific gastritis. There was a good correlation (48 of 58) between the diagnosis of the so-called varioliform gastritis and the histological evidence of lymphocytic gastritis. The correlation was even better when nodules, erosions, and enlarged folds were considered. Lymphocytic gastritis has a typical endoscopical appearance consisting of nodules, erosions, and large folds predominating in the gastric body. This contrasts with non-specific gastritis, which affects the antrum and produces erosions on a flat mucosa. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:3198002

Light chain typing of immunoglobulins in small samples of biological material

PubMed Central

Rádl, J.

1970-01-01

A method is described for the typing of the light chains of immunoglobulins in small samples of sera or external secretions and without their previous isolation. It consists of immunoelectrophoresis in agar plates which contain specific antisera against one of the light chain types. All immunoglobulins of this type are thus selected by precipitation in the central area during the electrophoretic phase. Immunoglobulins of the opposite light chain type diffuse through the agar and react with the class specific antisera from the troughs. This results in the precipitin lines as in conventional immunoelectrophoresis. This technique has proved most useful for typing heterogenous or homogeneous immunoglobulins in normal and low concentration. The antisera used for incorporation in the agar should fulfil special requirements. They should contain a high level of antibodies against common surface determinants of the immunoglobulin light chains. The further possibilities of this immunoselection technique for typing different protein mixtures is discussed. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:4098592

The histology of tendon attachments to bone in man.

PubMed Central

Benjamin, M; Evans, E J; Copp, L

1986-01-01

Based on a parallel study of a wide range of human tendons from embalmed dissecting room subjects and from a study of dried bones, an explanation is offered for the well known similarity in gross appearance between the markings left by certain tendons (e.g. those of the rotator cuff) and by articular surfaces on dried bones. Epiphyseal tendons leave markings on bones that look like those left by articular surfaces. These tendons have a prominent zone of fibrocartilage at their attachment site and the deepest part of this is calcified, just as the deepest part of articular hyaline cartilage is calcified. After maceration of the soft tissues, the calcified (fibro) cartilage is left attached to the bone at articular surfaces and at the sites of tendon attachment. In all cases, the tissues separate at the basophilic tidemark between the calcified and uncalcified regions. This tidemark is smooth where there is much overlying uncalcified (fibro) cartilage and it is the smoothness that gives the typical appearance of the dried bone. Blood vessels do not generally traverse the tendon fibrocartilage plugs. Hence the areas are devoid of vascular foramina. The functional significance of tendon fibrocartilage is discussed with particular reference to supraspinatus. It is suggested that the uncalcified fibrocartilage ensures that the tendon fibres do not bend, splay out or become compressed at a hard tissue interface, and are thereby offered some protection from wear and tear. It is also suggested that the fibrocartilage plug of supraspinatus prevents the tendon from rubbing on the head of the humerus. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:3693113

Examination of Scanning Electron Microscope and Computed Tomography Images of PICA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawson, John W.; Stackpoole, Margaret M.; Shklover, Valery

2010-01-01

Micrographs of PICA (Phenolic Impregnated Carbon Ablator) taken using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and 3D images taken with a Computed Tomography (CT) system are examined. PICA is a carbon fiber based composite (Fiberform ) with a phenolic polymer matrix. The micrographs are taken at different surface depths and at different magnifications in a sample after arc jet testing and show different levels of oxidative removal of the charred matrix (Figs 1 though 13). CT scans, courtesy of Xradia, Inc. of Concord CA, were captured for samples of virgin PICA, charred PICA and raw Fiberform (Fig. 14). We use these images to calculate the thermal conductivity (TC) of these materials using correlation function (CF) methods. CF methods give a mathematical description of how one material is embedded in another and is thus ideally suited for modeling composites like PICA. We will evaluate how the TC of the materials changes as a function of surface depth. This work is in collaboration with ETH-Zurich, which has expertise in high temperature materials and TC modeling (including CF methods).

Stereo View of Martian Rock Target 'Funzie'

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-08

The surface of the Martian rock target in this stereo image includes small hollows with a "swallowtail" shape characteristic of some gypsum crystals, most evident in the lower left quadrant. These hollows may have resulted from the original crystallizing mineral subsequently dissolving away. The view appears three-dimensional when seen through blue-red glasses with the red lens on the left. The scene spans about 2.5 inches (6.5 centimeters). This rock target, called "Funzie," is near the southern, uphill edge of "Vera Rubin Ridge" on lower Mount Sharp. The stereo view combines two images taken from slightly different angles by the Mars Hand Lens Imager (MAHLI) camera on NASA's Curiosity Mars rover, with the camera about 4 inches (10 centimeters) above the target. Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 are the separate "right-eye" and "left-eye" images, taken on Jan. 11, 2018, during the 1,932nd Martian day, or sol, of the rover's work on Mars. Right-eye and left-eye images are available at https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA22212

Pacesetters of the American image or (a case for a pleasant diversion).

PubMed Central

Hook, E. W.

1992-01-01

Regardless of how you resolve the morality of our history, the fact is that Currier and Ives documented in their own special and often biased way the iconography of the growth and development of the United States of America (Fig. 88) in some of the most eventful years of its history from about 1840 through 1895. Now, as we near our 500th anniversary commemoration of Columbus' voyage to the Americas, it seems especially appropriate to review--to think about all of this. I think you have sensed, as we have gone along, that learning about Currier and his colleagues--these pacesetters of the American Image--has meant, as Osler predicted, a pleasant diversion for me. These activities have carried me into new areas of interest, expanding my perspective of the American Image--of people, of medicine, of life in general, and aiding in the identification of values, my own, as well as those of others. All along, my knowledge has been enhanced, especially of the history of this wonderful complex country of ours. Furthermore, and of considerable importance, this endeavor has sharpened my power of observation. I have, like a good doctor should do, learned to look better! Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 19 Fig. 18 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 23 Fig. 25 Fig. 27 Fig. 26 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32 Fig. 33 Fig. 34 Fig. 35 Fig. 36 Fig. 37 Fig. 39 Fig. 40 Fig. 41 Fig. 42 Fig. 43 Fig. 44 Fig. 45 Fig. 46 Fig. 47 Fig. 48 Fig. 49 Fig. 50 Fig. 51 Fig. 52 Fig. 53 Fig. 54 Fig. 55 Fig. 56 Fig. 57 Fig. 58 Fig. 59 Fig. 60 Fig. 61 Fig. 62 Fig. 63 Fig. 64 Fig. 65 Fig. 66 Fig. 68 Fig. 67 Fig. 69 Fig. 70 Fig. 71 Fig. 72 Fig. 73 Fig. 74 Fig. 75 Fig. 76 Fig. 77 Fig. 78 Fig. 79 Fig. 80 Fig. 82 Fig. 81 Fig. 83 Fig. 84 Fig. 85 Fig. 86 Fig. 87 Fig. 88 PMID:1413369

The role of lung imaging in pulmonary embolism

PubMed Central

Mishkin, Fred S.; Johnson, Philip M.

1973-01-01

The advantages of lung scanning in suspected pulmonary embolism are its diagnostic sensitivity, simplicity and safety. The ability to delineate regional pulmonary ischaemia, to quantitate its extent and to follow its response to therapy provides valuable clinical data available by no other simple means. The negative scan effectively excludes pulmonary embolism but, although certain of its features favour the diagnosis of embolism, the positive scan inherently lacks specificity and requires angiographic confirmation when embolectomy, caval plication or infusion of a thrombolytic agent are contemplated. The addition of simple ventilation imaging techniques with radioxenon overcomes this limitation by providing accurate analog estimation or digital quantitation of regional ventilation: perfusion (V/Q) ratios fundamental to understanding the pathophysiologic consequences of embolism and other diseases of the lung. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7p495-bFig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13 PMID:4602128

Analysis of airborne MAIS imaging spectrometric data for mineral exploration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang Jinnian; Zheng Lanfen; Tong Qingxi

1996-11-01

The high spectral resolution imaging spectrometric system made quantitative analysis and mapping of surface composition possible. The key issue will be the quantitative approach for analysis of surface parameters for imaging spectrometer data. This paper describes the methods and the stages of quantitative analysis. (1) Extracting surface reflectance from imaging spectrometer image. Lab. and inflight field measurements are conducted for calibration of imaging spectrometer data, and the atmospheric correction has also been used to obtain ground reflectance by using empirical line method and radiation transfer modeling. (2) Determining quantitative relationship between absorption band parameters from the imaging spectrometer data andmore » chemical composition of minerals. (3) Spectral comparison between the spectra of spectral library and the spectra derived from the imagery. The wavelet analysis-based spectrum-matching techniques for quantitative analysis of imaging spectrometer data has beer, developed. Airborne MAIS imaging spectrometer data were used for analysis and the analysis results have been applied to the mineral and petroleum exploration in Tarim Basin area china. 8 refs., 8 figs.« less

A New-Type of Long-Range Restructuring of Ordered Metal Surfaces Induced by Lateral Adsorbate Interactions: Iodide on AU(110) Electrodes

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-02-01

separated by monoatomic steps. The direction of the (110) gold rows is evident in the atomic- resolution image of a uniform terrace, shown in Fig. 2A...distinguish between the average surface energy of a gold atom within a (110) terrace and at a monoatomic step (edge) site. The difference between these...having (3 x 2) symmetry (coverage - 0.67), is imaged instead of the substrate, with the iodide arranged in parallel close-packed rows in between the gold

The ocular lesions of naturally occurring lymphocystis in fish.

PubMed Central

Dukes, T W; Lawler, A R

1975-01-01

Six cases of ocular lymphocystis, a virus disease, are described. Lymphocystis is generally known as a benigh, unique, giant cell disease of fishes causing nodules on the skin and fins. It has been studied extensively because of the virus-host cell relationship that results in extreme size and lack of quick cellular destruction or stimulation to neoplasia. Lymphocystis cells were found behind or in one or both eyes and were also found on the cornea or adjacent skin surfaces. A retrobulbar mass produced extreme exophthalmos. Uveal (choroid and iris) masses were present in most cases. Optic nerve involvement was also seen. It is probable that the virus reached the eye by the blood with the resulting masses forming in situ rather than by direct extension from skin lesions. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. PMID:1175076

Field tests on the residual effectiveness of deposits of malathion and Bayer 29493 against resistant Anopheles albimanus in El Salvador*

PubMed Central

Schoof, H. F.; Mathis, Willis; Austin, J. R.

1961-01-01

The appearance of resistance to both dieldrin and DDT in several malaria vectors has intensified investigations on the potential of organophosphorus compounds for residual application. This report describes the final year's activities of a three-year study on malathion. Water-wettable formulations of malathion and of Bayer 29493 were evaluated against DDT/dieldrin-resistant Anopheles albimanus in El Salvador. The results indicate that neither compound at a dosage of 0.5 g/m2 offers any promise as a residual agent. At dosages of 1.0 g/m2 or 2.0 g/m2 the two toxicants gave effective kills (70%-100%) for periods of 21/2-3 months, based on 1-hour exposure to the treated surfaces. Up to 3 months, both compounds gave similar levels of effectiveness on wood, thatch, and mud. On whitewash and plaster surfaces, Bayer 29493 was superior to malathion. The findings indicate that each insecticide has considerable potential value for residual treatment in areas where the malaria vector cannot be killed effectively by either DDT or dieldrin. In such areas, further investigation into their utility as replacements for the chlorinated hydrocarbon insecticides is warranted. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5 PMID:13748489

Magnetic resonance imaging of semicircular canals.

PubMed Central

Sbarbati, A; Leclercq, F; Zancanaro, C; Antonakis, K

1992-01-01

The present paper reports the results of the first investigation of the semicircular canals in a living, small animal by means of high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging. This procedure is noninvasive and allows identification of the endolymphatic and perilymphatic spaces yielding a morphology quite consistent with direct anatomical examination. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:1506290

Nonspecific esterase reaction in hyperplastic urinary bladder epithelium induced by administration of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine, freezing and formalin instillation in rats.

PubMed Central

Akagi, A.; Otsuka, H.

1988-01-01

Chronological changes in nonspecific esterase (NSE) activity in hyperplasia of the bladder mucosa in Wistar rats induced by the administration of 0.05% N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxybutyl)nitrosamine (BBN) in their drinking water for up to 20 weeks and in reversible regenerative hyperplasia by freeze ulceration and 20% formalin instillation in the bladder were compared. In regenerative hyperplasia foci with strong NSE activity could not be proved throughout the experimental period, while the foci were detected in hyperplastic epithelium induced by BBN treatment for more than 3 weeks. The focus of NSE high activity persisted for 56 weeks after withdrawal of the carcinogen and the focus or area with the same NSE reaction appeared in papilloma and transitional cell carcinoma seen in weeks 7 to 20 of BBN treatment. The appearance of focal strong activity of NSE seemed to be a promising marker for the precursor lesions of bladder tumors. Short uniform, pleomorphic microvilli were observed on the cell surface of preneoplastic and carcinomatous lesions by BBN as well as on that of regenerative hyperplasia after freeze ulceration and formalin instillation. Images Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 PMID:3390388

An ultrastructural study of the tracheal epithelium of the guinea-pig with special reference to the ciliary structure.

PubMed Central

Dalen, H

1983-01-01

The ultrastructure of the normal guinea-pig tracheal mucosa has been characterised by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The pseudostratified epithelium was composed of basal cells, goblet cells, ciliated cells and intermediate cells. Interepithelial granulocytes and lymphocytes were occasionally seen. Regional variations in the distribution of goblet cells and ciliated cells were noted, and the continual turnover of the epithelial cells was manifested in the findings of proliferating, differentiating and exfoliating cells. The function of the numerous microvilli extending into the lumen remains unknown, although the bundles of actin filaments in their core and the anionic properties of their surface suggest a dual function, as motile processes and as sites of re-absorption of excess fluid. Numerous microtubules criss-cross the apex of the ciliated cell. It is suggested that they are an integrated part of the cytoskeleton and/or are involved in some kind of intracytoplasmic transport. Other microtubules are attached to the basal feet and penetrate deep into the cytoplasm; their function has yet to be elucidated. A possible role may be that they, alone or in conjunction with the microfilaments (actin) of the cell cytoplasm, constitute a contractile mechanism responsible for the synchronous beating of the cilia in a given cell. Only in rare cases have the basal bodies developed striated rootlets. Morphological evidence from the current study, that the ciliary crown is in physical contact with the superficial mucus layer, supports the hypothesis that this structure serves as a special device for pushing the mucus forward. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Figs. 5-6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Figs. 14-15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Figs. 25-26 Fig. 27 Figs. 28-29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Figs. 32-33 Fig. 34 Fig. 35 PMID:6833121

Aplanatic and quasi-aplanatic diffraction gratings

DOEpatents

Hettrick, M.C.

1987-09-14

A reflection diffraction grating having a series of transverse minute grooves of progressively varying spacing along a concave surface enables use of such gratings for x-ray or longer wavelength imaging of objects. The variable groove spacing establishes aplanatism or substantially uniform magnetification across the optical aperture. The grating may be sued, for example, in x-ray microscopes or telescopes of the imaging type and in x-ray microprobed. Increased spatial resolution and field of view may be realized in x-ray imaging. 5 figs.

An image-processing software package: UU and Fig for optical metrology applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Lujie

2013-06-01

Modern optical metrology applications are largely supported by computational methods, such as phase shifting [1], Fourier Transform [2], digital image correlation [3], camera calibration [4], etc, in which image processing is a critical and indispensable component. While it is not too difficult to obtain a wide variety of image-processing programs from the internet; few are catered for the relatively special area of optical metrology. This paper introduces an image-processing software package: UU (data processing) and Fig (data rendering) that incorporates many useful functions to process optical metrological data. The cross-platform programs UU and Fig are developed based on wxWidgets. At the time of writing, it has been tested on Windows, Linux and Mac OS. The userinterface is designed to offer precise control of the underline processing procedures in a scientific manner. The data input/output mechanism is designed to accommodate diverse file formats and to facilitate the interaction with other independent programs. In terms of robustness, although the software was initially developed for personal use, it is comparably stable and accurate to most of the commercial software of similar nature. In addition to functions for optical metrology, the software package has a rich collection of useful tools in the following areas: real-time image streaming from USB and GigE cameras, computational geometry, computer vision, fitting of data, 3D image processing, vector image processing, precision device control (rotary stage, PZT stage, etc), point cloud to surface reconstruction, volume rendering, batch processing, etc. The software package is currently used in a number of universities for teaching and research.

The Reflexes of the Fundus Oculi

PubMed Central

Ballantyne, A. J.

1940-01-01

The fundus reflexes reveal, in a manner not yet completely understood, the texture and contour of the reflecting surfaces and the condition of the underlying tissues. In this way they may play an important part in the biomicroscopy of the eye. The physiological reflexes are seen at their best in the eyes of young subjects, in well-pigmented eyes, with undilated pupils and with emmetropic refraction. Their absence during the first two decades, or their presence after the forties, their occurrence in one eye only, their appearance, disappearance or change of character should suggest the possibility of some pathological state. The investigation and interpretation of the reflexes are notably assisted by comparing the appearances seen with long and short wave lights such as those of the sodium and mercury vapour lamps, in addition to the usual ophthalmoscopic lights. Most of the surface reflexes disappear in the light of the sodium lamp, sometimes revealing important changes in the deeper layers of the retina and choroid. The physiological reflexes, chiefly formed on the surface of the internal limiting membrane, take the forms of the familiar watered silk or patchy reflexes, the peri-macular halo, the fan reflex in the macular depression and the reflex from the foveal pit. The watered silk or patchy reflexes often show a delicate striation which follows the pattern of the nerve-fibre layer, or there may be a granular or criss-cross texture. Reflexes which entirely lack these indications of “texture” should be considered as possibly pathological. This applies to the “beaten metal” reflexes and to those formed on the so-called hyaloid membrane. The occurrence of physiological reflexes in linear form is doubtful, and the only admittedly physiological punctate reflexes are the so-called Gunn's dots. Surface reflexes which are broken up into small points or flakes are pathological, and are most frequently seen in the central area of the fundus in cases of pigmentary degeneration of the retina or after the subsidence of severe retinitis or retino-choroiditis. A mirror reflex from the layer of pigmented epithelium or from the external limiting membrane is sometimes recognizable in normal eyes, especially in the brunette fundus. In such, it forms the background to a striking picture of the fine circumfoveal vessels. Pathological reflexes from the level of the pigmented epithelium or of the external limiting membrane are also observed, and these often present a granular, frosted or crystalline appearance. They may indicate a senile change, or result from trauma or from retino-choroidal degeneraion. Somewhat similar reflexes may sometimes be present as small frosted patches anterior to the retinal vessels. Linear sinuous, whether appearing in annular form, as straight needles, as broader single sinuous lines, as the tapering, branched double reflexes of Vogt, or in association with traction or pressure folds, in the retina, are probably always pathological. By the use of selected light of long and short wave lengths, it can be shown that intraretinal or true retinal folds may exist with or without the surface reflexes which indicate a corresponding folding of the internal limiting membrane. On the other hand, superficial linear reflexes of various types may occur without evidence of retinal folding. Annular reflexes usually accompany a rounded elevation of the retina due to tumour, hæmorrhage or exudate, but may indicate the presence of rounded depressions; traction folds occur where there is choroido-retinal scarring, or in association with macular hole or cystic degeneraion at the macula; pressure folds in cases of orbital cyst, abscess or neoplasm; and the other linear reflexes in association with papillo-retinal œdema, for example, in retrobulbar neuritis, in hypertensive neuro-retinitis, in contusio bulbi and in anterior uveitis. Punctate reflexes, other than Gunn's dots, are also pathological. They may occur as one variety of “fragmented” surface reflexes, or as evidence of the presence of some highly refractile substance, such as cholesterin or calcium carbonate, in a retinal exudate or other lesion. It is characteristic of the pathological reflexes that they come and go and change their character according to the progress of the pathological condition. The linear reflexes in particular may change from one from to another, and may be finally transformed into surface reflexes of physiological character. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24Fig. 25Fig. 26 PMID:19992307

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots 1

PubMed Central

Sliwinski, Julianne E.; Salisbury, Frank B.

1984-01-01

Cross and longitudinal sections were prepared for light microscopy from vertical control plants (Xanthium strumarium L. Chicago strain), free-bending horizontal stems, plants restrained 48 hours in a horizontal position, and plants restrained 48 hours and then released, bending immediately about 130°. Top cells of free-bending stems shrink or elongate little; bottom cells continue to elongate. In restrained stems, bottom cells elongate some and increase in diameter; top cells elongate about as much but decrease in diameter. Upon release, bottom cells elongate more and decrease in diameter, while top cells shorten and increase in diameter, accounting for the bend. During restraint, bottom cells take up water while tissue pressures increase; top cells fail to take up water although tissue pressures are decreasing. Settling of amyloplasts was observed in cells of the starch sheath. Removal of different amounts of stem (Xanthium; Lycopersicon esculentum Miller, cv Bonny Best; Ricinus communis L. cv Yolo Wonder) showed that perception of gravity occurs in the bending (elongation) zone, although bending of fourth and fifth internodes from the top was less than in uncut controls. Uniform application of 1% indoleacetic acid in lanolin to cut stem surfaces partially restored bending. Reversing the gradient in tension/compression in horizontal stems (top under compression, bottom under tension) did not affect gravitropic bending. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 PMID:16663939

Magnetic resonance imaging of the saccular otolithic mass.

PubMed Central

Sbarbati, A; Leclercq, F; Antonakis, K; Osculati, F

1992-01-01

The frog's inner ear was studied in vivo by high spatial resolution magnetic resonance imaging at 7 Tesla. The vestibule, the internal acoustic meatus, and the auditory tube have been identified. The large otolithic mass contained in the vestibule showed a virtual absence of magnetic resonance signal probably due to its composition of closely packed otoconia. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 5 PMID:1295875

Landsat imagery: a unique resource

USGS Publications Warehouse

Miller, H.; Sexton, N.; Koontz, L.

2011-01-01

Landsat satellites provide high-quality, multi-spectral imagery of the surface of the Earth. These moderate-resolution, remotely sensed images are not just pictures, but contain many layers of data collected at different points along the visible and invisible light spectrum. These data can be manipulated to reveal what the Earth’s surface looks like, including what types of vegetation are present or how a natural disaster has impacted an area (Fig. 1).

Histological studies on the triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist.

PubMed Central

Benjamin, M; Evans, E J; Pemberton, D J

1990-01-01

The triangular fibrocartilage complex of the wrist was serially sectioned for routine histology. Results from eight dissecting room cadavers show that the complex is attached to hyaline cartilage on the radius via its articular disc. In contrast, the dorsal and volar radio-ulnar ligaments attach to the radius via zones of calcified and uncalcified fibrocartilage. The articular disc is thus a wide labrum that provides an articular surface for the ulna and for the carpal bones, and the radio-ulnar ligaments strengthen the attachment of the disc to the radius. Medially, the complex divides into upper and lower laminae. Arching strands of collagen fibres emerge from the upper lamina and pass through a region of highly vascular connective tissue to be attached to the ulna between the articular cartilage on the head and that at the tip of the styloid process. Much of the ulnar attachment is via zones of calcified and uncalcified fibrocartilage which blend with the adjacent articular cartilages. Such an arrangement of tissues prevents undue wear and tear at the ulnar attachment zone during pronation and supination of the forearm. The lower lamina blends with the sheath of extensor carpi ulnaris and the ulnar collateral ligament and allows the whole complex to attach to the carpal and metacarpal bones. The meniscus homologue is a region of dense irregular connective tissue with no independent histological identity. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 PMID:2272909

Translation and assembly of HLA-DR antigens in Xenopus oocytes injected with mRNA from a human B-cell line.

PubMed Central

Long, E O; Gross, N; Wake, C T; Mach, J P; Carrel, S; Accolla, R; Mach, B

1982-01-01

HLA-DR antigens are polymorphic cell surface glycoproteins, expressed primarily in B lymphocytes and macrophages, which are thought to play an important role in the immune response. Two polypeptide chains, alpha and beta, are associated at the cell surface, and a third chain associates with alpha and beta intracellularly. RNA isolated from the human B-cell line Raji was injected in Xenopus laevis oocytes. Immunoprecipitates of translation products with several monoclonal antibodies revealed the presence of HLA-DR antigens similar to those synthesized in Raji cells. One monoclonal antibody was able to bind the beta chain after dissociation of the three polypeptide chains with detergent. The presence of all three chains was confirmed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The glycosylation pattern of the three chains was identical to that observed in vivo, as evidenced in studies using tunicamycin, an inhibitor of N-linked glycosylation. The presence of alpha chains assembled with beta chains in equimolar ratio was further demonstrated by amino-terminal sequencing. An RNA fraction enriched for the three mRNAs, encoding alpha, beta, and intracellular chains, was isolated. This translation-assembly system and the availability of monoclonal antibodies make it possible to assay for mRNA encoding specific molecules among the multiple human Ia-like antigens. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. PMID:6821356

Cardiovascular applications of magnetic resonance imaging

PubMed Central

Pflugfelder, Peter W.; Wisenberg, Gerald; Prato, Frank S.

1985-01-01

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a unique imaging modality that is gaining rapid acceptance for a variety of medical indications. Diagnostic information is obtained noninvasively, without the potential hazards of ionizing radiation. The spatial resolution and anatomic detail of MR imaging rival those of other currently available imaging methods. By gating to an electrocardiographic signal cardiac imaging is possible. Since March 1983 the authors have had experience with cardiac MR imaging in both animals and humans. Cardiac anatomy is well shown by this technique, which allows detection and characterization of intracardiac masses, congenital heart disease and anomalies of the great vessels. Myocardial infarction has been detected in both animals and humans without the use of contrast agents, and acute cardiac transplant rejection has been visualized in an animal model. Limitations of MR imaging primarily have been lengthy imaging times and the sensitivity of the images to motion. With further investigation and experience this technique may become useful for studying a wide variety of cardiovascular disorders. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:3904969

The harderian gland: a tercentennial review.

PubMed Central

Payne, A P

1994-01-01

The harderian gland was first described in 1694 by Johann Jacob Harder (1656-1711). It occurs in most terrestrial vertebrates and is located within the orbit where, in some species, it is the largest structure. It may be compound tubular or compound tubuloalveolar, and its secretory duct is usually morphologically distinct only after leaving the substance of the gland to open on the surface of the nictitating membrane. The tubules of the gland are formed of a single layer of columnar epithelial cells surrounded by myoepithelial cells. The chief product(s) of the gland varies between different groups of vertebrates, and epithelial cells possess granules or vacuoles whose contents may be mucous, serous or lipid. In rodents, the gland synthesises lipids, porphyrins and indoles. In the case of lipid vacuoles, the gland is unusual in releasing these by an exocytotic mechanism. It is unclear whether the gland can act both as an exocrine and endocrine organ. There is control of gland structure and synthesis through a variety of humoral agents, including gonadal, thyroid and pituitary hormones; in addition there is a rich autonomic innervation and many neuropeptides have been identified. The proposed functions of the gland are remarkably diverse and include the gland being (1) a source of 'saliva', (2) a site of immune response, (3) a photoprotective organ, (4) part of a retinal-pineal axis, (5) a source of pheromones, (6) a source of thermoregulatory lipids, (7) a site of osmoregulation, and (8) a source of growth factors. The gland is discussed in terms of its embryology and phylogeny, and in relation to ecological variables. Several goals of future research are identified. Images Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32 Fig. 36 Fig. 37 Fig. 38 Fig. 40 PMID:7559104

The adjuvant activity of aliphatic nitrogenous bases

PubMed Central

Gall, D.

1966-01-01

By the use of diphtheria toxoid in guinea-pigs, high adjuvant activity has been found in a number of aliphatic nitrogenous bases including amines, quaternary ammonium compounds, guanidines, benzamidines and thiouroniums. Activity appears to depend on a combination of basicity and a long aliphatic chain of twelve or more carbon atoms. Such adjuvants tend to be haemolytic, and cause damage to tissue culture monolayers. It is suggested that their activity is connected with their surface activity and hence their ability to alter cell membranes, but that the basicity plays a further as yet undetermined role. ImagesFIG. 1-2FIG. 3-4 PMID:5924622

Maintenance of Air in Intercellular Spaces of Plants

PubMed Central

Woolley, Joseph T.

1983-01-01

Although air-filled intercellular spaces are necessary and ubiquitous in higher plants, little attention has been paid to the possible mechanisms by which these spaces are kept from being flooded. The most likely mechanism is that the living plant cell may maintain a hydrophobic monolayer on the surfaces of adjacent intercellular spaces. The existence of `apparent free space' in cell walls and the fact that detergent solutions do not enter the intercellular spaces argue against this hypothesis. It is concluded that the mechanism by which these important air spaces are maintained is still unknown. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:16663150

Ultra-Sensitive Biological Detection via Nanoparticle-Based Magnetically Amplified Surface Plasmon Resonance (Mag-SPR) Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-08

of reactant to ferrocene and xylene, a liquid carbon source, results in longer nanostructures in larger amount as shown in Fig. 2(g). These samples...with 6.5 mol% ferrocene and 100 mol% xylene. The flow rate was (e) 0.195 ml/hr, (f) 0.98 ml/hr, and (g) 1.95 ml/hr. (d) and (h) are HR-TEM images of...and ferrocene . The flow rate was (a) 0.195 ml/hr and (b) 1.95 ml/hr........................ 19  Fig. A-5. STEM EDS analysis of the CF specimen after

Echocardiography.

PubMed Central

Chambers, J. B.; Monaghan, M. J.; Jackson, G.

1988-01-01

Imaging echocardiography is an important extension of the clinical examination and will answer most questions in an emergency-for example, whether an enlarged cardiac shadow on the chest radiograph represents ventricular dilatation or an effusion. Doppler ultrasonography is essential for hospitals with an interest in cardiology because it provides direct haemodynamic data that are complementary to imaging. It requires more skill than imaging and may also be time consuming. Colour flow Doppler mapping is speedy and simple to use and aids the interpretation of continuous wave Doppler. It is therefore a natural companion to conventional Doppler, but there would have to be a high clinical load to justify its purchase. Images FIG 3 FIG 4 FIG 4 FIG 5 FIG 6 PMID:3143434

Time-variable surface patterns as an indicator of the surface environments on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toyota, T.; Kawaguchi, K.; Kurita, K.

2008-09-01

Introduction On the planets having atmosphere such as Mars various types of interactions between the atmosphere and the ground surface cause observable change in the surface pattern. Polar caps and aeolian features are typical examples. With the accumulation of satellitebased exploratory data, time-variable surface patterns have been focused and investigated extensively [1,2], because they can be direct indicators of the changing surface environments. Here we report two types of time-variable surface patterns that have been unidentified until now. One is dark halo near the top of high altitude volcanoes in Tharsis region. The other is brightness of the Outer Lobe of Double Layered Ejecta crater at the northern lowlands. Both have almost no associated topography and they are only recognized in visible/IR images as albedo patterns. Dark halo near the top of high altitude volcanoes in the Tharsis region Fig. 1 shows MOC wide-angle image of Pavonis Mons (R1400388NRed). The large caldera can be seen at the top of the volcano. Surrounding the caldera there exists a dark halo. Fig. 1B is MOC wide-angle image which shows detailed structure of the dark halo in the SW part. The dark zone is not uniform and instead it is composed of many slender dark stripes aligned in radial direction from the top (caldera center). Each unit is spindle-shaped with length of 30- 50km and width at the middle part of 5km. Spindles seem to start from higher position because it is always clear and darker. The initiation point is quite narrow region, which can be considered as a point. In many cases, there exist no recognisable obstacles at the initiation point. This is a remarkable difference from the wind streaks, which is caused by erosion/sedimentation of wind by local turbulence behind topographical anomaly. This makes us to consider something is emanating from subsurface, blown off by the mountain winds and deposited in downwind part. Similar pattern is observed in high altitude large volume volcanoes in Tharsis region such as Olympus Mons, Arsia Mons, Ascraeus Mons and Alba Patera EPSC Abstracts, Vol. 3, EPSC2008-A-00513, 2008 European Planetary Science Congress, Author(s) 2008 whereas it is not recognized in Celaunius Tholus, Tharsis Tholus and Elysium Mons. Because of the numbers of available images and stable climate situation, we have intensively investigated the pattern at Pavonis Mons. MOC wide-angle images and THEMIS-VIS images are used to check the temporal variation of the pattern from 1999 to 2007. In Fig. 2 the time-sequential images taking the SW flank show temporal pattern change of the dark halo. The drastic change can be found between 2000 and 2003. The assemblage of dark spindle-shaped pattern at higher positions before 2003 completely disappeared in the 2003 and the front of the halo receded to lower position. In 2001, a huge global dust storm has occurred. The resultant effect on the global climate by this dust storm is decrease in global daytime temperature and increase in global nighttime temperature due to the dust green house effect [2]. Since the dark halo appears to be formed in nighttime (the pattern is consistent with down-slope wind, which would be dominant at nigh time on the surface of high mountain.), the increase of the nighttime temperature should be responsible for erasing the pattern. Not only the position of the front of the dark halo but also the darkness changes with time. DN at the front position is determined by taking the difference from the reference point near the caldera. The maximum contrast around Ls=50 deg. and the minimum contrast around Ls=270 deg. are obtained. This indicates seasonal variation, which strongly suggests meteorological variation such as the atmospheric pressure controls the surface pattern. Fig. 3 shows THEMIS-VIS image, THEMIS-IRNighttime image and THEMIS-IR-Daytime image of the southern flank. THEMIS-VIS image clearly shows the upper boundary of the dark halo; brighter near the summit and darker in the lower position. THEMIS-IRDaytime image shows brighter color in the dark halo, which indicates higher temperature. The boundary completely coincides with that in VIS. THEMIS-IRNighttime image also shows brighter color in the dark halo. This variation in the brightness and hence the surface temperature in IR images is not consistent with general thermal inertia control between daytime and nighttime by the change of grain size. This enigmatic behavior may indicate the surface of dark halo has different thermal response to the irradiation by the sunlight at daytime and radiative cooling at nighttime. This might be possible if the surface is covered by mixture of fine silicate particles supported by continuous phase of ice. References [1] Geissler, P. E., (2005) JGR, 110, E02001. [2] Armstrong, J. C. et al., (2007) GRL, 34, L01202. [3] Smith M. D., (2004) Icarus, 167, 148-165. [4] Neakrase, L. et al., (2005) LPSC XXXZVI, P1898.

Automated inspection of hot steel slabs

DOEpatents

Martin, R.J.

1985-12-24

The disclosure relates to a real time digital image enhancement system for performing the image enhancement segmentation processing required for a real time automated system for detecting and classifying surface imperfections in hot steel slabs. The system provides for simultaneous execution of edge detection processing and intensity threshold processing in parallel on the same image data produced by a sensor device such as a scanning camera. The results of each process are utilized to validate the results of the other process and a resulting image is generated that contains only corresponding segmentation that is produced by both processes. 5 figs.

Method and apparatus for evaluating structural weakness in polymer matrix composites

DOEpatents

Wachter, E.A.; Fisher, W.G.

1996-01-09

A method and apparatus for evaluating structural weaknesses in polymer matrix composites is described. An object to be studied is illuminated with laser radiation and fluorescence emanating therefrom is collected and filtered. The fluorescence is then imaged and the image is studied to determine fluorescence intensity over the surface of the object being studied and the wavelength of maximum fluorescent intensity. Such images provide a map of the structural integrity of the part being studied and weaknesses, particularly weaknesses created by exposure of the object to heat, are readily visible in the image. 6 figs.

Lysosome and Phagosome Stability in Lethal Cell Injury

PubMed Central

Hawkins, Hal K.; Ericsson, Jan L. E.; Biberfeld, Peter; Trump, Benjamin F.

1972-01-01

In two types of cell injury in a tissue culture system, the possibility was tested that lysosome rupture may be a lethal cellular reaction to injury, and thus an important general cause of irreversibility of damage in injured tissue. Prior labeling of secondary lysosomes with the fluorochrome acridine orange, or with ferritin, was used to trace changes in lysosomes after applying an injury. The metabolic inhibitors iodoacetate and cyanide were used together to block the cell's energy supply, or attachment of antiserum and subsequent complement attack were used to damage the surface membrane, producing rapid loss of cell volume control. Living cells were studied by time-lapse phase-contrast cinemicrography and fluorescence microscopy, and samples were fixed at intervals for electron microscopy. The cytolytic action of complement was lethal to sensitized cells within 2 hours, but results showed that lysosomes did not rupture for approximately 4 hours and in fact did not release the fluorescent dye until after reaching the postmortem necrotic phase of injury. Cells treated with metabolic inhibitors also showed irreversible alterations, while lysosomes remained intact and retained the ferritin marker. The fluorochrome marker, acridine orange, escaped from lysosomes early after metabolic injury, but the significance of this observation is not clear. The results are interpreted as evidence against the concept that lysosome rupture threatens the survival of injured cells. The original suicide bag mechanism of cell damage thus is apparently not operative in the systems studied. Lysosomes appear to be relatively stable organelles which, following injury of the types studied, burst only after cell death, acting then as scavengers which help to clear cellular debris. ImagesFigs 5-7Fig 18Fig 19Fig 20Figs 21-23Fig 8Fig 9Fig 10Fig 11Figs 24-27Fig 12Figs 13 and 14Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 15Fig 16Fig 17 PMID:4340333

Topography of succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial inner membrane. A study using limited proteolysis and immunoblotting.

PubMed Central

Clarkson, G H; Neagle, J; Lindsay, J G

1991-01-01

The arrangement of the large (70,000-Mr) and small (30,000-Mr) subunits of succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial inner membrane was investigated by immunoblot analysis of bovine heart mitochondria (right-side-out, outer membrane disrupted) or submitochondrial particles (inside-out) that had been subjected to surface-specific proteolysis. Both subunits were resistant to proteinase treatment provided that the integrity of the inner membrane was preserved, suggesting that neither subunit is exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the membrane. The bulk of the small subunit appears to protrude into the matrix compartment, since the 30,000-Mr polypeptide is degraded extensively during limited proteolysis of submitochondrial particles without the appearance of an immunologically reactive membrane-associated fragment: moreover, a soluble 27,000-Mr peptide derived from this subunit is observed transiently on incubation with trypsin. Similar data obtained from the large subunit suggest that this polypeptide interacts with the matrix side of the inner membrane via two distinct domains; these are detected as stable membrane-associated fragments of 32,000 Mr and 27,000 Mr after treatment of submitochondrial particles with papain or proteinase K, although the 27,000-Mr fragment can be degraded further to low-Mr peptides with trypsin or alpha-chymotrypsin. A stable 32,000-34,000-Mr fragment is generated by a variety of specific and non-specific proteinases, indicating that it may be embedded largely within the lipid bilayer, or is inaccessible to proteolytic attack owing to its proximity to the surface of the intact membrane, possibly interacting with the hydrophobic membrane anchoring polypeptides of the succinate: ubiquinone reductase complex. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. PMID:1996968

X-ray lithography using holographic images

DOEpatents

Howells, M.S.; Jacobsen, C.

1997-03-18

Methods for forming X-ray images having 0.25 {micro}m minimum line widths on X-ray sensitive material are presented. A holographic image of a desired circuit pattern is projected onto a wafer or other image-receiving substrate to allow recording of the desired image in photoresist material. In one embodiment, the method uses on-axis transmission and provides a high flux X-ray source having modest monochromaticity and coherence requirements. A layer of light-sensitive photoresist material on a wafer with a selected surface is provided to receive the image(s). The hologram has variable optical thickness and variable associated optical phase angle and amplitude attenuation for transmission of the X-rays. A second embodiment uses off-axis holography. The wafer receives the holographic image by grazing incidence reflection from a hologram printed on a flat metal or other highly reflecting surface or substrate. In this second embodiment, an X-ray beam with a high degree of monochromaticity and spatial coherence is required. 15 figs.

The Possible Role of Hypnosis in Homograft Retention

PubMed Central

Fogel, Sydney; Knight, Charles R.

1965-01-01

Hypnosis was used to alter body image in an attempt to enable a woman to retain a skin homograft from an unrelated male donor. The man also acted as a nonhypnotized control by receiving a homograft from the hypnotized woman. Oneinch square full-thickness skin homografts were exchanged between the upper arms of the two volunteers. The homograft on the arm of the woman is still viable after eight months; the homograft on the man was rejected within two weeks. A second experiment in which the same subject was told under hypnosis to reject the homograft failed to produce rejection. Definite conclusions are not yet justified. Among factors to be considered in the present case are an unusual compatibility, schizophrenia as an inhibitor of the rejection mechanism, hypnotically induced irreversible acceptance, or other unknown mechanisms. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15 PMID:14339293

Navy Tactical Applications Guide. Volume 7. Southern Hemisphere Weather Analysis and Forecast Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

R2). The 500-mb analysis (Fig. IB-22a) during the winter season. Several important differ - has been reanalyzed to fit the satellite image data. ences...EARI AIM 21 JV! so% +20 7 +818 +765 16 SURFACE 86072012Z One Ica us Figure IB-27a. FNOC Surface Analysis . 1200 GMT 20 July 19...and the high and is also shown by the 0000 GMT surface is not a result of the blocking pattern. The axis of the high analysis . The cloud vortex

Looking Over Infant's Overlooked Eye Problems

PubMed Central

Arstikaitis, M.

1975-01-01

The physician should never fail to examine the infant's eyes lest he overlook a serious problem. This article indicates what conditions should be looked for at the initial examination, and also those at two months, six months, and one year of life. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12 PMID:20469195

Blood Group Antigens on HeLa Cells shown by Mixed Agglutination

PubMed Central

Kelus, A.; Gurner, B. W.; Coombs, R. R. A.

1959-01-01

The mixed agglutination reaction has been used for investigating the presence of blood group antigens on the surface of human cervical carcinoma cells (HeLa) cultured for eight years in vitro. The H antigen was demonstrated in the absence of A and B. The MN-type antigen has been found as well as Tja. Treatment of HeLa cells with ficin greatly enhanced the reaction of anti-H and anti-Tja with the corresponding antigens on HeLa cells. The authors failed to show the following antigens: Rh(D) and Rh(c), S, P, Lea, Leb, Lua and Lub. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2 PMID:14405338

Scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging apparatus and method

DOEpatents

Barton, D.L.; Tangyunyong, P.

1998-01-06

A scanning fluorescent microthermal imaging (FMI) apparatus and method is disclosed, useful for integrated circuit (IC) failure analysis, that uses a scanned and focused beam from a laser to excite a thin fluorescent film disposed over the surface of the IC. By collecting fluorescent radiation from the film, and performing point-by-point data collection with a single-point photodetector, a thermal map of the IC is formed to measure any localized heating associated with defects in the IC. 1 fig.

Presidential Address: The Woman in the Case Jane Todd Crawford, 1763-1842

PubMed Central

Sparkman, Robert S.

1979-01-01

The 1978 Presidential Address of the Southern Surgical Association is dedicated to the wives of the members, past and present, in acknowledgment and appreciation of the enduring contribution that they have made to the quality and character of this association. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 7.Fig. 8.Fig. 9.Fig. 10.Fig. 11.Fig. 12.Fig. 13.Fig. 14.Fig. 15.Fig. 16.Fig. 17.Fig. 18.Fig. 19.Fig. 20. PMID:375854

Strongylus equinus: development and pathological effects in the equine host.

PubMed Central

McCraw, B M; Slocombe, J O

1985-01-01

The development and pathological effects of Strongylus equinus were studied in 17 pony foals and one horse foal raised in isolation and examined at necropsy from seven days to 40 wk postinfection (PI). Following inoculation of 15000 +/- 6% or 16000 +/- 6% infective larvae by stomach tube foals were monitored for clinical signs and selected blood changes. Larvae penetrated the wall of the ileum, cecum and colon. The molt to the fourth stage occurred mostly in the wall of the ventral colon before 2 wk PI and larvae attained the liver mainly via the peritoneal cavity as early as eight days PI and persisted in the liver until 17 wk PI. Following active migration within the liver, invasion of the pancreas was accomplished at least by 7 wk PI with maximum numbers at 17 wk. The fourth molt occurred about 15 wk PI and preadults were present in the wall of the ventral colon at 30 wk PI and in the lumen of the colon at 40 wk. Strongylus equinus tends to wander retroperitoneally to the flanks, perirenal fat, diaphragm, omentum and occasionally to the lungs. Between 1 and 4 wk PI small raised hemorrhagic areas were present on the serosa of the ileum and colon. Small white foci on the surface of the liver at 1 wk PI were followed by tortuous tracks 3 wk later. Pathological changes in the pancreas were evident at three months PI and more severe by four months. Granulomas containing larvae were common in the flanks, diaphragm, omentum and occasionally beneath the pleura of the lungs. Clinical signs were correlated with invasion of the pancreas, the fourth molt, maximum globulin values and high eosinophil counts. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 11. Fig. 12. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. PMID:4075237

Ultrastructure and molecular characterization of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovars.

PubMed Central

Garcia, M M; Becker, S A; Brooks, B W; Berg, J N; Finegold, S M

1992-01-01

The ultrastructural features and molecular components of 18 strains of Fusobacterium necrophorum biovars A, AB and B, isolated from animal and human infections, were examined by electron microscopy, multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). High resolution scanning electron microscopy revealed that the strains possessed a convoluted surface pattern. Transmission electron microscopy showed that all strains possessed a cell wall structure typical of gram-negative bacteria. Bleb formation was not uncommon. Numerous extracellular materials, resembling lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fragments, surrounded cells of both human strains and biovar B animal strains. Biovar A field strains revealed capsules as stained by ruthenium red whereas a stock culture strain showed the capsule only when immunostabilized with hyperimmune serum. Starch gel electrophoresis showed all strains to possess adenyl kinase, glutamate dehydrogenases and lactate dehydrogenase; each enzyme migrated uniformly (monomorphic) among the strains and represented an electrotype. However, SDS-PAGE indicated differences in the protein profiles between all of the strains; the most distinctly different was a human isolate (FN 606). Silver staining to detect LPS showed extensive "ladder" patterns among the majority of biovar A strains but not in the animal biovar B strains. Immunoblotting of LPS with a rabbit antiserum prepared against phenol extracted LPS from a biovar A animal isolate (LA 19) suggested marked variability in the LPS antigens among the isolates studied. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. PMID:1477801

Involvement of specific macrophage-lineage cells surrounding arterioles in barrier and scavenger function in brain cortex.

PubMed Central

Mato, M; Ookawara, S; Sakamoto, A; Aikawa, E; Ogawa, T; Mitsuhashi, U; Masuzawa, T; Suzuki, H; Honda, M; Yazaki, Y; Watanabe, E; Luoma, J; Yla-Herttuala, S; Fraser, I; Gordon, S; Kodama, T

1996-01-01

The transport of solutes between blood and brain is regulated by a specific barrier. Capillary endothelial cells of brain are known to mediate barrier function and facilitate transport. Here we report that specific cells surrounding arterioles, known as Mato's fluorescent granular perithelial (FGP) cells or perivascular microglial cells, contribute to the barrier function. Immunohistochemical and in situ hybridization studies indicate that, in normal brain cortex, type I and type II macrophage scavenger receptors are expressed only in FGP/perivascular microglial cells, and surface markers of macrophage lineage are also detected on them. These cells mediate the uptake of macromolecules, including modified low density lipoprotein, horseradish peroxidase, and ferritin injected either into the blood or into the cerebral ventricles. Accumulation of scavenged materials with aging or after the administration of a high-fat diet results in the formation of honeycomb-like foam cells and the narrowing of the lumen of arterioles in the brain cortex. These results indicate involvement of FGP/perivascular microglial cells in the barrier and scavenger functions in the central nervous system. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:8622926

Natural-color and color-infrared image mosaics of the Colorado River corridor in Arizona derived from the May 2009 airborne image collection

USGS Publications Warehouse

Davis, Philip A.

2013-01-01

The Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center (GCMRC) of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) periodically collects airborne image data for the Colorado River corridor within Arizona (fig. 1) to allow scientists to study the impacts of Glen Canyon Dam water release on the corridor’s natural and cultural resources. These data are collected from just above Glen Canyon Dam (in Lake Powell) down to the entrance of Lake Mead, for a total distance of 450 kilometers (km) and within a 500-meter (m) swath centered on the river’s mainstem and its seven main tributaries (fig. 1). The most recent airborne data collection in 2009 acquired image data in four wavelength bands (blue, green, red, and near infrared) at a spatial resolution of 20 centimeters (cm). The image collection used the latest model of the Leica ADS40 airborne digital sensor (the SH52), which uses a single optic for all four bands and collects and stores band radiance in 12-bits. Davis (2012) reported on the performance of the SH52 sensor and on the processing steps required to produce the nearly flawless four-band image mosaic (sectioned into map tiles) for the river corridor. The final image mosaic has a total of only 3 km of surface defects in addition to some areas of cloud shadow because of persistent inclement weather during data collection. The 2009 four-band image mosaic is perhaps the best image dataset that exists for the entire Arizona part of the Colorado River. Some analyses of these image mosaics do not require the full 12-bit dynamic range or all four bands of the calibrated image database, in which atmospheric scattering (or haze) had not been removed from the four bands. To provide scientists and the general public with image products that are more useful for visual interpretation, the 12-bit image data were converted to 8-bit natural-color and color-infrared images, which also removed atmospheric scattering within each wavelength-band image. The conversion required an evaluation of the histograms of each band’s digital-number population within each map tile throughout the corridor and the determination of the digital numbers corresponding to the lower and upper one percent of the picture-element population within each map tile. Visual examination of the image tiles that were given a 1-percent stretch (whereby the lower 1- percent 12-bit digital number is assigned an 8-bit value of zero and the upper 1-percent 12-bit digital number is assigned an 8-bit value of 255) indicated that this stretch sufficiently removed atmospheric scattering, which provided improved image clarity and true natural colors for all surface materials. The lower and upper 1-percent, 12-bit digital numbers for each wavelength-band image in the image tiles exhibit erratic variations along the river corridor; the variations exhibited similar trends in both the lower and upper 1-percent digital numbers for all four wavelength-band images (figs. 2–5). The erratic variations are attributed to (1) daily variations in atmospheric water-vapor content due to monsoonal storms, (2) variations in channel water color due to variable sediment input from tributaries, and (3) variations in the amount of topographic shadows within each image tile, in which reflectance is dominated by atmospheric scattering. To make the surface colors of the stretched, 8-bit images consistent among adjacent image tiles, it was necessary to average both the lower and upper 1-percent digital values for each wavelength-band image over 20 river miles to subdue the erratic variations. The average lower and upper 1-percent digital numbers for each image tile (figs. 2–5) were used to convert the 12-bit image values to 8-bit values and the resulting 8-bit four-band images were stored as natural-color (red, green, and blue wavelength bands) and color-infrared (near-infrared, red, and green wavelength bands) images in embedded geotiff format, which can be read and used by most geographic information system (GIS) and image-processing software. The tiff world files (tfw) are provided, even though they are generally not needed for most software to read an embedded geotiff image. All image data are projected in the State Plane (SP) map projection using the central Arizona zone (202) and the North American Datum of 1983 (NAD83). The map-tile scheme used to segment the corridor image mosaic followed the standard USGS quarter-quadrangle (QQ) map borders, but the high resolution (20 cm) of the images required further quarter segmentation (QQQ) of the standard QQ tiles, where the image mosaic covered a large fraction of a QQ map tile (segmentation shown in (figure 6), where QQ_1 to QQ_4 shows the number convention used to designate a quarter of a QQ tile). To minimize the size of each image tile, each image or map tile was subset to only include that part of the tile that had image data. In addition, some QQQ image tiles within a QQ tile were combined when adjacent QQQ map tiles were small. Thus, some image tiles consist of combinations of QQQ map tiles, some consist of an entire QQ map tile, and some consist of two adjoining QQ map tiles. The final image tiles number 143, which is a large number of files to list on the Internet for both the natural-color and color-infrared images. Thus, the image tiles were placed in seven file folders based on the one-half-degree geographic boundaries within the study area (fig. 7). The map tiles in each file folder were compressed to minimize folder size for more efficient downloading. The file folders are sequentially referred to as zone 1 through zone 7, proceeding down river (fig. 7). The QQ designations of the image tiles contained within each folder or zone are shown on the index map for each respective zone (figs. 8–14).

A presomite human embryo of Horizon VII.

PubMed Central

Rewell, R E; Harrison, R G

1976-01-01

A presomite embryo of Horizon VII aged approximately 18 days is described and illustrated. It is compared with some other embryos of a similar age, and a considerable variation of histological characteristics within the same Horizon is noted. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:1254532

Biophysics of Heart Sounds and Its Application to Clinical Auscultation

PubMed Central

Faber, J. Job; Burton, Alan C.

1964-01-01

Much research has been carried out recently into the means by which heart sounds and murmurs reach the stethoscope from their point of origin. Heart sounds originate as vibrations of the cardiac valves and travel as transverse vibrations with low velocity over the walls of the ventricles and great vessels. Where these structures are in contact with the thoracic surface they emerge, at the `auscultatory areas', and spread like ripples over the chest surface. Murmurs originate in the cavities receiving the blood stream, and are loudest in the cavity that is less distensible. Frequency, damping in transit and the possible misinterpretation of apparent `splitting' seen in phonocardiographic records are discussed. This basic knowledge of modes of transmission allows the interpretation of unusual locations of auscultatory areas in disease states, and explains some puzzling findings obtained with microphones mounted on cardiac catheters. ImagesFig. 3Fig. 6 PMID:14174528

Clothing for Sports: Part 2: Stridalongapos Loses Shorts, Wins in Style

PubMed Central

Schamberger, Wolf

1985-01-01

The choice of clothing for sports must take into account the climate, movement, ability to enhance athletic performance, safety and comfort. Part 2 of this two-part article describes the clothing needed for running, cycling, skiing, windsurfing, triathlon, aerobic dancing and hot air ballooning. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10 PMID:21274232

Hyperparathyroidism: retrospect and prospect.

PubMed Central

Taylor, S.

1976-01-01

The history of hyperparathyroidism is outlined and the diagnosis and treatment of its various causes reviewed with reference to a series of 153 patients operated on for hyperparathyroidism in the past 20 years. In 119 cases the condition was primary, being due to a tumour or hyperplasia. Future developments in this field are briefly considered. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 2 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:782326

Tumours of the soft (mesenchymal) tissues

PubMed Central

Weiss, E.

1974-01-01

This is a classification of tumours of fibrous tissue, fat, muscle, blood and lymph vessels, and mast cells, irrespective of the region of the body in which they arise. Tumours of fibrous tissue are divided into fibroma, fibrosarcoma (including “canine haemangiopericytoma”), other sarcomas, equine sarcoid, and various tumour-like lesions. The histological appearance of the tumours is described and illustrated with photographs. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16 PMID:4371740

Lymphocyte subpopulations of intestinal mucosa in inflammatory bowel disease.

PubMed Central

Eade, O E; Andre-Ukena, S S; Moulton, C; MacPherson, B; Beeken, W L

1980-01-01

Lymphocyte subpopulations in peripheral blood (PBL) and intestinal mucosa (IML) of 10 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) were compared with those of 11 non-IBD controls. PBL were separated on Ficoll/hypaque gradients, and IML were isolated by incubation in dithiothreitol, EDTA, and collagenase. These methods yielded cells of good viability and with intact HLA A and B-antigens. T-cells, identified by neuraminidase-treated sheep RBC rosettes and non-specific esterase staining, comprised approximately 91% of the IML from normal mucosa of all groups. B-cells, identified by erythrocyte-antibody-complement rosettes and surface immunoglobulins, were only 7% of these IML populations. Cell yields were two-fold or more greater from abnormal IBD mucosa, with T-cells ranging from 55 to 95% and B-cells from 2 to 36%. The percentage of Fc receptor bearing cells was low in all specimens. By these methods, T-lymphocytes predominated in intestinal mucosa of both IBD and non-IBD patients, but there is marked increase in the percentage of B-cells isolated from abnormal mucosa in IBD. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 11 PMID:6968706

Compact instrument for fluorescence image-guided surgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xinghua; Bhaumik, Srabani; Li, Qing; Staudinger, V. Paul; Yazdanfar, Siavash

2010-03-01

Fluorescence image-guided surgery (FIGS) is an emerging technique in oncology, neurology, and cardiology. To adapt intraoperative imaging for various surgical applications, increasingly flexible and compact FIGS instruments are necessary. We present a compact, portable FIGS system and demonstrate its use in cardiovascular mapping in a preclinical model of myocardial ischemia. Our system uses fiber optic delivery of laser diode excitation, custom optics with high collection efficiency, and compact consumer-grade cameras as a low-cost and compact alternative to open surgical FIGS systems. Dramatic size and weight reduction increases flexibility and access, and allows for handheld use or unobtrusive positioning over the surgical field.

Detection of aflatoxin and surface mould contaminated figs by using Fourier transform near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy.

PubMed

Durmuş, Efkan; Güneş, Ali; Kalkan, Habil

2017-01-01

Aflatoxins are toxic metabolites that are mainly produced by members of the Aspergillus section Flavi on many agricultural products. Certain agricultural products such as figs are known to be high risk products for aflatoxin contamination. Aflatoxin contaminated figs may show a bright greenish yellow fluorescence (BGYF) under ultraviolet (UV) light at a wavelength of 365 nm. Traditionally, BGYF positive figs are manually selected by workers. However, manual selection depends on the expertise level of the workers and it may cause them skin-related health problems due to UV radiation. In this study, we propose a non-invasive approach to detect aflatoxin and surface mould contaminated figs by using Fourier transform near-infrared (FT-NIR) reflectance spectroscopy. A classification accuracy of 100% is achieved for classifying the figs into aflatoxin contaminated/uncontaminated and surface mould contaminated/uncontaminated categories. In addition, a strong correlation has been found between aflatoxin and surface mould. Combined with pattern classification methods, the NIR spectroscopy can be used to detect aflatoxin contaminated figs non-invasively. Furthermore, a positive correlation between surface mould and aflatoxin contamination leads to a promising alternative indicator for the detection of aflatoxin-contaminated figs. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

The last illnesses of Robert and Horace Walpole.

PubMed Central

Viseltear, A. J.

1983-01-01

Urinary lithiasis and gout were uncommonly prevalent in the eighteenth century. This essay considers the history of both afflictions and especially tells of the last illnesses of Sir Robert Walpole, who died from complications of stone, and his son, Horace, who throughout his life was a sufferer of gout. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 FIG. 9 PMID:6356637

Tumours of the nasal cavity*

PubMed Central

Stünzi, H.; Hauser, B.

1976-01-01

Tumours of the nasal cavity are rare in domestic animals, most cases occurring in the dog. Epithelial tumours are the most common type in carnivores (dogs and cats). In general, the same types of tumour occur in domestic animals as occur in man. There was no significant predisposition for breed in dogs, but in both dogs and cats far more males than females were affected. Metastases occurred only rarely. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8 PMID:1086156

Experimental paracoccidioidomycosis: cranial and nasal localization in mice.

PubMed Central

Hay, R. J.; Chandler, F. W.

1978-01-01

An experimental mouse model for paracoccidioidomycosis (South American blastomycosis) is described. When distribution of cranial lesions following i.v. injection was investigated, invasion of the nasal mucosa with subsequent discharge of budding Paracoccidioides brasiliensis cells into the nasal cavity was noted. The possible significance of this finding in terms of the processes associated with naturally occurring paracoccidioidomycosis is discussed. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Figs. 9 and 10 Fig. 11 PMID:708583

Preferential expression of an ammonium transporter and of two putative nitrate transporters in root hairs of tomato.

PubMed Central

Lauter, F R; Ninnemann, O; Bucher, M; Riesmeier, J W; Frommer, W B

1996-01-01

Root hairs as specialized epidermal cells represent part of the outermost interface between a plant and its soil environment. They make up to 70% of the root surface and, therefore, are likely to contribute significantly to nutrient uptake. To study uptake systems for mineral nitrogen, three genes homologous to Arabidopsis nitrate and ammonium transporters (AtNrt1 and AtAmt1) were isolated from a root hair-specific tomato cDNA library. Accumulation of LeNrt1-1, LeNrt1-2, and LeAmt1 transcripts was root-specific, with no detectable transcripts in stems or leaves. Expression was root cell type-specific and regulated by nitrogen availability. LeNrt1-2 mRNA accumulation was restricted to root hairs that had been exposed to nitrate. In contrast, LeNrt1-1 transcripts were detected in root hairs as well as other root tissues under all nitrogen treatments applied. Analogous to LeNrt1-1, the gene LeAmt1 was expressed under all nitrogen conditions tested, and root hair-specific mRNA accumulation was highest following exposure to ammonium. Expression of LeAMT1 in an ammonium uptake-deficient yeast strain restored growth on low ammonium medium, confirming its involvement in ammonium transport. Root hair specificity and characteristics of substrate regulation suggest an important role of the three genes in uptake of mineral nitrogen. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:8755617

The petrologic history of the Sanganguey volcanic field, Nayarit, Mexico: Comparisons in a suite of crystal-rich and crystal-poor lavas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crabtree, Stephen M.; Waters, Laura E.

2017-04-01

To evaluate if intermediate magmas erupting from Volcán Sanganguey (Mexico) and the surrounding volcanic field are formed by mixing of basalts and rhyolites or if they initially exist as intermediate liquids, a detailed petrological study is presented for eight andesite and dacite magmas. Six of the samples erupted from the central edifice (four andesites and two dacites) are crystal-rich (≤ 50 vol%), whereas the remaining two samples (one andesite and one dacite) erupted from monogenetic vents in the peripheral volcanic field and are crystal poor (≤ 5 vol%). Despite the variation in crystallinity, all samples are multiply saturated in five to seven mineral phases (plagioclase + orthopyroxene + titanomagnetite + ilmenite + apatite ± clinopyroxene ± hornblende). In all samples, plagioclase spans a 30-40 mol% An range in composition and orthopyroxene spans a range in Mg# of 5-10. Pre-eruptive temperatures and oxygen fugacites (relative to the NNO buffer) range from 853 (± 24) to 1085 (± 16) °C and - 0.1 (± 0.1) to 0.9 (± 0.1) Δ NNO, on the basis of Fe-Ti two oxide thermometry. Application of the plagioclase-liquid hygrometer to the samples reveals maximum H2O contents that range from 1.7-6.2 wt%. Comparison with phase equilibrium experiments demonstrates that all plagioclase and orthopyroxene compositions in the crystal-poor samples could have grown from their respective whole rock compositions. Comparison of crystal rich samples with phase equilibrium experiments reveals the presence of sodic xenocrysts which reflect resorption textures and an estimated excess plagioclase crystal cargo of > 6 vol%. The excess plagioclase crystal cargo is not distinguishable from phenocrystic plagioclase based on composition or texture, suggesting that they were also grown in intermediate melts, and are therefore described as antecrystic. No calcic plagioclase xenocrysts (> An79) typical of hydrous arc basalts are observed, thus it is likely that the excess plagioclase in the crystal-rich samples were originally formed in intermediate magmas. For the crystal-poor samples, we propose that the mechanism producing the complex phenocryst assemblages is degassing (± cooling), as it may shift equilibrium plagioclase compositions, kinetically inhibit crystal-growth, and increase melt viscosity, leading to complex textures. Notably, the hypothesis of degassing (± cooling) induced crystallization requires that the intermediate melts initially exist as liquids, prior to crystallization, supporting the hypothesis that intermediate melts are generated in the deep crust and arrive in the upper crust as liquids. For the crystal-rich samples, degassing (± cooling) may also be the mechanism generating a portion of the compositional and textural variation in the mineral assemblages and some incorporation of antecrysts or xenocrysts must occur as evidenced by an excess plagioclase crystal cargo; however, we find no definitive evidence supporting the incorporation of crystals initially grown in basalts or rhyolites. Given the similarities in phase assemblage, mineral compositions, mineral textures, and intensive variables between the crystal-poor and -rich samples, we conclude that the melts arriving into the upper crust beneath Volcán Sanganguey and the surrounding peripheral volcanic field are intermediate in composition and are initially formed (as liquids) in the deep crust. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-103. Appendix Fig. B.2.3. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-117. Appendix Fig. B.2.4. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-109. Appendix Fig. B.2.5. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-132. Appendix Fig. B.2.6. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-115. Appendix Fig. B.2.7. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-106. Appendix Fig. B.2.8. Plots of plagioclase composition (%An) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-129. Appendix Fig. B.3.2. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-103. Appendix Fig. B.3.3. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-117 Appendix Fig. B.3.4. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-109. Appendix Fig. B.3.5. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-132. Appendix Fig. B.3.6. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-115. Appendix Fig. B.3.7. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-106. Appendix Fig. B.3.8. Plots of pyroxene composition (Mg#) vs. distance across each grain, XAL-129. Appendix Fig. B.4.2. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-103. Appendix Fig. B.4.3. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-117. Appendix Fig. B.4.4. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-109. Appendix Fig. B.4.5. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-132. Appendix Fig. B.4.6. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-115. Appendix Fig. B.4.7. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-106. Appendix Fig. B.4.8. BSE images of plagioclase grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-129. Appendix Fig. B.5.2. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-103. Appendix Fig. B.5.3. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-117. Appendix Fig. B.5.4. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-109. Appendix Fig. B.5.5. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-132. Appendix Fig. B.5.6. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-115. Appendix Fig. B.5.7. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-106. Appendix Fig. B.5.8. BSE images of pyroxene grains, with traversal path indicated, XAL-129.

Ultrastructural visualisation of proteoglycans in early unmineralised dentine of rat tooth germs stained with cuprolinic blue.

PubMed Central

Tenorio, D; Reid, A R; Katchburian, E

1990-01-01

The ultrastructural distribution and localisation of proteoglycans (PGs) of early developing rat dentine were examined using cuprolinic blue in a critical electrolyte concentration procedure. Results show that the cuprolinic blue method produces images of higher morphological quality than other cationic dyes. PGs appeared as ribbon-like electron-opaque precipitates of various sizes, ranging between 1.4 and 0.2 microns in length, distributed throughout the matrix and in close association with well preserved matrix vesicles and collagen fibrils. Matrix vesicles revealed tightly packed PG filaments which appeared to be attached to their membrane. It is possible that the close association of PG filaments with matrix vesicles and collagen indicates that PGs are related to the process of mineralisation of dentine. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:2384338

Bio-inspired metal ions regulate the structure evolution of self-assembled peptide-based nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, An-Ping; Yang, Pei-Pei; Yang, Chao; Gao, Yu-Juan; Zhao, Xiao-Xiao; Luo, Qiang; Li, Xiang-Dan; Li, Li-Zhong; Wang, Lei; Wang, Hao

2016-07-01

We report an assembly and transformation process of a supramolecular module, BP-KLVFF-RGD (BKR) in solution and on specific living cell surfaces for imaging and treatment. The BKR self-assembled into nanoparticles, which further transformed into nanofibers in situ induced by coordination with Ca2+ ions.We report an assembly and transformation process of a supramolecular module, BP-KLVFF-RGD (BKR) in solution and on specific living cell surfaces for imaging and treatment. The BKR self-assembled into nanoparticles, which further transformed into nanofibers in situ induced by coordination with Ca2+ ions. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details; Fig. S1-S9. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr03580a

Automatic position calculating imaging radar with low-cost synthetic aperture sensor for imaging layered media

DOEpatents

Mast, J.E.

1998-08-18

An imaging system for analyzing structures comprises a radar transmitter and receiver connected to a timing mechanism that allows a radar echo sample to be taken at a variety of delay times for each radar pulse transmission. The radar transmitter and receiver are coupled to a position determining system that provides the x,y position on a surface for each group of samples measured for a volume from the surface. The radar transmitter and receiver are moved about the surface to collect such groups of measurements from a variety of x,y positions. Return signal amplitudes represent the relative reflectivity of objects within the volume and the delay in receiving each signal echo represents the depth at which the object lays in the volume and the propagation speeds of the intervening material layers. Successively deeper z-planes are backward propagated from one layer to the next with an adjustment for variations in the expected propagation velocities of the material layers that lie between adjacent z-planes. 10 figs.

Microbiological Burden on the Surfaces of Explorer XXXIII Spacecraft1

PubMed Central

Powers, Edmund M.

1967-01-01

The Explorer XXXIII Spacecraft (Anchored Interplanetary Monitoring Platform, or AIMP) was decontaminated to prevent gross contamination of the moon with terrestrial microorganisms. Assay of the total spacecraft surface before and after decontamination showed that the decontamination procedure reduced the viable microbiological burden from 1.40 × 106 to 3.60 × 104. However, assembly of parts which were not decontaminated for engineering reasons or were not assembled under cleanroom conditions increased the viable microbial burden at the time of launch to 2.62 × 105. Images Fig. 2 PMID:6053173

The differential diagnosis of the short-limbed dwarfs presenting at birth.

PubMed Central

Mukherji, R. N.; Moss, P. D.

1977-01-01

Attention is drawn to the fact that in a number of types of short-limbed dwarfism a precise diagnosis can be made in the neonatal period. Examples are given and the prognostic and genetic implications are discussed. It is important to be able to advise parents of the likely outlook for the infant and of the genetic implication. Early diagnosis is therefore not merely an academic exercise. Images Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:859790

Ultrastructure of free-ending nerve fibres in oesophageal epithelium.

PubMed Central

Robles-Chillida, E M; Rodrigo, J; Mayo, I; Arnedo, A; Gómez, A

1981-01-01

For the first time, at the ultrastructural level, the existence of free-ending, intraepithelial nerve fibres has been demonstrated in the oesophagus wall of adult cats and monkeys. Their form, the way they penetrate the epithelium, their location within the epithelium and their relationships with neighbouring cells have been established. A sensory function is suggested for this type of ending. Images Figs. 1-4 Figs. 5-6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Figs. 14-15 Figs. 16-17 PMID:7333951

Human lung surfactant protein A exists in several different oligomeric states: oligomer size distribution varies between patient groups.

PubMed Central

Hickling, T. P.; Malhotra, R.; Sim, R. B.

1998-01-01

BACKGROUND: Lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) is a complex molecule composed of up to 18 polypeptide chains. In vivo, SP-A probably binds to a wide range of inhaled materials via the interaction of surface carbohydrates with the lectin domains of SP-A and mediates their interaction with cells as part of a natural defense system. Multiplicity of lectin domains gives high-affinity binding to carbohydrate-bearing surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Gel filtration analyses were performed on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid samples from three patient groups: pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (n = 12), birch pollen allergy (n = 11), and healthy volunteers (n = 4). Sucrose density gradient centrifugation was employed to determine molecular weights of SP-A oligomers. SP-A was solubilized from the lipid phase to compare oligomeric state with that of water soluble SP-A. RESULTS: SP-A exists as fully assembled complexes with 18 polypeptide chains, but it is also consistently found in smaller oligomeric forms. This is true for both the water- and lipid-soluble fractions of SP-A. CONCLUSION: The three patient groups analyzed show a shift towards lower oligomeric forms of SP-A in the following sequence: healthy-pulmonary alveolar proteinosis-pollen allergy. Depolymerization would be expected to lead to loss of binding affinity for carbohydrate-rich surfaces, with loss or alteration of biological function. While there are many complex factors involved in the establishment of an allergy, it is possible that reduced participation of SP-A in clearing a potential allergen from the lungs could be an early step in the chain of events. Images Fig. 4 FIG. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:9606179

Bearing Assembly With Carbonate Resistant Anti-Seizing Properties

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-28

surface. Dkt . No. 101805 Application No. ?? REPLACEMENT SHEET? /21 LINEAR MOVEMENT ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT BEARING SURFACE ROTOR OR SLIDER BEARING ROTOR...OR SLIDER BEARING SHAFT FIG. 1 (PRIOR ART) FIG. 2 (PRIOR ART) Dkt . No. 101805 Application No. ?? REPLACEMENT SHEET? /22 100 110 112 114 120 118 116 120 118 114 112 110 LINEAR MOVEMENT ROTATIONAL MOVEMENT 100 FIG. 3 FIG. 4

Nondestructive method and apparatus for imaging grains in curved surfaces of polycrystalline articles

DOEpatents

Carpenter, D.A.

1995-05-23

A nondestructive method, and associated apparatus, are provided for determining the grain flow of the grains in a convex curved, textured polycrystalline surface. The convex, curved surface of a polycrystalline article is aligned in a horizontal x-ray diffractometer and a monochromatic, converging x-ray beam is directed onto the curved surface of the polycrystalline article so that the converging x-ray beam is diffracted by crystallographic planes of the grains in the polycrystalline article. The diffracted x-ray beam is caused to pass through a set of horizontal, parallel slits to limit the height of the beam and thereafter. The linear intensity of the diffracted x-ray is measured, using a linear position sensitive proportional counter, as a function of position in a direction orthogonal to the counter so as to generate two dimensional data. An image of the grains in the curved surface of the polycrystalline article is provided based on the two-dimensional data. 7 Figs.

Human Image Understanding

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-01-01

A Theory of Human Image Understanding " and the reprint of the chapter "Aspects and...Extensions of a Theory of Human Image Understanding " in Z. Pylyshyn (Ed). CONTENTS I. Introduction and Background ............................... 2 II. A...edges Fig;i 4 Some nonacmdentg differences between a brick and a cylinder. From Fig. 5, Recognition-by-Components: A theory of human image

Some ultrastructural characteristics of the renal artery and abdominal aorta in the rat.

PubMed Central

Osborne-Pellegrin, M J

1978-01-01

The rat renal artery and abdominal aorta have been studied by light and electron microscopy. In rats of 200 g body weight the extracellular space in aortic media ranges between 50-60% and that of the distal renal artery between 15-25%. The surface to volume ratio of aortic smooth muscle cells is 2.7 micron2/micron3 compared to 1.6 micron2/micron3 in the distal renal artery. Dense bodies are rare in aortic smooth muscle cells but are abundant in those of the distal renal artery. Other ultrastructural details of the smooth muscle cells are similar in the two types of artery. Cell-to-cell contacts consist of simple apposition of plasm membranes and their number is proportional to the total length of cell membrane profile. Mitochondria represent 7-8% of the cell volume in both arteries. The proximal renal artery shows structural characteristics which are intermediate between those of the aorta and distal renal artery. In all renal arteries examined, bands of longitudinal smooth muscle are present in the adventitia, principally at branch points. In older rats, regions of discontinuity of the internal elastic lamina have been observed. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:640965

A gastroplasty for short esophagus and reflux esophagitis: experimental and clinical studies.

PubMed Central

Demos, N J; Smith, N; Williams, D

1975-01-01

A safe, simple, effective gastroplasty for short esophagus with reflux esophagitis is described. It has been evaluated in dogs for up to three years with flexible fiberesophagoscopy, esophagrams and intraluminal pressure studies. Successful clinical experience has been encouraging. Images Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. PMID:1089392

Mistletoe hepatitis.

PubMed Central

Harvey, J; Colin-Jones, D G

1981-01-01

A 49-year-old woman presented with nausea, general malaise, and a dull ache in the right hypochondrium. Liver biopsy showed slight inflammatory-cell infiltration, and results of liver function tests suggested hepatitis. Hepatitis B surface antigen was not detected, and a cholecystogram was normal. Two years later she presented with similar symptoms, and both illnesses were found to have occurred after ingestion of a herbal remedy containing kelp, motherwort, skullcap, and mistletoe. A challenge test established this to be the cause of the illness. Mistletoe is the only constituent of the tablets known to contain any potential toxin and thus was probably the cause of the illness. Mistletoe is widely used in herbal remedies, whose ingestion may therefore cause hepatitis. Images FIG 1 FIG 2 PMID:6779941

Mitochondrial antibodies in primary biliary cirrhosis

PubMed Central

Berg, P. A.; Roitt, I. M.; Doniach, D.; Cooper, H. M.

1969-01-01

The effect on the mitochondrial antigen of different agents known to influence the integrity and structure of membranes has been studied using quantitative complement fixation with autoantibodies from the serum of a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis. The susceptibility to proteolytic enzymes suggests that the antigen is a protein. Activity depends upon an association with phospholipids. Addition of phospholipids prevents loss of antigen during artificial ageing of mitochondria at 37°. Activity is lost after treatment with phospholipases or solvents which extract phospholipids. Antigen is also destroyed by surface active agents which dissociate the link with phospholipid but those which weaken bonds between phospholipids and hydrophobic molecules yield fragments of antigen-containing membrane structures which, nonetheless, still react with the mitochondrial autoantibody. ImagesFIG. 2FIG. 4 PMID:5804537

Surface Habitat Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kennedy, Kriss J.

2009-01-01

The Surface Habitat Systems (SHS) Focused Investment Group (FIG) is part of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Johnson Space Center (JSC) effort to provide a focused direction and funding to the various projects that are working on human surface habitat designs and technologies for the planetary exploration missions. The overall SHS-FIG effort focuses on directing and guiding those projects that: 1) develop and demonstrate new surface habitat system concepts, innovations, and technologies to support human exploration missions, 2) improve environmental systems that interact with human habitats, 3) handle and emplace human surface habitats, and 4) focus on supporting humans living and working in habitats on planetary surfaces. The activity areas of the SHS FIG described herein are focused on the surface habitat project near-term objectives as described in this document. The SHS-FIG effort focuses on mitigating surface habitat risks (as identified by the Lunar Surface Systems Project Office (LSSPO) Surface Habitat Element Team; and concentrates on developing surface habitat technologies as identified in the FY08 gap analysis. The surface habitat gap assessment will be updated annually as the surface architecture and surface habitat definition continues to mature. These technologies are mapped to the SHS-FIG Strategic Development Roadmap. The Roadmap will bring to light the areas where additional innovative efforts are needed to support the development of habitat concepts and designs and the development of new technologies to support of the LSSPO Habitation Element development plan. Three specific areas of development that address Lunar Architecture Team (LAT)-2 and Constellation Architecture Team (CxAT) Lunar habitat design issues or risks will be focused on by the SHS-FIG. The SHS-FIG will establish four areas of development that will help the projects prepare in their planning for surface habitat systems development. Those development areas are the 1) surface habitat concept definition, 2) inflatable surface habitat development, and 3) autonomous habitat operations, and 4) cross-cutting / systems engineering. In subsequent years, the SHS-FIG will solicit a call for innovations and technologies that will support the development of these four development areas. The other development areas will be assessed yearly and identified on the SHS-FIG s Strategic Development Roadmap. Initial investment projects that are funded by the Constellation Program Office (CxPO), LSSPO, or the Exploration Technology Development Projects (ETDP) will also be included on the Roadmap. For example, in one or two years from now, the autonomous habitat operations and testbed would collaborations with the Integrated Systems Health Management (ISHM) and Automation for Operations ETDP projects, which will give the surface habitat projects an integrated habitat autonomy testbed to test software and systems. The SHS-FIG scope is to provide focused direction for multiple innovations, technologies and subsystems that are needed to support humans at a remote planetary surface habitat during the concept development, design definition, and integration phases of that project. Subsystems include: habitability, lightweight structures, power management, communications, autonomy, deployment, outfitting, life support, wireless connectivity, lighting, thermal and more.

Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201: correlation with coronary arteriography and electrocardiography

PubMed Central

Sternberg, Leonard; Wald, Robert W.; Feiglin, David H.I.; Morch, John E.

1978-01-01

Myocardial perfusion imaging with thallium-201 and electrocardiography with the subject at rest and undergoing submaximal treadmill exercise were performed in 19 men and 3 women. Selective coronary arteriography and left ventriculography showed that 7 had normal coronary arteries and 15 had coronary artery disease. The 11 persons with electrocardiographic evidence of an old myocardial infarct (q waves) had a perfusion defect at rest in the area of the infarct and a segmental abnormality of wall motion apparent on the left ventriculogram corresponding to the perfusion defect. Myocardial perfusion imaging and electrocardiography were equally sensitive in detecting coronary artery disease in exercising individuals: perfusion defects were noted in 7 of the 15 persons with coronary artery disease, and diagnostic ST-segment depression was present in 8 of the 15. Combination of the results of the two tests with exercise permitted the identification of 11 of the 15 persons and improved the sensitivity. Combination of the results of rest and exercise imaging and electrocardiography permitted the identification of 94% of the patients with coronary artery disease. Myocardial perfusion imaging with 201TI in the subject at rest is a sensitive indicator of previous myocardial infarction. Imaging after the subject has exercised is a useful adjunct to conventional exercise electrocardiography, especially in those whose exercise electrocardiogram is non-interpretable. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5 PMID:630487

Morphometric and histological analysis of the lungs of Syrian golden hamsters.

PubMed Central

Kennedy, A R; Desrosiers, A; Terzaghi, M; Little, J B

1978-01-01

Hamster lung morphometry and histology have been studied in an attempt to determine differences between hamster and human lungs which may have relevance for lung carcinogenesis studies. Morphometric measurements were made on fresh lungs, lung casts, and histological sections. Cell type and frequency measurements were determined from frozen, paraffin, 1 micron plastic (glycol methacrylate) and electron microscopic sections. A standard terminology for hamster lung histology is established, and differences between hamster and human lung morphometry and histology are discussed. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 PMID:640957

The diagnosis and treatment of peptic oesophagitis

PubMed Central

Wooler, Geoffrey

1961-01-01

An account is given of the treatment of peptic oesophagitis, in which the importance of repairing a hernia which is producing peptic ulceration is emphasized. Mobilization of the oesophagus muct be carried out as far up as is necessary for the hernia to reduce without tension. When there is a firm stricture which will not respond to treatment, associated with shortening of the oesophagus, resection and interposing a loop of jejunum is the operation of choice which in this series has been performed without mortality. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8FIG. 10FIG. 11FIG. 12FIG. 13FIG. 14FIG. 15FIG. 16 PMID:13786623

Congenital malformations of human dermatoglyphs

PubMed Central

David, T. J.

1973-01-01

A classification for congenital malformations of dermatoglyphs is presented, dividing them into ridge aplasia, ridge hypoplasia, ridge dissociation, ridges-off-the-end, and a combination of the last two. The medical and genetic significance of these are considered in the light both of previous published cases and of new material. Malformations of dermatoglyphs are important as physical signs in paediatric diagnosis. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7 PMID:4693462

VSF Measurements and Inversion for RaDyO

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-30

near-surface waters, including the surf zone. APPROACH MASCOT (Multi-Angle SCattering Optical Tool) has a 30 mW 658 nm laser diode source...in Santa Barbara Channel are provided in Fig. 1. Despite the widespread use of polarized laser sources across a diversity of Navy applications, this...operations that rely on divers, cameras, laser imaging systems, and active and passive remote sensing systems. These include mine countermeasures, harbor

Laser and Electrochemical Studies of Metallizations Electronic Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-01

AES Surface Analyses Profile at Laser Non-Irradiated Zone .... ............ .. 47 Fig 3.15 AES Surface Analyses Profile at laser Gold Depsit Zone...After Various Times of Ion Sputtering .... ............. ... 48 Fig 3.16 ESCA Surface Analyses Profile of Laser Gold Deposit Zone After Sputtering...57 Table 3.4 Resistance Measurement of Two Point Probes Laser Gold Line Deposits on Superconductive Specimen Material ..... . 58 Fig 3.19

Mercury (Hg) mineral evolution: Supercontinent assembly, ocean geochemistry and the terrestrial biosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hazen, R. M.; Downs, R. T.; Golden, J.; Grew, E. S.; Azzolini, D.; Sverjensky, D. A.

2011-12-01

Temporal and geographic distribution of 90 known Hg minerals exemplify principals of mineral evolution. Since the appearance of cinnabar at ~3 Ga, Hg minerals have been present continuously at or near Earth's surface (Fig.1). Mercury mineral evolution is characterized by episodic deposition and diversification associated with the supercontinent cycle. Increases in reported Hg mineral localities and new Hg species occur during intervals of presumed supercontinent assembly and associated orogenies of Kenorland, Nuna and Pangea (Fig.2), while few Hg deposits are reported from intervals of supercontinent stability and breakup. Pangean supercontinent stability and breakup (~250-65 Ma) shows declines in mercury mineralization; however, rocks of the last 65 Ma are characterized by numerous ephemeral near-surface Hg deposits. Hg was effectively sequestered during the sulfidic "intermediate ocean" (~1.85-0.85 Ga); consequently, few Hg deposits formed during the aggregation of Rodinia. Mercury mineralization is enhanced by interactions with organic matter, so a recent pulse of Hg minerals may reflect the rise of a terrestrial biosphere at ~400 Ma.

Classification Scheme for Diverse Sedimentary and Igneous Rocks Encountered by MSL in Gale Crater

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, M. E.; Mangold, N.; Fisk, M.; Forni, O.; McLennan, S.; Ming, D. W.; Sumner, D.; Sautter, V.; Williams, A. J.; Gellert, R.

2015-01-01

The Curiosity Rover landed in a lithologically and geochemically diverse region of Mars. We present a recommended rock classification framework based on terrestrial schemes, and adapted for the imaging and analytical capabilities of MSL as well as for rock types distinctive to Mars (e.g., high Fe sediments). After interpreting rock origin from textures, i.e., sedimentary (clastic, bedded), igneous (porphyritic, glassy), or unknown, the overall classification procedure (Fig 1) involves: (1) the characterization of rock type according to grain size and texture; (2) the assignment of geochemical modifiers according to Figs 3 and 4; and if applicable, in depth study of (3) mineralogy and (4) geologic/stratigraphic context. Sedimentary rock types are assigned by measuring grains in the best available resolution image (Table 1) and classifying according to the coarsest resolvable grains as conglomerate/breccia, (coarse, medium, or fine) sandstone, silt-stone, or mudstone. If grains are not resolvable in MAHLI images, grains in the rock are assumed to be silt sized or smaller than surface dust particles. Rocks with low color contrast contrast between grains (e.g., Dismal Lakes, sol 304) are classified according to minimum size of apparent grains from surface roughness or shadows outlining apparent grains. Igneous rocks are described as intrusive or extrusive depending on crystal size and fabric. Igneous textures may be described as granular, porphyritic, phaneritic, aphyric, or glassy depending on crystal size. Further descriptors may include terms such as vesicular or cumulate textures.

PubMed Central

Lemaire, Marcellin; Gaumond, Emile

1965-01-01

Eight cases of xeroderma pigmentosum are described-six in family B. and two in family T. The criteria used in making this diagnosis are indicated. The occurrence of epitheliomas and melanoma was observed. In family B. five of the six patients are alive at time of reporting, their ages varying from 40 to 55 years. In family T. the two affected children died at ages 8 and 14 years. The differential diagnosis between xeroderma pigmentosum and other conditions is briefly discussed. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9 PMID:14261153

Tumours of bones and joints

PubMed Central

Misdorp, W.; Van Der Heul, R. O.

1976-01-01

Tumours of bones and joints are not infrequent in dogs but are rare in other domestic animals. In the dog, most bone tumours are malignant; osteosarcomas are by far the most frequently encountered tumours, especially in giant breeds and boxers. The following main categories of bone tumour are described: bone-forming, cartilage-forming, giant cell, marrow, vascular, miscellaneous, metastatic, unclassified, and tumour-like lesions. The tumours of joints and related structures are classified as synovial sarcomas, fibroxanthomas, and malignant giant cell tumour of soft tissues. ImagesFig. 21Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 29Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 33Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 37Fig. 38Fig. 39Fig. 40Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12 PMID:1086157

Ultrastructural Changes in Livers of Two Patients with Hypervitaminosis A

PubMed Central

Hruban, Zdenek; Russell, Robert M.; Boyer, James L.; Glagov, Seymour; Bagheri, Saeed A.

1974-01-01

The principal distinctive ultrastructural changes observed in the livers of 2 patients with chronic hypervitaminosis A were perisinusoidal fibrosis and massive accumulation of lipid-storing cells (Ito cells). The fibrosis consisted of a network of basement membranes with numerous bundles of collagen and reticulum fibrils. This network contained numerous Ito cells, and moderate numbers of lymphocytes, macrophoges and other mesenchymal cells. Impairment of blood flow by perisinusoidal fibrosis probably resulted in the secondary alterations in hepatocytes which included cellular atrophy and formation of cytoplasmic bullae. ImagesFig 4Fig 5Fig 6Fig 16Fig 17Fig 18Fig 19Fig 7Fig 8Fig 9Fig 10Fig 11Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 12Fig 13Fig 14Fig 15 PMID:4416771

A highly oriented hybrid microarray modified electrode fabricated by a template-free method for ultrasensitive electrochemical DNA recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Lei; Chu, Zhenyu; Dong, Xueliang; Jin, Wanqin; Dempsey, Eithne

2013-10-01

Highly oriented growth of a hybrid microarray was realized by a facile template-free method on gold substrates for the first time. The proposed formation mechanism involves an interfacial structure-directing force arising from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) between gold substrates and hybrid crystals. Different SAMs and variable surface coverage of the assembled molecules play a critical role in the interfacial directing forces and influence the morphologies of hybrid films. A highly oriented hybrid microarray was formed on the highly aligned and vertical SAMs of 1,4-benzenedithiol molecules with rigid backbones, which afforded an intense structure-directing power for the oriented growth of hybrid crystals. Additionally, the density of the microarray could be adjusted by controlling the surface coverage of assembled molecules. Based on the hybrid microarray modified electrode with a large specific area (ca. 10 times its geometrical area), a label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor was constructed for the detection of an oligonucleotide fragment of the avian flu virus H5N1. The DNA biosensor displayed a significantly low detection limit of 5 pM (S/N = 3), a wide linear response from 10 pM to 10 nM, as well as excellent selectivity, good regeneration and high stability. We expect that the proposed template-free method can provide a new reference for the fabrication of a highly oriented hybrid array and the as-prepared microarray modified electrode will be a promising paradigm in constructing highly sensitive and selective biosensors.Highly oriented growth of a hybrid microarray was realized by a facile template-free method on gold substrates for the first time. The proposed formation mechanism involves an interfacial structure-directing force arising from self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) between gold substrates and hybrid crystals. Different SAMs and variable surface coverage of the assembled molecules play a critical role in the interfacial directing forces and influence the morphologies of hybrid films. A highly oriented hybrid microarray was formed on the highly aligned and vertical SAMs of 1,4-benzenedithiol molecules with rigid backbones, which afforded an intense structure-directing power for the oriented growth of hybrid crystals. Additionally, the density of the microarray could be adjusted by controlling the surface coverage of assembled molecules. Based on the hybrid microarray modified electrode with a large specific area (ca. 10 times its geometrical area), a label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor was constructed for the detection of an oligonucleotide fragment of the avian flu virus H5N1. The DNA biosensor displayed a significantly low detection limit of 5 pM (S/N = 3), a wide linear response from 10 pM to 10 nM, as well as excellent selectivity, good regeneration and high stability. We expect that the proposed template-free method can provide a new reference for the fabrication of a highly oriented hybrid array and the as-prepared microarray modified electrode will be a promising paradigm in constructing highly sensitive and selective biosensors. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Four-probe method for determining the conductivity of the hybrid crystal (Fig. S1); stability comparisons of the hybrid films (Fig. S2); FESEM images of the hybrid microarray (Fig. S3); electrochemical characterizations of the hybrid films (Fig. S4); DFT simulations (Fig. S5); cross-sectional FESEM image of the hybrid microarray (Fig. S6); regeneration and stability tests of the DNA biosensor (Fig. S7). See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03097k

Heterogeneity in horse ferritins. A comparative study of surface charge, iron content and kinetics of iron uptake.

PubMed Central

Russell, S M; Harrison, P M

1978-01-01

Horse ferritins from different organs show heterogeneity on electrofocusing in Ampholine gradients. Both ferritin and apoferritin from liver and spleen could be fractionated with respect to surface charge by serial precipitation with (NH4)2SO4. In the ferritin fractions, increasing iron content parallels increasing isoelectric point. After removal of their iron, those fractions which originally contained most iron accumulated added iron at the fastest rates. When unfractionated ferritins from different organs were compared the average isoelectric point increased in order spleen less than liver less than kidney less than heart. The order of initial rates of iron uptake by the apoferritins was spleen greater than kidney greater than heart and initial average iron contents also followed this order. The relatively low rates of iron accumulation by iron-poor molecules may have been due to structural alteration, to degradation, to activation of the iron-rich molecules or to other factors. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. PMID:736908

The effects of antibodies on cells

PubMed Central

Dumonde, D. C.; Bitensky, Lucille; Cunningham, G. J.; Chayen, J.

1965-01-01

Biochemical and histochemical methods were used to study the interaction of antibodies and complement with mouse Ehrlich ascites tumour cells. In the presence of complement, both iso- and hetero-antibodies caused cell lysis with penetration of antibodies into the damaged cells, as detected by immunofluorescence; the cells were then unable to support aerobic glycolysis though they retained their ability to consume oxygen in the presence of succinate. Under these conditions there was unmasking of phospholipid particularly at the cell surface, together with lysosomal changes resulting in diffuse staining for lysosomal acid—phosphatase. In the absence of complement, antibodies did not appear to penetrate the cells which respired normally and were not lysed. However, in these cells there was intense lysosomal activation accompanied by unmasking of cytoplasmic phospholipid; it appeared that an immune reaction confined to the cell surface was able to induce changes in the cytoplasm without acutely impairing the viability of the cell. ImagesFIGS. 1-8FIGS. 9-14 PMID:14245309

Watson-Jones Lecture, 1976. Some lesions of the brachial plexus.

PubMed Central

Bonney, G.

1977-01-01

Three types of lesion of the brachial plexus are discussed: entrapment syndrome; tumours; and traumatic lesions. In the first the importance of the pathological anatomy is stressed; in the second the rewarding results of accurate diagnosis and careful treatment are noted; and in the third the expanding possibilities of neural reconstruction and of specific treatment for pain are described. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 PMID:879635

Tinea Incognito

PubMed Central

Ive, F. Adrian; Marks, Ronald

1968-01-01

Fourteen cases are described in which the local application of corticosteroid preparations to ringworm infections of the skin have resulted in unusual clinical pictures. A kerion-like lesion due to Trichophyton rubrum, intertriginous infections simulating candidiasis and due to Epidermophyton floccosum, and pictures resembling poikiloderma, papular rosacea, and indeterminate leprosy are among the changes that were seen in these patients. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:5662546

Mycetoma caused by Nocardia madurae.

PubMed Central

Saksun, J. M.; Kane, J.; Schachter, R. K.

1978-01-01

Actinomycotic mycetoma was diagnosed in a woman from Jamaica living in Ontario. This is the first case reported in Canada in which the infection was caused by Nocardia madurae. Despite oral therapy with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, local excision of newly appearing nodules was required periodically for clinical improvement. Laboratory procedures were modified to aid in identification of pathogenic actinomycetes. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 PMID:737642

Collimator application for microchannel plate image intensifier resolution improvement

DOEpatents

Thomas, S.W.

1996-02-27

A collimator is included in a microchannel plate image intensifier (MCPI). Collimators can be useful in improving resolution of MCPIs by eliminating the scattered electron problem and by limiting the transverse energy of electrons reaching the screen. Due to its optical absorption, a collimator will also increase the extinction ratio of an intensifier by approximately an order of magnitude. Additionally, the smooth surface of the collimator will permit a higher focusing field to be employed in the MCP-to-collimator region than is currently permitted in the MCP-to-screen region by the relatively rough and fragile aluminum layer covering the screen. Coating the MCP and collimator surfaces with aluminum oxide appears to permit additional significant increases in the field strength, resulting in better resolution. 2 figs.

Laser and Electrochemical Studies of Metallization in Electronic Devices

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-11-15

3.14 AES Surface Analyses Profile at Laser Non-Irradiated Zone ...... ........... 47 Fig 3.15 AES Surface Analyses Profile at Laser Gold Deposit Zone...After Various Times of Ion Sputtering .... ............ ... 48 Fig 3.16 ESCA Surface Analyses Profile of Laser Gold Deposit Zone After Sputtering...57 Table 3.4 Resistance Measurement of Two Point Probes Laser Gold Line Deposits on Superconductive Specimen Material ..... . 58 Fig 3.19

Concurrent smallpox and chickenpox

PubMed Central

Sarkar, J. K.; Mitra, A. C.; Mukherjee, M. K.; Dumbell, K. P.; Almeida, J. D.

1976-01-01

Three patients showing smallpox- and chickenpox-like lesions simultaneously were investigated virologically. Both infections were confirmed in the laboratory and, in one case, by electron microscopy. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3 PMID:188559

Animal Identification

PubMed Central

Macpherson, J. W.; Penner, P.

1967-01-01

Five young seals and three mature seals were branded using liquid nitrogen cooled branding tools with xylol as a wetting agent. Preliminary results are encouraging as presented by photographic evidence. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2.Fig. 3. PMID:4229182

Direct observation of iron-induced conformational changes of mitochondrial DNA by high-resolution field-emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy.

PubMed Central

Yaffee, M; Walter, P; Richter, C; Müller, M

1996-01-01

When respiring rat liver mitochondria are incubated in the presence of Fe(III) gluconate, their DNA (mtDNA) relaxes from the supercoiled to the open circular form dependent on the iron dose. Anaerobiosis or antioxidants fail to completely inhibit the unwinding. High-resolution field-emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy imaging, in concert with backscattered electron detection, pinpoints nanometer-range iron colloids bound to mtDNA isolated from iron-exposed mitochondria. High-resolution field-emission in-lens scanning electron microscopy with backscattered electron detection imaging permits simultaneous detailed visual analysis of DNA topology, iron dose-dependent mtDNA unwinding, and assessment of iron colloid formation on mtDNA strands. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:8643576

British surgical aid to Jordan

PubMed Central

Boyd, N. A.; Barry, N. A.; Davies, A. K.

1971-01-01

The surgical commitment of No. 2 Field Hospital, R.A.M.C., during its stay in Jordan is presented. The majority of patients that were admitted had sustained war wounds, many of which were infected due to the delay in treatment. The difficulties encountered in their subsequent management are discussed. Special reference is made to the use of ketamine (Ketalar) and mafenide acetate (Sulphamylon) in the treatment of those burns cases under our care. It is the first time for many years that a British field hospital has been employed in an active rôle. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 8Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 2Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 9Fig. 10 PMID:5114910

The Art of Local Treatment (Or Laying it on Right)

PubMed Central

Ross, J. B.

1976-01-01

The principles of formulating a topical prescription are given. Indications for the use of the range of applications in the treatment of skin disease are described. Techniques of local application, dressing materials, and methods are reviewed. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4 PMID:21308023

The Skin Punch Biopsy

PubMed Central

Blakeman, J. M.

1983-01-01

The skin punch biopsy is a simple and safe office procedure which is a valuable aid in diagnosing many skin diseases. It can be performed in a few minutes and offers in most situations a very suitable histological specimen with a minimum amount of scarring and little or no pain or discomfort to the patient. The indications for skin biopsy, selection of a proper site and the technique are described. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7 PMID:21283375

Atypical Manifestations of Hyperthyroidism

PubMed Central

Boxall, E. A.; Lauener, R. W.; McIntosh, H. W.

1964-01-01

Patients with hyperthyroidism usually present with symptoms of hypermetabolism with or without goitre and/or eye signs. Occasionally, however, the chief complaints are not immediately suggestive of hyperthyroidism. Patients with hyperthyroidism are described who presented with such atypical manifestations as periodic muscular paralysis, myasthenia, myopathy, encephalopathy, psychosis, angina pectoris, atrial fibrillation, heart failure without underlying heart disease, skeletal demineralization, pretibial myxedema, unilateral eye signs, and pitting edema of the ankles. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 5Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10 PMID:14178405

Orthotics in Sports Shoes

PubMed Central

Schamberger, Wolf

1983-01-01

We are all born with a varying assortment of biomechanical discrepancies. Ordinarily these may be of no consequence, but to those who try to achieve excellence in a certain sport these discrepancies can spell the difference between success and failure. Some athletes may have to accept the fact that biomechanically the odds are against them ever becoming excellent and that intensive training may in fact be detrimental to their wellbeing. However, the majority can be helped with advice on proper shoe wear and orthotic correction. This article highlights the role of foot orthotics as indicated for various biomechanically-related problems commonly encountered in athletes. ImagesFig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 22Fig. 23 PMID:21283401

Electrical apparatus used in medicine before 1900.

PubMed Central

Cambridge, N A

1977-01-01

The Ancients had at their disposal torpedo fish, amber and magnets. It was not until the sixteenth century that ideas on the strange behaviour of amber and magnets were put forward. The eighteenth century saw the application of Newton's theories of matter and the introduction of the electrostatic machine, Galvanism and Volta's battery. In the nineteenth century there was extensive application of electricity in medical practice, with the development of electrocautery apparatus and illuminated cystoscopes, the pioneering of the electrocardiogram and the discovery of X-rays. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 Fig 7 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 10 Fig 11 Fig 12 PMID:335397

Compact fluorescence and white-light imaging system for intraoperative visualization of nerves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gray, Dan; Kim, Evgenia; Cotero, Victoria; Staudinger, Paul; Yazdanfar, Siavash; tan Hehir, Cristina

2012-02-01

Fluorescence image guided surgery (FIGS) allows intraoperative visualization of critical structures, with applications spanning neurology, cardiology and oncology. An unmet clinical need is prevention of iatrogenic nerve damage, a major cause of post-surgical morbidity. Here we describe the advancement of FIGS imaging hardware, coupled with a custom nerve-labeling fluorophore (GE3082), to bring FIGS nerve imaging closer to clinical translation. The instrument is comprised of a 405nm laser and a white light LED source for excitation and illumination. A single 90 gram color CCD camera is coupled to a 10mm surgical laparoscope for image acquisition. Synchronization of the light source and camera allows for simultaneous visualization of reflected white light and fluorescence using only a single camera. The imaging hardware and contrast agent were evaluated in rats during in situ surgical procedures.

A compact fluorescence and white light imaging system for intraoperative visualization of nerves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gray, Dan; Kim, Evgenia; Cotero, Victoria; Staudinger, Paul; Yazdanfar, Siavash; Tan Hehir, Cristina

2012-03-01

Fluorescence image guided surgery (FIGS) allows intraoperative visualization of critical structures, with applications spanning neurology, cardiology and oncology. An unmet clinical need is prevention of iatrogenic nerve damage, a major cause of post-surgical morbidity. Here we describe the advancement of FIGS imaging hardware, coupled with a custom nerve-labeling fluorophore (GE3082), to bring FIGS nerve imaging closer to clinical translation. The instrument is comprised of a 405nm laser and a white light LED source for excitation and illumination. A single 90 gram color CCD camera is coupled to a 10mm surgical laparoscope for image acquisition. Synchronization of the light source and camera allows for simultaneous visualization of reflected white light and fluorescence using only a single camera. The imaging hardware and contrast agent were evaluated in rats during in situ surgical procedures.

Fingerprint Changes in Coeliac Disease

PubMed Central

David, T. J.; Ajdukiewicz, A. B.; Read, A. E.

1970-01-01

Study of the fingerprints of 73 patients with coeliac disease, taken carefully, showed changes varying between moderate epidermal ridge atrophy and actual loss of fingerprint patterns. Of the patients 63 had these abnormalities, compared with 3 out of 485 controls. A high degree of correlation existed between ridge atrophy and changes in the clinical state of patients with coeliac disease. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:5488703

Decortication of the Lung

PubMed Central

Lynn, R. B.; Wellington, J. L.

1963-01-01

Excision of an empyema sac and thickened pleura from the lung and chest wall has been performed for over 70 years. The most appropriate fields of application of this procedure are in treatment of tuberculous empyema, empyema complicating pneumonic processes (most frequently caused by staphylococcal infection), and clotted hemothorax following chest injury. The authors' experience with 33 such decortications in the past five years is described, observations concerning the techniques, complications, and end results of the procedure are discussed, and illustrative case reports are presented. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9 PMID:14098889

Echo-planar magnetic resonance imaging studies of frontal cortex activation during word generation in humans.

PubMed Central

McCarthy, G; Blamire, A M; Rothman, D L; Gruetter, R; Shulman, R G

1993-01-01

Nine subjects were studied by high-speed magnetic resonance imaging while performing language-based tasks. Subjects were asked either to repeat or to generate verbs associated with nouns read by an experimenter while magnetic resonance images were obtained of the left inferior frontal lobe. The echo-planar imaging sequence was used with a gradient echo time of 70 ms to give an apparent transverse relaxation time weighting (T2* that is sensitive to local hemoglobin levels. Images were acquired every 3 s (repetition time) in series of 32. In plane resolution was 6 x 4.5 mm and slice thickness was 10 mm. An increase in signal accompanied performance of the tasks, with significantly more activation for verb generation than for repeating. The activation effect occurred within 3 s after task onset and could be observed in single images from individual subjects. The primary focus of activation appeared in gray matter along a sulcus anterior to the lateral sulcus that included the anterior insula, Brodmann's area 47, and extending to area 10. Little or no activation of this region was found for a passive listening, covert generation, or mouth-movement control tasks. Significant activation was also found for a homologous region in the right frontal cortex but not for control regions in calcarine cortex. These results are consistent with prior studies that have used positron emission tomography imaging with 15O-labeled water as a blood flow tracer. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:8506340

Early Stages of Interface Formation at Compound Semiconductor Surfaces Studied by Scanning Tunneling Microscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

classical image potential in an ideal creasing gap separation, that is specific to the form of the metal- insulator -semiconductor (MIS) junction...with which one can precisely adjust s, and hence continuously vary the vacvuum barrier, is a potentially valuable tool for investigating this effect- By... insulator -semiconductor (MIS) junction similar to that shown in Fig. I diverge at the semiconductor-vacuum and vacuum-metal interfaces [7,81. These

Solderability test system

DOEpatents

Yost, F.; Hosking, F.M.; Jellison, J.L.; Short, B.; Giversen, T.; Reed, J.R.

1998-10-27

A new test method to quantify capillary flow solderability on a printed wiring board surface finish. The test is based on solder flow from a pad onto narrow strips or lines. A test procedure and video image analysis technique were developed for conducting the test and evaluating the data. Feasibility tests revealed that the wetted distance was sensitive to the ratio of pad radius to line width (l/r), solder volume, and flux predry time. 11 figs.

Medusae Fossae #1

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-03-13

Extensive wind-swept plains of the Medusae Fossae formation on Mars. This northern subframe image, frame 3104, is of a 3.0 x 4.7 km area centered near 2.4 degrees north, 163.8 degrees west. Science Magazine, Volume 279, Number 5357, 13 March 1998, M. C. Malin, et. al., "Early Views of the Martian Surface from the Mars Orbiter Camera of Mars Global Surveyor", pp. 1681-1685 (Fig. 1A) http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA00800

Cutaneous myiasis due to Tumbu fly.

PubMed Central

James, A S; Stevenson, J

1992-01-01

A case of cutaneous myiasis due to larvae of the Tumbu fly Cordylobia anthropophaga is reported. The clinical presentation, treatment and prevention of this infestation is described. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:1567531

Simultaneous cell death in the trigeminal ganglion and in ganglion neurons present in the oculomotor nerve of the bovine fetus.

PubMed Central

Bortolami, R; Lucchi, M L; Callegari, E; Barazzoni, A M; Costerbosa, G L; Scapolo, P A

1990-01-01

A well-developed ganglion and scattered ganglion cells are present in the intracranial portion of the oculomotor nerve during the first half of fetal life in the ox. In the second half of fetal life a dramatic reduction of the ganglion cells associated with the oculomotor nerve occurs because of spontaneous cell death. Concomitantly, the same phenomenon of cell death is found in the trigeminal ganglion, especially in its rostromedial portion. Free degenerating perikarya can be found in the cavernous sinus. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:2384329

Dendrimer-encapsulated naphthalocyanine as a single agent-based theranostic nanoplatform for near-infrared fluorescence imaging and combinatorial anticancer phototherapy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taratula, Olena; Schumann, Canan; Duong, Tony; Taylor, Karmin L.; Taratula, Oleh

2015-02-01

Multifunctional theranostic platforms capable of concurrent near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and phototherapies are strongly desired for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the integration of separate imaging and therapeutic components into nanocarriers results in complex theranostic systems with limited translational potential. A single agent-based theranostic nanoplatform, therefore, was developed for concurrent NIR fluorescence imaging and combinatorial phototherapy with dual photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapeutic mechanisms. The transformation of a substituted silicon naphthalocyanine (SiNc) into a biocompatible nanoplatform (SiNc-NP) was achieved by SiNc encapsulation into the hydrophobic interior of a generation 5 polypropylenimine dendrimer following surface modification with polyethylene glycol. Encapsulation provides aqueous solubility to SiNc and preserves its NIR fluorescence, PDT and PTT properties. Moreover, an impressive photostability in the dendrimer-encapsulated SiNc has been detected. Under NIR irradiation (785 nm, 1.3 W cm-2), SiNc-NP manifested robust heat generation capability (ΔT = 40 °C) and efficiently produced reactive oxygen species essential for PTT and PDT, respectively, without releasing SiNc from the nanopaltform. By varying the laser power density from 0.3 W cm-2 to 1.3 W cm-2 the therapeutic mechanism of SiNc-NP could be switched from PDT to combinatorial PDT-PTT treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that phototherapy mediated by SiNc can efficiently destroy chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer cells. Remarkably, solid tumors treated with a single dose of SiNc-NP combined with NIR irradiation were completely eradicated without cancer recurrence. Finally, the efficiency of SiNc-NP as an NIR imaging agent was confirmed by recording the strong fluorescence signal in the tumor, which was not photobleached during the phototherapeutic procedure.Multifunctional theranostic platforms capable of concurrent near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and phototherapies are strongly desired for cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the integration of separate imaging and therapeutic components into nanocarriers results in complex theranostic systems with limited translational potential. A single agent-based theranostic nanoplatform, therefore, was developed for concurrent NIR fluorescence imaging and combinatorial phototherapy with dual photodynamic (PDT) and photothermal (PTT) therapeutic mechanisms. The transformation of a substituted silicon naphthalocyanine (SiNc) into a biocompatible nanoplatform (SiNc-NP) was achieved by SiNc encapsulation into the hydrophobic interior of a generation 5 polypropylenimine dendrimer following surface modification with polyethylene glycol. Encapsulation provides aqueous solubility to SiNc and preserves its NIR fluorescence, PDT and PTT properties. Moreover, an impressive photostability in the dendrimer-encapsulated SiNc has been detected. Under NIR irradiation (785 nm, 1.3 W cm-2), SiNc-NP manifested robust heat generation capability (ΔT = 40 °C) and efficiently produced reactive oxygen species essential for PTT and PDT, respectively, without releasing SiNc from the nanopaltform. By varying the laser power density from 0.3 W cm-2 to 1.3 W cm-2 the therapeutic mechanism of SiNc-NP could be switched from PDT to combinatorial PDT-PTT treatment. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed that phototherapy mediated by SiNc can efficiently destroy chemotherapy resistant ovarian cancer cells. Remarkably, solid tumors treated with a single dose of SiNc-NP combined with NIR irradiation were completely eradicated without cancer recurrence. Finally, the efficiency of SiNc-NP as an NIR imaging agent was confirmed by recording the strong fluorescence signal in the tumor, which was not photobleached during the phototherapeutic procedure. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fig. S1-S5: Size distribution of SiNc-NP measured by dynamic light scattering (Fig. S1); absorption spectra of free SiNc 2 in THF before and after irradiation with the 785 nm laser diode for 30 min (Fig. S2); in vitro cytotoxicity of free DOX against A2780/AD human ovarian cancer cells (Fig. S3); the release profiles of SiNc from SiNc-NP under various conditions (Fig. S4); body weight curves of the mice with or without treatment (Fig. S5). See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr06050d

Histologic Fate of the Venous Coronary Artery Bypass in Dogs

PubMed Central

Brody, William R.; Angell, William W.; Kosek, Jon C.

1972-01-01

The histologic fate of venous grafts used for coronary artery bypass has been observed with light and electron microscopy in dogs. Endothelial damage and thrombosis were chiefly limited to the first postoperative week. The muscular media uniformly suffered extensive necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration during the first week. Its smooth muscle cells either hypertrophied, died or underwent apparent fibroblastic transformation, with eventual fibrous replacement, to a variable degree, of the vein wall. Vascular wall ischemia due to interruption of vasa vasorum during transplantation appears to initiate these medial changes. Much more slowly, intimal thickening by myointimal cells and collagen may reduce the graft lumen to a variable extent. ImagesFig 8Fig 9Fig 18Fig 19Fig 20Fig 21Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 10Fig 11Fig 12Fig 22Fig 23Fig 24Fig 25Fig 13Fig 14Fig 4Fig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 15Fig 16Fig 17 PMID:5009248

The value of percutaneous cholangiography

PubMed Central

Evison, Gordon; McNulty, Myles; Thomson, Colin

1973-01-01

Percutaneous cholangiograms performed on fifty patients in a district general hospital have been reviewed, and the advantages and limitations of the examination are described. The investigation is considered to have sufficient diagnostic value to warrant its inclusion in the diagnostic armamentarium of every general radiological department. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4 PMID:4788917

Optical method and apparatus for detection of surface and near-subsurface defects in dense ceramics

DOEpatents

Ellingson, W.A.; Brada, M.P.

1995-06-20

A laser is used in a non-destructive manner to detect surface and near-subsurface defects in dense ceramics and particularly in ceramic bodies with complex shapes such as ceramic bearings, turbine blades, races, and the like. The laser`s wavelength is selected based upon the composition of the ceramic sample and the laser can be directed on the sample while the sample is static or in dynamic rotate or translate motion. Light is scattered off surface and subsurface defects using a preselected polarization. The change in polarization angle is used to select the depth and characteristics of surface/subsurface defects. The scattered light is detected by an optical train consisting of a charge coupled device (CCD), or vidicon, television camera which, in turn, is coupled to a video monitor and a computer for digitizing the image. An analyzing polarizer in the optical train allows scattered light at a given polarization angle to be observed for enhancing sensitivity to either surface or near-subsurface defects. Application of digital image processing allows subtraction of digitized images in near real-time providing enhanced sensitivity to subsurface defects. Storing known ``feature masks`` of identified defects in the computer and comparing the detected scatter pattern (Fourier images) with the stored feature masks allows for automatic classification of detected defects. 29 figs.

Z-membranes: artificial organelles for overexpressing recombinant integral membrane proteins.

PubMed Central

Gong, F C; Giddings, T H; Meehl, J B; Staehelin, L A; Galbraith, D W

1996-01-01

We have expressed a fusion protein formed between the avian infectious bronchitis virus M protein and the bacterial enzyme beta-glucuronidase in transgenic tobacco cells. Electron microscope images of such cells demonstrate that overexpression of this fusion protein gives rise to a type of endoplasmic reticulum membrane domain in which adjacent membranes become zippered together apparently as a consequence of the oligomerizing action of beta-glucuronidase. These zippered (Z-) membranes lack markers of the endoplasmic reticulum (NADH cytochrome c reductase and ribosomes) and accumulate in the cells in the form of multilayered scroll-like structures (up to 2 micrometers in diameter; 20-50 per cell) without affecting plant growth. The discovery of Z-membranes has broad implications for biology and biotechnology in that they provide a means for accumulating large quantities of recombinant membrane proteins within discrete domains of native membranes. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:8700911

Treatment of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin by Electrodesiccation and Curettage

PubMed Central

Williamson, George S.; Jackson, Robert

1964-01-01

Results of treatment of 108 squamous cell carcinomas of the skin are analyzed. Fiftyone were successfully treated by the technique of electrodesiccation and curettage. There were two treatment failures by this method. Large squamous cell cancers showing histologically a marked degree of anaplasia and/or invasion are not suitable for this technique. Small squamous cell carcinomas, well differentiated, with minimal invasion, occurring on the exposed areas, in elderly and infirm patients can be treated successfully by electrodesiccation and curettage. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8 PMID:14123665

Some risk factors in trampolining illustrated by six serious injuries.

PubMed Central

Hammer, A.; Schwartzbach, A. L.; Paulev, P. E.

1982-01-01

Four case histories out of 75 significant trampoline injuries (from a total of 198 injuries re-examined) plus two recent accidents (1979) are presented, illustrating that the trampoline is posing an undue risk of serious injury. It is argued that the only single factor capable of preventing trampoline injuries is a trampoline ban. This is imperative in schools. Trampoline clubs are advised to reconsider the risk factors involved. Images p27-a p27-b p27-c Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:7066612

Clothing for Sports: Part 1: Fashion Foils Phidippides, Proves Fatal At Finish

PubMed Central

Schamberger, Wolf

1985-01-01

The choice of clothing for any particular sport can be made on a reasonably scientific basis, taking into account hot, cold or wet conditions, effects on temperature regulating mechanism, ability to enhance athletic performance, safety and comfort. Part 1 of this two-part article discusses the selection of garments for any sports activity according to specific properties of certain fabrics and also covers safety gear, sports brassieres and shoes. ImagesFig. 4Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 5 and 6Fig. 7Fig. 8 PMID:21274113

Emplacement of Volcanic Domes on Venus and Europa

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quick, Lynnae C.; Glaze, Lori S.; Baloga, Steve M.

2015-01-01

Placing firmer constraints on the emplacement timescales of visible volcanic features is essential to obtaining a better understanding of the resurfacing history of Venus. Fig. 1 shows a Magellan radar image and topography for a putative venusian lava dome. 175 such domes have been identified, having diameters that range from 19 - 94 km, and estimated thicknesses as great as 4 km [1-2]. These domes are thought to be volcanic in origin [3], having formed by the flow of a viscous fluid (i.e., lava) onto the surface. Among the unanswered questions surrounding the formation of Venus steep-sided domes are their emplacement duration, composition, and the rheology of the lava. Rheologically speaking, maintenance of extremely thick, 1-4 km flows necessitates higher viscosity lavas, while the domes' smooth upper surfaces imply the presence of lower viscosity lavas [2-3]. Further, numerous quantitative issues, such as the nature and duration of lava supply, how long the conduit remained open and capable of supplying lava, the volumetric flow rate, and the role of rigid crust in influencing flow and final morphology all have implications for subsurface magma ascent and local surface stress conditions. The surface of Jupiter's icy moon Europa exhibits many putative cryovolcanic constructs [5-7], and previous workers have suggested that domical positive relief features imaged by the Galileo spacecraft may be volcanic in origin [5,7-8] (Fig. 2). Though often smaller than Venus domes, if emplaced as a viscous fluid, formation mechanisms for europan domes may be similar to those of venusian domes [7]. Models for the emplacement of venusian lava domes (e.g. [9-10]) have been previously applied to the formation of putative cryolava domes on Europa [7].

Virus specific antigens in mammalian cells infected with herpes simplex virus

PubMed Central

Watson, D. H.; Shedden, W. I. H.; Elliot, A.; Tetsuka, T.; Wildy, P.; Bourgaux-Ramoisy, D.; Gold, E.

1966-01-01

Antisera to specific proteins in herpes simplex infected cells were produced by immunization of rabbits with infected rabbit kidney cells. These antisera were highly virus specific and produced up to twelve lines in immunodiffusion tests against infected cell extracts. Acrylamide electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis revealed up to ten virus specific proteins of varying size. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5 PMID:4288648

Proliferative capability of parietal and zymogen cells.

PubMed Central

Chen, K Y; Withers, H R

1975-01-01

Six to eight week old male mice of C3Hf/Bu strain were killed and studied at various times from 30 minutes to 30 days after tritiated thymidine (3H-TdR) injection. Labelling of parietal and zymogen cells was observed in autoradiographic histological specimens. There were 590 +/- 22 gastric glands per circumference at the body of the stomach. Parietal cells were counted as 16-2 (14-0-18-4) per gland or 9600 per circumference. There were 11-4 (9-4-13-7) zymogen cells per gland or 6700 per circumference. Two labelled immature parietal cells per circumference were seen 30 minutes after 3H-TdR injection, equivalent to a ratio of 1:5000; more mature labelled parietal cells were seen at later times up to 30 days. There was evidence for proliferation during maturation and downward migration of cells toward the body and the lower part of the gastric gland. Our data support earlier evidence that immature parietal cells constantly supply mature parietal cells through migration from a proliferative zone. Whether the parietal cells are derived from the same stem cell compartment as surface epithelium cells is unclear at the present time. An average of 2-6 zymogen cells per circumference, or 1:2500, was found to be labelled. While most zymogen cells were not proliferating, cells entered the proliferating cycle at random. Based on the findings reported in this paper and the radiation responses of both parietal and zymogen cells, it is postulated that they form part of a slow renewal system. Images Fig. 1 (cont.) Fig. 1 (cont.) Fig. 1 (cont.) Fig. 1 Fig. 2 (cont.) Fig. 2 (cont.) Fig. 2 PMID:1213947

Carbenicillin and gentamicin in the treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

PubMed Central

Yuce, Kemal; van Rooyen, C. E.

1971-01-01

The administration separately and sequentially of carbenicillin and gentamicin eradicated Ps. aeruginosa infections, during the period over which they were given, in all of 25 critically ill patients. Electron microscopy revealed differences in the action of these two antibiotics against Ps. aeruginosa in vitro. Culture studies showed synergism between them and destruction by gentamicin of the carbenicillin-induced long, filamentous form of the organism. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:5004774

Gastric tumorigenesis by a single dose of 4-(hydroxymethyl)benzenediazonium ion of Agaricus bisporus.

PubMed Central

Toth, B.; Nagel, D.; Ross, A.

1982-01-01

4-(Hydroxymethyl-benzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate was administered as a single intragastric instillation at 400 micrograms/g to Swiss albino mice. The treatment gave rise to glandular stomach tumours in incidences of 30% in females and 32% in males. Histopathologically, the tumours were classified as polypoid adenomas and adenocarcinomas. This diazonium ion is an ingredient of the cultivated mushroom of commerce, Agaricus bisporus. The implications are self-evident. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:6889885

Objectivity in the classification of tumours of the nasal epithelium

PubMed Central

Michaels, L.; Hyams, V. J.

1975-01-01

A survey of tumours derived from each of the four cell types of nasal epithelium is presented. Criticism is levelled at the adoption of additional terms for tissue types such as lympho-epithelium and transitional cell epithelium and tumours said to be derived from them. Electron microscopy is of assistance in classification particularly in the detection of evidence of keratin synthesis. The proposed classification of tumours of the nasal epithelium is: (1) Pseudostratified columnar epithelium: (a) papillary adenoma, (b) papillary carcinoma. (2) Squamous epithelium: (a) everted squamous papilloma, (b) inverted papilloma, (c) squamous carcinoma of any grade of differentiation from well differentiated to undifferentiated. (3) Melanocyte: malignant melanoma. (4) Olfactory neuroepithelium: olfactory neuroblastoma. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 21Fig. 20 PMID:1197175

The endocrine polypeptide cells of the human stomach, duodenum, and jejunum

PubMed Central

Pearse, A. G. E.; Coulling, I.; Weavers, B.; Friesen, S.

1970-01-01

Thirty specimens of stomach, duodenum, and jejunum, removed at operation, were examined by optical microscopical, cytochemical, and electron microscopical techniques. The overall distribution of four types of endocrine polypeptide cell in the stomach, and three in the intestine, was determined. The seven cell types are described by names and letters belonging to a scheme for nomenclature agreed upon at the 1969 Wiesbaden conference on gastrointestinal hormones. The gastrin-secreting G cell was the only cell for which firm identification with a known hormone was possible. Although there was wide variation in the distribution of the various cells, from one case to another, striking differences were nevertheless observable, with respect to the G cell, between antra from carcinoma and from ulcer cases. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17 PMID:4919258

Tumours of the upper alimentary tract

PubMed Central

Head, K. W.

1976-01-01

Tumours of the oropharynx of domestic animals are common in most parts of the world, but squamous cell carcinoma of the upper alimentary tract shows differences in prevalence in different geographical areas and occurs at different sites in the various species. Oral tumours of the melanogenic system are more common in dogs than in man. The following main histological categories, which broadly correspond to those used in the classification of tumours of man, are described: papilloma; squamous cell carcinoma; salivary gland tumours; malignant melanoma; tumours of soft (mesenchymal) tissues; tumours of the facial bones; tumours of haematopoietic and related tissues; and odontogenic tumours and jaw cysts. Papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, fibroma, and fibrosarcoma account for about 80% of the tumours that occur in the upper alimentary tract of domestic animals. ImagesFig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36Fig. 37Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 29Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 33Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 1 PMID:1086147

Converting Geometry from Creo Parametric to BRL-CAD

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-28

15 Fig. 25 Disable use of CSG in output.............................................................. 15 Fig. 26 Write surface normals...converter. As the code needed to be modernized in any case, some of the simpler requests have also been targeted for implementation: • Writing ...does support them. They will be saved during conversion if this option is enabled. Fig. 26 Write surface normals when outputting triangle meshes

Light-induced voltage alteration for integrated circuit analysis

DOEpatents

Cole, E.I. Jr.; Soden, J.M.

1995-07-04

An apparatus and method are described for analyzing an integrated circuit (IC). The invention uses a focused light beam that is scanned over a surface of the IC to generate a light-induced voltage alteration (LIVA) signal for analysis of the IC. The LIVA signal may be used to generate an image of the IC showing the location of any defects in the IC; and it may be further used to image and control the logic states of the IC. The invention has uses for IC failure analysis, for the development of ICs, for production-line inspection of ICs, and for qualification of ICs. 18 figs.

Human fetal enterocytes in vitro: modulation of the phenotype by extracellular matrix.

PubMed Central

Sanderson, I R; Ezzell, R M; Kedinger, M; Erlanger, M; Xu, Z X; Pringault, E; Leon-Robine, S; Louvard, D; Walker, W A

1996-01-01

The differentiation of small intestinal epithelial cells may require stimulation by microenvironmental factors in vivo. In this study, the effects of mesenchymal and luminal elements in nonmalignant epithelia] cells isolated from the human fetus were studied in vitro. Enterocytes from the human fetus were cultured and microenvironmental factors were added in stages, each stage more closely approximating the microenvironment in vivo. Four stages were examined: epithelial cells derived on plastic from intestinal culture and grown as a cell clone, the same cells grown on connective tissue support, primary epithelial explants grown on fibroblasts with a laminin base, and primary epithelial explants grown on fibroblasts and laminin with n-butyrate added to the incubation medium. The epithelial cell clone dedifferentiated when grown on plastic; however, the cells expressed cytokeratins and villin as evidence of their epithelial cell origin. Human connective tissue matrix from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm sarcoma cells (Matrigel) modulated their phenotype: alkaline phosphatase activity increased, microvilli developed on their apical surface, and the profile of insulin-like growth factor binding proteins resembled that secreted by differentiated enterocytes. Epithelial cells taken directly from the human fetus as primary cultures and grown as explants on fibroblasts and laminin expressed greater specific enzyme activities in brush border membrane fractions than the cell clone. These activities were enhanced by the luminal molecule sodium butyrate. Thus the sequential addition of connective tissue and luminal molecules to nonmalignant epithelia] cells in vitro induces a spectrum of changes in the epithelial cell phenotype toward full differentiation. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:8755542

Primary Macroglobulinemia

PubMed Central

Edwards, A. M.; Costopoulous, L. B.; Bell, H. E.

1964-01-01

Clinical features presented by a patient with primary macroglobulinemia over a four-year period included cachexia, weight loss, bleeding tendency, anemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly and recurrent pulmonary bacterial infections. Immunoelectrophoresis demonstrated the presence of a β2 macroglobulin which, on ultracentrifugation, was found to have a sedimentation constant of 14.9 S20, w; this macroglobulin constituted over 40% of the total serum protein. Postmortem findings included the typical “naked” lymphocyte infiltration of the reticuloendothelial system, with septic embolization from a terminal Gram-negative bacteremia, associated with a mesenteric vascular occlusion. A feature of particular interest was the antemortem appearance of gas in the portal venous system, shown on two abdominal scout radiographs taken one and two hours before death. The diagnostic significance of this rare radiologic sign is discussed. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15 PMID:14226112

Cell death during the development of the truncus and conus of the chick embryo heart.

PubMed Central

Hurle, J M; Ojeda, J L

1979-01-01

The presence of cell death in the walls of the truncus and conus of the developing chick heart was investigated by a variety of light and electron microscopic techniques. Necrotic areas were observed in the myocardial layer of the truncus and conus and within the mesenchymal cells of the truncoconal ridges and aortopulmonary septum. These necrotic zones appeared first at Stage 25-26 and reached their maximum extent at Stages 29-32 undergoing later progressive disappearance. The morphological changes of the degenerating cells detectable under both transmission and scanning electron microscopy are also reported. The possible role of cell death in the morphogenesis of the truncus and conus is discussed. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 PMID:500497

Demonstration of elastic fibres with reagents for detection of magnesium.

PubMed Central

Müller, W; Firsching, R

1991-01-01

Investigation of elastic fibres in various human and animal tissues with the reagents quinalizarin, magneson II, and titan yellow for the detection of magnesium revealed striking positive results. After pretreatment of skin and ligamentum flavum with elastase the tests were negative. The results support the supposition that the amount of magnesium in elastic fibres is sufficient for histochemical detection. It is speculated that the marked chelate-forming property of magnesium, or its antagonistic function to calcium, is associated with the elastic property of the fibres. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:1711022

Immunohistochemistry of carcinoembryonic antigen: characterisation of cross-reactions with other glycoproteins.

PubMed Central

Isaacson, P; Judd, M A

1977-01-01

In the course of demonstrating carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in normal human small intestine cross-reactivity of specific antiserum against red blood cells, vascular endothelium, and Paneth cell granules was noted. Pretreatment of sections with periodic acid eliminated these cross-reactions without affecting the staining of CEA, indicating that the antigenic determinants shared between CEA and other glycoproteins are in the carbohydrate portion of the molecules. These findings emphasise the caution with which immunohistochemical results should be regarded even when they are apparently well controlled. Images Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:73495

Fungal Infections: The Stubborn Cases

PubMed Central

Adam, John E.

1982-01-01

Despite development of numerous antifungal preparations, mycotic infections persist, because of inaccurate diagnosis leading to inappropriate therapy, drug failure, non-compliance or resistance of the organism to antifungal medication. Direct KOH examination is the simplest method of proving the existence of a fungus. Fungal infections tend to be overdiagnosed; disorders which do not improve with three to four weeks of treatment should be reassessed before being labelled ‘stubborn’. Griseofulvin is effective treatment for all dermatophytes, but has certain side effects. Newer topical antifungals are also effective, but no single drug cures all fungal infections. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8 PMID:20469387

Anatomic viral detection is automated: the application of a robotic molecular pathology system for the detection of DNA viruses in anatomic pathology substrates, using immunocytochemical and nucleic acid hybridization techniques.

PubMed Central

Montone, K. T.; Brigati, D. J.; Budgeon, L. R.

1989-01-01

This paper presents the first automated system for simultaneously detecting human papilloma, herpes simplex, adenovirus, or cytomegalovirus viral antigens and gene sequences in standard formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue substrates and tissue culture. These viruses can be detected by colorimetric in situ nucleic acid hybridization, using biotinylated DNA probes, or by indirect immunoperoxidase techniques, using polyclonal or monoclonal antibodies, in a 2.0-hour assay performed at a single automated robotic workstation. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 FIG. 9 FIG. 10 FIG. 11 PMID:2773514

Oncogenic osteomalacia.

PubMed Central

McClure, J; Smith, P S

1987-01-01

Severe osteomalacia (confirmed by the examination of thin undecalcified bone biopsy sections) associated with hypophosphataemia developed in a 60 year old woman. A skeletal x-ray survey showed a lytic lesion in the right proximal femur, and this was curetted, showing a vascular tumour. The patient's symptoms improved almost immediately and serum phosphate concentrations returned to normal. Some time later the syndrome and the tumour recurred. The tumour was excised, and again the patient improved. Morphological examination of the tumour showed a lesion which closely resembled haemangiopericytoma. Review of published reports confirmed that most reported cases have been associated with "vascular" mesenchymal tumours both in intraosseous and extraosseous sites. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 Fig 7 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 10 PMID:3584490

Fibrocartilage associated with human tendons and their pulleys.

PubMed Central

Benjamin, M; Qin, S; Ralphs, J R

1995-01-01

The presence of fibrocartilage in tendons that wrap around bony or fibrous pulleys is well known. It is an adaptation to resisting compression or shear, but the extent to which the structure of most human tendons is modified where they contact pulleys is less clear, for there has been no single comprehensive survey of a large number of sites. Less is known of the structure of the corresponding pulleys. In the present study, 38 regions of tendons that wrap around bony pulleys or pass beneath fibrous retinacula have been studied in routine histology sections taken from each of 2 or 3 elderly dissecting room cadavers. Most of the corresponding pulleys have also been examined. Fibrocartilage was present in 22 of the 38 tendon sites and it was most conspicuous where the tendons pressed predominantly against bone rather than retinacula and where they showed a large change in direction. Fibrocartilage was more characteristic of tendons at the ankle than the wrist, probably because the long axis of the foot is at right angles to that of the leg. There was considerable variation in the structure of tendon fibrocartilage. The most fibrocartilaginous tendons had oval or round cells embedded in a highly metachromatic matrix with interwoven or spiralling collagen fibres. At other sites, fibrocartilage cells were arranged in rows between parallel collagen fibres. The differences probably relate to differences in development. A single tendon could be modified at successive points along its length and fibrocartilage could be present in the endotenon and epitenon as well as in the tendon itself. Pathological changes seen in 'wrap around' tendons were fragmentation and partial delamination of the compressed surface, chondrocyte clustering, fatty infiltration and bone formation. Three types of pulleys were described for tendons--bony prominences and grooves, fibrous retinacula and synovial joints. The extent of cartilaginous differentiation on the periosteum of bony pulleys frequently mirrored that in the corresponding tendon. The cartilage or fibrocartilage prevents the tendon from 'sawing' through the bone. Some of the best known retinacula were largely fibrous, though the inferior peroneal retinaculum and the trochlea for the superior oblique were cartilaginous. The results underline the considerable regional heterogeneity in different tendons and their pulleys. They show that one tendon is not like another and that tendons may need to be carefully selected for particular surgical transfers or joint reconstructions. Images Fig. 1 Figs 2-3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 PMID:8586561

Do cyanobacteria swim using traveling surface waves?

PubMed Central

Ehlers, K M; Samuel, A D; Berg, H C; Montgomery, R

1996-01-01

Bacteria that swim without the benefit of flagella might do so by generating longitudinal or transverse surface waves. For example, swimming speeds of order 25 microns/s are expected for a spherical cell propagating longitudinal waves of 0.2 micron length, 0.02 micron amplitude, and 160 microns/s speed. This problem was solved earlier by mathematicians who were interested in the locomotion of ciliates and who considered the undulations of the envelope swept out by ciliary tips. A new solution is given for spheres propagating sinusoidal waveforms rather than Legendre polynomials. The earlier work is reviewed and possible experimental tests are suggested. Images Fig. 1 PMID:8710872

Automated Texture Classification of the Mawrth Vallis Landing Site Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parente, M.; Bayley, L.; Hunkins, L.; McKeown, N. K.; Bishop, J. L.

2009-12-01

Supervised classification techniques have been developed to discriminate geomorphologic units in HiRISE images of Mawrth Vallis on Mars, one of the MSL candidate landing sites. A variety of clay minerals that indicate water was once present have been identified in the ancient bedrock at Mawrth Vallis [1-7]. These clay-rich rocks exhibit distinct surface textures in HiRISE images, where the nontronite-bearing unit consists of two primary textures: 2-5 m irregular inverted polygons and irregular parallel fracture sets ([8,13], Fig. b-c). In contrast, the montmorillonite-bearing unit consists of 0.5-1.5 m regular polygons ([8,13], Fig. e). We also characterized dunes (Fig. d), and the spectrally unremarkable caprock unit (Fig. a). Classification of these textures was performed by extracting discriminatory features from gray-level run length matrices (GLRLMs) [9], gray-level co-occurrence matrices (GLCMs) [10], and semivariograms [11] calculated for small blocks of data in HiRISE images. Preliminary results using an algorithm containing eight of these classification features produced a texture classification technique that is 85 percent accurate. The discriminant analysis (e.g. [12]) classifier we used modeled a linear discriminant function for each class based on the training feature vectors for that class. The test vector with the largest value for its discriminant function was then assigned to each class. We assumed linear functions were acceptable for small training sets and we performed automated selection in order to identify the most discriminative features for the textures in Mawrth Vallis. Continued efforts are underway to test and refine this procedure in order to optimize texture recognition on a broader collection of textures, representing additional surface components from Mawrth Vallis and other landing sites on Mars. [1] Bibring, J.-P., et al. (2005) Science, 307, 1576-1581. [2] Poulet, F., et al. (2005) Nature, 438, 632-627. [3] Bishop, J. L., et al. (2008) Science, 321, 830-833. [4] Wray, J. J., et al. (2008) GRL, 35, L12202. [5] Loizeau, D., et al. (2009) Icarus, (in press). [6] McKeown, N. K., et al. (2009) JGR- Planets, (in press). [7] Noe Dobrea, E. Z., et al. (2009) JGR- Planets, (in revision). [8] McKeown, N. K. et al. (2009) LPSC abs. #2433. [9] Galloway, M. M., (1975),Computer Graphics and Image Processing 4, 172-179. [10] Haralick, R. M., (1973) IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man and Cybernetics 3, 610-621. [11] Curran, P. J., Remote Sensing of Environment 24, 493-507, 1988. [12] Hastie T., et al. (2005), The elements of statistical learning. Springer. [13] McKeown, N. K., et al. (2009) AGU

Can We Trace "Arbitrary" Rays to Locate an Image Formed by a Thin Lens?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suppapittayaporn, Decha; Panijpan, Bhinyo; Emarat, Narumon

2010-01-01

After learning how to trace the principal rays [Fig. 1(i)] through a thin lens in order to form the image in the conventional way, students sometimes ask whether it is possible to use other rays emanating from the object to form exactly the same image--for example, the two arbitrary rays shown in Fig. 1(ii). The answer is a definite yes, and this…

The Treatment of the Incompletely Descended Testis

PubMed Central

Wilson, D. S. Poole

1939-01-01

(1) Under three years of age the diagnosis of the incompletely descended testis is uncertain. (2) The policy of awaiting spontaneous descent may be pursued until 10 years of age but, unless the testis lies in the superior scrotal position, this policy should not be persisted in thereafter. (3) Hormonal therapy may be employed before operative treatment as a means of determining testes which will descend spontaneously. It should only be used in the prepuberty period. (4) Operative treatment may be safely carried out at any age after 3 years and should be completed before puberty. The optimum period is between 8 and 11 years. The Bevan operation may be successful when the testis is very mobile but the most consistent results are obtained by the septal transposition or Keetley-Torek operations. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 22 PMID:19991991

Massive pulmonary gangrene: a severe complication of Klebsiella pneumonia.

PubMed Central

Knight, L.; Fraser, R. G.; Robson, H. G.

1975-01-01

Summary: Massive pulmonary gangrene developed in two patients. Review of the literature reveals 10 other case reports of pulmonary gangrene complicating lobar pneumonia. Among the total of 12 patients whose cases have now been reported, all 4 patients who were treated nonsurgically died and the 8 who underwent surgical resection of the gangrenous lung survived. The present report emphasizes the necessity of early recognition and appropriate surgical treatment for a successful outcome. Images FIG. 1A FIG. 1B FIG. 2 FIG. 3A FIG. 3B FIG. 4 PMID:1089466

An epiphyseal stress fracture of the foot and shin splints in an anomalous calf muscle in a runner.

PubMed Central

Percy, E. C.; Gamble, F. O.

1980-01-01

The following case is presented as one of unusual foot and leg lesions encountered in an adolescent long-distance runner. The associated problems of a first metatarsal Salter Harris type II epiphyseal stress fracture, and an accessory calf muscle with "shin splints" in the contralateral leg are discussed. Treatment of these conditions is outlined with eventual return to full function by the athlete. Images p110-a Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:7407448

Phocomelia: Report of Three Cases

PubMed Central

Coodin, Fischel J.; Uchida, Irene A.; Murphy, Claude H.

1962-01-01

Three infants were born with phocomelia in Winnipeg during the period from May 1961 to May 1962. In one case thalidomide had been administered to the mother early in the pregnancy. No etiological agent was discovered in the other two, both of whom died. Known teratogenic agents capable of causing phocomelia are reviewed, but no clear association with the two cases described in this report is evident. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5 PMID:14022756

Plasma-Filled Rod-Pinch Diode Research on Gamble II

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

by the dashed red line in Fig. 3. CaF2 thermoluminescent dosimeters ( TLDs ) located on the front surface of the rolled edge measure the dose. The...half-maximum line-spread function] and high dose [23 rad(CaF2) at 1 m] with 1-2 MeV electron energies are unique capabilities that the PFRP offers...for radiographic imaging in this electron -energy range. The source distribution has a narrow central peak that can enhance the spatial resolution

Emergent Intelligent Behavior through Integrated Investigation of Embodied Natural Language, Reasoning, Learning, Computer Vision, and Robotic Manipulation

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-10-11

developed a method for determining the structure (component logs and their 3D place- ment) of a LINCOLN LOG assembly from a single image from an uncalibrated...small a class of components. Moreover, we focus on determining the precise pose and structure of an assembly, including the 3D pose of each...medial axes are parallel to the work surface. Thus valid structures Fig. 1. The 3D geometric shape parameters of LINCOLN LOGS. have logs on

The Use of Chymopapain in Degenerative Disc Disease: A Preliminary Report

PubMed Central

Weiner, Dennis S.; Macnab, Ian

1970-01-01

On the basis of the early results of the use of intradiscal injection of chymopapain in 15 patients with degenerative lumbar disc disease, the following statements are warranted: The injection can be beneficial in selected patients with lumbar disc disease. The relief of leg symptoms seems to be more striking than that of the accompanying low back symptoms although both are apparent. The exact mechanism by which pain is relieved is still obscure, but helpful information has been obtained from the early results of this investigation. The failure of chymopapain in carefully selected patients has resulted in only a brief time delay in operative intervention. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8FIG. 9FIG. 10 PMID:5445694

Collagen-Proteoglycan Relationships in Epiphyseal Cartilage

PubMed Central

Eisenstein, Reuben; Larsson, Sven-Erik; Sorgente, Nino; Kuettner, Klaus E.

1973-01-01

Columnar and hypertrophic zones of calf scapular cartilage were studied before and after extraction with 3 M guanidinium chloride (GuCl) and digestion with enzymes which degrade various components of the extracellular matrix. Morphologic and chemical analysis suggests that there are at least two anatomic pools of proteoglycan in this tissue. One, which resides between collagen fibrils, is extractable with GuCl. Another appears attached to collagen by strong bonds and is apparently not extractable with GuCl. This type of collagen-proteoglycan relationship is possibly restricted to epiphyseal cartilage. The morphology of the lacuna is different in the columnar and hypertrophic zones. Proteoglycans in the distal hypertrophic zone are less resistant to GuCl extraction. ImagesFig 9Fig 10Fig 11Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8 PMID:4357177

Achondrogenesis type I. A familial subvariant?

PubMed Central

Lauder, I; Ellis, H A; Ashcroft, T; Burridge, A

1976-01-01

The clinical, pathological, and radiological features of 2 male sibs with a severe and lethal form of micromelic dwarfism are desribed. The family also includes 2 normal sibs. The histological and radiological appearances suggested a diagnosis of achondrogenesis type I, but the markedly deficient ossification of the skull and the presence of intrauterine rib fractures were atypical. These changes have been observed in two other families with 2 or more infants with suspected achondrogenesis, raising the possibility that these familial cases may be a subvariant of achondrogesis or even a distinct disease entity. The disease appears to be inherited as an autosomal recessive and death occurs shortly after birth because of severe pulmonary hypoplasia. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 FIG. 9 FIG. 10 FIG. 11 PMID:962365

Experimental Infantile Polycystic in Kindey Rats the Influence of Age and Sex

PubMed Central

McGeoch, J. E. M.; Woodhouse, M. A.; Darmady, E. M.

1972-01-01

The nephrotoxic effects of an anti-inflammatory compound 5,6,7,8 tetrahydrocarbozole-3-acetic acid in rats were found to be age and sex correlated. Morphologically the experimental lesion mimicked infantile polycystic disease. Application of the drug produced a lowering of the serum gamma globulins, a rise in the urinary protein and an increase in kidney weight associated with oedema and hyperplasia of the proximal and distal tubules. ImagesFig. 5Figs. 9-10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13 PMID:4115632

Arteriovenous fistula and prolonged hematuria after renal biopsy: treatment with epsilon aminocaproic acid

PubMed Central

Silverberg, D. S.; Dossetor, J. B.; Eid, T. C.; Mant, M. J.; Miller, J. D. R.

1974-01-01

A patient with membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis and mild hypertension is described who, after a renal biopsy, developed an arteriovenous fistula and then severe continuous hematuria from the seventh to the 38th postbiopsy day. Treatment with epsilon aminocaproic acid was associated with rapid and permanent cessation of bleeding, gradual improvement in renal function, and disappearance of the renal artery bruit. No complications were encountered. ImagesFIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:4817213

Lymphoedema in Hereditary Recurrent Cholestasis from Birth

PubMed Central

Aagenaes, Øystein; Sigstad, Helge; Bjørn-Hansen, Ragnar

1970-01-01

An inherited disorder characterized by a combination of lymphoedema and intrahepatic cholestasis is described in a Norwegian kindred. The jaundice is evident soon after birth, and recurrent episodes occur throughout life. The oedema starts at about school age and subsequently progresses; it is due to hypoplasia of the lymph vessels of the lower extremities. The cause of the cholestasis has not been established, but a structural intrahepatic developmental defect is suggested. ImagesFIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:5477684

Calibration of a Modified Andersen Bacterial Aerosol Sampler

PubMed Central

May, K. R.

1964-01-01

A study of the flow regime in the commercial Andersen sampler revealed defects in the sampling of the larger airborne particles. Satisfactory sampling was obtained by redesigning the hole pattern of the top stages and adding one more stage to extend the range of the instrument. A new, rational hole pattern is suggested for the lower stages. With both patterns a special colony-counting mask can be used to facilitate the assay. A calibration of the modified system is presented which enables particle size distribution curves to be drawn from the colony counts. Images FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 PMID:14106938

The ultrastructure of rat palatal mucosa maintained in organ culture.

PubMed Central

Hill, M W

1978-01-01

Palatal mucosa from neonatal rats was examined by electron microscopy after maintenance in a chemically defined medium in organ culture for periods up to 24 days. Throughout the culture period there was little overall change in the explants. Apart from limited disturbances of the basal lamina complex early in the culture period, and the presence of occasional degenerating keratinocytes after 18 days in vitro, the epithelium displayed an ultrastructure comparable with that at the time of explantation. The connective tissue showed greater changes, but despite considerable cell death a viable cell population apparently capable of both phagocytosis and synthesis of extracellular material was maintained. It is concluded that this organ culture system is a valid model for experimental investigations into the behaviour of oral mucosa. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 PMID:744746

Connective tissue responses to some heavy metals. II. Lead: histology and ultrastructure.

PubMed Central

Ellender, G.; Ham, K. N.

1987-01-01

Lead loaded ion exchange resin beads implanted into the loose connective tissue of the rat pinna induced local lesions which differed widely from those of the control (sodium loaded) beads (Ellender & Ham 1987). These lesions were characterized by changes in the granulation tissue and the approximating connective tissue. Granulation tissue contained mononuclear phagocytes in various guises, and some cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies. The matrix of the granulation tissue contained collagen fibrils having a wide range of diameters suggestive of altered collagen biosynthesis. Foci of collagen mineralization occurred in zones of combined trauma and lead impregnation. Once mineralized they became enveloped by giant cells and epithelioid cells. Lead in damaged tissues is thought to modify the protective mechanism of calcification inhibition and the biosynthesis of the matrix. Images Fig. 6 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 PMID:3040063

The vascular supply of the thymus in the guinea-pig and pig

PubMed Central

Olson, I. A.; Poste, Mary E.

1973-01-01

A study of the blood supply of the thymus using intravascular carbon or silver shows that the pig and guinea-pig possess a more extensive vascular system than the current model taken from work on the mouse. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3 PMID:4120933

The evaluation of fabrics in relation to their use as protective garments in nursing and surgery. I. Physical measurements and bench tests.

PubMed Central

Lidwell, O. M.; Mackintosh, C. A.

1978-01-01

Eleven fabrics selected to provide a representative range of yarns and weaves have been examined microscopically and subjected to a series of tests. The observations were directed towards assessing the potential ability of each fabric to resist penetration by particles, such as skin scales, which might carry micro-organisms. The number, size and shape of pores penetrating through the material were estimated and the penetration of test dusts assessed in several ways. While, generally, the relative merits of the fabrics are similar whatever test or measurement is considered there are a number of significant exceptions which reflect peculiarities of the test system or of a fabric. Comparison with the results of dispersal experiments with volunteers wearing garments made of the fabrics is made in a following paper. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Plate 3 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:731024

Behçet's disease with endocarditis and the Budd-Chiari syndrome.

PubMed Central

McDonald, G S; Gad-Al-Rab, J

1980-01-01

Endocarditis of the mitral and aortic valves is described for the first time in a patient with Behçet's disease. A second patient had minor changes in the mitral valve similar to that seen in the vasculitis which occurs in this condition. Valvulitis in Behçet's disease probably has the same pathogenesis as the vasculitis. The second patient also had a rare combination of Behçet's disease and the Budd-Chiari syndrome, and the necropsy findings are described. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:7430372

Ectopic ACTH syndrome due to pheochromocytoma: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed Central

Forman, B. H.; Marban, E.; Kayne, R. D.; Passarelli, N. M.; Bobrow, S. N.; Livolsi, V. A.; Merino, M.; Minor, M.; Farber, L. R.

1979-01-01

A 51-year-old female was diagnosed preoperatively to have a pheochromocytoma producing ACTH. This diagnosis was based upon her paroxysmal hypertension, hyperpigmentation, and hypokalemia. Elevated levels of serum and urine corticosteroids, plasma ACTH, urinary VMA, and catecholamines fell after a right adrenal pheochromocytoma was removed. Subsequently this tumor was found to have a high content of ACTH. Review of the literature indicates a mortality rate of 57% for this syndrome. Proper preoperative recognition and management can result in total cure. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 PMID:222080

Bleeding and cupping.

PubMed Central

Turk, J. L.; Allen, E.

1983-01-01

Bleeding and cupping have been used in medicine since ancient times in the treatment of fevers and local inflammatory disorders. Local bleeding, by 'wet cupping', was effected by a scarificator or by leeches. John Hunter recommended venesection in moderation but preferred leeches for local bleeding. Bleeding as an accepted therapeutic practice went out of vogue in the middle of the nineteenth century as a result of the introduction of modern scientific methods. Dry cupping and the use of leeches, as counter irritants, persisted until the middle of this century. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:6338802

Myositis Ossificans Progressiva (Munchmeyer's Disease)

PubMed Central

Illingworth, R. S.

1971-01-01

Two cases of myositis ossificans progressiva were treated by corticosteroids. In one case the course of the disease was not affected. In the other case, after 5 years' progression of the disease without treatment, progression ceased, either because of or in spite of corticosteroid treatment, and there has been a remission of 16 years, up to the time of writing. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4 PMID:4326279

Congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts associated with the development of amyloidosis

PubMed Central

Fevery, J.; Tanghe, W.; Kerremans, R.; Desmet, V.; De Groote, J.

1972-01-01

Two cases of pure congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts are presented. One patient developed amyloidosis secondary to suppuration, and had isolated cysts in the renal medulla. The position of congenital dilatation of the intrahepatic bile ducts compared with cysts in the liver and its association with `cystic' diseases of the kidneys is discussed. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4 PMID:5077171

Encrustation and Atherosclerosis: The Analogy Between Early in Vivo Lesions and Deposits Which Occur in Extracorporeal Circulations

PubMed Central

Murphy, E. A.; Rowsell, H. C.; Downie, H. G.; Robinson, G. A.; Mustard, J. F.

1962-01-01

A study was made of the relation between the pattern and topography of thrombus formation in models of various vessel configurations coupled into extracorporeal shunts in swine and the development of atherosclerosis at corresponding sites on swine aortas. The pattern and distribution of deposits formed in the models were strikingly similar to the pattern and distribution of incipient atherosclerosis at comparable sites in the vascular tree. The earliest and only consistent component of the flow chamber deposits was the blood platelet. The platelet deposits would frequently stain with oil red O. The cholesterol level of washed human platelets was found to show a good correlation with that in the plasma. This evidence suggests that deposition of particulate matter (chiefly platelets), largely determined by the hydraulic factors, may be an important factor in the early, as well as later, stages of atherosclerosis. ImagesFigs. 10a and bFig. 13Fig. 21Fig. 1Fig. 3Figs. 4a and bFig. 5Fig. 6aFig. 6bFig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20 PMID:14477412

Corticosteroid-induced mandibular growth retardation and palatal malformation in the ICR mouse fetus.

PubMed Central

Silbermann, M; Levitan, S

1979-01-01

Pregnant ICR mice were treated with triamcinolone hexacetonide at various stages of gestation. The mandibular ramus and its condylar cartilage were studied histologically in both viable and non-viable offspring. In addition, measurements were made of the overall height of the posterior vertical dimension of the mandible and of condylar height and width. Significant changes were noted in these parameters. Concomitantly, marked changes were observed in the various zones of the condylar cartilage. A very high incidence of cleft palate was noted in newborn and stillborn mice previously treated with triamcinolone. A possible correlation between mandibular growth retardation and palatal clefting is discussed. Images Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 PMID:489465

RADC Multi-Dimensional Signal-Processing Research Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-30

Formulation 7 3.2.2 Methods of Accelerating Convergence 8 3.2.3 Application to Image Deblurring 8 3.2.4 Extensions 11 3.3 Convergence of Iterative Signal... noise -driven linear filters, permit development of the joint probability density function oz " kelihood function for the image. With an expression...spatial linear filter driven by white noise (see Fig. i). If the probability density function for the white noise is known, Fig. t. Model for image

Clinical presentations of Ehlers Danlos syndrome type IV.

PubMed Central

Pope, F M; Narcisi, P; Nicholls, A C; Liberman, M; Oorthuys, J W

1988-01-01

Ehlers Danlos syndrome type IV is an often lethal disease caused by various mutations of type III collagen genes. It presents in infancy and childhood in several ways, and the symptoms and signs include low birth weight, prematurity, congenital dislocation of the hips, easy inappropriate bruising (sometimes suspected as child battering), and a diagnostic facial phenotype. These features predict a lethal adult disease often complicated by fatal arterial rupture in early or middle adult life. Most affected patients can be diagnosed from radiolabelled collagen protein profiles by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Prenatal diagnosis by specific type III collagen restriction fragment length polymorphisms is possible in some families, and will become increasingly important. Prenatal diagnosis and prevention of the disease in selected families is already possible and will be widely available in the future. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 Fig 7 Fig 8 Fig 9 Fig 10 Fig 11 PMID:3178263

Purification of a novel, nucleoplasmin-like protein from somatic nuclei.

PubMed Central

Cotten, M; Chalkley, R

1987-01-01

We have purified a nucleoplasmin-like protein from the nuclei of somatic Xenopus laevis cells. This protein possesses a number of the distinctive features of nucleoplasmin isolated from oocytes or unfertilized eggs. The protein is recognized by both monoclonal and polyclonal antisera raised against egg nucleoplasmin. The protein has an oligomeric structure, which must be heated in SDS to completely dissociate, is acidic, phosphorylated and efficiently promotes the in vitro formation of chromatin. We have partially characterized this novel protein and because of its resemblance to nucleoplasmin isolated from oocytes or unfertilized eggs we have named this protein nucleoplasmin S. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. PMID:3443097

Gastrointestinal hemorrhage from adhesion-related mesenteric varices.

PubMed Central

Moncure, A C; Waltman, A C; Vandersalm, T J; Linton, R R; Levine, F H; Abbott, W M

1976-01-01

As a result of this retrospective analysis of hemorrhage from a porta-systemic venous shunt occurring within the small intestine, we believe that the early diagnosis of the syndrome is strongly suggested by the presence of varices in unusual locations demonstrated by the venous phase of mesenteric arteriography. In all patients portal hypertension was present, and in all the affected bowel was adherent to postoperative adhesions on old suture lines. The syndrome was treated variously with lysis of adhesions, bowel resection, or portal-systemic shunt. Those patients with excellent hepatic reserve survived and had no further gastrointestinal bleeding. Images Fig. 1a. Fig. 1b. Fig. 1c. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4a. Fig. 4b. Fig. 5. PMID:1082310

Measurement of Bone Growth in Osteopetrosis

PubMed Central

Sanger, V. L.; Frederickson, T. N.; Morrill, C. C.

1964-01-01

Day-old chicks were injected with 0.2 ml. of a suspension of lymphomatosis virus which was known to cause osteopetrosis in a high percentage of susceptible birds. A comparable number of uninoculated chicks were kept for controls. Alizarin red S was administered for the purpose of marking the bones in order to measure the rate of growth of normal bone and the osteopetrotic bone. The dye was given at 27, 41 and 55 days of age. In this experiment it was found that a layer of normal bone was formed on the surface of the tibia at a rate of 0.25 mm. per week but in the largest osteopetrotic lesion that was found in any chicken spongy bone was formed at a rate greater than 1 mm. per week. Alizarin red S was irritating to tissue and was toxic when given intravenously. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2. PMID:17649533

Ultrastructural Localization of Peroxidase Activity in Human Platelets and Megakaryocytes

PubMed Central

Breton-Gorius, Janine; Guichard, Josette

1972-01-01

Normal human platelets and megakaryocytes were examined for peroxidase activity by the diaminobenzidine (DAB) cytochemical technic. When the fixation and the incubation were adequate, a strong reaction was present in the dense tubular system of platelets suspended in plasma or spread on carbon. The black reaction product was ascribed to enzyme activity, since the reaction was completely eliminated when H2O2 or DAB were omitted, or when H2O2 was in excess. In addition, the reaction was inhibited by aminotriazole, cyanide and azide. In the human megakaryocytes, the reaction was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum including the perinuclear envelope. The Golgi complex and the clear vacuolar system were negative for the reaction. After platelet release, the reaction was always seen in the perinuclear space. The nature and function of the enzyme, as well as its possible relationships with catalase, are discussed. ImagesFig 3Fig 4Fig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8Fig 9Fig 10Fig 11Fig 1Fig 2Fig 12Fig 13Fig 14Fig 15Fig 16 PMID:5009974

Innervation of arteriovenous anastomoses in the sheep tongue: immunocytochemical evidence for coexistence of neural transmitters.

PubMed Central

Molyneux, G S; Haller, C J

1988-01-01

In this study structural and immunocytochemical evidence has shown that arterial vessels, particularly AVAs, are associated with nerves containing peptidergic vasodilators, viz. VIP, CGRP and SP. The presence of VIP-like immunoreactivity in both P-type and C-type nerves is evidence of the coexistence of VIP and acetylcholine in cholinergic nerves and suggests the action of VIP in maintaining the opening of AVAs in heat stress conditions. The evidence for the co-existence of CGRP and SP is more direct as immunoreactivity for both peptides has been demonstrated in serial sections of the same nerve terminal. Although SP is a potent vasodilator there is little evidence of its role in thermoregulation; however it may be involved in a local axon reflex and cause antidromic vasodilatation of local vessels particularly AVAs. Images Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:2461925

Miniature hybrid optical imaging lens

DOEpatents

Sitter, D.N. Jr.; Simpson, M.L.

1997-10-21

A miniature lens system that corrects for imaging and chromatic aberrations is disclosed, the lens system being fabricated from primarily commercially-available components. A first element at the input to a lens housing is an aperture stop. A second optical element is a refractive element with a diffractive element closely coupled to, or formed a part of, the rear surface of the refractive element. Spaced closely to the diffractive element is a baffle to limit the area of the image, and this is closely followed by a second refractive lens element to provide the final correction. The image, corrected for aberrations exits the last lens element to impinge upon a detector plane were is positioned any desired detector array. The diffractive element is fabricated according to an equation that includes, as variables, the design wavelength, the index of refraction and the radius from an optical axis of the lens system components. 2 figs.

Feed rate measuring method and system

DOEpatents

Novak, J.L.; Wiczer, J.J.

1995-12-05

A system and method are provided for establishing the feed rate of a workpiece along a feed path with respect to a machine device. First and second sensors each having first and second sensing electrodes which are electrically isolated from the workpiece are positioned above, and in proximity to the desired surfaces of the workpiece along a feed path. An electric field is developed between the first and second sensing electrodes of each sensor and capacitance signals are developed which are indicative of the contour of the workpiece. First and second image signals representative of the contour of the workpiece along the feed path are developed by an image processor. The time delay between corresponding portions of the first and second image signals are then used to determine the feed rate based upon the separation of the first and second sensors and the amount of time between corresponding portions of the first and second image signals. 18 figs.

Renal involvement in Gaucher's disease.

PubMed Central

Siegal, A.; Gutman, A.; Shapiro, M. S.; Griffel, B.

1981-01-01

A patient with chronic Gaucher's disease is described who developed glomerulopathy 24 years after splenectomy terminating in renal failure. The pathological changes of this very rare complication of Gaucher's disease are described. The few similar cases reported in the literature are reviewed and the possible pathogenetic pathways discussed. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:7301691

Disinfection of Cystoscopes by Subatmospheric Steam and Steam and Formaldehyde at 80°C

PubMed Central

Alder, V. G.; Gingell, J. C.; Mitchell, J. P.

1971-01-01

A new method of disinfection adapted for endoscopic instruments uses low temperature steam at 80°C or steam and formaldehyde at 80°C. The process has considerable advantages over existing methods and more closely approaches the ideal requirements. ImagesFIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5 PMID:5569551

Tumours and dysplasias of the mammary gland

PubMed Central

Hampe, J. F.; Misdorp, W.

1974-01-01

As mammary tumours occur frequently in the dog and cat but rarely in other domestic animals, only the tumours of these two species are classified. The epithelial tumours are termed “complex” when they consist of cells resembling both secretory and myoepithelial cells: these tumours are biologically less malignant than tumours of the “simple” type in which only one of these kinds of cell is present. The carcinomas are subdivided into adenocarcinoma, solid carcinoma, spindle cell carcinoma, anaplastic carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma. The term “carcinosarcoma or malignant mixed tumour” was used only when there were cells morphologically resembling not only one or both of the epithelial components but also connective tissue cells with their products of differentiation. The benign tumours are classed as adenoma, papilloma, fibroadenoma, or benign soft tissue tumour. The dysplasias are described under the following headings: cyst, adenosis, regular typical epithelial proliferation in ducts and lobules (epitheliosis), duct ectasia, fibrosclerosis, and lobular hyperplasia. ImagesFig. 41Fig. 42Fig. 43Fig. 44Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 45Fig. 46Fig. 47Fig. 48Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 29Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 21Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24Fig. 37Fig. 38Fig. 39Fig. 40Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 33Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36 PMID:4371737

Synthesis of Globulins in Maize Embryos 1

PubMed Central

Kriz, Alan L.; Schwartz, Drew

1986-01-01

The two major components of the globulin fraction in Zea mays embryos are specified by the Prot gene. Pulse-chase analysis of protein synthesis in cultured, immature embryos indicates that the smaller Prot-specific polypeptide, PROT, is derived from the larger polypeptide, PROT'. These experiments also demonstrate that PROT' is derived from a short-lived precursor polypeptide, prePROT'. The primary Prot-specific translation product, as detected by in vitro translation of immature embryo RNA, is of a lower apparent molecular weight than pre-PROT', suggesting the involvement of co- and/or post-translational modification in the production of prePROT'. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:16665136

Skin closure using staples and nylon sutures: a comparison of results.

PubMed Central

Stockley, I.; Elson, R. A.

1987-01-01

A disposable skin stapler (Elite: Auto Suture UK Ltd) and Nylon vertical mattress sutures have been used for skin closure. The complications related to each method were evaluated in 129 wounds. There was a higher incidence of inflammation, discomfort on removal and spreading of the healing scar associated with staples. The only advantage of staples was speed of wound closure. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:3566131

Hepatic Cell Adenoma: A Report of Four Cases

PubMed Central

Albritton, David R.; Tompkins, Ronald K.; Longmire, William P.

1974-01-01

Four patients with hepatic cell adenoma have been treated at the UCLA Hospital since 1965. The most recent was a 22-year-old woman who underwent subtotal resection of a giant hepatic cell adenoma after an unusual and confusing clinical presentation. The tumor may be the largest reported to date and may have excreted metabolically-active substances. Increased familiarity with the varying clinical and radiographic presentations of these rare tumors may facilitate earlier diagnosis and management. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2.Fig. 3.Fig. 6.Fig. 7. PMID:4366047

Herediatary anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Studies in a Nigerian famil.

PubMed Central

Familusi, J B; Jaiyesimi, F; Ojo, C O; Attah, E B

1975-01-01

Studies in a Nigerian family with hereditary anhidrous ectodermal dysplasia are reported. Microscopical examinations of finger tips for sweat pores were diagnostic in phenotypes, and it is suggested that this simple nonsurgical procedure is a preferred alternative to skin biopsies in the diagnosis of the syndrome. The clinical implications of a tropical environment for the syndrome, as well as the factors that may favour maintenance of the gene in such an environment are discussed. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 PMID:1200681

Congenital Abnormalities of the Mouth

PubMed Central

Lindsay, W. K.

1976-01-01

The spectrum of congenital malformations in the mouth is broad. The incidence of any one condition is not great, with the exception of the anomalies of cleft lip and cleft palate. Most of these oral malformations can produce urgent problems in neonatal management for the physician, including the care of the distraught parents. Considerable plastic and reconstructive surgery is involved in the subsequent management. The modern key to the complete successful management of these patients is the participation of a multidiscipline team. ImagesFig. 1p65-aFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5 PMID:21308081

[Corrigendum] Death receptor 5 expression is inversely correlated with prostate cancer progression.

PubMed

Hernandez-Cueto, Angeles; Hernandez-Cueto, Daniel; Antonio-Andres, Gabriela; Mendoza-Marin, Marisela; Jimenez-Gutierrez, Carlos; Sandoval-Mejia, Ana Lilia; Mora-Campos, Rosario; Gonzalez-Bonilla, Cesar; Vega, Mario I; Bonavida, Benjamin; Huerta-Yepez, Sara

2017-10-01

During the preparation of the figures in the above article, the authors inadvertently duplicated in Fig. 1B, a and b (high and low magnification images) the images that had already appeared as Figs. 5A, a and c (high and low magnification images), respectively, of the following paper: Huerta-Yepez S, Baritaki S, Baay-Guzman G, Hernandez-Luna MA, Hernandez-Cueto A, Vega MI and Bonavida B: Contribution of either YY1 or BclXL-induced inhibition by the NO-donor DETANONOate in the reversal of drug resistance, both in vitro and in vivo. Nitric Oxide 29: 17-24, 2013. The revised version of Fig. 1 containing the corrected data for Fig. 1B, a and b (high and low magnification images; the YY1 data) is shown opposite protein expression. All those authors whom the corresponding author was able to contact have agreed to this Corrigendum. The authors regret this error, and apologize for any confusion that it may have caused. [the original article was published in the Molecular Medicine Reports 10: 2279-2286, 2014; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2504 ].

New method of limb deformities correction in children.

PubMed Central

Atar, D.; Lehman, W. B.; Grant, A. D.; Strongwater, A.; Frankel, V. H.; Posner, M.; Golyakhovsky, V.

1992-01-01

A new "bloodless" technique (Ilizarov) was used to correct 36 limb deformities in 29 children. There were six leg length discrepancies, five achondroplasias, four deformed feet, five joint contractures, one rotational deformity of tibia, and in three the apparatus was used as an external fixator after corrective osteotomy. Lengthening was accomplished in 15 of the 16 procedures (93%). Average increase in femur length was 10 cm (32%), in tibial length 7.5 cm (30%), in humerus 11 cm (40%). Bony union was achieved in two out of five pseudoarthroses. Four deformed feet were fully corrected. Joint contractures were corrected in four out of five. The complication rate is as high as in other methods but with the Ilizarov apparatus, longer segments of bone were lengthened and more complex deformities were treated. Complications lessened as experience was gained. Images Fig. 1a,b Fig. 1 Fig. 1c Fig. 1d Fig. 1e Fig. 2a Fig. 2b Fig. 2c Fig. 2d Fig. 2e Fig. 3a Fig. 3b Fig. 3c Fig. 3d Fig. 4a Fig. 4b Fig. 4c Fig. 4d Fig. 4e Fig. 5a Fig. 5b Fig. 5c Fig. 5d PMID:1490205

Single-Lap-Joint Screening of Hysol EA 9309NA Epoxy Adhesive

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-01

1 Fig. 2 Load vs. displacement for RT (no conditioning) samples .................... 6 Fig. 3...Load vs. displacement for RT (hot/wet conditioning) samples ............ 7 Fig. 5 Failure surface for RT (hot/wet conditioning) samples. MSAT ID...20140469, mode of failure = adhesive. ................................................. 8 Fig. 6 Load vs. displacement for ET samples (66 °C postcure

Cleaning Genesis Solar Wind Collectors with Ultrapure Water: Residual Contaminant Particle Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allton, J. H.; Wentworth, S. J.; Rodriquez, M. C.; Calaway, M. J.

2008-01-01

Additional experience has been gained in removing contaminant particles from the surface of Genesis solar wind collectors fragments by using megasonically activated ultrapure water (UPW)[1]. The curatorial facility has cleaned six of the eight array collector material types to date: silicon (Si), sapphire (SAP), silicon-on-sapphire (SOS), diamond-like carbon-on-silicon (DOS), gold-on-sapphire (AuOS), and germanium (Ge). Here we make estimates of cleaning effectiveness using image analysis of particle size distributions and an SEM/EDS reconnaissance of particle chemistry on the surface of UPW-cleaned silicon fragments (Fig. 1). Other particle removal techniques are reported by [2] and initial assessment of molecular film removal is reported by [3].

Clinical diagnosis by transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound

PubMed Central

Wyse, R. K. H.

1982-01-01

Transcutaneous Doppler ultrasound represents a convenient, reliable technique for the non-invasive diagnosis and assessment of a rapidly increasing number of diverse circulatory disorders. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3 PMID:7050948

How to model moon signals using 2-dimensional Gaussian function: Classroom activity for measuring nighttime cloud cover

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gacal, G. F. B.; Lagrosas, N.

2016-12-01

Nowadays, cameras are commonly used by students. In this study, we use this instrument to look at moon signals and relate these signals to Gaussian functions. To implement this as a classroom activity, students need computers, computer software to visualize signals, and moon images. A normalized Gaussian function is often used to represent probability density functions of normal distribution. It is described by its mean m and standard deviation s. The smaller standard deviation implies less spread from the mean. For the 2-dimensional Gaussian function, the mean can be described by coordinates (x0, y0), while the standard deviations can be described by sx and sy. In modelling moon signals obtained from sky-cameras, the position of the mean (x0, y0) is solved by locating the coordinates of the maximum signal of the moon. The two standard deviations are the mean square weighted deviation based from the sum of total pixel values of all rows/columns. If visualized in three dimensions, the 2D Gaussian function appears as a 3D bell surface (Fig. 1a). This shape is similar to the pixel value distribution of moon signals as captured by a sky-camera. An example of this is illustrated in Fig 1b taken around 22:20 (local time) of January 31, 2015. The local time is 8 hours ahead of coordinated universal time (UTC). This image is produced by a commercial camera (Canon Powershot A2300) with 1s exposure time, f-stop of f/2.8, and 5mm focal length. One has to chose a camera with high sensitivity when operated at nighttime to effectively detect these signals. Fig. 1b is obtained by converting the red-green-blue (RGB) photo to grayscale values. The grayscale values are then converted to a double data type matrix. The last conversion process is implemented for the purpose of having the same scales for both Gaussian model and pixel distribution of raw signals. Subtraction of the Gaussian model from the raw data produces a moonless image as shown in Fig. 1c. This moonless image can be used for quantifying cloud cover as captured by ordinary cameras (Gacal et al, 2016). Cloud cover can be defined as the ratio of number of pixels whose values exceeds 0.07 and the total number of pixels. In this particular image, cloud cover value is 0.67.

PubMed Central

Bilodeau, Marcel; Roy, Joseph

1963-01-01

This paper describes the results obtained in 200 patients with bronchopulmonary suppurative diseases who received kanamycin aerosol therapy under intermittent positive pressure and in whom bacterial sensitivity study (antibiogram) was favourable. This method of treatment was well tolerated and was practically free of side effects. In most cases the improvement was rapid, was maintained and was often life-saving. The first series contained nine patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and a constant finding of sputum positive for Koch bacillus; four of these became negative after eight weeks of treatment. This suggested that kanamycin aerosol therapy had some effect on the Koch bacillus and that the study should be continued with a much larger group of patients with tuberculous suppurative pulmonary diseases to determine the efficacy of this antibiotic. ImagesFig. 1aFig. 1bFig. 2aFig. 2bFig. 3aFig. 3bFig. 4aFig. 4bFig. 5aFig. 5b PMID:14045345

The equilibrium sedimentation of hyaluronic acid and of two synthetic polymers

PubMed Central

Nichol, L. W.; Ogston, A. G.; Preston, B. N.

1967-01-01

1. The method of equilibrium sedimentation has been investigated as an alternative to osmotic-pressure measurement for determining thermodynamic properties of polymer solutions at relatively high concentrations. 2. The simplifications that must be made in the theoretical treatment are discussed. 3. Measurements have been made on samples of polyethylene glycol, neutralized polymethacrylic acid and hyaluronic acid. With the first and third, values of the `non-ideality coefficients' have been obtained that agree with those obtained from osmotic measurements on the same materials. 4. Evidence has been obtained of the presence in hyaluronic acid preparations of a fraction that has either a lower degree of thermodynamic non-ideality or a higher density increment than the bulk of the sample. This fraction is not protein. ImagesFig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 7.Fig. 8.Fig. 9.Fig. 11.Fig. 12.Fig. 13.Fig. 14. PMID:6029600

Ultrastructure of the renal juxtaglomerular complex and peripolar cells in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) and toad (Bufo marinus).

PubMed Central

Hanner, R H; Ryan, G B

1980-01-01

Renal juxtaglomerular regions were examined in the axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum and toad (Bufo marinus). Prominent granulated peripolar epithelial cells were found surrounding the origin of the glomerular tuft in the axolotl. These cells resembled the peripolar cells recently discovered in mammalian species. They contained multiple electron-dense cytoplasmic granules, some of which showed a paracrystalline substructure and signs of exocytoxic activity. Such cells were difficult to find and smaller in the toad. In contrast, granulated juxtaglomerular arteriolar myoephithelial cells were much more readily found and larger in the toad than in the axolotl. No consistent differences were noted in juxtaglomerular cells or their granules in response to changes in environmental chloride concentration. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:7410189

Animal Identification

PubMed Central

Macpherson, J. W.; Penner, P.

1967-01-01

A number of branding tools of various metals and various sizes in combination with several wetting agents were cooled with liquid nitrogen and applied for different lengths of time to calves and mature cattle. White hair appeared in the shape of the brand on the animals in place of dark hair when the application was properly carried out. Best results can be obtained by using metal irons at least 25 millimeters thick and 14 millimeters wide with xylol as a wetting agent for ten seconds in young or thin skinned animals and up to twenty seconds in mature or thick skinned animals. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2.Fig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 5. PMID:4229181

Histochemical investigation of the activity of oxidoreductases in the skin lesions of lepromatous leprosy patients*

PubMed Central

Žuravleva, G. F.

1972-01-01

This paper reports an investigation of the activity of three basic groups of oxidoreductases in lepromatous leprosy: specific dehydrogenases, flavoprotein enzymes, and cytochrome oxidase. The activity of the enzymes was studied before treatment, at various stages of treatment during exacerbations, and in the stage of regression. The data obtained are of importance for evaluating metabolic process in the cells of the specific infiltrates and the dermal connective tissue in leprosy, for determining the nature and intensity of the inflammatory process, and for control purposes in cases of regression. ImagesFig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3 PMID:4342274

Alternatives to amputation.

PubMed Central

Lendrum, J.

1980-01-01

Alternatives to conventional skin flap cover for limb wounds extend both the number and type of defects which can now be closed with reconstruction of both form and function for patients who might otherwise come to amputation. The old adage that where a sinus leads to dead or foreign material it can only be closed after removal of that dead or foreign material is no longer true. The number of patients coming to above-knee amputation after prosthetic replacement of the knee joint could be reduced by muscle flap cover of exposed arthroplasty prostheses. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:7377695

Development of the ventral striatum in the lizard Gallotia galloti.

PubMed Central

Yanes, C; Perez-Batista, M A; Martin-Trujillo, J M; Monzon, M; Rodriguez, A

1989-01-01

The ventral striatum nucleus (VS) begins development at Stage 31 (E. 31) from the neuroblasts which proceed from the cellular proliferation of both the ventral and terminal sulci. The ultrastructural features of the neuroblasts of VS between E. 31 and E. 34 have the aspect of immature cells, but as from E. 38 neuronal maturity is gradual until hatching. At E. 34 cellular death occurs. The first degenerated cells belong to Type I (nuclear degeneration) of the pycnotic cells; as from E. 40 cytoplasmic degeneration appears. Vascularisation starts at E. 35 and from E. 38 the first synaptic contacts are observed, especially those of the axodendritic type. Images Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Figs 1-4 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:2606798

The Influence of Mechanical Stress on the Growth of Crystals

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

crystal surface. In Fig. 7 we present interferograms taken at various points during the straining of a paracetamol crystal28. In Fig. 7 we show the overall...dependence of growth rate on stress. The curvature observed fits well with the nature of the material. Paracetamol shows a well-defined plastic...0 6.6 -0.3 S13.5 4-0.7 21 *1 Fig. 6. Interferograms of the growth of a (001) surface of paracetamol as a function of applied tensile strain. 2.0

Changes in neutrophil morphology and morphometry following exposure to cigarette smoke.

PubMed Central

Lannan, S.; McLean, A.; Drost, E.; Gillooly, M.; Donaldson, K.; Lamb, D.; MacNee, W.

1992-01-01

Acute cigarette smoking delays neutrophils within the pulmonary circulation in some smokers. Evidence from an in-vitro Micropore filter model of the pulmonary capillaries indicates that this may be due to a smoke induced decrease in cell deformability. In order to determine whether changes in cell shape are associated with the observed decrease in neutrophil deformability following smoke exposure, cell morphology, using scanning electron microscopy, and morphometric measurements, made using transmission electron microscopy, were performed on aliquots of neutrophils harvested from whole blood in non-smoking subjects before and after exposure in vitro to cigarette smoke. Smoke exposure increased the maximum diameter and circumference of neutrophils, without changing their area. There was also a change in the maximum to minimum cell diameter ratio, which indicated that the cells had become less spherical. Scanning electron microscopy showed that smoke exposed cells had developed blebbing of their surface membranes, suggestive of an oxidative injury to the cell membrane rather than the shape changes associated with cell activation. These changes in the morphology and morphometry of smoke exposed neutrophils may contribute to the reduction in cell deformability induced by cigarette smoke. Images Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:1571278

Precautions for Workers 1

PubMed Central

Guest, G. H.

1948-01-01

Radioactive isotopes are now available from Chalk River for use by Canadian biologists. Experience has shown that the handling of radioactive isotopes may involve health hazards unless adequate precautions are taken. The nature of these hazards and the type of precautions which must be taken when working with radioactive isotopes are considered. Successful work with radioactive isotopes other than in the smallest tracer amounts requires the use of laboratories and equipment especially designed for the purpose and this is dealt with briefly. The operation of a radioactive laboratory requires certain auxiliary equipment and services, such as health instruments, film monitoring, special laboratory clothing, special cleanable surfaces and disposal of radioactive waste materials. These topics are discussed briefly. Handling of radioactive isotopes involves certain special precautions and a few of these, such as protection of hands, cleaning of glassware, handling of solutions, etc. are reviewed. In addition to protecting all personnel in a laboratory from harmful amounts of radiation, it is necessary to keep the laboratory and the building in which it is housed as free as possible from radioactive substances and this important fact has been stressed. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 4.Fig. 6. PMID:17648375

Collapse of the sea surface stability during the Miocene to Quartenary in the Western Pacific Ocean, indicated by Discoaster abundance and Coccolith size change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, T.; Pratiwi, S. D.; Farida, M.

2013-12-01

We describe in detail the middle Miocene to Pleistocene paleoceanography of the Western Pacific Ocean based on calcareous nannofossils. Abundantly occurrence of discoasters, which indicates the stable sea surface stratification and the development of thermo- and nutri-cline, are found in the interval from NN2 to NN4 zones of the early Miocene. The relative abundance of discoaster is decreased in the NN4-5 zone and it changed to very rare above NN10 (B in Fig.1). These characteristics are found in both Sites 805 and 782. Focusing to the mean size of Reticulofenestra species, it decreased at NN4-5 zone (A in Fig 2), and lower part of NN11 (B in Fig. 2). The presence of larger size Reticulofenestra species also show the oligotrophic conditions of sea surface with thermocline. On the basis of these results, the collapse of the stability of the sea surface stratification in the Western Pacific Ocean progressed throughout the Miocene to Quaternary. As the results, nutrient conditions of sea surface in these area were changed in steps from oligotrophic to eutrophic conditions at NN4-5 and lower part of NN11 (A and B in Fig. 2). These datum related to collapse of sea surface conditions, is cleary correlated to the timing of the end of Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum (A) and the intensify of the Asian Monsoon (B; Fig. 2).

Myonecrosis Induced by Rattlesnake Venom

PubMed Central

Stringer, John M.; Kainer, Robert A.; Tu, Anthony T.

1972-01-01

The myonecrotic effect of rattlesnake (Crotalus viridis viridis) venom on mouse skeletal muscle was studied. The biceps femoris muscle was examined with the electron microscope after one-fourth the LD50 of the crude venom was injected into the gracilis and semimembranosus muscles. Focal areas of myonecrosis were abundant. Injured fibers contained dilated sarcoplasmic reticulum, disoriented, coagulated myofilamentous components and condensed, rounded and enlarged mitochondria. The external lamina and sarcolemma remained intact in many fibers. Hemorrhage was apparent in the endomysial connective tissue, and hemolysis was discernible. In areas where the erythrocytes were tightly packed between the muscle fibers, there was disruption of the external lamina and sarcolemma. Degeneration of the fibers in these areas was pronounced. These findings correlate well with the breakdown of muscle fibers by various methods described in the literature. Myonecrosis induced by snake venom may serve as a useful model for studying muscle necrosis because of its rapid onset and relative ease of induction. ImagesFig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8Fig 9Fig 10Fig 11Fig 12Fig 13Fig 14 PMID:5045877

The Cellular Pathology of Experimental Hypertension

PubMed Central

Wiener, Joseph; Giacomelli, Filiberto

1973-01-01

Acute hypertension was produced in rats by the infusion of angiotensin amide for 2 to 4 hours. These animals were injected intravenously prior to sacrifice with either colloidal carbon or iron dextran particles. The mesenteric vessels from hypertensive and control animals were processed for electron microscopy. Ultrastructural alterations are found in dilated segments of small arteries. Initially there is severe contraction of medial smooth muscle cells and the formation of processes of smooth muscle cytoplasm. This is followed by lysis of cell processes and bodies, and passage of plasma and colloidal iron into the media. Subsequently, carbon, platelets, fibrin and cellular debris are seen within these foci of medial necrosis. These changes appear as a sequence whose severity reflects the duration of the angiotensin infusion and degree of elevation of the systolic pressure. The morphologic alterations are discussed in relation to the generalized increase in vascular permeability that is associated with the hypertensive state. ImagesFig 5Fig 11Fig 12Fig 13Fig 14Fig 6Fig 7Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 8Fig 9Fig 10 PMID:4124863

The visual arts in Northern Ireland hospitals.

PubMed Central

Cromie, H.

1995-01-01

Since 1989 there has been a burgeoning of the visual arts in Northern Ireland hospitals. This paper compares the three organisational models for hospital arts currently operating within the Province and in an overview discusses ways to coordinate working practice for future development of the visual arts in local hospitals. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 PMID:8533183

Nano-Forging of Bulk Metallic Glasses

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-13

zirconia powder . Arrows indicate the width of ridges on the BMG surface. Fig. 3.3 Imprinted BMG using die made with 250 nm zirconia powder . 9...Fig. 3.4 Imprinted BMG using die made with 50 nm zirconia powder . On each of the imprinted BMG surfaces, linear features

Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Endemic Skeletal Fluorosis

PubMed Central

Teotia, S. P. S.; Teotia, Mohini

1973-01-01

Investigation of 20 patients with skeletal fluorosis showed that five had clear evidence of secondary hyperparathyroidism. The hyperactivity of the parathyroid glands in skeletal fluorosis in the presence of decreased solubility of the bone mineral (fluoroapatite) strongly suggests that it is a compensatory attempt to maintain a normal extracellular ionized calcium equilibrium. Further study of the parathyroid glands and of bone lesions in skeletal fluorosis is in progress. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4 PMID:4692708

Steatorrhoea in rats with an intestinal cul-de-sac

PubMed Central

Hoet, P. P.; Eyssen, H.

1964-01-01

Steatorrhoea in rats with an intestinal cul-de-sac is mainly due to malabsorption of alimentary fats but faecal lipids of endogenous origin are also increased. Steatorrhoea depends on the site of the blind loop in the small intestine and is mainly caused by bacterial proliferation in the lumen of the gut. The aetiological role of Gram-positive anaerobic microbes, especially Clostridium welchii, is suggested. ImagesFIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:14209913

Placental agenesis, embryonal hydraemia, embryolethality and acute hypervitaminosis A in rats.

PubMed Central

Love, A. M.; Vickers, T. H.

1976-01-01

Acute maternal hypervitaminosis A established on Day 9 of gestation in Sprague-Dawley-derived rats caused a dose-related increase in the resorption of implants. The median embryolethal dose was 189,000 i.u./kg. In addition to suppression of the allantois leading to placental agenesis, damaged embryos showed retarded somatic development and hydraemia, all apparent 24 h after treatment. At about Day 11 the hydraemia involved the visceral wall of the yolk sac causing death of the embryo soon after. The fluid in the vitelline vessels continued to collect until Day 13 when it absorbed following necrosis of the wall of the yolk sac. Two mechanisms are suggested for the embryonal hydraemia: either the excess fluid resulted from a permeability disorder induced by the vitamin A; or it was retained metabolic water or water specifically absorbed to inflate the allantois and, being unused for this purpose, it pooled in the blood vessels of the embryo. The yolk sac hydraemia is more likely to have followed injury to the proximal endoderm. Images Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 PMID:999789

Ionic liquid self-combustion synthesis of BiOBr/Bi24O31Br10 heterojunctions with exceptional visible-light photocatalytic performances

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Fa-Tang; Wang, Qing; Ran, Jingrun; Hao, Ying-Juan; Wang, Xiao-Jing; Zhao, Dishun; Qiao, Shi Zhang

2014-12-01

Heterostructured BiOBr/Bi24O31Br10 nanocomposites with surface oxygen vacancies are constructed by a facile in situ route of one-step self-combustion of ionic liquids. The compositions can be easily controlled by simply adjusting the fuel ratio of urea and 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BTH). BTH serves not only as a fuel, but also as a complexing agent for ionic liquids and a reactant to supply the Br element. The heterojunctions show remarkable adsorptive ability for both the cationic dye of rhodamine B (RhB) and the anionic dye of methylene orange (MO) at high concentrations, which is attributed to the abundant surface oxygen vacancies. The sample containing 75.2% BiOBr and 24.8% Bi24O31Br10 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity. Its reaction rate constant is 4.0 and 9.0 times that of pure BiOBr in degrading 50 mg L-1 of RhB and 30 mg L-1 of MO under visible-light (λ > 400 nm) irradiation, respectively, which is attributed to the narrow band gap and highly efficient transfer efficiency of charge carriers. Different photocatalytic reaction processes and mechanisms over pure BiOBr and heterojunctions are proposed.Heterostructured BiOBr/Bi24O31Br10 nanocomposites with surface oxygen vacancies are constructed by a facile in situ route of one-step self-combustion of ionic liquids. The compositions can be easily controlled by simply adjusting the fuel ratio of urea and 2-bromoethylamine hydrobromide (BTH). BTH serves not only as a fuel, but also as a complexing agent for ionic liquids and a reactant to supply the Br element. The heterojunctions show remarkable adsorptive ability for both the cationic dye of rhodamine B (RhB) and the anionic dye of methylene orange (MO) at high concentrations, which is attributed to the abundant surface oxygen vacancies. The sample containing 75.2% BiOBr and 24.8% Bi24O31Br10 exhibits the highest photocatalytic activity. Its reaction rate constant is 4.0 and 9.0 times that of pure BiOBr in degrading 50 mg L-1 of RhB and 30 mg L-1 of MO under visible-light (λ > 400 nm) irradiation, respectively, which is attributed to the narrow band gap and highly efficient transfer efficiency of charge carriers. Different photocatalytic reaction processes and mechanisms over pure BiOBr and heterojunctions are proposed. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD pattern for composition calculation (Fig. S1), SEM photographs (Fig. S2), N2 absorption-desorption isotherms (Fig. S3), STEM images (Fig. S4), time-course variation of ln(C0/C) of dyes (Fig. S5), Appearance photographs for adsorption of dyes (Fig. S6), UV-Vis absorption spectra of NBT (Fig. S7), pseudo-first order rate constants for RhB and MO degradation (Tables S1 and S2), electronegativity, calculated CB and VB edge positions (Table S3). See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05451b

High Resolution Near Real Time Image Processing and Support for MSSS Modernization

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

00-00-2012 to 00-00-2012 4 . TITLE AND SUBTITLE High Resolution Near Real Time Image Processing and Support for MSSS Modernization 5a. CONTRACT...This current CONOPS is depicted in Fig. 4 . Fig. 4 . PCID/ASPIRE High Resolution Post...experiments were performed, and subsequently addressed in papers and presentations [3, 4 ,] that demonstrated system behavior; with details of the

Erratum: Correction to: p-Hydroxy benzoic acid-conjugated dendrimer nanotherapeutics as potential carriers for targeted drug delivery to brain: an in vitro and in vivo evaluation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Swami, Rajan; Singh, Indu; Kulhari, Hitesh; Jeengar, Manish Kumar; Khan, Wahid; Sistla, Ramakrishna

2017-11-01

In the published manuscript https://doi.org/10.1007/s11051-015-3063-9, a qualitative cellular uptake image in UT87MG cell line in Fig. 4c is incorrectly provided. The provided fluorescent images in Fig. 4 correspond to our other concurrent project on same cell line.

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Tuberculosis of the Breast

PubMed Central

Wilson, T. S.; Macgregor, J. W.

1963-01-01

Tuberculosis of the breast is a rare disease. It may be primary—confined to the breast, or secondary to tuberculosis elsewhere. Five cases are reported of which three were primary. The clinician confuses the disease with pyogenic breast abscess and cancer. The pathologist may confuse the disease with comedomastitis. Definite diagnosis must rest on bacteriological proof, that is, positive tuberculous culture and guinea-pig inoculation. Treatment of the disease may be either medical or surgical. Medical treatment in our hands has been long and expensive, and the disease tends to reappear in further pregnancies. Surgical treatment, which usually consists of simple mastectomy, is preferable. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7 PMID:14079137

Eosinophilic granuloma of the ileum

PubMed Central

Myers, A.; Humphreys, Daphne M.; Williamson, R. C. N.

1975-01-01

A case of eosinophilic granuloma of the ileum is described in association with a high (50%) eosinophil count. A review of published suggested classifications, aetiology and therapy is made. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3 PMID:1114154

Autonomic innervation of the muscles in the wall of the bladder and proximal urethra of male rats.

PubMed Central

Watanabe, H; Yamamoto, T Y

1979-01-01

The muscular coat of the body of the rat bladder is innervated almost exclusively by cholinergic endings:adrenergic endings are rare. In the inner longitudinal muscle layer of the proximal urethra, 53% of 310 autonomic nerve endings observed in close relation to the smooth muscle cells were adrenergic and the remaining 47% cholinergic. The middle circular muscle layer of the proximal urethra was innervated predominantly by adrenergic endings: in this layer 86% of the total of 335 endings examined wre regarded as adrenergic. A similar predominantly adrenergic innervation was noted in the outer longitudinal layer of the proximal urethra. A number of striated muscle fibres arose from the outermost striated muscle layer of the proximal urethra and intruded deeply into the outer and middle smooth muscle layers. These intruding striated muscle fibres also received direct autonomic (mostly adrenergic) innervation. The significance of these findings in relation to the physiology of the lower urinary tracts is discussed. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 PMID:489473

Tumours of the female genital tract

PubMed Central

McEntee, Kenneth; Nielsen, Svend W.

1976-01-01

Tumours of the female tubular genital tract are comparatively rare, with the exception of leiomyomas in cows and bitches, uterine carcinomas and vaginal fibropapillomas in cows, and transmissible venereal tumours in bitches. Uterine adenocarcinomas of cows are highly scirrhous, often causing minimal gross lesions that remain undetected until metastatic lesions in pelvic nodes and lungs are found. Cats and bitches also develop uterine carcinomas, but less frequently than cows; when present, they are predominantly discrete masses of well differentiated, non-sclerosing adenocarcinoma. Fibropapillomas are caused by the virus of verrucca vulgaris and can be transmitted to the penis of the bull. Adenomyosis is not uncommon in the cat, cow, and bitch. There is a marked difference in the frequency with which cervical carcinomas occur in man compared with other mammals; in the latter we could find no instance of an unequivocal primary cervical carcinoma. There are a few reports describing invasive carcinomas involving the cervix, but invasion from either a uterine or a vaginal carcinoma could not be ruled out. ImagesFig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4 PMID:1086152

Lesions of the Islets of Langerhans in Encephalomyocarditis Virus-Infected Mice with Diabetes Mellitus-Like Disease

PubMed Central

Craighead, J. E.; Kanich, R. E.; Kessler, J. B.

1974-01-01

Mice infected with the M variant of the encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus develop lesions of the islets of Langerhans associated with a diabetes mellitus-like disease. Ultrastructural alterations become evident in capillaries and beta cells at a time when large amounts of virus are present in the pancreatic tissue. Although some beta cells become necrotic, degranulation and contraction of intact cells is the prominent lesion. Changes in the capillaries appear early in the course of the infection and later are associated with interstitial fibrosis in and around the islets. During early convalescence, beta cells are degranulated and exhibit striking alterations of cytoplasmic organelles. These changes appear to be consequent to increased metabolic activity by the residual insular tissue. Interestingly enough, specific lesions of the alpha cells are not observed. ImagesFig 9Fig 10Fig 11Fig 12Fig 13Fig 1Fig 2Figs 3 and 4Fig 5Figs 6 and 7p[297]-aFig 8 PMID:4359734

Fine structure of the middle ear epithelium in the chicken (Gallus gallus).

PubMed Central

Giannessi, F; Ruffoli, R

1993-01-01

The epithelium lining the tympanic cavity of the chicken possesses distinct morphological characteristics. Its ultrastructure was studied using 2 preparative techniques. (1) After fixation in Karnovsky's solution, postfixation in osmium tetroxide and embedding in Epon, the epithelium was observed to contain 2 kinds of cell: secretory and basal. The secretory cells (which we refer to as mixed granulated cells) showed numerous secretory vesicles that varied in appearance, some containing paracrystalline formations. The basal cells, located close to the basement membrane, showed no evidence of secretory activity. (2) Other specimens were immersed in Karnovsky fixative and subsequently in a mixture of glutaraldehyde and tannic acid. They were then osmicated and embedded in polar Epon mix. With this method, the epithelium was seen to be covered by electron-dense material made up of thin intertwined tubules. In addition, the secretory cells contained vesicles with concentrically arranged lamellae; such vesicles resembled the multilamellar bodies of mammalian type II pneumocytes. The hypothesis is advanced that tubules and lamellar vesicles are related to the presence of surfactant substances. Images Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 PMID:8270465

The particles in town air

PubMed Central

Ellison, J. McK.

1965-01-01

Particles constitute an important part of air pollution, and their behaviour when suspended in air is very different from that of gas molecules: in particular, the mechanisms by which they become deposited on surfaces are different, and consequently the methods normally used for removing particles from the air, either for sampling or for cleaning it, rely mainly on mechanisms that do not enter into the behaviour of gas molecules. These mechanisms are described, and the ways in which they affect the problems of air pollution and its measurement are discussed. ImagesFIG. 8 PMID:14315713

Ultra wideband ground penetrating radar imaging of heterogeneous solids

DOEpatents

Warhus, J.P.; Mast, J.E.

1998-11-10

A non-invasive imaging system for analyzing engineered structures comprises pairs of ultra wideband radar transmitters and receivers in a linear array that are connected to a timing mechanism that allows a radar echo sample to be taken at a variety of delay times for each radar pulse transmission. The radar transmitters and receivers are coupled to a position determining system that provides the x,y position on a surface for each group of samples measured for a volume from the surface. The radar transmitter and receivers are moved about the surface, e.g., attached to the bumper of a truck, to collect such groups of measurements from a variety of x,y positions. Return signal amplitudes represent the relative reflectivity of objects within the volume and the delay in receiving each signal echo represents the depth at which the object lays in the volume and the propagation speeds of the intervening material layers. Successively deeper z-planes are backward propagated from one layer to the next with an adjustment for variations in the expected propagation velocities of the material layers that lie between adjacent z-planes. 11 figs.

Ultrastructure of mouse intestinal mucosa and changes observed after long term anthraquinone administration.

PubMed Central

Dufour, P; Gendre, P

1984-01-01

In an attempt to study the relative toxicity of anthraquinonic laxatives on intestinal mucosa, we compared in mice the effects of fruit pulp containing sennosides A and B with those of a free anthraquinone, 1-8 dihydroxyanthraquinone. Observations have been made with transmission electron microscopy (EM) after 16 weeks of treatment with the two drugs. Although the doses used in this study were equipotent in terms of laxative activity, no damage to the intestinal tissue was observed with the sennosides. A number of changes, however, were detected in intestinal nervous tissues of all the animals treated with 1-8 dihydroxyanthraquinone, mainly in the form of vacuolisation of the axons, formation of lysosomal structures and in some cases appearances of fibrillar degeneration. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:6510768

On the response of the regional testicular lymph nodes after unilateral vasectomy in rats.

PubMed Central

McDonald, S W; Scothorne, R J

1986-01-01

The histological response of the regional testicular lymph node has been studied at intervals from 1-12 weeks after unilateral vasectomy in rats. The criteria of a humoral immune response were increase in volume of the node, of number and size of germinal centres and of thickness and cellularity of medullary cords. Histological evidence of an immune response was delayed and variable, in conformity with serological data. Variability in the lymphatic drainage of the testis and epididymis has not been finally excluded as a cause of this variation in response. Variability of response did not seem to correlate with variation in site and size of the sperm granuloma, which is thought to be the principal site of leakage of sperm antigens. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:3693048

Tumours of the lower alimentary tract

PubMed Central

Head, K. W.

1976-01-01

This classification is presented in two parts: (a) tumours of the gastrointestinal tract; and (b) tumours of the anal canal and margin. In the gastrointestinal tract the tumours are classified as adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and undifferentiated carcinoma, with several subtypes. Most polyps prove to be non-neoplastic, hyperplastic, or regenerative rather than adenomatous. Carcinoma of the stomach occurs mainly in dogs, but is a rare tumour in all parts of the world. Moderately differentiated, tubular adenocarcinoma of the small intestine with excessive fibrosis occurs in all six species; in some geographical locations it may occur frequently in sheep and cattle. The adenoma/carcinoma sequence in the rectum of the dog is similar to that in man but is encountered less often. Carcinoid tumours are very rare in domestic animals. Among the soft tissue tumours, those of smooth muscle and adipose tissue are found fairly frequently and congenital mesothelioma in the peritoneum of calves occurs occasionally. Tumours of the haematopoietic and related tissues are the most common gastrointestinal neoplasms in all species and most belong to the lymphosarcoma group. Tumours of the anal canal and margin are common in the dog and 90% of these are tumours of the hepatoid (perianal) glands. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 29Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 33Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 37Fig. 38Fig. 39Fig. 40Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24 PMID:1086148

Stability, cytotoxicity and cell uptake of water-soluble dendron–conjugated gold nanoparticles with 3, 12 and 17 nm cores† †Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Additional characterization methods and procedures in addition to the data for the characterization of glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles and dendron-conjugated gold nanoparticles including FT-IR spectra (Fig. S1 and S2), UV-vis spectra (Fig. S3 and S6), TEM images (Fig. S4), MALDI-TOF/TOF spectra (Fig. S5), fluorescence spectra (Fig. S6 and S7), In vitro cytotoxic assay results (Fig. S9) and ICP-MS results (Tables 1 and 2). DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00608b Click here for additional data file.

PubMed Central

Deol, Suprit; Weerasuriya, Nisala

2015-01-01

This article describes the synthesis of water-soluble dendron–conjugated gold nanoparticles (Den–AuNPs) with various average core sizes and the evaluation of stability, cytotoxicity, cell permeability and uptake of these materials. The characterization of Den–AuNPs using various techniques including transmission electron microscopy (TEM), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS), 1H NMR, FT-IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy confirms the dendron conjugation to the glutathione-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). The stability of AuNPs and Den–AuNPs in solutions of different pH and salt concentration is determined by monitoring the changes in surface plasmon bands of gold using UV-vis spectroscopy. The stability of Den–AuNPs at different pH remained about the same compared to that of AuNPs. In comparison, the Den–AuNPs are found to be more stable than the precursor AuNPs maintaining their solubility in the aqueous solution with the salt concentration of up to 100 mM. The improved stability of Den–AuNPs suggests that the post-functionalization of thiol-capped gold nanoparticle surfaces with dendrons can further improve the physiological stability and biocompatibility of gold nanoparticle-based materials. Cytotoxicity studies of AuNPs and Den–AuNPs with and without fluorophores are also performed by examining cell viability for 3T3 fibroblasts using a MTT cell proliferation assay. The conjugation of dendrons to the AuNPs with a fluorophore is able to decrease the cytotoxicity brought about by the fluorophore. The successful uptake of Den–AuNPs in mouse fibroblast 3T3 cells shows the physiological viability of the hybrid materials. PMID:26366289

Installation of Multiple Application X-ray Imaging Undulator Microscope (MAXIMUM) at ALS: Final report, 8/15/95-8/15/96

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-12-31

MAXIMUM is short for Multiple Application X-ray IMaging Undulator Microscope, a project started in 1988 by our group at the Synchrotron Radiation Center of the University of Wisconsin-Madison. It is a scanning x-ray photoemission microscope that uses a multilayer-coated Schwarzschild objective as the focusing element. It was designed primarily for materials science studies of lateral variations in surface chemistry. Suitable problems include: lateral inhomogeneities in Schottky barrier formation, heterojunction formation, patterned samples and devices, insulating samples. Any system which has interesting properties that are not uniform as a function of spatial dimension can potentially be studied with MAXIMUM. 6 figs.,more » 3 tabs.« less

Surgical wound management with adhesive polyurethane membrane: a preferred method for routine usage.

PubMed Central

Tinckler, L.

1983-01-01

The author gives an account of his experience of the use in some 1600 patients of adhesive polyurethane membrane, marketed as Op-site, both for skin closure and wound dressing, in combination, as a routine method of surgical wound management in a wide variety of surgical operations. The technique of utilising this method is described in detail, as also are the advantages for patients, nursing and medical staff. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:6870136

Soft Tissue Tumours: Their Natural History and Treatment

PubMed Central

Cade, Stanford

1951-01-01

A series of 153 patients, the largest yet recorded from a single source, suffering from soft tissue sarcoma is discussed. References to the literature show the rarity of such tumours, the vagueness of the nomenclature and the disappointing results of treatment. Of the 153 patients only 7 have no histological confirmation of the diagnosis. In 146, sections and histological reports are available. 148 patients have been followed up either to death or to date. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4 PMID:14808223

Milton C. Winternitz and the Yale Institute of Human Relations: a brief chapter in the history of social medicine.

PubMed Central

Viseltear, A. J.

1984-01-01

This paper considers the antecedent events that led to the development of Yale's Institute of Human Relations, the program of interdisciplinary research and teaching established, and the principal protagonists, James Rowland Angell, President of Yale University, and Milton C. Winternitz, Dean of the School of Medicine, both of whom were committed to the concept that medicine is a social science. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 PMID:6399650

A combination of subcuticular suture and sterile Micropore tape compared with conventional interrupted sutures for skin closure. A controlled trial.

PubMed Central

Taube, M.; Porter, R. J.; Lord, P. H.

1983-01-01

We have conducted a controlled trial to compare skin closure using conventional interrupted sutures with a combination of subcuticular suture and sterile Micropore tape in 169 patients undergoing appendicectomy, inguinal herniorrhaphy, or saphenofemoral ligation. We have found that the combination technique consistently gives a better cosmetic result and that the tape acts well as a dressing, is convenient, and is well tolerated by patients. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:6344732

Diagnosis of Chagas' cardiomyopathy. Non-invasive techniques.

PubMed Central

Puigbó, J. J.; Valecillos, R.; Hirschhaut, E.; Giordano, H.; Boccalandro, I.; Suárez, C.; Aparicio, J. M.

1977-01-01

The natural history of Chagas' disease and its manifestations when the heart is involved are detailed clinically and pathologically. Three phases are recognized: the acute phase, lasting from 1-3 months, the latent phase, which may last from 10-20 years, and the chronic phase, which has the most serious manifestations. This phase is subdivided into three clinical stages. An analysis of the varied cardiac manifestations on 235 patients is included. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:412174

Laboratory Design for Microbiological Safety

PubMed Central

Phillips, G. Briggs; Runkle, Robert S.

1967-01-01

Of the large amount of funds spent each year in this country on construction and remodeling of biomedical research facilities, a significant portion is directed to laboratories handling infectious microorganisms. This paper is intended for the scientific administrators, architects, and engineers concerned with the design of new microbiological facilities. It develops and explains the concept of primary and secondary barriers for the containment of microorganisms. The basic objectives of a microbiological research laboratory, (i) protection of the experimenter and staff, (ii) protection of the surrounding community, and (iii) maintenance of experimental validity, are defined. In the design of a new infectious-disease research laboratory, early identification should be made of the five functional zones of the facility and their relation to each other. The following five zones and design criteria applicable to each are discussed: clean and transition, research area, animal holding and research area, laboratory support, engineering support. The magnitude of equipment and design criteria which are necessary to integrate these five zones into an efficient and safe facility are delineated. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 PMID:4961771

Hsp90 is required for the activity of a hepatitis B virus reverse transcriptase.

PubMed Central

Hu, J; Seeger, C

1996-01-01

The heat shock protein Hsp90 is known as an essential component of several signal transduction pathways and has now been identified as an essential host factor for hepatitis B virus replication. Hsp90 interacts with the viral reverse transcriptase to facilitate the formation of a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex between the polymerase and an RNA ligand. This RNP complex is required early in replication for viral assembly and initiation of DNA synthesis through a protein-priming mechanism. These results thus invoke a role for the Hsp90 pathway in the formation of an RNP. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:8577714

Localization of cholinesterases in the chicken nervous system and the problem of the selective neurotoxicity of organophosphorus compounds

PubMed Central

Cavanagh, J. B.; Holland, P.

1961-01-01

Using the thiocholine method, a restricted survey has been made of cholinesterases in the spinal cord and brain stem of the chicken. No simple relation between sites of selective damage in organophosphorus neurotoxicity and centres of cholinesterase activity could be adduced. Moreover, no significant differences between species susceptible and insusceptible to poisoning by these compounds were found by this method. It is concluded that, while cholinesterase may well play an intermediary role in the intoxication, other factors determine the selective damage to certain neurones and their processes. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:13691740

Pharmacological properties of ββ-dimethylacryloylcholine and some other β-substituted acryloylcholines

PubMed Central

Holmstedt, B.; Whittaker, V. P.

1958-01-01

The mammalian pharmacology of a new naturally occurring ester of choline, ββ-dimethylacryloylcholine (DMAC), has been studied, mainly in the cat, together with that of two synthetic β-substituted acryloylcholines, crotonoylcholine and pent-2-enoylcholine. Comparisons have been made with the reduced form of DMAC, isovalerylcholine, with another naturally ocurring β-substituted acryloylcholine, murexine (urocanoylcholine), and with suxamethonium. DMAC has been shown to be a ganglion stimulating and neuromuscular blocking agent generally similar, in potency and properties, to murexine. It is also a powerful respiratory stimulant. The other unsaturated esters behaved similarly but were less potent. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:13584734

Intramural esophageal bleeding in a hemodialysis patient

PubMed Central

Lien, J. W. K.; Dufresne, L. R.; Daly, D. S.

1974-01-01

A case of intramural esophageal hemorrhage in a hemodialysis patient is described. The hemorrhage followed an episode of vomiting and violent retching. Spontaneous resolution occurred with conservative management. The clinical course resembled that of previous case reports of intramural esophageal hemorrhage, whether or not associated with chronic renal failure and intermittent hemodialysis. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3 PMID:4434294

Dextroposition of the Heart

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-01

The atrial chamber that is connected to the inferior vena cava is typically the right atrium . The pulmonary veins typically empty into the left ...only “a left chest wall 6 cm scar consistent with surgical history.” The screening chest x-ray is presented below (Fig 1A). Technical limitations...Cardiac MRI images further define the internal cardiac anatomy. On a coronal bright blood MRI image (Fig. 1B; LA = left atrium ; LPA = left

Wavelet-Based Blind Superresolution from Video Sequence and in MRI

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-31

in Fig. 4(e) and (f), respectively. The PSNR- based optimal threshold gives better noise filtering but poor deblurring [see Fig. 4(c) and (e)] while...that ultimately produces the deblurred , noise filtered, superresolved image. Finite support linear shift invariant blurs are reasonable to assume... Deblurred and Noise Filtered HR Image Cameras with different PSFs Figure 1: Multichannel Blind Superresolution Model condition [11] on the zeros of the

Author Correction: Culex pipiens crossing type diversity is governed by an amplified and polymorphic operon of Wolbachia.

PubMed

Bonneau, Manon; Atyame, Celestine; Beji, Marwa; Justy, Fabienne; Cohen-Gonsaud, Martin; Sicard, Mathieu; Weill, Mylène

2018-04-11

In the originally published HTML and PDF versions of this Article, gel images in Figures 7c and 8c were not prepared as per the Nature journal policy. These figure panels have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.In Fig. 7c, the lane labelled 'Ha' was inappropriately duplicated to represent the lane labelled 'Ich13'. The corrected version of Fig. 7c includes PCR-RFLP on DNA from the Ichkeul 13 line, which had been run on a separate gel. The original unprocessed gel images are provided in Supplementary Figure 1 associated with this correction, with the relevant corresponding bands denoted. A repeat experiment of the PCR-RFLP test is also presented as Supplementary Figure 2.In Fig. 8c, the image was assembled from two separate gels without clear demarcation. The corrected Fig. 8c clearly separates lanes from the two gels, and the original unprocessed gel images are provided in the Supplementary Information associated with this correction.These corrections do not alter the original meaning of the experiments, their results, their interpretation, or the conclusions of the paper. We apologize for any confusion this may have caused to the readers of Nature Communications.

Titan's seasonal weather patterns, associated surface modification, and geological implications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turtle, E. P.; Perry, J. E.; Barnes, J. W.; McEwen, A. S.; Barbara, J. M.; Del Genio, A. D.; Hayes, A. G.; West, R. A.; Lorenz, R. D.; Schaller, E. L.; Lunine, J. I.; Ray, T. L.; Lopes, R. M. C.; Stofan, E. R.

2013-09-01

Model predictions [e.g., 1-3] and observations [e.g., 4,5] illustrate changes in Titan's weather patterns related to the seasons (Fig. 1). In two cases, surface changes were documented following large cloud outbursts (Figs. 2, 3): the first in Arrakis Planitia at high southern latitudes in Fall 2004, during Titan's late southern summer [6]; and the second at lows southern latitudes in Concordia and Hetpet Regiones, Yalaing Terra (Fig. 3), and Adiri, in Fall 2010, just over a year after Titan's northern vernal equinox [4, 7, 8]. Not only do these storms demonstrate Titan's atmospheric conditions and processes, they also have important implications for Titan's surface process, its methane cycle, and its geologic history.

Study of the Cross-Reactions of Hen and Duck Ovalbumins. Immunochemical Relationship between Native Proteins and Precipitating Fragments obtained after Proteolysis

PubMed Central

Kaminski, Marie

1962-01-01

The enzymatic digestion of duck ovalbumin yields precipitating fragments similar to those obtained with hen ovalbumin. In an anti-ovalbumin serum, the amount of antibody precipitating with the two fragments of degraded homologous ovalbumin and the amount of antibody precipitating with the heterologous ovalbumin are independent. The absorption of an anti-ovalbumin serum with the heterologous ovalbumin does not remove selectively the antibodies against one or another fragment of the degraded homologous antigen. The corresponding fragments obtained by digestion of hen and duck ovalbumins give cross-reactions when tested with anti-hen-ovalbumin serum, anti-duck-ovalbumin serum and anti-degraded-hen-ovalbumin serum. On double diffusion in agar, the cross-reaction between the native ovalbumin and its fragment yields a spur which is shorter than the spur formed by the two native ovalbumins or by the two corresponding fragments. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8FIG. 9FIG. 11FIG. 12FIG. 13 PMID:14453463

Early Development of and Pathology Associated with Strongylus edentatus

PubMed Central

McCraw, B. M.; Slocombe, J. O. D.

1974-01-01

Pony foals inoculated with infective Strongylus edentatus larvae were monitored for clinical signs and selected blood changes and were examined at necropsy from two to 56 days postinfection. Larvae penetrated the intestine and reached the liver intravenously before 40 hours postinfection. Occasional thrombi and larval tracks associated with the intima of cecal and colic veins suggested aberrant paths. Larvae in the liver doubled in width between seven and 15 days postinfection and a sudden increment in circulating eosinophils occurred between 11 and 15 days. These changes were probably associated with the third molt. At 30 days fourth stage larvae were migrating in the liver; at 42 days they were present in the hepatorenal ligament. White foci were observed in the liver from two to 56 days. They contained mononuclear cells and eosinophils and later necrotic cores of eosinophils. By one month foci were overshadowed by tortuous tracks of migrating larvae. Aberrant larvae in the lungs were confined in granulomas. Massive granulomas in the wall of the cecum and colon contained small larvae which were probably inhibited by antibody associated with the third molt. Severe disruption of omental architecture and adhesions involving the intestine occurred several weeks after infection. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2.Fig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 6.Fig. 7.Fig. 8.Fig. 9.Fig. 10.Fig. 11.Fig. 12.Fig. 13.Fig. 14.Fig. 15.Fig. 16.Fig. 17.Fig. 18.Fig. 19.Fig. 20.Fig. 21.Fig. 22.Fig. 23.Fig. 24. PMID:4274818

Studies on Infectious Mononucleosis

PubMed Central

Joncas, J.; Lussier, G.; Pavilanis, V.

1966-01-01

Heparinized blood specimens obtained from two patients in the acute phase of infectious mononucleosis and from a healthy technician were injected intravenously into rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) and the animals were observed for three weeks to one month for clinical, hematological and serological signs of infectious mononucleosis. Splenomegaly was the only definite clinical finding after 12 and 16 days, respectively. There were no definite hematological changes. At autopsy, hyperplasia of the germinal centres of lymphoid follicles, occasional foci of lymphocytic infiltration in the red pulp, and abnormal lymphoid cells in venules or arteries of the spleen were noted. The lesions in the spleen suggest that asymptomatic, presumably viral, infections occur in rhesus monkeys after inoculation with material from patients with infectious mononucleosis. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7 PMID:4957314

Schistosoma haematobium infection in the opossom (Didelphis marsupialis): involvement of the urogenital system*

PubMed Central

Kuntz, Robert E.; Myers, Betty June; Cheever, Allen W.

1971-01-01

Investigations of experimental schistosomiasis haematobia have suffered for want of satisfactory mammals in which schistosome infections would establish host—parasite situations more or less comparable with those seen in man. As a consequence, mammals representing different major groups have been exposed to infection by Schistosoma haematobium (Iran strain) to determine their potential use as models for more detailed investigations. In preliminary studies, 8 American opossums (Didelphis marsupialis) were exposed to 1000 or 2000 cercariae. Macroscopic involvement of the urogenital tract was noted in 3 animals, one of which had a 1-cm fibrous plaque in the bladder. In another animal, multiple transitional cell papillomas were present in the bladder and in one ureter. ImagesFig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 2 PMID:5316850

An abundantly expressed mucin-like protein from Toxocara canis infective larvae: the precursor of the larval surface coat glycoproteins.

PubMed Central

Gems, D; Maizels, R M

1996-01-01

Evasion of host immunity by Toxocara canis infective larvae is mediated by the nematode surface coat, which is shed in response to binding by host antibody molecules or effector cells. The major constituent of the coat is the TES-120 glycoprotein series. We have isolated a 730-bp cDNA from the gene encoding the apoprotein precursor of TES-120. The mRNA is absent from T. canis adults but hyperabundant in larvae, making up approximately 10% of total mRNA, and is trans-spliced with the nematode 5' leader sequence SL1. It encodes a 15.8-kDa protein (after signal peptide removal) containing a typical mucin domain: 86 amino acid residues, 72.1% of which are Ser or Thr, organized into an array of heptameric repeats, interspersed with proline residues. At the C-terminal end of the putative protein are two 36-amino acid repeats containing six Cys residues, in a motif that can also be identified in several genes in Caenorhabditis elegans. Although TES-120 displays size and charge heterogeneity, there is a single copy gene and a homogeneous size of mRNA. The association of overexpression of some membrane-associated mucins with immunosuppression and tumor metastasis suggests a possible model for the role of the surface coat in immune evasion by parasitic nematodes. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 4 PMID:8643687

Three-dimensional functional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain on a clinical 1.5-T scanner.

PubMed Central

van Gelderen, P; Ramsey, N F; Liu, G; Duyn, J H; Frank, J A; Weinberger, D R; Moonen, C T

1995-01-01

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is a tool for mapping brain function that utilizes neuronal activity-induced changes in blood oxygenation. An efficient three-dimensional fMRI method is presented for imaging brain activity on conventional, widely available, 1.5-T scanners, without additional hardware. This approach uses large magnetic susceptibility weighting based on the echo-shifting principle combined with multiple gradient echoes per excitation. Motor stimulation, induced by self-paced finger tapping, reliably produced significant signal increase in the hand region of the contralateral primary motor cortex in every subject tested. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:7624341

The embryological development of primary visual centres in the turtle Emys orbicularis.

PubMed Central

Hergueta, S; Lemire, M; Pieau, C; Ward, R; Repérant, J

1993-01-01

The development of the primary visual centres was studied in a series of embryos of the turtle, Emys orbicularis, incubated at 25 degrees C. The differentiation of both visual and nonvisual diencephalic and mesencephalic structures takes place entirely within the 2nd quarter of the period of incubation; this finding appears to be consistent with previous descriptions of the embryology of 2 other chelonian species, Lepidochelys and Chelydra. Two successive waves of migration, each dividing into internal and external sheaves, are involved in the formation of the structures of the diencephalon and mesencephalon. The primary visual centres, which comprise 2 hypothalamic, 5 thalamic and 5 pretectal zones of retinal projections, together with the 2 superficial layers of the tectum and a single tegmental projection zone, all have their origin in the external sheaf of the 1st wave of migration. The finding that the adult nucleus geniculatus lateralis dorsalis, pars ventralis arises from one of the migrations of the dorsal thalamus is discussed in the context of the debate over the possible homologues of the mammalian geniculostriate visual pathway. Images Fig. 1 (cont.) Fig. 1 Fig. 2 (cont.) Fig. 2 Fig. 3 (cont.) Fig. 3 Fig. 4 (cont.) Fig. 4 Fig. 5 (cont.) Fig. 5 Fig. 6 (cont.) Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 (cont.) Fig. 8 Fig. 9 (cont.) Fig. 9 Fig. 10 (cont.) Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 PMID:8300423

A Human Tissue Culture Cell Line from a Transitional Cell Tumour of the Urinary Bladder: Growth, Chromosome Pattern and Ultrastructure

PubMed Central

Rigby, Carolyn C.; Franks, L. M.

1970-01-01

Cell cultures were made from 18 human bladder tumours. Three cell lines were maintained for seven transfer generations, but all had a “fibroblastic” morphology and a normal diploid karyotype. A fourth line has been maintained for over 80 transfer generations. This was derived from a well differentiated papillary tumour of bladder. Morphologically the light and electron microscopic structure of the cells resembled that of bladder tumours. The cells formed tumour nodules, with a similar structure, when transplanted into hamster cheek pouches. There is a stem line chromosome number of 48. Karyotypes of 60% of the stem line cells had one extra chromosome in Group C and one in Group D. ImagesFig. 11Figs. 12-15Fig. 16Fig. 17Figs. 1-4Fig. 18Figs. 5-8Figs. 9-10 PMID:5503601

Pseudocyanotic pigmentation of the skin induced by amiodarone: a light and electron microscopic study.

PubMed Central

Delage, C.; Lagacé, R.; Huard, J.

1975-01-01

An unusual bluish discolouration of the nose was noticed in a woman 9 months after she had begun treatment with a coronary vasodilator, amiodarone hydrochloride. Cutaneous biopsies of the nose were obtained 6 and 9 months later for light and electron microscopic studies. In the dermis were histiocytes containing cytoplasmic yellow-brown granules with histochemical properties of melanin and lipofuscin. Ultrastructurally the granules appeared as lysosomal membrane-bound dense bodies similar to lipofuscin. Similar granules were observed at diascopy in both corneas. The pathogenesis is obscure. A storage disease involving the drug or its metabolites cannot be ruled out. Another possibility is that amiodarone accelerates the normal cellular autophagocytosis, resulting in increased production of lipofuscin, which then accumulates in lysosomes because of a deficiency in lipolytic enzymes. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 PMID:47784

Ultrastructure of the mink parotid gland.

PubMed Central

Tandler, B

1991-01-01

Acini in the parotid gland of the North American mink (Mustela vision) are composed of seromucous cells that contain secretory granules of peculiar morphology. Many of the granules consist of a light matrix in which is embedded an inclusion made up of dense, frequently parallel rodlets in a fibrillar material of moderate density. Like the submandibular gland of the same animal, the tall cells of the parotid striated ducts contain numerous polygonal, often rhomboidal, crystalloids in their apical cytoplasm. These crystalloids are present equally in both sexes and are as abundant in the parotid as in the submandibular gland. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:1769893

Individual antigenic specificity and cross-reactions among amyloid preparations from different individuals

PubMed Central

Husby, G.; Natvig, J. B.

1972-01-01

Amyloid fibrils were isolated from eleven amyloid-laden organs of six patients. By alkaline degradation, soluble units were obtained which gave antibody formation in rabbits. Gel precipitation and haemagglutination inhibition were used to characterize antigens of the amyloid. Evidence was obtained that amyloids from different organs of the same individual were identical in the antigenicity. In contrast, amyloids from different individuals each showed unique individual specificity. Besides this, antigenic cross-reactions were noted between the amyloid preparations. Finally, evidence for antigenic cross-reactivity between certain amyloid preparations and immunoglobulin light chains was obtained. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:4624554

The Effect of Visual Task Difficulty on the Fixation-Related Lambda Response

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-02-01

than limiting eye movements in experimental paradigms. The lambda response, a prominent neural signature of the fixation-related potential, has been...release; distribution is unlimited. v List of Figures Fig. 1 Task layout. The left image shows the layout of the experimental environment while a...on an invisible 7 × 7 grid. Fig. 1 Task layout. The left image shows the layout of the experimental environment while a participant performs the

Visceral brown fat necrosis in postperinatal mortality.

PubMed Central

Stephenson, T J; Variend, S

1987-01-01

Fat necrosis was present in 22 of 400 cases of consecutive postperinatal mortalities investigated to assess the presence and pattern of deep fat necrosis. In just over 50% of the cases of fat necrosis the cause of death was categorised as sudden infant death syndrome, which also showed more severe degrees of necrosis. The mechanism of necrosis may be vascular hypoperfusion, possibly related to shock, and brown adipose tissue, on account of its high metabolic activity and rich capillary plexus, may be particularly vulnerable to infarction. The occurrence of fat necrosis in association with other causes of death did not provide any definite clue as to the nature of the alleged shock. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 Fig 6 PMID:3654989

Current Concepts in Dermatology

PubMed Central

Jackson, Robert

1963-01-01

Many systemic diseases have cutaneous manifestations. In some diseases skin involvement is the predominant factor (Behçet's syndrome, urticaria pigmentosa, discoid lupus erythematosus and pseudoxanthoma elasticum); in others the skin manifestations, when present, are an important part of the condition (sarcoidosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, hypersensitivity angiitis, porphyria). This report includes descriptions of and comments on these cutaneous manifestations. Erythema nodosum and erythema multiforme are reaction patterns of the skin and mucous membrane which may have many causes. The relationship between discoid and systemic lupus erythematosus is discussed. There is little doubt that these are variations of the same basic disease process, even though the prognoses are very different. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:14063940

Hematuria as a sign of aorto-caval fistula.

PubMed Central

Brewster, D C; Ottinger, L W; Darling, R C

1977-01-01

An aorto-caval fistula is a rare complication of an abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Typical features, including congestive heart failure and a loud abdominal bruit, may be present and allow prompt diagnosis, but not infrequently they are absent or overlooked and the diagnosis not made preoperatively. Four patients with an AAA and an aorto-caval fistula are described, each of whom presented with hematuria. We believe the presence of hematuria in a patient with a symptomatic AAA should suggest the diagnosis of an aorto-caval fistula. A correct preoperative diagnosis may contribute to better planning of the operative procedure, reduced blood loss, and avoidance of possible pulmonary embolization. Images Fig. 1a. Fig. 1b. Fig. 2a. Fig. 2b. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. PMID:603281

Habilitation of Patients with Congenital Malformations Associated with Thalidomide: Surgery of Limb Defects

PubMed Central

Hall, John E.

1963-01-01

The deformities commonly seen in “thalidomide babies” are described. These vary from relatively uncomplicated radial-ray defects to complete phocomelia of all four extremities. It is suggested that the care of these children is best carried out in a clinic accustomed to dealing with juvenile amputee problems. A plea is made for very early fitting of upper-extremity prostheses (at approximately three months of age) in cases of unilateral upper-limb deficiencies. A “bucket” for sitting should be supplied for children with quadrilateral phocomelia to sit in when they reach seven or eight months of age. Children with severe upper-limb malformations will be candidates for some form of externally powered prostheses. ImagesFig. 1a and 1bFig. 2a and 2bFig. 3a and 3bFig. 4a and 4bFig. 5a, b and cFig. 6a and 6bFig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9a and 9bFig. 10a,bFig. 10c and d PMID:13952105

Experimental Concussion

PubMed Central

Brown, W. Jann; Yoshida, N.; Canty, T.; Verity, M. Anthony

1972-01-01

Ultrastructural and biochemical alterations were studied in the brainstem reticular formation of animals in which transient coma had been induced by controlled blows to the head. After a period of 7-10 days, animals that did not show obvious injury were artificially respired and sacrificed by perfusion with buffered formalin and glutaraldehyde. Histochemistry and light microscopy revealed chromatolysis of 10-15% of the neurons of pertinent segments of the nucleus giganto cellularis. There was much PAS-positive, diastase-sensitive material in the associated neuropil. Electron miscroscopy of the region confirmed the polysaccharide accumulation in dendrites, presynaptic boutons and preterminal axons. Similar material was found in some astrocytes. A longitudinal microchemical investigation with suitable controls of glycogen concentration in the brainstem demonstrated peak values at 5-7 days after concussion. No significant change in phosphorylase activity was demonstrated. The significance of glycogen accumulation in postconcussive injury and possible mechanisms for its accumulation in relation to changes in electrolyte balance and alterations in Kreb's cycle intermediates are discussed. ImagesFig 9Fig 10Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 11Fig 4Fig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8 PMID:5045878

Speedboat Propeller Injuries

PubMed Central

Sleight, M. W.

1974-01-01

Six patients are reported who were severely injured by high-speed boat propellers. With reasonable precautions such accidents need never occur, and people should be more aware of these and ensure that safety measures are enforced. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2 PMID:4835301

Electron microscopy of antigen precipitates extracted from gel diffusion plates

PubMed Central

Watson, D. H.; Le Bouvier, G. L.; Tomlinson, J. A.; Walkey, D. G. A.

1966-01-01

A method is described whereby material from virus precipitin lines from agar gel diffusion plates may be examined in the electron microscope by a negative staining technique. ImagesFIGS. 1-2FIGS. 3-4 PMID:4286708

Light microscopical structure of the excurrent ducts and distribution of spermatozoa in the Australian rodents Pseudomys australis and Notomys alexis.

PubMed Central

Peirce, E J; Breed, W G

1989-01-01

The light microscopical structure of the male excurrent ducts and the distribution of spermatozoa were examined in two species of Australian rodents, the plains rat, Pseudomys australis, and the hopping mouse, Notomys alexis. In plains rats the microstructure of the ductus epididymidis and ductus deferens was similar to that of the common laboratory rodents, with the majority of the spermatozoa being found in the cauda epididymides. By contrast, in the hopping mouse, the structure of the cauda epididymidis differed significantly as the height of the epithelium and stereocilia did not decrease from the distal caput to the cauda region, and luminal diameter did not increase markedly along its length. In addition, few spermatozoa were stored in the cauda region of the tract, and as many as 60% were located in the ductus deferens, the distal portion of which displayed a highly infolded epithelium and underlying lamina propria. These differences in histological structure of the hopping mouse excurrent ducts presumably reflect divergence in function of the various regions of the tract. Although the functional implications of the present findings remain to be determined, this study demonstrates the considerable plasticity in the male excurrent ducts amongst the hydromyine rodents of Australia. Images Figs. 1-2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Figs. 22-23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 PMID:2808117

Radioisotope scanning of brain, liver, lung and bone with a note on tumour localizing agents

PubMed Central

Lavender, J. P.

1973-01-01

Radioisotopic scanning of brain, liver, lungs and the skeleton is briefly reviewed with a survey of recent developments of clinical significance. In brain scanning neoplasm detection rates of greater than 90% are claimed. The true figure is probably 70-80%. Autopsy data shows a number of false negatives, particularly with vascular lesions. Attempts to make scanning more specific in differentiating neoplasm from vascular lesions by rapid sequence blood flow studies are reviewed. In liver scanning by means of colloids again high success rate is claimed but small metastases are frequently missed and the false negative scan rate is probably quite high. Lung scanning still has its main place in investigating pulmonary embolic disease. Ventilation studies using Xenon 133 are useful, particularly combined with perfusion studies. The various radiopharmaceuticals for use in bone scanning are reviewed. The appearance of technetium labelled phosphate compounds will probably allow much wider use of total skeletal scanning. Research into tumour localizing agents continues, the most recent and interesting being Gallium citrate and labelled bleomycin. Neither agent is predictable however although Gallium may have a place in Hodgkins disease and bronchogenic neoplasm and both may have a place in the detection of cerebral tumours. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3p452-bFig. 3bFig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 5bFig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 12c & 12dFig. 13Fig. 13 b,c,dFig. 14Fig. 14bFig. 15Fig. 15bFig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18 PMID:4602127

Cerebro-costo-mandibular Syndrome

PubMed Central

McNicholl, B.; Egan-Mitchell, B.; Murray, J. P.; Doyle, J. F.; Kennedy, J. D.; Crome, L.

1970-01-01

Three sibs with a hitherto unreported syndrome are described, the main features being mental handicap, palatal defects, micrognathia, and severe costovertebral defects, involving segmentation of most ribs and fusion of their dorsal ends to the vertebral bodies. In addition one infant had hypoplasia of an elbow together with defects of sacrum and coccyx; she and one other sib had minor dental defects. The syndrome is potentially lethal in the neonatal period; one of the sibs has survived. The inheritance is probably autosomal recessive. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4 PMID:5427859

Recombination walking: genetic selection of clones from pooled libraries of yeast artificial chromosomes by homologous recombination.

PubMed Central

Miller, A M; Savinelli, E A; Couture, S M; Hannigan, G M; Han, Z; Selden, R F; Treco, D A

1993-01-01

Recombination walking is based on the genetic selection of specific human clones from a yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) library by homologous recombination. The desired clone is selected from a pooled (unordered) YAC library, eliminating labor-intensive steps typically used in organizing and maintaining ordered YAC libraries. Recombination walking represents an efficient approach to library screening and is well suited for chromosome-walking approaches to the isolation of genes associated with common diseases. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:8367472

Renal Cell Carcinoma Presenting as Right Atrial Tumor with Successful Removal Using Cardiopulmonary Bypass

PubMed Central

Paul, Joy G.; Rhodes, Donald B.; Skow, James R.

1975-01-01

A 58-year-old male presented with signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure. Diagnostic evaluation revealed a right renal cell carcinoma with extension into the vena cava and right atrium. Surgical management included radical right nephrectomy with retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, inferior vena caval resection, and removal of the intra-atrial tumor thrombus using a cardiopulmonary bypass. Two years after surgery the patient is alive and well with no evidence of recurrent disease. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2a.Fig. 2b.Fig. 3. PMID:1130867

Wide-bandgap III-Nitride based Second Harmonic Generation

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-02

fabrication process for a GaN LPS. Fig. 1: 3-step Fabrication process of a GaN based lateral polar structure. ( a ) Growth of a 20 nm AlN buffer layer...etching of the LT-AlN stripes. This results are shown in Fig. 2 ( a ) and (b). Fig. 2: AFM images of KOH ( a ) and RIE (b) patterned templates for lateral ...was varied between 0.6 - 1.0. FIG. 3: Growth process of AlGaN based Lateral Polar Structures. ( a ) RIE patterning. (b) Growth of HT- AlN. (c

Histopathological and electron microscopic studies of lymphangiectasia of the small intestine in Behçet's disease

PubMed Central

Asakura, Hitoshi; Morita, Akira; Morishita, Tetsuo; Tsuchiya, Masaharu; Watanabe, Yoonosuke; Enomoto, Yasuhiro

1973-01-01

The gastrointestinal involvement and immunological findings in 16 patients with Behçet's disease are described. Four of 15 biopsy specimens of jejunal mucosa showed marked lymphangiectasia in the lamina propria similar to the appearance which was thought to be a characteristic finding in protein-losing enteropathy. None of the patients had hypoproteinaemia. Increases in serum immunoglobulin IgA were proved in six of 15 cases; in IgM, five of 15; and in IgG, one of 15. Electron microscopic studies showed that there were thousands of precipitated lymph protein bodies in the extracellular spaces of the lamina propria. Ulcers and healed ulcers of the large intestine were studied by light microscopy. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9 PMID:4700433

A village-sclae trial with dichlorvos as a residual fumigant insecticide in southern Nigeria*

PubMed Central

Gratz, N. G.; Bracha, P.; Carmichael, A.

1963-01-01

Hut and village-scale trials with solid and liquid-type dichlorvos dispensers were carried out in 1961 in the vicinity of Lagos, Nigeria, by the WHO Insecticide Testing Unit. Bioassay results indicated that with a single application satisfactory mortalities of caged mosquitos could be obtained for a period of 12-13 weeks in mud-walled huts, whether with galvanized corrugated-iron roofs or with thatched roofs. Chemical analysis of air samples showed that satisfactory concentrations of dichlorvos vapour were maintained throughout the huts for about 12 weeks, after which time sublethal concentrations were observed first near the floors of the dwellings. No depression in blood or plasma cholinesterase was noted in the exposed inhabitants ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7 PMID:14056280

Human Lung Homotransplantation

PubMed Central

White, J. J.; Tanser, P. H.; Anthonisen, N. R.; Wynands, J. E.; Pare, J. A. P.; Becklake, M. R.; Munro, D. D.; MacLean, L. D.

1966-01-01

Left lung homotransplantation was performed in a 31-year-old man in terminal irreversible respiratory failure due to advanced silicosis. Within 10 minutes of completion of transplantation, arterial pO2 rose from 52 to 211 mm. Hg, pCO2 dropped from 90 to 43 mm. Hg, and pH rose from 7.15 to 7.42. On assisted ventilation, arterial O2 tension was maintained within normal limits for the first four days. Thereafter, arterio-alveolar difference for O2 increased to 300 mm. and that for CO2 to 25 mm. Xenon-133 ventilation perfusion ratios confirmed differences between the two lungs. Terminally, bronchopneumonia and hypoxemia were present. Surfactant content of the lung was within normal limits. Postmortem examination revealed bronchopneumonia, bronchial infarction, lymphatic engorgement and mild rejection. Future efforts should emphasize selection of non-infected donors, minimal reliance on steroids for immunosuppression, cardiopulmonary bypass during transplantation, and more definite criteria for rejection. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14 PMID:5328358

Ischemic Colitis

PubMed Central

Montessori, Gino; Liepa, Egils V.

1970-01-01

Twenty cases of ischemic colitis are reviewed; 19 were obtained from autopsy files and the diagnosis in one was made from a surgical specimen. The majority of the patients were elderly with generalized arteriosclerosis. In approximately two-thirds of the patients the ischemic colitis was precipitated by preceding trauma, operation or congestive heart failure. Clinically, ischemic colitis is characterized by abdominal pain, distension and bleeding per rectum. Perforation of large bowel may occur. The lesions tend to be localized around the splenic flexure and junction of the descending and sigmoid colon, and in cases following aortic graft surgery the rectum is involved. Microscopically, there is necrosis, hemorrhage and ulceration. In less severe cases the mucosa only is affected. Cases with perforation show necrosis of all layers. It is considered that ischemic colitis is comparatively frequent and should be distinguished from other inflammatory conditions of the colon. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8FIG. 9 PMID:5308923

Structural Influence on the Mechanical Response of Adolescent Gottingen Porcine Cranial Bone

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

specimens were then loaded in quasi -static compression to measure their mechanical response. The surface strain distribution on the specimen face was...13 Fig. 10 Apparent stress-strain responses of a sample of specimens loaded in quasi -static compression...modulus-BVF experimental results shown in Fig. 15 ..................................................................................19 Fig. 17 The

Automated real-time detection of defects during machining of ceramics

DOEpatents

Ellingson, W.A.; Sun, J.

1997-11-18

Apparatus for the automated real-time detection and classification of defects during the machining of ceramic components employs an elastic optical scattering technique using polarized laser light. A ceramic specimen is continuously moved while being machined. Polarized laser light is directed onto the ceramic specimen surface at a fixed position just aft of the machining tool for examination of the newly machined surface. Any foreign material near the location of the laser light on the ceramic specimen is cleared by an air blast. As the specimen is moved, its surface is continuously scanned by the polarized laser light beam to provide a two-dimensional image presented in real-time on a video display unit, with the motion of the ceramic specimen synchronized with the data acquisition speed. By storing known ``feature masks`` representing various surface and sub-surface defects and comparing measured defects with the stored feature masks, detected defects may be automatically characterized. Using multiple detectors, various types of defects may be detected and classified. 14 figs.

A structural study of solid electrolyte interface on negative electrode of lithium-Ion battery by electron microscopy.

PubMed

Matsushita, Tadashi; Watanabe, Jiro; Nakao, Tatsuya; Yamashita, Seiichi

2014-11-01

For the last decades, the performance of the lithium-ion battery (LIB) has been significantly improved and its applications have been expanding rapidly. However, its performance has yet to be enhanced.In the lithium-ion battery development, it is important to elucidate the electrode structure change in detail during the charge and discharge cycling. In particular, solid electrolyte interface (SEI) formed by decomposition of the electrolytes on the graphite negative electrode surface should play an important role for battery properties. Therefore, it is essential to control the structure and composition of SEI to improve the battery performance. Here, we conducted a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) study to elucidate the structures of the SEI during the charge and discharge process using LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 [1] cathode and graphite anode. [2] Since SEI is a lithium-containing compound with high activity, it was observed without being exposed to the atmosphere. The electrodes including SEI were sampled after dismantling batteries with cutoff voltages of 3V and 4.2V for the charge process and 3V for the discharge process. Fig.1 shows SEM images of the graphite electrode surface during the charge and discharge process. The change of the SEI structure during the process was clearly observed. Further, TEM images showed that the SEI grew thicker during the charge process and becomes thinner when discharged. These results with regard to the reversible SEI structure could give a new insight for the battery development.jmicro;63/suppl_1/i21/DFU056F1F1DFU056F1Fig. 1.SEM images of the graphite electrode surface:(a) before charge process;(b) with charge-cutoff voltage of 3.0V; (c) with charge-cutoff voltage of 4.2V; (d) with discharge-cutoff voltage of 3.0V. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Persistent gastrointestinal bleeding successfully treated with aminocaproic acid

PubMed Central

Graham, D. R.; Walker, R. J.

1982-01-01

An elderly female presented with persistent upper gastrointestinal bleeding from a mucosal lesion in the second part of the duodenum. This failed to respond to surgery, but was successfully treated with aminocaproic acid. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2 PMID:6983686

New Record Folder for Use in General Practice

PubMed Central

Hawkey, J. K.; Loudon, I. S. L.; Greenhalgh, G. P.; Bungay, G. T.

1971-01-01

A new concept for filing medical records in general practice is described, based on an A4-size folder; in experimental use in 40 practices doctors were generally in favour of the new system. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2 PMID:5134567

Cytochrome P450IID6 recognized by LKM1 antibody is not exposed on the surface of hepatocytes.

PubMed Central

Yamamoto, A M; Mura, C; De Lemos-Chiarandini, C; Krishnamoorthy, R; Alvarez, F

1993-01-01

LKM1 autoantibody, directed against P450IID6, is accepted as a marker of a particular type of autoimmune hepatitis, but its role in the pathogenesis of the disease is controversial. Localization of P450IID6 on the cell surface of rat hepatocytes was previously reported, suggesting that membrane-bound P450IID6 could be the target of LKM1 antibodies, thus allowing immune lysis of hepatocytes. The objective of the present study was to determine, using various methods, the cell localization of P450IID6 in human and rat hepatocytes. Incubation of rat and human hepatocytes with LKM1-positive serum showed slight, if any, cell membrane staining using immunofluorescence, immunoperoxidase and immunoelectron microscopic studies. No staining of the plasma membrane of human hepatocytes was observed when incubations were carried out with immunoaffinity-purified antibody directed against peptide 254-271, the main epitope of P450IID6 recognized by all LKM1 sera tested. Chinese hamster ovary cells, transfected with the complete P450IID6 cDNA and incubated with the supernatant from a B cell lymphoblastoid cell line prepared with the lymphocytes of a LKM1-positive patient, did not show any staining of the cell surface by immunofluorescence. Incubation of rat microsomal fraction vesicles with LKM1-positive serum, followed by protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy, displayed a staining of almost all vesicles, confirming that P450IID6 is present on the cytoplasmic side of the microsomal membrane, which makes it unable to be expressed on the cell surface even if it were transported from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Sulpho NHS Biotin labelling of rat hepatocyte cell membranes did not show the presence of a 50-kD molecule that could have reacted with LKM1 antibody. DNA sequencing of exon 1 of the CYP2D6 gene of a patient positive for LKM1 antibody did not show any difference from that of the normal published sequence of the gene. This does not favour an alteration of the NH2 terminal sequence of the P450IID6 molecule that could explain a translocation of the molecule to the luminal side of the ER, allowing its expression on the cell surface. These results indicate that, in all likelihood, P450IID6 molecule is not present on the cell surface of normal rat and human hepatocytes. Other mechanisms than antibody-mediated cell lysis directed against membrane P450IID6 antigenic determinants must be found to account for the destruction of hepatocytes observed in this disease. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:7685669

Posion Prevention in the Home

PubMed Central

Burnside, Sandra; Trepanier, Donna; McGuigan, Michael A.

1983-01-01

The Poison Control Centre at Toronto's Hospital for Sick Children received over 25,000 telephone inquiries in 1981. Those at greatest risk of accidental poisoning are children under age five. Education on poison prevention should begin at the first postnatal visit. This article lists the most common household poisons, including plants, resources that parents and physicians can use, and the telephone numbers of Canadian poison control centres. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4

Musculature of facial scent glands in the muntjac.

PubMed Central

Barrette, C

1976-01-01

The muscles associated with the very large preorbital glands of muntjacs (Muntiacus) are described. Although the two muntjac fawns examined were only 10 days old, their muscles were proportionately larger than those in adult specimens of North American cervids. A muscle, not found in North American cervids, but well developed in muntjacs, is probably responsible for the eversion of muntjacs' preorbital glands. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:977477

Magneto-Hydrodynamic Simulations of a Magnetic Flux Compression Generator Using ALE3D

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

armature ............................... 12 Fig. 10 Radial displacement of a point close to the armature at the axial position of 122 mm...13 Fig. 11 Radial displacement of the armature at 25-µs postdetonation time...right-hand side of image). In Fig. 10, a plot of the radial displacement history of a point on the armature located at the axial position of 122 mm. The

An antibody precipitating urease and its possible relation to gastric ulcer 1

PubMed Central

Freisinger, F. S.

1963-01-01

An antibody precipitating urease was found in 171 out of 180 human sera. Data obtained on limited material (50 cases) suggest that the anti-urease titre is appreciably higher in the serum of patients suffering from gastric ulcer. This is a pointer towards a possible antigen-antibody mechanism in the genesis of chronic gastric ulceration. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3 PMID:14086040

Radiation-tolerant imaging device

DOEpatents

Colella, N.J.; Kimbrough, J.R.

1996-11-19

A barrier at a uniform depth for an entire wafer is used to produce imaging devices less susceptible to noise pulses produced by the passage of ionizing radiation. The barrier prevents charge created in the bulk silicon of a CCD detector or a semiconductor logic or memory device from entering the collection volume of each pixel in the imaging device. The charge barrier is a physical barrier, a potential barrier, or a combination of both. The physical barrier is formed by an SiO{sub 2} insulator. The potential barrier is formed by increasing the concentration of majority carriers (holes) to combine with the electron`s generated by the ionizing radiation. A manufacturer of CCD imaging devices can produce radiation-tolerant devices by merely changing the wafer type fed into his process stream from a standard wafer to one possessing a barrier beneath its surface, thus introducing a very small added cost to his production cost. An effective barrier type is an SiO{sub 2} layer. 7 figs.

The predicted secondary structures of class I fructose-bisphosphate aldolases.

PubMed Central

Sawyer, L; Fothergill-Gilmore, L A; Freemont, P S

1988-01-01

The results of several secondary-structure prediction programs were combined to produce an estimate of the regions of alpha-helix, beta-sheet and reverse turns for fructose-bisphosphate aldolases from human and rat muscle and liver, from Trypanosoma brucei and from Drosophila melanogaster. All the aldolase sequences gave essentially the same pattern of secondary-structure predictions despite having sequences up to 50% different. One exception to this pattern was an additional strongly predicted helix in the rat liver and Drosophila enzymes. Regions of relatively high sequence variation generally were predicted as reverse turns, and probably occur as surface loops. Most of the positions corresponding to exon boundaries are located between regions predicted to have secondary-structural elements consistent with a compact structure. The predominantly alternating alpha/beta structure predicted is consistent with the alpha/beta-barrel structure indicated by preliminary high-resolution X-ray diffraction studies on rabbit muscle aldolase [Sygusch, Beaudry & Allaire (1986) Biophys. J. 49, 287a]. Images Fig. 1. (cont.) Fig. 1. PMID:3128269

Anatomical study of the opossum (Didelphis albiventris) extraocular muscles.

PubMed Central

Matheus, S M; Soares, J C; da Silva, A M; Seullner, G

1995-01-01

The anatomy of the extraocular muscles was studied in 10 adult opossums (Didelphis albiventris) of both sexes. Eight extraocular muscles were identified: 4 rectus muscles, 2 oblique muscles, the levator palpebrae superioris and the retractor ocular bulbi. The rectus muscles originate very close one to another between the orbital surfaces of the presphenoid and palatine bones. These muscles diverge on the way to their insertion which occurs at about 2 mm from the limbus. The levator palpebrae superioris originates with the dorsal rectus and is positioned dorsally in relation to it. The retractor ocular bulbi forms a cone which embraces the optic nerve and is located internally in relation to the rectus muscles. The dorsal oblique originates on the presphenoid bone and after a tendinous trajectory through a trochlea on the medial wall of the orbit, inserts into the ocular bulb. The only muscle arising from the anterior orbital floor is the ventral oblique. The main nerve supply for these muscles is the oculomotor, except for the dorsal oblique which is innervated by the trochlear nerve, and the lateral rectus which is innervated by the abducens nerve. The retractor ocular bulbi receives branches from the inferior division of the oculomotor nerve and some branches from the abducens nerve. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:7649843

Integrated circuit failure analysis by low-energy charge-induced voltage alteration

DOEpatents

Cole, E.I. Jr.

1996-06-04

A scanning electron microscope apparatus and method are described for detecting and imaging open-circuit defects in an integrated circuit (IC). The invention uses a low-energy high-current focused electron beam that is scanned over a device surface of the IC to generate a charge-induced voltage alteration (CIVA) signal at the location of any open-circuit defects. The low-energy CIVA signal may be used to generate an image of the IC showing the location of any open-circuit defects. A low electron beam energy is used to prevent electrical breakdown in any passivation layers in the IC and to minimize radiation damage to the IC. The invention has uses for IC failure analysis, for production-line inspection of ICs, and for qualification of ICs. 5 figs.

The response of the regional lymph node to epididymal sperm granulomas after vasectomy.

PubMed Central

McDonald, S W; al Saffar, R; Scothorne, R J

1991-01-01

The cause of the variable immune response in the regional testicular lymph node of inbred Albino Swiss rats after vasectomy was investigated in two experiments. In the first, the ductus deferens was transected at its junction with the epididymis so that, in every case, sperm granulomas developed in the epididymis, from which lymph is known to drain invariably to the testicular node. In spite of this, not all testicular nodes showed histological signs of an immune response at 12 weeks after vasectomy. In the second experiment the contents of epididymal lymphatics were compared in vasectomised rats and sham-operated controls at intervals of up to 18 months after operation. Lymphatics in animals with an 'active' epididymal granuloma invariably contained numbers of macrophages and lymphocytes, thought to be involved in antigen transport, while those of controls contained none. It is concluded that variations in the lymphatic drainage of vasal granulomas were not primarily responsible for the variable lymph node response to vasectomy previously reported. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 PMID:1917673

Quantitative characterization of conformational-specific protein-DNA binding using a dual-spectral interferometric imaging biosensor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xirui; Daaboul, George G.; Spuhler, Philipp S.; Dröge, Peter; Ünlü, M. Selim

2016-03-01

DNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in the maintenance and functions of the genome and yet, their specific binding mechanisms are not fully understood. Recently, it was discovered that DNA-binding proteins recognize specific binding sites to carry out their functions through an indirect readout mechanism by recognizing and capturing DNA conformational flexibility and deformation. High-throughput DNA microarray-based methods that provide large-scale protein-DNA binding information have shown effective and comprehensive analysis of protein-DNA binding affinities, but do not provide information of DNA conformational changes in specific protein-DNA complexes. Building on the high-throughput capability of DNA microarrays, we demonstrate a quantitative approach that simultaneously measures the amount of protein binding to DNA and nanometer-scale DNA conformational change induced by protein binding in a microarray format. Both measurements rely on spectral interferometry on a layered substrate using a single optical instrument in two distinct modalities. In the first modality, we quantitate the amount of binding of protein to surface-immobilized DNA in each DNA spot using a label-free spectral reflectivity technique that accurately measures the surface densities of protein and DNA accumulated on the substrate. In the second modality, for each DNA spot, we simultaneously measure DNA conformational change using a fluorescence vertical sectioning technique that determines average axial height of fluorophores tagged to specific nucleotides of the surface-immobilized DNA. The approach presented in this paper, when combined with current high-throughput DNA microarray-based technologies, has the potential to serve as a rapid and simple method for quantitative and large-scale characterization of conformational specific protein-DNA interactions.DNA-binding proteins play crucial roles in the maintenance and functions of the genome and yet, their specific binding mechanisms are not fully understood. Recently, it was discovered that DNA-binding proteins recognize specific binding sites to carry out their functions through an indirect readout mechanism by recognizing and capturing DNA conformational flexibility and deformation. High-throughput DNA microarray-based methods that provide large-scale protein-DNA binding information have shown effective and comprehensive analysis of protein-DNA binding affinities, but do not provide information of DNA conformational changes in specific protein-DNA complexes. Building on the high-throughput capability of DNA microarrays, we demonstrate a quantitative approach that simultaneously measures the amount of protein binding to DNA and nanometer-scale DNA conformational change induced by protein binding in a microarray format. Both measurements rely on spectral interferometry on a layered substrate using a single optical instrument in two distinct modalities. In the first modality, we quantitate the amount of binding of protein to surface-immobilized DNA in each DNA spot using a label-free spectral reflectivity technique that accurately measures the surface densities of protein and DNA accumulated on the substrate. In the second modality, for each DNA spot, we simultaneously measure DNA conformational change using a fluorescence vertical sectioning technique that determines average axial height of fluorophores tagged to specific nucleotides of the surface-immobilized DNA. The approach presented in this paper, when combined with current high-throughput DNA microarray-based technologies, has the potential to serve as a rapid and simple method for quantitative and large-scale characterization of conformational specific protein-DNA interactions. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: DNA sequences and nomenclature (Table 1S); SDS-PAGE assay of IHF stock solution (Fig. 1S); determination of the concentration of IHF stock solution by Bradford assay (Fig. 2S); equilibrium binding isotherm fitting results of other DNA sequences (Table 2S); calculation of dissociation constants (Fig. 3S, 4S; Table 2S); geometric model for quantitation of DNA bending angle induced by specific IHF binding (Fig. 4S); customized flow cell assembly (Fig. 5S); real-time measurement of average fluorophore height change by SSFM (Fig. 6S); summary of binding parameters obtained from additive isotherm model fitting (Table 3S); average surface densities of 10 dsDNA spots and bound IHF at equilibrium (Table 4S); effects of surface densities on the binding and bending of dsDNA (Tables 5S, 6S and Fig. 7S-10S). See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr06785e

Ectopic Enterobius vermicularis

PubMed Central

McDonald, G. S. A.; Hourihane, D. O'B.

1972-01-01

Enterobius vermicularis (the pinworm) commonly infests the lumen of the intestine but on rare occasions has been found in the wall or in the tissues outside the gastrointestinal tract. Three such patients have been encountered in whom Enterobius vermicularis was found in the wall of the colon, in the retrocaecal tissues, and on the peritoneum. The pathological lesions and their relationship to the clinical features are discussed. A brief review of the literature is given. It is concluded that Enterobius vermicularis can only penetrate the wall of the gastrointestinal tract if this is diseased. Once in the tissues the worms can cause an inflammatory reaction simulating carcinoma and Crohn's disease, and, by perforation of the intestine, cause a generalized peritonitis. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:5077172

Total Body Scanning with Strontium-85 in the Diagnosis of Metastatic Bone Disease

PubMed Central

Simpson, W. J.; Orange, R. P.

1965-01-01

To demonstrate skeletal metastases before radiographic changes were apparent, Sr85 scans were carried out on 46 patients who complained of sketetal pain but whose radiographs were negative. Positive scans were obtained in 34 patients, 20 of whom were subsequently shown to have metastases; three did not have skeletal metastases a year or more later; the outcome is unknown in 11 patients. Twelve patients had negative scans: three ultimately developed metastases, six did not, and three were inconclusive. Autoradiographs demonstrated Sr85 concentrations in areas of reactive osteogenesis. Although not specific for skeletal metastases, Sr85 scans are most helpful in substantiating this diagnosis when radiographic changes are absent. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:5839221

Publisher Correction: Imaging the square of the correlated two-electron wave function of a hydrogen molecule.

PubMed

Waitz, M; Bello, R Y; Metz, D; Lower, J; Trinter, F; Schober, C; Keiling, M; Lenz, U; Pitzer, M; Mertens, K; Martins, M; Viefhaus, J; Klumpp, S; Weber, T; Schmidt, L Ph H; Williams, J B; Schöffler, M S; Serov, V V; Kheifets, A S; Argenti, L; Palacios, A; Martín, F; Jahnke, T; Dörner, R

2018-06-05

The original version of this Article contained an error in the fifth sentence of the first paragraph of the 'Application on H 2 ' section of the Results, which incorrectly read 'The role of electron correlation is quite apparent in this presentation: Fig. 1a is empty for the uncorrelated Hartree-Fock wave function, since projection of the latter wave function onto the 2pσ u orbital is exactly zero, while this is not the case for the fully correlated wave function (Fig. 1d); also, Fig. 1b, c for the uncorrelated description are identical, while Fig. 1e, f for the correlated case are significantly different.' The correct version replaces 'Fig. 1e, f' with 'Fig. 2e and f'.

Theoretical Prediction of the Heats of Formation, Densities, and Relative Sensitivities for 5,7-dinitro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclo (3:3:0)octan-2-one

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-01

dioxabicyclo(3:3:0)octan-2-one molecule .............................................1 Fig. 2 Electrostatic potential map of 5,7-dinitro-5,7-diaza-1,3...the impact sensitivities, the electrostatic maps on the 0.001 isosurfaces were generated with the scalar range of the electrostatic surface potential... Electrostatic potential map of 5,7-dinitro-5,7-diaza-1,3-dioxabicyclo(3:3:0)octan-2- one, a) with and b-c) without molecule overlay. Image c) shows the opposite

Fever, petechiae, and pulmonary infiltrates in an immunocompromised Peruvian man.

PubMed Central

Berenson, C. S.; Dobuler, K. J.; Bia, F. J.

1987-01-01

The diagnostic considerations raised by immunocompromised patients with opportunistic infection continue to expand. When such patients harbor latent or persistent infection acquired in a tropical environment, the diagnostic challenge is even greater. The Infectious Disease Service at Yale-New Haven Hospital was asked to see a middle-aged man from Peru with known T-cell lymphoma who had recently completed a course of chemotherapy. He presented to the hospital with fever, petechial skin rash, pulmonary infiltrates, and neutropenia. Ultimately this case illustrated the necessity for careful evaluation of such patients, looking, in particular, for evidence of opportunistic parasitic infection. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 PMID:3424876

Follicular contact dermatitis due to coloured permanent-pressed sheets

PubMed Central

Panaccio, François; Montgomery, D. C.; Adam, J. E.

1973-01-01

A delayed hypersensitivity type of allergic contact dermatitis was observed following exposure to certain brands of 50% cotton, 50% polyester coloured permanent-pressed sheets produced by a particular manufacturer. The dermatitis presented as an extremely pruritic follicular eczema of the body and vesicular edema of the ears and face. Patch testing excluded formalin as the allergen but suggested permanent-pressing chemicals as a possibility. Several washings of the sheets did not prevent the development of the dermatitis. The removal of sheets did not immediately result in improvement: the condition could persist for up to eight weeks after their discontinuance. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5 PMID:4268628

Molecular biology of retinal ganglion cells.

PubMed Central

Xiang, M; Zhou, H; Nathans, J

1996-01-01

Retinal ganglion cells are the output neurons that encode and transmit information from the eye to the brain. Their diverse physiologic and anatomic properties have been intensively studied and appear to account well for a number of psychophysical phenomena such as lateral inhibition and chromatic opponency. In this paper, we summarize our current view of retinal ganglion cell properties and pose a number of questions regarding underlying molecular mechanisms. As an example of one approach to understanding molecular mechanisms, we describe recent work on several POU domain transcription factors that are expressed in subsets of retinal ganglion cells and that appear to be involved in ganglion cell development. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:8570601

Multivalent DNA-binding properties of the HMG-1 proteins.

PubMed Central

Maher, J F; Nathans, D

1996-01-01

HMG-I proteins are DNA-binding proteins thought to affect the formation and function of transcription complexes. Each protein contains three DNA-binding motifs, known as AT-hooks, that bind in the minor groove of AT tracts in DNA. Multiple AT-hooks within a polypeptide chain should contact multiple AT tracts, but the rules governing these interactions have not been defined. In this study, we demonstrate that high-affinity binding uses two or three appropriately spaced AT tracts as a single multivalent binding site. These principles have implications for binding to regulatory elements such as the interferon beta enhancer, TATA boxes, and serum response elements. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:8692884

The articulations of the neurocranium in the postnatal skeleton of the domestic fowl (Gallus gallus domesticus).

PubMed Central

Hogg, D A

1978-01-01

In the neurocranium of the domestic fowl the centres of ossification present at hatching and appearing susbequently have been investigated and illustrated. The controversy over centres around the orbit is reviewed and it is concluded that paired laterally placed pleurosphenoids are present by the time of hatching, while paired orbitosphenoids situated near the midline and dorsal to the optic foramen do not appear until between 70 and 91 days after hatching. No additional "presphenoid" centres were detected. The neurocranial articulations were studied: 27, many of them paired, were identified. The sequence and timing of synostosis were determined. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:568132

An isolated right hypoglossal nerve palsy in association with infectious mononucleosis.

PubMed Central

Wright, G. D.; Lee, K. D.

1980-01-01

Following an upper respiratory tract infection, a teenage girl developed an isolated right XII nerve palsy; subsequently she was shown to have infectious mononucleosis. After 24 weeks her tongue had virtually recovered. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:6248842

Chronic Actinic Keratopathy—A Condition Associated with Conjunctival Elastosis (Pingueculae) and Typified by Characteristic Extracellular Concretions

PubMed Central

Klintworth, Gordon K.

1972-01-01

Morphologic observations on a peculiar type of corneal reaction with a predisposition for the superficial stroma of the interpalpebral portion of the cornea are reviewed. Histochemical evidence is provided which indicates that the corneal concretions, though not homogenous, are proteinaceous in nature and contain amino acids not normally detectable in the cornea. The corneal concretions were associated with conjunctival elastosis (pingueculae) in all 22 instances in which the eyes were sectioned in the horizontal plane. Identical concretions were identified within these associated pingueculae, as well as in a large percentage of other pingueculae and cutaneous lesions with actinic elastosis. The findings suggest that the abnormal material arises in the pericorneal conjunctival connective tissue from whence it diffuses into, and deposits in, the superficial corneal stroma. The data also raise the possibility that the concretions may be derived, at least in part, from altered elastic tissue. Morphologic and epidemiologic observations on the condition taken together strongly suggest that this unique reaction is a sequel to the cumulative effect of chronic actinic irradiation. Further observations on this keratopathy are needed to establish whether this unique response can be provoked by other noxious stimuli. ImagesFig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8Fig 9Fig 10Fig 11Fig 12Fig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 13Fig 14Fig 15 PMID:5021106

Validation of Rain Rate Retrievals for the Airborne Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacob, Maria Marta; Salemirad, Matin; Jones, W. Linwood; Biswas, Sayak; Cecil, Daniel

2015-01-01

The NASA Hurricane and Severe Storm Sentinel (HS3) mission is an aircraft field measurements program using NASA's unmanned Global Hawk aircraft system for remote sensing and in situ observations of Atlantic and Caribbean Sea hurricanes. One of the principal microwave instruments is the Hurricane Imaging Radiometer (HIRAD), which measures surface wind speeds and rain rates. For validation of the HIRAD wind speed measurement in hurricanes, there exists a comprehensive set of comparisons with the Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer (SFMR) with in situ GPS dropwindsondes [1]. However, for rain rate measurements, there are only indirect correlations with rain imagery from other HS3 remote sensors (e.g., the dual-frequency Ka- & Ku-band doppler radar, HIWRAP), which is only qualitative in nature. However, this paper presents results from an unplanned rain rate measurement validation opportunity that occurred in 2013, when HIRAD flew over an intense tropical squall line that was simultaneously observed by the Tampa NEXRAD meteorological radar (Fig. 1). During this experiment, Global Hawk flying at an altitude of 18 km made 3 passes over the rapidly propagating thunderstorm, while the TAMPA NEXRAD perform volume scans on a 5-minute interval. Using the well-documented NEXRAD Z-R relationship, 2D images of rain rate (mm/hr) were obtained at two altitudes (3 km & 6 km), which serve as surface truth for the HIRAD rain rate retrievals. A preliminary comparison of HIRAD rain rate retrievals (image) for the first pass and the corresponding closest NEXRAD rain image is presented in Fig. 2 & 3. This paper describes the HIRAD instrument, which 1D synthetic-aperture thinned array radiometer (STAR) developed by NASA Marshall Space Flight Center [2]. The rain rate retrieval algorithm, developed by Amarin et al. [3], is based on the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique, which compares the observed Tb's at the HIRAD operating frequencies of 4, 5, 6 and 6.6 GHz with corresponding theoretical Tb values from a forward radiative transfer model (RTM). The optimum solution is the integrated rain rate that minimizes the difference between RTM and observed values. Because the excess Tb from rain comes from the direct upwelling and the indirect reflected downwelling paths through the atmosphere, there are several assumptions made for the 2D rain distribution in the antenna incident plane (crosstrack to flight direction). The opportunity to knowing 2D rain surface truth from NEXRAD at two different altitudes will enable a comprehensive evaluation to be preformed and reported in this paper.

The clinical role of skeletal scanning.

PubMed Central

Ell, P. J.

1975-01-01

Malignant disease very often spreads to the skeleton. This is particularly true for carcinomas of the breast, the lungs, the prostate, and the thyroid. Knowledge of the state of the skeleton in these disorders is therefore desirable since patient management will largely depend on the early detection of bony deposits. Primary bone disease often spreads to soft tissue (lungs), and the early detection of this may alter significantly the therapeutic approach to the primary lesion. Traditionally, X-ray skeletal surveys and serum enzyme measurements provide indices which can be used in the staging of these disorders. Complementary techniques such as mammography, xeroradiography, thermography, and radionuclide imaging have been used to provide further relevant information. A number of benign bone diseases need early assessment in order to institute the best form of treatment. It is of importance to assess the circulation in localized areas of bone and to predict the appearance of avascular necrosis, to understand the healing mechanisms involved in fractures, and to predict the outcome of bone grafting. In this paper the clinical role of bone scanning is reviewed, particular attention being given to the recent advances brought about by the introduction of the 99mTc compounds. It is important that the non-specialist should be aware of the great improvement in the results obtained and in the help they can give him in deciding on the best management of each patient as an individual. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:1211792

Acute hepatic failure in children.

PubMed Central

Riely, C. A.

1984-01-01

Many diseases may present as acute hepatic failure in the pediatric age group, including viral hepatitis A and B, adverse drug reactions, both toxic and "hepatitic," and inherited metabolic disorders such as tyrosinemia, alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, and Wilson's disease. Management is primarily supportive, with care taken to anticipate the known complications of hepatic failure. Few "curative" therapies are known, although attempts at stimulating hepatic regeneration may be helpful. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 PMID:6433587

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mendonsa, D; Nekoogar, F; Martz, H

This document describes the functionality of every component in the DHS/IDD archival and storage hardware system shown in Fig. 1. The document describes steps by step process of image data being received at LLNL then being processed and made available to authorized personnel and collaborators. Throughout this document references will be made to one of two figures, Fig. 1 describing the elements of the architecture and the Fig. 2 describing the workflow and how the project utilizes the available hardware.

The peripheral retinal 'map'.

PubMed Central

Williams, D. H.

1975-01-01

The condition of the periphery of the retinal field of the human eye is of considerable significance, it is suggested, to those participating in various sporting activities. Its boundaries shrink and expand depending upon the physiological conditions imposed both upon the eye and upon the organism as a whole. Consequently its message to the brain may be impaired under stress with resulting danger owing to delayed response. Images Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:1148574

The vomeronasal organ of the cat.

PubMed Central

Salazar, I; Sanchez Quinteiro, P; Cifuentes, J M; Garcia Caballero, T

1996-01-01

The vomeronasal organ of the cat was studied macroscopically, by light microscopy and by immunohistochemical techniques. Special attention was paid to the general distribution of the various soft tissue components of this organ (duct, glands, connective tissue, blood vessels and nerves.) Examination of series of transverse sections showed that the wall of the vomeronasal duct bears 44 different types of epithelium: simple columnar in the caudal part of the duct, respiratory and receptor respectively on the lateral and medial walls of the middle part of the duct, and stratified squamous rostrally. The pattern of distribution of other soft tissue components was closely associated with that of epithelium types. In areas where the duct wall was lined with receptor epithelium, nerves and connective tissue were present between the epithelium and the medial sheet of the vomeronasal cartilage. Most glands and blood vessels were located lateral to those areas of the duct wall lined with respiratory epithelium. Numerous basal cells were present in the sensory epithelium. Understanding of the distribution of the soft tissue components of this organ may shed light on its function. Images Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Figs. 13-14 PMID:8621344

Fibre optic confocal imaging (FOCI) for subsurface microscopy of the colon in vivo.

PubMed Central

Delaney, P M; King, R G; Lambert, J R; Harris, M R

1994-01-01

Fibre optic confocal imaging (FOCI) is a new type of microscopy which has been recently developed (Delaney et al. 1993). In contrast to conventional light microscopy, FOCI and other confocal techniques allow clear imaging of subsurface structures within translucent objects. However, unlike conventional confocal microscopes which are bulky (because of a need for accurate alignment of large components) FOCI allows the imaging end to be miniaturised and relatively mobile. FOCI is thus particularly suited for clear subsurface imaging of structures within living animals or subjects. The aim of the present study was to assess the suitability of using FOCI for imaging of subsurface structures within the colon, both in vitro (human and rat biopsies) and in vivo (in rats). Images were obtained in fluorescence mode (excitation 488 nm, detection above 515 nm) following topical application of fluorescein. By this technique the glandular structure of the colon was imaged. FOCI is thus suitable for subsurface imaging of the colon in vivo. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:8157487

Synaptic transmission in the superior cervical ganglion of the cat after reinnervation by vagus fibres

PubMed Central

Ceccarelli, B.; Clementi, F.; Mantegazza, P.

1971-01-01

1. A vagus-sympathetic anastomosis was performed in the cat by connecting end to end the cranial trunk of the vagus to the cranial end of the cervical sympathetic trunk, both severed under the ganglia. 2. Forty to sixty days after the anastomosis, the ocular signs of sympathetic paralysis (such as myosis and prolapse of the nictitating membrane) which had developed shortly after the operation, had completely disappeared, thus suggesting the recovery of synaptic transmission in the ganglion. In case of plain preganglionic denervation after the same period the ocular signs of cervical sympathetic paralysis were still present. 3. Contraction of the nictitating membrane could be induced by electrical stimulation of both the vagus preanastomotic and the sympathetic postanastomotic—preganglionic trunks. Ganglionic blocking agents induced the blockade of the `new' ganglionic synaptic function, while nicotine and pilocarpine provoked a marked contraction of the nictitating membrane. 4. Electron microscopy showed that the preganglionic regeneration of vagus fibers resulted in the formation of new synapses, mainly of axodendritic type, identical to normal ganglionic synapses. Moreover, after cutting the preanastomotic trunk of the vagus, these new ganglionic presynaptic profiles degenerated, thus proving their vagal origin. 5. During restoration of the synaptic contacts readjustment of dendritic tips occurred. ImagesText-fig. 2Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 7Fig. 8 PMID:4326851

Dietary induction of renal mineralization in dogs.

PubMed Central

Schmidt, R E; Hubbard, G B; Booker, J L; Gleiser, C A

1980-01-01

Ten dogs were fed diets high in phosphorus and low in calcium to induce secondary hyperparathyroidism, with ten dogs fed a standard diet as controls. At the end of the feeding period, all dogs were necropsied. Because of an apparent increase in mineral deposits in the kidneys of hyperparathyroid dogs, the amount and characteristics of these mineral deposits were compared. The dogs in the test groups had larger and more widely disseminated deposits. Five additional dogs were nephrectomized unilaterally, fed the test diet and euthanized at three-month intervals. In these dogs, the amount of renal mineral increased until six months after the start of the test diet, but dit not appreciably change between six and 15 months postdiet. When compared to controls, the test dog kidneys in this second experiment had a greater amount and wider distribution of renal mineralization and tubular dilatation. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. PMID:7448631

Human babesiosis in ireland: Further observations and the medical significance of this infection

PubMed Central

Garnham, P. C. C.; Donnelly, Joseph; Hoogstraal, Harry; Kennedy, C. Cotton; Walton, Gerald A.

1969-01-01

Three splenectomized persons in Yugoslavia, California, and Ireland have been reported to be infected by three different Babesia species; two cases were fatal. In a study of the site where the fatal infection was contracted in Ireland, blood samples from 36 persons who had recently been bitten by ticks were inoculated into two splenectomized calves; no response to Babesia divergens was detected. Field-collected Ixodes ricinus ticks inoculated into another splenectomized calf resulted in fever and recovery of the agent of tick-borne fever (Cytoecetes phagocytophilia). This attempt to determine the presence of latent infection in human beings with intact spleens should be repeated on a larger scale in areas with a demonstrably high incidence of Babesia in ticks and animals. Few places in the world are free of piroplasms; their presence may present a hazard to splenectomized persons or to those whose splenic function is deficient. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3 PMID:4902496

The Sex Chromosomes in Evolution and in Medicine

PubMed Central

Barr, Murray L.

1966-01-01

The recent emergence of human cytogenetics has a firm foundation in studies on other forms of life. Historical highlights are Mendel's studies on the garden pea (published in 1865 but lost in an obscure journal until 1900); formulation of cytogenic postulates by Sutton and Boveri (1902-1903); Bridges' discovery of chromosome abnormalities in Drosophila (1916), followed by numerous similar studies in plants; and demonstration of the chromosomal basis of the syndromes of Down, Klinefelter and Turner in man (1959). The sex chromosomes (XX and XY) evolved from a pair of undifferentiated autosomes of a premammalian ancestor, the X chromosome changing less than the Y as they evolved. Eleven numerical abnormalities of the sex chromosomes are known in man, and knowledge of their effects on development is accumulating. The abnormal complexes range in size from the XO error of Turner's syndrome to the XXXXY error of a variant of Klinefelter's syndrome. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8 PMID:4224254

Cloverleaf skull and thanatophoric dwarfism

PubMed Central

Partington, M. W.; Gonzales-Crussi, F.; Khakee, S. G.; Wollin, D. G.

1971-01-01

Four cases of the cloverleaf skull syndrome are reported, 3 from Britain and 1 from Canada in a family of German/Irish descent. All cases had generalized chondrodysplastic changes and died at or just after birth. It is suggested that a cloverleaf skull is a previously unrecognized feature of thanatophoric dwarfism. Two affected girls from the same sibship are reported for the first time, suggesting an autosomal recessive type of inheritance. A review of the published material indicates that there may be three distinct syndromes in patients with the cloverleaf skull deformity. (1) The cloverleaf skull is associated with thanatophoric dwarfism and death in the perinatal period. (2) There are localized bony lesions of the skeleton outside the skull. (3) The skeleton outside the skull is normal. In the last two syndromes death may occur at birth, but survival into later childhood is the rule. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8 PMID:5315768

Percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage.

PubMed Central

Mori, K; Misumi, A; Sugiyama, M; Okabe, M; Matsuoka, T

1977-01-01

Percutaneous transhepatic bile drainage was performed in 13 patients with obstructive jaundice, using a combination of the PTC technique and a Seldinger angiography catheter. In 11 cases, the outflow of bile through the catheter was satisfactory and complications were few. Since the risk of the procedure is low and it can be done without laparotomy, it is an ideal technic for biliary decompression before attempting to do a resection. Also, repeated cholangiography through a catheter which is left in place is helpful as a diagnostic aid before and after surgery. Images Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. PMID:831630

Serum Immunoglobulins in Newborn Calves Before and After Colostrum Feeding

PubMed Central

Merriman, Mohendra J. G. S.

1971-01-01

Pre-colostral and post-colostral sera of seven Holstein calves and colostral whey were analyzed immunoelectrophoretically. IgM, IgG1 (fast), and IgG2 (slow) were demonstrated while IgA was not detected in serum of new-born calves before colostrum feeding. In post-colostral serum IgG, IgM, in relatively higher levels, and IgA were present which corresponded with the classes of immunoglobulins found in whey. These observations suggest that the developing bovine fetus may be capable of independent immune response. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2.Fig. 3.Fig. 4. PMID:4260939

Investigation of the Acoustics of Marine Sediments Using an Impedance Tube and Continued Investigation of the Acoustics of Marine Sediments Using Impedance Tube and Acoustic Resonator Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-02

properties of three gulf-coast species, Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass), Syringodium filiforme (manatee grass), and Halodule wrightii (shoal... Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) is shown in Fig. 12. The two curves show plant volume fraction Vleaves/Vlot (measured by acoustic and image-based...cross-section image analysis (Fig. 13), was found to be X\\<*t = 0.23. Similar results were found the Thalassia testudinum (turtle grass) rhizomes

PubMed Central

Montplaisir, S.; Côté, P. P.; Martineau, B.; Roche, A. J.; Mongeau, J. G.; Robitaille, P.

1976-01-01

The demonstration by immuno-fluorescence of antibodies on the surface of urinary bacteria, a new method of determining the site of a urinary tract infection, was found to be as valuable in children as it is in adults. A clear correlation exists between a positive test result and renal parenchymal infection on one hand, and a negative result and lower urinary tract infection on the other. Moreover, immunoglobulins were still detectable in original positive urine samples that had been standing at 4degrees C for 7 weeks. The constant finding of IgA on bacteria suggests a particular synthesis for this class of immunoglobulin. A pathophysiologic role for complement would appear to be excluded by the facts that the serum concentrations of C3 were normal and that C3 was invariably absent from the bacterial surface. Images FIG. 1 PMID:793701

Hetero-metal cation control of CuO nanostructures and their high catalytic performance for CO oxidation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Hongwen; Zhang, Liqiang; Wu, Kewei; Yu, Qing; Chen, Ru; Yang, Hangsheng; Peng, Xinsheng; Ye, Zhizhen

2012-11-01

A controllable synthesis of various morphologies of CuO nanostructures with tuning by hetero-metal cations has been developed in aqueous solution at room temperature. The morphologies of CuO can be engineered from nanosheets to nanoparticles with different length ratios of the long axis to the short axis. The formation of many metal-ion complexes plays an important role in slowing the release rate of OH- and affects the reaction kinetics further. We found that the effect of hetero-metal cations on the final morphology of the CuO nanostructures was the same as that of the cooling temperature. A series of temperature-controlled experiments demonstrated this. Furthermore, among all the synthesized CuO nanostructures, the fascinating colloidal mesoporous CuO quasi-monocrystalline nanosheets prepared at 25 °C with a thickness of ca. 10 nm and large specific surface area of 80.32 m2 g-1 is investigated intensively. These CuO nanosheets demonstrate a superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation, with features of high CO conversion efficiency (47.77 mmolCO g-1CuO h-1 at 200 °C), which is close to that reported for previously investigated supported-CuO catalysts, and a low apparent activation energy Ea (53.3 kJ mol-1).A controllable synthesis of various morphologies of CuO nanostructures with tuning by hetero-metal cations has been developed in aqueous solution at room temperature. The morphologies of CuO can be engineered from nanosheets to nanoparticles with different length ratios of the long axis to the short axis. The formation of many metal-ion complexes plays an important role in slowing the release rate of OH- and affects the reaction kinetics further. We found that the effect of hetero-metal cations on the final morphology of the CuO nanostructures was the same as that of the cooling temperature. A series of temperature-controlled experiments demonstrated this. Furthermore, among all the synthesized CuO nanostructures, the fascinating colloidal mesoporous CuO quasi-monocrystalline nanosheets prepared at 25 °C with a thickness of ca. 10 nm and large specific surface area of 80.32 m2 g-1 is investigated intensively. These CuO nanosheets demonstrate a superior catalytic activity for CO oxidation, with features of high CO conversion efficiency (47.77 mmolCO g-1CuO h-1 at 200 °C), which is close to that reported for previously investigated supported-CuO catalysts, and a low apparent activation energy Ea (53.3 kJ mol-1). Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Raman spectrum of Zn2Cu2 prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S1); content ratios of Zn/Cu for Zn2Cu2, Zn4Cu2 and Zn6Cu2 samples prepared at 25 °C measured by ICP-MS (Table S1); representative TEM images of Cu2, Zn2Cu2, Zn4Cu2 and Zn6Cu2 samples prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S2); size distributions along two perpendicular directions for Cu2, Zn2Cu2, Zn4Cu2 and Zn6Cu2 samples prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S3); the characteristic parameters of Cu2, Zn2Cu2, Zn4Cu2 and Zn6Cu2 samples prepared at 25 °C (Table S2); the characteristic parameters of Cu2, Zn2Cu2, Zn4Cu2 and Zn6Cu2 samples prepared at 35 °C (Table S3); SEM images of Zn2Cu2 products prepared at 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C and 50 °C (Fig. S4); the characteristic parameters of Zn2Cu2 prepared at 20 °C, 25 °C, 30 °C and 50 °C (Table S4); pH values of Cu2, Zn2Cu2, Zn4Cu2 and Zn6Cu2 solution without adding 1.6 mmol AE aqueous solution at 25 °C (Table S5); SEM images of Ag2Cu2, Mg2Cu2, Al2Cu2 prepared at 25 °C and EDS spectrum of Al2Cu2 (Fig. S5); the characteristic parameters of Cu2, Zn2Cu2, Ag2Cu2, Mg2Cu2 and Al2Cu2 samples prepared at 25 °C (Table S6); UV-Vis spectrum of Cu2 nanosheets prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S6); photograph of the Tyndall effect for the Cu2 solution prepared at 25 °C and UV-Vis absorption changes of Evans blue solutions after filtering the 80 ml Cu2 solution products (Fig. S7); FTIR spectrum of Cu2 nanosheets prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S8); Cu2p XPS spectrum of Cu2 nanosheets prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S9); detailed reaction rates of catalytic CO oxidation at different temperatures (Table S7); XRD pattern and SEM image of Cu2 sample after 6 hours of catalytic reaction (Fig. S10); nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms at 77 K of Zn4Cu2 prepared at 25 °C (Fig. S11). See DOI: 10.1039/c2nr32729e

Distribution of cholinesterases in insects*

PubMed Central

Booth, G. M.; Lee, An-Horng

1971-01-01

The study of toxicology and other related fields has been largely based on in vitro techniques. These methods have provided quantitative information on the effects of inhibitors on enzymes, but none on the localized effects of inhibitors on selected sites of action within the animal. Histochemical study of frozen sections does provide data on the site of action of toxicants. The utility of histochemistry in conjunction with in vitro methods is discussed. The substrates acetylthiocholine and phenyl thioacetate were utilized in demonstrating cholinesterase. Neither substrate penetrated well into freshly dissected nerve cord preparations, but both compounds were hydrolysed by sectioned tissue. The leaving group of phenyl thioacetate was demonstrated to be benzenethiol. In general, acetylthiocholine was hydrolysed slightly more rapidly by insect cholinesterases. A unique cholinesterase was found in motor end-plates of cricket muscle, which hydrolyses acetylthiocholine and which was inhibited by physostigmine. No other insect muscle preparation showed this activity. Topical application of insecticides showed that a vital site of action in flies is the peripheral area of the thoracic ganglia and that in crickets the brain and nerve cord are involved at knock-down. Kinetic data indicate that acetylthiocholine has a greater affinity than does phenyl thioacetate for a variety of enzyme sources. Ultrastructural evidence shows that cholinesterases that hydrolyse acetylthiocholine are membrane-bound. Phenyl thioacetate was found to be useful as a model in designing new insecticides. ImagesFig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19 PMID:5315359

Minimally invasive surgery. Future developments.

PubMed Central

Wickham, J. E.

1994-01-01

The rapid development of minimally invasive surgery means that there will be fundamental changes in interventional treatment. Technological advances will allow new minimally invasive procedures to be developed. Application of robotics will allow some procedures to be done automatically, and coupling of slave robotic instruments with virtual reality images will allow surgeons to perform operations by remote control. Miniature motors and instruments designed by microengineering could be introduced into body cavities to perform operations that are currently impossible. New materials will allow changes in instrument construction, such as use of memory metals to make heat activated scissors or forceps. With the reduced trauma associated with minimally invasive surgery, fewer operations will require long hospital stays. Traditional surgical wards will become largely redundant, and hospitals will need to cope with increased through-put of patients. Operating theatres will have to be equipped with complex high technology equipment, and hospital staff will need to be trained to manage it. Conventional nursing care will be carried out more in the community. Many traditional specialties will be merged, and surgical training will need fundamental revision to ensure that surgeons are competent to carry out the new procedures. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 Fig 5 PMID:8312776

A Morphologic and Biochemical Study of Nutritional Nephrocalcinosis in Female Rats Fed Semipurified Diets

PubMed Central

Woodard, James C.

1971-01-01

Nephrocalcinosis occurred in weanling female rats fed a semipurified diet for 8 weeks. Mineralization of the inner cortex began after 3 weeks on the semipurified diet, and was most severe after 8 weeks. Intraluminal calcification was observed first in the pars recta of the proximal convoluted tubule; calcification of cytoplasmic organelles or basement membranes of the tubular epithelium was not observed. At the end of 8 weeks, some mineral deposits were seen within Henle's loops of the outer medulla. Histochemical studies demonstrated that the deposits contained calcium and phosphorus and had a glycoprotein matrix; electron diffraction studies indicated that the main mineral phase was hydroxyapatite. No differences in serum calcium or phosphorus or in the ultrastructural characteristics of the thyroid parafollicular cells and the parathyroid parenchymal cells were observed between animals fed the semipurified diet and those fed a commercial chow. The urinary excretion of calcium and magnesium was less and urinary citrate excretion was greater in animals fed the semipurified diet. ImagesFig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 5Fig 8Fig 9Fig 6Fig 7 PMID:5096368

A new mechanical device for circular compression anastomosis. Preliminary results of animal and clinical experimentation.

PubMed Central

Rosati, R; Rebuffat, C; Pezzuoli, G

1988-01-01

The authors report the preliminary results obtained in animal and clinical experimentation of a new mechanical device for circular anastomosis which they have developed. It is a gun that places an apparatus consisting of three polypropylene rings that, through the compression among them of the severed edges of the bowel, realize a sutureless anastomosis and are spontaneously evacuated. Fifty-eight colonic anastomoses were performed in dogs with this device; 23 stapled colonic anastomoses were also executed concurrently. Forty-four animals underwent a relaparotomy to remove the colonic specimen containing the anastomoses. Bursting pressure and the histologic features of the anastomoses were evaluated at different time intervals after operation. A good healing of all compression anastomoses was observed, thereby allowing them to initiate the experience in humans. Thirteen anastomoses (6 colorectal extraperitoneal, 1 colorectal intraperitoneal, 5 colocolonic, 1 ileorectal) were performed at the 1st Surgical Department, Milan University. One subclinical leakage (7.7%) spontaneously healed in a few days. No stenoses were observed. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2., Fig. 4., Fig. 6. Fig. 3., Fig. 5., Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. PMID:3345111

Morphology of presumptive rapidly adapting receptors in the rat bronchus.

PubMed Central

Kappagoda, C T; Skepper, J N; McNaughton, L; Siew, E E; Navaratnam, V

1990-01-01

The present investigation was undertaken in rats to determine whether sensory nerves exist in apposition to the bronchial microvessels which may function as rapidly adapting receptors (RAR). The primary and secondary bronchi on both sides were removed and processed for light and electron microscopy. Nerves were frequently found in relation to venules external to the muscle coat of bronchi. They comprised myelinated axons which ended individually as non-myelinated convoluted terminals enclosed within a loose capsule of attenuated cells. Serial sections showed that these terminals were not related to ganglion cells. Cervical vagal section and injection of HRP-WGA into the nodose ganglion provided corroborative evidence of the sensory nature of these terminals. Vagal section caused degenerative changes in the encapsulated nerve terminals in the bronchial walls and horseradish peroxidase labelling was demonstrable in such terminals. Moreover, immunocytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of calcitonin gene regulated peptide and substance P in these structures. It is suggested that they comprise the RAR. Encapsulated nerve terminals were not found in the epithelial layer, in the submucous coat or in the muscularis of bronchi. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 PMID:1691164

Compound image segmentation of published biomedical figures.

PubMed

Li, Pengyuan; Jiang, Xiangying; Kambhamettu, Chandra; Shatkay, Hagit

2018-04-01

Images convey essential information in biomedical publications. As such, there is a growing interest within the bio-curation and the bio-databases communities, to store images within publications as evidence for biomedical processes and for experimental results. However, many of the images in biomedical publications are compound images consisting of multiple panels, where each individual panel potentially conveys a different type of information. Segmenting such images into constituent panels is an essential first step toward utilizing images. In this article, we develop a new compound image segmentation system, FigSplit, which is based on Connected Component Analysis. To overcome shortcomings typically manifested by existing methods, we develop a quality assessment step for evaluating and modifying segmentations. Two methods are proposed to re-segment the images if the initial segmentation is inaccurate. Experimental results show the effectiveness of our method compared with other methods. The system is publicly available for use at: https://www.eecis.udel.edu/~compbio/FigSplit. The code is available upon request. shatkay@udel.edu. Supplementary data are available online at Bioinformatics.

Blood sinuses in the submucosa of the large airways of the sheep.

PubMed Central

Hill, P; Goulding, D; Webber, S E; Widdicombe, J G

1989-01-01

We have studied the airway vasculature in sheep using light and transmission electron microscopy, as well as arterial and venous (retrograde) injections of anatomical corrosion compound and latex. Vascular casts were viewed by scanning electron microscopy. There is a complex network of blood sinuses of large diameter (up to 500 microns) in the submucosa of the large airways. The vessels have thin walls formed by a single layer of flattened endothelium with tight junctions and without pericytes or smooth muscle cells. Characteristically the sinuses lie between the cartilage and lamina propria of the trachea or between cartilage and smooth muscle in the bronchi. Sinuses of greater than 50 microns transverse diameter are not found in airways less than 1.0 mm across. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 7 PMID:2808119

Multimedia instruction of cardiac auscultation.

PubMed Central

Criley, J. M.; Criley, D.; Zalace, C.

1997-01-01

The cardiac physical examination is in itself a multimedia experience. It is an amalgamation of visible, palpable, and audible sensations, preceded by the collection of an appropriate historical context in which to place these multiple sensations. It is unlikely that any electronic media could ever replace the real life experience of admitting, examining, diagnosing, and effectively treating a patient with mitral stenosis who has decompensated because of the onset of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, or a patient with sudden, severe aortic regurgitation due to endocarditis. These potentially fatal conditions can be effectively treated only if the suspicion of their presence is seriously raised. Although there is no substitute for first-hand experience, attempts to provide an effective surrogate experience are worth pursuing. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:9108683

The Search for Truth, with Special Reference to the Frequency of Gastric Ulcer-Cancer and the Origin of Grawitz Tumours of the Kidney

PubMed Central

Newcomb, W. D.

1936-01-01

The importance of the truth in science is emphasized and the difficulty of finding the truth by searching medical literature is pointed out. Two pathological problems are considered as illustrations. The great variation of opinion as to the frequency of ulcer-cancer of the stomach is noted and the lack of definite histological criteria for its diagnosis is suggested as the cause of this variation. Four points in the diagnosis of pre-existing peptic ulcer are mentioned and the importance of fusion between the muscularis mucosæ and muscularis at the edge of the ulcer is insisted upon. The risk of mistaking deep epithelial heterotopia for carcinoma is illustrated. The problem of the origin of Grawitz tumours of the kidney is next considered and the literature briefly reviewed. The rarity of carcinoma of the suprarenal compared with Grawitz tumours is indicated by an examination of 5,201 autopsies at St. Mary's Hospital. The variation in sex incidence of the two tumours is also commented upon. The results of an analysis of 387 small nodules found in the kidneys in 1,172 necropsies are given. Adenomata were found in 7.2% and accessory suprarenals in 2.6%. An example of a transition between an adenoma and a Grawitz tumour is illustrated. Stress is laid on the essential papillary structure of the Grawitz tumour and it is suggested that the renal theory of its origin is more likely to be true. ImagesFig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 29Fig. 30 PMID:19990931

Hospital-acquired gangrenous mucormycosis.

PubMed Central

Patterson, J. E.; Barden, G. E.; Bia, F. J.

1986-01-01

A post-operative diabetic patient who had been treated for Serratia marcescens bacterial sepsis developed recurrent thrombosis of the left femoral artery following intra-arterial instrumentation. Pathological examination of arterial thrombus ultimately demonstrated invasive mucormycosis of the femoral artery and cultures of this material grew Rhizopus oryzae. The occurrence of cutaneous and subcutaneous mucormycosis is reviewed, as well as recently recognized nosocomial risk factors for mucormycosis, such as elasticized bandages and wound dressings. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 PMID:3765666

Enhancement of Near-Real-Time Cloud Analysis and Related Analytic Support for Whole Sky Imagers

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-01

Red/ Blue Ratio Through the Sun on 3 Typical Days ................14 Fig. 11 Red/ Blue Ratio Through the Sun on Forward Bias Days ..........15 Fig...12 Red/ Blue Ratio Through the Sun on Reverse Bias Days ...........15 Fig. 13 No Moon Case in Oklahoma...the clear sky red/ blue ratios. Up until this time, we had been using the background from another site and instrument. As part of this contract, we

Morphological effects of chronic bilateral phrenectomy or vagotomy in the fetal lamb lung.

PubMed Central

Alcorn, D; Adamson, T M; Maloney, J E; Robinson, P M

1980-01-01

The relationship between fetal espiratory activity and fetal lung development has been studied at the cellular level using two experimental models. Chronic bilateral phrenectomy over a period of 20-28 days during the last trimester of the fetal lamb resulted in hypoplastic lungs, although cellular maturity, as indicated by the presence of alveolar epithelial Type II cells, was present. In the lungs from fetal lambs undergoing sham operations for a similar time course there was evidence of enhanced alveolar proliferation when compared with lungs from normal fetal sheep of a similar gastational age, most probably as a result of operative stress. Following chronic bilateral vagotomy no changes in size or histology of the fetal lamb lungs were detected. At an ultrastructural level, however, inclusions of Type II cells consistently showed the loss of the typical osmiophilic lamellated appearance. These results indicate the importance of the fetal breathing apparatus in maintaining a volume of lung liquid which is adequate for normal pulmonary development, particularly during the phase in which alveoli are formed. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 PMID:7429961

The development of hyaline-cell cartilage in the head of the black molly, Poecilia sphenops. Evidence for secondary cartilage in a teleost.

PubMed Central

Benjamin, M

1989-01-01

The development of hyaline-cell cartilage attached to membrane (dentary, maxilla, nasal, lacrimal and cleithrum) and cartilage (basioccipital) bones has been studied in the viviparous black molly, Poecilia sphenops. Intramembranous ossification commences before the first appearance of hyaline cells. As hyaline-cell cartilage is densely cellular and as that attached to the dentary, maxilla and cleithrum develops from the periosteum of these membrane bones, it must be regarded as secondary cartilage according to current concepts. It is also argued that the hyaline-cell cartilage attached to the perichondral bone of the basioccipital (a cartilage bone), could also be viewed as secondary. The status of the cartilage on the nasal and lacrimal bones is less clear, for it develops, at least in part, from mucochondroid (mucous connective) tissue. This is the first definitive report of secondary cartilage in any lower vertebrate. The tissue is therefore not restricted to birds and mammals as hitherto believed, and a multipotential periosteum must have arisen early in vertebrate evolution. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 PMID:2481666

Association of eosinophilic myositis with an unusual species of Sarcocystis in a beef cow.

PubMed Central

Gajadhar, A A; Yates, W D; Allen, J R

1987-01-01

The carcass of a mature cow had numerous, disseminated lesions typical of eosinophilic myositis. To elucidate the nature and possible cause of the lesions, histological sections were examined by light microscopy and selected areas were removed and processed for electron microscopy. The lesions were granulomatous in nature. Each granuloma contained at its centre an intact or ruptured sarcocyst associated with degenerate muscle fibers. Surrounding this was a layer of epithelioid cells and an intense accumulation of inflammatory cells, most of which were eosinophils. The primary cyst wall of the sarcocysts in these granulomas consisted of hair-like protrusions that featured many unusual electron-dense bodies. Sarcocysts with ultrastructures characteristic of Sarcocystis cruzi and Sarcocystis hirsuta were also present in muscle from the same animal, but these sarcocysts lacked any associated cellular responses. The eosinophilic myositis in this case appeared to be associated with sarcocystosis of an unknown species. Possibly, the inflammatory reaction was due to the host-parasite interaction in an unusual host. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. PMID:3115553

Preparation of adult Drosophila eyes for thin sectioning and microscopic analysis.

PubMed

Jenny, Andreas

2011-08-27

Drosophila has long been used as model system to study development, mainly due to the ease with which it is genetically tractable. Over the years, a plethora of mutant strains and technical tricks have been developed to allow sophisticated questions to be asked and answered in a reasonable amount of time. Fundamental insight into the interplay of components of all known major signaling pathways has been obtained in forward and reverse genetic Drosophila studies. The fly eye has proven to be exceptionally well suited for mutational analysis, since, under laboratory conditions, flies can survive without functional eyes. Furthermore, the surface of the insect eye is composed of some 800 individual unit eyes (facets or ommatidia) that form a regular, smooth surface when looked at under a dissecting microscope. Thus, it is easy to see whether a mutation might affect eye development or growth by externally looking for the loss of the smooth surface ('rough eye' phenotype; Fig. 1) or overall eye size, respectively (for examples of screens based on external eye morphology see e.g.). Subsequent detailed analyses of eye phenotypes require fixation, plastic embedding and thin-sectioning of adult eyes. The Drosophila eye develops from the so-called eye imaginal disc, a bag of epithelial cells that proliferate and differentiate during larval and pupal stages (for review see e.g.). Each ommatidium consists of 20 cells, including eight photoreceptors (PR or R-cells; Fig. 2), four lens-secreting cone cells, pigment cells ('hexagon' around R-cell cluster) and a bristle. The photoreceptors of each ommatidium, most easily identified by their light sensitive organelles, the rhabdomeres, are organized in a trapezoid made up of the six "outer" (R1-6) and two "inner" photoreceptors (R7/8; R8 [Fig. 2] is underneath R7 and thus only seen in sections from deeper areas of the eye). The trapezoid of each facet is precisely aligned with those of its neighbors and the overall anteroposterior and dorsoventral axes of the eye (Fig. 3A). In particular, the ommatidia of the dorsal and ventral (black and red arrows, respectively) halves of the eye are mirror images of each other and correspond to two chiral forms established during planar cell polarity signaling (for review see e.g.). The method to generate semi-thin eye sections (such as those presented in Fig. 3) described here is slightly modified from the one originally described by Tomlinson and Ready. It allows the morphological analysis of all cells except for the transparent cone cells. In addition, the pigment of R-cells (blue arrowheads in Fig. 2 and 3) can be used as a cell-autonomous marker for the genotype of a R-cell, thus genetic requirements of genes in a subset of R-cells can readily be determined.

An Equine Intersex with Unilateral Gonadal Agenesis

PubMed Central

Basrur, P. K.; Kanagawa, H.; Gilman, J. P. W.

1969-01-01

Cytogenetic and histological studies have been carried out on an intersex horse which was clinically diagnosed as a cryptorchid. The horse had the general conformation of a stallion but the external genitalia included a well developed vulva and a penis. The right testis which was descended was devoid of germ cells and the left “gonad” located in the cavum vaginale contained neither testicular nor ovarian tissue. The male duct system on both sides were relatively well developed despite the absence of a testis on the left side. Chromosome analysis on cultured cells from the descended testis revealed the presence of four chromosomally-distinct cell types with XX, XY, XXY and XO sex complements indicating a quadruple mosaicism. The presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils exhibiting a drumstick, in the hemopoietic tissues and a sex chromatin body in the nucleated cells of buccal mucosa suggest that mosaicism prevails in other somatic tissues of the horse. On the basis of information derived from similar conditions in humans and some domestic animals it would appear that this horse resulted from an XXY zygote. The four cell types noted in the horse probably resulted through mitotic mechanisms favouring the loss of an X and a Y at different stages during embryonic development. The absence of gonad on the left side of this horse might be causally related to the preponderance of XO cell types in the somatic blastema during early gonadal differentiation. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 2.Fig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 6.Fig. 7.Fig. 8.Fig. 9.Fig. 10.Fig. 11.Fig. 12.Fig. 13.Fig. 14.Fig. 15.Fig. 16.Fig. 17.Fig. 18.Fig. 19. PMID:4391028

Cell death during the postnatal morphogenesis of the normal rabbit kidney and in experimental renal polycystosis.

PubMed Central

García-Porrero, J A; Ojeda, J L; Hurlé, J M

1978-01-01

We have studied, by means of optic and electron microscopy, the normal and abnormal cell death that takes place during the postnatal morphogenesis of rabbit kidney, and in the experimental renal polycystosis produced by methylprednisolone acetate. In the normal kidney intertubular cell death can be observed during the first 20 days of the postnatal development. However, cell death in the normal metanephric blastema is a very rare event. In the polycystic kidney numerous dead cells can be seen between the third and forty eighth days after injection. The topography and morphology of the dead cells depend on the stage in the evolution of the disease. In the 'stage of renal immaturity', dying and dead cells are present in the nephrogenic tissue, in the dilating collecting tubules and in the intertubular spaces. In this stage the cellular pathology is essentially nuclear. In the stage of tubular cysts, the dead cells are mostly located in the walls of cysts, with some dead cells, but mostly cellular debris in their lumina. At this stage the cellular pathology is basically cytoplasmic. The dead cells are eventually digested by what appear to be phagocytes of tubular epithelial origin. It is suggested that cell death is an important factor in the evolution of the lesions of renal polycystosis induced by corticosteroids, and probably in the initiation of the pathological process as well. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 PMID:670065

The Endocrinology of Tuberculosis

PubMed Central

Obermer, Edgar

1928-01-01

It is suggested that the endocrines hold the key position in the mechanism of resistance to all infection. In man the glands of internal secretion are divided into two counterbalancing groups. It is the function of the “katabolic” group—or glands of emergency—to react to acute infections. It is the function of the “anabolic” group—or glands of conservation of energy—to counterbalance the prolonged over-action of the katabolic group in chronic infections. In chronic pulmonary tuberculosis improvement is dependent on the predominance of the anabolic group. Clinical and biochemical evidence to this effect is brought forward. The individual ductless glands are discussed with a view to summarizing the known tests for detecting their functional variations during life. It is suggested that present methods for the determination of basal metabolic rate are inaccurate and cumbersome. An alternative biochemical method is described and illustrated, which, it is claimed, is both more simple and more accurate. Slides of the thyroid and parathyroid are shown indicating that the histological criteria of function correlate with these biochemical findings during life. The classification of cases of pulmonary tuberculosis according to the mode of reaction rather than to the extent of lung invasion, is advocated. A terminology and the clinical, endocrine, and applied biochemical tests by which the groups can be recognized are described. Emphasis is laid on the necessity for research into the hereditary and environmental factors which lead to injury of the ductless glands, and hence lowered resistance to disease. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19 PMID:19986232

Experimental Investigations on Beamed Energy Aerospace Propulsion

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

the aluminum ―igniter‖ material greatly lowers the incident laser intensity and fluence required to trigger the optical air breakdown 7 . The geometry...sequence following laser-induced air -breakdown was lost. The pressure distribution across the under-surface of the shroud is displayed in Fig. 24, along...photograph of bifurcated air -breakdown geometry across inlet gap, and secondary breakdown on shroud under-surface. 37 Fig. 29 Run#21 – Measured

Mycotoxic nephropathy in pigs*

PubMed Central

Elling, F.; Møller, T.

1973-01-01

In Denmark a nephropathy in pigs characterized by tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis has been identified frequently during the last 5 decades in the course of meat inspection in slaughterhouses. The disease was first described by Larsen, who recognized the connexion between feeding mouldy rye to pigs and the development of the nephropathy. In this study kidneys were examined from 19 pigs coming from a farm with an outbreak of nephropathy. The barley fed to the pigs was contaminated with the mycotoxin ochratoxin A. Histological examination revealed different degrees of change ranging from slight regressive changes in the tubular epithelium and periglomerular and interstitial fibrosis to tubular atrophy, thickened basement membranes, glomerular sclerosis, and marked fibrosis. These differences were considered to be due to differences in the length of time of exposure to the mouldy barley and differences in the amount of mycotoxin consumed by the individual pig. However, it will be necessary to carry out experiments using crystalline ochratoxin A in order to prove such a relationship. Mycotoxins have also been suggested as etiological factors in Balkan nephropathy in man, which in the initial stages is characterized by tubular lesions similar to those seen in mycotoxic nephropathy in pigs. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 10Fig. 11 PMID:4546872

Immune response following vasectomy in the rat: a study of the stimulation of the regional lymph node.

PubMed Central

Lewis, J; McDonald, S W

1992-01-01

Following vasectomy, sperm granulomas are generally believed to be important sites of access of spermatozoal antigens to the immune system. This study tests the validity of that assumption by grafting tissues from a sperm granuloma to an ectopic site (the scrotal skin) and studying the effect on the regional (inguinal) lymph node. Xiphoid cartilage provided the graft material in control animals. The experimental lymph nodes showed significant increases in weight and in the number of sectional profiles of cortical nodules indicating that they were stimulated by the presence of the granuloma tissue. To investigate the mechanism of lymph node stimulation further, a group of rats underwent unilateral vasectomy followed after 7 wk by ipsilateral orchidectomy. Three months after the initial operation the histological features of the regional (left renal) lymph node of the epididymis and granuloma were compared with corresponding nodes from rats 3 months following unilateral vasectomy only and following sham operation. The results indicate that continuous sperm production is required to sustain activity of the regional lymph nodes despite the continued presence of spermatozoa in the sperm granuloma. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:1304585

Differential Patterns of Vasculature to Liver Tumours

PubMed Central

Assa, J.

1970-01-01

An angiographic study of the vasculature of Vx2 tumour deposits in the rabbit's liver is described. Tumours transplanted from donor rabbits within less than 2 weeks incubation, developed into an amorphic infiltrating tumour, characterized by a rich arterial network. Tumours harvested after 3 weeks growth in donors, became cystic and had a scanty arterial supply. In both groups there was no portal circulation to the tumours' deposits. It is suggested that prior to intra-arterial treatment of cancer in the liver, the morphology of the tumour should be assessed. ImagesFigs. 3-4Figs. 5-6Figs. 7-8Figs. 1-2 PMID:5451574

GaAs Surface Passivation for Device Applications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

Ga203.’" . QI. a) / b) x 2.5 •• 24 21 18 As3d a) b) x 2. / 0 II 2 46 43 40 BINDING ENERGY (eV) Fig. 3 XPS spectra from a Ga2O3 covered GaAs surface of Ga...wU 24 21 Gas 18 SAs3d As2O3 ) .. 46 43 40 BINDING ENERGY (e) Fig. 4 XPS spectra from a AsJ03- Ga2O3 covered GaAs surface of Ga 3d (upper panel) and As

Herbal medicines and veno-occlusive disease in India.

PubMed Central

Datta, D. V.; Khuroo, M. S.; Mattocks, A. R.; Aikat, B. K.; Chhuttani, P. N.

1978-01-01

Six cases are described of veno-occlusive disease (VOD) after medicinal herb ingestion. The herb Heliotropium eichwaldii, taken by three patients, was found to contain the toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloid, heliotrine. Two patients presented with fulminant hepatic failure while the other four patients had a clinical picture suggestive of decompensated cirrhosis. The medical use of this herb may possibly be responsible for a significant proportion of acute and chronic liver disease in India, making it of public health importance. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:733681

Growth of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus in Dispersed Tissue Cells

PubMed Central

Patty, R. E.; Tozzini, F.; Seibold, H. R.; Callis, J. J.

1962-01-01

Methods are described for rapid and economical production of large quantities of foot-and-mouth disease virus in stationary cultures of trypsin-dispersed bovine kidney cells in a simple medium. Yields of between 107 and 108 plaque-forming units per milliliter were obtained from serum-free cultures containing approximately a million and a half viable trypsin-dispersed cells per milliliter. Some of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods of virus production are discussed. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3 PMID:17649388

Calibration and Use of Clutter Data for Simulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-01-01

radiance surrounded by borders of un- known, nonuniform radiance (Fig. 11). Since the telescopes lie above and below the radiometer’s centerline, the...illuminated solely by the nonuniform borders of the images (Fig. 11). (In Fig. l Ithe detectors are num- bered as they have been since Montauk Point. Prior to...L C LiL F-) 0- W /4- F- 00. L- IL x / -- C:.) < > Ca- < Il / 00 LOi Cl) -00 -. Cl) 41 MONTAUK MIDWAVE DETECTOR-ARRAY NONUNIFORM BOTTOM BORDER 161

Social Darwinism Lives! (Should it?)

PubMed Central

Klopfer, Peter H.

1977-01-01

Sociobiology has made a resurgence in recent years, but has become enmeshed in political controversy. Indeed, much of the work in sociobiology has been used to justify repressive or racist measures. It is argued that the unfortunate alliance of some sociobiologists and politicians is a poor basis for discrediting the field itself; that a science of sociobiology is possible and, if we seek to know the nature of our social heritage (if any!), needs be vigorously pursued. ImagesFIGS. 1-2FIG. 3FIG. 4 PMID:848049

EEA stapler and omental graft in esophagogastrectomy: experience with 30 intrathoracic anastomoses for cancer.

PubMed Central

Fekete, F; Breil, P; Ronsse, H; Tossen, J C; Langonnet, F

1981-01-01

Experience with the EEA stapler device used in 30 esophagogastric resections for cancer with intrathoracic anastomosis, is reported. The mortality rate was 13.3%. The anastomotic failure rate was 3.3% (1/30) with only one death; three asymptomatic blind fistulas were found on a routine contrast examination of the anastomosis. It is felt that esophagogastric EEA stapled anastomosis associated with an omental graft is a very safe technique. Images Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. PMID:7247526

Delayed urinary fistula from high velocity missile injury to the ureter.

PubMed Central

Cetti, N. E.

1983-01-01

Reports from the Vietnam War and from Northern Ireland describe the problem of delayed urinary fistula from a ureter seen to be 'intact' at previous laparotomy for high velocity missile injury to the abdomen. This is due to remote damage to the ureteric blood supply which is difficult to recognise or predict. A recent example of the problem from the Falklands Campaign is described. Prophylactic splintage at the initial exploration is suggested. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:6614761

Endothelial cells in the oral mucosa of Bufo marinus.

PubMed Central

Loo, S K; Yeo, B C; Kovac, H

1980-01-01

The oral mucosa of the cane toad (Bufo marinus) is lined by a pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium containing an intraepithelial network of capillaries, which penetrates it to the bases of the distal layer of cells. The capillaries are lined by fenestrated endothelium lying on a complete basal lamina. A connective tissue sheath, approximately 1 micrometer thick, surrounds the capillaries and separates them from the surrounding epithelial cells. Endothelial cells resemble those in lymphatic capillaries in that they show microvillus-like processes or folds projecting into the lumen and also have extremely attenuated and fenestrated cytoplasm except in the nuclear region. Numerous pinocytotic vesicles, bundles of filaments and many electrondense granules occur in the cytoplasm. These granules are oval or round in shape and approximately 250-400 micrometer in diameter. Histochemical tests on the endothelial cells show that the granules do not contain pigment, as both the Schmorl and argentaffin reactions are negative. Both the Sudan black B and Luxol fast blue reactions are also negative showing the lack of stainable lipids. The formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, the argentaffin reactions and lead haematoxylin reactions are negative, indicating that they do not have the characteristics of endocrine cells. The acid phosphatase reaction gives a positive result, localized to the site of the granules by electron microscopy and suggesting that these granules in amphibian capillaries may have a lysosomal function. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 PMID:6773911

The Use of Hysterosalpingography in the Diagnosis of Infertility and Other Gynecological Conditions

PubMed Central

Dutton, W. A. W.; Stapleton, J. G.

1963-01-01

Hysterosalpingography was performed on 175 patients who had gynecological symptoms but negative pelvic findings, in order to test a new method of introducing the contrast medium into the uterus and tubes and to record the incidence of pathology revealed. In 132 patients, an attempt was made to secure a No. 14 Foley catheter in the uterus for introducing the contrast medium. This method was successful in 124 patients and can be recommended as being simple, less painful and more efficient than older methods. Of 156 patients with the complaints of infertility (68), dysmenorrhea (31), pelvic pain (29) or menstrual disorder (28), hysterosalpingography revealed significant abnormality in 58; most of these (47) had chronic salpingitis. One flare-up of pelvic inflammation occurred but no other complications were observed. It was concluded that hysterosalpingography is now sufficiently safe and reliable to merit wider utilization in gynecological diagnosis. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7 PMID:14088822

Medicine Among New Immigrants and Arab Minorities in Israel

PubMed Central

Mishkin, Seymour

1965-01-01

The reaction to modern medicine and the general health of the new immigrants and Arab populations of Israel are described. The material was gathered during a threemonth visit to Israel where the author participated in the medical care of these persons. While these peoples still share many of the traditional medical superstitions and practices, the new immigrants have progressed much more during the 16 years of Israel's existence. At present over 99% of Jewish women give birth in hospital, whereas only 65% of Israeli Arabs do. The infant mortality rate among the Jews in 1963 was about 21 deaths per 1000 live births, about one-half the rate for Arabs. The importance of understanding the cultural background and social conflicts of these people as a preliminary to the provision of proper medical care is stressed. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7 PMID:14285305

Xylem Development in Prunus Flower Buds and the Relationship to Deep Supercooling

PubMed Central

Ashworth, Edward N.

1984-01-01

Xylem development in eight Prunus species was examined and the relationship to deep supercooling assessed. Dormant buds of six species, P. armeniaca, P. avium, P. cerasus, P. persica, P. salicina, and P. sargentii deep supercooled. Xylem vessel elements were not observed within the dormant floral primordia of these species. Instead, discrete bundles containing procambial cells were observed. Vascular differentiation resumed and xylem continuity was established during the time that the capacity to deep supercool was lost. In P. serotina and P. virginiana, two species which do not supercool, xylem vessels ran the length of the inflorescence and presumably provided a conduit for the spread of ice into the bud. The results support the hypothesis that the lack of xylem continuity is an important feature of buds which deep supercool. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:16663523

Metaphyseal chondrodysplasia.

PubMed Central

Spranger, J. W.

1977-01-01

Any review of the metaphyseal chondrodysplasias is complicated by their variety and mainly unknown pathogenesis. The more familiar types display considerable clinical and radiological diversity: even more so the rarer disorders which still require complete definition, but differences in their mode of inheritance make diagnostic precision mandatory. These dysplasias present in infancy or in childhood, when the patient, usually dwarfed, may be proportionate, so that some forms may be confused with rickets or other lesions. Mental retardation is unusual, but the skin, hair, nails and facies provide valuable diagnostic features. Radiological abnormalities mainly affect the metaphyses of the shortened limb bones, less often the skull, vertebrae, pelvis, ribs and extremities, and sometimes their distribution may indicate the specific type of dysplasia. In a further complex group multiple systems are involved, notably the pancreas, intestine and lympho-reticular, causing malabsorption and haematological or immunological disorders. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:335375

Corticobulbar fibres in the North American opossum (Didelphis marsupialis virginiana) with notes on the Tasmanian brust-tailed possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) and other marsupials.

PubMed Central

Martin, G F; Bresnahan, J C; Henkel, C K; Megirian, D

1975-01-01

Corticobulbar projections have been studied in the American opossum by both degeneration and autoradiographic methods and, for the most part, the results confirm our earlier observations (Martin & West, 1967; Martin, 1968). However, we have obtained evidence for certain connexions not previously described and have delineated the origin(s) of several connexions more precisely by paying particular attention to the degeneration present at thalamic levels in all cases and by the use of autoradiography. When our results are collated and correlated with new somatosensory cortical maps arrived at by microelectrode techniques (Pubols et al. 1975), it is obvious that corticolbulbar connexions in the North American opossum are remarkably similar to those in the monkey and differ mainly in quantity, relative origins and distribution and in the fact that some of them arise from spatially co-extensive motor-sensory areas (Lende, 1963a, b). In the light of our findings on the American opossum we have examined a large collection of brush-tailed possum material (as well as some from the potoroo and Tasmanian native cat) and have been able to extend our previous findings (Martin et al. 1971; Martin & Megirian, 1972) to a more precise evaluation of the origin of projections from the limb, face motor-sensory cortex. Differences between these representatives of the marsupial radiation, as well as features which are common to all, are described. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32 Fig. 33 Fig. 34 Fig. 35 Fig. 36 Fig. 37 Fig. 38 PMID:1213949

Self Assembled Semiconductor Quantum Dots for Spin Based All Optical and Electronic Quantum Computing

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-17

resolution TEM images (see Fig. 10) also show that ZnO nanocrystals nucleate on Fig. 9 SEM images of ZnO nanorods grown on (a) Si(001) and b) GaN/Al2O3... electrodeposition in a non-aqueous solution. The solution consisted of ZnClO4 (10.5 gm), LiClO4 (2.5 gm) and dimethyl sulfoxide (250 ml). The porous...valent Zn atoms which were selectively electrodeposited within the pores since they offered the least impedance path for the ac current

Studies of scorpion antivenins*†

PubMed Central

Whittemore, F. W.; Keegan, H. L.; Fitzgerald, C. M.; Bryant, H. A.; Flanigan, J. F.

1963-01-01

This paper describes methods used successfully in a large-scale programme for the collection of scorpion venom. Effective methods were developed for the maintenance of a laboratory colony of over 5000 adult scorpions. Electrical stimulation of the scorpions to induce venom emission was greatly facilitated by tranquillizing them with CO2 and using a slightly modified, snap-type mousetrap as a scorpion-holding device. This technique made for rapid handling of specimens with little risk to the technicians and minimal trauma to the scorpions. Specimens held under proper conditions yielded venom from six to eight times at two-week intervals. As much as 66.4% of the venom content of the telson was emitted by an electrically stimulated scorpion. Venom collected in this manner was air-dried at room temperature, then placed in a calcium chloride desiccator and stored at 44° F (6.6° C). Venoms of medically important scorpions from Mexico, Brazil, Israel, India, Panama and the USA were collected during this programme. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7FIG. 8 PMID:14000422

The umbilical and paraumbilical veins of man.

PubMed Central

Martin, B F; Tudor, R G

1980-01-01

During its transit through the umbilicus structural changes occur in the thick wall of the extra-abdominal segment of the umbilical vein whereby the components of the intra-abdominal segment acquire an essentially longitudinal direction and become arranged in fibro-elastic and fibro-muscular zones. The vein lumen becomes largely obliterated by asymmetrical proliferation of loose subendothelial conective tissue. The latter forms a new inner zone within which a small segment of the lumen persists in an eccentric position. This residual lumen transmits blood to the portal system from paraumbilical and systemic sources, and is retained in the upper part of the vein, even in old age. A similar process of lumen closure is observed in the ductus venosus. In early childhood the lower third of the vein undergoes breakdown, with fatty infiltration, resulting in its complete division into vascular fibro-elastic strands, and in old age some breakdown occurs in the outermost part of the wall of the upper two thirds. The paraumbilical veins are thick-walled and of similar structure to the umbilical vein. Together they constitute an accessory portal system which is confined between the layers of the falciform ligament and is in communication with the veins of the ventral abdominal wall. The constituents form an ascending series, namely, Burow's veins, the umbilical vein, and Sappey's inferior and superior veins. The main channel of Sappey's inferior veins may be the remnant of the right umbilical vein since it communicates with the right rectus sheath and often communicates directly with the portal system within the right lobe of the liver. The results are of significance in relation to clinical usage of the umbilical vein. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Fig. 28 Fig. 29 PMID:7400038

Collagen fibre arrangement in the skin of the pig.

PubMed Central

Meyer, W; Neurand, K; Radke, B

1982-01-01

The arrangement and proportion of collagen fibres and fibre bundles in the dermis of the pig have been investigated with light microscopical (Nomarski's interference contrast, polarization optics) and scanning electron microscopical methods. Skin samples were obtained from different body regions of wild boars, domestic pigs and miniature pigs. All the methods used have demonstrated that the bulk of the dermis is dominated by a massive three dimensional network of collagen fibres and fibre bundles, which cross each other in two main directions. Several smaller fibre bundles pass through the network in various other directions, constructing a densely interwoven fibre pattern. Differences were obvious between the body regions and the animals investigated. Images Fig. 1 Figs. 2-5 Fig. 6 Figs. 7, 8 Figs. 9-11 PMID:7076540

Homogeneous immunoglobulins in the sera of lung carcinoma patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy--detection with the use of isoelectric focusing and immunoblotting.

PubMed Central

Haas, H; Lange, A; Schlaak, M

1987-01-01

Using isoelectric focusing (IEF) with immunoblotting, we have analysed serum immunoglobulins of 15 lung cancer patients on cytotoxic chemotherapy. In five of the patients homogeneous immunoglobulins were found which appeared between 9 and 18 months after beginning of treatment and were monoclonal in two and oligoclonal in three cases. These abnormalities were only partially shown by zonal electrophoresis with immunofixation and not detected by immune electrophoresis. Examination of 10 normal and 10 myeloma sera by the three techniques in parallel confirmed the competence and sensitivity of IEF with immunoblotting in detecting homogeneous immunoglobulins. Thus, this method provides a valuable tool for investigating an abnormal regulation of the immunoglobulin synthesis. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:3325203

A membrane-associated form of sucrose synthase and its potential role in synthesis of cellulose and callose in plants.

PubMed Central

Amor, Y; Haigler, C H; Johnson, S; Wainscott, M; Delmer, D P

1995-01-01

Sucrose synthase (SuSy; EC 2.4.1.13; sucrose + UDP reversible UDPglucose + fructose) has always been studied as a cytoplasmic enzyme in plant cells where it serves to degrade sucrose and provide carbon for respiration and synthesis of cell wall polysaccharides and starch. We report here that at least half of the total SuSy of developing cotton fibers (Gossypium hirsutum) is tightly associated with the plasma membrane. Therefore, this form of SuSy might serve to channel carbon directly from sucrose to cellulose and/or callose synthases in the plasma membrane. By using detached and permeabilized cotton fibers, we show that carbon from sucrose can be converted at high rates to both cellulose and callose. Synthesis of cellulose or callose is favored by addition of EGTA or calcium and cellobiose, respectively. These findings contrast with the traditional observation that when UDPglucose is used as substrate in vitro, callose is the major product synthesized. Immunolocalization studies show that SuSy can be localized at the fiber surface in patterns consistent with the deposition of cellulose or callose. Thus, these results support a model in which SuSy exists in a complex with the beta-glucan synthases and serves to channel carbon from sucrose to glucan. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:7568131

Genes necessary for expression of a virulence determinant and for transmission of Plasmodium falciparum are located on a 0.3-megabase region of chromosome 9.

PubMed Central

Day, K P; Karamalis, F; Thompson, J; Barnes, D A; Peterson, C; Brown, H; Brown, G V; Kemp, D J

1993-01-01

Virulence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum is believed to relate to adhesion of parasitized erythrocytes to postcapillary venular endothelium (asexual cytoadherence). Transmission of malaria to the mosquito vector involves a switch from asexual to sexual development (gametocytogenesis). Continuous in vitro culture of P. falciparum frequently results in irreversible loss of asexual cytoadherence and gametocytogenesis. Field isolates and cloned lines differing in expression of these phenotypes were karyotyped by pulse-field gel electrophoresis. This analysis showed that expression of both phenotypes mapped to a 0.3-Mb subtelomeric deletion of chromosome 9. This deletion frequently occurs during adaptation of parasite isolates to in vitro culture. Parasites with this deletion did not express the variant surface agglutination phenotype and the putative asexual cytoadherence ligand designated P. falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1, which has recently been shown to undergo antigenic variation. The syntenic relationship between asexual cytoadherence and gametocytogenesis suggests that expression of these phenotypes is genetically linked. One explanation for this linkage is that both developmental pathways share a common cytoadherence mechanism. This proposed biological and genetic linkage between a virulence factor (asexual cytoadherence) and transmissibility (gametocytogenesis) would help explain why a high degree of virulence has evolved and been maintained in falciparum malaria. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:8367496

The use of silastic transhepatic stents in benign and malignant biliary strictures.

PubMed Central

Cameron, J L; Gayler, B W; Zuidema, G D

1978-01-01

Between 1969 and 1978, 45 patients with biliary strictures have been managed surgically utilizing silastic transhepatic stents. In 25 patients the strictures were benign. After resection or dilatation of the benign stricture, an hepaticojejunostomy was performed to a Roux-en-Y loop. The anastomosis was stented with a large bore silastic tube with multiple side holes passed through the biliary tree, out the anterior surface of the liver, and then out through the abdominal wall. There was one hospital death. Most stents were left in place for one year. Of the 15 patients with long-term follow-up, all have had excellent results. In 20 patients the strictures were malignant and involved the common hepatic duct in 10 patients or its bifuraction in 10 patients. In 14 patients the tumor was thought to be primary in the biliary tree, and in six patients the tumor was felt to represent a metastasis or direct extension from another site. In three patients the tumors were resected, and in the remaining they were dilated or bypassed. After positioning a silastic transhepatic stent, a hepaticojejunostomy was carried out. There were two hospital deaths. Serum bilirubin on admission average 17.1 mg%, and after decompression 1.8 mg%. Five patients have survived over one year, and two over two years. Postoperative radiotherapy and a primary biliary tumor favored longer survival. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 4. PMID:697437

Specific biomolecule corona is associated with ring-shaped organization of silver nanoparticles in cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drescher, Daniela; Guttmann, Peter; Büchner, Tina; Werner, Stephan; Laube, Gregor; Hornemann, Andrea; Tarek, Basel; Schneider, Gerd; Kneipp, Janina

2013-09-01

We correlate the localization of silver nanoparticles inside cells with respect to the cellular architecture with the molecular information in the vicinity of the particle surface by combining nanoscale 3D cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The interaction of the silver nanoparticle surface with small molecules and biopolymers was monitored by SERS in vitro over time in living cells. The spectra indicate a stable, time-independent surface composition of silver nanoparticles, despite the changing environment in the endosomal structure. Cryo-SXT reveals a characteristic ring-shaped organization of the silver nanoparticles in endosomes of different cell types. The ring-like structures inside the endosomes suggest a strong association among silver particles and with membrane structures. The comparison of the data with those obtained with gold nanoparticles suggests that the interactions between the nanoparticles and with the endosomal component are influenced by the molecular composition of the corona.We correlate the localization of silver nanoparticles inside cells with respect to the cellular architecture with the molecular information in the vicinity of the particle surface by combining nanoscale 3D cryo-soft X-ray tomography (cryo-SXT) with surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The interaction of the silver nanoparticle surface with small molecules and biopolymers was monitored by SERS in vitro over time in living cells. The spectra indicate a stable, time-independent surface composition of silver nanoparticles, despite the changing environment in the endosomal structure. Cryo-SXT reveals a characteristic ring-shaped organization of the silver nanoparticles in endosomes of different cell types. The ring-like structures inside the endosomes suggest a strong association among silver particles and with membrane structures. The comparison of the data with those obtained with gold nanoparticles suggests that the interactions between the nanoparticles and with the endosomal component are influenced by the molecular composition of the corona. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Description of additional experiments. Explanation of transmitted intensity and linear absorption coefficient in a cryo-XRT experiment (Fig. S1 and S2). Additional X-ray data (Fig. S3 and Movie S1). Toxicity of silver nanoparticles (Fig. S4). X-ray microscopy and SERS experiments with gold nanoparticles (Fig. S5 and S6). Size, plasmonic properties, and stability of silver and gold nanoparticles (Fig. S7-S9). Distribution of the silver nanoparticles in the cells using SERS mapping (Fig. S10). Tentative band assignments (Table S1). See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02129g

The Lightcraft Technology Demonstration Program. Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

inlet). The afterbody had a dual function as a primary receptive optic (parabolic mirror) for the laser beam and as an external expansion surface... Trailers ............74 Fig. 81. Flight Test with Condor Crane .......................................................................76 Fig. 82...the respective text. The PLVTS was a 10.6 μm CO2 laser with a pulse width of 30 μs located in a trailer (see Fig. 1). The PLVTS was built in 1989

[Intercellular relationship of notochord determination of Xenopus laevis].

PubMed

Zeng, M B; Zhou, M Y; Wang, Y

1995-09-01

During the process of determination, the presumptive notochord is situated beneath neuroepithelium, flanked at two sides by presumptive somites and underlain with archenteron roof ventrally. Among these neighbouring embryonic tissues, presumptive somites were found to exert the main influence on notochord determination. By electron microscopic observations, the presumptive notochord and somite cells were seen to situate either close to each other (plate I, Fig. 1) or connected by cytoplasmic processes forming intercellular lumen (plate I, Fig. 5). Coated pits and coated vesicles appeared at the outer surface of both types of cells (plate I, Figs. 1-4). For the presumptive somite cells, spherical bodies of different sizes and variable contents were observed either near or protruding from the outer surface (plate II, Figs. 6-10). The spherical bodies were also found in the intercellular lumen (plate III, Fig. 11). These spherical bodies were mainly composed of granules, loosely scattered or densely packed. The granules were of similar size and similar shade of electron staining as those of ribosomes of the presumptive somite cells. For the presumptive notochord cells, no spherical bodies of the above mentioned type were found, but phenomenon of engulfing luminal material was observed (plate III, Fig. 12). The significance of the appearance of these spherical bodies in the determination of notochord cells has been discussed.

The avian prechordal head region: a morphological study.

PubMed Central

Seifert, R; Jacob, M; Jacob, H J

1993-01-01

The axial mesoderm of the anterior head region was investigated in young chick and quail embryos by light and electron microscopy. Semithin sections showed that the axial head mesoderm consists of the head process and prechordal mesoderm. At the anterior end of the prechordal mesoderm, a group of columnar epithelial cells formed a pit-like structure. The bases of these columnar cells extended to the neural plate, thus limiting the prechordal mesoderm anteriorly. The cells lining the pit-like structure at its anterior end joined a cell accumulation made up of cells of mesenchymal character. Electron microscopy revealed that the columnar cells forming the pit-like structure were covered by a basal lamina which was discontinuous on its anterior aspect. No basal lamina was recognisable between the columnar epithelial cells and mesenchymal cells joining them anteriorly. The columnar epithelial cells bordering the prechordal mesoderm anteriorly were therefore assumed to be part of the endodermal germ layer. In agreement with the findings of other authors, it is proposed to term these axially located columnar cells of the endoderm the prechordal plate and to distinguish them from the prechordal mesoderm arising during gastrulation. For the mesenchymal cell accumulation anterior to the prechordal plate, participation in the formation of the prosencephalic mesenchyme is assumed. This implies that the definitive endodermal germ layer, like the ectodermal one represented by the neural crest, may also be able to contribute to mesenchyme formation in the head. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 PMID:8270478

Communist China. Section 23. Weather and Climate. Part 3 - North China

DTIC Science & Technology

1964-06-01

Introduction 1 2. Climatic controls 2 a. General circulation and air masses 2 b. Migratory pressure systems and fronts 3 (1) Extratropical ...Sea-level pressure and surface airflow, January (map) 2 Fig. 2 Sea-level pressure and surface airflow, July (mop) 2 Fig. 3 Tracks of extratropical ...become weaker and less frequent as those of the invading monsoon become more prevalent. b. MIGRATORY PRESSURE SYSTEMS AND FRONTS (1) Extratropical

Radiographic evaluation of pancreatico-jejunal shunts.

PubMed Central

Miller, E W; Goldberg, H I; Goldberg, S B; Shapiro, H

1976-01-01

This paper describes opacification and identification of two surgically constructed pancreatico-jujunal shunts. A fibreoptic panendoscope was used with retrograde injection via the ampulla of Vater (ERCP). This procedure makes possible more accurate anatomical evaluation and so more precise clinical appraisal of both pre- and post-surgical states. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:955500

Synthetic substances with morphine-like effect

PubMed Central

Braenden, Olav J.; Eddy, Nathan B.; Halbach, H.

1955-01-01

For morphine-, morphinan-, pethidine-, methadone-, and dithienyl-butenylamine groups of analgesic compounds a systematic survey is given of how analgesic activity is quantitatively affected by alteration of the chemical constitution. Features common to the structural formulae of substances with morphine-like analgesic effect are pointed out. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 1(Contd.) PMID:13284565

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Pinpointing the SMBH in NGC1052 (Baczko+, 2016)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baczko, A.-K.; Schulz, R.; Kadler, M.; Ros, E.; Perucho, M.; Krichbaum, T. P.; Bock, M.; Bremer, M.; Grossberger, C.; Lindqvist, M.; Lobanov, A. P.; Mannheim, K.; Marti-Vidal, I.; Mueller, C.; Wilms, J.; Zensus, J. A.

2016-06-01

The source NGC1052 was observed with the GMVA at 86GHz in Oct. 2004. One naturally weighted and one uniformly weighted CLEAN-image as FITS-files (Fig. 1 and 2) and one tapered map with more weight to short baselines as FITS-file (Fig. 3). (2 data files).

Synergistic influence of polyoxometalate surface corona towards enhancing the antibacterial performance of tyrosine-capped Ag nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daima, Hemant K.; Selvakannan, P. R.; Kandjani, Ahmad E.; Shukla, Ravi; Bhargava, Suresh K.; Bansal, Vipul

2013-12-01

We illustrate a new strategy to improve the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by their surface modification with the surface corona of biologically active polyoxometalates (POMs). The stable POM surface corona was achieved by utilising zwitterionic tyrosine amino acid as a pH-switchable reducing and capping agent of AgNPs. The general applicability of this approach was demonstrated by developing surface coronas of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) around AgNPs. Our investigations on Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli demonstrate that in conjugation with AgNPs, the surface corona of POMs enhances the physical damage to the bacterial cells due to synergistic antibacterial action of AgNPs and POMs, and the ability of tyrosine-reduced AgNPs (AgNPsY) to act as an excellent carrier and stabiliser for the POMs. The further extension of this study towards Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus albus showed a similar toxicity pattern, whereas these nanomaterials were found to be biocompatible for PC3 epithelial mammalian cells, suggesting the potential of these materials towards specific antimicrobial targeting for topical wound healing applications. The outcomes of this work show that facile tailorability of nanostructured surfaces may play a considerable role in controlling the biological activities of different nanomaterials.We illustrate a new strategy to improve the antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by their surface modification with the surface corona of biologically active polyoxometalates (POMs). The stable POM surface corona was achieved by utilising zwitterionic tyrosine amino acid as a pH-switchable reducing and capping agent of AgNPs. The general applicability of this approach was demonstrated by developing surface coronas of phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and phosphomolybdic acid (PMA) around AgNPs. Our investigations on Gram negative bacterium Escherichia coli demonstrate that in conjugation with AgNPs, the surface corona of POMs enhances the physical damage to the bacterial cells due to synergistic antibacterial action of AgNPs and POMs, and the ability of tyrosine-reduced AgNPs (AgNPsY) to act as an excellent carrier and stabiliser for the POMs. The further extension of this study towards Gram positive bacterium Staphylococcus albus showed a similar toxicity pattern, whereas these nanomaterials were found to be biocompatible for PC3 epithelial mammalian cells, suggesting the potential of these materials towards specific antimicrobial targeting for topical wound healing applications. The outcomes of this work show that facile tailorability of nanostructured surfaces may play a considerable role in controlling the biological activities of different nanomaterials. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: XRD analysis (Fig. S1); cytotoxicity profile (Fig. S2) and optical images of human PC3 cells (Fig. S3) treated with nanomaterials; FTIR vibrational modes arising from different materials (Table S1); and relative concentrations of Ag and POMs present in modified AgNPs used for biological studies (Table S2). See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr03806h

Innervation of the sinu-atrial node and neighbouring regions in two human embryos.

PubMed Central

Orts Llorca, F; Domenech Mateu, J M; Puerta Fonolla, J

1979-01-01

In human embryos of 20 to 23 mm (36 to 40 days) it is possible to identify on the right side a nerve that we may call the sinusal, which originates by several roots from the nervus vagus dexter (Figs. 1A, B, D), descending through the right ventrolateral face of the primary trachea and right bronchus (Fig. 2, arrows). Beaded in appearance, it gives a fine anastomotic branch which, passing in front of the arteria pulmonalis dextra, passes to the left side (Figs. 2B, C, D; AN). At this level it gives the large branch for the nodus sinoatrialis which, penetrating through the wall of the superior vena cava, provides a rich innervation for the nodus sinoatrialis which is already in an advanced stage of differentiation (Fig. 3, 2; Cy, D, AN). Afterwards it gives fine branches which, following the atrial fold, are distributed throughout the posterior face of the atrium dextrum (Fig. 3). It increases in diameter and, passing through the angle formed by the right pulmonary veins with the atrium dextrum, reaches the intrapericardial portion of the inferior vena cava in the vicinity of its outlet from the atrium (Fig. 3, arrows). The whole innervation is parasympathetic at the stages studied. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:438095

The cranial cartilages of teleosts and their classification.

PubMed Central

Benjamin, M

1990-01-01

The structure and distribution of cartilages has been studied in 45 species from 24 families. The resulting data have been used as a basis for establishing a new classification. A cartilage is regarded as 'cell-rich' if its cells or their lacunae occupy more than half of the tissue volume. Five classes of cell-rich cartilage are recognised (a) hyaline-cell cartilage (common in the lips of bottom-dwelling cyprinids) and its subtypes fibro/hyaline-cell cartilage, elastic/hyaline-cell cartilage and lipo/hyaline-cell cartilage, (b) Schaffer's Zellknorpel, typified by the cartilage in the gill filaments of most teleosts examined, (c) elastic/cell-rich cartilage, such as that which supports the barbels and oral valves of catfish, e.g. Corydoras metae, (d) fibro/cell-rich cartilage, as in the submaxillary meniscus of Sphaerichthys osphromenoides, (e) cell-rich hyaline and (f) matrix-rich hyaline cartilage--both of which are common in the neurocranium and gill arches of most teleosts. The range of cartilages seen, and the predominant cartilage type, is recorded for each species and a list is provided of the tissues that most typify different organs or regions of the head. As a preliminary pointer to developmental relationships between the cartilages, note was taken of gradual transitions between one cartilage and another. It is suggested that hyaline-cell cartilage occupies a key position in teleosts as the most labile of the supporting tissues and is highly characteristic of Cypriniformes. The cartilage that best resembles mammalian hyaline cartilage (matrix-rich hyaline cartilage) has a very conservative distribution in different skeletal elements and the least number of associations with other tissues. It is well represented in Siluriformes. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Fig. 17 Fig. 18 Fig. 19 Fig. 20 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 PMID:2384333

Integration of Ion Implantation with Scanning ProbeAlignment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Persaud, A.; Rangelow, I.W.; Schenkel, T.

We describe a scanning probe instrument which integrates ion beams with imaging and alignment functions of a piezo resistive scanning probe in high vacuum. Energetic ions (1 to a few hundred keV) are transported through holes in scanning probe tips [1]. Holes and imaging tips are formed by Focused Ion Beam (FIB) drilling and ion beam assisted thin film deposition. Transport of single ions can be monitored through detection of secondary electrons from highly charged dopant ions (e. g., Bi{sup 45+}) enabling single atom device formation. Fig. 1 shows SEM images of a scanning probe tip formed by ion beammore » assisted Pt deposition in a dual beam FIB. Ion beam collimating apertures are drilled through the silicon cantilever with a thickness of 5 {micro}m. Aspect ratio limitations preclude the direct drilling of holes with diameters well below 1 {micro}m, and smaller hole diameters are achieved through local thin film deposition [2]. The hole in Fig. 1 was reduced from 2 {micro}m to a residual opening of about 300 nm. Fig. 2 shows an in situ scanning probe image of an alignment dot pattern taken with the tip from Fig. 1. Transport of energetic ions through the aperture in the scanning probe tip allows formation of arbitrary implant patterns. In the example shown in Fig. 2 (right), a 30 nm thick PMMA resist layer on silicon was exposed to 7 keV Ar{sup 2+} ions with an equivalent dose of 10{sup 14} ions/cm{sup 2} to form the LBL logo. An exciting goal of this approach is the placement of single dopant ions into precise locations for integration of single atom devices, such as donor spin based quantum computers [3, 4]. In Fig. 3, we show a section of a micron size dot area exposed to a low dose (10{sup 11}/cm{sup 2}) of high charge state dopant ions. The Bi{sup 45+} ions (200 keV) were extracted from a low emittance highly charged ions source [5]. The potential energy of B{sup 45+}, i. e., the sum of the binding energies required to remove the electrons, amounts to 36 keV. This energy is deposited within {approx}10 fs when an ion impinges on a target. The highly localized energy deposition results in efficient resist exposure, and is associated with strongly enhanced secondary electron emission, which allows monitoring of single ion impacts [4]. The ex situ scanning probe image with line scan in Fig. 3 shows a single ion impact site in PMMA (after standard development). In our presentation, we will discuss resolution requirements for ion placement in prototype quantum computer structures [3] with respect to resolution limiting factors in ion implantation with scanning probe alignment.« less

Geologic Map of the Sif Mons Quadrangle (V-31), Venus

USGS Publications Warehouse

Copp, Duncan L.; Guest, John E.

2007-01-01

The Magellan spacecraft orbited Venus from August 10, 1990, until it plunged into the Venusian atmosphere on October 12, 1994. Magellan Mission objectives included (1) improving the knowledge of the geological processes, surface properties, and geologic history of Venus by analysis of surface radar characteristics, topography, and morphology and (2) improving the knowledge of the geophysics of Venus by analysis of Venusian gravity. The Sif Mons quadrangle of Venus includes lat 0? to 25? N. and long 330? to 0? E.; it covers an area of about 8.10 x 106 km2 (fig. 1). The data used to construct the geologic map were from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Magellan Mission. The area is also covered by Arecibo images, which were also consulted (Campbell and Campbell, 1990; Campbell and others, 1989). Data from the Soviet Venera orbiters do not cover this area. All of the SAR products were employed for geologic mapping. C1-MIDRs were used for general recognition of units and structures; F-MIDRs and F-MAPs were used for more specific examination of surface characteristics and structures. Where the highest resolution was required or some image processing was necessary to solve a particular mapping problem, the images were examined using the digital data on CD-ROMs. In cycle 1, the SAR incidence angles for images obtained for the Sif Mons quadrangle ranged from 44? to 46?; in cycle 3, they were between 25? and 26?. We use the term 'high backscatter' of a material unit to imply a rough surface texture at the wavelength scale used by Magellan SAR. Conversely, 'low backscatter' implies a smooth surface. In addition, altimetric, radiometric, and rms slope data were superposed on SAR images. Figure 2 shows altimetry data; figure 3 shows images of ancillary data for the quadrangle; and figure 4 shows backscatter coefficient for selected units. The interpretation of these data was discussed by Ford and others (1989, 1993). For corrected backscatter and numerical ancillary data see tables 1 and 2; these data allow comparison with units at different latitudes on the planet, where the visual appearance may differ because of a different incidence angle. Synthetic stereo images, produced by overlaying SAR images and altimetric data, were of great value in interpreting structures and stratigraphic relations.

Digital Astronaut Photography: A Discovery Dataset for Archaeology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stefanov, William L.

2010-01-01

Astronaut photography acquired from the International Space Station (ISS) using commercial off-the-shelf cameras offers a freely-accessible source for high to very high resolution (4-20 m/pixel) visible-wavelength digital data of Earth. Since ISS Expedition 1 in 2000, over 373,000 images of the Earth-Moon system (including land surface, ocean, atmospheric, and lunar images) have been added to the Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth online database (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov ). Handheld astronaut photographs vary in look angle, time of acquisition, solar illumination, and spatial resolution. These attributes of digital astronaut photography result from a unique combination of ISS orbital dynamics, mission operations, camera systems, and the individual skills of the astronaut. The variable nature of astronaut photography makes the dataset uniquely useful for archaeological applications in comparison with more traditional nadir-viewing multispectral datasets acquired from unmanned orbital platforms. For example, surface features such as trenches, walls, ruins, urban patterns, and vegetation clearing and regrowth patterns may be accentuated by low sun angles and oblique viewing conditions (Fig. 1). High spatial resolution digital astronaut photographs can also be used with sophisticated land cover classification and spatial analysis approaches like Object Based Image Analysis, increasing the potential for use in archaeological characterization of landscapes and specific sites.

The Resistance of Certain Tissues to Invasion

PubMed Central

Eisenstein, Reuben; Sorgente, Nino; Soble, Lawrence W.; Miller, Alexander; Kuettner, Klaus E.

1973-01-01

If puppy tissues are explanted onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane, those tissues which normally have a blood supply are rapidly invaded by vascularized mesenchyme of host origin. Hyaline cartilage, a tissue virtually devoid of blood vessels, is impenetrable by proliferating mesenchyme of the host, while calcified cartilage, which normally is vascularized, is penetrable. The stroma of the cornea, another normally avascular tissue, is readily penetrable, but Descemet's membrane forms a barrier to invasion by host tissues. The experimental system used permits the design of experiments in which the study of factors responsible for the resistance of tissues such as cartilage to invasion can be undertaken. ImagesFig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4 PMID:4129060

Ultrastructural identification of Langerhans cells in normal swine epidermis.

PubMed Central

Romano, J; Balaguer, L

1991-01-01

Langerhans cells of the epidermis of 6-month-old white crossbred farm pigs were identified by electron microscopy. Ultrastructurally they were similar to those described in other mammals. They were present in basal and suprabasal layers and were characterised by a lobulated nucleus and an electrolucent cytoplasm with occasional dendritic processes, and the absence of tonofilaments and specialised unions with surrounding keratinocytes. They were specifically identified by the presence of characteristic rod or racquet-shaped intracytoplasmic granules. Intraepidermal clear cells without specific granules were present, although no melanocytes were observed. This is the first report of the presence of Birbeck granules in porcine Langerhans cells. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:1817140

Bilateral renal calculi

PubMed Central

Sreenevasan, G

1974-01-01

Bilateral renal calculi were present in 114 (10.7%) of 1,070 cases of proved urinary calculus admitted to the Urological Department of the General Hospital, Kuala Lumpur, during the period November 1968—May 1973. The management of bilateral renal calculi is discussed with reference to the first 100 cases in this series. The introduction of renography has greatly facilitated the decision as to which kidney should be operated on first. The management of patients with and without uraemia is discussed and the use of the modified V and V—Y incisions for the removal of staghorn calculi is described. Complications and results are briefly reviewed. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 4Fig. 6Fig. 7 PMID:4845653

Nano-thermometers with thermo-sensitive polymer grafted USPIOs behaving as positive contrast agents in low-field MRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hannecart, Adeline; Stanicki, Dimitri; Vander Elst, Luce; Muller, Robert N.; Lecommandoux, Sébastien; Thévenot, Julie; Bonduelle, Colin; Trotier, Aurélien; Massot, Philippe; Miraux, Sylvain; Sandre, Olivier; Laurent, Sophie

2015-02-01

Two commercial statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, Jeffamine® M-2005 (PEO5-st-PPO37) and M-2070 (PEO46-st-PPO13), exhibiting lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water, were grafted onto the surface of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) using silanization and amide-bond coupling reactions. The LCSTs of the polymers in solution were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In accordance with the compositions of EO vs. PO, the transition temperature was measured to be 22 +/- 2 °C for M-2005 by both DLS and NMR, while the LCST was much higher, 52 +/- 2 °C, for M-2070 (a second transition was also detected above 80 °C by NMR in that case, ascribed to the full dehydration of chains at the molecular level). The resulting polymer-grafted USPIOs exhibit a temperature-responsive colloidal behaviour, their surface reversibly changing from hydrophilic below LCST to hydrophobic above it. This phenomenon was utilised to design thermo-sensitive contrast agents for MRI. Transverse relaxivities (r2) of the USPIO@PEO5-st-PPO37 core-shell nanoparticles were measured at 8.25, 20, 60, and 300 MHz. Nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD) profiles, giving longitudinal relaxivities (r1) between 0.01 and 60 MHz, were acquired at temperatures ranging from 15 to 50 °C. For all tested frequencies except 300 MHz, both r1 and r2 decrease with temperature and show an inflection point at 25 °C, near the LCST. To illustrate the interest of such polymer-coated USPIOs for MRI thermometry, sample tubes were imaged on both low-field (8.25 MHz/0.194 Tesla) and high-field (300 MHz/7.05 Tesla) MRI scanners with either T1- or T2*-weighted spin echo sequences. The positive contrast on low-field MR images and the perfect linearity of the signal with a T2*-weighted sequence over the entire temperature range 15-50 °C render these LCST polymer coated USPIOs interesting positive contrast agents, also working as ``nano-thermometers''.Two commercial statistical copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, Jeffamine® M-2005 (PEO5-st-PPO37) and M-2070 (PEO46-st-PPO13), exhibiting lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water, were grafted onto the surface of ultra-small superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIOs) using silanization and amide-bond coupling reactions. The LCSTs of the polymers in solution were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). In accordance with the compositions of EO vs. PO, the transition temperature was measured to be 22 +/- 2 °C for M-2005 by both DLS and NMR, while the LCST was much higher, 52 +/- 2 °C, for M-2070 (a second transition was also detected above 80 °C by NMR in that case, ascribed to the full dehydration of chains at the molecular level). The resulting polymer-grafted USPIOs exhibit a temperature-responsive colloidal behaviour, their surface reversibly changing from hydrophilic below LCST to hydrophobic above it. This phenomenon was utilised to design thermo-sensitive contrast agents for MRI. Transverse relaxivities (r2) of the USPIO@PEO5-st-PPO37 core-shell nanoparticles were measured at 8.25, 20, 60, and 300 MHz. Nuclear magnetic resonance dispersion (NMRD) profiles, giving longitudinal relaxivities (r1) between 0.01 and 60 MHz, were acquired at temperatures ranging from 15 to 50 °C. For all tested frequencies except 300 MHz, both r1 and r2 decrease with temperature and show an inflection point at 25 °C, near the LCST. To illustrate the interest of such polymer-coated USPIOs for MRI thermometry, sample tubes were imaged on both low-field (8.25 MHz/0.194 Tesla) and high-field (300 MHz/7.05 Tesla) MRI scanners with either T1- or T2*-weighted spin echo sequences. The positive contrast on low-field MR images and the perfect linearity of the signal with a T2*-weighted sequence over the entire temperature range 15-50 °C render these LCST polymer coated USPIOs interesting positive contrast agents, also working as ``nano-thermometers''. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fig. S1: (a) 1H NMR spectra vs. temperature for Jeffamine® M-2005, (b) and M-2070 at 30 mg mL-1 in D2O; Fig. S2: FT-IR spectra of iron oxide nanoparticles (a) just after coprecipitation and (b) after coating with TEPSA; Fig. S3: Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of USPIOs silanized by TEPSA (red curve) and after coupling with Jeffamine® M-2005 (green curve) and M-2070 (blue curve); Fig. S4: FT-IR spectra (a) of the difference between the normalised spectra of USPIOs coated with TEPSA before and after grafting of Jeffamine® M-2005 and (b) of Jeffamine® M-2005 alone; Fig. S5: FT-IR spectra (a) of the difference between the normalised spectra of USPIOs coated with TEPSA before and after grafting of Jeffamine® M-2070, and (b) of Jeffamine® M-2070 alone; Fig. S6: NMRD profiles of the longitudinal relaxivity vs. proton Larmor frequency for (a) TEPSA-coated USPIOs and (b) USPIOs grafted with Jeffamine® M-2070 as a function of temperature; Fig. S7: (a) Outer sphere radius RNMR and saturation magnetisation MSvs. temperature for USPIOs coated with Jeffamine® M-2070 (green markers) and TEPSA only (purple markers); Fig. S8: longitudinal r1 and transverse r2 relaxivities of USPIOs grafted with Jeffamine® M-2005, normalised by the corresponding r1 or r2 of TEPSA-coated USPIOs, as a function of temperature ranging from 10 to 50 °C, for clinically relevant frequencies: 8.25, 20, 60, and 300 MHz. Movie 1: 8.25 MHz MR image of Jeffamine® M-2005 NP-coated and NP-TEPSA control tubes during a temperature cycle with the T1-weighted sequence. Movie 2: 8.25 MHz MR image of Jeffamine® M-2005 NP-coated and NP-TEPSA control tubes during a temperature cycle with the T2*-weighted sequence. See DOI: 10.1039/c4nr07064j

X-ray STM: Nanoscale elemental analysis & Observation of atomic track.

PubMed

Saito, Akira; Furudate, Y; Kusui, Y; Saito, T; Akai-Kasaya, M; Tanaka, Y; Tamasaku, K; Kohmura, Y; Ishikawa, T; Kuwahara, Y; Aono, M

2014-11-01

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) combined with brilliant X-rays from synchrotron radiation (SR) can provide various possibilities of original and important applications, such as the elemental analysis on solid surfaces at an atomic scale. The principle of the elemental analysis is based on the inner-shell excitation of an element-specific energy level "under STM observation". A key to obtain an atomic locality is to extract the element-specific modulation of the local tunneling current (not emission that can damage the spatial resolution), which is derived from the inner-shell excitation [1]. On this purpose, we developed a special SR-STM system and smart tip. To surmount a tiny core-excitation efficiency by hard X-rays, we focused two-dimensionally an incident beam having the highest photon density at the SPring-8.After successes in the elemental analyses by SR-STM [1,2] on a semiconductor hetero-interface (Ge on Si) and metal-semiconductor interface (Cu on Ge), we succeeded in obtaining the elemental contrast between Co nano-islands and Au substrate. The results on the metallic substrate suggest the generality of the method and give some important implications on the principle of contrast. For all cases of three samples, the spatial resolution of the analysis was estimated to be ∼1 nm or less, and it is worth noting that the measured surface domains had a deposition thickness of less than one atomic layer (Fig. 1, left and center).jmicro;63/suppl_1/i14-a/DFU045F1F1DFU045F1Fig. 1.(left) Topographic image and (center) beam-induced tip current image of Ge(111)-Cu (-2V, 0.2 nA). (right) X-ray- induced atomic motion tracks on Ge(111) that were newly imaged by the Xray-STM. On the other hand, we found that the "X-ray induced atomic motion" can be observed directly with atomic scale using the SR-STM system effectively under the incident photon density of ∼2 x10(15) photon/sec/mm(2) [3]. SR-STM visualized successfully the track of the atomic motion (Fig. 1, right), which enabled the further analysis on the mechanism of the atomic motion. It is worth comparing our results with past conventional thermal STM observations on the same surface [4], where the atomic motion was found to occur in the 2-dimensional domain. However, our results show the atomic track having a local chain distribution [3].The above mentioned results will allow us to investigate the chemical analysis and control of the local reaction with the spatial resolution of STM, giving hope of wide applications. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japanese Society of Microscopy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Problem of Vortex Turbulence behind Wings (II),

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-23

these winglets would give a resultant aerodynamic force directed towards the front which would decrease the wing drag. Such winglets will affect the...Fig. 30 Whitcomb winglets Pig. 31 Set of winglets for wake dissipation Surfaces on wing tips, winglets (Fig. 30), proposed by Whitcomb to diminish...anyway - to decrease the induced drag of the wing by putting some winglets at a certain angle in different planes, as shown in Fig. 31. The total

International Conference on the Methods of Aerophysical Research 98 "ICMAR 98". Proceedings, Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

pumping air through device and airdrying due to vapour condensation on cooled surfaces. Fig. 1 In this report, approximate estimates are presented...picture is used for flow field between disks and for water vapor condensation on cooled moving surfaces. Shown in Fig. 1 is a simplified flow...frequency of disks rotation), thus, breaking away from channel walls. Regarding condensation process, a number of usual simplifying assumptions is made

Branchial Cleft Anomalies

PubMed Central

McPhail, Neil; Mustard, Robert A.

1966-01-01

The embryology, anatomy and pathology of branchial cleft anomalies are discussed and 87 cases reviewed. The most frequent anomaly was branchial cleft cyst, of which there were 77 cases. Treatment in all cases consisted of complete excision. There were five cases of external branchial sinus and five cases of complete branchial fistula. Sinograms were helpful in demonstrating these lesions. Excision presented little difficulty. No proved case of branchiogenic carcinoma has been found in the Toronto General Hospital. Five cases are described in which the original diagnosis was branchiogenic carcinoma—in four of these a primary tumour has already been found. The authors believe that the diagnosis of branchiogenic carcinoma should never be accepted until repeated examinations over a period of at least five years have failed to reveal a primary tumour. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5 PMID:5901161

The organic matrix of gallstones

PubMed Central

Sutor, D. June; Wooley, Susan E.

1974-01-01

Dissolution of gallstones consisting of cholesterol, calcium carbonate, or calcium phosphate in different solvents left an amorphous organic gel-like substance (the matrix). Matrix from cholesterol stones could be colourless but was usually orange, yellow, or brown while that from calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate stones was almost invariably coloured black or dark brown. These pigments were also shown to be organic and amorphous. The amount of matrix present and its structure varied with the texture of the crystalline material. Irrespective of their composition, laminated pieces of material yielded compact laminated matrix of the same shape as the original piece and areas of loose crystalline material gave small pieces of non-cohesive matrix. Only large cholesterol crystals which usually radiate from the stone nucleus had no associated matrix. ImagesFig 1Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4Fig 5 PMID:4854981

An XXX male resulting from paternal X-Y interchange and maternal X-X nondisjunction.

PubMed Central

Annerén, G; Andersson, M; Page, D C; Brown, L G; Berg, M; Läckgren, G; Gustavson, K H; de la Chapelle, A

1987-01-01

A 2-year-old boy was found to have a 47,XXX karyotype. Restriction-fragment-length-polymorphism analysis showed that, of his three X chromosomes, one is of paternal and two are of maternal origin. The results of Y-DNA hybridization were reminiscent of those in XX males in two respects. First, hybridization to Southern transfers revealed the presence in this XXX male of sequences derived from the Y-chromosomal short arm. Second, in situ hybridization showed that this Y DNA was located on the tip of the X-chromosomal short arm. We conclude that this XXX male resulted from the coincidence of X-X nondisjunction during maternal meiosis and aberrant X-Y interchange either during or prior to paternal meiosis. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:2889356

The structure of the external rectus eye muscles of the carpet shark Cephaloscyllium isabella.

PubMed Central

Housley, G D; Montgomery, J C

1984-01-01

The external rectus muscles of the carpet shark Cephaloscyllium isabella contain two types of muscle fibre. A core of large white fibres which have regular myofibrils with extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum, triads located at the Z disc and a pronounced H band and M line. Mitochondria are frequent but tend to be smaller and less abundant than mitochondria of the smaller red fibre type. The red fibres which surround the central region are rich in mitochondria, have little sarcoplasmic reticulum and triads which are infrequent and dispersed. Sarcomere banding of red fibres is characterised by a faint H band and M line while the Z disc is thick in comparison with that found on the white muscle fibre sarcomere. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:6746403

Whole body positron emission tomography imaging of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.

PubMed Central

Scharko, A M; Perlman, S B; Hinds PW2nd; Hanson, J M; Uno, H; Pauza, C D

1996-01-01

Pathogenesis of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in rhesus macaques begins with acute viremia and then progresses to a distributed infection in the solid lymphoid tissues, which is followed by a process of cellular destruction leading to terminal disease and death. Blood and tissue specimens show the progress of infection at the cellular level but do not reveal the pattern of infection and host responses occurring throughout the body. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with intravenous 2-18F-2-deoxyglucose (FDG) could identify activated lymphoid tissues in a living animal and whether this pattern would reflect the extent of SIV infection. PET images from SIV-infected animals were distinguishable from uninfected controls and revealed a pattern consistent with widespread lymphoid tissue activation. Significant FDG accumulation in colon along with mesenteric and ileocaecal lymph nodes was found in SIV infection, especially during terminal disease stages. Areas of elevated FDG uptake in the PET images were correlated with productive SIV infection using in situ hybridization as a test for virus replication. PET-FDG images of SIV-infected animals correlated sites of virus replication with high FDG accumulation. These data show that the method can be used to evaluate the distribution and activity of infected tissues in a living animal without biopsy. Fewer tissues had high FDG uptake in terminal animals than midstage animals, and both were clearly distinguishable from uninfected animal scans. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:8692831

Immune Deficiency State in a Girl with Eczema and Low Serum IgM

PubMed Central

Evans, D. I. K.; Holzel, A.

1970-01-01

This report concerns an immune deficiency disorder in a girl with eczema. She has had recurrent infections including three severe attacks of herpes simplex and five attacks of pneumococcal meningitis. There is a moderate lymphopenia, dysgammaglobulinaemia with high IgG, high IgA, and low IgM; lymphocyte transformation with phytohaemagglutinin is impaired. Production of circulating antibody is abnormal, as are delayed hypersensitivity reactions. Although there is no thrombocytopenia, the resemblance to the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome is discussed. ImagesFIG. 1.FIG. 2.FIG. 3 PMID:5506938

Four-year to Eight-year Results of Vagotomy and Simple Drainage for Benign Lesser Curve Gastric Ulcer

PubMed Central

Burge, H.; Gill, A. Morton; Maclean, C.; Stedeford, R.

1970-01-01

The results of vagotomy and simple drainage for recurrent benign lesser curve gastric ulcer are recorded. Seventy-two consecutive cases were treated from 1962 to 1965. The follow-up is therefore from five to eight years. In only two cases did the ulcer fail to heal and remain healed. Four years after operation both these had persistent ulceration and persistent gastric retention. Both have apparently been cured by gastrojejunostomy done to improve gastric drainage. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3 PMID:5451588

Buried object remote detection technology for law enforcement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Del Grande, N.K.; Clark, G.A.; Durbin, P.F.

1991-03-01

We have developed a precise airborne temperature-sensing technology to detect buried objects for use by law enforcement. Demonstrations have imaged the sites of buried foundations, walls and trenches; mapped underground waterways and aquifers; and been used to locate underground military objects. Our patented methodology is incorporated in a commercially available, high signal-to-noise, dual-band infrared scanner with real-time, 12-bit digital image processing software and display. Our method creates color-coded images based on surface temperature variations of 0.2 {degrees}C. Unlike other less-sensitive methods, it maps true (corrected) temperatures by removing the (decoupled) surface emissivity mask equivalent to 1{degrees}C or 2{degrees}C; this maskmore » hinders interpretation of apparent (blackbody) temperatures. Once removed, were are able to identify surface temperature patterns from small diffusivity changes at buried object sites which heat and cool differently from their surroundings. Objects made of different materials and buried at different depths are identified by their unique spectra, spatial, thermal, temporal, emissivity and diffusivity signatures. We have successfully located the sites of buried (inert) simulated land mines 0.1 to 0.2 m deep; sod-covered rock pathways alongside dry ditches, deeper than 0.2 m; pavement covered burial trenches and cemetery structures as deep as 0.8 m; and aquifers more than 6 m and less 60 m deep. Our technology could be adapted for drug interdiction and pollution control. 16 refs., 14 figs.« less

Simultaneous growth of self-patterned carbon nanotube forests with dual height scales

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sam, Ebru Devrim; Kucukayan-Dogu, Gokce; Baykal, Beril; Dalkilic, Zeynep; Rana, Kuldeep; Bengu, Erman

2012-05-01

In this study, we report on a unique, one-step fabrication technique enabling the simultaneous synthesis of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) with dual height scales through alcohol catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD). Regions of VA-MWCNTs with different heights were well separated from each other leading to a self-patterning on the surface. We devised a unique layer-by-layer process for application of catalyst and inhibitor precursors on oxidized Si (100) surfaces before the ACCVD step to achieve a hierarchical arrangement. Patterning could be controlled by adjusting the molarity and application sequence of precursors. Contact angle measurements on these self-patterned surfaces indicated that manipulation of these hierarchical arrays resulted in a wide range of hydrophobic behavior changing from that of a sticky rose petal to a lotus leaf.In this study, we report on a unique, one-step fabrication technique enabling the simultaneous synthesis of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotubes (VA-MWCNTs) with dual height scales through alcohol catalyzed chemical vapor deposition (ACCVD). Regions of VA-MWCNTs with different heights were well separated from each other leading to a self-patterning on the surface. We devised a unique layer-by-layer process for application of catalyst and inhibitor precursors on oxidized Si (100) surfaces before the ACCVD step to achieve a hierarchical arrangement. Patterning could be controlled by adjusting the molarity and application sequence of precursors. Contact angle measurements on these self-patterned surfaces indicated that manipulation of these hierarchical arrays resulted in a wide range of hydrophobic behavior changing from that of a sticky rose petal to a lotus leaf. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fig. S1; AFM image of the Co-O layer which was first dried at 40 °C and then oxidized at 200 °C. Fig. S2; graph relative to the area of CNT islands for different catalyst configurations. Fig. S3; representative XPS spectra of (a) Si 2p, (b) Al 2p, (c) Fe 2p and (d) Co 2p for a reduced Al/Fe/Al/Co (20/20/20/20) catalyst film (grey line in all figures shows the peak backgrounds and orange line shows the curve fitted). Contact angle movies, Video S1 and Video S2, of Al/Fe/Al/Co samples 40/20/20/20 and 20/40/20/20, respectively. See DOI: 10.1039/c2nr30258f

The Harderian gland, its secretory duct and porphyrin content in the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus).

PubMed Central

Johnston, H S; McGadey, J; Thompson, G G; Moore, M R; Payne, A P

1983-01-01

The Harderian gland, its secretory duct and porphyrin content were examined in the mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). The gland consisted of tubules lined by a single layer of epithelial cells and a myoepithelial network. The tubule cells were often binucleate and possessed lipid vacuoles in the apical half of the cell, a corona of granular endoplasmic reticulum surrounding the nucleus, and cytoplasmic 'slashes'. The latter are probably derived from dense membranous couplets and may be precursors of the lipid vacuoles. Holocrine and merocrine secretion was observed. Interstitial cells included plasma cells, mast cells and (predominantly) melanocytes which render the gland black. The gland was surrounded by a collagen capsule and an outer layer of highly attenuated (possibly endothelioid) cells. Within the gland, the secretory duct was lined by a single layer of normal tubule cells. Outside the gland, the duct enlarged to form an ampulla, from which clefts led off to deep crypts. The ampulla and clefts were lined by cells with small dense apical granules and stubby microvilli; some possessed lipid vacuoles. The crypts were lined by serous cells with active Golgi regions. At the duct opening, ampullary cells became squamous and goblet cells occurred. Geometric crystalloid deposits (with a layered structure of 7.6 nm periodicity) occurred at cleft-crypt junctions. Islets of extra-glandular ductal tissue were occasionally found within the gland. Porphyrins were detectable both by chemical assay and fluorescence microscopy. There was a trend for female glands to have a higher content than males. Solid intraluminal accretions of porphyrin and/or lipid were present. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 PMID:6654750

Whole Sky Imaging of Clouds in the Visible and IR for Starfire Optical Range

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-31

burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing...data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this...30 Fig. 36 Nearly cloud-free moonlight case..................................................................31 Fig. 37

Varicocoele caused by a pancreatic pseudocyst.

PubMed Central

Dixon, J M; Armstrong, C P; Eremin, O

1983-01-01

Pseudocysts of the pancreas, when large, can compress adjacent structures giving rise to a series of clinical symptoms and signs. We present a patient whose pseudocyst compressed the left renal and testicular veins, resulting in a left sided varicocoele. We can find no evidence of such a complication having been previously reported. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:6840618

Active Uptake of Amino Acids by Leaves of an Epiphytic Vascular Plant, Tillandsia paucifolia (Bromeliaceae) 1

PubMed Central

Nyman, Leslie Paul; Davis, James P.; O'Dell, Stephen J.; Arditti, Joseph; Stephens, Grover C.; Benzing, David H.

1987-01-01

Specialized epidermal trichomes on the leaves of the epiphyte, Tillandsia paucifolia (Bromeliaceae) accumulate amino acids from solution. Simultaneous net uptake of 17 amino acids was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. Uptake occurs against concentration gradients at least as high as 104. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:16665307

Effect of contraceptive steroids on monoamine oxidase activity

PubMed Central

Southgate, Jennifer; Collins, G. G. S.; Pryse-Davies, J.; Sandler, M.

1969-01-01

Cyclical variations in monoamine oxidase activity during the human menstrual cycle, specific to the endometrium and modified in women undergoing contraceptive steroid treatment, may reflect changes in hormonal environment. Treatment of rats with individual constituents of the contraceptive pill causes analogous changes: oestrogens inhibit and progestogens potentiate uterine monoamine oxidase activity. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3

beta-Galactoside-binding muscle lectins of man and monkey show antigenic cross-reactions with those of bovine origin.

PubMed Central

Childs, R A; Feizi, T

1979-01-01

Endogenous beta-galactoside-binding lectins were isolated from human heart and from human and rhesus-monkey skeletal muscles. Gel precipitation and radioimmunoassays with rabbit antisera to calf heart lectin revealed antigenic cross-reactions between the primate and bovine muscle lectins. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. PMID:120198

Composite ultrasound imaging apparatus and method

DOEpatents

Morimoto, A.K.; Bow, W.J. Jr.; Strong, D.S.; Dickey, F.M.

1998-09-15

An imaging apparatus and method for use in presenting composite two dimensional and three dimensional images from individual ultrasonic frames. A cross-sectional reconstruction is applied by using digital ultrasound frames, transducer orientation and a known center. Motion compensation, rank value filtering, noise suppression and tissue classification are utilized to optimize the composite image. 37 figs.

[Corrigendum] Suppression of CUL4A attenuates TGF-β1-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Wang, Yunshan; Liu, Xiaoyan; Zheng, Hui; Wang, Qin; An, Li; Wei, Guangwei

2017-11-01

Following the publication of this article, a reader drew to our attention an anomaly associated with the data presented in Fig. 8. The reader found that the two images of the Control group treated with TGF-β1 in Fig. 8 have some overlap. After careful scrutiny, we found that we somehow misused a migation image for invasion (lower pannel) when constructing the final figure. This does not affect the interpretation of the experiments and the conclusions of the study. A corrected version of Fig. 8 is presented here. We would like to thank the reader of our article for drawing this matter to our attention. [the original article was published in the International Journal of Molecular Medicine 40: 1114-1124, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3118].

Using Purpose-Built Functions and Block Hashes to Enable Small Block and Sub-file Forensics

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

JPEGs. We tested precarve using the nps-2009-canon2-gen6 (Garfinkel et al., 2009) disk image. The disk image was created with a 32 MB SD card and a...analysis of n-grams in the fragment. Fig. 1 e Usage of a 160 GB iPod reported by iTunes 8.2.1 (6) (top), as reported by the file system (bottom center), and...as computing with random sampling (bottom right). Note that iTunes usage actually in GiB, even though the program displays the “GB” label. Fig. 2 e

Chemical Debridement of Burns

PubMed Central

Levenson, Stanley M.; Kan, Dorinne; Gruber, Charles; Crowley, Leo V.; Lent, Richard; Watford, Alvin; Seifter, Eli

1974-01-01

The development of effective, non-toxic (local and systemic) methods for the rapid chemical (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) debridement of third degree burns would dramatically reduce the morbidity and mortality of severely burned patients. Sepsis is still the major cause of death of patients with extensive deep burns. The removal of the devitalized tissue, without damage to unburned skin or skin only partially injured by burning, and in ways which would permit immediate (or very prompt) skin grafting, would lessen substantially the problems of sepsis, speed convalescence and the return of these individuals to society as effective human beings, and would decrease deaths. The usefulness and limitations of surgical excision for patients with extensive third degree burns are discussed. Chemical debridement lends itself to complementary use with surgical excision and has the potential advantage over surgical excision in not requiring anesthesia or a formal surgical operation. The authors' work with the chemical debridement of burns, in particular the use of Bromelain, indicates that this approach will likely achieve clinical usefulness. The experimental studies indicate that rapid controlled debridement, with minimal local and systemic toxicity, is possible, and that effective chemotherapeutic agents may be combined with the Bromelain without either interfering with the actions of the other. The authors believe that rapid (hours) debridement accomplished by the combined use of chemical debriding and chemotherapeutic agents will obviate the possibility of any increase in infection, caused by the use of chemical agents for debridement, as reported for Paraenzyme21 and Travase.39,48 It is possible that the short term use of systemic antibiotics begun just before and continued during, and for a short time after, the rapid chemical debridement may prove useful for the prevention of infection, as appears to be the case for abdominal operations of the clean-contaminated and contaminated types. ImagesFigs. 1a-c.Fig. 1b.Fig. 1c.Fig. 2.Fig. 3.Fig. 4.Fig. 5.Fig. 6.Fig. 7.Fig. 8.Fig. 9a.Fig. 9B.Fig. 10.Fig. 11.Figs. 12a-c.Fig. 12b.Fig. 12c.Figs. 14a-c.Fig. 14b.Fig. 14c.Figs. 15a-c.Fig. 15b.Fig. 15c. PMID:4606330

Expanded beam non-imaging fiber optic connector

DOEpatents

Jannson, T.; Jannson, J.; Yeung, P.

1990-02-06

There is disclosed an expanded beam fiber to fiber connector, based on non-imaging optic principles for coupling light beams from one optical fiber to another. The system consists of two identical connector parts, referred to herein as a collimating part and a concentrating part, each having a preferred partially curved reflective boundary surface for minimizing power loss and surrounding either a hollow space or a space filled with a uniform transparent medium. In one embodiment the boundary is metallic while in a second embodiment the boundary is in the form of an interface allowing total internal reflection. In both the hollow and filled case a lens may be located at the expanded end of both the collimator part and the concentrator part forming the connector. The connector is preferably located in a housing in order to protect and preserve the mechanical stability of the coupler. 13 figs.

Ultrastructure of the bovine nuchal ligament.

PubMed Central

Morocutti, M; Raspanti, M; Ottani, V; Govoni, P; Ruggeri, A

1991-01-01

Nuchal ligament is composed almost exclusively of elastic fibres and collagen fibrils, interwoven very closely and lying parallel to the main ligament axis. Elastic fibres are very large, straight and roughly cylindrical; the collagenous matrix consists of septa of diminishing size forming a 3-dimensional matrix that envelops fibre bundles as well as individual elastic fibres. In all areas examined, collagen fibrils are of very uniform size and, on replicas, they reveal a spiral subfibrillar arrangement with an inclination angle of 17 degrees. Collagen fibrils appear to adhere to the elastic fibres very closely, conforming to their irregular shape. Sometimes they impinge directly upon the elastic fibres, while in other cases a space is visible between collagen fibrils and elastic fibres that contains a rich fabric of intermediate filaments. The collagen-elastin complex of the ligamentum nuchae may be considered a fibre-reinforced composite material comprising tough fibres immersed in an amorphous elastic matrix. Its mechanical behaviour is the result of the combined properties of its components and their interactions. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 PMID:1810923

The aster yellows controversy: current status.

PubMed Central

Sinha, R. C.

1983-01-01

Evidence for and against the spiroplasmal etiology of aster yellows (AY) disease is examined. A spiroplasma, serologically identical to Spiroplasma citri, was cultivated by some workers from lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants claimed to be naturally infected with AY. The isolated spiroplasma was shown to be infectious by injecting Macrosteles fascifrons with the cultured organisms and then confining the injected leafhoppers on healthy plants. The reports claiming that a spiroplasma is the etiological agent of AY, however, exist only in astract form, and several essential questions still need to be answered to substantiate the claim. Evidence against the claim is based on significant differences that have been observed between the behavior of S. citri and the AY agent in the leafhoppers as well as in the plant. Also, helical organisms could not be found in AY-infected plants by either scanning or immunosorbent electron microscopy, and S. citri is serologically unrelated to the mycoplasma-like organisms found in AY-infected plants. These results strongly support the conclusion that the classical AY disease is not caused by a variant of S. citri. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 PMID:6382826

Antigenic analyses of tissues and excretory and secretory products from Strongylus vulgaris.

PubMed Central

Wynne, E; Slocombe, J O; Wilkie, B N

1981-01-01

Rabbit antisera were prepared against veronal buffered saline extracts of L4 and L5 Strongylus vulgaris, adult S. vulgaris and adult Strongylus equinus retrieved from naturally infected horses. In agar gel diffusion with these antisera, adult S vulgaris and S. equinus each appeared to have at least one unique antigen; larval S. vulgaris appeared to have two species-specific and two stage-specific antigens. There were several common antigens. Excretory and secretory products were collected also from L4 and L5 an maintained over several days in tissue culture fluid. In agar gel diffusion against the above rabbit antisera, a stage-specific antigen was found also in excretory and secretory products. In addition, excretory and secretory products had three antigens in common with adult and larval S. vulgaris, but only one of these was common to adult S. equinus. The excretory and secretory products appear, therefore, to have two species-specific and one stage-specific antigens. Images Fig. 1 a and b. Fig. 2 a and b. Fig. 3 a and b. Fig. 4 a and b. Fig. 5 a and b. Fig. 6 a and b. Fig. 7 a and b. Fig. 8 a and b. PMID:6804070

Intra-articular injuries of the elbow: pitfalls of diagnosis and treatment.

PubMed Central

Fowles, J. V.; Rizkallah, R.

1976-01-01

Poor results in treating fractures and dislocations about the elbow may be avoided if the surgeon is aware of the possible injuries, examines good radiographs of both elbows, and treats the injury promptly and appropriately. A displaced fracture of the lateral or medial condyle of the humerus should be suspected if there is a flake fracture of the adjoining metaphysis; open reduction and internal fixation give better results than closed reduction. A shear fracture of the capitulum humeri can only be seen on a lateral radiograph; excision of the fragment, followed by mobilization, is sufficient for a good functional result. Dislocation of the elbow in a child may avulse the medial epicondyle, which sometimes lodges in the joint; it is essential to recognize this and remove the fragment without delay to avoid early degenerative arthritis. An apparently isolated fracture of the ulna should alert the surgeon to the possibility of a dislocation of the radial head; the dislocation and the fracture must be reduced and stabilized to conserve elbow function. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 FIG. 7 FIG. 8 PMID:943224

Acetazolamide on the ventral medulla of the cat increases phrenic output and delays the ventilatory response to CO2.

PubMed Central

Coates, E L; Li, A H; Nattie, E E

1991-01-01

1. Acetazolamide (0.1 mM) applied to the surface of the rostral ventrolateral medulla or microinjected beneath the medullary surface in chloralose-urethane-anaesthetized, vagotomized, carotid-denervated, paralysed, servo-ventilated cats produced a long-lasting increase in integrated phrenic nerve activity. 2. Extracellular pH measured beneath the rostral ventrolateral medulla exhibited a long-lasting decrease after surface acetazolamide but was not a good predictor, in each individual animal, of changes in phrenic activity. 3. Medullary carbonic anhydrase inhibition reduced the slope and the half-time of the phrenic response to rapid step CO2 increases. Conversely, acetazolamide did not affect the phrenic response to steady-state CO2 increases. 4. These data indicate that localized inhibition of medullary carbonic anhydrase causes a centrally mediated increase in ventilation that we attribute to medullary tissue hypercapnia and acidosis. In addition, these data indicate that medullary carbonic anhydrase may play a role in central CO2 chemotransduction. Images Fig. 8 PMID:1816381

Atomic-level imaging, processing and characterization of semiconductor surfaces

DOEpatents

Kazmerski, L.L.

1995-08-22

A method for selecting and removing single specific atoms from a solid material surface uses photon biasing to break down bonds that hold the selected atom in the lattice and to reduce barrier effects that hold the atom from transferring to a probe. The photon bias is preferably light or other electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength and frequency that approximately matches the wave function of the target atom species to be removed to induce high energy, selective thermionic-like vibration. An electric field potential is then applied between the probe and the surface of the solid material to pull the atom out of the lattice and to transfer the atom to the probe. Different extrinsic atoms can be installed in the lattice sites that are vacated by the removed atoms by using a photon bias that resonates the extrinsic atom species, reversing polarity of the electric field, and blowing gas comprising the extrinsic atoms through a hollow catheter probe. 8 figs.

Morphological diversity and function of the stigma in Ficus species (Moraceae)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teixeira, Simone Pádua; Costa, Marina F. B.; Basso-Alves, João Paulo; Kjellberg, Finn; Pereira, Rodrigo A. S.

2018-07-01

The stigma plays several roles such as pollen hydration and selection, and pollen tube nutrition. In the Ficus-fig wasp mutualism, stigmata have an additional, almost unknown, function by representing a physical interface for both plant and wasp reproduction. We used light and electron microscopy to compare the detailed morphology of the stigmata of nine Ficus species of different sections and with different pollination modes and sexual expressions. Figs were collected at the stage when the stigmata were receptive for pollination. Stigmata in actively pollinated monoecious species have well developed papillae concentrated on the adaxial surface exposed towards the fig cavity. Conversely, the passively pollinated monoecious species have the whole surface of the stigmata covered by somewhat smaller papillae. In both actively and passively pollinated monoecious species these features are consistent, irrespective of style length. In all actively pollinated gynodioecious species, the stigmata of pistillate flowers were tubular or infundibuliform whereas in almost all actively pollinated monoecious species (except F. racemosa) the stigmata were filiform, with one branch or two asymmetric branches. In gynodioecious species the short-styled flowers in "male" figs show a limited receptive surface with small papillae, while the stigmata of long-styled flowers in "female" figs are covered by papillae that extend down the sides of the style, increasing the stigmatic surface. In actively pollinated species, stigmata are cohesive, forming a common surface for pollen tube germination (= synstigma). The synstigma arrangement was quite variable: lax, cohesive or very cohesive, with entanglement by stigmatic papillae and stylar trichomes. Entanglement by stylar trichomes is common in gynodioecious species. The synstigma arrangement did not correlate with phylogeny or breeding system. This study is the first to report a very loose synstigma in actively pollinated monoecious Ficus species. Our analyses revealed that, in Ficus, the synstigma is functionally analogous to an extra-gynoecial compitum. Comparative studies will be required to test further hypotheses about the evolutionary determinants of such variation.

Lesions of the segmental and lobar hepatic ducts.

PubMed Central

Longmire, W P; Tompkins, R K

1975-01-01

Despite reports to the contrary, unobstructed drainage of 50% of an otherwise normal liver through either the right or left uninfected hepatic duct is adequate to restore normal liver function, even if the obstructed lobe remains in place. An undrained liver lobe, if present, may require no further treatment. As long as it is completely obstructed and uninfected, it will undergo a progressive asymptomatic atrophy. Cholangitis invariably develops behind a partial lobar ductal obstruction, producing jaundice, pruritis, and fever. Unless unobstructed, uninfected biliary flow can be achieved through a segmental or lobar duct, it is better that the duct be completely obstructed and the affected liver parenchyma allowed to atrophy, provided there is normal biliary flow from the residual 50% of liver. This concept is important in the management of injured anomalous segmental or lobar hepatic duct and in the palliative treatment of bile duct carcinoma. Localized intrahepatic infections communicating with abnormal biliary ducts will require hepatic resection of the infected parenchyma and ducts for cure. The abnormality may be saccular dilatation of the intrahepatic ductal system with abscess formation or intrahepatic abscess associated with stenosis of the ductal system from trauma to the duct, to the duct and liver, or to retained intrahepatic stones. Diffusely situated intrahepatic abscesses secondary to ductal abnormalities can be treated with systemic antibiotics, local drainage of a dmoninant abscess, and efforts to improve biliary drainage. Images Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Figs. 11A and B Figs. 12A and B. Fig. 13. Fig. 14. Fig. 15. Fig. 16. Fig. 17. PMID:1180585

Gastric form of alpha chain disease.

PubMed Central

Coulbois, J; Galian, P; Galian, A; Couteaux, B; Danon, F; Rambaud, J

1986-01-01

A case of alpha chain disease, involving the stomach only, is reported in an Algerian man suffering from epigastric pains. Upper digestive tract fibreoptic endoscopy showed two antral ulcers and an ulcerative gastritis pattern, which promptly disappeared with cimetidine treatment. Antral biopsies at a distance from the ulcers, but not of the ulcer crater itself, disclosed a dense infiltration of antral lamina propria by mature or sometimes atypical plasma cells. On transmural surgical antral biopsy, the infiltrate spread to the superficial part of the submucosa. No other localisation of the disease was found in spite of multiple biopsies obtained by endoscopy, with a peroral capsule and during staging laparotomy. The alpha chain disease protein was absent from serum and urine, but found in the gastric juice and in the cytoplasma of the cellular infiltrate (alpha 1 subclass). A complete clinical, endoscopic, histological and immunological remission was observed after a six months' course of oral tetracycline. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 PMID:3087826

PubMed Central

Fouron, J.-C.; Favreau-Ethier, M.; Marion, P.; Davignon, A.

1967-01-01

Sixteen cases of peripheral pulmonary stenosis have been studied clinically and by cardiac catheterization. Diagnosis has been proved in all cases by manometric measurements and/or cineangiocardiography. All patients except two were below 2 years of age. Ten cases were of type I, i.e. the stenosis was localized to the pulmonary trunk or its main branches. Six patients were of type III, i.e. they had diffuse stenosis of the pulmonary arterial tree. The physical findings, which in many cases are typical and include the presence of a systolic murmur over both lung fields, should alert the physician to the diagnosis at the bedside. At cardiac catheterization the configuration of the pressure tracing in the main pulmonary artery is typical, showing an abrupt rise and fall of the systolic wave followed by a low situated dicrotic notch. There is no doubt that in the past many cases of peripheral pulmonary stenosis have been wrongly diagnosed as “essential pulmonary hypertension”. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 9Fig. 10 PMID:6021054

Eye Injuries in Canadian Racquet Sports

PubMed Central

Pashby, Thomas J.; Bishop, Patrick J.; Easterbrook, W. Michael

1982-01-01

Racquet sports eye injuries have increased steadily in recent years. To determine the magnitude of the problem, the Canadian Ophthalmological Society (COS) Athletic Eye Injury Committee has sent questionnaires to COS members since 1976 to be completed for all racquet sports eye injuries treated. In the first year of the questionnaire 48 injuries were reported, including three legally blind eyes. From July 1978 to May 1981, 154 squash and 91 racquetball eye injuries were reported. Half the injured players required hospitalization and surgery was frequent; some players had permanent vision loss. These findings led to assessment of available eye protectors. Open-type protectors can be penetrated by balls and some closed-type protectors are not sufficiently sturdy. Steps are underway to write a Canadian standard for racquet sports eye protectors. Meanwhile the public must be informed of the danger of racquet sports eye injuries and the importance of wearing closed-type protectors. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 6 PMID:21286105

Evaluation of ivermectin against later fourth-stage Strongylus vulgaris in ponies at two and five weeks after treatment.

PubMed Central

Slocombe, J O; McCraw, B M

1984-01-01

The efficacy of ivermectin against later fourth-stage Strongylus vulgaris larvae was studied in pony foals at 14 and 35 days after treatment. These foals had been reared parasite-free, inoculated with 500 infective larvae and 56 days later given either ivermectin at 200 micrograms/kg or a placebo intramuscularly. At necropsy, foals were examined for lesions and larvae grossly and histologically. Ivermectin was found to be highly effective (98.6%) against later fourth-stage larvae in five foals which were examined at 35 days after treatment, but not in five others examined at 14 days (72.5%). In some foals larvae were found in the tunica media of the ileocolic arteries. The conformation of these larvae appeared normal, but there were degenerative changes which suggested that they were dying or dead. Questions as to how the larvae attained that site and the consequences of their presence there were raised. Images Fig. 1.,Fig. 2.,Fig. 3.,Fig. 4.,Fig. 5.,Fig. 6. PMID:6391639

Preservation of anal function after total excision of the anal mucosa for Bowen's disease.

PubMed Central

Reynolds, V H; Madden, J J; Franklin, J D; Burnett, L S; Jones, H W; Lynch, J B

1984-01-01

Six women with Bowen's disease of the anogenital area were treated by total excision of the anal mucosa, perianal skin and, in some cases, partial vulvectomy. Two patients had foci of microinvasive squamous carcinoma. Adequate tumor margins were determined by frozen sections. The resulting mucosal and cutaneous defects were grafted with medium split-thickness skin grafts applied to the anal canal and sutured circumferentially to the rectal mucosa. Grafts were held in place by a finger cot inserted in the anal canal and stuffed with cotton balls. Patients were constipated five or six days with codeine. The skin grafts healed per primam. One additional patient was similarly treated for a chronic herpetic ulceration of the anus and healed. Contrary to dire predictions, all patients were able to distinguish between gaseous and solid rectal contents and sphincter function was preserved. In one patient, Bowen's disease has recurred in the grafted perianal skin. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. PMID:6372711

Instrument for Study of Microbial Thermal Inactivation

PubMed Central

Dickerson, R. W.; Read, R. B.

1968-01-01

An instrument was designed for the study of thermal inactivation of microorganisms using heating times of less than 1 sec. The instrument operates on the principle of rapid automatic displacement of the microorganism to and from a saturated steam atmosphere, and the operating temperature range is 50 to 90 C. At a temperature of 70 C, thermometric lag (time required to respond to 63.2% of a step change) of the fluid sample containing microorganisms was 0.12 sec. Heating time required to heat the sample to within 0.1 C of the exposure temperature was less than 1 sec, permitting exposure periods as brief as 1 sec, provided the proper corrections are made for the lethal effect of heating. The instrument is most useful for heat exposure periods of less than 5 min, and, typically, more than 500 samples can be processed for microbial inactivation determinations within an 8-hr period. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 PMID:4874466

Polyarthritis and bone lesions complicating traumatic pancreatitis in two children.

PubMed Central

Goluboff, N.; Cram, R.; Ramgotra, B.; Singh, A.; Wilkinson, G. W.

1978-01-01

The association of bone lesions, polyarthritis and cutaneous nodules with pancreatic disease is being recognized and reported more frequently. In adults all forms of pancreatitis and carcinoma of the pancreas have been involved, but in the few children described these complications have been associated with acute traumatic pancreatitis. This paper describes two cases of acute traumatic pancreatitis in which polyarthritis and limb pains were noted after 2 to 3 weeks. In one child osteolytic lesions and periostitis were seen on roentgenograms 7 weeks after the onset of pancreatitis. In the other child minor roentgenographic changes were not seen until 5 months after the onset; however, bone scans showed clear-cut abnormalities after 1 month. Almost complete resolution could be expected within a year. Serum lipase and amylase concentrations remained elevated during the acute illness. Disseminated fat necrosis is apparently related to the excess amounts of circulating lipase. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 FIG. 5 FIG. 6 PMID:647564

The double stapling technique for low anterior resection. Results, modifications, and observations.

PubMed Central

Griffen, F D; Knight, C D; Whitaker, J M; Knight, C D

1990-01-01

Since the introduction of the end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapler for rectal reconstruction, we have used a modification of the conventional technique in which the lower rectal segment is closed with the linear stapler (TA-55) and the anastomosis is performed using the EEA instrument across the linear staple line (double stapling technique). Our experience with this procedure includes stapled colorectal anastomoses in 75 patients and is the basis for the report. This review presents the details and advantages of the technique and the results. Complications include two patients with anastomotic leak (2.7%), and two with stenosis that required treatment (2.7%). Protective colostomy was not done in this series. There were no deaths. Our experience and that of others suggests that this modification of the EEA technique can allow a lower anastomosis in some patients, and that it can be done with greater safety and facility. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. PMID:2357137

Singlet Oxygen Generation Mediated By Silicon Nanocrystal Assemblies

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Lattice fringes in Fig.3 d correspond to the (111) atomic planes of Si nanocrystals. Length scales are indicated. Downscaling of the stain etched PSi...intensity of 1W/cm2 in a time scale of a few hours a monolayer of oxygen is formed on the surface of Si nanocrystals. Fig. 8. Infrared absorption...solution. Fig. 10. PL intensity as a function of continuously prolonged etching of Si powder. Inset: PL suppression level (can be scaled as singlet

Cardiac lesions in rats fed rapeseed oils.

PubMed Central

Charlton, K M; Corner, A H; Davey, K; Kramer, J K; Mahadevan, S; Sauer, F D

1975-01-01

Fully refined rapeseed oils containing different amounts of erucic acid (1.6%, 4.3% and 22.3%) were fed, at 20% by weight of diet, to weanling male and female Sprague-Dawley rats for periods up to 112 days. Transient myocardial lipidosis characterized by accumulation of fat droplets in myocardial fibers was marked in male and female rats fed oxidized and unoxidized rapeseed oil containing 22.3% erucic acid, moderate with rapeseed oil containing 4.3% erucic acid and very slight in rats fed rapeseed oil containing 1.6% erucic acid. Peak intensity of myocardial lipidosis occurred at three to seven days and regressed thereafter. Focal myocardial necrosis and fibrosis occurred in male rats fed rapeseed oils containing different levels of erucic acid for 112 days. The incidence of myocardial necrosis and fibrosis was markedly lower in female rats, and the incidence of these lesions in either sex was not affected by the state of oxidation of these oils. In a second experiment, male rats were fed diets containing crude, partially refined or fully refined rapeseed oils. There was no correlation between the number of foci of myocardial necrosis and fibrosis and the state of refinement of the oils, but there were generally fewer lesions in rats fed those oils having the lowest levels of erucic acid. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. PMID:1170010

Relations Between Metabolic Increase of Plasma Free Fatty Acids and the Occurrence of Arteriosclerotic Thromboarteritis in Rabbits

PubMed Central

Scott, Richard A.; Henson, Donald E.; Lesak, Anne; Turner, Robert J.; Malikova, Stanislava; Hass, George M.

1973-01-01

Rabbits maintained for several weeks on a regimen of modest amounts of vitamin D and dietary cholesterol were placed in three groups in accordance with their response to repeated subcutaneous injections of nicotine in mineral oil. The group that had the greatest increase in plasma FFA following nicotine injections gradually developed, over a period of about 12 weeks, severe calcific atheroarteriosclerosis with peripheral thromboarteritis. Those that had a moderate increase in plasma FFA following nicotine injections developed calcific atheroarteriosclerosis but no thromboarteritis. Those that had the least increase in plasma FFA following nicotine injections developed no arterial lesions. Comparable or much greater increases in plasma FFA occurred in rabbits on the vitamin D-cholesterol regimen when adrenalin, ACTH or heparin was injected rather than nicotine. These animals did not develop calcific atheroarteriosclerotic thromboarteritis or any other lesions which could be correlated with the increased levels of plasma FFA. Inasmuch as nicotine, vitamin D or dietary cholesterol in the amounts used were innocuous when used alone, the interactions between the effects of at least these three factors need to be known in individual animals before the pathogenesis of the calcific atheroarteriosclerotic lesions with thrombosis can eventually be understood. ImagesFig 5Fig 6Fig 7Fig 8Fig 9Fig 1Fig 10Fig 2Fig 3Fig 4 PMID:4345831

Analysis of Curved Target-Type Thrust Reversers

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-07

methods f-or two -dimensional cases, the Levi - Civita method provides a \\ariet> t>l bucket shapes and enables one to round off the sharp corners of...surface In the present work three methods arc employed to investigate the deflection of mviscid. incompressible curved surfaces: Levi - Civitas ...shapes are shown in Fig. V A special case for (T, =0 31416 and fr2= 0.47124, and A = 0. ,*46, (/< = 6X ), is shown in Fig 4. Fvidently, Levi - Civita "s

Porous Hydroxyapatite Scaffold with Three-Dimensional Localized Drug Delivery System Using Biodegradable Microspheres

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-21

produced were also labeled with FITC using a modification of a previously described technique [22]. PEI- coated microsphere (30 mg/mL) were mixed with...surface after 4 h of mixing (Fig. 5A), while PEI-coated microspheres were well- dispersed and immobilized onto the HAp surface (Fig. 5B). 3.3. Properties of...Erickson, L. Ren, D. Li, Zeta-potential measurement using the smoluchowski equation and the slope of the current-time relationship in electroosmotic flow

C.-E.A. Winslow and the later years of public health at Yale, 1940-1945.

PubMed Central

Viseltear, A. J.

1987-01-01

This paper is one of a series of papers in which I consider contemporary Yale medical education in general and the Yale Department of Epidemiology and Public Health in particular. It tells of the retirement in 1945 of C.-E.A. Winslow, Professor and Chairman of the Yale Department of Public Health since its inception in 1915; of the committees established by the dean of the School of Medicine and the president of the University, charged with determining the future direction of the department; and of the outcome, which, in 1945, proved favorable to Winslow's public health philosophy in contrast to the medical school's clinical needs and desires. Images FIG. 1 FIG. 2 FIG. 3 FIG. 4 PMID:3321724

Converting cancer genes into killer genes.

PubMed Central

Da Costa, L T; Jen, J; He, T C; Chan, T A; Kinzler, K W; Vogelstein, B

1996-01-01

Over the past decade, it has become clear that tumorigenesis is driven by alterations in genes that control cell growth or cell death. Theoretically, the proteins encoded by these genes provide excellent targets for new therapeutic agents. Here, we describe a gene therapy approach to specifically kill tumor cells expressing such oncoproteins. In outline, the target oncoprotein binds to exogenously introduced gene products, resulting in transcriptional activation of a toxic gene. As an example, we show that this approach can be used to specifically kill cells overexpressing a mutant p53 gene in cell culture. The strategy may be generally applicable to neoplastic diseases in which the underlying patterns of genetic alterations or abnormal gene expression are known. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:8633039

Initial treatment of sigmoid volvulous by colonoscopy.

PubMed Central

Starling, J R

1979-01-01

The initial management of acute, nonstrangulated sigmoid volvulous is to attempt proctosigmoidoscopic, rectal tube, or barium enema reduction and evacuation. If unsuccessful emergency surgery is necessary. The flexible colonoscope offers an additional therapeutic modality to effectuate preoperative reduction of the twisted sigmoid colon if attempts with conventional methods fail. Three cases of acute sigmoid volvulous are presented which illustrate for the first time successful reduction of acute sigmoid volvulous by colonoscopy after failure of the usual methods of treatment. Instead of emergency surgery all of these patients had elective resection with primary colocolostomy. Patients with acute sigmoid volvulous refractile to reduction by conventional modalities should have an attempt at flexible colonoscopic reduction. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. PMID:464675

Common antigenic determinants of haemoglobin as basis of immunological cross-reactivity between chironomid species (Diptera, Chironomidae): studies with human and animal sera.

PubMed Central

Baur, X; Dewair, M; Haegele, K; Prelicz, H; Scholl, A; Tichy, H

1983-01-01

Chironomids, of which approximately 10,000 species exist, are reported to cause severe immediate type allergic diseases in man. In the present study, immunological cross-reactivity between 14 chironomid species from different continents was proven by RAST inhibition, double immunodiffusion and a new allergoprint technique, based upon PAGE separation of insect crude extracts. Using isolated chironomid haemoglobins and sera of sensitized persons, as well as rabbit antibodies against larval crude extract or against the haemoglobin fraction of Chironomus thummi, it could be proven that cross-reactivity derives at least predominantly from haemoglobin components with common antigenic determinants in the different species. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:6197219

Nuremberg lamentation: for the forgotten victims of medical science.

PubMed Central

Seidelman, W. E.

1996-01-01

Fifty years after the Nuremberg medical trial there remain many unanswered questions about the role of the German medical profession during the Third Reich. Other than the question of human experimentation, important ethical challenges arising from medicine in Nazi Germany which have continuing relevance were not addressed at Nuremberg. The underlying moral question is that of the exercise of professional power and its impact on vulnerable people seeking medical care. Sensitisation to the obligations of professional power may be achieved by an annual commemoration and lament to the memory of the victims of medical abuse which would serve as a recurring reminder of the physician's vulnerability and fallibility. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 PMID:8973236

Lung Transplantation in a Patient with Fibrosing Alveolitis

PubMed Central

Hugh-Jones, P.; Macarthur, A. M.; Cullum, P. A.; Mason, S. A.; Crosbie, W. A.; Hutchison, D. C. S.; Winterton, M. C.; Smith, A. P.; Mason, B.; Smith, L. A.

1971-01-01

The transplantation of the right lung into a man aged 40 who was suffering from cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis is described. Before transplantation he had been dependent on oxygen, even at rest, for 24 hours a day for almost two years. The donor was a boy of 16 years who had had a fatal cerebral haemorrhage. The transplanted lung functioned perfectly from the time of operation until the patient's sudden death two months later from an overwhelming haemoptysis apparently from a small peribronchial abscess rupturing into the pulmonary artery. By the third postoperative week the patient had been able to walk unaided and without distress outdoors. The problem of differentiating infection from incipient rejection is discussed. We conclude that clinically successful lung transplantation can be achieved, but only if the problems of lung function, infection, and immunosuppression can all be overcome. ImagesFIG 1FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6 PMID:4105315

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

PubMed Central

Zimmerman, Gregory R.

1994-01-01

Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy resulting from compression of the median nerve as it passes through a narrow tunnel in the wrist on its way to the hand. The lack of precise objective and clinical tests, along with symptoms that are synonymous with other syndromes in the upper extremity, cause carpal tunnel syndrome to appear to be a rare entity in athletics. However, it should not be ruled out as a possible etiology of upper extremity paralysis in the athlete. More typically, carpal tunnel syndrome is the most common peripheral entrapment neuropathy encountered in industry. Treatment may include rest and/or splinting of the involved wrist, ice application, galvanic stimulation, or iontophoresis to reduce inflammation, and then transition to heat modalities and therapeutic exercises for developing flexibility, strength, and endurance. In addition, an ergonomic assessment should be conducted, resulting in modifications to accommodate the carpal tunnel syndrome patient. ImagesFig 3.Fig 4.Fig 5.Fig 6.Fig 7. PMID:16558255

Cardiovascular Sound and the Stethoscope, 1816 to 2016

PubMed Central

Segall, Harold N.

1963-01-01

Cardiovascular sound escaped attention until Laennec invented and demonstrated the usefulness of the stethoscope. Accuracy of diagnosis using cardiovascular sounds as clues increased with improvement in knowledge of the physiology of circulation. Nearly all currently acceptable clinicopathological correlations were established by physicians who used the simplest of stethoscopes or listened with the bare ear. Certain refinements followed the use of modern methods which afford greater precision in timing cardiovascular sounds. These methods contribute to educating the human ear, so that those advantages may be applied which accrue from auscultation, plus the method of writing quantitative symbols to describe what is heard, by focusing the sense of hearing on each segment of the cardiac cycle in turn. By the year 2016, electronic systems of collecting and analyzing data about the cardiovascular system may render the stethoscope obsolete. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 5Fig. 8 PMID:13987676

Anal sphincter injury. Management and results of Parks sphincter repair.

PubMed Central

Browning, G G; Motson, R W

1984-01-01

The surgical management of a consecutive series of 97 patients with complete division of the anal sphincter musculature is reported. The sphincter damage followed operative, traumatic, or obstetric injury and resulted in frank fecal incontinence or the urgent necessity of a defunctioning colostomy. All patients were treated by delayed sphincter repair using an overlapping technique; in 93 the repair was protected by a temporary defunctioning stoma. There were no deaths. The repair was completely successful in 65 (78%) and partially successful in 11 (13%) of the 83 patients assessed from 4 to 116 months after surgery. Complications occurred in 27 patients but did not usually affect the eventual clinical outcome. Provided there has been no major neurological damage to the sphincter complex, surgical reconstruction can be expected to restore continence in most patients. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. PMID:6703796

A reappraisal of the anatomy of the human lumbar erector spinae.

PubMed Central

Bogduk, N

1980-01-01

In the lumbar region the longissimus thoracis and iliocostalis lumborum are separated by the erector spinae aponeurosis and its ventral reflection--the lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis. Lumbar fibres of the longissimus arise from the ilium and the lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis and insert into the accessory processes and proximal ends of the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. Lumbar fibres of iliocostalis insert into the costal elements of the first four lumbar vertebrae. The lumbar insertions of these muscles are homologous to their thoracic insertions. The lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis is homologous to the lumbar intermuscular septum in the dog, cat and monkey. The details of attachment of the lumbar fibres of the erector spinae and of the lumbar intermuscular aponeurosis should be taken into account in biomechanical analyses of the lumbar vertebral column. Images Fig. 1(cont.) Fig. 1 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:7216917

Tissue distribution of a novel neurotensin-degrading metallopeptidase. An immunological approach using monospecific polyclonal antibodies.

PubMed Central

Checler, F; Barelli, H; Vincent, J P

1989-01-01

A monospecific polyclonal antiserum was raised against a recently purified rat brain neurotensin-degrading metallopeptidase. The purified IgG fraction immunoprecipitated the peptidase and inhibited its proteolytic activity. Western blot analyses revealed that the immune fraction recognizes only one protein in rat brain homogenates, and this corresponds closely to the purified enzyme. The IgG displayed a restricted specificity towards the peptidase from murine origin. In the rat, the neurotensin-degrading enzyme was widely distributed throughout peripheral organs with the noticeable exception of the duodenum. In addition, the peptidase was detected in various cell lines or membrane preparations of neural or extraneural origin in which it had been previously characterized by means of biochemical methods. In light of this widespread distribution, the putative role of the peptidase in the metabolism of neuropeptides is discussed. Images Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. PMID:2649078

Development of a High-Throughput Microwave Imaging System for Concealed Weapons Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-15

hardware. Index Terms—Microwave imaging, multistatic radar, Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). I. INTRODUCTION Near-field microwave imaging is a non-ionizing...configuration, but its computational demands are extreme. Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) imaging has long been used to efficiently construct images sampled with...Simulated image of 25 point scatterers imaged at range 1.5m, with array layout depicted in Fig. 3. Left: image formed with Equation (5) ( Fourier

Clinical value of selective serial sectioning of laryngectomy specimens.

PubMed Central

Browning, G. G.

1976-01-01

A simple routine pathology method for examining laryngectomy specimens has been presented which (1) gives the clinician information regarding the probability of total excision of the tumour; (2) allows more accurate staging of laryngeal tumours; (3) will act as a basis for evaluation of preoperative investigations and future clinical trials of treatment. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 PMID:785476

Integrated Device for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture, Characterization, and Lens-Free Microscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

prototype consists of an Excelsior-532-200- CDRH laser (wavelength = 532 nm) as the light source, a simple Thorlabs Fig. 2.  (a) Wide FOV image of a...demonstration, as shown in Fig. 1(a), used a laser (Excelsior-532-200- CDRH , Spectra Physics, with wavelength of 532 nm and power of 200 mW) as light

The morphology and innervation of facial vibrissae in the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii.

PubMed Central

Marotte, L R; Rice, F L; Waite, P M

1992-01-01

The morphology of the vibrissal follicles on the mystacial pad of the tammar wallaby is similar to that seen in other species except that the follicles lack a ringwulst or ring sinus. Instead, the mesenchymal sheath is thickened around the central region of the hair shaft. The follicle is innervated by both deep and superficial vibrissal nerves. The deep nerve enters as 4-11 fascicles which can be in close proximity or widely distributed around the hair. C1 follicles received more myelinated nerve fibres (252 +/- 31) than the smaller C4 follicles (174 +/- 43). The deep vibrissal nerve supplies the thickened mesenchymal sheath, the narrow 'waist' region above and the majority of endings in the inner conical body (ICB), while the superficial nerves provide a sparse innervation to the ICB and rete ridge. Receptors present in the follicle were of 4 types: (1) Merkel cells, especially numerous in the outer root sheath of the 'waist' region and occasionally in the ICB and rete ridge; (2) and (3) lanceolate and lamellated endings parallel to the hair shaft in both the mesenchymal thickening and the 'waist' region where they were particularly dense; (4) free nerve endings in the mesenchymal thickening, 'waist' region and ICB. No corpuscular, bulbous or Ruffini endings were seen. The innervation of the intervibrissal fur was similar to that described in other species. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 Fig. 12 Fig. 13 PMID:1487434

Novel Adult Stem Cells for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

were also positive for MSC surface marker CD29 and CD44 (Fig. 1F-G). However, CD29 and CD44 are also expressed in SMCs, so we will not use these non...tubulin. In addition, MVSCs were negative for perivascular MSC marker CD146 (Fig. 1H) and SMC progenitor marker Sca-1 (Fig. 1I). MVSCs were also...University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 2 UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley, California 94720, USA. 3

Chemical camouflage: a key process in shaping an ant-treehopper and fig-fig wasp mutualistic network.

PubMed

Wang, Bo; Lu, Min; Cook, James M; Yang, Da-Rong; Dunn, Derek W; Wang, Rui-Wu

2018-01-30

Different types of mutualisms may interact, co-evolve and form complex networks of interdependences, but how species interact in networks of a mutualistic community and maintain its stability remains unclear. In a mutualistic network between treehoppers-weaver ants and fig-pollinating wasps, we found that the cuticular hydrocarbons of the treehoppers are more similar to the surface chemical profiles of fig inflorescence branches (FIB) than the cuticular hydrocarbons of the fig wasps. Behavioral assays showed that the cuticular hydrocarbons from both treehoppers and FIBs reduce the propensity of weaver ants to attack treehoppers even in the absence of honeydew rewards, suggesting that chemical camouflage helps enforce the mutualism between weaver ants and treehoppers. High levels of weaver ant and treehopper abundances help maintain the dominance of pollinating fig wasps in the fig wasp community and also increase fig seed production, as a result of discriminative predation and disturbance by weaver ants of ovipositing non-pollinating fig wasps (NPFWs). Ants therefore help preserve this fig-pollinating wasp mutualism from over exploitation by NPFWs. Our results imply that in this mutualistic network chemical camouflage plays a decisive role in regulating the behavior of a key species and indirectly shaping the architecture of complex arthropod-plant interactions.

Immunoglobulins and transient paraproteins in sera of patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: a follow-up study.

PubMed Central

Radl, J; Dooren, L H; Morell, A; Skvaril, F; Vossen, J M; Uittenbogaart, C H

1976-01-01

Immunoglobulin levels of individual classes and IgG subclasses and the occurrence of homogeneous immunoglobulins--paraproteins--were studied longitudinally in the sera of three patients with the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome; Common findings in all three patients were great variations in the immunoglobulin levels, restricted heterogeneity of the immunoglobulins, the frequent appearance of transient homogeneous immunoglobulins and the presence of serum antibodies against bovine milk proteins. A partial and selective deficiency involving mainly the T immune system is postulated as an explanation for these findings. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 PMID:954233

Observation of Children's Teeth as a Diagnostic Aid

PubMed Central

Gibson, Wm. M.; Conchie, John M.

1964-01-01

Current interest in tetracycline staining of teeth and other enamel defects led to this review. In the handicapped child structural defects that were seen in the dental enamel may provide a most accurate etiological clue. The method of determining the time of insult is described. Comments are made on seven states in which enamel dysplasia may be frequently observed. A simple means of identifying tetracycline pigment incorporated in dental enamel is outlined. Bilirubin staining of teeth is also shown and warnings are given about the indelible nature of these pigments. ImagesFig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4 PMID:14118684

Assignment of the structural gene for human beta glucuronidase to chromosome 7 and tetrameric association of subunits in the enzyme molecule.

PubMed Central

Chern, C J; Croce, C M

1976-01-01

The structural locus for human beta glucuronidase is assigned to chromosome 7, a localization based upon concordant segregation of the expression of the human enzyme and the presence of human chromosome 7 in somatic cell hybrid clones derived independently from fusions of different human and mouse cells. Hybrid clones containing only human chromosome 7 are included in this study. Electrophoresis of beta glucuronidase also has revealed that human beta glucuronidase has a tetrametric structure. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 PMID:941902

Surgery for chronic pancreatitis. Drainage versus resection.

PubMed Central

Proctor, H J; Mendes, O C; Thomas, C G; Herbst, C A

1979-01-01

A retrospective study of 49 patients with chronic obstructive and chronic calcific pancreatitis is presented. All patients were operated upon and underwent either a partial pancreatectomy or internal drainage of the ductal system into a Roux-en-Y loop of jejunum. The criteria for selection of operation are discussed, and the follow-up of the two operative groups is given. In patients selected as described, internal drainage provided better relief of pain and was accomplished with a lower operative mortality and morbidity and with less postoperative pancreatic insufficiency. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. PMID:443918

Efficient transfer of genetic material into mammalian cells using Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers.

PubMed Central

Kukowska-Latallo, J F; Bielinska, A U; Johnson, J; Spindler, R; Tomalia, D A; Baker, J R

1996-01-01

Starburst polyamidoamine dendrimers are a new class of synthetic polymers with unique structural and physical characteristics. These polymers were investigated for the ability to bind DNA and enhance DNA transfer and expression in a variety of mammalian cell lines. Twenty different types of polyamidoamine dendrimers were synthesized, and the polymer structure was confirmed using well-defined analytical techniques. The efficiency of plasmid DNA transfection using dendrimers was examined using two reporter gene systems: firefly luciferase and bacterial beta-galactosidase. The transfections were performed using various dendrimers, and levels of expression of the reporter protein were determined. Highly efficient transfection of a broad range of eukaryotic cells and cell lines was achieved with minimal cytotoxicity using the DNA/dendrimer complexes. However, the ability to transfect cells was restricted to certain types of dendrimers and in some situations required the presence of additional compounds, such as DEAE-dextran, that appeared to alter the nature of the complex. A few cell lines demonstrated enhanced transfection with the addition of chloroquine, indicating endosomal localization of the complexes. The capability of a dendrimer to transfect cells appeared to depend on the size, shape, and number of primary amino groups on the surface of the polymer. However, the specific dendrimer most efficient in achieving transfection varied between different types of cells. These studies demonstrate that Starburst dendrimers can transfect a wide variety of cell types in vitro and offer an efficient method for producing permanently transfected cell lines. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 4 PMID:8643500

TU-F-12A-06: BEST IN PHYSICS (IMAGING) - A Novel Catheter-Based Radionuclide Imaging System to Characterize Atherosclerotic Plaque

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zaman, R; Kosuge, H; Carpenter, C

2014-06-15

Purpose: Atherosclerosis underlies coronary artery diseases, the leading cause of death in the United States and worldwide. In this study, we developed a novel catheter-based radionuclide imaging (CRI) system to image 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), a radionuclide, a marker of vascular inflammation, in murine carotid arteries and characterized the system for spatial resolution from multiple scintillating materials. Methods: The catheter system includes 35 mm and 8 mm fixed focal length lenses, which are subsequently connected to a CMOS camera and fiber holder. The distal ferrule of an image bundle is terminated with a wide-angle lens. The novelty of this system is amore » scintillating balloon with a crystal tip in the front of the wide angle lens to image light from the decay of 18F-FDG emission signal. The scintillating balloon is fabricated from 1mL of silicone RTV catalyst mixed with 1 mL base and 50 mg/mL calcium fluoride doped with Europium (CaF2:Eu). To identify the optimal scintillating materials with respect to resolution, we calculated modulation transfer function (MTF) of Yttrium Aluminum Garnet doped with Cerium (YAG:Ce), anthracene, and CaF2:Eu phosphors using a thin line optical phantom (Fig. 1a-1b). Macrophage-rich FVB murine atherosclerotic carotid plaque model (n = 4) was used in ex vivo experiments. Confirmatory imaging was also performed by an external optical imaging system (IVIS-200). Results: Analysis of the different phosphors (Fig 1b) showed that CaF2:Eu enabled the best resolution of 1.2μm. The CRI system visualized 18F-FDG in atherosclerotic plaques (Fig. 1d). The ligated left carotid (LR) artery exhibited 4× higher 18F-FDG signal intensity compared to the non-ligated right carotid (negative control) artery (1.65×10{sup 2} ±4.07×10{sup 1} vs. 4.44×10{sup 1}±2.17×10{sup 0}, A.U., p = 0.005) and confirmed with IVIS-200 (Fig. 1d). Conclusion: This CRI system enables high-resolution and sensitive detection of 18F-FDG uptake by murine atherosclerotic plaques.« less

The ultrastructure of the sweat glands of the ox, sheep and goat during sweating and recovery.

PubMed Central

Jenkinson, D M; Montgomery, I; Elder, H Y

1979-01-01

The ultrastructure of the sweat glands of cattle, sheep and goats was studied before, during, and after, exposure of the animals to controlled warm environments. In cattle, sweating induced little ultrastructural change in the gland, although fluid-filled spaces appeared between the myo- and secretory epithelial layers. The mechanism appears to be one of fluid transport and exocytosis of secretory vesicles, which in this species seem to be derived from the Golgi apparatus and/or mitochondria. The glands of the sheep and goat also displayed signs of vesicle exocytosis and of fluid transport during sweating. The sweating 'fatigue' in these species was apparently due to failure of the secretory cells, some of which ruptured and were extruded into the lumen. The evidence during subsequent recovery indicates that neighbouring cells spread to make contact, encase remnants of atretic cells between them and the underlying myoepithelium, and engulf them. Sweat in these species appears to be formed (a) by secretion and (b) from cells which can no longer meet the demands of stimulation. The role in sweating of cell replacement, and of undifferentiated cells found between the myo- and secretory epithelia, is discussed. Images Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 PMID:511758

Arteriography in ponies with Strongylus vulgaris arteritis.

PubMed Central

Slocombe, J O; Rendano, V T; Owen, R R; Pennock, P W; McCraw, B M

1977-01-01

Radiographs of the aorta and abdominal arteries were obtained from a normal anesthetized pony following catheterization of a femoral artery for nonselective, semiselective or selective arteriography. The arteries had smooth borders and regular diameters and the branches of the cranial mesenteric artery could be followed distally on the angiogram through to the smaller branches proximal to the bowel wall. Following arteriography, the pony walked normally and there were minimal alterations of the levels of serum muscle enzymes and blood lactate. The procedures for arteriography were repeated in three days. At that time the femoral artery was patent and satisfactory angiograms were obtained. Similiarly, radiographs were obtained from two ponies artificially infected with Strongylus vulgaris. The cranial msenteric artery and some of its branches, the right renal artery and segments of the aorta had irregular borders and were enlarged. Branches of the cranial mesenteric artery could not be followed distally because the flow of the contrast material was blocked. Following the above procedures, euthanasia of all ponies was expedited and the findings of arteritis, thrombosis and dilatation of arteries at necropsy compared favorably with interpretations from the radiographs. At least in the pony, arteriography can be a valuable research and diagnostic tool for the demonstration of lesions associated with verminous arteritis. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. Fig. 12. PMID:861832

Polygalacturonase Gene Expression in Rutgers, rin, nor, and Nr Tomato Fruits 1

PubMed Central

DellaPenna, Dean; Kates, David S.; Bennett, Alan B.

1987-01-01

Polygalacturonase (PG) gene expression was studied in normally ripening tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill, cv Rutgers) and in three ripening-impaired mutants, rin, nor, and Nr. Normal and mutant fruit of identical chronological age were analyzed at 41, 49, and 62 days after pollination. These stages corresponded to mature-green, ripe, and overripe, respectively, for Rutgers. The amount of PG mRNA in Rutgers was highest at 49 days and accounted for 2.3% of the total mRNA mass but at 62 days had decreased to 0.004% of the total mRNA mass. In Nr, the amount of PG mRNA steadily increased between 41 and 62 days after pollination, reaching a maximum level of 0.5% of the total mRNA mass. The mutant nor exhibited barely detectable levels of PG mRNA at all stages tested. Surprisingly, PG mRNA, comprising approximately 0.06% of the mRNA mass, was detected in 49 day rin fruit. This mRNA accumulation occurred in the absence of elevated ethylene production by the fruit and resulted in the synthesis of enzymically active PG I. The different patterns of PG mRNA accumulation in the three mutants suggests that distinct molecular mechanisms contribute to reduced PG expression in each ripening-impaired mutant. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:16665727

Ultrastructure of the extracellular matrix of bovine dura mater, optic nerve sheath and sclera.

PubMed Central

Raspanti, M; Marchini, M; Della Pasqua, V; Strocchi, R; Ruggeri, A

1992-01-01

The sclera, the outermost sheath of the optic nerve and the dura mater have been investigated histologically and ultrastructurally. Although these tissues appear very similar under the light microscope, being dense connective tissues mainly composed of collagen bundles and a limited amount of cells and elastic fibres, they exhibit subtle differences on electron microscopy. In the dura and sclera collagen appears in the form of large, nonuniform fibrils, similar to those commonly found in tendons, while in the optic nerve sheath the fibrils appear smaller and uniform, similar to those commonly observed in reticular tissues, vessel walls and skin. Freeze-fracture also reveals these fibrils to have different subfibrillar architectures, straight or helical, which correspond to 2 distinct forms of collagen fibril previously described (Raspanti et al. 1989). The other extracellular matrix components also vary with the particular collagen fibril structure. Despite their common embryological derivation, the dura mater, optic nerve sheath and sclera exhibit diversification of their extracellular matrix consistent with the mechanical loads to which these tissues are subjected. Our observations indicate that the outermost sheath of the optic nerve resembles the epineurium of peripheral nerves rather than the dura to which it is commonly likened. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:1295858

Localisation of the spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve in the rabbit.

PubMed Central

Ullah, M; Salman, S S

1986-01-01

The spinal nucleus of the accessory nerve (SNA) was localised in eight adult rabbits by a retrograde degeneration technique using thionine as a stain for the Nissl substance. The SNA was found to extend from the caudal one fifth of the medulla oblongata to the cranial one fourth of the sixth cervical segment. In the caudal part of the medulla oblongata, the SNA was located in the dorsal part of the detached ventral grey column. In the first cervical segment, the SNA was dorsolateral to the dorsomedial column and dorsal to the ventromedial column of the ventral grey column. In the cranial part of the second cervical segment, the SNA shifted laterally to the lateral margin of the ventral grey column. After this lateral shift, the SNA was located in the lateral part of the ventral grey column of the second, third and fourth cervical segments. In the fifth and cranial one fourth of the sixth cervical segments, the SNA was not a well defined column of cells but was represented by isolated cells scattered in the ventral part of the ventral grey column between the phrenic nucleus and the ventral border of the grey matter. The total number of chromatolysed cells found in the SNA of the right experimental side varied from 2723 to 3210. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 10 Fig. 11 PMID:3429311

Seeding arterial prostheses with vascular endothelium. The nature of the lining.

PubMed Central

Herring, M B; Dilley, R; Jersild, R A; Boxer, L; Gardner, A; Glover, J

1979-01-01

Arterial prostheses seeded with autogenous vascular endothelium demonstrate a well-organized, cellular, inner lining. To determine the nature of the lining cells, six animals underwent replacement of the infrarenal aorta with Dacron prostheses. During the preparation of three such grafts, endothelium was scraped from the saphenous vein with a steel wool pledget, suspended in chilled Sack's solution, and mixed with blood used to preclot the graft. This suspension was omitted from the three control grafts. After six weeks, the grafts were removed, rinsed and examined. Fluorescent Factor VIII related antigen (F VIII-RA) strongly stained the lining cells. Silver nitrate Haütchen and electron microscopy preparations revealed a lining pattern characteristic of vascular endothelium. Endothelial cell-specific Weibel-Palade bodies were identified in the lining cell cytoplasm. Masson's trichrome staining revealed a relatively collagen-poor connective tissue within the seeded fabric. Transmission electron microscopy disclosed vascular smooth muscle cells between the seeded graft fabric and the lining cells. Vasa vasorum, arising from the outer capsule, penetrated the fabric to supply the inner capsules of the seeded grafts. It is concluded that the cells lining seeded canine arterial prostheses are true vascular endothelium supported by vascular smooth muscle cells, that the lining contains minimal connective tissue, and that vasa vasorum develop. Unseeded control grafts lacked these features. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. Fig. 7. Fig. 8. Fig. 9. Fig. 10. PMID:464684

Immunocytochemical localization of the ovine immunoglobulins IgA, IgG1, IgG1A and IgG2: effect of gastro-intestinal parasitism in the sheep

PubMed Central

Curtain, C. C.; Anderson, N.

1971-01-01

A study has been made of the immunocytochemical localization of IgG1, IgG2, IgG1A and IgA in the alimentary tract and associated lymph nodes of parasitized and parasite-free sheep. No immunoglobulin-containing cells were found in the abomasal mucosa of the parasite-free sheep. On the other hand, large numbers of IgG1 and IgG1A-containing cells were found in the lamina propria and at the base of the villi of the abomasum of the parasitized sheep. IgG1, IgG1A, and IgA-containing cells were found in mucosal sections from the jejunum and ileum of both parasitized and parasite-free sheep, the number of IgG1A-containing cells being sifnificantly greater in the former than in the latter. This increase was considered to be of some importance since the IgG1A subclass appears to be involved in the allergic response of the sheep to intestinal parasites. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2FIG. 3FIG. 4FIG. 5FIG. 6FIG. 7 PMID:4924939

Sterilisation in the laboratory autoclave using direct air displacement by steam.

PubMed Central

Everall, P H; Morris, C A; Yarnell, R

1978-01-01

A device using a steam injection funnel is described by means of which air can be driven quickly and surely from an autoclave load. It is simple and inexpensive, necessitates no changes in the working routine of a microbiology laboratory, and does not interfere with the operation of the autoclave in its normal mode. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 3 PMID:344345

Orbital cellulitis demands early recognition, urgent admission and aggressive management.

PubMed Central

Tole, D M; Anderton, L C; Hayward, J M

1995-01-01

Orbital cellulitis is an emergency. Confusion still exists between the diagnosis of this serious condition and that of preseptal cellulitis. Delay in treatment may cause blindness and progression to life-threatening sequelae such as brain abscess, meningitis or cavernous sinus thrombosis. We report a case in which, despite late referral, emergency surgical intervention was sight saving. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:7582417

Effect of Flooding on Starch Accumulation in Chloroplasts of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) 1

PubMed Central

Wample, Robert L.; Davis, Ronald W.

1983-01-01

Chloroplasts in leaves of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. cv hybrid 894) whose roots were flooded for 4 days showed an increase in the level of starch in chloroplasts when examined with the electron microscope. Starch determination showed significantly higher levels in leaves of flooded plants. Chloroplast and mitochondrial structure seemed otherwise normal. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:16663176

Betamethasone enemata in ulcerative colitis

PubMed Central

Matts, S. G. Flavell

1962-01-01

In this series a very large therapeutic dose of corticosteroid was administered by retention enemata. For the first week the author gave the equivalent of between 300 and 750 mg. of cortisone daily and for the next three weeks 150 to 375 mg. daily. The results were excellent but systemic effects were noted in all who received more than the smallest dose used. ImagesFIG. 1FIG. 2 PMID:13933911

Bullous impetigo caused by Streptococcus salivarius: a case report.

PubMed Central

Brook, I

1980-01-01

A 19-month-old child presented with bullous impetigo around the perineal region, penis, and left foot. Streptococcus salivarius was the only isolate recovered from the lesions. The child was treated with parenteral penicillin, debridement of the bulli, and local application of silver sulphadiazine cream. This case of bullous impetigo illustrates another aspect of the pathogenicity of Strep. salivarius. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 PMID:7002959

Metamaterial and Metastructural Architectures for Novel C4ISR Devices and Sensors

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

2.7 The SEM pictures of the fabricated metastructure cage waveguide a) before and b) after the thermal oxidization and HF etching process ..10 Fig...of the hollow core. (Bottom) The SiO2 shell in the core was removed by buffered high-frequency etch...28 Fig. 3.9 SEM images of the waveguides after etching in CR-9 and buffered oxide etchant

Figure Text Extraction in Biomedical Literature

PubMed Central

Kim, Daehyun; Yu, Hong

2011-01-01

Background Figures are ubiquitous in biomedical full-text articles, and they represent important biomedical knowledge. However, the sheer volume of biomedical publications has made it necessary to develop computational approaches for accessing figures. Therefore, we are developing the Biomedical Figure Search engine (http://figuresearch.askHERMES.org) to allow bioscientists to access figures efficiently. Since text frequently appears in figures, automatically extracting such text may assist the task of mining information from figures. Little research, however, has been conducted exploring text extraction from biomedical figures. Methodology We first evaluated an off-the-shelf Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tool on its ability to extract text from figures appearing in biomedical full-text articles. We then developed a Figure Text Extraction Tool (FigTExT) to improve the performance of the OCR tool for figure text extraction through the use of three innovative components: image preprocessing, character recognition, and text correction. We first developed image preprocessing to enhance image quality and to improve text localization. Then we adapted the off-the-shelf OCR tool on the improved text localization for character recognition. Finally, we developed and evaluated a novel text correction framework by taking advantage of figure-specific lexicons. Results/Conclusions The evaluation on 382 figures (9,643 figure texts in total) randomly selected from PubMed Central full-text articles shows that FigTExT performed with 84% precision, 98% recall, and 90% F1-score for text localization and with 62.5% precision, 51.0% recall and 56.2% F1-score for figure text extraction. When limiting figure texts to those judged by domain experts to be important content, FigTExT performed with 87.3% precision, 68.8% recall, and 77% F1-score. FigTExT significantly improved the performance of the off-the-shelf OCR tool we used, which on its own performed with 36.6% precision, 19.3% recall, and 25.3% F1-score for text extraction. In addition, our results show that FigTExT can extract texts that do not appear in figure captions or other associated text, further suggesting the potential utility of FigTExT for improving figure search. PMID:21249186

Figure text extraction in biomedical literature.

PubMed

Kim, Daehyun; Yu, Hong

2011-01-13

Figures are ubiquitous in biomedical full-text articles, and they represent important biomedical knowledge. However, the sheer volume of biomedical publications has made it necessary to develop computational approaches for accessing figures. Therefore, we are developing the Biomedical Figure Search engine (http://figuresearch.askHERMES.org) to allow bioscientists to access figures efficiently. Since text frequently appears in figures, automatically extracting such text may assist the task of mining information from figures. Little research, however, has been conducted exploring text extraction from biomedical figures. We first evaluated an off-the-shelf Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tool on its ability to extract text from figures appearing in biomedical full-text articles. We then developed a Figure Text Extraction Tool (FigTExT) to improve the performance of the OCR tool for figure text extraction through the use of three innovative components: image preprocessing, character recognition, and text correction. We first developed image preprocessing to enhance image quality and to improve text localization. Then we adapted the off-the-shelf OCR tool on the improved text localization for character recognition. Finally, we developed and evaluated a novel text correction framework by taking advantage of figure-specific lexicons. The evaluation on 382 figures (9,643 figure texts in total) randomly selected from PubMed Central full-text articles shows that FigTExT performed with 84% precision, 98% recall, and 90% F1-score for text localization and with 62.5% precision, 51.0% recall and 56.2% F1-score for figure text extraction. When limiting figure texts to those judged by domain experts to be important content, FigTExT performed with 87.3% precision, 68.8% recall, and 77% F1-score. FigTExT significantly improved the performance of the off-the-shelf OCR tool we used, which on its own performed with 36.6% precision, 19.3% recall, and 25.3% F1-score for text extraction. In addition, our results show that FigTExT can extract texts that do not appear in figure captions or other associated text, further suggesting the potential utility of FigTExT for improving figure search.

Changes in the size and synthetic activity of nuclear populations in chronically stimulated rabbit skeletal muscle.

PubMed Central

Joplin, R E; Franchi, L L; Salmons, S

1987-01-01

The adaptive response of mammalian fast-twitch skeletal muscle to long-term low-frequency stimulation involves coordinated changes in the expression of a large number of genes and an increase in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids. Morphological correlates of these changes were sought in a qualitative and quantitative study of nuclear populations that included autoradiography at both light and electron microscopic levels. Stimulation-induced changes in biosynthetic activity were found to be supported by increases in the numbers of both non-muscle and muscle nuclei, and myonuclear counts were significantly increased in relation to sarcoplasmic volume. Moreover, the chronically stimulated muscle fibres showed ultrastructural signs consistent with mobilisation of transcriptional and translational activity. Images Fig. 2 Fig. 4 (cont.) Fig. 4 Fig. 5 PMID:3503051

Granulomatous lobular mastitis.

PubMed Central

Going, J J; Anderson, T J; Wilkinson, S; Chetty, U

1987-01-01

The clinical and pathological features of nine cases of granulomatous mastitis were compared with those of 10 cases of duct ectasia/periductal mastitis (DE/PM), all of which were associated with active granulomatous inflammation. Granulomatous mastitis affects a younger age group, and although there is some overlap with DE/PM, it has distinctive pathological features, particularly a lobule centred distribution, for which the term "granulomatous lobular mastitis" is recommended. There is a strong tendency for persistence or recurrence. Our cases of granulomatous mastitis all occurred in parous women, five of them within three years of pregnancy. Awareness of this condition is important, because surgery does not offer the best treatment of recurrent disease, and trials of adequate drug treatment, including corticosteroids, are required. Images Fig 1 Fig 2 Fig 3 Fig 4 PMID:3584506